British Indian Army

1875: 1707: 738: 1532: 535: 1214: 679: 1934: 1972: 1829: 53: 2147: 930: 2040: 1949: 903: 1245: 105: 1037: 2321: 86: 1206: 1233: 1520: 362:. In 1879, the Presidency armies were integrated into a system of four Commands with a central Commander-in-Chief. On 1 April 1895, the Presidency armies were dissolved and unified into a single Indian Army, also divided into four Commands, and the term "Indian Army" was officially used by 1903. The Commands were later replaced by two "Armies" in 1908—the Northern and Southern Army—but the Command system was restored in 1920. 2261: 444: 1025: 2186:. He instituted large-scale reforms, the greatest of which was the merger of the three armies of the Presidencies into a unified force. He formed higher level formations, eight army divisions, and brigaded Indian and British units. He left his command in 1909. Following Kitchener's reforms, the terminology used for the forces in India was altered. The 2823: 3600: 3617: 1999:

wrote, "By comparison with the two great provinces , partition of the army and the civil service was easy, though by any other standard, it was difficult, wasteful, and destructive. ... The men were transferred in their units. Regiments of Sikh and Hindu soldiers from the north-west frontier had to

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Nearly 700,000 troops then served in the Middle East, fighting against the Turks in the Mesopotamian campaign. There they were short of transportation for resupply and operated in extremely hot and dusty conditions. Led by Major General Sir Charles Townshend, they pushed on to capture Baghdad but

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that arrived on the Western Front in 1914. The high number of officer casualties the corps suffered early on had an effect on its later performance. British officers that understood the language, customs, and psychology of their men could not be quickly replaced, and the alien environment of the

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Indian Army postings were less prestigious than British Army positions, but the pay was significantly greater so that officers could live on their salaries instead of having to have a private income. Accordingly, vacancies in the Indian Army were much sought after and generally reserved for the

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After the reforms ended in 1909, the Indian Army was organised along British lines, although it was always behind in terms of equipment. An Indian Army division consisted of three brigades each of four battalions. Three of these battalions were of the Indian Army, and one British. The Indian

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The Presidency armies were abolished with effect from 1 April 1895 by a notification of the Government of India through Army Department Order Number 981 dated 26 October 1894, unifying the three Presidency armies into a single Indian Army. The armies were amalgamated into four commands,

4190: 3702: 1476:, by which Indians were promoted into higher officer ranks. In a 1923 census, the British Indian Army consisted of 64,669 British-born soldiers and officers, with 187,432 Indian-born soldiers in comparison. Indian cadets were sent to study in Great Britain at the 921:

Regimental battalions were not permanently allocated to particular divisions or brigades, but instead spent some years in one formation, and were then posted to another elsewhere. This rotating arrangement was intended both to provide all units with experience of

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The new order began with the Bengal regiments, followed by the Punjab Frontier Force, then the regiments of Madras, the Hyderabad Contingent, and Bombay. Wherever possible a significant digit was retained in the new number. Thus the 1st Sikh Infantry became the

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as forced labour. Many of these men suffered severe hardships and brutality, similar to that experienced by other prisoners of Japan during the Second World War. About 6,000 of them survived until they were liberated by Australian or US forces, in 1943–45.

602:. The Indian Army, like the Presidency armies, continued to provide armed support to the civil authorities, both in combating banditry and in case of riots and rebellion. One of the first external operations the new unified army faced was the 1899 to 1901 319:, the "British Government has undertaken to protect the dominions of the Native princes from invasion and even from rebellion within: its army is organized for the defence not merely of British India, but of all possessions under the suzerainty of the 7229: 2284:

were Indians holding officer ranks. They were treated in almost all respects as commissioned officers, but had authority over Indian troops only, and were subordinate to all British King's (and Queen's) Commissioned Officers and KCIOs. They included

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since 1861. They were five of these until they were joined by the former 42nd, 43rd, & 44th Gurkha Regiments of the Bengal Army, who became the 6th, 7th, & 8th Gurkha Rifles. The numbers 42, 43, & 44 were allocated respectively to the

2012:. The remaining six Gurkha regiments of the British Indian Army joined the Dominion of India. During the transition period after partition, those Gurkha regiments that were in Pakistan, did their service, but were eventually moved back to India. 1487:

In 1922, after wartime experience had shown that the maintenance of 130 separate single-battalion infantry regiments was unwieldy, a number of large (four to five battalion) regiments were created, and numerous cavalry regiments amalgamated. The

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shows the reduced number of larger regiments. Until 1932 most Indian Army officers, both British and Indian, were trained at the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, after that date the Indian officers increasingly received their training at the

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against foreign aggression was the army's primary role and that all units were to have training and experience in that role on that frontier. Furthermore, the army's organisation should be the same in peace as in war, and maintaining

527:– were abandoned in 1889. No divisional staffs were maintained in peacetime, and troops were dispersed throughout the sub-continent, with internal security as their main function. In 1891 the three staff corps were merged into one 1554:, the Indian Army numbered 205,000 men and, as the war continued, this would rise to 2.5 million men to become the largest all–volunteer force in history. During this process, six corps would be raised; which consisted of the 977:. Regimental designations were altered to remove all references to the former Presidential Armies. Where appropriate subsidiary titles recalling other identifying details were adopted. Thus the 2nd Bengal Lancers became the 2019:. But, the partition resulted in more ethnic imbalance in the Pakistani military, mainly because the new nation state of Pakistan was formed by joining West Punjab, NWFP, East Bengal, Baluchistan, and Sind. The new 477:. Before 1858, the precursor units of the Indian Army were units controlled by the Company and were paid for by their profits. These operated alongside units of the British Army, funded by the British government in 964:

To emphasise that there was now only one Indian Army, and that all units were to be trained and deployed without regard for their regional origins, the regiments were renumbered into single sequences of cavalry,

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battalions were often segregated, with companies of different tribes, castes or religions. One and a half million volunteers came forward from the estimated population of 315 million in the Indian subcontinent.

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Before the war, the Indian government had decided that India could afford to provide two infantry divisions and a cavalry brigade in the event of a European war. Some 140,000 soldiers saw active service on the

1706: 1484:. The KCIOs were equivalent in every way to British commissioned officers and had full authority over British troops (unlike VCOs). Some KCIOs were attached to British Army units for a part of their careers. 3044: 2751: 7618: 519:

during peacetime until 1886, when it came under the Commander-in-Chief, India. The Hyderabad Contingent and other local corps remained under direct governmental control. Standing higher formations –

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maintaining the position until gravely wounded became the first Indian to win a Victoria Cross (Indians were eligible from 1911). In November, after a retreat, a scout section of the 1st Battalion

2105:) We may judge of the size of these men when we are told that the height below which no recruit is taken is five feet six inches. The great proportion of the Grenadiers are six feet and upwards." 1370:

Participants from the Indian subcontinent won 13,000 medals, including 12 Victoria Crosses. By the end of the war a total of 47,746 Indians had been reported dead or missing; 65,126 were wounded.

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had already lost their numbers two years earlier. Under the 1903 reforms they were renumbered with twenty added to their original numbers. The army had very little artillery (only 12 batteries of

6119: 1291:– 90,000 in the front-line Indian Corps, and some 50,000 in auxiliary battalions. They felt that any more would jeopardise national security. More than four divisions were eventually sent as 1308:

in 1915 India provided many more divisions for active service during the course of the war. Indians' first engagement was on the Western Front within a month of the start of the war, at the

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axis. However, the cost of abandoning some thirty-four stations and building new ones in the proposed corps areas was considered prohibitive, and that aspect of the plan had to be modified.

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were insufficient, and many troops intended for the field force were not moved from their old stations into the areas of their new divisional command. These defects became clear during the

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were created in the 1920s. The Indian Territorial Force was a part-time, paid, all-volunteer organisation within the army. Its units were primarily made up of European officers and Indian

1874: 1164:, army headquarters was weighed down with minor administrative details. Divisional commanders were responsible not only for their active formations, but also for internal security and 1849: 1724: 2973: 7608: 6983: 3005: 5735: 5135: 1686:. In matters of administration, weapons, training, and equipment, the Indian Army had considerable independence; for example, prior to the war the Indian Army adopted the 895:

brigade, and a number of troops for internal security or local frontier defence. Permanent divisional commands were formed with an establishment of staff officers under a

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in 1748. Lawrence went to India with no larger command than a "small undisciplined garrison of two or three hundred men" facing a significant French presence. In 1903,

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had been ravaged by large communal riots, but the British Indian Army was able to restore order. Nehru demanded with urgency, that the Indian Army should safeguard

715: 3751: 492:, who was formally the Commander-in-Chief of the East Indies. From 1861, most of the officer manpower was pooled in the three Presidential Staff Corps. After the 619: 1133:, dealing with supplies, accommodation, and communications. In 1906 a General Branch was established to deal with military policy, organisation and deployment, 7623: 1905:

Some Indian Army personnel resisted recruitment and remained POWs. An unknown number captured in Malaya and Singapore were taken to Japanese-occupied areas of

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referred to the British Army units posted to India for a tour of duty, and which would then be posted to other parts of the Empire or back to the UK. The

2124:–between 1858 and 1894. In 1895, the Indian Army began its formal existence and was the "army of the government of India", including British and Indian ( 1165: 3435: 3189: 2868: 2139:

at Delhi, partly as a result of insensitive treatment by their British officers. During this period, the Company Raj relied heavily upon the armies of

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armies lost their posts of Commander-in-Chief. In 1895, the Presidency Armies were abolished and the Indian Army created thereby was grouped into four

1240:, France, on their way to fight the Germans during the First World War. The post card reads, "Gentlemen of India marching to chasten German hooligans" 7376: 7214: 6670: 4559:

Nathan, R.; Lee-Warner, William; Carnduff, H. W. C.; Maclagan, E. D.; Walker, G. H. D.; Collen, Edwin; Nathan; Bythel, W. J.; Hemming, T. H. (1908).

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led the 40,000-strong INA. From a total of about 55,000 Indians taken prisoner in Malaya and Singapore in February 1942, about 30,000 joined the INA,

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Western Front had some effect on the soldiers. However, the feared unrest in India never happened, and while the Indian Corps was transferred to the

1256: 1249: 3155: 5125: 5115: 2940: 2232:. British officers in the Indian Army were expected to learn to speak the Indian languages of their men, who tended to be recruited from primarily 1841: 1960:

demanded in a letter to the Commander in Chief and Defence Secretary, that a large-scale reform should be implemented to improve the Indian Army.

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on the Frontier, and to prevent them becoming 'localised' in static regimental stations. In contrast, the divisional locations remained constant.

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referred from that time to "the force recruited locally and permanently based in India, together with its expatriate British officers;" the

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which fought Allied forces in the Burma Campaign. Others became guards at Japanese POW camps. The recruitment was the brainchild of Major

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Indian Divisions were formed, as well as other forces. Additionally there were at one time or another four armoured divisions formed (the

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make their way through Muslim territory to get out of what was to be Pakistan." Also in 1947 a final agreement was signed regarding the

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within their respective areas. On mobilisation, divisional staffs took the field, leaving no-one to maintain the local administration.

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appears to have been first used informally, as a collective description of the Presidency armies, which collectively comprised the

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Over the course of the Second World War, about 87,000 Indian soldiers were killed. In this period, 31 Indians were awarded the

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rifle during the Second World War, instead of the Lee–Enfield No.4 Mk I issued to the British Army from the middle of the war.

722: 266: 3725: 2093:, who had a lifetime's experience of Indian soldiering, wrote about the Bengal Presidency: "They consist largely of Rajpoots ( 6363: 6065: 5905: 5890: 5684: 5614: 4924: 4798: 4779: 4586: 4104: 3735: 3658: 3631: 3392: 3330: 3239: 2954: 2915: 2837: 2277: 1481: 695: 374: 243: 3993: 1316:, the first Indian contingent to be in contact with Germans at Hollebeke (and the only to inscribe 'Ypres 1914'), the sepoy 30:

This article is about the army of the British Indian Empire (1895–1947). For the current army of the Republic of India, see

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Gupta, Partha Sarathi; Deshpanda, Anirudh; Yong, Tan Tai; Sundaram, Chander S.; Roy, Kaushik; Kaul, Vivien Ashima (2002).

