130:
52:
20:
238:
In 2018, the German company Metec introduced the
Braille E-Book, which, unlike its predecessors, has a field size of 120 x 97 mm, which can accommodate eight lines of 16 characters each. This device allows blind users to study graphs and geographical maps in a tactile way. The cost of the device
116:. Braille translators allowed the automatic creation of braille text or books from a script into Braille scripture without the need of typing braille books in braille typewriters, but still needed embossers to produce books, this last step is not necessary when the e-book is read in a braille e-book.
246:
released the braille e-book
Graphiti, which allows blind people to explore graphical information. 2,400 points that rise to different heights are capable of transmitting topographic maps and other graphic elements such as shadows and color. The device also includes an eight-key braille keyboard for
234:
A braille ebook/tablet was slated to be released for purchase in the 4th quarter of 2016 by the
Austrian company Blitab. It was expected to be priced under US$ 3000. As of February 2019 the company was inviting people to sign up as a "Tester", with the explanation, "Become one of the first to
250:
In 2020, engineering startup 4Blind, Inc. from Boston created the tactile e-book called
Braille Pad. This is an 8-inch tablet (contains 3249 tactile pixels) with a built-in camera, which gives access to any graphic images (maps, graphs, etc.), and also allows the user to take photos with instant
57:
56:
53:
58:
55:
230:
published in 2009 by Yanko Design attracted attention. A British prototype design called "Anagraphs" was created in 2013, but funding from the
European Union ran out before it could be brought to production.
54:
383:
104:
device called "M.I.T. Braillemboss.". The Mitre
Corporation team of Robert Gildea, Jonathan Millen, Reid Gerhart and Joseph Sullivan (now president of Duxbury Systems) developed
151:
144:
512:
575:
105:
387:
93:
607:
239:
is €13,800 (in 2019). Since that time it has a couple of improvements including the display size, now it reaches 260 x 150 mm.
43:
dots on a display. Though not inherently expensive, due to the small scale of production they have not been shown to be economical.
2419:
2439:
346:
1677:
243:
194:
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307:
Computer
Translation: Grade 2 from Print; Report of American Printing House of the Blind, by Ann Schack, et al., June 1969
2414:
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173:
1445:
1431:
1401:
540:
213:
1792:
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1670:
108:, the first braille translator written in a portable programming language. DOTSYS III was developed for the
81:
typewriter, a machine invented in 1951, and improved in 2008, another way of produce braille books was with
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32:
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1973:
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36:
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432:
8:
2464:
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2219:
371:
2141:
2016:
2006:
1832:
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1105:
994:
984:
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819:
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457:"Graphiti® - a Breakthrough in Non-Visual Access to All Forms of Graphical Information"
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97:
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1991:
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are produced simultaneously with the production of a printed format, as described in
16:
Refreshable braille display using electroactive polymers or heated wax to raise dots
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Braille
Translation System for the IBM 704 by Ann S. Schack and R.T. Mertz, 1961
85:. In 2011 David S. Morgan produced the first SMART Brailler machine, with added
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734:
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1837:
384:"Anagraphs: Electronic Braille reader that hooks on to mobile devices"
2306:
2279:
2269:
2076:
2036:
1922:
1847:
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1698:
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touch and feel the future of large scale tactile
Braille displays."
129:
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2146:
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2011:
1942:
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518:
2111:
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1887:
549:
40:
19:
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2031:
1978:
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433:"Two-dimensional, touch-sensitive graphic displays - metec AG"
2179:
2061:
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1801:
419:
67:
513:
Wax-based
Braille display makes e-reading available to blind
2399:
1996:
1907:
1817:
260:
247:
text entry. The cost of the device is $ 24,666 (in 2021).
1842:
1770:
333:"Electroactive polymers for refreshable Braille displays"
508:
View on Disability: How to make a cheap Braille e-reader
89:
function and allowed digital capture of data entered.
