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Bosco Ntaganda

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292:, Rwanda, twice in 2011, in March and again in September, despite the travel ban imposed on him. Congolese authorities reported that on both occasions Ntaganda had gone there to attend a burial, having sought official authorization to do so from his military hierarchy and from immigration authorities. Rwandan officials said that they have no objections to Ntaganda crossing the border. They claim that his status as a sanctioned individual "is not a Rwandan problem, but a Democratic Republic of the Congo problem", adding that "Bosco contributes to peace and security to the region, which converges with Rwanda's aims". 414:
On 8 March 2021 the ICC ruled that Ntaganda's victims should be compensated with USD $ 30 million, the highest amount ever awarded. Since Ntaganda does not have the money to pay, the Court will use its own funds to compensate victims. Ntaganda subsequently appealed his conviction. On March 30, 2021,
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and (*) indicate that a person was convicted by the ICC and that the conviction remains valid; a name in (parentheses) indicates that charges were dropped or a conviction was overturned; † indicates a person deceased before or during trial; (x) after a name indicates that the case was closed by the
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of enlisting and conscripting children under the age of fifteen and using them to participate actively in hostilities. The arrest warrant was originally issued under seal because the court decided that "public knowledge of the proceedings in this case might result in Bosco Ntaganda hiding, fleeing,
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Ntaganda's trial at the ICC began on 3 September 2015. He pleaded not guilty to eighteen charges brought against him, including rape, murder, recruitment of child soldiers and sexual slavery of civilians. The trial was expected to last many months with the prosecution calling eighty witnesses,
152:, a military group based in eastern areas of the DRC. On 18 March 2013, Ntaganda voluntarily handed himself in to the U.S. Embassy in Rwanda, asking to be transferred to the ICC. On 22 March, he was taken into custody by the ICC. On 8 July 2019, the ICC convicted him of 844: 224:(UPC), and became its chief of military operations. During this time, he is alleged to have been involved in numerous massacres and other serious human rights abuses. When Ntaganda was in charge of the UPC, he told child soldiers; " 410:
On 8 July 2019 he was convicted on all 18 counts and on 7 November 2019 was sentenced to 30 years in prison, the longest sentence ever handed down by the ICC. He is the first person to be convicted of sexual slavery by the ICC.
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of enlisting and conscripting children under the age of fifteen and using them to participate actively in hostilities. Prior to his surrender, Ntaganda had been allegedly involved in the rebel group
394:. On 22 March, he was detained by the ICC. He made his first appearance before the ICC on 26 March. At his first appearance before the ICC in the Hague on 26 March 2013, Ntaganda denied his guilt. 300: 374:. Though the reasons for his surrender are unknown it was speculated that he was either pressured to do so by Rwanda or feared infighting within the M23 movement and its military leader 1853: 1843: 193: 84:
Found guilty of all charges on 8 July 2019, sentenced to 30 years in prison on 7 November 2019. Ordered to pay $ 30 million to victims on 8 March 2021, lost appeal on 30 March 2021.
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and/or obstructing or endangering the investigations or the proceedings of the Court". In April 2008, the court ruled that circumstances had changed and unsealed the warrant.
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On 22 August 2006, a Pre-Trial Chamber of the ICC found that there were reasonable grounds to believe that Ntaganda bore individual criminal responsibility for
1764: 1529: 311:, Ntaganda gained large revenues from taxation levied by "parallel" mine police. Ntaganda ordered his troops to intervene on behalf of Krall Metal Congo at 1720: 1478: 1644: 1583: 338:... Ntaganda and an estimated 200 fighters fled into the forest while hundreds of others crossed the border into Rwanda," including "about 300 uniformed 1686: 383: 1192: 1348: 271: 236: 263: 110: 680: 780:
Security Council Committee established pursuant to Resolution 1533 (2004) concerning the Democratic Republic of the Congo (7 November 2007).
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On 4 April 2012, it was reported that Ntaganda and 300 loyal troops defected from the DRC and clashed with government forces in the
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List of individuals and entities subject to the measures imposed by paragraphs 13 and 15 of Security Council Resolution 1596 (2005)
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committed by the FPLC between July 2002 and December 2003, and issued a warrant for his arrest. He was charged with the
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Surrendered to the U.S Embassy on 18 March 2013. Transferred to ICC custody on 22 March 2013, currently incarcerated.
