731:. However, having ordered him to follow, he moved quickly toward Kiev. However, fearing deceit and treachery from the assurances of the deputies, they send forward to Kiev Iziaslav's son Mstislav with a certain number of Polish and Ruthenian knights to find out if there was peace among the Kievans and to prevent them from using deceit and treachery. Upon arrival, the perpetrators and leaders of the conspiracy, seventy in number, were partially blinded, some murdered and took cruel revenge, losing even those who pretended to be innocent. But when Mstislav reported that there was complete security and calm among the inhabitants, and that King Bolesław of Poland had arrived with Prince Iziaslav, the Kievans first came out to meet him seven miles away, and then welcomed him, offering magnificent gifts. King Boleslaw spent the summer, autumn and winter there with his entire army. In turn, Polish soldiers wintered in towns and villages, and Prince Iziaslav supplied everyone with both clothing and food. Iziaslav set off with Polish soldiers during the Polish king's stay in Kiev against the prince of Polotsk, Vseslav, but Vseslav, fearing the power of Iziaslav and the Poles, fled. Iziaslav, in turn, having captured the castle of Polotsk and the surrounding area, settled his son Mstislav there, and when he died within a few days, he put his other son Sviatopolk in his place, after which he returned to Kiev. Bolesław's triumphal entry into Kiev, was marked by a symbolic act at the
781:, grain, and provisions enriched Bolesław's camp, sustaining his forces during the prolonged siege. Despite skirmishes yielding no decisive outcome, a significant counterattack compelled a Ruthenian retreat back to Przemyśl, where panic ensued, allowing the Polish forces to capture or disarm many foes. Seizing momentum, Bolesław tightened the siege, eventually securing control over vulnerable sections of the city. With the Rus' people retreating to the castle, Bolesław seized Przemyśl, granting his soldiers looting rights. After providing time for rest and tending to the wounded, he fortified the city and maintained the siege despite the challenges posed by its strategic location and formidable defenses. Convinced that hunger would compel surrender, Bolesław persisted throughout the summer. As the Rus' population weakened from starvation and thirst, they negotiated terms of surrender, relinquishing the castle to Bolesław. Having occupied the stronghold, Bolesław ordered its reconstruction and fortification, relocating soldiers for winter quarters before withdrawing with his advisors to the castle.
740:
89:
624:
as a result of civil unrest, our seats have been depleted, when
Ruthenia itself, subject to our authority by virtue of the law to which nations obey, and by virtue of conquest, the greater part of which is due to me by inheritance from my mother and grandfather, does not obey our authority. In order to crush its rebellion, I myself have taken up arms, and I have ordered you to be under arms. With great courage, therefore, undertake this war, for you will not soon see your wives, children and our common mother, whom we are leaving at this moment, the homeland, until Ruthenia is conquered.
22:
720:
171:
573:
184:
615:, distributing a large amount of money to soldiers on horseback and on foot, so that they set out on the expedition with even more enthusiasm and zeal. For the brave king wished to surpass the fame of his great-grandfather. He complained, moreover, that all the Rus lands which had fallen to him by conquest and inheritance from his mother, now in the possession of the Rus princes, had been illegally seized by them with the knowledge of his father, King
785:
701:
promise that with their might they would court him and not allow the property of their grandparents, their capital city and its population to be conquered by the Poles and their king. They also immediately sent envoys to Prince
Iziaslav. When these met him near Kiev, they addressed him and the Polish King Bolesław on behalf of the princes Sviatoslav and Vseslav with the following words:
706:
here. Distract the Poles from destroying our land and the lands of the Rus. And if any resentment prompts you to avenge the injustice suffered from the people of Kiev, then there at will take revenge on the people of Kiev and the castle without the use of sword and fire, so long as the Poles do not take revenge on us and our people.
