Book - Knowledge

1346: 1732: 2217: 1808: 3043:, that adults shared with children before publishing existed. The development of early children's literature, before printing was invented, is difficult to trace. Even after printing became widespread, many classic "children's" tales were originally created for adults and later adapted for a younger audience. Since the fifteenth century much literature has been aimed specifically at children, often with a moral or religious message. Children's literature has been shaped by religious sources, like Puritan traditions, or by more philosophical and scientific standpoints with the influences of Charles Darwin and John Locke. The late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries are known as the "Golden Age of Children's Literature" because many classic children's books were published then. 29: 2169: 3352: 2451: 2393:. In the middle of last century there were still many trade binders—stand-alone binding companies which did no printing, specializing in binding alone. At that time, because of the dominance of letterpress printing, typesetting and printing took place in one location, and binding in a different factory. When type was all metal, a typical book's worth of type would be bulky, fragile and heavy. The less it was moved in this condition the better: so printing would be carried out in the same location as the typesetting. Printed sheets on the other hand could easily be moved. Now, because of increasing 3048: 59: 3006: 2776: 1614: 3694: 1256: 1860: 2684: 1508: 852: 1334:, each text was a unique handcrafted valuable article, personalized through the design features incorporated by the scribe, owner, bookbinder, and illustrator. Its creation marked a pivotal moment for book production. Innovations like movable type and steam-powered presses accelerated manufacturing processes and contributed to increased literacy rates. Copyright protection also emerged, securing authors' rights and shaping the publishing landscape. The Late Modern Period introduced 3778: 3446: 1703: 6357: 6367: 2414:"Making cases" happens off-line and prior to the book's arrival at the binding line. In the most basic case-making, two pieces of cardboard are placed onto a glued piece of cloth with a space between them into which is glued a thinner board cut to the width of the spine of the book. The overlapping edges of the cloth (about 5/8" all round) are folded over the boards, and pressed down to adhere. After case-making the stack of cases will go to the 2146:(still smaller). Historically, these terms referred to the format of the book, a technical term used by printers and bibliographers to indicate the size of a leaf in terms of the size of the original sheet. For example, a quarto was a book printed on sheets of paper folded in half twice, with the first fold at right angles to the second, to produce 4 leaves (or 8 pages), each leaf one fourth the size of the original sheet printed – note that a 3198: 6347: 3297:(ISBD) in order to standardize descriptions in bibliographies and library catalogs. Each book is specified by an International Standard Book Number, or ISBN, which is meant to be unique to every edition of every book produced by participating publishers, worldwide. It is managed by the ISBN Society. An ISBN has four parts: the first part is the country code, the second the publisher code, and the third the title code. The last part is a 3126: 2631: 2296: 2522: 2867: 2367:. Included in make-ready is the time taken to mount the plate onto the machine, clean up any mess from the previous job, and get the press up to speed. As soon as the pressman decides that the printing is correct, all the make-ready sheets will be discarded, and the press will start making books. Similar make readies take place in the folding and binding areas, each involving spoilage of paper. 1429: 1992: 2455: 2453: 2458: 2457: 2452: 2459: 1342:

potential decline of physical books have surfaced, print media has proven remarkably resilient, continuing to thrive as a multi-billion dollar industry. Additionally, efforts to make literature more inclusive emerged, with the development of Braille for the visually impaired and the creation of spoken books, providing alternative ways for individuals to access and enjoy literature.

6570: 3276: 2456: 2406:" using needles, "McCain sewing", using drilled holes often used in schoolbook binding, or "notch binding", where gashes about an inch long are made at intervals through the fold in the spine of each signature. The rest of the binding process is similar in all instances. Sewn and notch bound books can be bound as either hardbacks or paperbacks. 2460: 1209:: for the purpose of recording national statistics on book production, it recommended that a book be defined as "a non-periodical printed publication of at least 49 pages, exclusive of the cover pages, published in the country and made available to the public", distinguishing them from other written material such as 2705:, though other types exist beyond this. Other books, which remain unpublished or are primarily published as part of different business functions (such as phone directories) may not be sold by bookstores or collected by libraries. Manuscripts, logbooks and other records may be classified and stored differently by 3708:

and usually proceeds from a cultural, religious, or political opposition to the materials in question. Book burning can be an act of contempt for the book's contents or author, intended to draw wider public attention to this opposition, or conceal the information contained in the text from being made

3547:

and correspondence, and then developing over time with different forms of literary criticism by professional and academic critics. For the publishing industry the "book review" is an important part of increasing awareness and reception of a book: able to make or break the public opinion about a newly

3315:

Commercial publishers in industrialized countries generally assign ISBNs to their books, so buyers may presume that the ISBN is part of a total international system, with no exceptions. However, many government publishers, in industrial as well as developing countries, do not participate fully in the

3178:

Personal and public libraries, archives and other forms of book collection have led to the creation of many different organization and classification strategies. In the 19th and 20th century, libraries and library professionals systematized book collecting and classification systems to respond to the

2397:

of preparing a book for the printer, the typesetting part of the job has flowed upstream, where it is done either by separately contracting companies working for the publisher, by the publishers themselves, or even by the authors. Mergers in the book manufacturing industry mean that it is now unusual

3506:

Historically, book restoration techniques were less formalized and carried out by various roles and training backgrounds. Nowadays, the conservation of paper documents and books is often performed by a professional conservator. Many paper or book conservators are members of a professional body, such

3266:

or academic library, for example. Libraries may also be community hubs, where programs are made available and people engage in lifelong learning. Modern libraries extend their services beyond the physical walls of the building by providing material accessible by electronic means, including from home

2352:, which are fed by a continuous roll of paper, and can consequently print more copies in a shorter time. As the production line circulates, a complete "book" is collected together in one stack of pages, and another machine carries out the folding, pleating, and stitching of the pages into bundles of 1186:

has suggested that when studying how books have been used to communicate, they should be defined in a broadly inclusive way as "portable, durable, replicable and legible" means of recording and disseminating information, rather than relying on physical or contextual features. This would include, for

3639:

is "the regulation of free speech and other forms of entrenched authority". Censors typically identify as either a concerned parent, community members who react to a text without reading, or local or national organizations. Books have been censored by authoritarian dictatorships to silence dissent,

1722:

was inscribed with a knife pen on rectangular cut and cured palm leaf sheets; coloring was then applied to the surface and wiped off, leaving the ink in the incised grooves. Each sheet typically had a hole through which a string could pass, and with these the sheets were tied together with a string

1555:

at the end of the first century, where he praises its compactness. However, the codex never gained much popularity in the pagan Hellenistic world, and only within the Christian community did it gain widespread use. This change happened gradually during the 3rd and 4th centuries, and the reasons for

2267:

are usually specified as "trim size": the size of the page after the sheet has been folded and trimmed. The standard sizes result from sheet sizes (therefore machine sizes) which became popular 200 or 300 years ago, and have come to dominate the industry. British conventions in this regard prevail

1933:

to works, then arranges for them to be produced and sold. The major steps of the publishing process are: editing and proofreading the work to be published; designing the printed book; manufacturing the books; and selling the books, including marketing and promotion. Each of these steps is usually

1341:

The 20th century witnessed the advent of typewriters, computers, and desktop publishing, transforming document creation and printing. Digital advancements in the 21st century led to the rise of ebooks, propelled by the popularity of ereaders and accessibility features. While discussions about the

2374:

rather than ink. Each book is printed in one pass, not as separate signatures. Digital printing has permitted the manufacture of much smaller quantities than offset, in part because of the absence of make readies and of spoilage. Digital printing has opened up the possibility of print-on-demand,

1883:

typesetting machines were introduced in the late 19th century. They could set more than 6,000 letters per hour and an entire line of type at once. There have been numerous improvements in the printing press. In mid-20th century, European book production had risen to over 200,000 titles per year.

1217:

have critiqued this definition for failing to account for new digital formats. They propose four criteria (a minimum length; textual content; a form with defined boundaries; and "information architecture" like linear structure and certain textual elements) that form a "hierarchy of the book", in

3503:

for books and documents, including boxes and shelving to prevent further damage and promote long term storage. Carefully chosen methods and techniques of active conservation can both reverse damage and prevent further damage in batches or single-item treatments based on the value of the book or

3376:, which means "data about data" is information about a book. Metadata about a book may include its title, ISBN or other classification number (see above), the names of contributors (author, editor, illustrator) and publisher, its date and size, the language of the text, its subject matter, etc. 3217:

and media, that is accessible for use by its members and members of allied institutions. Libraries provide physical (hard copies) or digital (soft copies) materials, and may be a physical location, a virtual space, or both. A library's collection normally includes printed materials which may be

3218:

borrowed, and usually also includes a reference section of publications which may only be utilized inside the premises. Resources such as commercial releases of films, television programs, other video recordings, radio, music and audio recordings may be available in many formats. These include

3367:

system. Both systems are biased towards subjects which were well represented in US libraries when they were developed, and hence have problems handling new subjects, such as computing, or subjects relating to other cultures. Information about books and authors can be stored in databases like

2093:, which includes all textual material after the front cover but not part of the book's content such as a foreword, a dedication, a table of contents and publisher data such as the book's edition or printing number and place of publication. Between the body copy and the back cover goes the 1679:

Because of the difficulties involved in making and copying books, they were expensive and rare. Smaller monasteries usually had only a few dozen books. By the 9th century, larger collections held around 500 volumes and even at the end of the Middle Ages, the papal library in

1299:. It aims to demonstrate that the book as an object, not just the text contained within it, is a conduit of interaction between readers and words. Analysis of each component part of the book can reveal its purpose, where and how it was kept, who read it, ideological and 1181:

It is difficult to create a precise definition of the book that clearly delineates it from other kinds of written material across time and culture. The meaning of the term has changed substantially over time with the evolution of communication media. Historian of books

3245:

Libraries can vary widely in size and may be organized and maintained by a public body such as a government, an institution (such as a school or museum), a corporation, or a private individual. In addition to providing materials, libraries also provide the services of

3580:, an opinion piece, a summary review, or a scholarly view. Books can be reviewed for printed periodicals, magazines, and newspapers, as school work, or for book websites on the Internet. A book review's length may vary from a single paragraph to a substantial 2812:

Reference books are non-fiction books intended to be quickly referred to for information, rather than read beginning to end. The writing style used in these works is informative; the authors avoid opinions and the use of the first person, and emphasize facts.

1306:

The earliest forms of writing were etched on tablets, transitioning to palm leaves and papyrus in ancient times. Parchment and paper later emerged as important substrates for bookmaking, introducing greater durability and accessibility. Across regions like

3675:, which do not always carry legal force. Censorship can be enacted at the national or subnational level as well, and can carry legal penalties. In many cases, the authors of these books could face harsh sentences, exile from the country, or even execution. 2127:

The size of a book is generally measured by the height against the width of a leaf, or sometimes the height and width of its cover. A series of terms commonly used by contemporary libraries and publishers for the general sizes of modern books ranges from

2356:(sections of pages) ready to go into the gathering line. The pages of a book are printed two at a time, not as one complete book. Excess numbers are printed to make up for any spoilage due to make-readies or test pages to assure final print quality. 1323:, diverse methods of book production evolved. The Middle Ages saw the rise of illuminated manuscripts, intricately blending text and imagery, particularly during the Mughal era in South Asia under the patronage of rulers like Akbar and Shah Jahan. 2454: 3588:

may evaluate the book based on personal taste. Reviewers may use the occasion of a book review for an extended essay that can be closely or loosely related to the subject of the book, or to promulgate their ideas on the topic of a fiction or

2472:

Accessible publishing is an approach to publishing and book design whereby books and other texts are made available in alternative formats designed to aid or replace the reading process. It is particularly relevant for people who are blind,

3254:

Library buildings often provide quiet areas for studying, as well as common areas for group study and collaboration, and may provide public facilities for access to their electronic resources, such as computers and access to the Internet.

2740:

is the most common form of fiction book. Novels are extended works of narrative fiction, typically featuring a plot, setting, themes and characters. The novel has had a tremendous impact on entertainment and publishing markets. A

1556:

adopting the codex form of the book were several: the format was more economical than the scroll, as both sides of the writing material can be used; and it was portable, searchable, and easier to conceal. The Christian

2401:

If the book is a hardback its path through the bindery will involve more points of activity than if it is a paperback. Unsewn binding is now increasingly common. The signatures of a book can also be held together by

2263:. When a book is printed, the pages are laid out on the plate so that after the printed sheet is folded the pages will be in the correct sequence. Books tend to be manufactured nowadays in a few standard sizes. The 3024:

or juvenile literature includes stories, books, magazines, and poems that are created for children. Modern children's literature is classified in two different ways: genre or the intended age of the reader, from

2069:. Although there is great variation in layout, modern books tend to adhere to a set of rules with regard to what the parts of the layout are and what their content usually includes. A basic layout will include a 3250:

who are trained experts in finding, selecting, circulating and organising information while interpreting information needs and navigating and analyzing large amounts of information with a variety of resources.

3652:. Books are most often censored for age appropriateness, offensive language, sexual content, amongst other reasons. Similarly, religions may issue lists of banned books, such as the historical example of the 2097:

which would include any indices, sets of tables, diagrams, glossaries or lists of cited works (though an edited book with several authors usually places cited works at the end of each authored chapter). The

4924: 4703: 3480:. The primary goal of conservation is to extend the lifespan of the object as well as maintaining its integrity by keeping all additions reversible. Conservation of books and paper involves techniques of 2236:. Traditionally, book papers are off-white or low-white papers (easier to read), are opaque to minimize the show-through of text from one side of the page to the other and are (usually) made to tighter 3457: 3438: 8001: 6268: 3765:, copies of the destroyed books survive, but the instance of book burning becomes emblematic of a harsh and oppressive regime which is seeking to censor or silence some aspect of prevailing culture. 2617:

rather than books. It was not until the 1980s that the medium began to attract book retailers, and then book retailers started displaying audiobooks on bookshelves rather than in separate displays.

1668:, writing surfaces made from processed animal skin. The parchment had to be prepared, then the unbound pages were planned and ruled with a blunt tool or lead, after which the text was written by a 952:(containing content intended as factual truth). A physical book may not contain such a work: for example, it may contain only drawings, engravings, photographs, puzzles, or removable content like 2537:

of computers or other electronic devices. Although sometimes defined as "an electronic version of a printed book", some ebooks exist without a printed equivalent. Ebooks can be read on dedicated

1641:

Manuscripts, handwritten and hand-copied documents, were the only form of writing before the invention and widespread adoption of print. Advances were made in the techniques used to create them.

1789:, began to be produced by this method. Creating an entire book was a painstaking process, requiring a hand-carved block for each page, and the wooden blocks could crack if stored for too long. 2560:

In some markets, the sale of printed books has decreased due to the increased use of ebooks. However, printed books still largely outsell ebooks, and many people have a preference for print.

1848:. This invention gradually made books less expensive to produce and more widely available. Early printed books, single sheets and images which were created before 1501 in Europe are known as 2574:

An audiobook or talking book is a recording of a book or other work being read out loud. A reading of the complete text is described as "unabridged", while readings of shorter versions are

5138: 2154:

is one side of a leaf. Because the actual format of many modern books cannot be determined from examination of the books, bibliographers may not use these terms in scholarly descriptions.

5568: 2282:

or "bound proofs" for promotional purposes, such as generating reviews in advance of publication. Galleys are usually made as cheaply as possible, since they are not intended for sale.

1925:

Presently, books are typically produced by a publishing company in order to be put on the market by distributors and bookstores. The publisher negotiates a formal legal agreement with

8459: 3290: 1345: 2533:

An ebook (short for electronic book), also spelled e-book or eBook, is a book publication made available in electronic form, consisting of text, images, or both, readable on the

2110:

and maybe a photograph of the author(s)/ editor(s), perhaps with a short introduction to them. Also here often appear plot summaries, barcodes and excerpted reviews of the book.

8450: 7996: 1875:

Steam-powered printing presses became popular in the early 19th century. These machines could print 1,100 sheets per hour, but workers could only set 2,000 letters per hour.

4096:"Revised Recommendation Concerning the International Standardization of Statistics on the Production and Distribution of Books, Newspapers and Periodicals 1 November 1985" 7914: 7438: 7364: 5105: 2943:

consider to be of central importance to their religious tradition. They often feature a compilation or discussion of beliefs, ritual practices, moral commandments and

1691:

The rise of universities in the 13th century led to an increased demand for books, and a new system for copying appeared. The books were divided into unbound leaves (

7970: 7443: 5072: 4640: 2824:

is a book or set of books designed to have more in-depth articles on many topics. A book listing words, their etymology, meanings, and other information is called a

2370:

Recent developments in book manufacturing include the development of digital printing. Book pages are printed, in much the same way as an office copier works, using

7829: 4908: 4695: 3704:

is the deliberate destruction by fire of books or other written materials, usually carried out in a public context. The burning of books represents an element of

3324:

system. The call number is placed on the spine of the book, normally a short distance before the bottom, and inside. Institutional or national standards, such as

8056: 2224:

The methods used for the printing and binding of books continued fundamentally unchanged from the 15th century into the early 20th century. While there was more

1731: 1303:

of the period, and whether readers interacted with the text within. Even a lack of such evidence can leave valuable clues about the nature of a particular book.

8066: 7955: 3543:

The impact of books can be various, and record of that reception comes in several formats: starting with initial public reception in contemporary newspapers,

7991: 1587:). Those written before the Spanish conquests seem all to have been single long sheets folded concertina-style, sometimes written on both sides of the local 8206: 8016: 7930: 1755:

In woodblock printing, a relief image of an entire page is carved into blocks of wood, inked, and used to print copies of that page. It originated in the

8171: 8151: 8101: 3913: 2348:

Some books, particularly those with shorter runs (i.e. with fewer copies) will be printed on sheet-fed offset presses, but most books are now printed on

2216: 4952: 5041: 1123:) refers to a primary school textbook that helps young children master the techniques of reading and writing. It is thus conjectured that the earliest 4737: 2192:

While some form of book illustration has existed since the invention of writing, the modern Western tradition of illustration began with 15th-century

8482: 8467: 8031: 7618: 7433: 5537: 5269: 3485: 2268:

throughout the English-speaking world, except for the US. The European book manufacturing industry works to a completely different set of standards.

2113:

The body of the books is usually divided into parts, chapters, sections and sometimes subsections that are composed of at least a paragraph or more.

8505: 8231: 8226: 8221: 8201: 8061: 7950: 7945: 3294: 5128: 8500: 8472: 8156: 8141: 8126: 8121: 8086: 8006: 7357: 3419: 1975:

Book design is the art of incorporating the content, style, format, design, and sequence of the various elements of a book into a coherent unit.