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thirteen of them expert and the rest victims. Three of the witnesses were former child soldiers in Ntaganda's
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district of North Kivu, serving as the CNDP's chief of staff. The CNDP has since been incorporated into the
1508: 1251: 390:, the media speculated it would be forced to turn him over to the ICC. The U.S. also had listed him on its 367: 176:. When he was a teenager, Ntaganda fled to Ngungu-Masisi in eastern DRC after attacks on his fellow ethnic 141: 1401: 391: 221: 134: 1091: 886: 434: 379: 299:
group of experts reported in late 2011 that Ntaganda controlled the Mungwe and Fungamwaka mines, near
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UCLA Law Students Locate Compound of Congolese Militia Leader Wanted by International Criminal Court
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According to DRC authorities, General Bosco Ntaganda had "crossed from Goma to the town of
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Clover, Jenny; Blair, Edmund; Lough, Richard (20 March 2013). Williams, Alison (ed.).
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press release International Criminal Court, 29 April 2008. Retrieved on 9 October 2011
184:. He attended secondary school there but did not graduate; at the age of 17 he joined 1383: 761: 169: 149: 1772: 1663: 1613: 1547: 1542: 1228: 1149: 1003: 959: 629: 491: 424: 213: 173: 1777: 1652: 1430: 1389: 1317: 1210: 930: 698: 586: 468: 429: 375: 331: 232: 1356: 1787: 1746: 1599: 1568: 1537: 1498: 1493: 1406: 1167: 296: 275: 259: 244: 1812: 1792: 1739: 1733: 1694: 1669: 1573: 860:"Congo conflict: 'The Terminator' lives in luxury while peacekeepers look on" 339: 327: 285:
in the DRC, on Avenue des Tulipiés, about 100 yards from the Rwandan border.
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as part of a peace process, but he refused the offer. On 1 November 2005, a
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the ICC Appeals Chamber rejected his appeal and confirmed the conviction.
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On 18 March 2013, Ntaganda handed himself in to the U.S. embassy in
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When you're a soldier, you get a woman for free. Everything is free
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Mother Jones, September/October 2011. Retrieved on 14 March 2012
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and allegedly a former Deputy Chief of the General Staff of the
1120: 724:"Congo warlord denies guilt in first appearance at Hague court" 363: 312: 267: 189: 181: 165: 266:(CNDP). As of April 2008, he was believed to be living in the 1229:"Bosco Ntaganda sentenced to 30 years for crimes in DR Congo" 887:
I Can Find an Indicted Warlord. So Why isn't He in The Hague?
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Congo Warlord Denies Guilt in First Appearance at Hague Court
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People publicly indicted in the International Criminal Court
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In 2006, following conflicts within the UPC, he returned to
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in the early 1990s and participated in the overthrow of the
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Rwandan emigrants to the Democratic Republic of the Congo
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Democratic Republic of the Congo people imprisoned abroad
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War crimes (13 counts) Crimes against humanity (5 counts)
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In January 2005, Ntaganda was offered a position as a
1304:"Bosco Ntaganda on Interpol's list of wanted persons" 307:, through his alliance with Colonel Saddam Ringo. At 1874:
People convicted by the International Criminal Court
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21st-century Democratic Republic of the Congo people
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ICC because of a national-level trial of the accused
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Democratic Republic of the Congo military personnel
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People detained by the International Criminal Court