674:. And his army, worried and frightened by the escape of their leader, scattered in different directions. The Polish king, notified by scouts that the Ruthenians and other enemies had seceded to defend the stronghold, occupied further territories. Meanwhile, the Ruthenian elders of Kiev sent envoys to Princes
735:
when Bolesław struck the gate and chipped his sword. However, his pride and arrogance, evident in his interaction with Prince
Iziaslav, also revealed his vulnerabilities, which he accomplished by sitting on a horse while lumbering his relative by the beard. Most historians have related this anecdote
705:
In vain, you brought such a strong army to such distant lands. In vain you are making great efforts, when you see that your enemy, the prince of
Polotsk, Vseslav and all your opponents have fallen to the wayside. Leave the Poles and return in peace to your headquarters in Kiev, for you have no enemy
623:
Our ancestors, distinguished themselves by such valor, such honesty and courage that they subjected many neighboring countries to the authority of the
Kingdom of Poland, and made the Sava, Ossa and Sula rivers the borders of their kingdom, having driven columns into their depths. And now we see how,
669:
to fight against the Polish king. But when he was about to threaten King Bolesław's path to further Rus lands, he met him near Białogród, and when he saw the mighty army of the Polish king, he collapsed in spirit and did not dare to fight a battle with Bolesław, for he saw that his forces were much
610:
At the beginning of the summer, he ordered all knights to be under arms and to gather an army, both on horseback and on foot, from all over the kingdom for the Rus' expedition, under the pretense that he wants to restore the capital to his brother
Iziaslav, prince of Kiev, but in reality to win Rus
764:
Przemyśl, a sizable city teeming with inhabitants and newcomers, fortified with deep trenches, high walls, and guarded by the San River from the north, posed a formidable challenge. Hindered temporarily by the swollen San River caused by heavy rains, Bolesław eventually crossed with his troops and
686:
Although we have acted wickedly in driving our prince
Iziaslav out of Kiev, you nevertheless come and defend the Kiev castle against the Poles and their king Bolesław because his army is large and too strong, and we will not be able to resist him. If you do not do so, we will burn down Kiev Castle
812:
Bolesław's reign ended tragically in 1081, shrouded in mystery and scandal. His alleged poisoning by his own cook, described by Gallus
Anonymus, pointed to political intrigue and internal strife. In addition, rumors of Bolesław's controversial personal life, including alleged affairs with married
700:
From princes
Sviatoslav and Vseslav, the Kievans receive a kind reply that they will send envoys to Prince Iziaslav and ask him to refrain from hostile moves with the Polish army and to peacefully enter their country in order to take back all their possessions. If he were to agree to this, they
568:
Ascending to the Polish throne in 1058, Bolesław assumed leadership at a remarkably young age, likely around 15, setting a precedent as the youngest ruler in Polish history. Despite his youth, Bolesław displayed early signs of promise and assertiveness, characteristics that would define his
769:
752:
After spending the winter in Kiev, the Polish monarch departed early from his winter encampment once the conditions were favorable for military operations. Acknowledged along with his army by Prince Izasław with lavish gifts, Bolesław proceeded towards
592:
lauded his generosity and valor, earning him the title "the most generous among the generous." However, Gallus also noted Bolesław's flaws, particularly his impulsiveness and vanity, which sometimes clouded his judgment and led to reckless actions.
601:
during internal disputes, demonstrated his commitment to maintaining Polish influence in the region. The pinnacle of Bolesław's
Eastern ventures came with his expedition to Kiev in 1069, mirroring the conquests of Bolesław the Brave in 1018.
584:
mentioned her as Wiaczesława or Wiszesława, the exact origins of Bolesław's wife remain debated among historians. Nevertheless, their marriage further solidified Bolesław's connections with Rus', increasing his authority in Eastern affairs.
596:
In foreign policy, Bolesław followed the footsteps of his illustrious predecessor, Bolesław the Brave, with a keen focus on Eastern relations, notably with Rus'. His interventions in Kiev, particularly in support of his uncle Prince
776:
Exploiting opportunities, he dispatched soldiers to harass enemy fields, prompting the foes to retreat to forests and marshes, some too intimidated to venture beyond their fortified positions. The capture of abundant
761:, some through cooperation, others by coercion. Learning that Przemyśl sheltered many Ruthenian people seeking refuge from neighboring fortresses and villages, Bolesław resolved to launch a full-scale assault.
352:
342:
357:
736:
precisely to the year 1069, in which case Iziaslav was clearly humiliated by the Polish ruler. What Boleslaw wanted to achieve with his actions will forever be shrouded in mystery.
337:
687:
before it falls into the hands of the Poles, while we ourselves, knowing our possessions, children and families, will go overseas to Greece to escape the yoke of the angry enemy.