7613: 6239: 6070: 5492: 2237: 1976: 239: 213: 209: 17: 3759: 3648: 7598: 6494: 6489: 6348: 5466: 5426: 4863: 4293: 4268: 4219: 2618: 2613: 2587: 2567: 1271:, the strength of the British Indian Army was 215,000. Either in 1914 or before, a ninth division had been formed, the 1138: 737: 7344: 6464: 6254: 6181: 5867: 5805: 5441: 4682: 4663: 4644: 4605: 4460: 4403: 3194: 2873: 2853: 2281: 2229: 1531: 1477: 1462: 887:

under its direct control. The numbered divisions were organised so that on mobilisation they could deploy a complete

578:), and the Punjab (including the North-West Frontier and the Punjab Frontier Force). Each was under the command of a 2174:. The title was used before the creation of a unified British Indian Army; the first reported holder was then-Major 7069: 7064: 7057: 6680: 6650: 5755: 5720: 5497: 1414: 978: 7444: 7254: 7079: 7015: 6988: 6234: 5926: 5725: 5669: 4133: 2597: 2249: 1781: 1510: 1045: 539: 421: 386: 251: 140: 1137:

and war plans, and intelligence and the conduct of operations. The Chiefs of the staff branches answered to the

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The Boxer Rebellion: The Dramatic Story of China's War on Foreigners That Shook the World in the Summer of 1900

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Under the compromise adopted in 1905, the four existing commands were reduced to three, and together with Army

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Commissioned officers, British and Indian, held identical ranks to commissioned officers of the British Army.

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in 1947, the formations, units, assets, and indigenous personnel of the Indian Army were divided between the

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The Indian Army Act 1911 legislated the replacement of the Indian Articles of War 1869. It was passed by the

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Recruitment was entirely voluntary; about 1.75 million men served in the First World War, many on the

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By the early 1900s the three previous separate army staffs had been amalgamated into Headquarters, India (

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of 1857, also called the Sepoy Mutiny by the British, the three armies of the former Presidencies of the

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The meaning of the term Indian Army changed over time, initially as an informal collective term for the

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was then created to deal with overall military policy, supervision of training in peacetime, conduct of

1044:, painted by Maj. A. C. Lovett. The regiment served in France during the First World War, including the 7567: 7503: 7040: 7008: 6929: 6408: 6269: 6191: 6060: 6045: 6008: 5895: 5790: 5750: 5507: 5476: 5385: 5063: 5018: 2946: 2155: 1933: 1754: 4980: 2810:

The end of British rule in India...spelled the end of the existing Indian Army and its administration.

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regiments in the British Indian Army. Four Gurkha regiments, recruited from both eastern and western

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The partition reduced the ethnic imbalance of the British Indian Army, which became the present-day

1457:. The ITF was created by the Indian Territorial Force Act 1920 to replace the Indian section of the 785:

commands on the main axes through the North-West Frontier. Five divisions were to be grouped on the

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Barua, Pradeep (1997). "Strategies and Doctrines of Imperial Defence: Britain and India, 1919–45".

2661: 2649: 2422: 1925:(SEAC) in August 1943, some American and Chinese units were placed under British military command. 1563: 1446: 1340: 1221: 817: 591: 587: 466: 454: 359: 3413: 3297:

The Political System of British India: With Special Reference to the Recent Constitutional Changes

3133: 7540: 7133: 7121: 7091: 6753: 6700: 6474: 6244: 6196: 6087: 6050: 6040: 6035: 5780: 5705: 5629: 5105: 3301: 2657: 2653: 1922: 1786: 1494: 1466: 1450: 1374: 1091: 865: 845: 821: 813: 667: 663: 658:, among other Indian units, all served during the Rebellion. Numerous Indian soldiers earned the 599: 595: 310: 3476: 2797: 2198:

was used to describe the combined forces of both the Indian Army and the British Army in India.

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Cohen, Stephen P. (May 1969). "The Untouchable Soldier: Caste, Politics, and the Indian Army".

4141:. Centre for Armed Forces Historical Research, United Service Institution of India. p. 40. 3971: 3348:"Military Loyalty in the Colonial Context: A Case Study of the Indian Army during World War II" 2608: 2592: 2344: 2340: 2306: 1971: 1771: 1734: 1539: 1442: 1386: 1064: 1010: 906: 873: 659: 516: 185: 181: 4838:

The Military in British India: The Development of British Land Forces in South Asia, 1600–1947

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Guide to the records of the India Office Military Department, India Office Library and Records

7449: 7322: 7307: 7176: 7153: 6871: 6721: 6645: 6597: 6587: 6176: 6124: 6109: 5550: 5471: 5400: 5395: 5188: 5153: 5095: 5011: 2582: 2545: 2384: 2245: 2216: 2205: 1883: 1514: 1356: 1328:, then badly injured, reinvested lost trenches. For his gallantry he received the second VC. 1309: 1130: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1029: 1014: 869: 849: 829: 711: 497: 394: 290: 255: 2726: 1855:

The Germans and Japanese were relatively successful in recruiting combat forces from Indian

816:, arranged in ten standing divisions and four independent brigades. The commands comprised: 7234: 6969: 6907: 6876: 6866: 6826: 6821: 6560: 6499: 6353: 6146: 6129: 5606: 3862: 3858: 3472: 3322: 3010: 2793: 2722: 2541: 2368: 1992: 1952:

Indian Army soldiers pass the saluting base in the Delhi Victory Week Parade, 7 March 1946.

1864: 1828: 1687: 1458: 1300: 1150: 970: 857: 770: 635: 505: 435:. Independent India would, however, retain "much of the organizing framework" of the army. 425: 769:

for most of the major cities. The reformed Indian Army was to be stationed in operational

8: 7525: 7518: 7513: 7312: 7249: 7239: 7035: 7003: 6974: 6368: 6323: 6287: 6206: 6013: 5990: 5763: 5586: 5267: 2146: 1941: 1879: 1868: 1805: 1795: 1744: 1398: 1344: 1336: 1321: 1118: 1006: 853: 778: 774: 639: 520: 512: 4757: 929: 7469: 7454: 7421: 7371: 7334: 7111: 7074: 6944: 6851: 6806: 6801: 6640: 6625: 6604: 6534: 6509: 6454: 6343: 6338: 6333: 6030: 5530: 5405: 5375: 5328: 5295: 5110: 4737: 4497: 4382: 3605:. Vol. VIII. Government of India: Bureau of Public Information. 1941. p. 382. 3316: 2847: 2426: 1984: 1749: 1524: 1430: 1169: 1142: 1114: 1106: 1060: 1024: 942: 655: 579: 528: 501: 485: 474: 390: 378: 62: 4990: 3695:"Eight-Nation Alliance Bronze China War Medal (Full Size, With Relief of Pekin Clasp)" 2320: 1848:

awarded to the British Indian Army, at least 13 were awarded to native officers (See:

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In the First World War the Indian Army saw extensive active service, including on the

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Particularly notable contributions of the Indian Army during that conflict were the:

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was abolished, and thereafter officers were simply appointed to 'the Indian Army.' A

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being driven past cheering Indian troops on his way to a ceremony to invest Sepoy

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but stayed numberless. The new regimental numbering and namings were notified in

1087: 1001: 841: 687: 603: 575: 328: 205: 189: 171: 4164: 7562: 7530: 7476: 7426: 7416: 7317: 7138: 7020: 6796: 5931: 5659: 5649: 5461: 5370: 5323: 5318: 5290: 5247: 5242: 5178: 3270: 2690: 2485: 2450: 2403: 2388: 2372: 2290: 2140: 1837: 1810: 1718: 1710: 1205: 1183:. It was under aspects of this law that the Army charged defendants during the 1146: 923: 884: 651: 647: 643: 543: 324: 306: 282: 193: 109: 104: 4733: 4712: 4620:

Bolo Whistler: the life of General Sir Lashmer Whistler: a study in leadership

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The Victorians at war, 1815–1914: an encyclopaedia of British military history

3701:(in Chinese (Taiwan) and English). Legends Museum. 20 May 2024. Archived from 7592: 7464: 7327: 7052: 6570: 6529: 5857: 5813: 5710: 5285: 5224: 5193: 5173: 5168: 4378: 4363:"Culture and Combat in the Colonies: The Indian Army In the Second World War" 3363: 3249: 2925: 2457: 2430: 2407: 2286: 2132: 2071: 2055: 2020: 1996: 1317: 1217: 1110: 990: 896: 837: 833: 754: 567: 488:. Overall operational control was exercised by the Commander-in-Chief of the 302: 35: 4939:

Gurkhas at War in Their Own Words: The Gurkha Experience 1939 to the Present

4911:: Remembering the British-Indian Military Personnel of the Two World Wars”. 4627: 1086:

The Queen's Own Corps of Guides, Punjab Frontier Force, composed of cavalry

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Battle Honours of the British Empire and Commonwealth Land Forces 1662–1991

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Prior to this, the force was known as the "Army of the Government of India"

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had gone into the British army and were known to have rarely rebelled. The

2434: 2324: 2294: 2090: 2009: 1860: 1535: 1352: 1296: 1134: 1053: 861: 4971: 7481: 6685: 6300: 6295: 6023: 5840: 5823: 5715: 5343: 5310: 5252: 5234: 5198: 4887: 4882: 3231: 3052: 3006:"Behind the photographs: Indian Army Recruitment in the Second World War" 2907: 2829: 2759: 2433:. After the Mutiny, recruitment switched to what the British called the " 2121: 2117: 2113: 2016: 1694:

of the British Army, while continuing to manufacture and issue the older

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About 1.5 million Indian soldiers served during the First World War; the

351: 347: 343: 201: 91: 31: 2280:(KCIOs), created from the 1920s, held equal powers to British officers. 1968:. Nehru was a nationalist and opposed India's "divide and rule" policy. 1381:. About 21,000 were raised in the First World War, mainly consisting of 1232: 484:

The three Presidency armies remained separate forces, each with its own

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A Matter of Honour: An Account of the Indian Army, its Officers and Men

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and 2.5 million in the Second. Non-Commissioned Officers included

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on 15 August 1947, the army was reconstituted and divided between the

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Army and Nation: The Military and Indian Democracy Since Independence

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Army and Nation: The Military and Indian Democracy Since Independence

4080: 3412:. Force: National Security and Aerospace Newsmagazine. Archived from 3132:. Force: National Security and Aerospace Newsmagazine. Archived from 2209: 2098: 1914: 1714: 1519: 1394: 1237: 1225: 1018: 966: 470: 161: 5591: 4756: 1125:. Functions were divided along British lines into two branches; the 469:, often called the Indian Mutiny in British histories, when in 1858 7619:

Military units and formations of the British Empire in World War II

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British Military History – Including British Indian Army during WW2

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The Indian Army – The Garrison of British Imperial India, 1822–1922

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1914–1918 Online: International Encyclopedia of the First World War

2874:

1914–1918 Online: International Encyclopedia of the First World War

2509: 2501: 2465: 2461: 2376: 2364: 2360: 2356: 2302: 2054:

The armies of the East India Company were recruited primarily from

1961: 1691: 1543: 1498: 1260: 790: 766: 762: 741:

Indian Army soldiers, including men from the 3rd Sikh regiment and

721:

The principles underlying the reforms were that the defence of the

699: 4055: 2825:

Army of Empire: The Untold Story of the Indian Army in World War I

2715:"King's Colour, 2nd Battalion, 17th Dogra Regiment, 1926-1947 (c)" 2027:, which was created from the Pakistan Army on the independence of 1913:

During the later stages of the Second World War, from the fall of

397:

as a major logistical base for Allied operations in World War II.

