292:, Rwanda, twice in 2011, in March and again in September, despite the travel ban imposed on him. Congolese authorities reported that on both occasions Ntaganda had gone there to attend a burial, having sought official authorization to do so from his military hierarchy and from immigration authorities. Rwandan officials said that they have no objections to Ntaganda crossing the border. They claim that his status as a sanctioned individual "is not a Rwandan problem, but a Democratic Republic of the Congo problem", adding that "Bosco contributes to peace and security to the region, which converges with Rwanda's aims".
414:
On 8 March 2021 the ICC ruled that
Ntaganda's victims should be compensated with USD $ 30 million, the highest amount ever awarded. Since Ntaganda does not have the money to pay, the Court will use its own funds to compensate victims. Ntaganda subsequently appealed his conviction. On March 30, 2021,
1369:
and (*) indicate that a person was convicted by the ICC and that the conviction remains valid; a name in (parentheses) indicates that charges were dropped or a conviction was overturned; †indicates a person deceased before or during trial; (x) after a name indicates that the case was closed by the
358:
of enlisting and conscripting children under the age of fifteen and using them to participate actively in hostilities. The arrest warrant was originally issued under seal because the court decided that "public knowledge of the proceedings in this case might result in Bosco
Ntaganda hiding, fleeing,
402:
Ntaganda's trial at the ICC began on 3 September 2015. He pleaded not guilty to eighteen charges brought against him, including rape, murder, recruitment of child soldiers and sexual slavery of civilians. The trial was expected to last many months with the prosecution calling eighty witnesses,
152:, a military group based in eastern areas of the DRC. On 18 March 2013, Ntaganda voluntarily handed himself in to the U.S. Embassy in Rwanda, asking to be transferred to the ICC. On 22 March, he was taken into custody by the ICC. On 8 July 2019, the ICC convicted him of
844:
224:(UPC), and became its chief of military operations. During this time, he is alleged to have been involved in numerous massacres and other serious human rights abuses. When Ntaganda was in charge of the UPC, he told child soldiers; "
410:
On 8 July 2019 he was convicted on all 18 counts and on 7 November 2019 was sentenced to 30 years in prison, the longest sentence ever handed down by the ICC. He is the first person to be convicted of sexual slavery by the ICC.
1296:
1421:
148:
of enlisting and conscripting children under the age of fifteen and using them to participate actively in hostilities. Prior to his surrender, Ntaganda had been allegedly involved in the rebel group
394:. On 22 March, he was detained by the ICC. He made his first appearance before the ICC on 26 March. At his first appearance before the ICC in the Hague on 26 March 2013, Ntaganda denied his guilt.
300:
374:. Though the reasons for his surrender are unknown it was speculated that he was either pressured to do so by Rwanda or feared infighting within the M23 movement and its military leader
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193:
84:
Found guilty of all charges on 8 July 2019, sentenced to 30 years in prison on 7 November 2019. Ordered to pay $ 30 million to victims on 8 March 2021, lost appeal on 30 March 2021.
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359:
and/or obstructing or endangering the investigations or the proceedings of the Court". In April 2008, the court ruled that circumstances had changed and unsealed the warrant.
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1828:
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603:
350:
On 22 August 2006, a Pre-Trial
Chamber of the ICC found that there were reasonable grounds to believe that Ntaganda bore individual criminal responsibility for
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1529:
311:, Ntaganda gained large revenues from taxation levied by "parallel" mine police. Ntaganda ordered his troops to intervene on behalf of Krall Metal Congo at
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338:... Ntaganda and an estimated 200 fighters fled into the forest while hundreds of others crossed the border into Rwanda," including "about 300 uniformed
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110:
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Security
Council Committee established pursuant to Resolution 1533 (2004) concerning the Democratic Republic of the Congo (7 November 2007).
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130:
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On 4 April 2012, it was reported that
Ntaganda and 300 loyal troops defected from the DRC and clashed with government forces in the
785:
List of individuals and entities subject to the measures imposed by paragraphs 13 and 15 of
Security Council Resolution 1596 (2005)
303:, through the Great Lakes Mining Company, managed by Edson Musabarura. Ntaganda also derived profits from mineral exploitation at
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committed by the FPLC between July 2002 and
December 2003, and issued a warrant for his arrest. He was charged with the
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659:
92:
Surrendered to the U.S Embassy on 18 March 2013. Transferred to ICC custody on 22 March 2013, currently incarcerated.