5576: 2836:. A specialized reference work giving information about a particular field or technique, often intended for professional use, is often called a 9066: 8436: 8176: 7960: 7593: 5428: 4258: 1695:), which were lent out to different copyists, so the speed of book production was considerably increased. The system was maintained by secular 4400: 9051: 8894: 8543: 8186: 8181: 8166: 8161: 8111: 8071: 8051: 8041: 936:

As a conceptual object, a book refers to a written work of substantial length, which may be distributed either physically or digitally as an

4430: 8106: 3320:. Codes called "call numbers" relate the books to the catalogue, and determine their locations on the shelves. Call numbers are based on a 1164:

refers to a physical book's written, printed, or graphic contents. A single part or division of a longer written work may also be called a

5008: 2786:

Non-fiction books are in principle based on fact, encompassing subjects such as history, politics, social and cultural issues, as well as

1911:) much easier and more affordable, and has allowed publishers to keep low-selling books in print rather than declaring them out of print. 8487: 8216: 8211: 8146: 8091: 8081: 8036: 6729: 5214: 4834: 1660:, and the clergy were the predominant readers and copyists. The bookmaking process was long and laborious. They were usually written on 8477: 7350: 5506: 1938:, where an author pays for the production and distribution of their own work and manages some or all steps of the publishing process. 9061: 8191: 8136: 8116: 7548: 4969: 4281: 2767:

are books in which the story is illustrated. The characters and narrators use speech or thought bubbles to express verbal language.

8196: 8046: 8021: 7986: 7448: 6976: 6403: 3717: 2278:

books have cheaper, flexible covers which tend to be less durable. Publishers may produce low-cost pre-publication copies known as

1657: 1481:

around the 10th or 9th century BC. Whether made from papyrus, parchment, or paper, scrolls were the dominant writing medium in the

5365: 2240:

or thickness specifications, particularly for case-bound books. Different paper qualities are used depending on the type of book:

9741: 8131: 8076: 7935: 2232:

in 1900 still used movable metal type assembled into words, lines, and pages to create copies. Modern paper books are printed on

1541:) of trees or vines, as if it were a wooden stock, because it contains in itself a multitude of books, as it were of branches". 9761: 8096: 8011: 5097:"Gen Zers are bookworms but say they're shunning e-books because of eye strain, digital detoxing, and their love for libraries" 1807: 8441: 5673: 5245: 5208: 5173: 4918: 4865: 4828: 4801: 4634: 4488: 4337: 4312: 4115: 4079: 3709:

public, such as diaries or ledgers. Burning and other methods of destruction are together known as biblioclasm or libricide.

3369: 3325: 1537:(VI.13): "A codex is composed of many books; a book is of one scroll. It is called codex by way of metaphor from the trunks ( 5096: 4494: 9771: 8026: 5299: 3857: 880: 5064: 4624: 2499:

Accessible publishing has been made easier through developments in technology such as print on demand, ebook readers, the

9736: 3508: 630: 1817: 1267:

The history of books became an acknowledged academic discipline in the 1980s. Contributions to the field have come from

9716: 8821: 7633: 6517: 6315: 5404: 3608: 3413: 3385: 3364: 4588: 3828: 8884: 8536: 5764: 5733: 5710: 5614: 4574: 4539: 4461: 3165: 2670: 2335: 2173: 28: 9114: 8363: 7653: 6129: 5628: 3756: 3516: 3424: 2085:. The front cover often bears the book's title (and subtitle, if any) and the name of its author or editor(s). The 1375:

Some of the earliest written records were made on tablets. Clay tablets (flattened pieces of clay impressed with a

5262: 4696:"How the Earlier Media Achieved Critical Mass: Printing Press;Yelling 'Stop the Presses!' Didn't Happen Overnight" 7598: 7498: 5795: 4661: 3879: 3408: 1226: 3039:, that have only been identified as children's literature in the eighteenth century, and songs, part of a wider 1844:

independently invented movable type in Europe, along with innovations in casting the type based on a matrix and

8831: 7538: 6236: 5288: 3612: 3391: 3147: 2652: 2317: 1338:, catering to a wider range of readers, and mechanization of the printing process further enhanced efficiency. 531: 3905: 2089:

page is usually left blank in both hardcover and paperback books. The next section, if present, is the book's

9081: 7879: 7809: 7766: 7518: 7478: 6485: 4945:

Gardiner, Eileen and Ronald G. Musto. "The Electronic Book." In Suarez, Michael Felix, and H. R. Woudhuysen.

3641: 3460:

is an activity dedicated to extending the life of items of historical and personal value made primarily from

2241: 1907:" technologies, which make it possible to print as few as one book at a time, have made self-publishing (and 5031: 2820:

is a very general reference book, usually one-volume, with lists of data and information on many topics. An

2363:

is the preparatory work carried out by the pressmen to get the printing press up to the required quality of

982:

at both regular stores and specialized bookstores, as well as online for delivery, and can be borrowed from

9076: 9046: 8529: 8241: 7814: 7588: 7503: 7488: 6969: 6396: 4742: 3402: 3360: 1567:

had the same form as the European codex, but were instead made with long folded strips of either fig bark (

5545: 5273: 3351: 3336:, or the name of the author) on book spines, and on "shelvable" book-like objects, such as containers for 9679: 9131: 9041: 8594: 7894: 6460: 6139: 3658: 2484:

Alternative formats that have been developed to aid different people to read include varieties of larger

1899:

means that new information is often published online rather than in printed books, for example through a

1133:, meaning a book in the modern sense (bound and with separate leaves), originally meant "block of wood". 9056: 9036: 8358: 7628: 6144: 5957: 3450: 2493: 2233: 1961:. They were estimated to make up almost 60 percent of the market for general-readership books in 2021. 1560:

may also have wanted to distinguish their writings from the pagan and Judaic texts written on scrolls.

771: 756: 670: 1218:

which formats that fulfill more criteria are considered more similar to the traditional printed book.

997:

The modern book industry has seen several major changes due to new technologies, including ebooks and

8398: 7513: 7508: 6588: 4518:. Edd. Frances Young, Lewis Ayres, Andrew Louth, Ron White. Cambridge University Press 2004, pp. 8–9. 3573:

in which a book is merely described (summary review) or analyzed based on content, style, and merit.

3520: 3500: 3061: 1718:

In India, bound manuscripts made of birch bark or palm leaf had existed since antiquity. The text in

1564: 1350: 9071: 3712:

In some cases, the destroyed works are irreplaceable and their burning constitutes a severe loss to

1887:

During the 20th century, libraries faced an ever-increasing rate of publishing, sometimes called an

9756: 9684: 9556: 9254: 7663: 6928: 6124: 5689: 4354: 3021: 2998: 873: 338: 6795: 9817: 9731: 9453: 9393: 8973: 8917: 8403: 8388: 7834: 7726: 7528: 7468: 7393: 6988: 6962: 6704: 6389: 5926: 5748: 5657: 4677: 4422: 4063: 3736: 3495:

Book and paper conservation seeks to prevent and, in some cases, reverse damage due to handling,

3302: 3136: 2641: 2364: 2306: 2245: 1512: 1233:(a physical book) or a definite number of volumes (such as a multi-volume novel), in contrast to 1124: 810: 781: 776: 241: 4138:

Kovač, Miha; Phillips, Angus; van der Weel, Adriaan; Wischenbart, Ruediger (September 1, 2019).

3316:

ISBN system, and publish books which do not have ISBNs. A large or public collection requires a

2877:

Books with technical information on how to do something or how to use some equipment are called

9822: 9526: 9295: 9204: 9013: 8729: 8685: 8495: 7899: 7756: 7721: 7473: 7403: 6734: 6490: 6009: 5850: 5000: 4139: 3321: 3239: 2947:, ethical conduct, spiritual aspirations, and admonitions for fostering a religious community. 1462: 941: 820: 262: 7342: 5756: 5198: 4818: 3992: 3635:

is the act of some authority taking measures to suppress ideas and information within a book.

9751: 9003: 8978: 8755: 8664: 8576: 8418: 8383: 7889: 7751: 7638: 7523: 7377: 7213: 7116: 7027: 7022: 6860: 6709: 6295: 6226: 5921: 5338: 3143: 2648: 2445: 2353: 2313: 1892: 1888: 1238: 1230: 1006: 786: 751: 735: 706: 211: 20: 5514: 4355:"E-readers and the death of the book: Or, new media and the myth of the disappearing medium" 3595:

Some journals are devoted to book reviews, and reviews are indexed in databases such as the

3258:

The library's clientele and general services offered vary depending on its type: users of a

2840:. Books which try to list references and abstracts in a certain broad area may be called an 2721:

Fiction books contain invented material, typically narratives. Other literary forms such as

9536: 9107: 8993: 8958: 8912: 8800: 8760: 8745: 7859: 7804: 7716: 7543: 6780: 6026: 5882: 4882: 3512: 3477: 3397: 3014: 1958: 1942: 1941:

English-language publishing is currently dominated by the so-called "Big Five" publishers:

1719: 1645: 1608: 521: 393: 58: 5492:

Swan, John. 1991. "The Satanic Verses," the "Fatwa," and Its Aftermath: A Review Article.

5311: 4977: 4626:

Singing to the Jinas: Jain Laywomen, Mandal Singing, and the Negotiations of Jain Devotion

2541:

devices and on any computer device that features a controllable viewing screen, including

8: 9786: 9776: 9541: 8552: 8510: 8373: 8273: 7854: 7771: 7746: 7736: 7643: 7568: 7458: 7428: 7398: 6512: 6500: 6470: 5867: 5788: 5665: 4765: 4071: 3097: 3047: 3030: 2795: 2706: 1954: 1946: 1685: 1396: 1268: 1234: 1174: 1096: 1074: 866: 725: 433: 353: 328: 232: 4273: 4057: 4030: 1531:(died 636) explained the then-current relation between a codex, book, and scroll in his 1527:

along one edge and typically held between two covers made of some more robust material.

1021:

estimated in 2010 that approximately 130 million total unique books had been published.

9812: 9463: 9338: 9328: 9154: 9149: 8963: 8599: 8571: 8368: 7711: 7608: 7603: 7463: 6923: 6918: 6850: 6443: 6332: 6241: 5683: 5422: 5373: 5162: 5133: 4392: 4252: 3762: 3672: 3667: 3607:; but many more book reviews can be found in newspaper and scholarly databases such as 3570: 3538: 3333: 3093: 2878: 2849: 2841: 2534: 2489: 2260: 2253: 2196:, in which the book's text and images were cut into the same block. Techniques such as 2185: 1841: 1778: 1750: 1528: 1482: 1070: 1043: 987: 801: 730: 715: 625: 485: 415: 410: 378: 368: 333: 206: 6656: 3005: 2775: 1814:, the earliest known book printed with movable metal type, printed in Korea, in 1377, 9674: 9586: 9581: 9516: 9496: 9448: 9363: 9343: 9313: 9019: 8907: 8874: 8695: 8616: 8353: 7869: 7553: 7493: 7483: 7373: 7208: 7017: 6808: 6772: 6754: 6744: 6714: 6674: 6505: 6438: 6366: 6210: 6041: 5845: 5760: 5729: 5706: 5669: 5620: 5610: 5410: 5400: 5251: 5241: 5204: 5179: 5169: 4914: 4861: 4824: 4797: 4630: 4580: 4570: 4545: 4535: 4484: 4457: 4384: 4333: 4308: 4198: 4159: 4111: 4075: 4012: 3973: 3713: 3597: 3473: 3202: 2961: 2906: 2861: 2594: 2474: 2249: 2163: 1908: 1769: 1618: 1613: 1466: 1380: 1354: 1300: 856: 825: 815: 589: 490: 363: 348: 297: 194: 4396: 4228:

Blair, Sheila; Bloom, Jonathan (1997). "Penmen and Painters: The Arts of the Book".

4107: 9669: 9473: 9428: 9378: 9008: 8922: 8644: 8566: 8348: 8258: 7940: 7578: 7131: 6628: 6350: 6310: 6278: 6109: 5752: 5661: 5468: 5442: 5363: 5101: 4374: 4366: 4190: 4151: 4103: 4067: 4004: 3965: 3802: 3792: 3075: 2918: 2886: 2542: 2478: 2168: 1880: 1786: 1653: 1523:

The codex is the ancestor of the modern book, consisting of sheets of uniform size

1433: 1296: 1250: 1148:

In its modern incarnation, a book is typically composed of many pages (commonly of

1092: 1088: 1066: 1062: 1002: 766: 512: 470: 373: 182: 8413: 4858:

Bookbinding and the conservation of books: a dictionary of descriptive terminology

4095: 3693: 3492:, and other material technologies including preservation and archival techniques. 3082:. These books are rarely published and are typically destroyed or remain private. 9781: 9691: 9623: 9511: 9323: 9274: 9100: 8983: 8780: 8770: 8717: 8700: 8626: 8408: 8318: 8293: 8283: 8278: 7874: 7789: 7761: 7533: 7316: 6767: 6537: 6433: 6321: 6104: 6099: 6031: 6021: 5702: 4956: 4791: 4478: 3729: 3653: 3632: 3626: 3544: 3317: 3263: 3066:

Many books are only used to record personal ideas, notes, and accounts, such as

2787: 2550: 2043: 2025: 1935: 1904: 1900: 1876: 1634: 1622: 1486: 1331: 1255: 1229:

the term is used more broadly to mean any non-serial publication complete in one

1160:) that are bound together along one edge and protected by a cover. By extension, 991: 840: 797: 541: 398: 388: 122: 66: 37: 33: 5397:

Culture Wars in America : an Encyclopedia of Issues, Viewpoints, and Voices

4178: 3445: 2725:

are included in the broad category. Most fiction is additionally categorized by

2398:

to find a bindery which is not also involved in book printing (and vice versa).

1934:

taken on by third-party companies paid by the publisher. This is in contrast to

1859: 9807: 9746: 9726: 9443: 9438: 9224: 9219: 8932: 8902: 8838: 8805: 8775: 8724: 8611: 8606: 8393: 8378: 8313: 8263: 7884: 7799: 7573: 7418: 7331: 7012: 6785: 6689: 6684: 6646: 6527: 6360: 6327: 6253: 6168: 6163: 6134: 6114: 5947: 5862: 5781: 5569:"A Brief History of Book Burning, From the Printing Press to Internet Archives" 4194: 4155: 3797: 3752: 3663: 3603: 3577: 3259: 3040: 2934: 2922: 2807: 2614: 2586: 1777:

when used in art) arrived in Europe in the early 14th century. Books (known as

1490: 1446: 1327: 1292: 961: 761: 665: 480: 403: 292: 199: 41: 6613: 4008: 3953: 3359:

One of the earliest and most widely known systems of cataloguing books is the

3238:. They may also provide access to information, music or other content held on 2913:, which are published with spaces or blanks to be filled by them for study or 2683: 2065:

Modern books are organized according to a particular format called the book's

1707: 1507: 9801: 9766: 9491: 9290: 9249: 9199: 9174: 8988: 8795: 8765: 8649: 8634: 8323: 8253: 7819: 7673: 7583: 7306: 7192: 7177: 7146: 7136: 7121: 7078: 7062: 6623: 6258: 6066: 6036: 5984: 5414: 5255: 5183: 4766:"Memorandum Opinion [Redacted] | United States Department of Justice" 4584: 4388: 4370: 4202: 4163: 4016: 3977: 3969: 3740: 3733: 3496: 3231: 3026: 2944: 2764: 2726: 2598: 2526: 2465: 2415: 2375:

where no books are printed until after an order is received from a customer.

2225: 1950: 1782: 1458: 1414:(block of wood) suggests that it may have developed from wooden wax tablets. 1260: 1199: 933:

process is the series of steps involved in their creation and dissemination.

835: 675: 635: 383: 358: 343: 282: 6830: 5624: 4738:"What is the difference between traditional publishing and self-publishing?" 4179:"Ripping off the cover: Has digitization changed what's really in the book?" 9654: 9616: 9576: 9259: 9239: 9234: 9214: 8333: 8288: 7864: 7824: 7311: 7285: 7156: 7093: 6845: 6694: 6370: 6231: 5979: 5964: 5894: 5877: 4549: 4454:

Scribes, Script, and Books: The Book Arts from Antiquity to the Renaissance

3783: 3748: 3701: 3686: 3649: 3645: 3458:

conservation and restoration of books, manuscripts, documents, and ephemera

3439:

Conservation and restoration of books, manuscripts, documents, and ephemera

3332:

Z39.41 – 1997, establish the correct way to place information (such as the

3085: 2821: 2602: 2403: 2279: 2229: 2181: 1830: 1798: 1580: 1410:) is a possible precursor of modern bound books. The etymology of the word 1284: 1276: 1137: 1018: 910: 550: 475: 277: 177: 165: 4564: 1840:, but there are no known surviving examples of his printing. Around 1450, 9633: 9611: 9571: 9546: 9531: 9506: 9478: 9408: 9403: 9305: 9144: 8968: 8826: 8785: 8639: 8268: 7904: 7849: 7794: 7741: 7701: 7558: 7408: 7321: 7275: 7088: 7042: 7037: 6943: 6933: 6870: 6603: 6593: 6547: 6480: 6475: 6420: 6412: 6173: 6083: 5994: 5969: 5931: 5916: 5835: 5828: 5818: 5604: 4946: 3721: 3590: 3566: 3558: 3481: 3449:

A conservation technician examining an artwork under a microscope at the

3298: 3109: 2754: 2702: 2590: 2575: 2427: 2384: 2205: 1984: 1970: 1756: 1673: 1584: 1533: 1524: 1474: 1400: 1366: 1312: 1288: 1183: 1034: 1014: 979: 957: 949: 926: 914: 898: 697: 536: 526: 424: 267: 137: 127: 100: 4529: 4379: 1702: 9696: 9664: 9659: 9638: 9596: 9348: 9269: 9159: 8848: 8750: 8328: 8308: 7839: 7706: 7696: 7648: 7453: 7280: 7126: 7108: 7057: 6905: 6886: 6825: 6699: 6679: 6664: 6578: 6532: 6448: 6425: 6248: 5952: 5889: 5823: 4483:. Dáibhí ó Cróinin. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 11. 3849: 3777: 3705: 3636: 3341: 3150: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 3101: 3089: 3036: 3010: 2825: 2780: 2760: 2655: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2554: 2394: 2320: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2193: 2011: 1920: 1845: 1739: 1735: 1696: 1602: 1384: 1370: 1320: 1272: 1259:

12-metre-high (40 ft) sculpture of a stack of books at the Berlin

973: 953: 930: 918: 687: 609: 465: 443: 85: 50: 8521: 6119: 3883: 1395:. Wax tablets (pieces of wood covered in a layer of wax) were used in 9628: 9601: 9591: 9398: 9358: 9244: 9169: 8869: 8712: 8338: 7691: 7326: 7249: 7244: 7218: 7052: 7047: 6891: 6803: 6762: 6618: 6608: 6465: 6263: 6193: 6014: 6004: 5911: 5904: 5899: 5872: 5725: 5372:. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Archived from 5164:

Children's Literature: A Reader's History, from Aesop to Harry Potter

4243:

Hillenbrand, Robert (2002). "The Arts of the Book in Ilkhanid Iran".