4916: 4453:

Sons of John Company – The Indian & Pakistan Armies 1903–1991

2505: 2489: 2477: 2446: 2310: 2298: 2102: 1918: 1410: 1288: 1275:. By November 1918, the Indian Army rose in size to 573,000 men. 1117:

in war, distribution of forces for internal security or external

892: 786: 758: 524: 443: 5000:– talk by Rob Lyman on WWII Indian Army at We Have Ways Festival 4057:

Participants from the Indian subcontinent in the First World War

2236:

speaking areas. Prominent British Indian Army officers included

2158:. Left to right Subadars (Sikhs) and Gunners (Punjabi Musalman) 2023:

was mainly made up of soldiers from two of these provinces. The

5003: 3162:. Centre for Defence Careers. 21 September 2020. Archived from 2533: 2525: 2521: 2513: 2497: 2411: 2094: 2063: 2001: 1725:

Mediterranean, Middle East and African theatres of World War II

1406: 1390: 1284: 1154: 974: 806: 798: 731: 571: 478: 4976: 4415:

Gentlemen of the Raj: The Indian Army Officer Corps, 1817–1949

2046:

of the Punjab Frontier Force, illustration by Richard Simkin,

1956:

12 September 1946 the minister for external affairs in India,

753:

Lord Kitchener found the army scattered across the country in

511:

The Punjab Frontier Force was under the direct control of the

323:." The Indian Army was an important part of the forces of the 4157:"'Great in adversity': Indian prisoners of war in New Guinea" 3227:

India's War: World War II and the Making of Modern South Asia

2903:

India's War: World War II and the Making of Modern South Asia

2537: 2529: 2481: 2438: 2415: 2399: 2395: 2233: 2125: 2067: 2005: 1472:

After the First World War the British started the process of

1382: 938: 782: 563: 449: 4961:

Francis J Short. Stories from the British Indian Army (2015)

1129:, dealing with training, discipline, and personnel, and the 7181: 4020: 3925: 3923: 3851:"Two Sowars of the 15th Lancers (Cureton's Multanis), 1915" 3774: 3694: 2517: 2473: 2075: 1523:

Indian Army Sikh personnel in action during the successful

1461:. It was an all-volunteer force modelled after the British 802: 707: 706:, completed the unification of the three former Presidency 119: 4956:

Indian Voices of the Great War: Soldiers' Letters, 1914–18

4807: 3910: 3908: 3809: 3807: 3805: 3803: 3801: 3566: 3564: 2621:– having a similar function in the Netherlands East Indies 2600:, site of a monument commemorating the British Indian Army 1000:

The Gurkha Regiments had developed into their own Line of

4563:. Assistance by A. W. Alcock. Oxford: The Claredon Press. 4240: 3947: 1850:

South Asian Companions of the Distinguished Service Order

777:. The Commander-in-Chief's plan called for nine fighting 662:

with the "Relief of Pekin" clasp for contributing to the

263: 4228: 3920: 3676: 3647:

Joslin, E.C.; Litherland, A. R.; Simpkin, B. T. (1988).

3515: 3491: 500:

recommended the abolition of the presidency armies. The

4812:. New Delhi: Oxford University Press. pp. 98–124. 4658:. Illustrated by Mike Chappell. UK: Osprey Publishing. 4339: 4050: 4048: 3935: 3905: 3798: 3786: 3646: 3561: 3532: 3530: 465:

The Indian Army has its origins in the years after the

65:

by Indian regiments. A central emblem denoted each unit

4810:

The British Raj and its Indian Armed Forces, 1857–1939

4302: 4171: 3583: 3581: 3579: 3551: 3549: 3547: 3545: 1445:

of 1919. In the aftermath of the First World War, the

6230:

Bureau of Police Research and Development (BPR&D)

4886: 4488:

Ilbert, Courtenay (1 January 1913). "British India".

3869: 730:

was for the army a secondary role, in support of the

7609:

Military units and formations disestablished in 1947

4639:. Jouve, France: Orion Publishing Group. p. 9. 4327: 4045: 3893: 3831: 3730:. Devon, UK: Token Publishing Limited. p. 166. 3527: 3503: 3071: 2548:, treated the British Army as a replacement for the 2097:), who are a distinguished race among the Khiteree ( 1373:

Also serving in the First World War were so-called "

1032:. Illustration by Maj. A. C. Lovett, published 1911. 389:, and the Indian Army was recognized as the largest 4915:. Eds. Sarkar, A.K., K. Chakraborty, and M. Dutta. 4856:

The Indian Army 1939–47: Experience and Development

4150: 4148: 4113: 3881: 3819: 3576: 3542: 2078:. This later expanded into the armies of the three 1975:Contingent of infantry from the Indian Army at the 1662:(later converted to an all-British formation), and 6078:Governors, Lieutenant Governors and Administrators 4894:(revised ed.). London: Wm. H. Allen & Co. 1682:), and one airborne division, also designated the 1153:was established in 1905, and permanently based at 408:. The Indian Army should not be confused with the 7604:Military units and formations established in 1857 4901:The Sepoy and the Raj: The Indian Army, 1860–1940 4490:Journal of the Society of Comparative Legislation 4396:Afghan Wars and the North-West Frontier 1839–1947 4322:Stringer Lawrence, the Father of the Indian Army, 4078:"Indian Auxiliary Forces: A Territorial Scheme". 4008: 2228:higher placed officer-cadets graduating from the 2166:The officer commanding the Army of India was the 2135:, with the aim of reinstating the Mughal Emperor 1842:List of Victoria Cross Recipients by Nationality' 431:, with the process overseen by Field Marshal Sir 7590: 4283: 4209: 4145: 4135:Last Post: Indian War Memorials Around the World 1312:. In October/November 1914, the Baluchis of the 864:, located in Aden in the Arabian Peninsula; and 473:took over direct rule of British India from the 4913:Modernity of India: Ambiguities and Deformities 4509:Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume IV (1908). 4469: 4026: 1417:). These forces played a prominent role in the 400:The force is also sometimes referred to as the 327:, in India and abroad, particularly during the 4829:Soldiers of the Raj, The Indian Army 1600–1947 4436:(2nd ed.). USA: Oxford University Press. 4258: 3428: 2031:, retain many British Indian Army traditions. 1067:batteries were attached to the divisions. The 949: 718:and other local forces, into one Indian Army. 582:, who answered directly to the C-in-C, India. 381:, among other regions. Eleven Indian soldiers 7624:Military history of India during World War II 5019: 4847:Sahib the British Soldier in India, 1750–1914 3683:. London: Stanley Paul & Co. p. 248. 2128:) units; this arrangement lasted until 1902. 1832:Sikh soldier with captured Nazi Swastika flag 1439:Entente intervention in the Russian Civil War 1121:, plans for future operations and collecting 301:, it was responsible for the defence of both 297:in 1947. Formed in 1895 by uniting the three 4854:Rose, Patrick (2017). Jeffreys, Alan (ed.). 4701:Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 1209:Punjabi Muslim soldiers, France, World War I 4483:. Newton Abbot, Devon: David & Charles. 4263:. Cambridge University Press. p. 277. 3443:Press Information Bureau of India – Archive 2938: 2821: 2573:List of regiments of the Indian Army (1903) 2080:Presidencies and provinces of British India 1490:List of regiments of the Indian Army (1922) 1465:. The European parallel to the ITF was the 993:, and the 1st Bombay Grenadiers became the 956:List of regiments of the Indian Army (1903) 5026: 5012: 4788: 1424: 51: 6240:Directorate of Revenue Intelligence (DRI) 6120:Fundamental rights, principles and duties 4937:Cross, J. P., and Buddhiman Gurung, eds. 4835: 4826: 4634: 4478: 4308: 3941: 3929: 3914: 3813: 3570: 3521: 1921:in early 1942 until the formation of the 1894:who mentions in his memoirs that Captain 1220:inspecting Indian troops attached to the 694:The Kitchener reforms began in 1903 when 508:, and Pay branches were by then unified. 385:in the war. During the Second World War, 6182:Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) 4538:The Indian army and the making of Punjab 4535: 4431: 4393: 4345: 4333: 4288:. Harvard University Press. p. 11. 3792: 3780: 3223: 2899: 2578:List of Indian Victoria Cross recipients 2319: 2259: 2145: 2038: 1970: 1947: 1932: 1928: 1873: 1827: 1705: 1530: 1518: 1243: 1231: 1212: 1204: 1035: 1023: 928: 901: 743:1st Sikh Infantry, Punjab Frontier Force 736: 677: 533: 442: 420:(British units sent to India). With the 34:. For the current army of Pakistan, see 7281: 5184:Achaemenid conquest of the Indus Valley 4827:Guy, Alan J.; Boyden, Peter B. (1997). 4769: 4765:. London: John Murray. pp. 663–81. 4581:. Stroud, Gloucestershire: Spellmount. 4526: 4517: 4513:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 552. 4360: 4246: 4234: 4214:. Harvard University Press. p. 1. 4177: 4038:Lastpost, p. 19 and Crampton McKenzie, 3615: 3536: 3262: 3187: 2866: 2682: 1096:Queen's Own Corps of Guides (Lumsden's) 393:in history to that point. India itself 82: 14: 7591: 6470:Securities and Exchange Board of India 5577:National Geological Monuments of India 4898: 4881: 4751: 4653: 4576: 4558: 4487: 4450: 4261:The Indian Army and the End of the Raj 3965: 3953: 3899: 3875: 3837: 3825: 3587: 3555: 3509: 3436:"Reconstitution of the Armed Services" 3314: 3077: 3039: 3037: 3035: 3033: 2131:Many of these troops took part in the 1690:(VB) light machine gun instead of the 1332:they were repulsed by Ottoman forces. 1176:, and lead to further reorganisation. 7280: 6394: 6270:Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW) 6235:Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) 5976: 5528: 5043: 5007: 4872: 4719: 4698: 4672: 4614: 4595: 4567: 4412: 4131: 4119: 4094: 4014: 3887: 3672: 3670: 3497: 3380:The Indian Army in the Two World Wars 3293: 3219: 3217: 3183: 3181: 3088: 3086: 2266:Queen's Own Madras Sappers and Miners 2184:Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Army 1480:, and were given full commissions as 1429:Elements of the Army operated around 989:, the 1st Madras Pioneers became the 773:and concentrated in the north of the 7629:1857 establishments in British India 4853: 4793:. India Office Library and Records. 4455:. Tunbridge Wells, Kent: Parapress. 2968: 2966: 2942:The Indian Army on the Western Front 2746: 2744: 2293:(Cavalry), equivalents to a British 673: 152:(Total serving during each conflict) 6265:National Investigation Agency (NIA) 6187:Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) 5876:Autonomous administrative divisions 4154: 3723: 3376: 3345: 3092: 3030: 2402:(Cavalry), equivalent to a British 2375:(Cavalry) equivalents to a British 2278:King's Commissioned Indian Officers 1504: 1482:King's Commissioned Indian Officers 1377:", provided by the semi-autonomous 765:strength, and in effect, providing 24: 6255:Joint Intelligence Committee (JIC) 4931: 4844: 4692: 4434:Oxford History of the British Army 3667: 3465:"Independence and Partition, 1947" 3214: 3178: 3083: 2786:"Independence and Partition, 1947" 2619:Royal Netherlands East Indies Army 2614:Indian Military Historical Society 2588:Indian Distinguished Service Medal 2568:Chief of the General Staff (India) 1194: 1191:after partition and independence. 1083:in their respective presidencies. 309:, which could also have their own 25: 7645: 7634:India–Pakistan military relations 6450:Ministry of Commerce and Industry 6192:Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) 5477:Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF) 4965: 4772:The British Indian Army 1860–1914 3677:William Augustus Steward (1915). 3407: 3160:www.centrefordefencecareers.co.in 3127: 2963: 2741: 2230:Royal Military College, Sandhurst 1867:(INA). Indian nationalist leader 1859:. These forces were known as the 1501:which was established that year. 1478:Royal Military College, Sandhurst 1441:. The army then took part in the 1236:The 15th Sikh Regiment arrive in 1042:15th Lancers (Cureton's Multanis) 670:from June 10 to August 14, 1900. 5033: 3966:Watson, Graham (25 March 2001). 2110:armies of the three presidencies 1415:Imperial Service Cavalry Brigade 1351:. Furthermore, it fought in the 1187:in 1945. It was replaced by the 797:axis, and four divisions on the 387:some 2.5 million soldiers served 103: 84: 5493:History of India (1947–present) 4831:. National Army Museum Chelsea. 4561:The Imperial Gazetteer of India 4367:Journal of Contemporary History 4354: 4314: 4277: 4252: 4203: 4183: 4125: 4088: 4071: 4032: 3986: 3959: 3843: 3758:. Online Medals. Archived from 3744: 3717: 3687: 3640: 3609: 3593: 3457: 3401: 3370: 3352:The Journal of Military History 3339: 3308: 3287: 3256: 3148: 3121: 2998: 2642: 2633: 2598:Observatory Ridge, Johannesburg 2349:Company Quartermaster Havildars 2282:Viceroy's Commissioned Officers 2034: 1902:became the founder of the INA. 1878:Soldiers of the 2nd Battalion, 1511:Indian Army during World War II 879:Army Headquarters retained the 422:partition of India and Pakistan 289:was the main military force of 214:Waziristan campaign (1936–1939) 210:Waziristan campaign (1919–1920) 6260:Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB) 6212:Special Protection Group (SPG) 6202:Railway Protection Force (RPF) 4840:. Manchester University Press. 4600:. Marlborough: Crowood Press. 4470:Haythornthwaite, P.J. (1992). 4199:. 22 February 1946. p. 9. 3653:. London: Spink. p. 209. 3266:The Flags of our Fighting Army 2932: 2893: 2860: 2815: 2778: 2707: 2686:The Flags of our Fighting Army 2676: 2353:Company Quartermaster Sergeant 1263:, during the winter of 1914–15 1201:Indian Army during World War I 1069:Indian Army Corps of Engineers 960:Gurkha Rifles (disambiguation) 13: 1: 7355:Engineering colleges in India 6984:Electronics and semiconductor 6197:National Security Guard (NSG) 5941:World Heritage Sites in India 5529: 4511:Indian Empire: Administrative 4361:Barkawi, Tarak (April 2006). 3410:"A Matter of Military Honour" 3156:"Commands Of The Indian Army" 3130:"A Matter of Military Honour" 2852:: CS1 maint: date and year ( 2670: 2406:. British Army ranks such as 2269: 2170:who reported to the civilian 2159: 2047: 1777:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran 1574:in the Middle East in 1942), 1324:under the leadership of Naik 1314:129th Duke of Connaught's Own 1267:Prior to the outbreak of the 979:2nd Lancers (Gardner's Horse) 746: 458: 356:Presidencies of British India 144: 133: 6245:Enforcement Directorate (ED) 6066:State legislative assemblies 5977: 5906:States and union territories 5615:Biogeographic classification 4789:Farrington, Anthony (1982). 4722:The Journal of Asian Studies 4472:The World War One Sourcebook 3680:War Medals and Their History 3650:British Battles & Medals 3263:Johnson, Stanley C. (1918). 