20:
100:
Braille embossers usually need special braille paper which is thicker and more expensive than normal paper. Some high-end embossers are capable of printing on normal paper. Embossers can be either one-sided or two-sided. Two-sided embossing requires lining up the dots so they do not overlap (called
92:
Smaller desktop braille embossers are more common and can be found in libraries, universities, and specialist education centers, as well as being privately owned by blind individuals. It may be necessary to use an acoustic cabinet or hood to
65:
As with ink printers and presses, embossers range from those intended for consumers to those used by large publishers. The price of embossers increase with the volume of braille it produces .
208:
108:, which produces copies on soft plastic. However, the resulting braille is not as easily readable as braille that has been freshly embossed, in much the same way that a poor-quality
101:"interpoint" because the points on the other side are placed in between the points on the first side). Two-sided embossing uses less paper and reduces the size of the output.
74:
58:"ink printers," to distinguish them from their braille counterparts. This is often the case regardless of the type of printer being discussed (e.g.,
200:
407:
259:
284:
439:
43:
software, a document or digital text can be embossed with relative ease. This makes braille production efficient and cost-effective.
176:
336:
341:
229:
1509:
312:
81:
to drive the embossing head and can output up to 800 braille characters per second. Adoption was slow at first; in 2000 the
51:
or paid. Braille embossers can emboss single-sided or double-sided (called interpoint) and can produce 6- or 8-dot braille.
86:
104:
Once one copy of a document has been produced, printing further copies is often quicker by means of a device called a
1277:
1263:
1233:
372:
1495:
82:
1502:
1488:
1467:
1612:
1368:
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1435:
85:
said there were only three of these in the US, one owned by the NFB itself and the other two by the
1185:
1171:
476:
790:
1474:
502:
263:
1576:
1481:
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679:
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365:
112:
is not as readable as the original. Hence large publishers do not generally use thermoforms.
1340:
1091:
768:
133:
48:
8:
55:
1326:
1303:
937:
826:
816:
708:
651:
637:
594:
302:
153:
44:
40:
559:
1449:
1442:
1178:
1164:
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965:
875:
854:
833:
761:
693:
552:
510:
462:
318:
308:
278:
181:
National
Library Service for the Blind and Print Disabled (NLS) | Library of Congress
237:
1583:
1521:
1414:
1375:
1361:
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1055:
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1026:
951:
747:
722:
658:
630:
545:
531:
448:
421:
358:
59:
1421:
616:
1407:
1099:
1040:
986:
979:
958:
944:
928:
906:
861:
754:
729:
701:
686:
609:
587:
580:
538:
498:
469:
1544:
1428:
1312:
1292:
1201:
1069:
1000:
899:
847:
840:
672:
665:
644:
623:
524:
517:
148:
78:
32:
73:
The fastest industrial braille embosser is probably the $ 92,000 Belgian-made
1606:
1551:
1400:
1333:
1256:
1226:
1084:
1062:
993:
889:
868:
715:
573:
491:
484:
455:
414:
322:
105:
94:
1007:
972:
913:
400:
307:. William R. Reed. Chicago: American Library Association. pp. 67, 68.
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1354:
1285:
566:
19:
1558:
1537:
1530:
116:
109:
350:
381:
36:
1382:
143:
128:
89:. As of 2008, there are more than 60 in use across the world.
138:
62:
being called "ink printers" even though they use no ink).
16:
Impact printer that renders text as tactile braille cells
23:
A braille embosser showing some pages created on it.