619:, or with his tacit permission. So when huge armies gathered from all over the kingdom at the king's side, before setting out for the lands of his enemies he spoke to them thus:
1002:"Bolesław Śmiały (Szczodry). Król, który powrócił do mocarstwowej polityki Chrobrego | HISTORIA.org.pl - historia, kultura, muzea, matura, rekonstrukcje i recenzje historyczne"
832:
315:
1287:
Bolesław Śmiały (Szczodry). Król, który powrócił do mocarstwowej polityki Chrobrego | HISTORIA.org.pl - historia, kultura, muzea, matura, rekonstrukcje i recenzje historyczne
271:
611:
for himself. And all that he considered necessary for the future war he distributed with great care either personally or through his commanders, especially the voivode
948:
281:
1326:
1286:
1001:
264:
327:
1336:
377:
257:
1331:
477:
612:
397:
387:
1341:
41:
Please help improve this article by looking for better, more reliable sources. Unreliable citations may be challenged and removed.
305:
310:
1259:
1213:
837:
739:
88:
580:
His marriage, often speculated to be to a Russian princess, strengthened diplomatic ties with the East. While chronicler
727:
After accepting this message, King Bolesław, along with Prince Iziaslav and the knights, left part of the army with the
670:
weaker. Without the knowledge of his knights, having informed the few who accompanied him, he left the army and fled to
1231:
1196:
1140:
961:
56:
407:
1203:
1321:
347:
1245:
1182:
1168:
1154:
432:
1271:
557:. His lineage traced back to illustrious rulers, giving him a strong claim to the throne. Bolesław's mother,
372:
427:
422:
797:
Despite initial successes, Bolesław's power in the eastern lands proved was short, with the annexation of
472:
442:
1316:
35:
487:
447:
558:
30:
822:
550:
542:
509:
505:
208:
616:
546:
437:
1281:
895:
675:
537:
229:
220:
212:
504:
aimed to assert Polish influence in the region, mirroring the conquests of his predecessor,
320:
1147:
Bolesław II Szczodry. Tragiczne losy wielkiego wojownika 1040/1042 - 2/3 IV 1081 albo 1082
657:, who had driven Iziaslav out of Kiev, gathered an army not to be despised, consisting of
8:
813:
women, further complicated his legacy and the succession crisis that followed his death.
805:
in 1069 was short-lived, eventually succumbing to the resurgence of local powers such as
572:
827:
806:
654:
641:
and advanced in compact formation for several days. At the head of the Polish army was
598:
517:
225:
216:
80:
21:
719:
1255:
1241:
1227:
1209:
1192:
1178:
1164:
1150:
1136:
957:
732:
562:
554:
482:
452:
382:
174:
1276:
1072:
637:
The next day the king, accompanied by Prince Iziaslav of Kiev and his sons, entered
457:
589:
565:, which further enriched his connections to powerful Eastern European dynasties.
1291:
1035:
170:
1097:"Bolesław II Szczodry, Encyklopedia PWN: źródło wiarygodnej i rzetelnej wiedzy"
842:
638:
525:
144:
118:
581:
1310:
1096:
1277:
Wyprawy kijowskie Bolesława Chrobrego i Bolesława Szczodrego (przezwieki.pl)
798:
402:
392:
758:
588:
Bolesław's reign was marked by a mix of praise and criticism. Chronicler
754:
521:
666:
658:
196:
188:
122:
1301:
249:
1296:
784:
778:
747:
679:
662:
192:
1120:
Patrz np. Tadeusz Rojek „XIII tajemnic historii”, NK, Warszawa 1989.
93:
Bolesław the Bold with his team on a 19th-century French engraving.
