1873:
854:. Stemming from his concerns with the baptism of the Bulgarians, Boris also complained to Nicholas about the abuses perpetrated by the Byzantine priests responsible for baptizing the Bulgarians and how he could go about correcting the consequences resulting from these abuses. The pope temporarily glossed over the controversial question of the autocephalous status desired by Boris for his church and sent a large group of missionaries to continue the conversion of Bulgaria in accordance with the western rite. Bulgaria's shift towards the Papacy infuriated Patriarch Photios, who wrote an encyclical to the eastern clergy in 867 in which he denounced the practices associated with the western rite and Rome's ecclesiastical intervention in Bulgaria. This occasioned the
57:
378:
578:
1125:
1137:
904:
803:
722:
1113:
1149:
1161:
994:
that it was brought by foreign priests, which, as a result, established external foreign policy. By breaking the power of the old cults, Boris reduced the influence of the boyars, who resisted the khan's authority. In the summer of 865 a group of Bulgar aristocrats (boyars) started an open revolt. Boris ruthlessly suppressed it and executed 52 boyars together with their entire families. Thus the
Christianization continued.
1101:
1867:
551:, was too weak to protect Rome and its much reduced citizenry and the city was not being ruled by any emperor. Thus, Charlemagne's assumption of the imperial title was not seen as an usurpation in the eyes of the Franks or Italians. It was, however, seen as such in Byzantium, but protests by Irene and her successor
190:
615:
Boris could not achieve any success, and both sides exchanged gifts and settled for peace. As a result of the military actions in 855, the peace between
Bulgaria and Eastern Francia was restored, and Rastislav was forced to fight against Louis alone. In the meantime, a conflict between the Byzantines
775:
Separate from diplomatic concerns, Boris was interested in converting himself and the
Bulgarians to Christianity to resolve the disunity within the Bulgarian society. When he ascended to the throne, the Bulgars and Slavs were separate elements within Boris' kingdom, the minority Bulgars constituting
993:
Conversion to
Christianity met great opposition among the Bulgarian elite. Some refused to become Christians while others apostatized after baptism and started a rebellion against Boris for forcing them to be baptized. Some people did not object necessarily to the Christian religion but to the fact
894:
Toward the end of his reign, Boris began to increase the number of native
Bulgarian clergy. Consequently, Boris began to send Bulgarians to Constantinople to obtain a monastic education and some of these Bulgarians returned to their homeland to serve as clergymen. In 885, Boris was presented with a
527:
under
Empress Irene, the result was not recognized by Charlemagne since no Frankish emissaries had been invited even though Charlemagne was by then ruling more than three provinces of the old Roman empire. While this improved relations with the Papacy, it did not prevent the outbreak of a war with
890:
The
Christianization of the Bulgarians as a result of Boris’ actions had profound effects not only on the religious belief system of the Bulgarians but also the structure of the Bulgarian government. Upon embracing Christianity, Boris took on the title of Knyaz and joined the community of nations
861:
To deliver his response to Boris’ questions, Pope
Nicholas I sent two bishops to Bulgaria: Paul of Populonia and Formosus of Porto. The Pope expected that these priests would execute their episcopal responsibilities to address Boris’ concerns, but did not intend for them to be elevated to the
759:
under
Emperor Michael III declared war on Boris and the Bulgars during a period of famine and natural disasters. Taken by surprise, Boris was forced to make peace with the Byzantines, promising to convert to Christianity according to the eastern rites, in exchange for peace and territorial
810:
After his baptism, the first major task that Boris undertook was the baptism of his subjects and for this task he appealed to
Byzantine priests between 864 and 866. At the same time Boris sought further instruction on how to lead a Christian lifestyle and society and how to set up an
1868:
Nikolov, A. Making a new basileus: the case of Symeon of Bulgaria (893–927) reconsidered. – In: Rome, Constantinople and Newly converted Europe. Archeological and Historical Evidence. Vol. I. Ed. by M. Salamon, M. Wołoszyn, A. Musin, P. Špehar. Kraków-Leipzig-Rzeszów-Warszawa, 2012,
597:
to the southeast. The peace treaty was not signed, however, although both states exchanged temporary delegations. In 854 the Moravian Prince Rastislav persuaded Boris I to help him against East Francia. According to some sources, some Franks bribed the Bulgarian monarch to attack
1874:Николов, А., Факти и догадки за събора през 893 година. – В: България в световното културно наследство. Материали от Третата национална конференция по история, археология и културен туризъм "Пътуване към България" - Шумен, 17–19. 05. 2012 г. Съст. Т. Тодоров. Шумен, 2014, 229–237
866:) met with success, until the pope rejected Boris' request to nominate Formosus as archbishop of Bulgaria. Nicholas justified the rejection of the request by arguing that it was “uncanonical to transfer an already established bishop from one see to another”. The new
1267:Бакалов, Георги. Средновековният български владетел. (Титулатура и инсигнии), София 1995, с. 144, 146, Бобчев, С. С. Княз или цар Борис? (към историята на старобългарското право). Титлите на българските владетели, Българска сбирка, XIV, 5, 1907, с. 311
886:
and an archbishop of its own. Later in the 870s, the Patriarch of Constantinople surrendered Bulgaria to the Papacy, but this concession was purely nominal, as it did not affect the actual position of Bulgaria's autocephalous church.