3829:"Books of the world, stand up and be counted! All 129,864,880 of you" 3489: 3465: 3247: 3235: 3209:, Turkey, was built in 135 AD, and could house around 12,000 scrolls. 3197: 2691: 2569: 2349: 2275: 2271: 2264: 2197: 2122: 1930: 1864: 1849: 1802: 1764: 1661: 1649: 1576: 1572: 1489:, and Macedonian cultures. The codex dominated in the Roman world by 1470: 1392: 1280: 1222: 1188: 1169: 1153: 998: 830: 227: 132: 90: 5296:

American Institute for Conservation of Historic & Artistic Works

4137: 3125: 3096:

are commonly used for recording appointments, meetings and personal

2630: 2295: 9521: 9486: 9468: 9458: 9333: 9264: 9191: 8942: 8937: 8864: 8654: 8343: 8303: 8298: 7844: 7668: 7290: 7270: 7254: 7239: 7187: 7172: 7151: 7141: 7098: 7032: 6938: 6865: 6840: 6818: 6813: 6739: 6719: 6638: 6552: 6273: 6185: 6178: 6076: 6049: 5989: 5973: 5857: 5538:"Burning books: 6 outrageous, tragic and weird examples in history" 5036: 3744: 3373: 3345: 3309: 3214: 3067: 2965: 2940: 2914: 2910: 2902: 2898: 2882: 2837: 2757:

may be any length up to 10,000 words, but these word lengths vary.

2538: 2006: 1896: 1826: 1760: 1465:, although the earliest evidence is from the account books of King 1388: 1335: 1210: 965: 720: 660: 450: 95: 75: 5443:"The Right To Read: Censorship in the School Library. ERIC Digest" 5272:. Canadian Conservation Institute. January 4, 2002. Archived from 3308:

numbers for books are derived from the ISBN by prefixing 978, for

3112:(now usually held on computers rather than in hand-written form). 2697:

Libraries, bookstores, and collections commonly divide books into

2521: 1001:(recordings of books being read aloud). Awareness of the needs of 9433: 9373: 9209: 8879: 8843: 8790: 7731: 7413: 6954: 6913: 6855: 6835: 6724: 6598: 6522: 6495: 6453: 6071: 6061: 6054: 5840: 5129:"The Media Business; Publishers Worry After Fiction Sales Weaken" 3993:"What is a Book? Redefining the Book in the Digitally Social Age" 3469: 3305: 3291:

International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions

3283: 3223: 3206: 3192: 3071: 2817: 2750: 2742: 2710: 2698: 2390: 2389:

After the signatures are folded and gathered, they move into the

2237: 2201: 1774: 1699:

guilds, which produced both religious and non-religious material.

1681: 1545: 1544:

The first written mention of the codex as a form of book is from

1454: 1442: 1438: 1195:(a form of knot-based recording historically used by cultures in 1054: 1010: 983: 945: 902: 692: 569: 455: 438: 319: 287: 272: 257: 115: 16:

Medium for recording information in the form of writing or images

3499:, and the environment. Conservators determine proper methods of 3035:

Children's literature can be traced to traditional stories like

2468:

showing documents that are inaccessible, readable and accessible

1738:, a traditional woodblock printing technique that originated in 1168:, especially for some works composed in antiquity: each part of 1037: 956:. It may also be left empty for personal use, as in the case of 9606: 9388: 9353: 9300: 8927: 8690: 8680: 7623: 7613: 7372: 7182: 7083: 7007: 6542: 6283: 4718: 4307:. London: The British Library and Oak Knoll Press. p. 23. 3954:"ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science (4th edition)" 3585: 3581: 3355:

Books on library shelves and call numbers visible on the spines

3105: 2985: 2973: 2969: 2950: 2866: 2791: 2722: 2610: 2582: 2546: 2433: 2142: 2136: 1926: 1669: 1665: 1626: 1557: 1478: 1423: 1376: 1316: 1206: 1202:), but not objects fixed in place such as inscribed monuments. 1157: 990:

of books has led to a number of social consequences, including

922: 921:; they were preceded by several earlier formats, including the 682: 655: 604: 599: 574: 559: 172: 144: 105: 6381: 4860:. Library of Congress. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress. 3933: 3931: 3183:, which has provided unique identifiers for books since 1970. 3009:

A mother reads to her children in a mid- to late 19th century

2939:

Religious texts, including scripture, are texts which various

2432:

Bookselling is the commercial trading of books that forms the

2102:

page, like that inside the front cover, is usually blank. The

1633:), reading stand and the text written without word spacing in 9501: 9383: 9368: 9123: 8998: 8659: 7658: 7563: 6985: 6305: 6288: 6203: 6198: 5999: 5606:

International Encyclopedia of Information and Library Science

4209: 3461: 3079: 2954: 2871: 2829: 2746: 2737: 2730: 2687: 2516: 2371: 2130: 2036: 2030: 1743: 1589: 1568: 1502: 1428: 1308: 1196: 1192: 1149: 1058: 969: 937: 906: 579: 564: 460: 237: 189: 160: 80: 5364:

Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (2011).

4305:

Books As History: The Importance of Books Beyond Their Texts

1127:

writings may have been carved on beech wood. The Latin word

9318: 9229: 9139: 7439:

Conservation and restoration of immovable cultural property

6557: 6300: 5068: 4816: 3928: 3329: 3279: 3180: 2977: 2957: 2504: 2485: 2107: 1991: 584: 110: 5743:

Phillips, Angus; Bhaskar, Michael, eds. (April 18, 2019).

5001:"Print Has Prevailed: The Staying Power of Physical Books" 1406:

The custom of binding several wax tablets together (Roman

9164: 9092: 7444:

Conservation and restoration of movable cultural property

7002: 5270:"How to Care for Paper Documents and Newspaper Clippings" 3725: 3337: 3219: 2981: 2833: 2606: 2500: 594: 7830:

Digital repository audit method based on risk assessment

5773: 5560: 5357: 3476:, conservation activities are generally undertaken by a 8478:

Conservation-restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes

6569: 5529: 5065:"Physical books still outsell e-books – and here's why" 4102:. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. pp. 593–604. 2007. 3275: 3227: 3213:

A library is a collection of books, and possibly other

5697:

Eliot, Simon; Rose, Jonathan, eds. (August 16, 2019).

5499: 1579:

codices were written as late as the 16th century (see

5494:

The Library Quarterly: Information, Community, Policy

5330: 2921:, it is common for a student to take an exam using a 2852:

such as chemical abstracts and biological abstracts.

1263:, commemorating the invention of modern book printing 5469:"LibGuides: Banned Books: Reasons for Banning Books" 4796:(3rd ed.). New York: W. W. Norton and Company. 4569:. New York: Haworth Information Press. p. 452. 3773: 3270: 1812:

Selected Teachings of Buddhist Sages and Son Masters

1672:, who usually left blank areas for illustration and 1047: 948:(containing invented content, often narratives) and 5200:

Organizing Library Collections: Theory and Practice

4566:

Historical Aspects of Cataloging and Classification

4516:

The Cambridge History of Early Christian Literature

1469:of the Fifth Dynasty (about 2400 BC). According to 5460: 5435: 5161: 5095: 4855: 4353:Ballatore, Andrea; Natale, Simone (May 18, 2015). 1767:. The oldest dated book printed by this method is 8483:Conservation-restoration of the Statue of Liberty 7619:Mold control and prevention (library and archive) 7434:Conservation and restoration of cultural property 4670:From the Renaissance to the Industrial Revolution 4415: 3179:growing industry. The most widely used system is 2749:typically between 17,500 and 40,000 words, and a 9799: 8506:Preservation Metadata: Implementation Strategies 8496:Conservation response to flood of Arno, Florence 8460:Conservation-restoration of Leonardo da Vinci's 4810: 4534:. New York: Dover Publications. pp. 14–16. 4480:Latin palaeography antiquity and the Middle Ages 4332:. Los Angeles: Getty Publications. p. 116. 4236: 3295:International Standard Bibliographic Description 3115: 3051:A page from a notebook used as handwritten diary 2492:, braille, ebooks, and automated audiobooks and 2436:and distribution end of the publishing process. 1763:and later paper, and was widely used throughout 8501:Modern and Contemporary Art Research Initiative 8473:Conservation-restoration of the Shroud of Turin 5742: 4531:Bookbinding : its background and technique 4352: 3420:New Classification Scheme for Chinese Libraries 3301:, and can take values from 0–9 and X (10). The 2178:The Complete Collection of Pictures & Songs 2150:refers to the single piece of paper, whereas a 8437:Conservation issues of Pompeii and Herculaneum 7594:Integrated pest management (cultural property) 5602: 5126: 4959:Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010, p. 164. 4724: 4346: 4215: 3937: 3850:"book | Etymology, origin and meaning of book" 3108:to record financial data in a practice called 1792: 9108: 8537: 7358: 6970: 6397: 5789: 5394: 4456:. American Library Association. p. 173. 3527: 1493:, but scrolls persisted much longer in Asia. 1225:is a specialist work on a single subject, in 1118: 1112: 1106: 1100: 1082: 1077: 874: 5566: 5235: 3519:(in the United Kingdom and Ireland), or the 2259:Today, the majority of books are printed by 1815: 1441:; c. 1275 BC; ink and pigments on 9742:Comparison of Android ebook reader software 6896: 4292:– via The Metropolitan Museum of Art. 4242: 4176: 3619: 2077:and the book's content which is called its 1128: 9115: 9101: 8544: 8530: 8002:Books, manuscripts, documents and ephemera 7365: 7351: 6977: 6963: 6404: 6390: 5796: 5782: 5567:Boissoneault, Lorraine (August 31, 2017). 5427:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 5032:"E-Books Still No Match for Printed Books" 4321: 4257:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 4227: 4221: 4177:Wischenbart, Ruediger (January 15, 2008). 2421: 1914: 1870: 1136:An avid reader or collector of books is a 1007:formats designed for greater accessibility 881: 867: 7549:Disaster preparedness (cultural property) 5696: 5336: 5238:Paper and water: a guide for conservators 5203:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 167. 4976:. Oxford University Press. Archived from 4378: 3379: 3166:Learn how and when to remove this message 2905:are a learning tool created by students. 2671:Learn how and when to remove this message 2488:, specialized fonts for certain kinds of 2336:Learn how and when to remove this message 1676:. Finally, it was bound by a bookbinder. 1571:) or plant fibers, often with a layer of 905:or images. Modern books are typically in 7449:Conservation science (cultural property) 5724:. MIT Press Essential Knowledge series. 5168:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 4856:Roberts, Matt; Etherington, Don (1982). 4694:Bruckner, D. J. R. (November 20, 1995). 4693: 4682:The Printing Press as an Agent of Change 4476: 3718:burning of books and burying of scholars 3692: 3444: 3350: 3274: 3196: 3046: 3004: 2865: 2774: 2682: 2520: 2449: 2439: 2234:paper designed specifically for printing 2220:Several book spines displayed on a shelf 2215: 2167: 1990: 1858: 1806: 1730: 1701: 1612: 1506: 1427: 1344: 1330:in the 15th century, made famous by the 1254: 27: 9737:Comparison of iOS ebook reader software 8551: 5757:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198794202.001.0001 5511:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum 5236:Banik, Gerhard; Brückle, Irene (2011). 5197:Hoffman, Gretchen L. (August 5, 2019). 5196: 5062: 5029: 4906: 4880: 4820:Microsoft Publisher 2010: Comprehensive 4793:Bookmaking: Editing, Design, Production 4622: 4562: 4302: 3990: 1087:—"letter" is cognate with "beech". In 9800: 9762:International Digital Publishing Forum 5719: 5699:A Companion to the History of the Book 5631:from the original on November 25, 2009 5395:Chapman, Roger; Ciment, James (2014). 4927:from the original on December 18, 2021 4883:"A Brief History of Book Illustration" 4837:from the original on December 21, 2019 4817:Gary B. Shelly; Joy L. Starks (2011). 4643:from the original on December 14, 2021 4271: 3370:online general-interest book databases 3234:, or other applicable formats such as 2418:area for adding decorations and type. 1042:, which in turn likely comes from the 9096: 9052:Academic databases and search engines 8525: 7346: 6958: 6385: 5777: 5651: 5603:Feather, John; Sturges, Paul (2003). 5159: 5141:from the original on February 7, 2012 5093: 4527: 4451: 4327: 4055: 3363:. Another widely known system is the 3312:, and calculating a new check digit. 3262:have different needs from those of a 2881:. Other popular how-to books include 2832:is a book containing a collection of 2745:is a term sometimes used for fiction 1726: 5652:Raven, James, ed. (March 23, 2023). 5535: 5240:. Amsterdam: Butterworth-Heinemann. 5075:from the original on January 2, 2021 5063:Handley, Lucy (September 19, 2019). 5011:from the original on August 19, 2022 4497:from the original on August 21, 2021 4232:. London: Phaidon. pp. 193–220. 4056:Raven, James, ed. (March 23, 2023). 4031:"What Exactly Do We Mean By a Book?" 3991:Johnson, Miriam J. (March 1, 2019). 3948: 3946: 3615:, and discipline-specific databases. 3148:adding citations to reliable sources 3119: 2901:and schoolbooks for study purposes. 2653:adding citations to reliable sources 2624: 2318:adding citations to reliable sources 2289: 5609:(2nd ed.). London: Routledge. 5466: 5217:from the original on August 6, 2021 5127:Edwin Mcdowell (October 30, 1989). 5108:from the original on March 11, 2023 5044:from the original on March 12, 2023 4998: 4881:Russell, Chris (January 14, 2016). 4789: 4591:from the original on March 27, 2023 4403:from the original on March 15, 2016 4274:"The Art of the Mughals after 1600" 3880:"Northvegr – Holy Language Lexicon" 3509:American Institute for Conservation 2991: 2581:Spoken audio has been available in 13: 9717:Academic journal publishing reform 8822:Academic journal publishing reform 7634:Preservation (library and archive) 6984: 5666:10.1093/oso/9780192886897.001.0001 5645: 5399:(2nd ed.). Armonk, New York. 5294:AIC, "Caring for Your Treasures," 4676:(Oxford 1957), p. 377. Cited from 4433:from the original on July 26, 2018 4072:10.1093/oso/9780192886897.001.0001 3882:. November 3, 2008. Archived from 3860:from the original on June 27, 2017 3609:Arts and Humanities Citation Index 3414:Library of Congress Classification 3386:Bliss bibliographic classification 3365:Library of Congress Classification 2274:books have a stiff binding, while 2106:is the usual place for the book's 1617:Folio 14 recto of the 5th-century 1205:A stricter definition is given by 14: 9834: 5745:The Oxford Handbook of Publishing 5030:Richter, Felix (April 21, 2022). 4910:The Complete Canadian Book Editor 4823:. Cengage Learning. p. 559. 4706:from the original on July 1, 2017 4284:from the original on June 1, 2021 4278:Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History 3943: 3515:(both in the United States), the 3271:Identification and classification 2984:, and other devoted followers or 8488:Conservation-restoration of the 8364:Indigenous intellectual property 6568: 6365: 6356: 6355: 6345: 5720:Borsuk, Amaranth (May 4, 2018). 4999:Ang, Carmen (October 15, 2021). 4948:The Oxford Companion to the Book 3916:from the original on May 9, 2022 3776: 3757:burning of Jaffna Public Library 3685:This section is an excerpt from 3625:This section is an excerpt from 3557:This section is an excerpt from 3517:Archives and Records Association 3437:This section is an excerpt from 3425:Universal Decimal Classification 3124: 2997:This section is an excerpt from 2629: 2294: 2211: 1818:Bibliothèque nationale de France 1688:held only around 2,000 volumes. 1221:Although in academic language a 1140:, or colloquially a "bookworm". 850: 57: 7599:Inventory (library and archive) 7499:Cultural property documentation 6411: 6346: 5595: 5486: 5388: 5318:. The Institute of Conservation 5304: 5229: 5190: 5153: 5120: 5087: 5056: 5023: 4992: 4962: 4939: 4900: 4874: 4849: 4783: 4758: 4730: 4687: 4655: 4616: 4603: 4556: 4521: 4509: 4470: 4445: 4296: 4272:Sardar, Marika (October 2003). 4265: 4170: 4131: 4108:10.1163/ej.9789004164543.1-0.64 4088: 3679: 3551: 3523:(ICON) (in the United Kingdom). 3431: 3409:Harvard-Yenching Classification 3135:needs additional citations for 3100:. Businesses historically used 2972:are books that contain written 2960:that can typically be found in 2640:needs additional citations for 2305:needs additional citations for 2157: 1515:meets the modern definition of 1477:brought writing and papyrus to 1457:were first used for writing in 1227:library and information science 7997:Bone, horn, and antler objects 7539:Digital photograph restoration 5654:The Oxford History of the Book 5094:Duffy, Kate (March 10, 2023). 4059:The Oxford History of the Book 4049: 4023: 3984: 3898: 3872: 3842: 3821: 3613:Social Sciences Citation Index 3392:Chinese Library Classification 3055: 2953:are books with collections of 2892: 2770: 2597:were made prior to the age of 2464:An example of someone using a 2242:Machine finished coated papers 2050:if printing is left to right, 2034:if printing is left to right, 1656:writing traditions related to 1326:Prior to the invention of the 1143: 1113: 1: 9082:Category:Scientific documents 8182:South Asian household shrines 7880:Reconstruction (architecture) 7810:Cultural property radiography 7767:Registrar (cultural property) 7519:Cultural resources management 7479:Collections management system 5370:Scholarly definition document 5343:Scholarly definition document 5160:Lerer, Seth (June 15, 2008). 4684:(Cambridge University, 1980). 4247:. New York. pp. 134–167. 4144:Publishing Research Quarterly 3997:Publishing Research Quarterly 3809: 3116:Collection and classification 2563: 1834: 1773:(868 AD). The method (called 1759:before 220 AD, used to print 1706:Burgundian author and scribe 1596: 940:. These works can be broadly 9077:Category:Academic publishing 8451:Conservation-restoration of 8442:Conservation-restoration of 7815:Detachment of wall paintings 7589:Intangible cultural heritage 7504:Cultural property exhibition 7489:Cultural heritage management 6269:Conservation and restoration 4743:Canadian Authors Association 4623:Kelting, M. Whitney (2001). 3814: 3761:In other cases, such as the 3532: 3403:Dewey Decimal Classification 3186: 2976:and are commonly carried by 2928: 2855: 2801: 2753:between 7,500 and 17,500. A 2503:structured data format, the 2409: 2208:have also been influential. 2180:; engraving and printing by 1391:, especially for writing in 1024: 1005:people has led to a rise in 917:together and protected by a 7: 9732:Comparison of ebook readers 7895:Transfer of panel paintings 6461:Canons of page construction 4955:September 12, 2019, at the 4629:. Oxford University Press. 4563:Joachim, Martin D. (2003). 4477:Bischoff, Bernhard (1990). 3964:(3/4): 193. March 4, 2014. 3854:Online Etymology Dictionary 3769: 3739:(1258), the destruction of 3659:Index Librorum Prohibitorum 3104:books such as journals and 2285: 1793:Movable type and incunabula 1119: 1107: 1083: 10: 9839: 9122: 8895:Indexes and search engines 8359:Heritage language learning 7629:Optical media preservation 5298:, Accessed 26 April 2014, 4725:Feather & Sturges 2003 4245:The Legacy of Genghis Khan 4216:Feather & Sturges 2003 4195:10.1163/logo.2008.19.4.196 4156:10.1007/s12109-019-09665-5 4100:Standard-Setting at UNESCO 3938:Feather & Sturges 2003 3728:), the destruction of the 3684: 3662:and bans of such books as 3642:People's Republic of China 3624: 3556: 3536: 3528:Social and cultural issues 3451:Indianapolis Museum of Art 3436: 3190: 3094:calendar/appointment books 3059: 2996: 2932: 2859: 2805: 2716: 2620: 2589:and to a lesser extent in 2567: 2514: 2443: 2425: 2382: 2378: 2161: 2120: 1982: 1968: 1918: 1796: 1748: 1606: 1600: 1500: 1461:, perhaps as early as the 1421: 1364: 1248: 1244: 1178:, for example, is a book. 897:is a medium for recording 18: 9709: 9647: 9564: 9555: 9421: 9283: 9190: 9183: 9130: 9029: 8951: 8893: 8857: 8814: 8738: 8673: 8625: 8587: 8559: 8427: 8399:Oral history preservation 8240: 7969: 7913: 7780: 7682: 7514:Cultural property storage 7509:Cultural property imaging 7384: 7299: 7263: 7227: 7201: 7165: 7107: 7071: 6995: 6879: 6794: 6753: 6655: 6637: 6589:Anthropodermic bibliopegy 6577: 6566: 6419: 6341: 6219: 6153: 6092: 5940: 5811: 5803: 5316:Institute of Conservation 4009:10.1007/s12109-018-9622-z 3697:Contemporary book burning 3521:Institute of Conservation 3062:List of unpublished books 2510: 2507:format and the Internet. 2256:are common paper grades. 2174:The House that Jack Built 1978: 1964: 1816: 1684:and Paris library of the 1565:pre-Columbian Mesoamerica 1417: 1360: 1351:Instructions of Shuruppak 1101: 1078: 909:format, composed of many 38:first books to be printed 9757:iBooks Author Conference 8446:by Elías García Martínez 7664:Sustainable preservation 6929:Intentionally blank page 4907:Vermeer, Leslie (2016). 4371:10.1177/1461444815586984 3970:10.1108/nlw-10-2013-0076 3747:(1430s), the burning of 3620:Book censorship and bans 2246:woodfree uncoated papers 1575:applied before writing. 1496: 9454:Atlantis Word Processor 9394:OverDrive Media Console 9205:Barnes & Noble Nook 9072:Style/formatting guides 8974:Scholarly communication 8674:Other publication types 8404:Preservation of meaning 8389:Language revitalization 8057:Illuminated manuscripts 7835:Historic paint analysis 7727:Conservation technician 7529:Deaccessioning (museum) 7469:Collections maintenance 7394:Agents of deterioration 5927:Collection (publishing) 5851:Illuminated manuscripts 5749:Oxford University Press 5658:Oxford University Press 4678:Elizabeth L. Eisenstein 4666:A History of Technology 4359:New Media & Society 4330:Books: A Living History 4303:Pearson, David (2011). 4064:Oxford University Press 3751:on the order of bishop 3716:. Examples include the 3576:A book review may be a 3240:bibliographic databases 2496:digital talking books. 2422:Retail and distribution 2116: 1929:in order to obtain the 1915:Contemporary publishing 1871:19th century to present 1239:periodical publications 1049: 1038: 9296:Adobe Digital Editions 9014:Least publishable unit 8686:Collection of articles 8414:Tradition preservation 8067:Iron and steel objects 7956:Outdoor bronze objects 7900:UVC-based preservation 7757:Photograph conservator 7722:Conservation scientist 7474:Collections management 7404:Archaeological science 6897: 5467:Commons, Information. 