2939:Morton-Jack, George (2015). 2822:Morton-Jack, George (2018). 2683:Johnson, Stanley C. (1918). 2255: 2044:No. 1 Kohat Mountain Battery 1898:, who surrendered after the 1846:Distinguished Service Orders 1419:Sinai and Palestine Campaign 1349:Sinai and Palestine Campaign 1293:Indian Expeditionary Force A 562:: Bengal, Madras (including 7: 7412:Water supply and sanitation 6395: 6177:Border Security Force (BSF) 5922:National monuments of India 5044: 4889:Advice to Officers in India 4858:(1st ed.). Routledge. 4677:. New York: Galahad Books. 4536:Mazumder, Rajit K. (2003). 4531:. London: Guild Publishing. 4195:. Vol. XI. New Delhi: 3968:"The Indian Army 1914 v. 1" 3294:Horne, Erie Arthur (1922). 3190:"Warfare 1914-1918 (India)" 2869:"Warfare 1914-1918 (India)" 2555: 2387:(Cavalry) equivalents to a 2363:(Cavalry) equivalents to a 2208:) which by 1922 had become 1760:Second Battle of El Alamein 1273:9th (Secunderabad) Division 1185:Indian National Army Trials 1141:, whose post was held by a 1071:was formed by the Group of 950:Redesignating the regiments 935:52nd Sikhs (Frontier Force) 881:9th (Secunderabad) Division 632:30th Bombay Native Infantry 367:Indian Expeditionary Forces 316:Imperial Gazetteer of India 198:British expedition to Tibet 10: 7650: 7614:History of the Indian Army 6465:Central Statistical Office 6071:State legislative councils 6046:Union Council of Ministers 4941:(London: Greenhill, 2002), 4763:The Empire and the century 4635:Spilsbury, Julian (2007). 4394:Barthorp, Michael (2002). 4099:. Blandford. p. 162. 3377:Roy, Kaushik, ed. (2011). 3224:Raghavan, Srinath (2016). 3045:"History of South Command" 2947:Cambridge University Press 2900:Raghavan, Srinath (2016). 2752:"History of South Command" 2222: 2156:RML 7-pounder mountain gun 2058:Hindus and Muslims in the 1755:First Battle of El Alamein 1508: 1198: 1145:. To provide training for 1139:Chief of the General Staff 953: 620:3rd Madras Native Infantry 438: 285:, also referred to as the 29: 7599:Military of British India 7435: 7345:Medical colleges in India 7300: 7296: 7276: 7195: 7164: 6900: 6769: 6709: 6661: 6613: 6543: 6495:Foreign exchange reserves 6490:Foreign direct investment 6460:Economic Advisory Council 6430: 6407: 6403: 6390: 6314: 6286: 6220: 6207:Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB) 6169: 6160: 6105: 6096: 5989: 5985: 5972: 5914: 5866: 5804: 5693: 5605: 5587:Sacred mountains of India 5569: 5541: 5537: 5524: 5485: 5414: 5309: 5276: 5233: 5212: 5159:Indus Valley Civilisation 5144: 5056: 5052: 5039: 4977:The Indian Army 1900–1939 4919:: Setu Prakashani, 2014 ( 4909:Black Peepers who charged 4836:Heathcote, T. A. (1995). 4734:10.1017/s0021911800092779 4713:10.1080/03086539708583000 4656:The Indian Army 1914-1947 4596:Roger, Alexander (2003). 4568:Raugh, Harold E. (2004). 4518:Jackson, Donovan (1940). 4479:Heathcote, T. A. (1974). 4417:. Westport, CT: Praegar. 4284:Steven Wilkinson (2015). 4210:Steven Wilkinson (2015). 4132:China, Rana T.S. (2014). 3626:. pp. 209, 239–240. 3624:Bloomsbury Publishing USA 3103:Stanford University Press 2563:Commander-in-Chief, India 2305:(Cavalry) equivalents to 2172:Governor-General of India 2168:Commander-in-Chief, India 1882:about to go on patrol in 1257:2nd Rajput Light Infantry 1105:In 1903 the title of the 1013:Irregular Forces and the 868:, which consisted of the 848:, which consisted of the 826:2nd (Rawalpindi) Division 820:, which consisted of the 704:Commander-in-Chief, India 684:Bombay Sappers and Miners 402:Army of the Indian Empire 358:, particularly after the 233: 228: 177: 167: 157: 125: 115: 98: 78: 70: 50: 45: 6631:Multi Commodity Exchange 6250:Intelligence Bureau (IB) 4474:. Arms and Armour Press. 4432:Chandler, David (2002). 4379:10.1177/0022009406062071 3724:Mussell, John W. (ed.). 2626: 2421:In the aftermath of the 2154:) Mountain Battery with 2143:to quell the rebellion. 1977:Victory Parade in London 1447:Indian Territorial Force 1341:Battle of Neuve Chapelle 1222:Royal Garrison Artillery 1102:, dated 2 October 1903. 467:Indian Rebellion of 1857 455:6th Madras Light Cavalry 360:Indian Rebellion of 1857 74:1 April 1895–15 Aug 1947 27:1895–1947 military force 6475:Enforcement Directorate 5936:Indian-origin religions 5927:National parks of India 5736:Highest point by states 5498:Economic liberalisation 4770:Duckers, Peter (2003). 4758:"The Indian Army" 4747:(subscription required) 4675:World War II Small Arms 4527:Lapping, Brian (1985). 4413:Barua, Pradeep (2003). 4259:Daniel Marston (2014). 4161:Australian War Memorial 3996:. The National Archives 3727:The Medal Yearbook 2014 3616:Preston, Diana (2000). 3302:Oxford University Press 2974:"Indian Army personnel" 2394:Soldier ranks included 2341:Company Havildar Majors 1923:South East Asia Command 1787:Battle of Monte Cassino 1550:At the outbreak of the 1546:, Burma, 29 March 1945. 1495:Indian Military Academy 1467:Auxiliary Force (India) 1451:Auxiliary Force (India) 1425:Interbellum (1918–1939) 1375:Imperial Service Troops 1189:"Indian Army Act, 1950" 822:1st (Peshawar) Division 668:International Legations 7445:Arts and entertainment 7080:Science and technology 7016:Information technology 6696:Government initiatives 5592:Sacred rivers of India 5582:Sacred groves of India 5136:Science and technology 4899:Omissi, David (1994). 4873:Mason, Philip (1974). 4577:Robson, Brian (2007). 4522:. London: Sampson Low. 4060:, Memorial Gates Trust 3756:www.onlinemedals.co.uk 3752:"China War Medal 1900" 2945:. South Asia Edition. 2609:Royal Indian Air Force 2593:Order of British India 2546:Second Anglo-Sikh Wars 2345:Company Sergeant Major 2332: 2273: 2163: 2051: 1980: 1953: 1945: 1887: 1833: 1772:Syria-Lebanon campaign 1735:North African campaign 1722: 1547: 1540:9th Royal Deccan Horse 1528: 1443:Third Anglo-Afghan War 1343:, participated in the 1264: 1241: 1229: 1210: 1065:Royal Indian Artillery 1049: 1046:1914 Winter Operations 1033: 1030:3rd Sappers and Miners 946: 914: 874:8th (Lucknow) Division 750: 691: 547: 462: 383:won the Victoria Cross 186:First Mohmand Campaign 182:Third Anglo-Afghan War 7402:Socio-economic issues 7350:Law colleges in India 7340:Universities in India 6588:Reserve Bank of India 5391:Independence movement 5189:Indo-Parthian Kingdom 4996:24 March 2023 at the 4954:Omissi, David E. ed. 4451:Gaylor, John (1996). 4197:All India Radio (AIR) 4095:Mollo, Boris (2009). 4042:vol. 1, p. 31, note 4 3865:on 20 September 2024. 3346:Roy, Kaushik (2009). 3315:Keegan, John (1983). 3188:Morton-Jack, George. 2982:. n.d. Archived from 2979:The National Archives 2867:Morton-Jack, George. 2583:Indian Order of Merit 2385:Acting Lance-Daffadar 2323: 2263: 2246:Sir Claude Auchinleck 2217:1922 New Year Honours 2206:1906 Birthday Honours 2192:British Army in India 2149: 2062:, which consisted of 2042: 1974: 1966:India's new democracy 1951: 1936: 1929:Post Second World War 1877: 1831: 1730:East African campaign 1721:, Italy, 26 July 1944 1709: 1534: 1522: 1515:India in World War II 1357:Mesopotamian Campaign 1310:First Battle of Ypres 1247: 1235: 1216: 1208: 1160:With no intermediate 1131:Quartermaster-General 1039: 1027: 932: 905: 870:7th (Meerut) Division 850:4th (Quetta) Division 830:3rd (Lahore) Division 740: 712:Punjab Frontier Force 682:No. 2 Company of the 681: 566:), Bombay (including 537: 498:Commission of Enquiry 447:A painting showing a 446: 418:British Army in India 295:national independence 256:Sir Claude Auchinleck 6676:Economic development 6520:Voluntary guidelines 6515:Industrial licensing 5645:Environmental issues 5427:Non-Aligned Movement 5204:Seleucid–Mauryan war 4903:. London: Macmillan. 4673:Weeks, John (1979). 4654:Sumner, Ian (2001). 4373:(2). Sage: 325–355. 4027:Haythornthwaite 1992 3859:National Army Museum 3855:collection.nam.ac.uk 3762:on 22 September 2021 3705:on 18 September 2024 3473:National Army Museum 3323:Macmillan Publishers 3273:. pp. 115–118. 3011:Imperial War Museums 2794:National Army Museum 2729:on 16 September 2024 2723:National Army Museum 2719:collection.nam.ac.uk 2693:. pp. 115–118. 1993:Dominion of Pakistan 1865:Indian National Army 1459:Indian Defence Force 1359:, and campaigned in 1301:Indian Cavalry Corps 1151:Indian Staff College 1100:India Army Order 181 971:infantry of the line 858:6th (Poona) Division 716:Hyderabad Contingent 660:China War Medal 1900 636:24th Punjab Infantry 550:Two years later the 506:Supply and Transport 406:Imperial Indian Army 287:British Indian Army, 248:Sir William Birdwood 6438:Ministry of Finance 5442:Indo-Pakistani wars 5386:Partition of Bengal 4983:5 July 2019 at the 4927:). pp. 181–96. 4753:Collen, Edwin H. H. 4324:J. Murray, 1901, 7. 4192:The Indian Listener 4167:on 14 January 2008. 3974:on 9 September 2009 3956:, pp. 327–333. 3783:, pp. 142–143. 3500:, pp. 173–179. 3479:on 7 September 2024 3095:"Faithful Fighters" 3059:on 16 December 2010 3018:on 27 February 2024 2800:on 7 September 2024 2766:on 16 December 2010 2648:The commands were: 2414:were used by other 2351:, equivalents to a 1983:As a result of the 1944:at Singapore, 1945. 1942:17th Dogra Regiment 1880:7th Rajput Regiment 1869:Subhas Chandra Bose 1806:Battle of Singapore 1796:Battle of Hong Kong 1745:Operation Battleaxe 1582:. Furthermore, the 1576:Indian XXXIII Corps 1399:Bikaner Camel Corps 1345:Battle of Gallipoli 1322:39th Garhwal Rifles 1170:Supporting services 911:North West Frontier 854:5th (Mhow) Division 723:North-West Frontier 640:1st Madras Pioneers 513:Lieutenant-Governor 379:Gallipoli peninsula 313:. As stated in the 222:North-West Frontier 18:British Indian army 7407:Standard of living 7097:Telecommunications 6614:Financial services 6535:Atmanirbhar Bharat 6455:Finance Commission 5620:Biosphere reserves 5376:Bengal Renaissance 5364:Commander-in-Chief 5329:East India Company 4949:Bugles and a Tiger 4622:. London: Muller. 4398:. London: Cassel. 4249:, pp. 79, 82. 3699:www.legends.com.tw 3602:Indian Information 3093:Imy, Kate (2019). 