743:
Bolesław the Bold with his team on a 19th-century French engraving
1224:
Jana Długosza Roczniki czyli Kroniki sławnego Królestwa Polskiego
671:
152:
768:
1302:
Wojny polsko-ruskie X–XIV w. | Virtual Shtetl (sztetl.org.pl)
728:
642:
1073:"Dwaj zdobywcy Kijowa: Bolesław Chrobry i Bolesław Szczodry"
1282:
Przemyśl Bolesława Śmiałego - Miasto Przemyśl (przemysl.pl)
802:
757:, seizing various fortifications and strongholds along the
513:
148:
114:
1252:„I Lubelska Jesień Historyczna‛'. Materiały konferencyjne,
1134:
Roczniki czyli kroniki sławnego królestwa Polskiego. vol 3
713:
Roczniki czyli kroniki sławnego królestwa Polskiego, vol 3
694:
Roczniki czyli kroniki sławnego królestwa Polskiego, vol 3
631:
Roczniki czyli kroniki sławnego królestwa Polskiego, vol 3
833:
Bolesław I's intervention in the Kievan succession crisis
981:
I Lubelska Jesień Historyczna‛'. Materiały konferencyjne
561:, held familial ties to the influential Kievan prince
74:
Bolesław II the Bold's expedition to Kiev (1069–1071)
950:
Roczniki czyli kroniki sławnego królestwa Polskiego
854:
748:Capture of Przemyśl and conquest of Cherven Cities
1205:Medieval Russia: 980–1584. Second Edition. E-book
502:Bolesław II the Bold's expedition to Kiev in 1069
1308:
1272:Bolesław II Szczodry (Śmiały) (mediatempora.pl)
896:"Przemyśl Bolesława Śmiałego - Miasto Przemyśl"
648:
265:
1187:R. Grodecki, S. Zachorowski, J. Dąbrowski,
545:, born circa 1042, was not only the son of
520:on the throne and on the way back occupied
1327:History of Poland during the Piast dynasty
272:
258:
1208:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
983:. Wydział Humanistyczny UMCS. p. 46.
57:Learn how and when to remove this message
783:
767:
738:
718:
571:
279:
1309:
1201:
860:
801:to Poland and the brief occupation of
942:
940:
938:
936:
253:
147:into Poland, temporary occupation of
1337:Military operations involving Poland
1292:Bolesław II Szczodry (timenote.info)
1091:
1089:
1070:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1024:
1022:
996:
994:
992:
990:
975:
973:
934:
932:
930:
928:
926:
924:
922:
920:
918:
916:
890:
888:
886:
884:
882:
15:
946:
765:established a camp near the city.
79:Part of the 1065–1069 rebellion of
13:
838:Murder of Stanislaus of Szczepanów
692:Envoys of Vseslav and Sviatoslav,
14:
1353:
1265:
1086:
1053:
1019:
987:
970:
913:
879:
1175:Poczet królów i książąt polskich
653:In turn, the prince of Polotsk,
182:
169:
87:
20:
1332:Military history of Kievan Rus'
1114:
549:but also the great-grandson of
866:
1:
1222:D. Turkowska i M. Kowalczyk,
1189:Dzieje Polski średniowiecznej
1173:Andrzej Garlicki (pod red.),
848:
605:
531:
1250:Wydział Humanistyczny UMCS,
1071:Samp, Mariusz (2021-12-18).
792:
649:Conquest of Kiev and Polotsk
7:
1342:11th century in Kievan Rus'
1161:Rodowód pierwszych Piastów,
816:
10:
1358:
1238:Dzieje Polski piastowskiej
1126:
874:Rodowód pierwszych Piastów
553:, a significant figure in
535:
291:
235:
202:
163:
97:
86:
78:
73:
559:Maria Dobroniega of Kiev
516:where he put the allied
1008:(in Polish). 2021-02-28
29:Some of this article's
1322:11th century in Poland
1202:Martin, Janet (2007).
1036:"Bolesław II Szczodry"
789:
773:
744:
724:
717:
698:
635:
629:Bolesław II the Bold,
617:Casimir I the Restorer
577:
547:Casimir I the Restorer
203:Commanders and leaders
1297:1069 - Szkolnictwo.pl
1145:Norbert Delestowicz,
787:
771:
742:
722:
703:
684:
682:with such a message:
621:
575:
538:Kiev uprising of 1068
536:Further information:
230:Sviatoslav II of Kiev
221:Sviatopolk II of Kiev
1159:Kazimierz Jasiński,
823:Bolesław II the Bold
576:Bolesław II the Bold
551:Bolesław I the Brave
543:Bolesław II the Bold
510:Bolesław II the Bold
373:Muscovite/Lithuanian
209:Bolesław II the Bold
1101:encyklopedia.pwn.pl
283:Polish–Russian Wars
828:Vseslav of Polotsk
807:Vsevolod I of Kiev
790:
774:
772:Iziaslav I of Kiev
745:
725:
723:Vseslav of Polotsk
655:Vseslav of Polotsk
599:Iziaslav I of Kiev
578:
518:Iziaslav I of Kiev
506:Bolesław the Brave
226:Vseslav of Polotsk
217:Iziaslav I of Kiev
105:Summer 1069 - 1071
81:Vseslav of Polotsk
1317:Conflicts in 1069
1260:978-83-934217-1-8
1215:978-0-511-36800-4
563:Yaroslav the Wise
496:
495:
366:Tsardom of Russia
248:
247:
178:Ruthenian rebells
175:Kingdom of Poland
159:
158:
67:
66:
59:
1349:
1219:
1121:
1118:
1112:
1111:
1109:
1108:
1093:
1084:
1083:
1081:
1080:
1068:
1051:
1050:
1048:
1047:
1032:
1017:
1016:
1014:
1013:
998:
985:
984:
977:
968:
967:
955:
944:
911:
910:
908:
907:
892:
877:
870:
864:
858:
715:
696:
633:
590:Gallus Anonymous
299:
286:
284:
274:
267:
260:
251:
250:
187:
186:
185:
173:
155:by Polish forces
99:
98:
91:
71:
70:
62:
55:
51:
48:
42:
24:
16:
1357:
1356:
1352:
1351:
1350:
1348:
1347:
1346:
1307:
1306:
1268:
1240:, Kraków 1999.