5312:"What is Conservation" 4790:Lee, Marshall (2004). 4672:, edd. Charles Singer 4328:Lyons, Martyn (2011). 3698: 3453: 3380:Classification systems 3356: 3322:Library classification 3286: 3210: 3052: 3029:for the very young to 3018: 2874: 2783: 2694: 2593:since the 1930s. Many 2530: 2469: 2221: 2189: 2062: 1867: 1822: 1746: 1715: 1712:Miracles de Notre Dame 1638: 1520: 1450: 1357: 1264: 1129: 44: 9752:Electronic publishing 9004:Electronic publishing 8979:Scientific literature 8756:Article-level metrics 8419:Traditional knowledge 8384:Language preservation 7992:Ancient Greek pottery 7890:Textile stabilization 7752:Paintings conservator 7639:Preservation metadata 7524:Database preservation 7378:historic preservation 7117:Continuous stationery 7028:Corrugated fiberboard 6296:Intellectual property 5922:Volume (bibliography) 5376:on September 10, 2011 4528:Diehl, Edith (1980). 4452:Avrin, Leila (2010). 3759:in Sri Lanka (1981). 3696: 3448: 3354: 3278: 3200: 3050: 3022:Children's literature 3008: 2999:Children's literature 2897:Students often carry 2869: 2778: 2686: 2524: 2463: 2446:Accessible publishing 2440:Accessible publishing 2219: 2171: 1994: 1893:electronic publishing 1889:information explosion 1862: 1825:The Chinese inventor 1810: 1734: 1723:to bind like a book. 1720:palm leaf manuscripts 1705: 1629:. Note the bookcase ( 1616: 1510: 1445:; 45 × 90.5 cm; 1431: 1353:, dated to the early 1348: 1258: 960:, appointment books, 857:Literature portal 31: 21:Book (disambiguation) 9250:Plastic Logic Reader 9047:Open-access journals 8994:Open scientific data 8801:SCImago Journal Rank 8761:Author-level metrics 8746:Acknowledgment index 8207:Time-based media art 8017:Copper-based objects 7931:Archaeological sites 7860:Mass deacidification 7805:Cradling (paintings) 7717:Conservator-restorer 7544:Digital preservation 5688:: CS1 maint: year ( 5579:on September 4, 2017 5573:Smithsonian Magazine 5548:on November 13, 2021 5473:libguides.butler.edu 4423:"History of Braille" 3513:Guild of Bookworkers 3398:Colon Classification 3361:Dewey Decimal System 3144:improve this article 3015:Jessie Willcox Smith 2649:improve this article 2490:reading disabilities 2314:improve this article 1959:Macmillan Publishers 1955:Simon & Schuster 1943:Penguin Random House 1646:Western Roman Empire 1609:Palm-leaf manuscript 1473:(History 5:58), the 631:Groups and movements 19:For other uses, see 9787:Semantic publishing 9777:Reflowable document 9577:Amazon Kindle Store 9042:Scientific journals 8553:Academic publishing 8511:World Heritage Site 8374:Indigenous language 8274:Endangered language 8172:Shipwreck artifacts 8152:Photographic plates 8102:Musical instruments 7855:Lining of paintings 7772:Textile conservator 7747:Objects conservator 7737:Exhibition designer 7644:Preservation survey 7569:Found in collection 7459:Collection (museum) 7429:Calendar (archives) 7399:Archival processing 5542:The Washington Post 5536:Brockell, Gillian. 5447:www.ericdigests.org 4980:on February 8, 2011 4974:Oxford Dictionaries 4913:. Brush Education. 4609:Bernhard Bischoff. 3886:on November 3, 2008 3293:(IFLA) created the 3098:contact information 3031:young adult fiction 2879:instruction manuals 2796:academic literature 2707:special collections 2254:special fine papers 2172:Illustration from " 1947:Hachette Book Group 1399:and throughout the 1397:classical antiquity 1379:) were used in the 1269:textual scholarship 250:Short prose fiction 153:Major written forms 9587:Barnes & Noble 9255:PocketBook eReader 9155:Kindle File Format 9062:Copyright policies 9057:University presses 8964:Scientific writing 8832:Citation advantage 8739:Impact and ranking 8572:Scientific journal 8369:Indigenous culture 7712:Collection manager 7609:Media preservation 7604:Inventory (museum) 7464:Collection catalog 6924:Fore-edge painting 6919:Extra-illustration 6333:World Book Capital 5337:Princeton (2011). 5134:The New York Times 4700:The New York Times 4611:Latin Palaeography 3763:Nazi book burnings 3699: 3673:Ayatollah Khomeini 3668:The Satanic Verses 3571:literary criticism 3539:Literary criticism 3472:. When applied to 3454: 3357: 3287: 3267:via the Internet. 3211: 3053: 3019: 2875: 2784: 2695: 2607:downloadable audio 2595:spoken word albums 2535:flat-panel display 2531: 2470: 2261:offset lithography 2250:coated fine papers 2222: 2190: 2186:Randolph Caldecott 2184:, illustration by 2134:(the largest), to 2087:inside front cover 2063: 1995:Diagram of a book 1868: 1842:Johannes Gutenberg 1823: 1787:religious pictures 1751:Woodblock printing 1747: 1742:, Madhya Pradesh, 1727:Woodblock printing 1716: 1639: 1529:Isidore of Seville 1521: 1485:, Roman, Chinese, 1453:Scrolls made from 1451: 1387:and well into the 1358: 1265: 744:Lists and outlines 220:Long prose fiction 45: 9795: 9794: 9705: 9704: 9675:Project Gutenberg 9634:Sony Reader Store 9582:Baen Free Library 9572:Apple Books Store 9517:Oxygen XML Editor 9497:iStudio Publisher 9483:Help & Manual 9417: 9416: 9344:Google Play Books 9310: 9090: 9089: 9067:Preprint policies 9037:Academic journals 9020:Publish or perish 8875:Version of record 8815:Reform and access 8617:Literature review 8519: 8518: 8468:Pompeian frescoes 8354:Heritage language 8244:cultural heritage 8032:Flags and banners 7977:cultural property 7941:Heritage railways 7921:cultural property 7870:Paleo-inspiration 7554:Film preservation 7494:Cultural property 7484:Cultural heritage 7374:Cultural heritage 7340: 7339: 7209:Ingrain wallpaper 7018:Coffee cup sleeve 6952: 6951: 6831:Addendum/Appendix 6715:Table of contents 6379: 6378: 6211:Coffee table book 6042:Bookworm (insect) 5675:978-0-19-288689-7 5276:on March 12, 2014 5247:978-0-7506-6831-6 5210:978-1-5381-0852-9 5175:978-0-226-47300-0 5005:Visual Capitalist 4920:978-1-55059-677-9 4867:978-0-8444-0366-3 4830:978-1-133-17147-8 4803:978-0-393-73018-0 4746:. October 5, 2016 4727:, pp. 42–44. 4636:978-0-19-803211-3 4490:978-0-521-36473-7 4365:(10): 2379–2394. 4339:978-1-60606-083-4 4314:978-0-7123-5832-3 4140:"What is a Book?" 4117:978-90-04-16454-3 4081:978-0-19-288689-7 4037:. October 1, 2020 3958:New Library World 3714:cultural heritage 3598:Book Review Index 3474:cultural heritage 3203:Library of Celsus 3176: 3175: 3168: 3076:commonplace books 2909:pupils often use 2907:Elementary school 2862:Technical writing 2846:Engineering Index 2681: 2680: 2673: 2543:desktop computers 2475:visually impaired 2461: 2346: 2345: 2338: 2164:Book illustration 2100:inside back cover 2054:if right to left) 2040:if right to left) 1909:vanity publishing 1770:The Diamond Sutra 1619:Vergilius Romanus 1554: 1467:Neferirkare Kakai 1381:Ancient Near East 1355:3rd millennium BC 1349:Fragments of the 1301:religious beliefs 1187:example, ebooks, 891: 890: 643: 642: 498: 497: 305: 304: 9830: 9670:Internet Archive 9562: 9561: 9474:Collabora Online 9429:ABBYY FineReader 9379:Microsoft Reader 9308: 9188: 9187: 9117: 9110: 9103: 9094: 9093: 9009:Ingelfinger rule 8923:Semantic Scholar 8645:Technical report 8567:Academic journal 8546: 8539: 8532: 8523: 8522: 8455:by Thomas Eakins 8453:The Gross Clinic 8349:Folklore studies 8259:Applied folklore 8232:Wooden furniture 8227:Wooden artifacts 8222:Woodblock prints 8202:Tibetan thangkas 8062:Insect specimens 7951:Outdoor artworks 7946:Historic gardens 7579:Heritage science 7367: 7360: 7353: 7344: 7343: 6979: 6972: 6965: 6956: 6955: 6900: 6629:Treasure binding 6572: 6406: 6399: 6392: 6383: 6382: 6369: 6359: 6358: 6349: 6348: 6279:History of books 5798: 5791: 5784: 5775: 5774: 5770: 5739: 5716: 5693: 5687: 5679: 5640: 5638: 5636: 5589: 5588: 5586: 5584: 5575:. Archived from 5564: 5558: 5557: 5555: 5553: 5544:. Archived from 5533: 5527: 5526: 5524: 5522: 5517:on March 5, 2012 5513:. Archived from 5503: 5497: 5490: 5484: 5483: 5481: 5479: 5464: 5458: 5457: 5455: 5453: 5439: 5433: 5432: 5426: 5418: 5392: 5386: 5385: 5383: 5381: 5361: 5355: 5354: 5352: 5350: 5334: 5328: 5327: 5325: 5323: 5308: 5302: 5292: 5286: 5285: 5283: 5281: 5266: 5260: 5259: 5233: 5227: 5226: 5224: 5222: 5194: 5188: 5187: 5167: 5157: 5151: 5150: 5148: 5146: 5124: 5118: 5117: 5115: 5113: 5102:Business Insider 5099: 5091: 5085: 5084: 5082: 5080: 5060: 5054: 5053: 5051: 5049: 5027: 5021: 5020: 5018: 5016: 4996: 4990: 4989: 4987: 4985: 4966: 4960: 4943: 4937: 4936: 4934: 4932: 4904: 4898: 4897: 4895: 4893: 4878: 4872: 4871: 4853: 4847: 4846: 4844: 4842: 4814: 4808: 4807: 4787: 4781: 4780: 4778: 4776: 4762: 4756: 4755: 4753: 4751: 4734: 4728: 4722: 4716: 4715: 4713: 4711: 4691: 4685: 4664:, "Printing" in 4662:Clapham, Michael 4659: 4653: 4652: 4650: 4648: 4620: 4614: 4607: 4601: 4600: 4598: 4596: 4560: 4554: 4553: 4525: 4519: 4513: 4507: 4506: 4504: 4502: 4474: 4468: 4467: 4449: 4443: 4442: 4440: 4438: 4419: 4413: 4412: 4410: 4408: 4382: 4350: 4344: 4343: 4325: 4319: 4318: 4300: 4294: 4293: 4291: 4289: 4269: 4263: 4262: 4256: 4248: 4240: 4234: 4233: 4225: 4219: 4213: 4207: 4206: 4174: 4168: 4167: 4135: 4129: 4128: 4126: 4124: 4092: 4086: 4085: 4053: 4047: 4046: 4044: 4042: 4027: 4021: 4020: 3988: 3982: 3981: 3950: 3941: 3935: 3926: 3925: 3923: 3921: 3910:Oxford Reference 3902: 3896: 3895: 3893: 3891: 3876: 3870: 3869: 3867: 3865: 3846: 3840: 3839: 3837: 3835: 3825: 3803:Open access book 3793:Outline of books 3786: 3781: 3780: 3755:(1562), and the 3737:siege of Baghdad 3664:Salman Rushdie's 3548:published book. 3171: 3164: 3160: 3157: 3151: 3128: 3120: 2992:Children's books 2919:higher education 2887:home improvement 2798:is non-fiction. 2676: 2669: 2665: 2662: 2656: 2633: 2625: 2587:public libraries 2462: 2341: 2334: 2330: 2327: 2321: 2298: 2290: 1891:. The advent of 1839: 1836: 1821: 1820: 1552: 1434:Book of the Dead 1297:cultural history 1251:History of books 1132: 1122: 1116: 1115: 1110: 1104: 1103: 1086: 1081: 1080: 1063:Slavic languages 1052: 1041: 883: 876: 869: 855: 854: 853: 509: 508: 316: 315: 217: 216: 61: 47: 46: 9838: 9837: 9833: 9832: 9831: 9829: 9828: 9827: 9798: 9797: 9796: 9791: 9782:Self-publishing 9701: 9692:Standard Ebooks 9643: 9551: 9469:Calligra Author 9413: 9324:Bluefire Reader 9279: 9179: 9126: 9121: 9091: 9086: 9025: 8984:Learned society 8947: 8889: 8853: 8810: 8781:Journal ranking 8771:Citation impact 8734: 8669: 8627:Grey literature 8621: 8583: 8555: 8550: 8520: 8515: 8462:The Last Supper 8429: 8423: 8409:Primitive music 8319:Folk instrument 8294:Family folklore 8284:Ethnomusicology 8279:Ethnochoreology 8246: 8243: 8236: 8157:Plastic objects 8142:Performance art 8127:Panel paintings 8122:Painting frames 8087:Leather objects 8007:Ceramic objects 7979: 7976: 7974: 7973:and restoration 7972: 7965: 7923: 7920: 7918: 7917:and restoration 7916: 7909: 7875:Paper splitting 7790:Aging (artwork) 7782: 7776: 7762:Preservationist 7684: 7678: 7534:Digital library 7386: 7380: 7371: 7341: 7336: 7295: 7259: 7223: 7197: 7161: 7103: 7067: 6991: 6983: 6953: 6948: 6875: 6790: 6786:Tipped-in pages 6749: 6730:Acknowledgments 6651: 6633: 6580: 6573: 6564: 6538:Recto and verso 6424: 6415: 6410: 6380: 6375: 6337: 6322:The Philobiblon 6215: 6149: 6088: 5936: 5883:limited edition 5807: 5802: 5767: 5736: 5713: 5703:Wiley-Blackwell 5681: 5680: 5676: 5648: 5646:Further reading 5643: 5634: 5632: 5617: 5598: 5593: 5592: 5582: 5580: 5565: 5561: 5551: 5549: 5534: 5530: 5520: 5518: 5505: 5504: 5500: 5491: 5487: 5477: 5475: 5465: 5461: 5451: 5449: 5441: 5440: 5436: 5420: 5419: 5407: 5393: 5389: 5379: 5377: 5362: 5358: 5348: 5346: 5335: 5331: 5321: 5319: 5310: 5309: 5305: 5293: 5289: 5279: 5277: 5268: 5267: 5263: 5248: 5234: 5230: 5220: 5218: 5211: 5195: 5191: 5176: 5158: 5154: 5144: 5142: 5125: 5121: 5111: 5109: 5092: 5088: 5078: 5076: 5061: 5057: 5047: 5045: 5028: 5024: 5014: 5012: 4997: 4993: 4983: 4981: 4968: 4967: 4963: 4957:Wayback Machine 4944: 4940: 4930: 4928: 4921: 4905: 4901: 4891: 4889: 4879: 4875: 4868: 4854: 4850: 4840: 4838: 4831: 4815: 4811: 4804: 4788: 4784: 4774: 4772: 4770:www.justice.gov 4764: 4763: 4759: 4749: 4747: 4736: 4735: 4731: 4723: 4719: 4709: 4707: 4692: 4688: 4660: 4656: 4646: 4644: 4637: 4621: 4617: 4608: 4604: 4594: 4592: 4577: 4561: 4557: 4542: 4526: 4522: 4514: 4510: 4500: 4498: 4491: 4475: 4471: 4464: 4450: 4446: 4436: 4434: 4421: 4420: 4416: 4406: 4404: 4351: 4347: 4340: 4326: 4322: 4315: 4301: 4297: 4287: 4285: 4270: 4266: 4250: 4249: 4241: 4237: 4226: 4222: 4214: 4210: 4175: 4171: 4136: 4132: 4122: 4120: 4118: 4094: 4093: 4089: 4082: 4054: 4050: 4040: 4038: 4029: 4028: 4024: 3989: 3985: 3952: 3951: 3944: 3936: 3929: 3919: 3917: 3904: 3903: 3899: 3889: 3887: 3878: 3877: 3873: 3863: 3861: 3848: 3847: 3843: 3833: 3831: 3827: 3826: 3822: 3817: 3812: 3807: 3782: 3775: 3772: 3767: 3766: 3730:House of Wisdom 3690: 3682: 3677: 3676: 3654:Catholic Church 3633:Book censorship 3630: 3627:Book censorship 3622: 3617: 3616: 3562: 3554: 3541: 3535: 3530: 3525: 3524: 3442: 3434: 3382: 3273: 3264:special library 3195: 3189: 3172: 3161: 3155: 3152: 3141: 3129: 3118: 3064: 3058: 3045: 3044: 3002: 2994: 2937: 2931: 2895: 2864: 2858: 2810: 2804: 2788:autobiographies 2773: 2719: 2677: 2666: 2660: 2657: 2646: 2634: 2623: 2572: 2566: 2519: 2513: 2450: 2448: 2442: 2430: 2424: 2412: 2395:computerization 2387: 2381: 2342: 2331: 2325: 2322: 2311: 2299: 2288: 2214: 2166: 2160: 2125: 2119: 2061: 2060: 1987: 1981: 1973: 1967: 1936:self-publishing 1923: 1917: 1905:Print on demand 1901:digital library 1873: 1863:A 15th-century 1837: 1833:of earthenware 1805: 1797:Main articles: 1795: 1753: 1729: 1635:rustic capitals 1623:author portrait 1611: 1605: 1599: 1563:The codices of 1505: 1499: 1426: 1420: 1383:throughout the 1373: 1365:Main articles: 1363: 1332:Gutenberg Bible 1253: 1247: 1146: 1033:comes from the 1027: 962:autograph books 901:in the form of 887: 851: 849: 782:Literary awards 648:Dramatic genres 389:science fiction 67:Oral literature 34:Gutenberg Bible 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 9836: 9826: 9825: 9820: 9818:Paper products 9815: 9810: 9793: 9792: 9790: 9789: 9784: 9779: 9774: 9769: 9764: 9759: 9754: 9749: 9747:E-book lending 9744: 9739: 9734: 9729: 9727:Braille e-book 9724: 9719: 9713: 9711: 9707: 9706: 9703: 9702: 9700: 9699: 9694: 9689: 9688: 9687: 9682: 9672: 9667: 9662: 9657: 9651: 9649: 9645: 9644: 9642: 9641: 9636: 9631: 9629:Kobo Bookstore 9626: 9621: 9620: 9619: 9614: 9604: 9599: 9594: 9589: 9584: 9579: 9574: 9568: 9566: 9559: 9553: 9552: 9550: 9549: 9544: 9539: 9534: 9529: 9524: 9519: 9514: 9509: 9504: 9499: 9494: 9489: 9484: 9481: 9476: 9471: 9466: 9461: 9456: 9451: 9446: 9444:Adobe RoboHelp 9441: 9439:Adobe InDesign 9436: 9431: 9425: 9423: 9419: 9418: 9415: 9414: 9412: 9411: 9406: 9401: 9396: 9391: 9386: 9381: 9376: 9371: 9366: 9361: 9356: 9351: 9346: 9341: 9336: 9331: 9326: 9321: 9316: 9311: 9303: 9298: 9293: 9287: 9285: 9281: 9280: 9278: 9277: 9272: 9267: 9262: 9257: 9252: 9247: 9242: 9237: 9232: 9227: 9225:Hanlin eReader 9222: 9220:enTourage eDGe 9217: 9212: 9207: 9202: 9196: 9194: 9185: 9181: 9180: 9178: 9177: 9172: 9167: 9162: 9157: 9152: 9147: 9142: 9136: 9134: 9128: 9127: 9120: 9119: 9112: 9105: 9097: 9088: 9087: 9085: 9084: 9079: 9074: 9069: 9064: 9059: 9054: 9049: 9044: 9039: 9033: 9031: 9027: 9026: 9024: 9023: 9016: 9011: 9006: 9001: 8996: 8991: 8986: 8981: 8976: 8971: 8966: 8961: 8955: 8953: 8952:Related topics 8949: 8948: 8946: 8945: 8940: 8935: 8933:Web of Science 8930: 8925: 8920: 8915: 8910: 8905: 8903:Google Scholar 8899: 8897: 8891: 8890: 8888: 8887: 8882: 8877: 8872: 8867: 8861: 8859: 8855: 8854: 8852: 8851: 8846: 8841: 8839:Serials crisis 8836: 8835: 