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723:
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386:, which was allegedly connected to Ntaganda, to flee the DRC into Rwanda. Though Rwanda was not a signatory to the
122:
56:
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240:
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thirteen of them expert and the rest victims. Three of the witnesses were former child soldiers in
Ntaganda's
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270:
district of North Kivu, serving as the CNDP's chief of staff. The CNDP has since been incorporated into the
1508:
1251:
390:, the media speculated it would be forced to turn him over to the ICC. The U.S. also had listed him on its
367:
176:. When he was a teenager, Ntaganda fled to Ngungu-Masisi in eastern DRC after attacks on his fellow ethnic
141:
1401:
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221:
134:
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886:
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379:
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group of experts reported in late 2011 that
Ntaganda controlled the Mungwe and Fungamwaka mines, near
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106:
899:
UCLA Law
Students Locate Compound of Congolese Militia Leader Wanted by International Criminal Court
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185:
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604:"Congo warlord called the 'Terminator' convicted of murder, rape and recruiting child soldiers"
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According to DRC authorities, General Bosco Ntaganda had "crossed from Goma to the town of
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559:
1021:
Clover, Jenny; Blair, Edmund; Lough, Richard (20 March 2013). Williams, Alison (ed.).
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press release International Criminal Court, 29 April 2008. Retrieved on 9 October 2011
184:. He attended secondary school there but did not graduate; at the age of 17 he joined
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860:"Congo conflict: 'The Terminator' lives in luxury while peacekeepers look on"
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in the DRC, on Avenue des Tulipiés, about 100 yards from the Rwandan border.
1252:"War crimes court orders record $ 30 million compensation for Congo victims"
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as part of a peace process, but he refused the offer. On 1 November 2005, a
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the ICC Appeals Chamber rejected his appeal and confirmed the conviction.
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156:. He was subsequently sentenced to 30 years for crimes against humanity.
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660:"Former DRC general known as 'the Terminator' convicted of war crimes"
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931:"Congo-Kinshasa: General Ntaganda and Loyalists Desert Armed Forces"
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On 18 March 2013, Ntaganda handed himself in to the U.S. embassy in
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1172:"War Crimes Trial Opens for Bosco Ntaganda, Congolese Rebel Leader"
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319:
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When you're a soldier, you get a woman for free. Everything is free
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345:
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114:
889:
Mother Jones, September/October 2011. Retrieved on 14 March 2012
681:"'The Terminator' rebel leader convicted of war crimes in Congo"
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and allegedly a former Deputy Chief of the General Staff of the
1120:
724:"Congo warlord denies guilt in first appearance at Hague court"
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312:
267:
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266:(CNDP). As of April 2008, he was believed to be living in the
1229:"Bosco Ntaganda sentenced to 30 years for crimes in DR Congo"
887:
I Can Find an Indicted Warlord. So Why isn't He in The Hague?