1604:
77:, first produced in 1991, which uses a separate
115:Some embossers can produce "dotty Moon", i.e.,
366:
329:
373:
359:
18:
1605:
342:Royal National Institute for the Blind
283:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1510:American Printing House for the Blind
1286:International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)
938:Devanagari (Hindi / Marathi / Nepali)
354:
304:Assistive technologies in the library
300:
205:The American Foundation for the Blind
296:
294:
171:
169:
380:
13:
87:Watchtower Bible and Tract Society
14:
1624:
291:
166:
83:National Federation of the Blind
211:from the original on 2021-09-12
54:Blind users tend to call other
252:
222:
193:
1:
1278:Gardner–Salinas braille codes
1234:Gardner–Salinas braille codes
159:
35:that renders text as tactile
1489:National Braille Association
1468:Braille Institute of America
1186:Two-cell Chinese (Shuangpin)
7:
1369:Refreshable braille display
1348:Optical braille recognition
945:Bengali (Bangla / Assamese)
477:Chinese (mainland Mandarin)
122:
10:
1629:
1436:Thakur Vishva Narain Singh
337:Writing and producing Moon
301:Mates, Barbara T. (2011).
230:"Braille Monitor, May '00"
1568:
1519:
1459:
1392:
1302:
1248:
1211:
1172:Mainland Chinese Mandarin
1151:
1132:
1113:
1018:
924:
885:
812:
739:
438:
431:
392:
47:software may be free and
1159:Chinese semi-syllabaries
422:Unicode braille patterns
408:International uniformity
68:
1496:Blindness organizations
1475:Braille Without Borders
1264:Canadian currency marks
886:Egyptian lineage family
119:shapes formed by dots.
813:Russian lineage family
95:dampen the noise level
24:
1577:Accessible publishing
1503:Schools for the blind
1482:Japan Braille Library
1271:Computer Braille Code
925:Indian lineage family
22:
1341:Mountbatten Brailler
696:(largely reassigned)
479:(largely reassigned)
134:Mountbatten Brailler
1293:Nemeth braille code
1079:(reassigned vowels)
604:(extended to 8-dot)
240:on 19 February 2012
177:"Braille Embossers"
45:Braille translation
41:braille translation
1613:Braille technology
1327:Braille translator
1304:Braille technology
1280:(science; GS8/GS6)
1249:Symbols in braille
1179:Taiwanese Mandarin
694:Taiwanese Mandarin
201:"Braille Printers"
154:Braille translator
25:
1600:
1599:
1522:tactile alphabets
1450:William Bell Wait
1443:Sabriye Tenberken
1244:
1243:
1109:
1108:
1094:(Japanese vowels)
892:-mediated scripts
819:-mediated scripts
314:978-0-8389-9266-1
1620:
1593:
1586:
1584:Braille literacy
1579:
1561:
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1533:
1512:
1505:
1498:
1491:
1484:
1477:
1470:
1452:
1445:
1438:
1431:
1424:
1417:
1410:
1403:
1385:
1378:
1376:Slate and stylus
1371:
1364:
1362:Perkins Brailler
1357:
1350:
1343:
1336:
1329:
1322:
1320:Braille embosser
1315:
1295:
1288:
1281:
1273:
1266:
1259:
1237:
1229:
1222:
1204:
1197:
1188:
1181:
1174:
1167:
1160:
1144:
1141:American Braille
1125:
1122:Algerian Braille
1102:
1095:
1087:
1080:
1072:
1065:
1058:
1051:
1043:
1036:
1029:
1011:
1003:
996:
989:
982:
975:
968:
961:
954:
947:
940:
917:
909:
902:
878:
871:
864:
857:
850:
843:
836:
829:
803:
798:
793:
786:
781:
776:
771:
764:
757:
750:
737:
736:
732:
725:
718:
711:
704:
697:
689:
682:
675:
668:
661:
654:
647:
640:
633:
626:
619:
612:
605:
597:
590:
583:
576:
569:
562:
555:
548:
541:
534:
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494:
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472:
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458:
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417:
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386:
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368:
361:
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326:
298:
289:
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274:
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262:. Archived from
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250:
249:
247:
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236:. Archived from
226:
220:
219:
217:
216:
197:
191:
190:
188:
187:
173:
75:NV Interpoint 55
60:thermal printers
29:braille embosser