1022:
in alliance with the Byzantines. After the passing of this crisis, Boris resumed monastic life and died in 907. The location of his retreat, where perhaps he was interred, is not certain; it may be near Preslav, or Pliska, or in a
954:. Clement later trained thousands of Slavonic-speaking priests who replaced the Greek-speaking clergy from Constantinople still present in Bulgaria. The script that was originally developed by Cyril and Methodius is known as the
737:
who had already converted while being at Constantinople. Another story mentions a Greek slave in the ruler's court. A more mythological version is the one in which Boris is astonished and frightened by an icon of
745:
For a variety of diplomatic reasons, Boris became interested in converting to Christianity. In order to both extend his control over the Slavic world and gain an ally against one of the most powerful foes of the
610:
against the Bulgarians. Both peoples had coexisted peacefully up to that time, suggesting that the Croats were paid by Louis to attack Bulgaria and distract Boris' attention from his alliance with Great Moravia.
776:
a military aristocracy. Richard Spence compares it to the relationship between the Normans and Saxons in England. Religious plurality further contributed to divisions within the society. The Slavs had their own
547:, the Pope was effectively nullifying the legitimacy of Irene. He certainly desired to increase the influence of the papacy and to honour his protector Charlemagne. Irene, like many of her predecessors since
784:, the Sky God, or God of Heaven. The arrival of Methodius and his followers introduced the Cyrillic alphabet, freeing the Bulgarians from dependence on Greek as a written and liturgical language. A Slavic
435:
In modern historiography Boris is called by different titles. Most historians accept that he changed his title after his conversion to Christianity. According to them, before the baptism he had the title
895:
new opportunity to establish a native clergy when Slavic-speaking disciples of St. Cyril and St. Methodius were forced to flee from Moravia after a German-inspired reaction to the death of the apostle.
754:
against Ratislav of Moravia. Through this alliance, Louis promised to supply Boris with missionaries, which would have effectively brought the Bulgars under the Roman Church. However, late in 863, the
428:
of Bulgaria", which is usually translated as "ruler", and in the 10-11th centuries also as "Knyaz" (Кнѧзъ, Bulg.). In the Bulgarian sources from that period, Boris I is called "Knyaz" and during the
1006:
attempted a pagan reaction, which brought Boris out of retirement in 893. Vladimir was defeated and Boris had him blinded, his wife shaved and sent to a monastery. Boris gathered the
878:
in 870 the position of the Bulgarian church was reopened by Bulgarian envoys, and the eastern patriarchs adjudicated in favor of Constantinople. This determined the future of the
519:. Irene went as far as to send an official to instruct the Frankish princess in Greek; however, Irene herself broke off the engagement in 787, against her son's wishes. When the
593:
to confirm the peace treaty of 845. At the time of his accession he threatened the Byzantines with an invasion, but his armies did not attack, and he received a small area in
2468:
346:
in Preslav and the Slavic literature. After he abdicated in 889, his eldest son and successor tried to restore the old pagan religion but was deposed by Boris I. During the
1285:Златарски, Васил (1994). „История на Българската държава през Средните векове, т.1, ч.2“, Второ фототипно издание, София: Академично издателство „Марин Дринов“, стр. 29.
1837:
Bulgarian historical review (2005), United Center for Research and Training in History, Published by Pub. House of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, v. 33: no. 1–4.
1014:, on the throne, threatening him with the same fate if he too apostatized. Boris returned to his monastery, emerging once again in c. 895 to help Simeon fight the
705:". An internal conflict among the Serbian brothers resulted in Mutimir banishing the two younger brothers to the Bulgarian court. Mutimir, however, kept a nephew,
1324:Златарски, Васил (1994). „История на Българската държава през Средните векове, т.1, ч.2“, Второ фототипно издание, София: Академично издателство „Марин Дринов“.
709:, at his court for political reasons. The reason for the feud is not known, though it is postulated that it was a result of treachery. Petar would later defeat
942:
Both Clement and Naum were instrumental in furthering the cultural, linguistic and spiritual works of Cyril and Methodius. They set up educational centers in
1250:
Peter B. Golden, Turks and Khazars: Origins, Institutions, and Interactions in Pre-Mongol Eurasia, Volume 952 of Collected studies, Ashgate/Variorum, 2010,
1024:
875:
689:
to the border to escort the prisoners, where they exchanged items as a sign of peace. Boris himself gave them "rich gifts", while he was given "two
1840:
Gjuzelev, V., (1988) Medieval Bulgaria, Byzantine Empire, Black Sea, Venice, Genoa (Centre culturel du monde byzantin). Published by Verlag Baier.
935:, who were of noble Bulgarian Slavic origin. To utilize the disciple's talents, Boris commissioned Clement to be a “teacher” in the province of
1572:
Sullivan, Richard E. (1994). "Khan Boris and the Conversion of Bulgaria: A case Study of the Impact of Christianity on a Barbarian Society".
569:, also fought against the Germans. Both states tried to maintain good relations with Bulgaria on account of its considerable military power.
1990:
350:
which followed that event, the Byzantine clergy was replaced with Bulgarian, and the Greek language was replaced with what is now known as
2473:
985:
and states. The introduction of Slavic liturgy paralleled Boris' continued development of churches and monasteries throughout his realm.