23:
The concept design of a braille e-book by Yanko Design
408:
Braille e-books: Why can't you buy a budget e-reader?
77:
Braille books were initially written in paper, with
39:or heated wax rather than mechanical pins to raise
2477:
251:tactile transmission. It is priced at $ 4,400.
1786:
534:
92:In 1960 Robert Mann, a teacher in MIT, wrote
2420:Comparison of Android ebook reader software
1793:
1779:
541:
527:
349:. TechFresh. 17 April 2009. Archived from
330:
214:Learn how and when to remove this message
119:
50:
18:
2415:Comparison of iOS ebook reader software
331:Bar-Cohen, Yoseph (11 September 2009).
2478:
2440:International Digital Publishing Forum
242:In 2019, Orbit Research together with
150:Please improve this section by adding
1774:
1678:American Printing House for the Blind
1454:International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)
1106:Devanagari (Hindi / Marathi / Nepali)
522:
244:American Printing House for the Blind
420:BLITAB website, "Contact us" section
123:
96:, a software that allowed automatic
548:
13:
2395:Academic journal publishing reform
14:
2502:
501:
128:
473:
449:
425:
100:, and another group created an
413:
401:
376:
365:
339:
324:
312:
300:
288:
1:
1446:Gardner–Salinas braille codes
1402:Gardner–Salinas braille codes
281:
152:secondary or tertiary sources
83:braille printers or embossers
46:
1657:National Braille Association
1636:Braille Institute of America
1354:Two-cell Chinese (Shuangpin)
7:
2410:Comparison of ebook readers
1537:Refreshable braille display
1516:Optical braille recognition
1113:Bengali (Bangla / Assamese)
645:Chinese (mainland Mandarin)
254:
33:refreshable braille display
10:
2507:
1800:
1604:Thakur Vishva Narain Singh
319:History of Duxbury Systems
2387:
2325:
2242:
2233:
2099:
1961:
1868:
1861:
1808:
1736:
1687:
1627:
1560:
1470:
1416:
1379:
1340:Mainland Chinese Mandarin
1319:
1300:
1281:
1186:
1092:
1053:
980:
907:
606:
599:
560:
2435:iBooks Author Conference
1327:Chinese semi-syllabaries
590:Unicode braille patterns
576:International uniformity
347:"Braille E-Book Concept"
2132:Atlantis Word Processor
2072:OverDrive Media Console
1883:Barnes & Noble Nook
1664:Blindness organizations
1643:Braille Without Borders
1432:Canadian currency marks
1054:Egyptian lineage family
1974:Adobe Digital Editions
981:Russian lineage family
422:, accessed 2019-02-13.
139:relies excessively on
120:Commercial development
110:Atlanta Public Schools
63:
37:electroactive polymers
24:
2430:Electronic publishing
1745:Accessible publishing
1671:Schools for the blind
1650:Japan Braille Library
1439:Computer Braille Code
1093:Indian lineage family
321:, retrieved 3/29/2012
114:public domain program
72:electronic publishing
61:
22:
1928:Plastic Logic Reader
1509:Mountbatten Brailler
864:(largely reassigned)
647:(largely reassigned)
410:BBC News, 8 May 2014
372:Yanko Design Website
62:"Braille typewriter"
2465:Semantic publishing
2455:Reflowable document
2255:Amazon Kindle Store
1461:Nemeth braille code
1247:(reassigned vowels)
772:(extended to 8-dot)
309:retrieved 3/30/2016
297:retrieved 3/30/2016
98:braille translation
2486:Braille technology
2265:Barnes & Noble
1933:PocketBook eReader
1833:Kindle File Format
1495:Braille translator
1472:Braille technology
1448:(science; GS8/GS6)
1417:Symbols in braille
1347:Taiwanese Mandarin
862:Taiwanese Mandarin
271:Braille translator
64:
25:
2473:
2472:
2383:
2382:
2353:Project Gutenberg
2312:Sony Reader Store
2260:Baen Free Library
2250:Apple Books Store
2195:Oxygen XML Editor
2175:iStudio Publisher
2161:Help & Manual
2095:
2094:
2022:Google Play Books
1988:
1768:
1767:
1690:tactile alphabets
1618:William Bell Wait
1611:Sabriye Tenberken
1412:
1411:
1277:
1276:
1262:(Japanese vowels)
1060:-mediated scripts
987:-mediated scripts
224:
223:
216:
198:
59:
2498:
2348:Internet Archive
2240:
2239:
2152:Collabora Online
2107:ABBYY FineReader
2057:Microsoft Reader
1986:
1866:
1865:
1795:
1788:
1781:
1772:
1771:
1761:
1754:
1752:Braille literacy
1747:
1729:
1722:
1715:
1708:
1701:
1680:
1673:
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1659:
1652:
1645:
1638:
1620:
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1599:
1592:
1585:
1578:
1571:
1553:
1546:
1544:Slate and stylus
1539:
1532:
1530:Perkins Brailler
1525:
1518:
1511:
1504:
1497:
1490:
1488:Braille embosser
1483:
1463:
1456:
1449:
1441:
1434:
1427:
1405:
1397:
1390:
1372:
1365:
1356:
1349:
1342:
1335:
1328:
1312:
1309:American Braille
1293:
1290:Algerian Braille
1270:
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1255:
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1240:
1233:
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1211:
1204:
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386:. Archived from
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353:on 5 August 2013
343:
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316:
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276:Perkins Brailler
219:
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199:
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163:"Braille e-book"
156:
132:
124:
79:Perkins Brailler
60:
2506:
2505:
2501:
2500:
2499:
2497:
2496:
2495:
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2474:
2469:
2460:Self-publishing
2379:
2370:Standard Ebooks
2321:
2229:
2147:Calligra Author
2091:
2002:Bluefire Reader
1957:
1857:
1804:
1799:
1769:
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1576:Charles Barbier
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1301:Frequency-based
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1097:Bharati Braille
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671:Unified English
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629:
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615:
600:Braille scripts
595:
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515:, 22 April 2014
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437:www.metec-ag.de
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145:primary sources
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2447:
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2425:E-book lending
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2405:Braille e-book
2402:
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2122:Adobe RoboHelp
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2117:Adobe InDesign
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1903:Hanlin eReader
1900:
1898:enTourage eDGe
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1737:Related topics
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1713:New York Point
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1481:Braille e-book
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583:ASCII braille
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481:"Braille PAD"
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390:on 2015-02-27
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204:November 2022
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165: –
164:
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159:Find sources:
153:
147:
146:
142:
137:This section
135:
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126:
125:
117:
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111:
107:
103:
99:
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75:
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44:
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38:
34:
30:
21:
2404:
2333:Aozora Bunko
2295:Google Books
2190:MadCap Flare
1938:Rocket eBook
1918:Kobo eReader
1913:iRiver Story
1893:Elonex ebook
1480:
1260:Thai and Lao
937:Scandinavian
569:1829 braille
561:Braille cell
488:. Retrieved
484:
475:
464:. Retrieved
460:
451:
440:. Retrieved
436:
427:
415:
403:
392:. Retrieved
388:the original
378:
367:
355:. Retrieved
351:the original
341:
326:
314:
302:
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237:
233:
225:
210:
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184:
177:
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138:
91:
76:
65:
28:
26:
2290:Google Play
2225:Writer2epub
2210:QuarkXPress
2185:LibreOffice
2157:eXeLearning
2087:Sumatra PDF
2082:STDU Viewer
1984:Apple Books
1948:Smartphones
1823:FictionBook
1759:RoboBraille
1583:Róża Czacka
1523:Perforation
1320:Independent
1218:(Bhutanese)
953:Greenlandic
624:Azerbaijani
2480:Categories
2375:Wikisource
2343:HathiTrust
2338:Faded Page
2317:Smashwords
2275:BookWalker
2243:Commercial
2027:Kindle app
1848:Plain text
1838:Mobipocket
1311:(obsolete)
1292:(obsolete)
1084:(Pakistan)
995:Belarusian
877:Vietnamese
820:Portuguese
806:Philippine
763:Lithuanian
490:2021-09-10
466:2021-09-03
442:2021-09-03
394:2015-02-27
282:References
174:newspapers
141:references
106:DOTSYS III
47:Production
2358:Australia
2302:Jarir.com
2280:Feedbooks
2270:Booktrack
2215:Scrivener
2127:Aquafadas
2077:Snapplify
1992:Aquafadas
1923:Onyx Boox
1727:Vibratese
1706:Moon type
1699:Decapoint
1380:Eight-dot
1333:Cantonese
1282:Reordered
1245:Inuktitut
1134:Malayalam
1044:Ukrainian
1023:Mongolian
1002:Bulgarian
965:Norwegian
930:Icelandic
721:Hungarian
679:Esperanto
631:Cantonese
226:A Korean
102:embossing
2200:PagePlus
2165:HelpNDoc
2137:Booktype
2012:FBReader
1987:(iBooks)
1962:Software
1943:SoftBook
1363:Japanese
1224:Georgian
1216:Dzongkha
1202:Armenian
1120:Gujarati
985:Cyrillic
916:Estonian
891:Yugoslav
827:Romanian
799:Nigerian
714:Hawaiian
700:Ghanaian
617:Albanian
255:See also
2388:Related
2235:Vendors
2142:Calibre
2112:AbiWord
2100:Editing
2052:Lucifox
2017:Foliate
2007:Calibre
1953:Tablets
1888:Bookeen
1870:Devices
1862:Reading
1828:CBR/CBZ
1810:Formats
1268:Tibetan
1209:Burmese
1195:Amharic
1178:(India)
1155:Sinhala
1148:Punjabi
1127:Kannada
1075:Persian
1030:Russian
970:Swedish
948:Finnish
923:Faroese
898:Zambian
870:Turkish
855:Spanish
778:Maltese
756:Latvian
749:Italian
728:Iñupiaq
707:Guarani
667:English
638:Catalan
555:⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑
550:Braille
357:25 July
335:. SPIE.
188:scholar
68:e-books
41:braille
2491:Ebooks
2363:Canada
2285:Google
2067:Okular
2042:Lector
2032:Kitabu
1979:Aldiko
1802:Ebooks
1688:Other
1561:People
1551:Braigo
1370:Korean
1238:Hebrew
1169:Telugu
1068:Arabic
1058:Arabic
1016:Kyrgyz
1009:Kazakh
943:Danish
841:Slovak
834:Samoan
813:Polish
792:Navajo
693:German
686:French
553:
485:4Blind
266:E-book
190:
183:
176:
169:
161:
94:DOTSYS
35:using
2400:Books
2220:Sigil
2205:Pages
2180:LaTeX
2062:MuPDF
2047:Lektz
1404:(GS8)
1395:Kanji
1253:Khmer
1231:Greek
1162:Tamil
1095:i.e.
1056:i.e.
1037:Tatar
983:i.e.
884:Welsh
785:Māori
742:Irish
660:Dutch
653:Czech
195:JSTOR
181:books
112:as a
66:Some
31:is a
2450:OPDS
2037:Kobo
1997:Blio
1908:iPad
1818:ePub
1176:Urdu
1141:Odia
1082:Urdu
359:2012
261:Book
167:news
1853:IBA
1843:PDF
735:IPA
143:to
2482::
483:.
459:.
435:.
154:.
74:.
27:A
1794:e
1787:t
1780:v
673:)
669:(
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528:v
493:.
469:.
445:.
397:.
361:.
217:)
211:(
206:)
202:(
192:·
185:·
178:·
171:·
148:.
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