2427:East India Company 2333: 2274: 2164: 2052: 1985:Partition of India 1981: 1954: 1946: 1917:and the ending of 1888: 1844:). Out of the 252 1840:(See: Indians in ' 1834: 1750:Operation Crusader 1723: 1580:Indian XXXIV Corps 1548: 1529: 1525:Operation Crusader 1431:Mary, Turkmenistan 1265: 1242: 1230: 1211: 1143:Lieutenant-General 1107:Indian Staff Corps 1094:, was renamed the 1061:mountain artillery 1050: 1034: 947: 943:regimental colours 933:Flag party of the 915: 751: 702:, newly appointed 692: 656:1st Bengal Lancers 580:lieutenant general 548: 529:Indian Staff Corps 486:Commander-in-Chief 475:East India Company 463: 7586: 7585: 7582: 7581: 7578: 7577: 7272: 7271: 7268: 7267: 6817:Jammu and Kashmir 6443:Finance ministers 6386: 6385: 6382: 6381: 6374:Women in politics 6349:Political parties 6282: 6281: 6278: 6277: 6088:Chief Secretaries 6061:State governments 6056:Cabinet Secretary 6009:Foreign relations 5968: 5967: 5964: 5963: 5520: 5519: 5516: 5515: 5508:COVID-19 pandemic 5381:Political reforms 4925:978-93-80677-68-2 4845:Holmes, Richard. 4800:978-0-903359-30-6 4781:978-0-7478-0550-2 4637:The Indian Mutiny 4588:978-1-86227-416-7 4579:The Road to Kabul 4237:, pp. 75–76. 4106:978-0-7137-1074-8 4084:. 1 October 1920. 3737:978-1-908828-10-1 3660:978-0-907605-25-6 3633:978-0-8027-1361-2 3394:978-90-04-18550-0 3332:978-0-333-34079-0 3241:978-0-465-03022-4 3202:on 29 August 2024 3049:indianarmy.nic.in 2956:978-1-107-11765-5 2917:978-0-465-03022-4 2881:on 29 August 2024 2839:978-0-465-09407-3 2756:indianarmy.nic.in 2604:Royal Indian Navy 2343:equivalents to a 2331:, published 1918. 2176:Stringer Lawrence 2060:Bengal Presidency 2008:, would join the 1989:Dominion of India 1740:Operation Compass 1696:SMLE No. 1 Mk III 1542:, on the road to 1339:, notably in the 1326:Darwan Singh Negi 1228:, 2 December 1918 909:at a fort in the 889:infantry division 728:internal security 674:Kitchener reforms 546:, published 1891. 494:Second Afghan War 433:Claude Auchinleck 369:were deployed to 299:Presidency Armies 272: 271: 260:Sir Edward Quinan 16:(Redirected from 7641: 7541:Physical culture 7362:Ethnic relations 7298: 7297: 7278: 7277: 7260:Mumbai Consensus 6812:Himachal Pradesh 6701:Numbering system 6691:Green revolution 6566:Historical Forex 6405: 6404: 6392: 6391: 6364:Scheduled groups 6167: 6166: 6103: 6102: 5987: 5986: 5974: 5973: 5956:Tourism in India 5951:History of India 5946:Culture of India 5556:Geology of India 5539: 5538: 5526: 5525: 5457:Naxal Insurgency 5452:White Revolution 5447:Green Revolution 5054: 5053: 5041: 5040: 5028: 5021: 5014: 5005: 5004: 4904: 4895: 4893: 4878: 4869: 4850: 4841: 4832: 4823: 4804: 4785: 4766: 4760: 4748: 4745: 4716: 4688: 4669: 4650: 4631: 4611: 4592: 4573: 4564: 4555: 4540:. Delhi, India: 4532: 4523: 4514: 4505: 4484: 4475: 4466: 4447: 4428: 4409: 4390: 4349: 4343: 4337: 4331: 4325: 4318: 4312: 4306: 4300: 4299: 4281: 4275: 4274: 4256: 4250: 4244: 4238: 4232: 4226: 4225: 4207: 4201: 4200: 4187: 4181: 4175: 4169: 4168: 4163:. Archived from 4155:Stanley, Peter. 4152: 4143: 4142: 4140: 4129: 4123: 4117: 4111: 4110: 4092: 4086: 4085: 4075: 4069: 4068: 4067: 4065: 4052: 4043: 4036: 4030: 4024: 4018: 4012: 4006: 4005: 4003: 4001: 3990: 3984: 3983: 3981: 3979: 3970:. Archived from 3963: 3957: 3951: 3945: 3939: 3933: 3927: 3918: 3912: 3903: 3897: 3891: 3885: 3879: 3873: 3867: 3866: 3861:. Archived from 3847: 3841: 3835: 3829: 3823: 3817: 3811: 3796: 3790: 3784: 3778: 3772: 3771: 3769: 3767: 3748: 3742: 3741: 3721: 3715: 3714: 3712: 3710: 3691: 3685: 3684: 3674: 3665: 3664: 3644: 3638: 3637: 3613: 3607: 3606: 3597: 3591: 3585: 3574: 3568: 3559: 3553: 3540: 3534: 3525: 3519: 3513: 3507: 3501: 3495: 3489: 3488: 3486: 3484: 3475:. Archived from 3461: 3455: 3454: 3452: 3450: 3440: 3432: 3426: 3425: 3423: 3421: 3416:on 15 April 2024 3405: 3399: 3398: 3385:Brill Publishers 3374: 3368: 3367: 3343: 3337: 3336: 3312: 3306: 3305: 3291: 3285: 3284: 3260: 3254: 3253: 3221: 3212: 3211: 3209: 3207: 3198:. Archived from 3185: 3176: 3175: 3173: 3171: 3152: 3146: 3145: 3143: 3141: 3136:on 15 April 2024 3125: 3119: 3118: 3116: 3114: 3109:on 24 April 2024 3105:. Archived from 3090: 3081: 3075: 3069: 3068: 3066: 3064: 3055:. Archived from 3041: 3028: 3027: 3025: 3023: 3014:. Archived from 3002: 2996: 2995: 2993: 2991: 2970: 2961: 2960: 2936: 2930: 2929: 2897: 2891: 2890: 2888: 2886: 2877:. Archived from 2864: 2858: 2857: 2851: 2843: 2819: 2813: 2812: 2807: 2805: 2796:. Archived from 2782: 2776: 2775: 2773: 2771: 2762:. Archived from 2748: 2739: 2738: 2736: 2734: 2725:. Archived from 2711: 2705: 2704: 2680: 2664: 2662:Southern Command 2650:Northern Command 2646: 2640: 2637: 2550:Sikh Khalsa Army 2437:", particularly 2271: 2161: 2101:), or Brhamins ( 2091:Sir John Malcolm 2049: 1958:Jawaharlal Nehru 1938:Lord Mountbatten 1892:Fujiwara Iwaichi 1857:prisoners of war 1821:Battle of Imphal 1816:Battle of Kohima 1801:Battle of Malaya 1782:Italian campaign 1688:Vickers–Berthier 1568:Indian XXI Corps 1556:Indian III Corps 1552:Second World War 1527:in December 1941 1505:Second World War 1463:Territorial Army 1435:Malleson mission 1433:in 1918–19. See 1363:, including the 1181:Governor General 1166:volunteer troops 1162:chain of command 1127:Adjutant-General 1028:Soldiers of the 995:101st Grenadiers 818:Northern Command 748: 664:relief of Peking 650:, No. 4 Company 646:, No. 3 Company 642:, No. 2 Company 460: 412:, which was the 333:Second World War 267:William Lockhart 252:Sir William Slim 218:Second World War 153: 149: 148: 2,500,000 146: 138: 137: 1,500,000 135: 108: 107: 94: 90: 88: 87: 55: 43: 42: 21: 7649: 7648: 7644: 7643: 7642: 7640: 7639: 7638: 7589: 7588: 7587: 7574: 7546:Public holidays 7431: 7377:Life expectancy 7292: 7291: 7264: 7191: 7160: 7065:Pharmaceuticals 6896: 6765: 6705: 6671:COVID-19 impact 6657: 6609: 6539: 6426: 6399: 6378: 6310: 6274: 6216: 6156: 6152:District Courts 6092: 6083:Chief Ministers 5981: 5960: 5910: 5862: 5800: 5774:Western coastal 5769:Eastern coastal 5756:Mountain passes 5689: 5675:Protected areas 5601: 5597:Stones of India 5565: 5533: 5512: 5481: 5467:Space programme 5437:Sino-Indian War 5432:Five-Year Plans 5410: 5305: 5272: 5263:Delhi Sultanate 5229: 5220:Middle kingdoms 5213:Middle Kingdoms 5208: 5140: 5048: 5035: 5032: 4998:Wayback Machine 4991:The Indian Army 4985:Wayback Machine 4968: 4934: 4932:Primary sources 4866: 4820: 4801: 4782: 4774:. Shire Books. 4746: 4695: 4693:Further reading 4685: 4666: 4647: 4608: 4589: 4552: 4542:Permanent Black 4463: 4444: 4425: 4406: 4357: 4352: 4344: 4340: 4332: 4328: 4320:John Biddulph, 4319: 4315: 4307: 4303: 4296: 4282: 4278: 4271: 4257: 4253: 4245: 4241: 4233: 4229: 4222: 4208: 4204: 4189: 4188: 4184: 4176: 4172: 4153: 4146: 4138: 4130: 4126: 4118: 4114: 4107: 4097:The Indian Army 4093: 4089: 4077: 4076: 4072: 4063: 4061: 4054: 4053: 4046: 4037: 4033: 4025: 4021: 4013: 4009: 3999: 3997: 3992: 3991: 3987: 3977: 3975: 3964: 3960: 3952: 3948: 3940: 3936: 3928: 3921: 3913: 3906: 3898: 3894: 3886: 3882: 3874: 3870: 3849: 3848: 3844: 3836: 3832: 3824: 3820: 3812: 3799: 3791: 3787: 3779: 3775: 3765: 3763: 3750: 3749: 3745: 3738: 3722: 3718: 3708: 3706: 3693: 3692: 3688: 3675: 3668: 3661: 3645: 3641: 3634: 3614: 3610: 3599: 3598: 3594: 3586: 3577: 3569: 3562: 3554: 3543: 3535: 3528: 3520: 3516: 3508: 3504: 3496: 3492: 3482: 3480: 3463: 3462: 3458: 3448: 3446: 3438: 3434: 3433: 3429: 3419: 3417: 3406: 3402: 3395: 3387:. p. 495. 3375: 3371: 3344: 3340: 3333: 3325:. p. 441. 3313: 3309: 3292: 3288: 3281: 3271:A & C Black 3261: 3257: 3242: 3222: 3215: 3205: 3203: 3186: 3179: 3169: 3167: 3166:on 21 June 2023 3154: 3153: 3149: 3139: 3137: 3126: 3122: 3112: 3110: 3091: 3084: 3076: 3072: 3062: 3060: 3043: 3042: 3031: 3021: 3019: 3004: 3003: 2999: 2989: 2987: 2986:on 15 June 2024 2972: 2971: 2964: 2957: 2937: 2933: 2918: 2898: 2894: 2884: 2882: 2865: 2861: 2845: 2844: 2840: 2820: 2816: 2803: 2801: 2784: 2783: 2779: 2769: 2767: 2750: 2749: 2742: 2732: 2730: 2713: 2712: 2708: 2701: 2691:A & C Black 2681: 2677: 2673: 2668: 2667: 2658:Western Command 2654:Eastern Command 2647: 2643: 2638: 2634: 2629: 2624: 2558: 2268:, illustration 2258: 2225: 2141:Princely states 2137:Bahadur Shah II 2087:The Indian Army 2037: 2025:Bangladesh Army 1940:inspecting the 1931: 1900:Battle of Jitra 1896:Mohan Singh Deb 1767:Anglo-Iraqi War 1564:Indian XV Corps 1560:Indian IV Corps 1517: 1509:Main articles: 1507: 1427: 1413:Lancers of the 1379:Princely States 1365:Battle of Tanga 1269:First World War 1203: 1197: 1195:First World War 1174:First World War 1040:Officer of the 1017:Battalion from 1002:rifle regiments 962: 952: 907:117th Mahrattas 866:Eastern Command 846:Western Command 842:Derajat Brigade 781:grouped in two 710:, and also the 688:Boxer Rebellion 676: 604:Boxer Rebellion 540:Corps of Guides 441: 373:, east Africa, 371:France, Belgium 329:First World War 307:princely states 275: 262: 258: 254: 250: 246: 242: 235: 220: 216: 212: 208: 206:First World War 204: 200: 196: 192: 190:Boxer Rebellion 188: 184: 151: 150: 147: 139: 136: 102: 85: 83: 66: 61:, flown as the 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7647: 7637: 7636: 7631: 7626: 7621: 7616: 7611: 7606: 7601: 7584: 7583: 7580: 7579: 7576: 7575: 7573: 7572: 7571: 7570: 7560: 7559: 7558: 7548: 7543: 7538: 7533: 7528: 7523: 7522: 7521: 7511: 7506: 7501: 7496: 7491: 7486: 7485: 7484: 7474: 7473: 7472: 7462: 7457: 7452: 7447: 7441: 7439: 7433: 7432: 7430: 7429: 7424: 7419: 7414: 7409: 7404: 7399: 7394: 7389: 7384: 7379: 7374: 7369: 7364: 7359: 7358: 7357: 7352: 7347: 7342: 7332: 7331: 7330: 7320: 7315: 7310: 7304: 7302: 7294: 7293: 7290: 7289: 7282: 7274: 7273: 7270: 7269: 7266: 7265: 7263: 7262: 7257: 7252: 7247: 7242: 7237: 7235:Income Tax Act 7232: 7227: 7222: 7217: 7212: 7211: 7210: 7199: 7197: 7193: 7192: 7190: 7189: 7184: 7179: 7174: 7168: 7166: 7162: 7161: 7159: 7158: 7157: 7156: 7151: 7146: 7141: 7136: 7131: 7126: 7125: 7124: 7109: 7104: 7099: 7094: 7089: 7088: 7087: 7077: 7072: 7070:Pulp and paper 7067: 7062: 7061: 7060: 7058:Iron and Steel 7055: 7045: 7044: 7043: 7038: 7033: 7028: 7018: 7013: 7012: 7011: 7001: 6996: 6991: 6986: 6981: 6980: 6979: 6978: 6977: 6972: 6967: 6962: 6947: 6942: 6937: 6932: 6927: 6922: 6921: 6920: 6915: 6904: 6902: 6898: 6897: 6895: 6894: 6889: 6884: 6879: 6874: 6869: 6864: 6859: 6854: 6849: 6844: 6842:Madhya Pradesh 6839: 6834: 6829: 6824: 6819: 6814: 6809: 6804: 6799: 6794: 6789: 6784: 6779: 6777:Andhra Pradesh 6773: 6771: 6767: 6766: 6764: 6763: 6762: 6761: 6756: 6751: 6741: 6736: 6735: 6734: 6724: 6719: 6713: 6711: 6707: 6706: 6704: 6703: 6698: 6693: 6688: 6683: 6681:Liberalisation 6678: 6673: 6667: 6665: 