673:, the son of Boris I, invaded Serbia, with the aim of replacing the Byzantine overlordship over the Serbs. The Serbian army was led by
316:
1302:
764:(he regained the region of Zagora recently recovered by the Byzantines). At the beginning of 864, Boris was secretly baptized at
2463:
1919:
1549:
733:
There are a number of versions as to why Boris converted to Christianity. Some historians attribute it to the intervention of
2458:
816:
666:
307:
from 852 to 889. Despite a number of military setbacks, the reign of Boris I was marked with significant events that shaped
1560:
768:
by an embassy of Byzantine clergymen, together with his family and select members of the Bulgarian nobility. With Emperor
607:
1793:
602:. The Bulgarian-Slav campaign was a disaster, and Louis scored a great victory and invaded Bulgaria. At the same time the
114:
669:, which resulted in a Serbian victory, and Boris sought to avenge that defeat. In 853 or 854, the Bulgarian army led by
2483:
1776:
366:
1858:
1751:
1696:
1648:
1614:
1581:
1329:
1290:
981:
was declared as the official language in the same year. In the following centuries this script was adopted by other
665:
circa 850, his state was divided between his sons. Vlastimir and Boris' father had fought against each other in the
1983:
742:
and thus decides to adopt Christianity. Richard B. Spence sees the decision as deliberate, practical, and politic.
2478:
2156:
916:
819:. Photios' answer proved less than satisfactory, and Boris sought to gain a more favorable settlement from the
2303:
1255:
883:
516:
369:
and in Synaxis of all venerable and holy Fathers of Bulgaria (movable holiday on the 2nd Sunday of Pentecost).
616:
and Bulgarians had started in 855–856, and Boris, distracted by his conflict with Louis, lost Philippopolis (
315:
in 864, paganism was abolished. A skillful diplomat, Boris I successfully exploited the conflict between the
2313:
1074:
1019:
862:
positions that they assumed in the Bulgar hierarchy. In Bulgaria, the activities of Bishop Formosus (later
797:
312:
1313:
2448:
2328:
2239:
1976:
734:
327:, thus dealing with the nobility's concerns about Byzantine interference in Bulgaria's internal affairs.
2488:
2353:
2338:
2323:
2136:
2131:
1999:
1091:
331:
138:
2343:
2278:
2170:
1844:
879:
656:
462:
324:
239:
170:
1512:Đekić, Đ. 2009, "Why did prince Mutimir keep Petar Gojnikovic?", Teme, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 683–688.
2427:
2398:
2333:
2318:
520:
284:
2417:
2412:
2387:
2348:
2209:
2195:
1204:"Orthodox Calendar. HOLY TRINITY RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH, a parish of the Patriarchate of Moscow"
943:
470:
429:
358:
17:
2250:
2244:
2007:
1047:
962:
304:
56:
1606:
1459:
2422:
2308:
2229:
1897:
1513:
1203:
947:
603:
362:
197:
62:
1598:
870:
refused Boris' request for a similar nomination of either Formosus or Deacon Marinus (later
686:
2283:
2204:
2116:
2106:
2101:
1960:
1011:
1003:
681:. Boris I and Mutimir agreed to peace (and perhaps an alliance), and Mutimir sent his sons
670:
566:
466:
402:
132:
126:
91:
791:
8:
2453:
2403:
2293:
2288:
2214:
2177:
2111:
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2086:
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2016:
1940:
1153:
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710:
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409:
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308:
160:
81:
1850:
The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century
1688:
1681:
1238:
1188:
2273:
2126:
2071:
2041:
2021:
1141:
1007:
533:
390:
347:
292:
249:
2298:
2219:
2184:
2121:
2061:
2056:
2046:
2036:
2026:
1950:
1901:
1854:
1772:
1747:
1692:
1644:
1610:
1599:
1577:
1556:
1325:
1286:
1251:
1043:
847:
785:
674:
540:
489:
223:
150:
121:
2380:
2147:
2051:
1105:
966:
928:
834:
at Rome in August 866, and obtained 106 detailed answers, detailing the essence of
827:
777:
756:
751:
726:
599:
264:
1744:
Diplomacy of the Letter and the Cross. Photios, Bulgaria and the Papacy, 860s–880s
1189:Ὁ Ἅγιος Βόρις – Μιχαὴλ ὁ Ἱσαπόστολος ὁ πρίγκιπας καὶ Φωτιστῆς τοῦ Βουλγαρικοῦ λαοῦ
874:), after which Bulgaria began to shift towards Constantinople once again. At the
2262:
2234:
1879:
1848:
1129:
1117:
1062:
1028:
974:
970:
932:
831:
706:
621:
590:
492:
478:
421:
394:
343:
1237:Д-р Зоя Барболова - Имена със значение вълк в българската антропонимна система.
2364:
2256:
1887:
1883:
1359:
Pertz, Mon. Germ. SS, I, p. 367: legationes Bulgarorum Sclavorumque et absolvit
1039:
982:
871:
867:
858:, which was a major step in the rift between the eastern and western churches.