461:
Congo Warlord Denies Guilt in First Appearance at Hague Court
177:
1358:
People publicly indicted in the International Criminal Court
1135:"In The Hague, trial opens for Congo warlord Bosco Ntaganda"
254:
In 2006, following conflicts within the UPC, he returned to
208:
in the early 1990s and participated in the overthrow of the
323:
282:
209:
1211:"DR Congo's Bosco Ntaganda convicted of war crimes by ICC"
1150:"DR Congo's Bosco Ntaganda pleads not guilty at ICC trial"
1004:"Bosco Ntaganda: Wanted Congolese in US mission in Rwanda"
630:"DR Congo's Bosco Ntaganda convicted of war crimes by ICC"
1854:
Rwandan emigrants to the Democratic Republic of the Congo
1844:
Democratic Republic of the Congo people imprisoned abroad
1023:"U.S. working for swift transfer of Congo warlord to ICC"
76:
War crimes (13 counts) Crimes against humanity (5 counts)
1193:"Congolese warlord Bosco 'Terminator' Ntaganda on trial"
960:"Congo's 'Terminator': Kabila calls for Ntaganda arrest"
378:, which had recently militarily forced a faction around
199:
507:"With Leader Captured, Congo Rebel Force Is Dissolving"
231:
In January 2005, Ntaganda was offered a position as a
1304:"Bosco Ntaganda on Interpol's list of wanted persons"
307:, through his alliance with Colonel Saddam Ringo. At
1874:
People convicted by the International Criminal Court
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21st-century Democratic Republic of the Congo people
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ICC because of a national-level trial of the accused
492:"Profile: Bosco Ntaganda the Congolese 'Terminator'"
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Democratic Republic of the Congo military personnel
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People detained by the International Criminal Court
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673:
1074:"International court detains Rwandan-born warlord"
910:United Nations Group of Experts, S/2011/738, p.149
653:
651:
1117:"Trial of Congo war crimes suspect begins at ICC"
846:Warrant of Arrest against Bosco Ntaganda unsealed
330:called for Ntaganda's arrest. On 16 March 2013,
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825:Congo rebels demand proof of ICC suspect's guilt
699:"'Terminator' gets 30 years for DR Congo crimes"
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237:Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of Congo
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264:National Congress for the Defense of the People
111:National Congress for the Defense of the People
346:Indictment by the International Criminal Court
278:in the army, despite being wanted by the ICC.
212:-led Rwandan government in 1994 following the
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366:, Rwanda, where he requested transfer to the
334:'s forces "seized control ... of the town of
281:In 2012, he was living openly in the city of
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405:Patriotic Forces for the Liberation of Congo
218:Patriotic Forces for the Liberation of Congo
131:Patriotic Forces for the Liberation of Congo
1299:— ICC records relating to the Ntaganda case
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593:, 1 May 2008. Retrieved on 9 October 2011.
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1250:van den Berg, Stephanie (8 March 2021).
1092:"DR Congo's Ntaganda appears before ICC"
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168:, situated in the foothills of Rwanda's
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565:DR Congo: Suspected War Criminal Wanted
164:Ntaganda was born in the small town of
140:Until March 2013, he was wanted by the
1811:
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1071:
919:UN Group of Experts, S/2011/738, p.150
816:
734:from the original on 24 September 2015
505:Gettleman, Jeffrey (25 January 2009).
101:(born 5 November 1973) is a convicted
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591:Institute for War and Peace Reporting
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200:Rwandan and Congolese military career
1297:Case The Prosecutor v Bosco Ntaganda
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125:(DRC). He is a former member of the
799:from the original on 16 August 2014
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243:committee imposed a travel ban and
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14:
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1288:
1048:"The surrender of Bosco Ntaganda"
978:"Defeated Congo rebels surrender"
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220:(FPLC), the military wing of the
133:(FPLC), the military wing of the
1422:Democratic Republic of the Congo
258:, his home province, and joined
123:Democratic Republic of the Congo
16:Congolese war criminal and rebel
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658:Ivana Kottasová (8 July 2019).
241:United Nations Security Council
1072:Corder, Mike (22 March 2013).
596:
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326:. On 11 April 2012, president
272:regular Congolese armed forces
1:
1316:on 28 April 2012 – via
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274:and Ntaganda was acting as a
216:. He subsequently joined the
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760:. Amsterdam: De Bezige Bij.
368:International Criminal Court
192:. At some point he acquired
142:International Criminal Court
7:
1859:People of the M23 rebellion
1231:. BBC News. 7 November 2019
832:. Retrieved on 13 May 2008.
813:. Retrieved on 13 May 2008.
568:. Retrieved on 13 May 2008.
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222:Union of Congolese Patriots
135:Union of Congolese Patriots
10:
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901:Retrieved on 14 March 2012
822:Bavier, Joe (9 May 2008).
490:Penny Dale (15 May 2012).
475:(26 Mar 2013 8:03 AM EDT).