1236:J. Wyrozumski,
1226:, Warsaw 2009.
1216:
1191:, Kraków 1995.
1177:, Warsaw 1998.
1149:, Kraków 2016.
1129:
1124:
1119:
1115:
1106:
1104:
1095:
1094:
1087:
1078:
1076:
1069:
1054:
1045:
1043:
1034:
1033:
1020:
1011:
1009:
1006:HISTORIA.org.pl
1000:
999:
988:
979:
978:
971:
964:
953:
945:
914:
905:
903:
894:
893:
880:
871:
867:
859:
855:
851:
819:
795:
750:
716:
711:Kievan elders,
710:
697:
691:
678:and Vseslav to
651:
634:
628:
608:
540:
534:
499:
498:
497:
492:
462:
412:
362:
297:
287:
282:
280:
278:
228:
219:
215:
211:
195:
191:
183:
181:
177:
139:
125:
92:
63:
52:
46:
43:
40:
25:
12:
11:
5:
1355:
1345:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1305:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1267:
1266:External links
1264:
1263:
1262:
1248:
1234:
1220:
1214:
1199:
1185:
1171:
1157:
1143:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1122:
1113:
1085:
1052:
1018:
986:
969:
962:
947:Długosz, Jan.
912:
878:
865:
852:
850:
847:
846:
845:
843:Cherven Cities
840:
835:
830:
825:
818:
815:
794:
791:
788:Cherven Cities
749:
746:
708:
689:
650:
647:
626:
607:
604:
555:Polish history
533:
530:
526:Cherven Cities
494:
493:
491:
490:
485:
480:
475:
469:
468:
461:
460:
455:
450:
445:
440:
435:
430:
425:
419:
418:
416:Russian Empire
411:
410:
405:
400:
395:
390:
385:
380:
375:
369:
368:
361:
360:
355:
350:
345:
340:
335:
330:
325:
324:
323:
313:
308:
302:
301:
292:
289:
288:
277:
276:
269:
262:
254:
246:
245:
242:
238:
237:
233:
232:
223:
205:
204:
200:
199:
179:
166:
165:
161:
160:
157:
156:
145:Cherven Cities
143:Annexation of
141:
135:
134:
133:Polish victory
131:
127:
126:
119:Cherven cities
113:
111:
107:
106:
103:
95:
94:
84:
83:
76:
75:
69:
68:
65:
64:
31:listed sources
28:
26:
19:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1354:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1261:
1257:
1254:Lublin 2012.
1253:
1249:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1233:
1232:9788301160739
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1211:
1207:
1206:
1200:
1198:
1197:9788324213269
1194:
1190:
1186:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1142:
1141:9788301160692
1138:
1135:
1132:Długosz Jan,
1131:
1130:
1117:
1102:
1098:
1092:
1090:
1074:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1041:
1040:timenote.info
1037:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1007:
1003:
997:
995:
993:
991:
982:
976:
974:
965:
963:9788301160692
959:
956:(in Polish).
952:
951:
943:
941:
939:
937:
935:
933:
931:
929:
927:
925:
923:
921:
919:
917:
901:
897:
891:
889:
887:
885:
883:
875:
872:K. Jasiński,
869:
863:, p. 31.