855:
641:
633:
625:
504:
474:
377:
898:
677:
and his two brothers; they defeated the Bulgarians, capturing Vladimir and 12
2442:
1814:
1165:
936:
920:
863:
812:
739:
562:
335:
31:
2224:
2163:
1226:
1136:
1002:
In 889 Boris abdicated the throne and became a monk. His son and successor
552:
544:
461:
The early 9th century marked the beginning of a fierce rivalry between the
437:
398:
259:
230:
1905:
1664:
Antonova, Stamenka E. (2011). "Bulgaria, Patriarchal Orthodox Church of".
1124:
2268:
769:
716:
637:
548:
512:
339:
1227:Проф. Веселин Бешевлиев (Издателство на Отечествения фронт, София 1981)
903:
891:
that embraced Christ, to the great delight of the Eastern Roman Empire.
882:, which was granted the status of an autocephalous archbishopric by the
802:
558:
1058:
1051:
792:
Baptism of the Bulgarians and the establishment of the Bulgarian Church
721:
612:
441:
189:
2031:
1968:
1601:
The Early Slavs: Culture and Society in Early Medieval Eastern Europe
629:
594:
973:
created (or rather compiled) the new Bulgarian script, later called
1554:, Vol.2, (Frank Northen Magill, Alison Aves, eds.), Routledge, 1998
912:
843:
835:
750:, the Byzantine Empire, Boris sought to establish an alliance with
338:, Boris I gave them refuge and provided assistance which saved the
1470:
F. Raçki, Documenta historiae Chroatie etc., Zagreb, 1877, p. 359.
1386:В. Розен, Император Василий Болгаробойца, Петроград, 1883, стр. 14
1276:Бакалов, Георги. Средновековният български владетел..., с. 144–146
2373:
2066:
1148:
1015:
951:
907:
Knyaz Boris I meeting the disciples of Saints Cyril and Methodius
772:
as his godfather, Boris also adopted the Christian name Michael.
747:
690:
617:
508:
417:
145:
104:
1924:
1893:
924:
824:
781:
765:
761:
694:
678:
644:
529:
500:
425:
413:
405:. He is sometimes called Boris-Michael in historical research.
1422:
Const. Porphyr., De admin, imp., ed. Bon, cap. 31, p. 150–151
851:
445:
382:
300:
46:
408:
The only direct evidence of Boris's title are his seals and
2076:
899:
Changes to Bulgarian culture brought on by Clement and Naum
820:
482:
320:
1341:К. Грот, Моравия и Мадяры, Петроград, 1881, стр. 108 и сл.
839:
702:
698:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1521:
806:
Depiction in the Manases Chronicle of Boris I' baptism.
1728:
1726:
1574:
Christian Missionary Activity in the Early Middle Ages
717:
Motivations for baptism and conversion to Christianity
1089:
561:
managed to unite some Slavic princes and established
1518:
988:
456:
1723:
1413:К. Грот, Известия о сербах и хорватах, стр. 125–127
950:to further the development of Slavonic letters and
1710:
1708:
1680:
1377:В. Н. Златарски, Известия за българите, стр. 65–68
30:"Boris I" redirects here. Not to be confused with
1769:The Concise Encyclopedia of Orthodox Christianity
1666:The Encyclopedia of Eastern Orthodox Christianity
1440:Bulgarian historical review, v.33: no. 1–4, p. 9.
977:that was declared the official alphabet in 893.
361:, as the Prince and baptizer of Bulgaria, and as
2469:Bulgarian people of the Byzantine–Bulgarian Wars
2440:
927:. Boris happily greeted two of these disciples,
397:origin. After his official act of conversion to
1705:
539:When Charlemagne was proclaimed Emperor of the
713:, Mutimir's son, and take the Serbian throne.
1984:
1925:The Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople
1830:Yordan Andreev, Ivan Lazarov, Plamen Pavlov,
1641:Biographical Dictionary of Christian Missions
1404:Migne, Patrol. gr., t. 126, cap. 34, col. 197
503:. She negotiated a marriage between her son,
495:began to seek a closer relationship with the
424:. There he is called by the Byzantine title "
1479:П. Шафарик, Славян. древн., II, 1, стр. 289.
1853:. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
1767:McGuckin, John Anthony (February 3, 2014).
1550:Spence, Richard B., "Boris I of Bulgaria",
1488:Const. Porphyr., ibid., cap. 32, p. 154-155
923:into Bulgaria and sent them on to Boris in
1991:
1977:
1683:Saints and Sinners: A History of the Popes
1643:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 80.
823:. Boris dispatched emissaries led by the
589:of Bulgaria. In 852 he sent emissaries to
342:and later promoted the development of the
188:
55:
1741:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1878:
1766:
1746:. A.M. Hakkert, Amsterdam. p. 434.
1663:
1657:
1638:
1571:
1565:
1450:
1448:
1446:
902:
801:
720:
576:
376:
1889:A History of the First Bulgarian Empire
1714:
1596:
1590:
1508:
1506:
788:developed that helped unify the realm.
14:
2441:
1998:
1791:
1785:
1536:
997:
1972:
1719:. New York: Random House. p. 74.
1678:
1605:. Cornell University Press. pp.
1443:
585:Boris I was the son and successor of
572:
465:, which would ultimately lead to the
1843:
1503:
815:church from the Byzantine Patriarch
1832:Koy koy e v srednovekovna Balgariya
1815:"V. Zlatarski - Istorija 1 B - 3.2"
1792:Civita, Michael J. L. (July 2011).