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On 16 March 2013, 1810: 1020: 996: 825:Congo rebels demand proof of ICC suspect's guilt 699:"'Terminator' gets 30 years for DR Congo crimes" 670: 237:Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of Congo 657: 648: 264:National Congress for the Defense of the People 111:National Congress for the Defense of the People 346:Indictment by the International Criminal Court 278:in the army, despite being wanted by the ICC. 212:-led Rwandan government in 1994 following the 1342: 752: 366:, Rwanda, where he requested transfer to the 334:'s forces "seized control ... of the town of 281:In 2012, he was living openly in the city of 1249: 405:Patriotic Forces for the Liberation of Congo 218:Patriotic Forces for the Liberation of Congo 131:Patriotic Forces for the Liberation of Congo 1299:— ICC records relating to the Ntaganda case 1349: 1335: 840: 838: 718: 716: 593:, 1 May 2008. Retrieved on 9 October 2011. 489: 504: 1250:van den Berg, Stephanie (8 March 2021). 1092:"DR Congo's Ntaganda appears before ICC" 622: 168:, situated in the foothills of Rwanda's 835: 713: 565:DR Congo: Suspected War Criminal Wanted 164:Ntaganda was born in the small town of 140:Until March 2013, he was wanted by the 1811: 1166: 1071: 919:UN Group of Experts, S/2011/738, p.150 816: 734:from the original on 24 September 2015 505:Gettleman, Jeffrey (25 January 2009). 101:(born 5 November 1973) is a convicted 1330: 928: 591:Institute for War and Peace Reporting 555: 553: 551: 549: 547: 545: 485: 483: 481: 200:Rwandan and Congolese military career 1297:Case The Prosecutor v Bosco Ntaganda 1147: 774: 125:(DRC). He is a former member of the 799:from the original on 16 August 2014 571: 243:committee imposed a travel ban and 13: 542: 478: 14: 1885: 1288: 1048:"The surrender of Bosco Ntaganda" 978:"Defeated Congo rebels surrender" 517: 220:(FPLC), the military wing of the 133:(FPLC), the military wing of the 1422:Democratic Republic of the Congo 258:, his home province, and joined 123:Democratic Republic of the Congo 16:Congolese war criminal and rebel 1270: 1243: 1221: 1203: 1190: 1184: 1160: 1141: 1127: 1109: 1084: 1065: 1040: 1014: 970: 952: 929:Gouby, Melanie (4 April 2012). 922: 913: 904: 892: 880: 852: 746: 691: 658:Ivana Kottasová (8 July 2019). 241:United Nations Security Council 1072:Corder, Mike (22 March 2013). 596: 498: 452: 326:. On 11 April 2012, president 272:regular Congolese armed forces 1: 1316:on 28 April 2012 – via 445: 274:and Ntaganda was acting as a 216:. He subsequently joined the 159: 760:. Amsterdam: De Bezige Bij. 368:International Criminal Court 192:. At some point he acquired 142:International Criminal Court 7: 1859:People of the M23 rebellion 1231:. BBC News. 7 November 2019 832:. Retrieved on 13 May 2008. 813:. Retrieved on 13 May 2008. 568:. Retrieved on 13 May 2008. 418: 222:Union of Congolese Patriots 135:Union of Congolese Patriots 10: 1890: 901:Retrieved on 14 March 2012 822:Bavier, Joe (9 May 2008). 490:Penny Dale (15 May 2012). 475:(26 Mar 2013 8:03 AM EDT). 435:Jean-Marie Runiga Lugerero 392:War Crimes Rewards Program 380:Jean-Marie Runiga Lugerero 1763: 1719: 1685: 1643: 1582: 1556: 1528: 1477: 1420: 1402:Patrice-Edouard NgaĂŻssona 1375: 1364: 467:24 September 2015 at the 204:Ntaganda fought with the 88: 80: 72: 62: 52: 30: 23: 1709:al-Hassan Ag Abdoul Aziz 1376:Central African Republic 579:Nkunda Faces ICC Dilemma 397: 247:on him for violating an 180:started taking place in 105:and the former military 1412:Mahamat Said Abdel Kani 758:Congo: een geschiedenis 186:Rwandan Patriotic Front 117:group operating in the 1701:Ahmad al-Faqi al-Mahdi 206:Rwandan Patriotic Army 170:Virunga mountain range 127:Rwandan Patriotic Army 1659:Saif al-Islam Gaddafi 1460:Mathieu Ngudjolo Chui 1447:Callixte Mbarushimana 194:Congolese citizenship 1453:Sylvestre Mudacumura 1439:Thomas Lubanga Dyilo 1170:(2 September 2015). 982:Reuters / Gulf Times 754:Van Reybrouck, David 342:loyal to Ntaganda." 1676:Mahmoud al-Werfalli 1509:Abdel Rahim Hussein 1123:. 2 September 2015. 1052:blogs.aljazeera.com 585:19 May 2019 at the 529:Trial International 188:rebels in southern 68:Jean Bosco Ntaganda 1783:Maria Lvova-Belova 1177:The New York Times 560:Human Rights Watch 511:The New York Times 1806: 1805: 1564:Charles BlĂ© GoudĂ© 1384:Jean-Pierre Bemba 1137:. Deutsche Welle. 1096:www.aljazeera.com 868:. 5 February 2010 730:. 26 March 2013. 701:. 7 November 2019 562:(29 April 2008). 150:March 23 Movement 113:(CNDP), an armed 96: 95: 1881: 1864:African warlords 1773:Valery Gerasimov 1664:Abdullah Senussi 1614:Francis Muthaura 1548:Hamlet Guchmazov 1543:Mikhail Mindzaev 1351: 1344: 1337: 1328: 1327: 1321: 1312:. 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Index

Congolese
war criminal
chief of staff
National Congress for the Defense of the People
militia
North Kivu
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Rwandan Patriotic Army
Patriotic Forces for the Liberation of Congo
Union of Congolese Patriots
International Criminal Court
war crimes
March 23 Movement
war crimes
Kinigi
Virunga mountain range
Musanze District
Tutsis
Rwanda
Rwandan Patriotic Front
Uganda
Congolese citizenship
Rwandan Patriotic Army
Hutu
Rwandan genocide
Patriotic Forces for the Liberation of Congo
Union of Congolese Patriots
general
Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of Congo
United Nations Security Council

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