8834: 8824: 8818: 8816: 8812: 8811: 8809: 8808: 8806:Scientometrics 8803: 8798: 8793: 8788: 8783: 8778: 8776:Citation index 8773: 8768: 8763: 8758: 8753: 8748: 8742: 8740: 8736: 8735: 8733: 8732: 8727: 8725:Poster session 8722: 8721: 8720: 8715: 8705: 8704: 8703: 8698: 8688: 8683: 8677: 8675: 8671: 8670: 8668: 8667: 8662: 8657: 8652: 8647: 8642: 8637: 8631: 8629: 8623: 8622: 8620: 8619: 8614: 8612:Position paper 8609: 8607:Review article 8604: 8603: 8602: 8591: 8589: 8585: 8584: 8582: 8581: 8580: 8579: 8569: 8563: 8561: 8557: 8556: 8549: 8548: 8541: 8534: 8526: 8517: 8516: 8514: 8513: 8508: 8503: 8498: 8493: 8485: 8480: 8475: 8470: 8465: 8457: 8448: 8439: 8433: 8431: 8425: 8424: 8422: 8421: 8416: 8411: 8406: 8401: 8396: 8394:Living history 8391: 8386: 8381: 8379:Language death 8376: 8371: 8366: 8361: 8356: 8351: 8346: 8341: 8336: 8331: 8326: 8321: 8316: 8314:Folk etymology 8311: 8306: 8301: 8296: 8291: 8286: 8281: 8276: 8271: 8266: 8264:Dance notation 8261: 8256: 8250: 8248: 8238: 8237: 8235: 8234: 8229: 8224: 8219: 8214: 8209: 8204: 8199: 8194: 8189: 8184: 8179: 8177:Silver objects 8174: 8169: 8164: 8159: 8154: 8149: 8144: 8139: 8134: 8129: 8124: 8119: 8114: 8109: 8104: 8099: 8094: 8089: 8084: 8079: 8074: 8069: 8064: 8059: 8054: 8049: 8044: 8039: 8034: 8029: 8024: 8019: 8014: 8009: 8004: 7999: 7994: 7989: 7983: 7981: 7967: 7966: 7964: 7963: 7961:Outdoor murals 7958: 7953: 7948: 7943: 7938: 7933: 7927: 7925: 7911: 7910: 7908: 7907: 7902: 7897: 7892: 7887: 7885:Rissverklebung 7882: 7877: 7872: 7867: 7862: 7857: 7852: 7847: 7842: 7837: 7832: 7827: 7822: 7817: 7812: 7807: 7802: 7800:Arrested decay 7797: 7792: 7786: 7784: 7783:and techniques 7778: 7777: 7775: 7774: 7769: 7764: 7759: 7754: 7749: 7744: 7739: 7734: 7729: 7724: 7719: 7714: 7709: 7704: 7699: 7694: 7688: 7686: 7680: 7679: 7677: 7676: 7671: 7666: 7661: 7656: 7651: 7646: 7641: 7636: 7631: 7626: 7621: 7616: 7611: 7606: 7601: 7596: 7591: 7586: 7581: 7576: 7574:Heritage asset 7571: 7566: 7561: 7556: 7551: 7546: 7541: 7536: 7531: 7526: 7521: 7516: 7511: 7506: 7501: 7496: 7491: 7486: 7481: 7476: 7471: 7466: 7461: 7456: 7451: 7446: 7441: 7436: 7431: 7426: 7421: 7419:Bioarchaeology 7416: 7411: 7406: 7401: 7396: 7390: 7388: 7382: 7381: 7370: 7369: 7362: 7355: 7347: 7338: 7337: 7335: 7334: 7332:Security paper 7329: 7324: 7319: 7314: 7309: 7303: 7301: 7297: 7296: 7294: 7293: 7288: 7283: 7278: 7273: 7267: 7265: 7261: 7260: 7258: 7257: 7252: 7247: 7242: 7237: 7231: 7229: 7225: 7224: 7222: 7221: 7216: 7211: 7205: 7203: 7199: 7198: 7196: 7195: 7190: 7185: 7180: 7175: 7169: 7167: 7163: 7162: 7160: 7159: 7154: 7149: 7144: 7139: 7134: 7129: 7124: 7119: 7113: 7111: 7105: 7104: 7102: 7101: 7096: 7091: 7086: 7081: 7075: 7073: 7069: 7068: 7066: 7065: 7060: 7055: 7050: 7045: 7040: 7035: 7030: 7025: 7023:Corrugated box 7020: 7015: 7013:Cigarette pack 7010: 7005: 6999: 6997: 6993: 6992: 6982: 6981: 6974: 6967: 6959: 6950: 6949: 6947: 6946: 6941: 6936: 6931: 6926: 6921: 6916: 6911: 6908: 6903: 6902: 6901: 6889: 6883: 6881: 6880:Other elements 6877: 6876: 6874: 6873: 6868: 6863: 6858: 6853: 6848: 6843: 6838: 6833: 6828: 6823: 6822: 6821: 6811: 6806: 6800: 6798: 6792: 6791: 6789: 6788: 6783: 6778: 6775: 6770: 6765: 6759: 6757: 6751: 6750: 6748: 6747: 6745:Printer's mark 6742: 6737: 6732: 6727: 6722: 6717: 6712: 6707: 6702: 6697: 6692: 6690:Imprimi potest 6687: 6685:Edition notice 6682: 6677: 6672: 6671: 6670: 6661: 6659: 6653: 6652: 6650: 6649: 6643: 6641: 6635: 6634: 6632: 6631: 6626: 6621: 6616: 6611: 6606: 6601: 6596: 6591: 6585: 6583: 6575: 6574: 6567: 6565: 6563: 6562: 6561: 6560: 6550: 6545: 6540: 6535: 6530: 6528:Page numbering 6525: 6520: 6515: 6510: 6509: 6508: 6503: 6493: 6488: 6483: 6478: 6473: 6468: 6463: 6458: 6457: 6456: 6451: 6446: 6441: 6430: 6428: 6417: 6416: 6409: 6408: 6401: 6394: 6386: 6377: 6376: 6374: 6373: 6363: 6353: 6342: 6339: 6338: 6336: 6335: 6330: 6328:World Book Day 6325: 6318: 6313: 6308: 6303: 6298: 6293: 6292: 6291: 6286: 6276: 6271: 6266: 6261: 6256: 6254:Book packaging 6251: 6246: 6245: 6244: 6239: 6229: 6223: 6221: 6217: 6216: 6214: 6213: 6208: 6207: 6206: 6201: 6196: 6188: 6183: 6182: 6181: 6176: 6171: 6166: 6157: 6155: 6151: 6150: 6148: 6147: 6142: 6140:United Kingdom 6137: 6132: 6127: 6122: 6117: 6112: 6107: 6102: 6096: 6094: 6090: 6089: 6087: 6086: 6081: 6080: 6079: 6069: 6064: 6059: 6058: 6057: 6052: 6044: 6039: 6034: 6029: 6024: 6019: 6018: 6017: 6012: 6007: 6002: 5992: 5987: 5982: 5977: 5967: 5962: 5961: 5960: 5950: 5944: 5942: 5938: 5937: 5935: 5934: 5929: 5924: 5919: 5914: 5909: 5908: 5907: 5902: 5897: 5887: 5886: 5885: 5880: 5875: 5870: 5865: 5855: 5854: 5853: 5843: 5838: 5833: 5832: 5831: 5821: 5815: 5813: 5809: 5808: 5801: 5800: 5793: 5786: 5778: 5772: 5771: 5765: 5740: 5734: 5717: 5711: 5694: 5674: 5647: 5644: 5642: 5641: 5615: 5599: 5597: 5594: 5591: 5590: 5559: 5528: 5507:"Book Burning" 5498: 5485: 5459: 5434: 5406:978-0765683175 5405: 5387: 5366:"Book reviews" 5356: 5339:"Book reviews" 5329: 5303: 5287: 5261: 5246: 5228: 5209: 5189: 5174: 5152: 5119: 5086: 5055: 5022: 4991: 4961: 4938: 4919: 4899: 4873: 4866: 4848: 4829: 4809: 4802: 4782: 4757: 4729: 4717: 4686: 4654: 4635: 4615: 4602: 4575: 4555: 4540: 4520: 4508: 4489: 4469: 4462: 4444: 4414: 4345: 4338: 4320: 4313: 4295: 4264: 4235: 4220: 4218:, p. 429. 4208: 4189:(4): 196–202. 4169: 4150:(3): 313–326. 4130: 4116: 4087: 4080: 4048: 4022: 3983: 3942: 3927: 3897: 3871: 3841: 3819: 3818: 3816: 3813: 3811: 3808: 3806: 3805: 3800: 3798:Lists of books 3795: 3789: 3788: 3787: 3771: 3768: 3753:Diego de Landa 3720:under China's 3691: 3683: 3681: 3678: 3631: 3623: 3621: 3618: 3604:Kirkus Reviews 3578:primary source 3563: 3555: 3553: 3550: 3537:Main article: 3534: 3531: 3529: 3526: 3443: 3435: 3433: 3430: 3429: 3428: 3422: 3417: 3411: 3406: 3400: 3395: 3389: 3381: 3378: 3272: 3269: 3260:public library 3191:Main article: 3188: 3185: 3174: 3173: 3132: 3130: 3123: 3117: 3114: 3057: 3054: 3041:oral tradition 3003: 2995: 2993: 2990: 2935:Religious text 2933:Main article: 2930: 2927: 2894: 2891: 2857: 2854: 2808:Reference work 2806:Main article: 2803: 2800: 2779:A page from a 2772: 2769: 2765:graphic novels 2718: 2715: 2679: 2678: 2637: 2635: 2628: 2622: 2619: 2568:Main article: 2565: 2562: 2515:Main article: 2512: 2509: 2479:print-disabled 2444:Main article: 2441: 2438: 2426:Main article: 2423: 2420: 2411: 2408: 2383:Main article: 2380: 2377: 2344: 2343: 2302: 2300: 2293: 2287: 2284: 2265:sizes of books 2213: 2210: 2162:Main article: 2159: 2156: 2140:(smaller) and 2121:Main article: 2118: 2115: 2059: 2058: 2055: 2041: 2023: 2020: 2017: 2014: 2009: 2004: 2001: 1997: 1996: 1980: 1977: 1969:Main article: 1966: 1963: 1919:Main article: 1916: 1913: 1872: 1869: 1794: 1791: 1781:), as well as 1749:Main article: 1728: 1725: 1714:, 15th century 1601:Main article: 1598: 1595: 1501:Main article: 1498: 1495: 1491:late antiquity 1447:British Museum 1422:Main article: 1419: 1416: 1362: 1359: 1328:printing press 1293:social history 1249:Main article: 1246: 1243: 1145: 1142: 1026: 1023: 1003:print-disabled 980:Books are sold 889: 888: 886: 885: 878: 871: 863: 860: 859: 846: 845: 844: 843: 838: 833: 828: 823: 818: 813: 805: 804: 794: 793: 792: 791: 790: 789: 779: 774: 769: 764: 759: 754: 746: 745: 741: 740: 739: 738: 733: 728: 723: 718: 710: 709: 703: 702: 701: 700: 695: 690: 685: 680: 679: 678: 673: 663: 658: 650: 649: 645: 644: 641: 640: 639: 638: 633: 628: 620: 619: 615: 614: 613: 612: 607: 602: 597: 592: 587: 582: 577: 572: 567: 562: 554: 553: 547: 546: 545: 544: 539: 534: 529: 524: 516: 515: 505: 504: 500: 499: 496: 495: 494: 493: 488: 483: 478: 473: 468: 463: 458: 453: 448: 447: 446: 441: 428: 427: 421: 420: 419: 418: 413: 408: 407: 406: 401: 396: 391: 386: 381: 376: 371: 366: 361: 356: 351: 341: 336: 331: 323: 322: 312: 311: 307: 306: 303: 302: 301: 300: 295: 290: 285: 280: 275: 270: 265: 260: 252: 251: 247: 246: 245: 244: 235: 230: 222: 221: 215: 214: 209: 204: 203: 202: 192: 187: 186: 185: 180: 170: 169: 168: 155: 154: 150: 149: 148: 147: 142: 141: 140: 135: 125: 120: 119: 118: 113: 108: 103: 98: 93: 88: 83: 70: 69: 63: 62: 54: 53: 42:printing press 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9835: 9824: 9823:Media formats 9821: 9819: 9816: 9814: 9811: 9809: 9806: 9805: 9803: 9788: 9785: 9783: 9780: 9778: 9775: 9773: 9770: 9768: 9767:Kindle single 9765: 9763: 9760: 9758: 9755: 9753: 9750: 9748: 9745: 9743: 9740: 9738: 9735: 9733: 9730: 9728: 9725: 9723: 9720: 9718: 9715: 9714: 9712: 9708: 9698: 9695: 9693: 9690: 9686: 9683: 9681: 9678: 9677: 9676: 9673: 9671: 9668: 9666: 9663: 9661: 9658: 9656: 9653: 9652: 9650: 9648:Noncommercial 9646: 9640: 9637: 9635: 9632: 9630: 9627: 9625: 9622: 9618: 9615: 9613: 9610: 9609: 9608: 9605: 9603: 9600: 9598: 9595: 9593: 9590: 9588: 9585: 9583: 9580: 9578: 9575: 9573: 9570: 9569: 9567: 9563: 9560: 9558: 9554: 9548: 9545: 9543: 9540: 9538: 9535: 9533: 9530: 9528: 9525: 9523: 9520: 9518: 9515: 9513: 9510: 9508: 9505: 9503: 9500: 9498: 9495: 9493: 9492:iBooks Author 9490: 9488: 9485: 9482: 9480: 9477: 9475: 9472: 9470: 9467: 9465: 9462: 9460: 9457: 9455: 9452: 9450: 9447: 9445: 9442: 9440: 9437: 9435: 9432: 9430: 9427: 9426: 9424: 9420: 9410: 9407: 9405: 9402: 9400: 9397: 9395: 9392: 9390: 9387: 9385: 9382: 9380: 9377: 9375: 9372: 9370: 9367: 9365: 9362: 9360: 9357: 9355: 9352: 9350: 9347: 9345: 9342: 9340: 9337: 9335: 9332: 9330: 9327: 9325: 9322: 9320: 9317: 9315: 9312: 9307: 9304: 9302: 9299: 9297: 9294: 9292: 9291:Adobe Acrobat 9289: 9288: 9286: 9282: 9276: 9273: 9271: 9268: 9266: 9263: 9261: 9258: 9256: 9253: 9251: 9248: 9246: 9243: 9241: 9238: 9236: 9233: 9231: 9228: 9226: 9223: 9221: 9218: 9216: 9213: 9211: 9208: 9206: 9203: 9201: 9200:Amazon Kindle 9198: 9197: 9195: 9193: 9189: 9186: 9182: 9176: 9173: 9171: 9168: 9166: 9163: 9161: 9158: 9156: 9153: 9151: 9148: 9146: 9143: 9141: 9138: 9137: 9135: 9133: 9129: 9125: 9118: 9113: 9111: 9106: 9104: 9099: 9098: 9095: 9083: 9080: 9078: 9075: 9073: 9070: 9068: 9065: 9063: 9060: 9058: 9055: 9053: 9050: 9048: 9045: 9043: 9040: 9038: 9035: 9034: 9032: 9028: 9021: 9017: 9015: 9012: 9010: 9007: 9005: 9002: 9000: 8997: 8995: 8992: 8990: 8989:Open research 8987: 8985: 8982: 8980: 8977: 8975: 8972: 8970: 8967: 8965: 8962: 8960: 8957: 8956: 8954: 8950: 8944: 8941: 8939: 8936: 8934: 8931: 8929: 8926: 8924: 8921: 8919: 8916: 8914: 8911: 8909: 8906: 8904: 8901: 8900: 8898: 8896: 8892: 8886: 8883: 8881: 8878: 8876: 8873: 8871: 8868: 8866: 8863: 8862: 8860: 8856: 8850: 8847: 8845: 8842: 8840: 8837: 8833: 8830: 8829: 8828: 8825: 8823: 8820: 8819: 8817: 8813: 8807: 8804: 8802: 8799: 8797: 8796:Impact factor 8794: 8792: 8789: 8787: 8784: 8782: 8779: 8777: 8774: 8772: 8769: 8767: 8766:Bibliometrics 8764: 8762: 8759: 8757: 8754: 8752: 8749: 8747: 8744: 8743: 8741: 8737: 8731: 8728: 8726: 8723: 8719: 8716: 8714: 8711: 8710: 8709: 8706: 8702: 8699: 8697: 8694: 8693: 8692: 8689: 8687: 8684: 8682: 8679: 8678: 8676: 8672: 8666: 8663: 8661: 8658: 8656: 8653: 8651: 8650:Annual report 8648: 8646: 8643: 8641: 8638: 8636: 8635:Working paper 8633: 8632: 8630: 8628: 8624: 8618: 8615: 8613: 8610: 8608: 8605: 8601: 8598: 8597: 8596: 8593: 8592: 8590: 8586: 8578: 8577:Public health 8575: 8574: 8573: 8570: 8568: 8565: 8564: 8562: 8558: 8554: 8547: 8542: 8540: 8535: 8533: 8528: 8527: 8524: 8512: 8509: 8507: 8504: 8502: 8499: 8497: 8494: 8492: 8491: 8486: 8484: 8481: 8479: 8476: 8474: 8471: 8469: 8466: 8464: 8463: 8458: 8456: 8454: 8449: 8447: 8445: 8440: 8438: 8435: 8434: 8432: 8426: 8420: 8417: 8415: 8412: 8410: 8407: 8405: 8402: 8400: 8397: 8395: 8392: 8390: 8387: 8385: 8382: 8380: 8377: 8375: 8372: 8370: 8367: 8365: 8362: 8360: 8357: 8355: 8352: 8350: 8347: 8345: 8342: 8340: 8337: 8335: 8332: 8330: 8327: 8325: 8324:Folk medicine 8322: 8320: 8317: 8315: 8312: 8310: 8307: 8305: 8302: 8300: 8297: 8295: 8292: 8290: 8287: 8285: 8282: 8280: 8277: 8275: 8272: 8270: 8267: 8265: 8262: 8260: 8257: 8255: 8254:Ancient music 8252: 8251: 8249: 8245: 8239: 8233: 8230: 8228: 8225: 8223: 8220: 8218: 8215: 8213: 8210: 8208: 8205: 8203: 8200: 8198: 8195: 8193: 8190: 8188: 8187:Stained glass 8185: 8183: 8180: 8178: 8175: 8173: 8170: 8168: 8167:Road vehicles 8165: 8163: 8162:Rail vehicles 8160: 8158: 8155: 8153: 8150: 8148: 8145: 8143: 8140: 8138: 8135: 8133: 8130: 8128: 8125: 8123: 8120: 8118: 8115: 8113: 8112:New media art 8110: 8108: 8105: 8103: 8100: 8098: 8095: 8093: 8090: 8088: 8085: 8083: 8080: 8078: 8075: 8073: 8072:Ivory objects 8070: 8068: 8065: 8063: 8060: 8058: 8055: 8053: 8052:Human remains 8050: 8048: 8045: 8043: 8042:Glass objects 8040: 8038: 8035: 8033: 8030: 8028: 8025: 8023: 8020: 8018: 8015: 8013: 8010: 8008: 8005: 8003: 8000: 7998: 7995: 7993: 7990: 7988: 7985: 7984: 7982: 7978: 7968: 7962: 7959: 7957: 7954: 7952: 7949: 7947: 7944: 7942: 7939: 7937: 7934: 7932: 7929: 7928: 7926: 7922: 7919:of immovable 7912: 7906: 7903: 7901: 7898: 7896: 7893: 7891: 7888: 7886: 7883: 7881: 7878: 7876: 7873: 7871: 7868: 7866: 7863: 7861: 7858: 7856: 7853: 7851: 7848: 7846: 7843: 7841: 7838: 7836: 7833: 7831: 7828: 7826: 7823: 7821: 7820:Desmet method 7818: 7816: 7813: 7811: 7808: 7806: 7803: 7801: 7798: 7796: 7793: 7791: 7788: 7787: 7785: 7779: 7773: 7770: 7768: 7765: 7763: 7760: 7758: 7755: 7753: 7750: 7748: 7745: 7743: 7740: 7738: 7735: 7733: 7730: 7728: 7725: 7723: 7720: 7718: 7715: 7713: 7710: 7708: 7705: 7703: 7700: 7698: 7695: 7693: 7690: 7689: 7687: 7685:and expertise 7681: 7675: 7674:Web archiving 7672: 7670: 7667: 7665: 7662: 7660: 7657: 7655: 7652: 7650: 7647: 7645: 7642: 7640: 7637: 7635: 7632: 7630: 7627: 7625: 7622: 7620: 7617: 7615: 7612: 7610: 7607: 7605: 7602: 7600: 7597: 7595: 7592: 7590: 7587: 7585: 7584:Inherent vice 7582: 7580: 7577: 7575: 7572: 7570: 7567: 7565: 7562: 7560: 7557: 7555: 7552: 7550: 7547: 7545: 7542: 7540: 7537: 7535: 7532: 7530: 7527: 7525: 7522: 7520: 7517: 7515: 7512: 7510: 7507: 7505: 7502: 7500: 7497: 7495: 7492: 7490: 7487: 7485: 7482: 7480: 7477: 7475: 7472: 7470: 7467: 7465: 7462: 7460: 7457: 7455: 7452: 7450: 7447: 7445: 7442: 7440: 7437: 7435: 7432: 7430: 7427: 7425: 7422: 7420: 7417: 7415: 7412: 7410: 7407: 7405: 7402: 7400: 7397: 7395: 7392: 7391: 7389: 7383: 7379: 7375: 7368: 7363: 7361: 7356: 7354: 7349: 7348: 7345: 7333: 7330: 7328: 7325: 7323: 7320: 7318: 7315: 7313: 7310: 7308: 7307:Drink coaster 7305: 7304: 7302: 7298: 7292: 7289: 7287: 7284: 7282: 7279: 7277: 7274: 7272: 7269: 7268: 7266: 7262: 7256: 7253: 7251: 7248: 7246: 7243: 7241: 7238: 7236: 7233: 7232: 7230: 7226: 7220: 7217: 7215: 7212: 7210: 7207: 7206: 7204: 7200: 7194: 7193:Visiting card 7191: 7189: 7186: 7184: 7181: 7179: 7178:Business card 7176: 7174: 7171: 7170: 7168: 7164: 7158: 7155: 7153: 7150: 7148: 7147:Postage stamp 7145: 7143: 7140: 7138: 7137:Manila folder 7135: 7133: 7130: 7128: 7125: 7123: 7122:Greeting card 7120: 7118: 7115: 7114: 7112: 7110: 7106: 7100: 7097: 7095: 7092: 7090: 7087: 7085: 7082: 7080: 7079:Facial tissue 7077: 7076: 7074: 7070: 7064: 7063:Shipping tube 7061: 7059: 7056: 7054: 7051: 7049: 7046: 7044: 7041: 7039: 7036: 7034: 7031: 7029: 7026: 7024: 7021: 7019: 7016: 7014: 7011: 7009: 7006: 7004: 7001: 7000: 6998: 6994: 6990: 6987: 6980: 6975: 6973: 6968: 6966: 6961: 6960: 6957: 6945: 6942: 6940: 6937: 6935: 6932: 6930: 6927: 6925: 6922: 6920: 6917: 6915: 6912: 6909: 6907: 6904: 6899: 6895: 6894: 6893: 6890: 6888: 6885: 6884: 6882: 6878: 6872: 6869: 6867: 6864: 6862: 6859: 6857: 6854: 6852: 6849: 6847: 6844: 6842: 6839: 6837: 6834: 6832: 6829: 6827: 6824: 6820: 6817: 6816: 6815: 6812: 6810: 6807: 