1491:
780:while the Bulgar elite believed in
401:, Boris adopted the Christian name
389:The most common theory is that the
281:Saint Boris I (Mihail) the Baptizer
24:
2474:Christianity in medieval Macedonia
1057:Boris I's life is featured in the
1054:is named for Boris I of Bulgaria.
372:
299:; died 2 May 907), was the ruler (
25:
2500:
1794:"The Orthodox Church of Bulgaria"
1687:. Yale University Press. p.
989:Reactions to religious conversion
830:with a long list of questions to
457:Central Europe in the 9th century
365:, with his feast day observed on
357:He is regarded as a saint in the
27:Knyaz of Bulgaria from 852 to 889
1350:Rudolfi Fulden. annales, an. 852
1159:
1147:
1135:
1123:
1111:
1099:
876:Fourth Council of Constantinople
667:Bulgarian-Serbian War of 839–842
1807:
1771:. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 68.
1760:
1735:
1672:
1632:
1623:
1482:
1473:
1464:
1434:
1425:
1416:
1407:
1398:
1389:
1380:
1371:
1362:
1353:
1344:
1335:
1318:
1307:
1239:LiterNet, 30.04.2013, № 4 (161)
917:Saint Cyril and Saint Methodius
311:and European history. With the
2464:9th-century Bulgarian monarchs
1395:Dümmler, каз. съч., I, стр. 38
1296:
1279:
1270:
1261:
1244:
1231:
1220:
1196:
1178:
884:Patriarchate of Constantinople
581:Bulgaria under rule of Boris I
325:autocephalous Bulgarian Church
317:Patriarchate of Constantinople
13:
1:
1824:
1715:Norwich, John Julius (2011).
1552:Dictionary of World Biography
1303:12 мита в българската история
330:When in 885 the disciples of
2459:9th-century Christian saints
1913:
1639:Anderson, Gerald H. (1999).
1368:Genesios, ed. Bon., p. 85–86
1193:2 Μαΐου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.
1172:
1075:Christianization of Bulgaria
1010:placing his third son, Tsar
798:Christianization of Bulgaria
313:Christianization of Bulgaria
7:
1920:Bulgarian history – Boris I
1742:Simeonova, Liliana (1998).
1208:www.holytrinityorthodox.com
1068:
624:, and the ports around the
10:
2505:
1456:The Early Medieval Balkans
915:welcomed the disciples of
911:In 886 Boris' governor of
795:
778:polytheistic belief system
654:
528:the Franks, who took over
332:Saints Cyril and Methodius
29:
2484:Medieval Bulgarian saints
2397:
2362:
2194:
2145:
2006:
1957:
1948:
1937:
1932:
1668:. Wiley-Blackwell: 78–93.
1597:Barford, Paul M. (2001).
1034:
880:Bulgarian Orthodox Church
650:
463:Greek East and Latin West
296:
288:
258:
248:
240:Bulgarian Orthodox Church
229:
219:
211:
203:
196:
187:
180:
171:Chalcedonian Christianity
166:
156:
144:
120:
110:
97:
87:
77:
69:
54:
44:
39:
1314:Страница за прабългарите
661:After the death of Knez
523:of 787 reintroduced the
521:Second Council of Nicaea
451:
1717:A History of the Papacy
919:, who were exiled from
565:in 833. His successor,
430:Second Bulgarian Empire
412:found near the town of
289:Борисъ / Борисъ-Михаилъ
2479:Christian royal saints
1898:George Bell & Sons
1048:South Shetland Islands
908:
807:
730:
582:
386:
381:Coin of Boris-Mihail.
305:First Bulgarian Empire
297:Борис I / Борис-Михаил
2401:(1878–1908) and
1679:Duffy, Eamon (2006).
1533:Anderson, 1999, p. 80
906:
805:
729:of Boris I's baptism.
724:
657:Bulgar–Serb War (853)
580:
555:had no great effect.
488:As early as 781, the
380:
363:Equal-to-the-Apostles
198:Equal to the Apostles
63:Equal-to-the-Apostles
61:Saint-Knyaz Boris I,
1845:Fine, John V. A. Jr.
1576:. Variorum: 55–139.
1061:(Борис Първи), with
1012:Simeon I of Bulgaria
385:, struck in 852–889.
2363:Rebels against the
2146:Rebels against the
1732:Duffy, 2006, p. 103
1085:Glagolitic alphabet
1080:Cyril and Methodius
1065:in the title role.