435:Jean-Marie Runiga Lugerero
392:War Crimes Rewards Program
380:Jean-Marie Runiga Lugerero
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467:24 September 2015 at the
204:Ntaganda fought with the
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1709:al-Hassan Ag Abdoul Aziz
1376:Central African Republic
579:Nkunda Faces ICC Dilemma
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247:on him for violating an
180:started taking place in
105:and the former military
1412:Mahamat Said Abdel Kani
758:Congo: een geschiedenis
186:Rwandan Patriotic Front
117:group operating in the
1701:Ahmad al-Faqi al-Mahdi
206:Rwandan Patriotic Army
170:Virunga mountain range
127:Rwandan Patriotic Army
1659:Saif al-Islam Gaddafi
1460:Mathieu Ngudjolo Chui
1447:Callixte Mbarushimana
194:Congolese citizenship
1453:Sylvestre Mudacumura
1439:Thomas Lubanga Dyilo
1170:(2 September 2015).
982:Reuters / Gulf Times
754:Van Reybrouck, David
342:loyal to Ntaganda."
1676:Mahmoud al-Werfalli
1509:Abdel Rahim Hussein
1123:. 2 September 2015.
1052:blogs.aljazeera.com
585:19 May 2019 at the
529:Trial International
188:rebels in southern
68:Jean Bosco Ntaganda
1783:Maria Lvova-Belova
1177:The New York Times
560:Human Rights Watch
511:The New York Times
1806:
1805:
1564:Charles Blé Goudé
1384:Jean-Pierre Bemba
1137:. Deutsche Welle.
1096:www.aljazeera.com
868:. 5 February 2010
730:. 26 March 2013.
701:. 7 November 2019
562:(29 April 2008).
150:March 23 Movement
113:(CNDP), an armed
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1773:Valery Gerasimov
1664:Abdullah Senussi
1614:Francis Muthaura
1548:Hamlet Guchmazov
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425:Bertrand Bisimwa
384:Baudouin Ngaruye
322:region north of
214:Rwandan genocide
174:Musanze District
121:province of the
81:Criminal penalty
73:Criminal charges
63:Other names
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1621:William Ruto
1607:Henry Kosgey
1593:Mohammed Ali
1504:Ahmed Haroun
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1396:Maxime Mokom
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245:asset freeze
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103:war criminal
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1824:1973 births
1729:Joseph Kony
1628:Joshua Sang
1557:Ivory Coast
1520:Ali Kushayb
1514:Saleh Jerbo
494:. BBC News.
53:Nationality
1813:Categories
1235:7 November
1197:Al Jazeera
1032:20 October
705:7 November
446:References
356:war crimes
352:war crimes
340:M23 rebels
256:North Kivu
160:Early life
154:war crimes
146:war crimes
119:North Kivu
37:1973-11-05
1750: (*)
1712: (*)
1704: (*)
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1442: (*)
1434: (*)
1258:. Reuters
1078:USA Today
939:RNW Media
935:AllAfrica
872:9 October
372:The Hague
57:Congolese
1309:Interpol
1215:BBC News
1154:BBC News
1008:BBC News
988:29 April
964:BBC News
794:Archived
756:(2011).
732:Archived
685:NBC News
634:BBC News
583:Archived
465:Archived
419:See also
407:(FPLC).
320:Rutshuru
305:Nyabibwe
1765:Ukraine
1530:Georgia
1367:Italics
1262:8 March
1027:Reuters
944:12 July
830:Reuters
803:28 June
738:30 June
728:Reuters
614:11 July
473:Reuters
336:Kibumba
290:Gisenyi
276:General
235:in the
233:general
172:in the
115:militia
109:of the
1721:Uganda
1121:JURIST
809:
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640:8 July
534:8 July
364:Kigali
313:Lueshe
309:Rubaya
268:Masisi
190:Uganda
182:Rwanda
178:Tutsis
166:Kinigi
1645:Libya
1584:Kenya
797:(PDF)
790:(PDF)
398:Trial
301:Numbi
1687:Mali
1264:2021
1237:2019
1103:2018
1059:2018
1034:2019
990:2014
946:2019
874:2011
805:2017
762:ISBN
740:2017
707:2019
642:2019
616:2019
536:2019
382:and
324:Goma
283:Goma
210:Hutu
31:Born
1666:(x)
664:CNN
370:in
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