6805: 6802: 6801: 6799: 6797: 6793: 6787: 6784: 6782: 6779: 6776: 6774: 6773:Illustrations 6771: 6769: 6766: 6764: 6761: 6760: 6758: 6756: 6752: 6746: 6743: 6741: 6738: 6736: 6733: 6731: 6728: 6726: 6723: 6721: 6718: 6716: 6713: 6711: 6708: 6706: 6703: 6701: 6698: 6696: 6693: 6691: 6688: 6686: 6683: 6681: 6678: 6676: 6673: 6669:bastard title 6668: 6667: 6666: 6663: 6662: 6660: 6658: 6654: 6648: 6645: 6644: 6642: 6640: 6636: 6630: 6627: 6625: 6624:Picture cover 6622: 6620: 6617: 6615: 6612: 6610: 6607: 6605: 6602: 6600: 6597: 6595: 6592: 6590: 6587: 6586: 6584: 6582: 6576: 6571: 6559: 6556: 6555: 6554: 6551: 6549: 6546: 6544: 6541: 6539: 6536: 6534: 6531: 6529: 6526: 6524: 6521: 6519: 6516: 6514: 6511: 6507: 6504: 6502: 6499: 6498: 6497: 6494: 6492: 6489: 6487: 6484: 6482: 6479: 6477: 6474: 6472: 6469: 6467: 6464: 6462: 6459: 6455: 6452: 6450: 6449:Marginal note 6447: 6445: 6442: 6440: 6437: 6436: 6435: 6432: 6431: 6429: 6427: 6422: 6418: 6414: 6407: 6402: 6400: 6395: 6393: 6388: 6387: 6384: 6372: 6368: 6364: 6362: 6354: 6352: 6344: 6343: 6340: 6334: 6331: 6329: 6326: 6324: 6323: 6319: 6317: 6314: 6312: 6309: 6307: 6304: 6302: 6299: 6297: 6294: 6290: 6287: 6285: 6282: 6281: 6280: 6277: 6275: 6272: 6270: 6267: 6265: 6262: 6260: 6259:Book swapping 6257: 6255: 6252: 6250: 6247: 6243: 6240: 6238: 6235: 6234: 6233: 6230: 6228: 6225: 6224: 6222: 6218: 6212: 6209: 6205: 6202: 6200: 6197: 6195: 6192: 6191: 6189: 6187: 6184: 6180: 6177: 6175: 6172: 6170: 6167: 6165: 6162: 6161: 6159: 6158: 6156: 6152: 6146: 6145:United States 6143: 6141: 6138: 6136: 6133: 6131: 6128: 6126: 6123: 6121: 6118: 6116: 6113: 6111: 6108: 6106: 6103: 6101: 6098: 6097: 6095: 6091: 6085: 6082: 6078: 6075: 6074: 6073: 6070: 6068: 6067:Print culture 6065: 6063: 6060: 6056: 6053: 6051: 6048: 6047: 6045: 6043: 6040: 6038: 6035: 6033: 6030: 6028: 6025: 6023: 6020: 6016: 6013: 6011: 6008: 6006: 6003: 6001: 5998: 5997: 5996: 5993: 5991: 5988: 5986: 5985:Bibliotherapy 5983: 5981: 5978: 5975: 5971: 5968: 5966: 5963: 5959: 5956: 5955: 5954: 5951: 5949: 5946: 5945: 5943: 5939: 5933: 5930: 5928: 5925: 5923: 5920: 5918: 5915: 5913: 5910: 5906: 5903: 5901: 5898: 5896: 5893: 5892: 5891: 5888: 5884: 5881: 5879: 5876: 5874: 5871: 5869: 5866: 5864: 5861: 5860: 5859: 5856: 5852: 5849: 5848: 5847: 5844: 5842: 5839: 5837: 5834: 5830: 5827: 5826: 5825: 5822: 5820: 5817: 5816: 5814: 5810: 5806: 5799: 5794: 5792: 5787: 5785: 5780: 5779: 5776: 5768: 5766:9780198794202 5762: 5758: 5754: 5750: 5746: 5741: 5737: 5735:9780262535410 5731: 5727: 5723: 5718: 5714: 5712:9781119018179 5708: 5704: 5700: 5695: 5691: 5685: 5677: 5671: 5667: 5663: 5659: 5655: 5650: 5649: 5630: 5626: 5622: 5618: 5616:0-415-25901-0 5612: 5608: 5607: 5601: 5600: 5578: 5574: 5570: 5563: 5547: 5543: 5539: 5532: 5516: 5512: 5508: 5502: 5495: 5489: 5474: 5470: 5463: 5448: 5444: 5438: 5430: 5424: 5416: 5412: 5408: 5402: 5398: 5391: 5380:September 22, 5375: 5371: 5367: 5360: 5349:September 22, 5344: 5340: 5333: 5317: 5313: 5307: 5300: 5297: 5291: 5275: 5271: 5265: 5257: 5253: 5249: 5243: 5239: 5232: 5216: 5212: 5206: 5202: 5201: 5193: 5185: 5181: 5177: 5171: 5166: 5165: 5156: 5140: 5136: 5135: 5130: 5123: 5107: 5103: 5098: 5090: 5074: 5070: 5066: 5059: 5043: 5039: 5038: 5033: 5026: 5010: 5006: 5002: 4995: 4979: 4975: 4971: 4965: 4958: 4954: 4950: 4949: 4942: 4926: 4922: 4916: 4912: 4911: 4903: 4888: 4884: 4877: 4869: 4863: 4859: 4852: 4836: 4832: 4826: 4822: 4821: 4813: 4805: 4799: 4795: 4794: 4786: 4771: 4767: 4761: 4745: 4744: 4739: 4733: 4726: 4721: 4705: 4701: 4697: 4690: 4683: 4679: 4675: 4671: 4667: 4663: 4658: 4642: 4638: 4632: 4628: 4627: 4619: 4612: 4606: 4590: 4586: 4582: 4578: 4576:9780789019813 4572: 4568: 4567: 4559: 4551: 4547: 4543: 4541:0-486-24020-7 4537: 4533: 4532: 4524: 4517: 4512: 4496: 4492: 4486: 4482: 4481: 4473: 4465: 4463:9780838910382 4459: 4455: 4448: 4432: 4428: 4427:Braille Works 4424: 4418: 4407:September 16, 4402: 4398: 4394: 4390: 4386: 4381: 4376: 4372: 4368: 4364: 4360: 4356: 4349: 4341: 4335: 4331: 4324: 4316: 4310: 4306: 4299: 4283: 4279: 4275: 4268: 4260: 4254: 4246: 4239: 4231: 4224: 4217: 4212: 4204: 4200: 4196: 4192: 4188: 4184: 4180: 4173: 4165: 4161: 4157: 4153: 4149: 4145: 4141: 4134: 4119: 4113: 4109: 4105: 4101: 4097: 4091: 4083: 4077: 4073: 4069: 4065: 4061: 4060: 4052: 4036: 4032: 4026: 4018: 4014: 4010: 4006: 4002: 3998: 3994: 3987: 3979: 3975: 3971: 3967: 3963: 3959: 3955: 3949: 3947: 3940:, p. 41. 3939: 3934: 3932: 3915: 3911: 3907: 3901: 3885: 3881: 3875: 3859: 3855: 3851: 3845: 3830: 3824: 3820: 3804: 3801: 3799: 3796: 3794: 3791: 3790: 3785: 3779: 3774: 3764: 3760: 3758: 3754: 3750: 3746: 3742: 3741:Aztec codices 3738: 3735: 3731: 3727: 3723: 3719: 3715: 3710: 3707: 3703: 3695: 3688: 3674: 3670: 3669: 3665: 3661: 3660: 3655: 3651: 3647: 3643: 3638: 3634: 3628: 3614: 3610: 3606: 3605: 3600: 3599: 3594: 3592: 3587: 3583: 3579: 3574: 3572: 3569:is a form of 3568: 3560: 3549: 3546: 3540: 3522: 3518: 3514: 3511:(AIC) or the 3510: 3505: 3502: 3498: 3497:inherent vice 3493: 3491: 3487: 3483: 3479: 3475: 3471: 3467: 3463: 3459: 3452: 3447: 3440: 3426: 3423: 3421: 3418: 3415: 3412: 3410: 3407: 3404: 3401: 3399: 3396: 3393: 3390: 3387: 3384: 3383: 3377: 3375: 3371: 3366: 3362: 3353: 3349: 3347: 3343: 3339: 3335: 3331: 3327: 3323: 3319: 3313: 3311: 3307: 3304: 3300: 3296: 3292: 3289:In 2011, the 3285: 3281: 3277: 3268: 3265: 3261: 3256: 3252: 3249: 3243: 3241: 3237: 3233: 3229: 3225: 3221: 3216: 3208: 3204: 3199: 3194: 3184: 3182: 3170: 3167: 3159: 3149: 3145: 3139: 3138: 3133:This section 3131: 3127: 3122: 3121: 3113: 3111: 3107: 3103: 3099: 3095: 3091: 3087: 3086:Address books 3083: 3081: 3077: 3073: 3069: 3063: 3049: 3042: 3038: 3034: 3032: 3028: 3027:picture books 3023: 3016: 3012: 3007: 3000: 2989: 2987: 2983: 2979: 2975: 2971: 2967: 2963: 2959: 2956: 2952: 2948: 2946: 2942: 2936: 2926: 2924: 2920: 2916: 2912: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2890: 2888: 2884: 2880: 2873: 2868: 2863: 2853: 2851: 2847: 2843: 2839: 2835: 2831: 2827: 2823: 2819: 2814: 2809: 2799: 2797: 2794:. Nearly all 2793: 2789: 2782: 2777: 2768: 2766: 2762: 2758: 2756: 2752: 2748: 2744: 2739: 2734: 2732: 2728: 2727:literary form 2724: 2714: 2712: 2708: 2704: 2700: 2693: 2689: 2685: 2675: 2672: 2664: 2661:February 2024 2654: 2650: 2644: 2643: 2638:This section 2636: 2632: 2627: 2626: 2618: 2616: 2612: 2608: 2604: 2603:compact discs 2600: 2596: 2592: 2588: 2584: 2579: 2577: 2571: 2561: 2558: 2556: 2552: 2548: 2544: 2540: 2536: 2528: 2523: 2518: 2508: 2506: 2502: 2497: 2495: 2491: 2487: 2482: 2480: 2477:or otherwise 2476: 2467: 2466:screen reader 2447: 2437: 2435: 2429: 2419: 2417: 2416:foil stamping 2407: 2405: 2399: 2396: 2392: 2386: 2376: 2373: 2368: 2366: 2362: 2357: 2355: 2351: 2340: 2337: 2329: 2326:February 2024 2319: 2315: 2309: 2308: 2303:This section 2301: 2297: 2292: 2291: 2283: 2281: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2266: 2262: 2257: 2255: 2251: 2247: 2243: 2239: 2235: 2231: 2227: 2226:mechanization 2218: 2212:Manufacturing 2209: 2207: 2203: 2199: 2195: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2170: 2165: 2155: 2153: 2149: 2145: 2144: 2139: 2138: 2133: 2132: 2124: 2114: 2111: 2109: 2105: 2101: 2096: 2092: 2088: 2084: 2083:content pages 2080: 2076: 2072: 2068: 2056: 2053: 2049: 2045: 2042: 2039: 2038: 2033: 2032: 2027: 2024: 2021: 2018: 2015: 2013: 2010: 2008: 2005: 2002: 1999: 1998: 1993: 1989: 1986: 1976: 1972: 1962: 1960: 1956: 1952: 1951:HarperCollins 1948: 1944: 1939: 1937: 1932: 1928: 1922: 1912: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1885: 1882: 1878: 1866: 1861: 1857: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1832: 1828: 1819: 1813: 1809: 1804: 1800: 1790: 1788: 1784: 1783:playing-cards 1780: 1776: 1772: 1771: 1766: 1762: 1758: 1752: 1745: 1741: 1737: 1733: 1724: 1721: 1713: 1709: 1704: 1700: 1698: 1694: 1689: 1687: 1683: 1677: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1647: 1644:In the early 1642: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1624: 1620: 1615: 1610: 1604: 1594: 1592: 1591: 1586: 1585:Aztec codices 1582: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1561: 1559: 1551: 1547: 1542: 1540: 1536: 1535: 1530: 1526: 1518: 1514: 1509: 1504: 1494: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1463:First Dynasty 1460: 1459:Ancient Egypt 1456: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1435: 1430: 1425: 1415: 1413: 1409: 1404: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1372: 1368: 1356: 1352: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1324: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1304: 1302: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1262: 1261:Walk of Ideas 1257: 1252: 1242: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1219: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1203: 1201: 1200:South America 1198: 1194: 1190: 1185: 1179: 1177: 1176: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1141: 1139: 1134: 1131: 1126: 1125:Indo-European 1121: 1109: 1098: 1094: 1090: 1085: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1051: 1045: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1022: 1020: 1016: 1013:printing and 1012: 1008: 1004: 1000: 995: 993: 989: 985: 981: 977: 975: 971: 967: 963: 959: 958:account books 955: 951: 947: 943: 939: 934: 932: 928: 924: 920: 916: 912: 908: 904: 900: 896: 884: 879: 877: 872: 870: 865: 864: 862: 861: 858: 848: 847: 842: 839: 837: 834: 832: 829: 827: 824: 822: 819: 817: 814: 812: 809: 808: 807: 806: 803: 799: 796: 795: 788: 785: 784: 783: 780: 778: 775: 773: 770: 768: 765: 763: 760: 758: 755: 753: 750: 749: 748: 747: 743: 742: 737: 734: 732: 729: 727: 724: 722: 719: 717: 714: 713: 712: 711: 708: 705: 704: 699: 696: 694: 691: 689: 686: 684: 681: 677: 674: 672: 669: 668: 667: 664: 662: 659: 657: 654: 653: 652: 651: 647: 646: 637: 634: 632: 629: 627: 624: 623: 622: 621: 617: 616: 611: 608: 606: 603: 601: 598: 596: 593: 591: 588: 586: 583: 581: 578: 576: 573: 571: 568: 566: 563: 561: 558: 557: 556: 555: 552: 549: 548: 543: 540: 538: 535: 533: 530: 528: 525: 523: 520: 519: 518: 517: 514: 511: 510: 507: 506: 503:Poetry genres 502: 501: 492: 489: 487: 484: 482: 479: 477: 474: 472: 469: 467: 464: 462: 459: 457: 454: 452: 449: 445: 442: 440: 437: 436: 435: 432: 431: 430: 429: 426: 423: 422: 417: 414: 412: 409: 405: 402: 400: 397: 395: 392: 390: 387: 385: 382: 380: 377: 375: 372: 370: 367: 365: 362: 360: 357: 355: 354:coming-of-age 352: 350: 347: 346: 345: 342: 340: 337: 335: 332: 330: 327: 326: 325: 324: 321: 318: 317: 314: 313: 309: 308: 299: 296: 294: 291: 289: 286: 284: 283:Flash fiction 281: 279: 276: 274: 271: 269: 266: 264: 261: 259: 256: 255: 254: 253: 249: 248: 243: 239: 236: 234: 231: 229: 226: 225: 224: 223: 219: 218: 213: 210: 208: 205: 201: 198: 197: 196: 193: 191: 188: 184: 181: 179: 176: 175: 174: 171: 167: 164: 163: 162: 159: 158: 157: 156: 152: 151: 146: 143: 139: 136: 134: 131: 130: 129: 126: 124: 121: 117: 114: 112: 109: 107: 104: 102: 99: 97: 94: 92: 89: 87: 84: 82: 79: 78: 77: 74: 73: 72: 71: 68: 65: 64: 60: 56: 55: 52: 49: 48: 43: 39: 36:, one of the 35: 30: 26: 22: 9721: 9655:Aozora Bunko 9617:Google Books 9512:MadCap Flare 9260:Rocket eBook 9240:Kobo eReader 9235:iRiver Story 9215:Elonex ebook 8707: 8489: 8461: 8452: 8443: 8334:Folk process 8289:Ethnopoetics 8247:preservation 8107:Neon objects 7980:by item type 7971:Conservation 7924:by item type 7915:Conservation 7865:Overpainting 7825:Display case 7654:Repatriation 7423: 7312:Filter paper 7286:Playing card 7234: 7157:Post-it note 7094:Toilet paper 6846:Bibliography 6735:Introduction 6695:Nihil obstat 6675:Frontispiece 6657:Front matter 6491:Illumination 6320: 6316:Preservation 6232:Book burning 6227:Banned books 5980:Bibliophilia 5965:Bibliography 5895:advance copy 5878:instant book 5846:Illustration 5829:dust jackets 5804: 5744: 5721: 5698: 5653: 5633:. Retrieved 5605: 5596:Bibliography 5581:. Retrieved 5577:the original 5572: 5562: 5550:. Retrieved 5546:the original 5541: 5531: 5519:. Retrieved 5515:the original 5510: 5501: 5496:61.4:429–443 5493: 5488: 5476:. Retrieved 5472: 5462: 5450:. Retrieved 5446: 5437: 5396: 5390: 5378:. Retrieved 5374:the original 5369: 5359: 5347:. Retrieved 5342: 5332: 5320:. Retrieved 5315: 5306: 5295: 5290: 5278:. Retrieved 5274:the original 5264: 5237: 5231: 5219:. Retrieved 5199: 5192: 5163: 5155: 5143:. Retrieved 5132: 5122: 5110:. Retrieved 5089: 5077:. Retrieved 5058: 5046:. Retrieved 5035: 5025: 5013:. Retrieved 5004: 4994: 4984:September 2, 4982:. Retrieved 4978:the original 4973: 4964: 4947: 4941: 4929:. Retrieved 4909: 4902: 4890:. Retrieved 4887:Literary Hub 4886: 4876: 4857: 4851: 4839:. Retrieved 4819: 4812: 4792: 4785: 4773:. Retrieved 4769: 4760: 4748:. Retrieved 4741: 4732: 4720: 4708:. Retrieved 4699: 4689: 4681: 4673: 4669: 4665: 4657: 4645:. Retrieved 4625: 4618: 4613:, pp. 42–43. 4610: 4605: 4593:. Retrieved 4565: 4558: 4530: 4523: 4515: 4511: 4499:. Retrieved 4479: 4472: 4453: 4447: 4435:. Retrieved 4426: 4417: 4405:. Retrieved 4380:2318/1768949 4362: 4358: 4348: 4329: 4323: 4304: 4298: 4286:. Retrieved 4280:. New York. 4277: 4267: 4244: 4238: 4230:Islamic Arts 4229: 4223: 4211: 4186: 4182: 4172: 4147: 4143: 4133: 4121:. Retrieved 4099: 4090: 4058: 4051: 4039:. Retrieved 4035:Literary Hub 4034: 4025: 4003:(1): 68–78. 