1059:1985 film "Boris I"
998:End of Boris' reign
956:Glagolitic alphabet
663:Vlastimir of Serbia
525:veneration of icons
497:Carolingian dynasty
352:Old Church Slavonic
334:were banished from
2449:9th-century births
2304:Theodore Svetoslav
2000:Bulgarian monarchs
1008:Council of Preslav
909:
808:
731:
583:
573:Military campaigns
515:by his third wife
387:
348:Council of Preslav
2436:
2435:
2406:(1908–1946)
2257:Constantine I Tih
2198:(1185–1422)
2185:Constantine Bodin
1967:
1966:
1958:Succeeded by
1951:Knyaz of Bulgaria
1945:
1629:Fine, pp. 118–119
1044:Livingston Island
786:Christian culture
725:Depiction in the
620:), the region of
541:Holy Roman Empire
444:, and after that
270:
269:
224:Eastern Orthodoxy
220:Venerated in
176:
175:
103:A monastery near
16:(Redirected from
2496:
2381:Ivan Shishman II
2314:Michael Asen III
2309:George Terter II
2010:(680–1018)
1993:
1986:
1979:
1970:
1969:
1943:
1938:Preceded by
1930:
1929:
1909:
1884:"The Two Eagles"
1880:Runciman, Steven
1864:
1819:
1818:
1811:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1789:
1783:
1782:
1764:
1758:
1757:
1739:
1733:
1730:
1721:
1720:
1712:
1703:
1702:
1686:
1676:
1670:
1669:
1661:
1655:
1654:
1636:
1630:
1627:
1621:
1620:
1604:
1594:
1588:
1587:
1569:
1563:
1547:
1534:
1531:
1516:
1510:
1501:
1495:
1489:
1486:
1480:
1477:
1471:
1468:
1462:
1452:
1441:
1438:
1432:
1431:Gjuzelev, p. 130
1429:
1423:
1420:
1414:
1411:
1405:
1402:
1396:
1393:
1387:
1384:
1378:
1375:
1369:
1366:
1360:
1357:
1351:
1348:
1342:
1339:
1333:
1322:
1316:
1311:
1305:
1300:
1294:
1283:
1277:
1274:
1268:
1265:
1259:
1248:
1242:
1235:
1229:
1224:
1218:
1217:
1215:
1214:
1200:
1194:
1186:
1182:
1164:
1163:
1162:
1152:
1151:
1140:
1139:
1128:
1127:
1116:
1115:
1114:
1104:
1103:
1102:
1095:
1020:invaded Bulgaria
967:Clement of Ohrid
929:Clement of Ohrid
757:Byzantine Empire
752:Louis the German
727:Madrid Skylitzes
600:Louis the German
511:, a daughter of
298:
290:
279:), venerated as
265:Bulgarian people
192:
178:
177:
59:
37:
36:
21:
2504:
2503:
2499:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2494:
2493:
2439:
2438:
2437:
2432:
2402:
2393:
2358:
2329:Michael Asen IV
2284:George Terter I
2269:Michael Asen II
2263:Jacob Svetoslav
2240:Kaliman Asen II
2190:
2141:
2002:
1997:
1963:
1954:
1946:
1916:
1861:
1827:
1822:
1813:
1812:
1808:
1798:
1796:
1790:
1786:
1779:
1765:
1761:
1754:
1740:
1736:
1731:
1724:
1713:
1706:
1699:
1677:
1673:
1662:
1658:
1651:
1637:
1633:
1628:
1624:
1617:
1595:
1591:
1584:
1570:
1566:
1561:978- 1579580414
1548:
1537:
1532:
1519:
1511:
1504:
1496:
1492:
1487:
1483:
1478:
1474:
1469:
1465:
1453:
1444:
1439:
1435:
1430:
1426:
1421:
1417:
1412:
1408:
1403:
1399:
1394:
1390:
1385:
1381:
1376:
1372:
1367:
1363:
1358:
1354:
1349:
1345:
1340:
1336:
1323:
1319:
1312:
1308:
1301:
1297:
1284:
1280:
1275:
1271:
1266:
1262:
1249:
1245:
1236:
1232:
1225:
1221:
1212:
1210:
1202:
1201:
1197:
1184:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1170:
1160:
1158:
1146:
1134:
1122:
1112:
1110:
1100:
1098:
1090:
1071:
1063:Stefan Danailov
1037:
1025:Ravna Monastery
1000:
991:
971:Naum of Preslav
933:Naum of Preslav
901:
832:Pope Nicholas I
800:
794:
760:concessions in
719:
671:Vladimir-Rasate
659:
653:
591:Eastern Francia
575:
479:Catholic Church
471:Orthodox Church
459:
454:
410:the inscription
375:
373:Name and titles
359:Orthodox Church
344:Cyrillic script
285:Church Slavonic
244:
183:
137:
135:
131:
129:
102:
65:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2502:
2492:
2491:
2489:Krum's dynasty
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2434:
2433:
2431:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2409:
2407:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2391:
2384:
2377:
2369:
2367:
2360:
2359:
2357:
2356:
2354:Constantine II
2351:
2346:
2341:
2339:Ivan Sratsimir
2336:
2331:
2326:
2324:Ivan Alexander
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2259:
2254:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2235:Michael Asen I
2232:
2230:Kaliman Asen I
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2201:
2199:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2188:
2181:
2174:
2167:
2160:
2152:
2150:
2143:
2142:
2140:
2139:
2137:Ivan Vladislav
2134:
2132:Gavril Radomir
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2013:
2011:
2004:
2003:
1996:
1995:
1988:
1981:
1973:
1965:
1964:
1959:
1956:
1955:852–889
1947:
1939:
1935:
1934:
1933:Regnal titles
1928:
1927:
1922:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1910:
1876:
1871:
1865:
1859:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1820:
1806:
1784:
1778:978-1118759332
1777:
1759:
1752:
1734:
1722:
1704:
1697:
1671:
1656:
1649:
1631:
1622:
1615:
1589:
1582:
1564:
1535:
1517:
1502:
1490:
1481:
1472:
1463:
1442:
1433:
1424:
1415:
1406:
1397:
1388:
1379:
1370:
1361:
1352:
1343:
1334:
1317:
1306:
1295:
1278:
1269:
1260:
1243:
1230:
1219:
1195:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1168:
1156:
1144:
1132:
1120:
1108:
1088:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1070:
1067:
1040:St. Boris Peak
1036:
1033:
999:
996:
990:
987:
983:Slavic peoples
900:
897:
872:Pope Marinus I
868:Pope Adrian II
856:Photian Schism
796:Main article:
793:
790:
718:
715:
655:Main article:
652:
649:
634:Byzantine army
626:Gulf of Burgas
574:
571:
475:Constantinople
458:
455:
453:
450:
374:
371:
268:
267:
262:
256:
255:
252:
246:
245:
243:
242:
235:
233:
227:
226:
221:
217:
216:
213:
209:
208:
205:
201:
200:
194:
193:
185:
184:
181:
174:
173:
168:
164:
163:
158:
154:
153:
151:Krum's dynasty
148:
142:
141:
124:
118:
117:
112:
108:
107:
99:
95:
94:
89:
85:
84:
79:
75:
74:
71:
67:
66:
60:
52:
51:
42:
41:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2501:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2400:
2396:
2390:
2389:
2385:
2383:
2382:
2378:
2376:
2375:
2371:
2370:
2368:
2366:
2361:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2344:Ivan Shishman
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2279:Ivan Asen III
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2264:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2252:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2196:Second Empire
2193:
2187:
2186:
2182:
2180:
2179:
2175:
2173:
2172:
2168:
2166:
2165:
2161:
2159:
2158:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2149:
2144:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1994:
1989:
1987:
1982:
1980:
1975:
1974:
1971:
1962:
1953:
1952:
1942:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1917:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1890:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1860:0-472-08149-7
1856:
1852:
1851:
1846:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1834:, Sofia 1999.
1833:
1829:
1828:
1816:
1810:
1795:
1788:
1780:
1774:
1770:
1763:
1755:
1753:90-256-0638-5
1749:
1745:
1738:
1729:
1727:
1718:
1711:
1709:
1700:
1698:0-300-11597-0
1694:
1690:
1685:
1684:
1675:
1667:
1660:
1652:
1650:0-8028-4680-7
1646:
1642:
1635:
1626:
1618:
1616:0-8014-3977-9
1612:
1608:
1603:
1602:
1593:
1585:
1583:0-86078-402-9
1579:
1575:
1568:
1562:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1515:
1509:
1507:
1499:
1494:
1485:
1476:
1467:
1461:
1457:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1437:
1428:
1419:
1410:
1401:
1392:
1383:
1374:
1365:
1356:
1347:
1338:
1331:
1330:954-430-299-9
1327:
1321:
1315:
1310:
1304:
1299:
1292:
1291:954-430-299-9
1288:
1282:
1273:
1264:
1257:
1253:
1247:
1240:
1234:
1228:
1223:
1209:
1205:
1199:
1192:
1190:
1181:
1177:
1167:
1157:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1119:
1109:
1107:
1097:
1096:
1093:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1066:
1064:
1060:
1055:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1032:
1030:
1026:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
995:
986:
984:
980:
979:Old Bulgarian
976:
972:
968:
964:
959:
957:
953:
949:
945:
940:
938:
937:Kutmichevitsa
934:
930:
926:
922:
921:Great Moravia
918:
914:
905:
896:
892:
888:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
864:Pope Formosus
859:
857:
853:
850:and personal
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
826:
822:
818:
814:
813:autocephalous
804:
799:
789:
787:
783:
779:
773:
771:
767:
763:
758:
753:
749:
743:
741:
740:Judgement day
736:
728:
723:
714:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
658:
648:
646:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
614:
609:
605:
601:
596:
592:
588:
579:
570:
568:
564:
563:Great Moravia
560:
556:
554:
550:
546:
542:
537:
535:
531:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
491:
486:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
449:
447:
443:
439:
433:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
406:
404:
400:
396:
392:
384:
379:
370:
368:
364:
360:
355:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
336:Great Moravia
333:
328:
326:
323:to secure an
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
294:
286:
282:
278:
274:
266:
263:
261:
257:
253:
251:
247:
241:
237:
236:
234:
232:
228:
225:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
199:
195:
191:
186:
179:
172:
169:
165:
162:
159:
155:
152:
149:
147:
143:
140:
134:
128:
125:
123:
119:
116:
113:
109:
106:
100:
96:
93:
90:
86:
83:
80:
76:
73:852–889
72:
68:
64:
58:
53:
50:
48:
43:
38:
33:
32:Boris Godunov
19:
2399:Principality
2388:Rostislav II
2386:
2379:
2372:
2334:Ivan Asen IV
2319:Ivan Stephen
2261:
2249:
2225:Ivan Asen II
2183:
2176:
2169:
2164:Petar Delyan
2162:
2155:
2096:
2008:First Empire
1949:
1888:
1849:
1831:
1809:
1797:. Retrieved
1787:
1768:
1762:
1743:
1737:
1716:
1682:
1674:
1665:
1659:
1640:
1634:
1625:
1600:
1592:
1573:
1567:
1551:
1497:
1493:
1484:
1475:
1466:
1455:
1436:
1427:
1418:
1409:
1400:
1391:
1382:
1373:
1364:
1355:
1346:
1337:
1320:
1309:
1298:
1281:
1272:
1263:
1246:
1233:
1222:
1211:. Retrieved
1207:
1198:
1187:
1180:
1154:Christianity
1056:
1038:
1001:
992:
960:
941:
910:
893:
889:
860:
809:
774:
744:
732:
660:
584:
557:
553:Nicephorus I
538:
487:
469:between the
460:
434:
407:
399:Christianity
388:
356:
329:
280:
276:
272:
271:
45:
2418:Ferdinand I
2413:Alexander I
2349:Ivan Asen V
2251:Rostislav I
2210:Ivan Asen I
1142:Middle Ages
770:Michael III
638:Michael III
549:Justinian I
513:Charlemagne
505:Constantine
340:Glagolithic
238:906 by the
182:Saint Boris
78:Predecessor
49:of Bulgaria
2454:907 deaths
2443:Categories
2245:Mitso Asen
2157:Presian II
2148:Byzantines
1825:References
1799:9 December
1256:1409400034
1213:2023-01-16
1185:(in Greek)
1052:Antarctica
1018:, who had
735:his sister
613:Kanasubigi
442:Kanasubigi
432:, "Tsar".