862:
857:
853:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
820:
814:
810:
808:
804:
800:
786:
782:
780:
770:
766:
762:
760:
756:
741:
737:
734:
730:
721:
714:
707:
702:
695:
688:
683:
681:
677:
673:
668:
664:
660:
656:
646:
644:
640:
632:
625:
620:
618:
614:
603:
600:
594:
591:
586:
583:
574:
570:
566:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
539:
529:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
489:
486:
484:
481:
479:
476:
474:
471:
470:
467:
464:
463:
459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
434:
431:
429:
426:
424:
421:
420:
417:
414:
413:
409:
406:
404:
401:
399:
396:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
370:
367:
364:
363:
359:
356:
354:
351:
349:
346:
344:
341:
339:
336:
334:
331:
329:
326:
322:
319:
318:
317:
314:
312:
309:
307:
304:
303:
300:
294:
293:
290:
285:
275:
270:
268:
263:
261:
256:
255:
252:
243:
240:
239:
234:
231:
227:
224:
222:
218:
214:
210:
207:
206:
201:
198:
194:
190:
180:
176:
172:
168:
167:
162:
154:
150:
146:
142:
137:
136:
132:
129:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
109:
108:
104:
101:
100:
96:
90:
85:
82:
77:
72:
61:
58:
50:
47:February 2024
38:
37:
32:
27:
23:
18:
17:
1251:
1237:
1223:
1204:
1188:
1174:
1163:Warsaw 1993
1160:
1146:
1133:
1116:
1105:. Retrieved
1100:
1077:. Retrieved
1044:. Retrieved
1039:
1010:. Retrieved
1005:
980:
949:
904:. Retrieved
899:
873:
868:
856:
811:
799:Red Ruthenia
796:
775:
763:
751:
726:
712:
704:
699:
693:
685:
652:
636:
630:
622:
609:
595:
587:
579:
567:
541:
524:and annexed
501:
500:
466:Soviet Union
465:
415:
365:
332:
295:
164:Belligerents
53:
44:
33:
1103:(in Polish)
1075:(in Polish)
1042:(in Polish)
902:(in Polish)
900:przemysl.pl
861:Martin 2007
733:Golden Gate
582:Jan Długosz
528:to Poland.
138:Territorial
34:may not be
1311:Categories
1246:8385719385
1183:8307018226
1169:8385218327
1155:8377301725
1107:2024-02-10
1079:2024-02-11
1046:2024-02-11
1012:2024-02-11
906:2024-02-10
876:, pp. 153.
849:References
676:Sviatoslav
667:Varangians
659:Ruthenians
639:Kievan Rus
606:Expedition
532:Background
296:Kievan Rus
197:Varangians
189:Kievan Rus
123:Kievan Rus
793:Aftermath
779:livestock
759:San River
680:Chernigov
663:Pechenegs
645:Wszebor.
512:occupied
483:1919-1921
478:1918-1919
473:1914-1918
458:1863-1864
453:1830-1831
443:1806-1807
428:1768-1772
423:1733-1735
408:1654–1667
403:1632-1634
398:1605–1618
393:1558-1583
388:1512-1522
378:1487-1494
353:1139-1142
343:1121-1124
333:1069-1071
328:1030-1031
193:Pechenegs
817:See also
755:Przemyśl
709:—
690:—
627:—
522:Przemyśl
321:2nd Kiev
236:Strength
110:Location
36:reliable
1127:Sources
672:Polotsk
613:Wszebor
244:Unknown
241:Unknown
213:Wszebor
153:Polotsk
140:changes
1258:
1244:
1230:
1212:
1195:
1181:
1167:
1153:
1139:
960:
569:reign.
130:Result
954:(PDF)
729:wagon
643:comes
298:'
1256:ISBN
1242:ISBN
1228:ISBN
1210:ISBN
1193:ISBN
1179:ISBN
1165:ISBN
1151:ISBN
1137:ISBN
958:ISBN
803:Kiev
665:and
514:Kiev
488:1939
448:1812
438:1794
433:1792
383:1508
358:1180
348:1135
338:1092
316:1018
311:1022
151:and
149:Kiev
115:Kiev
102:Date
306:981
1313::
1099:.
1088:^
1055:^
1038:.
1021:^
1004:.
989:^
972:^
915:^
898:.
881:^
809:.
661:,
508:.
121:,
117:,
1218:.
1110:.
1082:.
1049:.
1015:.
966:.
909:.
273:e
266:t
259:v
60:)
54:(
49:)
45:(
39:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