6659: 6658: 6656: 6655: 6654: 6653: 6648: 6638: 6633: 6628: 6623: 6617: 6615: 6611: 6610: 6608: 6607: 6602: 6601: 6600: 6595: 6585: 6584: 6583: 6578: 6573: 6568: 6563: 6558: 6547: 6545: 6541: 6540: 6538: 6537: 6532: 6527: 6522: 6517: 6512: 6507: 6502: 6497: 6492: 6487: 6482: 6477: 6472: 6467: 6462: 6457: 6452: 6447: 6446: 6445: 6434: 6432: 6428: 6427: 6425: 6424: 6419: 6413: 6411: 6401: 6400: 6388: 6387: 6384: 6383: 6380: 6379: 6377: 6376: 6371: 6366: 6361: 6356: 6351: 6346: 6341: 6336: 6331: 6326: 6320: 6318: 6312: 6311: 6309: 6308: 6303: 6298: 6292: 6290: 6284: 6283: 6280: 6279: 6276: 6275: 6273: 6272: 6267: 6262: 6257: 6252: 6247: 6242: 6237: 6232: 6226: 6224: 6218: 6217: 6215: 6214: 6209: 6204: 6199: 6194: 6189: 6184: 6179: 6173: 6171: 6164: 6158: 6157: 6155: 6154: 6149: 6144: 6139: 6134: 6133: 6132: 6122: 6117: 6112: 6106: 6100: 6094: 6093: 6091: 6090: 6085: 6080: 6075: 6074: 6073: 6068: 6058: 6053: 6051:Civil Services 6048: 6043: 6041:Prime Minister 6038: 6036:Vice President 6033: 6028: 6027: 6026: 6021: 6011: 6006: 6001: 5995: 5993: 5983: 5982: 5970: 5969: 5966: 5965: 5962: 5961: 5959: 5958: 5953: 5948: 5943: 5938: 5932:Nature worship 5929: 5924: 5918: 5916: 5912: 5911: 5909: 5908: 5903: 5901:Municipalities 5898: 5893: 5888: 5883: 5878: 5872: 5870: 5864: 5863: 5861: 5860: 5855: 5854: 5853: 5848: 5838: 5833: 5832: 5831: 5821: 5816: 5810: 5808: 5802: 5801: 5799: 5798: 5793: 5788: 5783: 5778: 5777: 5776: 5771: 5766: 5758: 5753: 5748: 5743: 5738: 5733: 5728: 5726:Extreme points 5723: 5718: 5713: 5708: 5703: 5697: 5695: 5691: 5690: 5688: 5687: 5682: 5677: 5672: 5670:National parks 5667: 5662: 5657: 5652: 5647: 5642: 5637: 5632: 5630:Climate change 5627: 5622: 5617: 5611: 5609: 5603: 5602: 5600: 5599: 5594: 5589: 5584: 5579: 5573: 5571: 5567: 5566: 5564: 5563: 5558: 5553: 5547: 5545: 5535: 5534: 5522: 5521: 5518: 5517: 5514: 5513: 5511: 5510: 5505: 5500: 5495: 5489: 5487: 5483: 5482: 5480: 5479: 5474: 5469: 5464: 5462:Smiling Buddha 5459: 5454: 5449: 5444: 5439: 5434: 5429: 5424: 5418: 5416: 5412: 5411: 5409: 5408: 5403: 5398: 5393: 5388: 5383: 5378: 5373: 5368: 5367: 5366: 5356: 5351: 5346: 5341: 5339:1857 rebellion 5336: 5331: 5326: 5324:Princely state 5321: 5315: 5313: 5307: 5306: 5304: 5303: 5298: 5296:European trade 5293: 5288: 5282: 5280: 5274: 5273: 5271: 5270: 5265: 5260: 5255: 5250: 5245: 5243:Medieval India 5239: 5237: 5231: 5230: 5228: 5227: 5222: 5216: 5214: 5210: 5209: 5207: 5206: 5201: 5196: 5191: 5186: 5181: 5179:Yavana Kingdom 5176: 5171: 5166: 5161: 5156: 5150: 5148: 5142: 5141: 5139: 5138: 5133: 5128: 5126:Paper currency 5123: 5118: 5113: 5108: 5103: 5098: 5093: 5088: 5083: 5078: 5072: 5071: 5066: 5060: 5058: 5050: 5049: 5037: 5036: 5031: 5030: 5023: 5016: 5008: 5002: 5001: 4988: 4974: 4967: 4966:External links 4964: 4963: 4962: 4959: 4952: 4942: 4933: 4930: 4929: 4928: 4907:Roy, Pinaki. “ 4905: 4896: 4879: 4870: 4865:978-1138110069 4864: 4851: 4842: 4833: 4824: 4818: 4805: 4799: 4786: 4780: 4767: 4749: 4728:(3): 453–468. 4717: 4707:(2): 240–266. 4694: 4691: 4690: 4689: 4683: 4670: 4664: 4651: 4645: 4632: 4612: 4606: 4593: 4587: 4574: 4565: 4556: 4550: 4533: 4524: 4515: 4506: 4496:(2): 327–333. 4485: 4476: 4467: 4461: 4448: 4442: 4429: 4423: 4410: 4404: 4391: 4356: 4353: 4351: 4350: 4348:, p. 105. 4338: 4326: 4313: 4309:Spilsbury 2007 4301: 4295:978-0674728806 4294: 4276: 4270:978-0521899758 4269: 4251: 4239: 4227: 4221:978-0674728806 4220: 4202: 4182: 4180:, p. 341. 4170: 4144: 4124: 4112: 4105: 4087: 4070: 4044: 4031: 4019: 4007: 3985: 3958: 3946: 3942:Heathcote 1974 3934: 3932:, p. 139. 3930:Heathcote 1974 3919: 3915:Heathcote 1974 3904: 3892: 3880: 3878:, p. 107. 3868: 3842: 3830: 3818: 3814:Heathcote 1974 3797: 3795:, p. 143. 3785: 3773: 3743: 3736: 3716: 3686: 3666: 3659: 3639: 3632: 3608: 3592: 3575: 3571:Heathcote 1974 3560: 3541: 3526: 3524:, p. 136. 3522:Heathcote 1974 3514: 3502: 3490: 3456: 3445:. 11 July 1947 3427: 3400: 3393: 3369: 3358:(2): 497–529. 3338: 3331: 3321:(2 ed.). 3307: 3286: 3279: 3255: 3240: 3213: 3177: 3147: 3120: 3082: 3070: 3029: 2997: 2962: 2955: 2931: 2916: 2892: 2859: 2838: 2814: 2777: 2740: 2706: 2699: 2674: 2672: 2669: 2666: 2665: 2641: 2631: 2630: 2628: 2625: 2623: 2622: 2616: 2611: 2606: 2601: 2595: 2590: 2585: 2580: 2575: 2570: 2565: 2559: 2557: 2554: 2429:passed to the 2389:Lance-Corporal 2373:Lance-Daffadar 2313:equivalent to 2291:Risaldar-Major 2257: 2254: 2224: 2221: 2180:Lord Kitchener 2036: 2033: 1979:, 8 June 1946. 1930: 1927: 1838:Victoria Cross 1826: 1825: 1824: 1823: 1818: 1811:Burma Campaign 1808: 1803: 1798: 1793: 1792: 1791: 1790: 1789: 1779: 1774: 1769: 1764: 1763: 1762: 1757: 1752: 1747: 1742: 1732: 1719:Victoria Cross 1711:King George VI 1506: 1503: 1426: 1423: 1196: 1193: 1147:staff officers 1081:Bombay Sappers 951: 948: 924:active service 885:Burma Division 745:, in Beijing, 696:Lord Kitchener 690:, China, 1900. 675: 672: 652:Bengal Sappers 648:Madras Sappers 644:Bombay Sappers 606:in China. The 544:Richard Simkin 440: 437: 391:volunteer army 325:British Empire 273: 270: 269: 244:Lord Kitchener 237: 231: 230: 226: 225: 194:Tirah campaign 179: 175: 174: 169: 165: 164: 159: 155: 154: 127: 123: 122: 117: 113: 112: 110:British Empire 100: 96: 95: 80: 76: 75: 72: 68: 67: 56: 48: 47: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7646: 7635: 7632: 7630: 7627: 7625: 7622: 7620: 7617: 7615: 7612: 7610: 7607: 7605: 7602: 7600: 7597: 7596: 7594: 7569: 7566: 7565: 7564: 7561: 7557: 7554: 7553: 7552: 7549: 7547: 7544: 7542: 7539: 7537: 7534: 7532: 7529: 7527: 7524: 7520: 7517: 7516: 7515: 7512: 7510: 7507: 7505: 7502: 7500: 7497: 7495: 7492: 7490: 7487: 7483: 7480: 7479: 7478: 7475: 7471: 7468: 7467: 7466: 7463: 7461: 7458: 7456: 7453: 7451: 7448: 7446: 7443: 7442: 7440: 7438: 7434: 7428: 7425: 7423: 7420: 7418: 7415: 7413: 7410: 7408: 7405: 7403: 7400: 7398: 7395: 7393: 7390: 7388: 7385: 7383: 7380: 7378: 7375: 7373: 7370: 7368: 7365: 7363: 7360: 7356: 7353: 7351: 7348: 7346: 7343: 7341: 7338: 7337: 7336: 7333: 7329: 7326: 7325: 7324: 7321: 7319: 7316: 7314: 7311: 7309: 7306: 7305: 7303: 7299: 7295: 7288: 7284: 7283: 7279: 7275: 7261: 7258: 7256: 7253: 7251: 7250:Insurance Act 7248: 7246: 7243: 7241: 7240:Companies Act 7238: 7236: 7233: 7231: 7228: 7226: 7223: 7221: 7218: 7216: 7213: 7209: 7206: 7205: 7204: 7201: 7200: 7198: 7194: 7188: 7185: 7183: 7180: 7178: 7175: 7173: 7170: 7169: 7167: 7163: 7155: 7152: 7150: 7147: 7145: 7142: 7140: 7137: 7135: 7132: 7130: 7127: 7123: 7120: 7119: 7118: 7115: 7114: 7113: 7110: 7108: 7105: 7103: 7100: 7098: 7095: 7093: 7090: 7086: 7085:Biotechnology 7083: 7082: 7081: 7078: 7076: 7073: 7071: 7068: 7066: 7063: 7059: 7056: 7054: 7051: 7050: 7049: 7046: 7042: 7039: 7037: 7034: 7032: 7029: 7027: 7024: 7023: 7022: 7019: 7017: 7014: 7010: 7007: 7006: 7005: 7002: 7000: 6997: 6995: 6992: 6990: 6989:Entertainment 6987: 6985: 6982: 6976: 6973: 6971: 6968: 6966: 6963: 6961: 6958: 6957: 6956: 6953: 6952: 6951: 6948: 6946: 6943: 6941: 6938: 6936: 6933: 6931: 6928: 6926: 6923: 6919: 6916: 6914: 6911: 6910: 6909: 6906: 6905: 6903: 6899: 6893: 6890: 6888: 6887:Uttar Pradesh 6885: 6883: 6880: 6878: 6875: 6873: 6870: 6868: 6865: 6863: 6860: 6858: 6855: 6853: 6850: 6848: 6845: 6843: 6840: 6838: 6835: 6833: 6830: 6828: 6825: 6823: 6820: 6818: 6815: 6813: 6810: 6808: 6805: 6803: 6800: 6798: 6795: 6793: 6790: 6788: 6785: 6783: 6780: 6778: 6775: 6774: 6772: 6768: 6760: 6757: 6755: 6752: 6750: 6747: 6746: 6745: 6742: 6740: 6737: 6733: 6730: 6729: 6728: 6725: 6723: 6720: 6718: 6715: 6714: 6712: 6708: 6702: 6699: 6697: 6694: 6692: 6689: 6687: 6684: 6682: 6679: 6677: 6674: 6672: 6669: 6668: 6666: 6664: 6660: 6652: 6649: 6647: 6644: 6643: 6642: 6639: 6637: 6634: 6632: 6629: 6627: 6624: 6622: 6619: 6618: 6616: 6612: 6606: 6603: 6599: 6596: 6594: 6591: 6590: 6589: 6586: 6582: 6579: 6577: 6574: 6572: 6571:Digital rupee 6569: 6567: 6564: 6562: 6559: 6557: 6554: 6553: 6552: 6549: 6548: 6546: 6542: 6536: 6533: 6531: 6530:Make in India 6528: 6526: 6523: 6521: 6518: 6516: 6513: 6511: 6508: 6506: 6503: 6501: 6498: 6496: 6493: 6491: 6488: 6486: 6485:Foreign trade 6483: 6481: 6480:External debt 6478: 6476: 6473: 6471: 6468: 6466: 6463: 6461: 6458: 6456: 6453: 6451: 6448: 6444: 6441: 6440: 6439: 6436: 6435: 6433: 6429: 6423: 6420: 6418: 6415: 6414: 6412: 6410: 6406: 6402: 6398: 6393: 6389: 6375: 6372: 6370: 6367: 6365: 6362: 6360: 6357: 6355: 6352: 6350: 6347: 6345: 6342: 6340: 6337: 6335: 6332: 6330: 6327: 6325: 6322: 6321: 6319: 6317: 6313: 6307: 6304: 6302: 6299: 6297: 6294: 6293: 6291: 6289: 6285: 6271: 6268: 6266: 6263: 6261: 6258: 6256: 6253: 6251: 6248: 6246: 6243: 6241: 6238: 6236: 6233: 6231: 6228: 6227: 6225: 6223: 6219: 6213: 6210: 6208: 6205: 6203: 6200: 6198: 6195: 6193: 6190: 6188: 6185: 6183: 6180: 6178: 6175: 6174: 6172: 6168: 6165: 6163: 6159: 6153: 6150: 6148: 6145: 6143: 6142:Chief Justice 6140: 6138: 6137:Supreme Court 6135: 6131: 6128: 6127: 6126: 6123: 6121: 6118: 6116: 6113: 6111: 6108: 6107: 6104: 6101: 6099: 6095: 6089: 6086: 6084: 6081: 6079: 6076: 6072: 6069: 6067: 6064: 6063: 6062: 6059: 6057: 6054: 6052: 6049: 6047: 6044: 6042: 6039: 6037: 6034: 6032: 6029: 6025: 6022: 6020: 6017: 6016: 6015: 6012: 6010: 6007: 6005: 6004:Energy policy 6002: 6000: 5997: 5996: 5994: 5992: 5988: 5984: 5980: 5975: 5971: 5957: 5954: 5952: 5949: 5947: 5944: 5942: 5939: 5937: 5933: 5930: 5928: 5925: 5923: 5920: 5919: 5917: 5913: 5907: 5904: 5902: 5899: 5897: 5894: 5892: 5889: 5887: 5884: 5882: 5879: 5877: 5874: 5873: 5871: 5869: 5865: 5859: 5856: 5852: 5849: 5847: 5844: 5843: 5842: 5839: 5837: 5834: 5830: 5827: 5826: 5825: 5822: 5820: 5817: 5815: 5812: 5811: 5809: 5807: 5803: 5797: 5794: 5792: 5789: 5787: 5784: 5782: 5779: 5775: 5772: 5770: 5767: 5765: 5764:Indo-Gangetic 5762: 5761: 5759: 5757: 5754: 5752: 5749: 5747: 5744: 5742: 5739: 5737: 5734: 5732: 5729: 5727: 5724: 5722: 5719: 5717: 5714: 5712: 5709: 5707: 5704: 5702: 5699: 5698: 5696: 5692: 5686: 5683: 5681: 5678: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5668: 5666: 5663: 5661: 5658: 5656: 5653: 5651: 5648: 5646: 5643: 5641: 5638: 5636: 5633: 5631: 5628: 5626: 5623: 5621: 5618: 5616: 5613: 5612: 5610: 5608: 5604: 5598: 5595: 5593: 5590: 5588: 5585: 5583: 5580: 5578: 5575: 5574: 5572: 5568: 5562: 5559: 5557: 5554: 5552: 5549: 5548: 5546: 5544: 5540: 5536: 5532: 5527: 5523: 5509: 5506: 