391:name Boris
136:Evpraksiya
2428:Simeon II
2423:Boris III
2092:Presian I
2032:Kormisosh
1941:Presian I
1914:Resources
1847:(1991) .
1498:The Serbs
1173:Footnotes
1106:Biography
711:Pribislav
701:, and 80
683:Pribislav
630:Black Sea
595:Strandzha
587:Presian I
567:Rastislav
534:Benevento
517:Hildegard
420:, and at
416:, modern
309:Bulgarian
303:) of the
293:Bulgarian
260:Patronage
231:Canonized
101:2 May 907
88:Successor
2365:Ottomans
2205:Peter II
2117:Boris II
2107:Simeon I
2102:Vladimir
1961:Vladimir
1882:(1930).
1130:Monarchy
1118:Bulgaria
1069:See also
1004:Vladimir
975:Cyrillic
963:Bulgaria
913:Belgrade
844:politics
836:religion
640:and the
559:Mojmír I
536:in 788.
499:and the
477:and the
319:and the
167:Religion
133:Simeon I
130:Gavrail
127:Vladimir
92:Vladimir
2404:Kingdom
2374:Fruzhin
2294:Ivan II
2289:Smilets
2215:Kaloyan
2178:Alusian
2171:Tihomir
2112:Peter I
2097:Boris I
2087:Malamir
2082:Omurtag
2067:Telerig
2017:Asparuh
1944:as Khan
1869:101–108
1500:, p. 15
1460:p. 141
1258:, p. 4.
1092:Portals
1046:in the
1016:Magyars
952:liturgy
946:and in
848:customs
817:Photios
748:Bulgars
695:falcons
675:Mutimir
636:led by
632:to the
628:on the
618:Plovdiv
545:Leo III
509:Rotrude
490:Empress
418:Albania
403:Michael
277:Bogoris
273:Boris I
161:Presian
105:Preslav
82:Presian
40:Boris I
18:Boris I
2274:Ivaylo
2127:Samuel
2072:Kardam
2042:Telets
2022:Tervel
1906:832687
1904:
1894:London
1857:
1775:
1750:
1695:
1647:
1613:
1609:–223.
1580:
1559:
1454:Fine,
1328:
1289:
1254:
1166:Saints
1035:Legacy
944:Pliska
925:Pliska
825:kavhan
821:Papacy
782:Tangra
766:Pliska
762:Thrace
697:, two
693:, two
691:slaves
687:Stefan
679:boyars
651:Serbia
645:Bardas
642:caesar
622:Zagora
606:waged
604:Croats
530:Istria
507:, and
501:Papacy
467:schism
426:Archon
414:Ballsh
395:Bulgar
393:is of
321:Papacy
275:(also
157:Father
111:Spouse
2299:Chaka
2220:Boril
2122:Roman
2062:Pagan
2057:Toktu
2047:Sabin
2037:Vineh
2027:Sevar
1029:Varna
1027:near
948:Ohrid
852:faith
828:Peter
707:Petar
608:a war
493:Irene
452:Reign
446:Knyaz
422:Varna
383:Knyaz
367:May 2
301:knyaz
254:2 May
250:Feast
146:House
122:Issue
115:Maria
70:Reign
47:Knyaz
2077:Krum
2052:Umor
1902:OCLC
1855:ISBN
1801:2012
1773:ISBN
1748:ISBN
1693:ISBN
1645:ISBN
1611:ISBN
1578:ISBN
1557:ISBN
1326:ISBN
1287:ISBN
1252:ISBN
969:and
931:and
703:furs
699:dogs
685:and
532:and
483:Rome
438:Khan
212:Died
204:Born
139:Anna
98:Died
1689:103
1514:PDF
1042:on
961:In
840:law
543:by
481:in
473:in
440:or
215:907
207:827
2445::
1900:.
1896::
1892:.
1886:.
1725:^
1707:^
1691:.
1607:91
1538:^
1520:^
1505:^
1458:,
1445:^
1206:.
1050:,
1031:.
965:,
958:.
939:.
846:,
842:,
838:,
647:.
485:.
448:.
354:.
295::
291:,
287::
1992:e
1985:t
1978:v
1908:.
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