4000: 3996: 3986: 3961: 3957: 3918:. Retrieved 3909: 3900: 3890:December 30, 3888:. Retrieved 3884:the original 3874: 3862:. Retrieved 3853: 3844: 3832:. Retrieved 3823: 3784:Books portal 3749:Maya codices 3711: 3702:Book burning 3700: 3687:Book burning 3680:Book burning 3666: 3657: 3650:Soviet Union 3646:Nazi Germany 3640:such as the 3602: 3596: 3575: 3564: 3552:Book reviews 3542: 3494: 3455: 3432:Conservation 3358: 3314: 3288: 3257: 3253: 3244: 3212: 3177: 3162: 3153: 3142:Please help 3137:verification 3134: 3084: 3065: 3020: 2949: 2938: 2896: 2876: 2845: 2822:encyclopedia 2815: 2811: 2785: 2759: 2735: 2720: 2696: 2667: 2658: 2647:Please help 2642:verification 2639: 2580: 2576:abridgements 2573: 2559: 2532: 2498: 2483: 2471: 2431: 2413: 2404:Smyth sewing 2400: 2388: 2369: 2360: 2358: 2347: 2332: 2323: 2312:Please help 2307:verification 2304: 2270: 2258: 2230:book printer 2223: 2191: 2182:Edmund Evans 2177: 2158:Illustration 2151: 2147: 2141: 2135: 2129: 2126: 2112: 2103: 2099: 2094: 2091:front matter 2090: 2086: 2082: 2078: 2074: 2070: 2066: 2064: 2051: 2047: 2035: 2029: 1988: 1974: 1940: 1924: 1886: 1874: 1853: 1831:movable type 1824: 1811: 1799:Movable type 1768: 1754: 1717: 1711: 1692: 1690: 1678: 1658:Christianity 1643: 1640: 1630: 1621:contains an 1588: 1581:Maya codices 1562: 1549: 1543: 1538: 1532: 1522: 1516: 1452: 1432: 1411: 1407: 1405: 1374: 1340: 1325: 1305: 1285:palaeography 1277:bibliography 1266: 1220: 1214: 1204: 1180: 1173: 1165: 1161: 1147: 1135: 1030: 1028: 1019:Google Books 996: 978: 935: 894: 892: 416:Encyclopedic 394:supernatural 310:Prose genres 166:closet drama 25: 9612:Google Play 9547:Writer2epub 9532:QuarkXPress 9507:LibreOffice 9479:eXeLearning 9409:Sumatra PDF 9404:STDU Viewer 9306:Apple Books 9270:Smartphones 9145:FictionBook 8969:Peer review 8849:#ICanHazPDF 8827:Open access 8786:Eigenfactor 8730:Proceedings 8640:White paper 8490:H.L. Hunley 8269:Early music 8217:Vinyl discs 8212:Totem poles 8147:Photographs 8092:Lighthouses 8082:Lacquerware 8037:Fur objects 7975:of movable 7905:VisualAudio 7850:Leafcasting 7795:Anastylosis 7742:Mount maker 7702:Art handler 7559:Finding aid 7409:Archaeology 7322:Paper model 7276:Paper craft 7202:Decorations 7089:Paper towel 7043:Oyster pail 7038:Molded pulp 6944:Thumb index 6910:Die-cutting 6871:Author page 6796:Back matter 6755:Body matter 6604:Dust jacket 6594:Bookbinding 6581:back covers 6548:Rubrication 6501:Historiated 6421:Page layout 6413:Book design 6249:Book curses 6125:Netherlands 5995:Bookselling 5970:Bibliomania 5953:Bestsellers 5941:Consumption 5932:Book series 5917:Typesetting 5583:November 8, 5552:November 8, 5521:November 8, 5345:. Princeton 5145:January 25, 4931:October 15, 4841:December 5, 4775:February 4, 4647:October 15, 4123:February 2, 4041:February 6, 3834:February 2, 3732:during the 3722:Qin dynasty 3591:non-fiction 3567:book review 3559:Book review 3545:pop culture 3486:restoration 3482:bookbinding 3478:conservator 3342:video tapes 3299:check digit 3156:August 2024 3110:bookkeeping 3090:phone books 3056:Unpublished 3037:fairy tales 2966:Prayerbooks 2893:Educational 2771:Non-fiction 2761:Comic books 2755:short story 2703:non-fiction 2609:, often of 2591:music shops 2555:smartphones 2428:Bookselling 2385:Bookbinding 2350:web presses 2206:lithography 2194:block books 2071:front cover 1985:Page layout 1971:Book design 1838: 1045 1779:block-books 1757:Han dynasty 1710:, from his 1708:Jean Miélot 1674:rubrication 1650:monasteries 1534:Etymologiae 1513:bamboo book 1483:Hellenistic 1475:Phoenicians 1401:Middle Ages 1367:Clay tablet 1313:Middle East 1289:art history 1184:James Raven 1144:Definitions 1138:bibliophile 1099:, the word 1035:Old English 1015:large-print 974:sketchbooks 954:paper dolls 950:non-fiction 929:. The book 899:information 821:Composition 698:Tragicomedy 537:Verse novel 425:Non-fiction 329:Speculative 268:Short story 138:spoken word 128:Performance 101:heroic epic 9802:Categories 9697:Wikisource 9665:HathiTrust 9660:Faded Page 9639:Smashwords 9597:BookWalker 9565:Commercial 9349:Kindle app 9170:Plain text 9160:Mobipocket 8885:Retraction 8858:Versioning 8751:Altmetrics 8696:Biological 8329:Folk music 8309:Folk dance 8242:Intangible 7840:Inpainting 7707:Auctioneer 7697:Art dealer 7649:Provenance 7454:Collecting 7387:and issues 7281:Paper toys 7264:Recreation 7127:Index card 7109:Stationery 7058:Paperboard 6996:Containers 6906:Book rhyme 6887:Book curse 6826:Postscript 6809:Conclusion 6705:Dedication 6700:Imprimatur 6680:Title page 6665:Half-title 6579:Front and 6533:Pull quote 6434:Annotation 6426:typography 6194:audiobooks 6093:By country 6046:Furniture 6037:Digitizing 6032:Collecting 6022:Censorship 6005:book towns 5890:Publishing 5873:incunabula 5812:Production 5656:. Oxford: 5221:August 29, 5079:January 2, 5015:August 19, 4892:August 28, 4750:August 28, 4710:August 13, 4501:August 29, 4062:. Oxford: 3810:References 3706:censorship 3637:Censorship 3504:document. 3248:librarians 3102:accounting 3060:See also: 3011:lithograph 2860:See also: 2844:, such as 2826:dictionary 2781:dictionary 2564:Audiobooks 2365:impression 2361:make-ready 2354:signatures 2104:back cover 2095:end matter 2075:back cover 2026:Right page 2000:Belly band 1983:See also: 1921:Publishing 1854:incunabula 1850:incunables 1846:hand mould 1736:Bagh print 1697:stationers 1652:continued 1607:See also: 1603:Manuscript 1597:Manuscript 1550:Apophoreta 1511:A Chinese 1408:pugillares 1385:Bronze Age 1371:Wax tablet 1321:South Asia 1273:codicology 1189:newspapers 1097:Macedonian 1075:Macedonian 1017:editions. 1009:, such as 999:audiobooks 992:censorship 942:classified 931:publishing 736:Postmodern 671:historical 610:Villanelle 491:Travelogue 486:Persuasive 466:Journalism 444:philosophy 411:Historical 379:paranormal 339:Children's 212:Electronic 86:fairy tale 51:Literature 40:using the 9813:Documents 9680:Australia 9624:Jarir.com 9602:Feedbooks 9592:Booktrack 9537:Scrivener 9449:Aquafadas 9399:Snapplify 9314:Aquafadas 9245:Onyx Boox 8870:Postprint 8713:Monograph 8665:Lab notes 8444:Ecce Homo 8339:Folk play 8192:Taxidermy 8137:Parchment 8117:Paintings 7692:Archivist 7327:Sandpaper 7250:Newsprint 7245:Newspaper 7219:Wallpaper 7166:Financial 7053:Paper cup 7048:Paper bag 6898:ex-librīs 6892:Bookplate 6804:Afterword 6763:Body text 6639:Endpapers 6619:Paperback 6609:Hardcover 6518:Miniature 6506:Inhabited 6486:Headpiece 6466:Catchword 6264:Book tour 6237:incidents 6169:miniature 6164:fictional 6050:bookcases 5990:Bookmarks 5905:paperback 5900:hardcover 5726:MIT Press 5684:cite book 5635:March 21, 5478:April 17, 5452:April 15, 5423:cite book 5415:881383488 5280:April 13, 5256:716844327 5184:176980408 5112:March 11, 5048:March 12, 4668:, Vol 2. 4595:March 21, 4585:683191430 4389:1461-4448 4253:cite book 4203:0957-9656 4164:1936-4792 4017:1936-4792 3978:0307-4803 3864:March 21, 3815:Citations 3724:(213–210 3584:. Such a 3533:Reception 3490:chemistry 3466:parchment 3318:catalogue 3236:microform 3232:cassettes 3215:materials 3187:Libraries 3068:notebooks 2941:religions 2929:Religious 2923:blue book 2911:workbooks 2903:Lap books 2899:textbooks 2883:cookbooks 2856:Technical 2850:abstracts 2802:Reference 2751:novelette 2692:bookstore 2599:cassettes 2570:Audiobook 2410:Finishing 2276:paperback 2272:Hardcover 2198:engraving 2123:Book size 2079:body copy 2044:Left page 2019:Fore edge 1931:copyright 1865:Incunable 1803:Incunable 1765:East Asia 1662:parchment 1577:New World 1573:whitewash 1548:, in his 1471:Herodotus 1393:cuneiform 1336:chapbooks 1281:philology 1223:monograph 1211:pamphlets 1170:Aristotle 1154:parchment 1071:Bulgarian 1029:The word 1025:Etymology 988:reception 984:libraries 966:notebooks 913:that are 831:Narrative 816:Magazines 811:Sociology 802:criticism 772:Movements 731:Modernist 721:Classical 513:Narrative 349:adventure 293:Religious 263:Novelette 228:Anthology 183:narrative 133:audiobook 91:folk play 9522:PagePlus 9487:HelpNDoc 9459:Booktype 9334:FBReader 9309:(iBooks) 9284:Software 9265:SoftBook 8943:OpenAlex 8938:Paperity 8865:Preprint 8701:Chemical 8655:Pamphlet 8600:Abstract 8560:Journals 8430:projects 8344:Foodways 8304:Folk art 8299:Folklore 8197:Textiles 8047:Herbaria 8022:Feathers 7987:Aircraft 7845:Kintsugi 7669:Treasure 7291:Quilling 7271:Confetti 7255:Pamphlet 7240:Magazine 7188:Passbook 7173:Banknote 7152:Postcard 7142:Notebook 7099:Wet wipe 7033:Envelope 6989:products 6939:Slipcase 6866:Postface 6861:Colophon 6841:Glossary 6836:Endnotes 6814:Epilogue 6781:Sections 6768:Chapters 6740:Prologue 6720:Foreword 6710:Epigraph 6553:Typeface 6523:Ornament 6439:Footnote 6361:Category 6274:Dog ears 6190:Formats 6186:Grimoire 6179:textbook 6130:Pakistan 6077:literacy 6055:bookends 5974:tsundoku 5858:Printing 5722:The Book 5629:Archived 5625:50480180 5322:March 9, 5215:Archived 5139:Archived 5106:Archived 5073:Archived 5042:Archived 5037:Statista 5009:Archived 4970:"e-book" 4953:Archived 4925:Archived 4835:Archived 4704:Archived 4641:Archived 4589:Archived 4495:Archived 4437:July 25, 4431:Archived 4401:Archived 4397:39026072 4282:Archived 3914:Archived 3858:Archived 3770:See also 3745:Itzcoatl 3648:and the 3488:, paper 3374:Metadata 3346:software 3310:Bookland 3306:Barcodes 3224:Blu-rays 3072:logbooks 2962:churches 2917:. In US 2915:homework 2838:handbook 2711:archives 2539:e-reader 2529:e-reader 2286:Printing 2007:Endpaper 1897:internet 1895:and the 1881:linotype 1877:Monotype 1827:Bi Sheng 1761:textiles 1686:Sorbonne 1449:(London) 1389:Iron Age 1213:. Kovač 1044:Germanic 925:and the 826:Language 757:Glossary 726:Medieval 661:Libretto 590:Limerick 542:National 532:Dramatic 522:Children 451:Anecdote 434:Academic 374:military 195:Nonsense 96:folksong 76:Folklore 9710:Related 9557:Vendors 9464:Calibre 9434:AbiWord 9422:Editing 9374:Lucifox 9339:Foliate 9329:Calibre 9275:Tablets 9210:Bookeen 9192:Devices 9184:Reading 9150:CBR/CBZ 9132:Formats 8959:Imprint 8880:Erratum 8844:Sci-Hub 8791:h-index 8718:Chapter 8428:Notable 8132:Papyrus 8077:Judaica 7936:Frescos 7781:Methods 7732:Curator 7414:Archive 7072:Hygiene 6934:Pop-ups 6914:Endband 6725:Preface 6647:Marbled 6614:Leather 6599:Buckram 6496:Initial 6454:Scholia 6351:Outline 6311:Outline 6220:Related 6160:Genres 6110:Germany 6084:Reviews 6072:Reading 6062:Library 6010:history 5868:history 5863:edition 5841:Editing 5819:Binding 4550:7027090 4288:May 21, 3906:"codex" 3507:as the 3501:storage 3470:leather 3284:barcode 3207:Ephesus 3193:Library 3106:ledgers 3080:diaries 2974:prayers 2970:missals 2955:musical 2951:Hymnals 2889:books. 2818:almanac 2792:memoirs 2743:novella 2717:Fiction 2699:fiction 2621:Content 2583:schools 2551:tablets 2547:laptops 2391:bindery 2379:Binding 2280:galleys 2238:caliper 2202:etching 1927:authors 1775:woodcut 1682:Avignon 1593:paper. 1558:authors 1553:CLXXXIV 1546:Martial 1455:papyrus 1443:papyrus 1439:Hunefer 1245:History 1175:Physics 1108:bukvar' 1102:букварь 1093:Serbian 1089:Russian 1067:Russian 1055:cognate 1011:braille 970:diaries 946:fiction 903:writing 767:Writers 752:Outline 716:Ancient 707:History 693:Tragedy 570:Epigram 456:Epistle 439:history 399:western 384:romance 369:fantasy 334:Realist 320:Fiction 288:Parable 273:Drabble 258:Novella 242:romance 207:Ergodic 123:Oration 116:proverb 9685:Canada 9607:Google 9389:Okular 9364:Lector 9354:Kitabu 9301:Aldiko 9124:Ebooks 8928:Scopus 8908:AMiner 8691:Patent 8681:Thesis 8588:Papers 8097:Metals 8012:Clocks 7624:Museum 7614:Midden 7385:Topics 7183:Coupon 7132:Letter 7084:Napkin 7008:Carton 6856:Errata 6543:Rubric 6513:Margin 6481:Header 6476:Footer 6471:Column 6371:Portal 6284:scroll 6199:Ebooks 6174:pop-up 6105:France 6100:Brazil 6000:blurbs 5948:Awards 5836:Design 5824:Covers 5763: 5732: 5709: 5672: 5623: 5613: 5413: 5403: 5254: 5244: 5207: 5182: 5172: 4917: 4864: 4827: 4800: 4674:et al. 4633: 4583: 4573: 4548: 4538: 4487: 4460: 4395: 4387: 4336: 4311: 4201: 4162: 4114: 4078: 4015: 3976: 3920:May 9, 3734:Mongol 3593:work. 3586:review 3468:, and 3092:, and 3078:, and 2986:clergy 2723:poetry 2688:Novels 2611:poetry 2605:, and 2527:Kindle 2511:Ebooks 2434:retail 2204:, and 2188:(1887) 2143:octavo 2137:quarto 2067:layout 2057:Gutter 1979:Layout 1965:Design 1957:, and 1670:scribe 1666:vellum 1627:Virgil 1487:Hebrew 1479:Greece 1424:Scroll 1418:Scroll 1377:stylus 1361:Tablet 1319:, and 1317:Europe 1311:, the 1235:serial 1231:volume 1215:et al. 1207:UNESCO 1197:Andean 1193:quipus 1191:, and 1158:vellum 1120:bukvar 1114:буквар 1061:". In 986:. The 927:tablet 923:scroll 841:Estate 798:Theory 787:poetry 777:Cycles 688:Script 683:Satire 656:Comedy 605:Sonnet 600:Qasida 575:Ghazal 560:Ballad 481:Nature 471:Letter 404:horror 364:erotic 298:Wisdom 278:Sketch 233:Serial 173:Poetry 145:Saying 106:legend 9808:Books 9722:Books 9542:Sigil 9527:Pages 9502:LaTeX 9384:MuPDF 9369:Lektz 9030:Lists 8999:ORCID 8660:Essay 8595:Paper 7683:Roles 7659:Ruins 7564:Fonds 7300:Other 7228:Media 6986:Paper 6851:Index 6819:Outro 6777:Parts 6444:Gloss 6306:Novel 6289:codex 6204:Folio 6154:Other 6135:Spain 6120:Japan 6115:Italy 6027:Clubs 5805:Books 4393:S2CID 4183:Logos 3582:essay 3462:paper 3427:(UDC) 3416:(LCC) 3405:(DDC) 3394:(CLC) 3334:title 3282:with 2978:monks 2958:hymns 2872:atlas 2848:, or 2842:index 2830:atlas 2828:. An 2747:prose 2738:novel 2731:genre 2690:in a 2615:plays 2517:Ebook 2505:EPUB3 2494:DAISY 2486:fonts 2372:toner 2176:" in 2131:folio 2052:recto 2048:verso 2037:verso 2031:recto 2012:Cover 1829:made 1744:India 1693:pecia 1654:Latin 1631:capsa 1590:amatl 1569:amatl 1539:codex 1525:bound 1517:codex 1503:Codex 1497:Codex 1412:codex 1309:China 1156:, or 1150:paper 1130:codex 1111:) or 1084:bukva 1079:буква 1065:like 1059:beech 1048:* 1046:root 944:into 938:ebook 919:cover 915:bound 911:pages 907:codex 762:Books 676:moral 636:Poets 618:Lists 580:Haiku 565:Elegy 551:Lyric 461:Essay 359:crime 344:Genre 238:Novel 200:verse 190:Prose 178:lyric 161:Drama 81:fable 9772:OPDS 9359:Kobo 9319:Blio 9230:iPad 9140:ePub 8918:CORE 8913:BASE 8708:Book 8027:Film 7424:Book 7376:and 7317:Form 7235:Book 6558:Font 6423:and 6301:ISBN 6242:Nazi 6015:used 5958:list 5912:Size 5761:ISBN 5730:ISBN 5707:ISBN 5690:link 5670:ISBN 5637:2023 5621:OCLC 5611:ISBN 5585:2022 5554:2022 5523:2022 5480:2019 5454:2019 5429:link 5411:OCLC 5401:ISBN 5382:2011 5351:2011 5324:2020 5282:2014 5252:OCLC 5242:ISBN 5223:2020 5205:ISBN 5180:OCLC 5170:ISBN 5147:2008 5114:2023 5081:2021 5069:CNBC 5050:2023 5017:2022 4986:2010 4933:2020 4915:ISBN 4894:2024 4862:ISBN 4843:2016 4825:ISBN 4798:ISBN 4777:2024 4752:2024 4712:2020 4649:2020 4631:ISBN 4597:2023 4581:OCLC 4571:ISBN 4546:OCLC 4536:ISBN 4503:2020 4485:ISBN 4458:ISBN 4439:2018 4409:2015 4385:ISSN 4334:ISBN 4309:ISBN 4290:2021 4259:link 4199:ISSN 4160:ISSN 4125:2024 4112:ISBN 4076:ISBN 4043:2024 4013:ISSN 3974:ISSN 3922:2022 3892:2016 3866:2023 3836:2024 3601:and 3456:The 3388:(BC) 3344:and 3338:DVDs 3330:NISO 3326:ANSI 3280:ISBN 3220:DVDs 3201:The 3181:ISBN 2982:nuns 2945:laws 2885:and 2834:maps 2790:and 2736:The 2729:and 2701:and 2613:and 2585:and 2553:and 2252:and 2228:, a 2152:page 2148:leaf 2117:Size 2108:ISBN 2073:, a 2022:Tail 2016:Head 2003:Flap 1879:and 1801:and 1785:and 1740:Bagh 1583:and 1369:and 1295:and 1166:book 1162:book 1095:and 1057:to " 1050:bōk- 1031:book 972:and 895:book 836:Feud 800:and 666:Play 626:Epic 585:Hymn 527:Epic 476:Life 111:myth 32:The 9175:IBA 9165:PDF 7214:Mat 7003:Box 5753:doi 5662:doi 4375:hdl 4367:doi 4191:doi 4152:doi 4104:doi 4068:doi 4005:doi 3966:doi 3962:115 3743:by 3726:BCE 3671:by 3656:'s 3303:EAN 3228:CDs 3205:in 3146:by 3013:by 2968:or 2870:An 2816:An 2763:or 2709:or 2651:by 2501:XML 2316:by 2081:or 1903:. " 1852:or 1664:or 1625:of 1437:of 1237:or 1172:'s 1039:bōc 595:Ode 9804:: 5759:. 5751:. 5747:. 5728:. 5705:. 5701:. 5686:}} 5682:{{ 5668:. 5660:. 5627:. 5619:. 5571:. 5540:. 5509:. 5471:. 5445:. 5425:}} 5421:{{ 5409:. 5368:. 5341:. 5314:. 5250:. 5213:. 5178:. 5137:. 5131:. 5104:. 5100:. 5071:. 5067:. 5040:. 5034:. 5007:. 5003:. 4972:. 4951:. 4923:. 4885:. 4833:. 4768:. 4740:. 4702:. 4698:. 4680:, 4639:. 4587:. 4579:. 4544:. 4493:. 4429:. 4425:. 4399:. 4391:. 4383:. 4373:. 4363:18 4361:. 4357:. 4276:. 4255:}} 4251:{{ 4197:. 4187:19 4185:. 4181:. 4158:. 4148:35 4146:. 4142:. 4110:. 4098:. 4074:. 4066:. 4033:. 4011:. 4001:35 3999:. 3995:. 3972:. 3960:. 3956:. 3945:^ 3930:^ 3912:. 3908:. 3856:. 3852:. 3644:, 3611:, 3565:A 3484:, 3464:, 3372:. 3348:. 3340:, 3242:. 3230:, 3226:, 3222:, 3088:, 3074:, 3070:, 3033:. 2988:. 2980:, 2964:. 2925:. 2733:. 2713:. 2601:, 2578:. 2557:. 2549:, 2545:, 2525:A 2481:. 2359:A 2248:, 2244:, 2200:, 1953:, 1949:, 1945:, 1856:. 1835:c. 1648:, 1403:. 1315:, 1291:, 1287:, 1283:, 1279:, 1275:, 1271:, 1241:. 1152:, 1091:, 1073:, 1069:, 1053:, 994:. 976:. 968:, 964:, 893:A 9116:e 9109:t 9102:v 9022:" 9018:" 8545:e 8538:t 8531:v 7366:e 7359:t 7352:v 6978:e 6971:t 6964:v 6405:e 6398:t 6391:v 5976:) 5972:( 5797:e 5790:t 5783:v 5769:. 5755:: 5738:. 5715:. 5692:) 5678:. 5664:: 5639:. 5587:. 5556:. 5525:. 5482:. 5456:. 5431:) 5417:. 5384:. 5353:. 5326:. 5301:. 5284:. 5258:. 5225:. 5186:. 5149:. 5116:. 5083:. 5052:. 5019:. 4988:. 4935:. 4896:. 4870:. 4845:. 4806:. 4779:. 4754:. 4714:. 4651:. 4599:. 4552:. 4505:. 4466:. 4441:. 4411:. 4377:: 4369:: 4342:. 4317:. 4261:) 4205:. 4193:: 4166:. 4154:: 4127:. 4106:: 4084:. 4070:: 4045:. 4019:. 4007:: 3980:. 3968:: 3924:. 3894:. 3868:. 3838:. 3689:. 3629:. 3561:. 3441:. 3328:/ 3169:) 3163:( 3158:) 3154:( 3140:. 3017:. 3001:. 2674:) 2668:( 2663:) 2659:( 2645:. 2402:" 2339:) 2333:( 2328:) 2324:( 2310:. 2046:( 2028:( 1637:. 1519:. 1117:( 1105:( 882:e 875:t 868:v 240:/ 23:.

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.