1628:
1627:
1623:
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1487:
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1408:Charles Barbier
1406:
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1225:
1218:
1207:
1200:
1193:
1184:
1177:
1170:
1163:
1158:
1147:
1139:
1133:Frequency-based
1128:
1120:
1105:
1098:
1090:
1083:
1075:
1068:
1061:
1054:
1046:
1039:
1032:
1025:
1014:
1006:
999:
992:
985:
978:
971:
964:
957:
950:
943:
936:
929:Bharati Braille
926:
920:
912:
905:
898:
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874:
867:
860:
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846:
839:
832:
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814:
808:
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796:
789:
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746:
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664:
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579:
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558:
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509:
503:Unified English
497:
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468:
461:
454:
447:
432:Braille scripts
427:
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388:
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349:
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334:
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292:
276:
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269:
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260:"Archived copy"
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185:
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125:
71:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1626:
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1594:
1587:
1580:
1572:
1570:
1569:Related topics
1566:
1565:
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1562:
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1548:
1545:New York Point
1541:
1534:
1526:
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1517:
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1463:
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1454:
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1439:
1432:
1429:Harris Mowbray
1425:
1418:
1411:
1404:
1396:
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1389:
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1386:
1379:
1372:
1365:
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1330:
1323:
1316:
1313:Braille e-book
1308:
1306:
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962:
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948:
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584:
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535:
528:
521:
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495:
488:
481:
473:
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459:
452:
444:
442:
440:French-ordered
433:
429:
428:
426:
425:
418:
411:
404:
396:
394:
390:
389:
378:
377:
370:
363:
355:
347:
346:
328:
313:
290:
251:
221:
192:
164:
163:
161:
158:
157:
156:
151:
149:Braille e-book
146:
141:
136:
131:
124:
121:
79:air compressor
70:
67:
33:impact printer
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1625:
1614:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1592:
1588:
1585:
1581:
1578:
1574:
1573:
1571:
1567:
1560:
1556:
1553:
1552:Night writing
1549:
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1535:
1532:
1528:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1518:
1511:
1507:
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1497:
1493:
1490:
1486:
1483:
1479:
1476:
1472:
1469:
1465:
1464:
1462:
1460:Organisations
1458:
1451:
1447:
1444:
1440:
1437:
1433:
1430:
1426:
1423:
1422:Valentin Haüy
1419:
1416:
1412:
1409:
1405:
1402:
1401:Louis Braille
1398:
1397:
1395:
1391:
1384:
1380:
1377:
1373:
1370:
1366:
1363:
1359:
1356:
1352:
1349:
1345:
1342:
1338:
1335:
1334:Braille watch
1331:
1328:
1324:
1321:
1317:
1314:
1310:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1301:
1294:
1290:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1272:
1268:
1265:
1261:
1258:
1257:Braille music
1254:
1253:
1251:
1247:
1235:
1231:
1228:
1224:
1221:
1220:Luxembourgish
1217:
1216:
1214:
1210:
1203:
1199:
1196:
1192:
1187:
1183:
1180:
1176:
1173:
1169:
1166:
1162:
1161:
1157:
1156:
1154:
1150:
1142:
1138:
1137:
1135:
1131:
1123:
1119:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1071:
1067:
1064:
1060:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1042:
1038:
1035:
1031:
1028:
1024:
1023:
1021:
1019:Other scripts
1017:
1009:
1005:
1002:
998:
995:
991:
988:
984:
981:
977:
974:
970:
967:
963:
960:
956:
953:
949:
946:
942:
939:
935:
934:
932:
930:
923:
915:
911:
908:
904:
901:
897:
896:
894:
891:
884:
877:
873:
870:
866:
863:
859:
856:
852:
849:
845:
842:
838:
835:
831:
828:
824:
823:
821:
818:
811:
800:
795:
792:
791:Northern Sámi
788:
783:
778:
773:
772:
770:
766:
763:
759:
756:
752:
749:
745:
744:
742:
740:Nordic family
738:
731:
727:
724:
720:
717:
713:
710:
706:
703:
699:
695:
691:
688:
684:
681:
680:South African
677:
674:
670:
667:
663:
660:
656:
653:
649:
646:
642:
639:
635:
632:
628:
625:
621:
618:
614:
611:
607:
603:
602:Luxembourgish
599:
596:
592:
589:
585:
582:
578:
575:
571:
568:
564:
561:
557:
554:
550:
547:
543:
540:
536:
533:
529:
526:
522:
519:
515:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
493:
489:
486:
482:
478:
474:
471:
467:
464:
460:
457:
453:
450:
446:
445:
443:
441:
437:
434:
430:
423:
419:
416:
415:ASCII braille
412:
409:
405:
402:
398:
397:
395:
391:
383:
376:
371:
369:
364:
362:
357:
356:
353:
343:
339:
338:
332:
324:
320:
316:
310:
306:
305:
297:
295:
286:
280:
266:on 2011-07-11
265:
261:
255:
239:
235:
231:
225:
210:
206:
202:
196:
182:
178:
172:
170:
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135:
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127:
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120:
118:
113:
111:
107:
102:
98:
96:
90:
88:
84:
80:
76:
66:
63:
61:
57:
52:
50:
46:
42:
39:cells. Using
38:
34:
30:
21:
1319:
1092:Thai and Lao
769:Scandinavian
401:1829 braille
393:Braille cell
335:
331:
303:
268:. Retrieved
264:the original
254:
242:. Retrieved
238:the original
233:
224:
213:. Retrieved
204:
195:
184:. Retrieved
180:
114:
103:
99:
91:
72:
64:
53:
49:open-sourced
28:
26:
1591:RoboBraille
1415:Róża Czacka
1355:Perforation
1152:Independent
1050:(Bhutanese)
785:Greenlandic
456:Azerbaijani
1143:(obsolete)
1124:(obsolete)
916:(Pakistan)
827:Belarusian
709:Vietnamese
652:Portuguese
638:Philippine
595:Lithuanian
270:2008-11-29
244:11 January
215:2021-09-12
186:2021-09-12
160:References
106:thermoform
1559:Vibratese
1538:Moon type
1531:Decapoint
1212:Eight-dot
1165:Cantonese
1114:Reordered
1077:Inuktitut
966:Malayalam
876:Ukrainian
855:Mongolian
834:Bulgarian
797:Norwegian
762:Icelandic
553:Hungarian
511:Esperanto
463:Cantonese
323:713026668
117:Moon type
110:photocopy
1607:Category
1195:Japanese
1056:Georgian
1048:Dzongkha
1034:Armenian
952:Gujarati
817:Cyrillic
748:Estonian
723:Yugoslav
659:Romanian
631:Nigerian
546:Hawaiian
532:Ghanaian
449:Albanian
279:cite web
209:Archived
123:See also
56:printers
1100:Tibetan
1041:Burmese
1027:Amharic
1010:(India)
987:Sinhala
980:Punjabi
959:Kannada
907:Persian
862:Russian
802:Swedish
780:Finnish
755:Faroese
730:Zambian
702:Turkish
687:Spanish
610:Maltese
588:Latvian
581:Italian
560:Iñupiaq
539:Guarani
499:English
470:Catalan
387:⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑
382:Braille
234:nfb.org
37:braille
1520:Other
1393:People
1383:Braigo
1202:Korean
1070:Hebrew
1001:Telugu
900:Arabic
890:Arabic
848:Kyrgyz
841:Kazakh
775:Danish
673:Slovak
666:Samoan
645:Polish
624:Navajo
525:German
518:French
385:
321:
311:
144:E-book
129:Braigo
31:is an
1236:(GS8)
1227:Kanji
1085:Khmer
1063:Greek
994:Tamil
927:i.e.
888:i.e.
869:Tatar
815:i.e.
716:Welsh
617:Māori
574:Irish
492:Dutch
485:Czech
69:Types
1008:Urdu
973:Odia
914:Urdu
319:OCLC
309:ISBN
285:link
246:2022
139:Book
567:IPA
1609::
340:,
317:.
293:^
281:}}
277:{{
232:.
207:.
203:.
179:.
168:^
97:.
27:A
505:)
501:(
374:e
367:t
360:v
344:.
325:.
287:)
273:.
248:.
218:.
189:.
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