5504: 5501: 5499: 5496: 5494: 5491: 5490: 5488: 5484: 5478: 5475: 5473: 5472:The Emergency 5470: 5468: 5465: 5463: 5460: 5458: 5455: 5453: 5450: 5448: 5445: 5443: 5440: 5438: 5435: 5433: 5430: 5428: 5425: 5423: 5420: 5419: 5417: 5413: 5407: 5404: 5402: 5399: 5397: 5394: 5392: 5389: 5387: 5384: 5382: 5379: 5377: 5374: 5372: 5369: 5365: 5362: 5361: 5360: 5357: 5355: 5352: 5350: 5347: 5345: 5342: 5340: 5337: 5335: 5332: 5330: 5327: 5325: 5322: 5320: 5317: 5316: 5314: 5312: 5308: 5302: 5299: 5297: 5294: 5292: 5289: 5287: 5284: 5283: 5281: 5279: 5275: 5269: 5266: 5264: 5261: 5259: 5256: 5254: 5251: 5249: 5246: 5244: 5241: 5240: 5238: 5236: 5232: 5226: 5223: 5221: 5218: 5217: 5215: 5211: 5205: 5202: 5200: 5197: 5195: 5194:Kushan Empire 5192: 5190: 5187: 5185: 5182: 5180: 5177: 5175: 5172: 5170: 5169:Mahajanapadas 5167: 5165: 5162: 5160: 5157: 5155: 5152: 5151: 5149: 5147: 5143: 5137: 5134: 5132: 5129: 5127: 5124: 5122: 5119: 5117: 5114: 5112: 5109: 5107: 5104: 5102: 5099: 5097: 5094: 5092: 5089: 5087: 5084: 5082: 5079: 5077: 5074: 5073: 5070: 5067: 5065: 5062: 5061: 5059: 5055: 5051: 5047: 5042: 5038: 5029: 5024: 5022: 5017: 5015: 5010: 5009: 5006: 4999: 4995: 4992: 4989: 4986: 4982: 4978: 4975: 4973: 4970: 4969: 4960: 4957: 4953: 4950: 4946: 4945:Masters, John 4943: 4940: 4936: 4935: 4926: 4922: 4918: 4914: 4910: 4906: 4902: 4897: 4892: 4890: 4884: 4880: 4876: 4871: 4867: 4861: 4857: 4852: 4848: 4843: 4839: 4834: 4830: 4825: 4821: 4815: 4811: 4806: 4802: 4796: 4792: 4787: 4783: 4777: 4773: 4768: 4764: 4759: 4754: 4750: 4743: 4739: 4735: 4731: 4727: 4723: 4718: 4714: 4710: 4706: 4702: 4697: 4696: 4686: 4684:0-88365-403-2 4680: 4676: 4671: 4667: 4665:1-84176-196-6 4661: 4657: 4652: 4648: 4646:9780297856306 4642: 4638: 4633: 4629: 4625: 4621: 4617: 4613: 4609: 4607:1-86126-637-5 4603: 4599: 4594: 4590: 4584: 4580: 4575: 4571: 4566: 4562: 4557: 4553: 4547: 4543: 4539: 4534: 4530: 4529:End of Empire 4525: 4521: 4516: 4512: 4507: 4503: 4499: 4495: 4491: 4486: 4482: 4477: 4473: 4468: 4464: 4462:1-898594-41-4 4458: 4454: 4449: 4445: 4439: 4435: 4430: 4426: 4420: 4416: 4411: 4407: 4405:0-304-36294-8 4401: 4397: 4392: 4388: 4384: 4380: 4376: 4372: 4368: 4364: 4359: 4358: 4347: 4346:Mazumder 2003 4342: 4335: 4334:Chandler 2002 4330: 4323: 4317: 4310: 4305: 4297: 4291: 4287: 4280: 4272: 4266: 4262: 4255: 4248: 4243: 4236: 4231: 4223: 4217: 4213: 4206: 4198: 4194: 4193: 4186: 4179: 4174: 4166: 4162: 4158: 4151: 4149: 4137: 4136: 4128: 4122:, p. 89. 4121: 4116: 4108: 4102: 4098: 4091: 4083: 4082: 4074: 4059: 4058: 4051: 4049: 4041: 4035: 4028: 4023: 4016: 4011: 3995: 3989: 3973: 3969: 3962: 3955: 3950: 3944:, p. 32. 3943: 3938: 3931: 3926: 3924: 3917:, p. 26. 3916: 3911: 3909: 3902:, p. 57. 3901: 3896: 3890:, p. 20. 3889: 3884: 3877: 3872: 3864: 3860: 3856: 3852: 3846: 3840:, p. 10. 3839: 3834: 3827: 3822: 3816:, p. 31. 3815: 3810: 3808: 3806: 3804: 3802: 3794: 3793:Barthorp 2002 3789: 3782: 3781:Barthorp 2002 3777: 3761: 3757: 3753: 3747: 3739: 3733: 3729: 3728: 3720: 3704: 3700: 3696: 3690: 3682: 3681: 3673: 3671: 3662: 3656: 3652: 3651: 3643: 3635: 3629: 3625: 3621: 3620: 3612: 3604: 3603: 3596: 3589: 3584: 3582: 3580: 3573:, p. 30. 3572: 3567: 3565: 3557: 3552: 3550: 3548: 3546: 3538: 3533: 3531: 3523: 3518: 3512:, p. 55. 3511: 3506: 3499: 3494: 3478: 3474: 3470: 3469:www.nam.ac.uk 3466: 3460: 3444: 3437: 3431: 3415: 3411: 3404: 3396: 3390: 3386: 3382: 3381: 3373: 3365: 3361: 3357: 3353: 3349: 3342: 3334: 3328: 3324: 3320: 3319: 3311: 3304:. p. 36. 3303: 3299: 3298: 3290: 3282: 3276: 3272: 3268: 3267: 3259: 3251: 3247: 3243: 3237: 3234:. p. 1. 3233: 3229: 3228: 3220: 3218: 3201: 3197: 3196: 3191: 3184: 3182: 3165: 3161: 3157: 3151: 3135: 3131: 3124: 3108: 3104: 3100: 3096: 3089: 3087: 3080:, p. 85. 3079: 3074: 3058: 3054: 3050: 3046: 3040: 3038: 3036: 3034: 3017: 3013: 3012: 3007: 3001: 2985: 2981: 2980: 2975: 2969: 2967: 2958: 2952: 2948: 2944: 2943: 2935: 2927: 2923: 2919: 2913: 2910:. p. 1. 2909: 2905: 2904: 2896: 2880: 2876: 2875: 2870: 2863: 2855: 2849: 2841: 2835: 2831: 2827: 2826: 2818: 2811: 2799: 2795: 2791: 2790:www.nam.ac.uk 2787: 2781: 2765: 2761: 2757: 2753: 2747: 2745: 2728: 2724: 2720: 2716: 2710: 2702: 2696: 2692: 2688: 2687: 2679: 2675: 2663: 2659: 2655: 2651: 2645: 2636: 2632: 2620: 2617: 2615: 2612: 2610: 2607: 2605: 2602: 2599: 2596: 2594: 2591: 2589: 2586: 2584: 2581: 2579: 2576: 2574: 2571: 2569: 2566: 2564: 2561: 2560: 2553: 2551: 2547: 2543: 2539: 2535: 2531: 2527: 2523: 2519: 2515: 2511: 2507: 2503: 2499: 2495: 2491: 2487: 2483: 2479: 2475: 2471: 2467: 2463: 2459: 2455: 2452: 2448: 2444: 2440: 2436: 2435:martial races 2432: 2431:British Crown 2428: 2424: 2423:Indian Mutiny 2419: 2417: 2413: 2409: 2405: 2401: 2397: 2392: 2390: 2386: 2382: 2378: 2374: 2370: 2366: 2362: 2358: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2337:Western Front 2330: 2326: 2322: 2318: 2316: 2312: 2308: 2304: 2300: 2296: 2292: 2288: 2287:Subedar Major 2283: 2279: 2267: 2262: 2253: 2251: 2247: 2243: 2242:Lord Birdwood 2239: 2235: 2231: 2220: 2218: 2215: 2211: 2207: 2204: 2199: 2197: 2196:Army of India 2193: 2189: 2185: 2181: 2177: 2173: 2169: 2157: 2153: 2148: 2144: 2142: 2138: 2134: 2133:Indian Mutiny 2129: 2127: 2123: 2119: 2115: 2111: 2106: 2104: 2100: 2096: 2092: 2088: 2083: 2081: 2077: 2073: 2072:Uttar Pradesh 2069: 2065: 2061: 2057: 2056:forward caste 2045: 2041: 2032: 2030: 2026: 2022: 2021:Pakistan Army 2018: 2013: 2011: 2007: 2003: 1998: 1997:Brian Lapping 1994: 1990: 1986: 1978: 1973: 1969: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1950: 1943: 1939: 1935: 1926: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1911: 1908: 1903: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1885: 1881: 1876: 1872: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1853: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1839: 1830: 1822: 1819: 1817: 1814: 1813: 1812: 1809: 1807: 1804: 1802: 1799: 1797: 1794: 1788: 1785: 1784: 1783: 1780: 1778: 1775: 1773: 1770: 1768: 1765: 1761: 1758: 1756: 1753: 1751: 1748: 1746: 1743: 1741: 1738: 1737: 1736: 1733: 1731: 1728: 1727: 1726: 1720: 1716: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1703: 1702: 1699: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1570:(served with 1569: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1526: 1521: 1516: 1512: 1502: 1500: 1496: 1491: 1485: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1474:Indianisation 1470: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1422: 1420: 1416: 1412: 1408: 1404: 1400: 1397:(such as the 1396: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1371: 1368: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1337:Western Front 1333: 1329: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1318:Khudadad Khan 1315: 1311: 1307: 1302: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1282: 1281:Western Front 1276: 1274: 1270: 1262: 1259:in action in 1258: 1254: 1251: 1246: 1239: 1234: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1218:King George V 1215: 1207: 1202: 1192: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1177: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1158: 1156: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1111:General Staff 1108: 1103: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1090:and infantry 1089: 1084: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1055: 1047: 1043: 1038: 1031: 1026: 1022: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1003: 998: 996: 992: 991:61st Pioneers 988: 982: 980: 976: 975:Gurkha Rifles 972: 968: 961: 957: 944: 941:, with their 940: 936: 931: 927: 925: 919: 913:, India, 1909 912: 908: 904: 900: 898: 897:major general 894: 890: 886: 882: 877: 875: 871: 867: 863: 859: 855: 851: 847: 843: 839: 838:Bannu Brigade 835: 834:Kohat Brigade 831: 827: 823: 819: 815: 810: 808: 804: 800: 796: 792: 788: 784: 780: 776: 772: 768: 764: 760: 756: 744: 739: 735: 733: 729: 724: 719: 717: 713: 709: 705: 701: 697: 689: 685: 680: 671: 669: 665: 661: 657: 653: 649: 645: 641: 637: 633: 629: 625: 621: 617: 613: 609: 605: 601: 597: 593: 589: 583: 581: 577: 573: 569: 565: 561: 557: 553: 545: 542:, painted by 541: 536: 532: 530: 526: 522: 518: 514: 509: 507: 503: 499: 495: 491: 487: 482: 480: 476: 472: 468: 456: 452: 451: 445: 436: 434: 430: 427: 423: 419: 415: 411: 410:Army of India 407: 403: 398: 396: 392: 388: 384: 380: 376: 372: 368: 363: 361: 357: 353: 349: 345: 341: 336: 334: 330: 326: 322: 318: 317: 312: 308: 304: 303:British India 300: 296: 292: 288: 284: 280: 274:Military unit 268: 265: 261: 257: 253: 249: 245: 241: 238: 232: 227: 223: 219: 215: 211: 207: 203: 199: 195: 191: 187: 183: 180: 176: 173: 170: 166: 163: 160: 156: 142: 131: 128: 124: 121: 118: 114: 111: 106: 101: 97: 93: 81: 77: 73: 69: 64: 60: 54: 49: 44: 41: 37: 36:Pakistan Army 33: 19: 7526:Martial arts 7450:Architecture 7323:Demographics 7308:Caste system 7285:Society and 6935:Construction 6717:By net worth 6551:Indian rupee 6354:Reservations 6222:Intelligence 6125:Human rights 6110:Constitution 5868:Subdivisions 5561:Indian Plate 5551:Fossil Parks 5486:Contemporary 5401:World War II 5358: 5278:Early Modern 5268:Vijayanagara 5164:Vedic period 5034:India topics 4955: 4948: 4938: 4912: 4908: 4900: 4888: 4883:McCosh, John 4877:. Macmillan. 4874: 4855: 4846: 4837: 4828: 4809: 4790: 4771: 4762: 4725: 4721: 4704: 4700: 4674: 4655: 4636: 4619: 4597: 4578: 4569: 4560: 4537: 4528: 4520:India's Army 4519: 4510: 4493: 4489: 4480: 4471: 4452: 4433: 4414: 4395: 4370: 4366: 4355:Bibliography 4341: 4329: 4321: 4316: 4311:, p. 9. 4304: 4285: 4279: 4260: 4254: 4247:Lapping 1985 4242: 4235:Lapping 1985 4230: 4211: 4205: 4191: 4185: 4178:Barkawi 2006 4173: 4165:the original 4160: 4134: 4127: 4115: 4096: 4090: 4079: 4073: 4064:12 September 4062:, retrieved 4056: 4040:Eastern Epic 4039: 4034: 4022: 4010: 3998:. Retrieved 3988: 3976:. Retrieved 3972:the original 3961: 3949: 3937: 3895: 3883: 3871: 3863:the original 3854: 3845: 3833: 3828:, p. 9. 3821: 3788: 3776: 3766:18 September 3764:. Retrieved 3760:the original 3755: 3746: 3726: 3719: 3709:18 September 3707:. Retrieved 3703:the original 3698: 3689: 3679: 3649: 3642: 3618: 3611: 3601: 3595: 3590:, p. 5. 3558:, p. 2. 3539:, p. 3. 3537:Jackson 1940 3517: 3505: 3493: 3481:. 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