367:
355:
343:
195:
1679:
1654:
177:
415:
403:
219:
250:
427:
231:
325:
146:
391:
379:
207:
294:
117:
37:
1662:
306:
287:
275:
129:
105:
313:
165:
1714:, in addition they would invest nearly two million ducats in the supply and payment of both the army and its free company contingents. The Saxons invaded, and the Spanish army in the west prevented the Protestant Union's forces from assisting. Oñate conspired to transfer the electoral title from the Palatinate to the
1765:
were revoked. However while
Bohemia was effectively annexed by the crown, other regions would continue their revolt for several years. This would have the effect of bringing in elements of the Protestant Union which had suffered a severe blow to their credibility via their refusal to support the
1571:
Had the
Bohemian rebellion remained a local conflict, the war could have been over in fewer than thirty months. However, the death of Emperor Matthias emboldened the rebellious Protestant leaders, who had been on the verge of a settlement. The weaknesses of both Ferdinand (now officially on the
1752:
and outlawed from the Holy Roman Empire. His territories, the
Rhenish Palatinate, were given to Catholic nobles. His title of elector of the Palatinate was given to his distant cousin, Duke Maximilian of Bavaria. Frederick, now landless, made himself a prominent exile abroad and tried to curry
1633:
refused to support
Frederick, despite his wife being James' daughter. Overall, England was criticized for its inaction in the Thirty Years' War. In spite of these issues surrounding their support, the rebellion initially favoured the Bohemians. They were joined in the revolt by much of
1756:
This was a serious blow to
Protestant ambitions in the region. As the rebellion collapsed, the widespread confiscation of property and suppression of the Bohemian nobility ensured the country would return to the Catholic side after more than two centuries of
1568:. Moravia was already embroiled in a conflict between Catholics and Protestants. The religious conflict eventually spread across the whole continent of Europe, involving France, Sweden, and a number of other countries.
1766:
Bohemian revolutionaries. In addition, the changes in territory meant that previously unaligned powers would find a resurgent empire on their own borders, a circumstance that kingdoms like
Denmark found untenable.
1598:. The Bohemians hinted Frederick would become King of Bohemia if he allowed them to join the Union and come under its protection. However, similar offers were made by other members of the Bohemian Estates to the
1836:
T. Walter
Wallbank; Alastair M. Taylor; Nels M. Bailkey; George F. Jewsbury; Clyde J. Lewis; Neil J. Hackett (1992). "15. The Development of the European State System: 1300–1650". In Bruce Borland (ed.).
1610:. The Austrians, who seemed to have intercepted every letter leaving Prague, made these duplicities public. This unraveled much of the support for the Bohemians, particularly in the court of
1572:
Bohemian throne after the death of
Emperor Matthias) and of the Bohemians themselves led to the spread of the war to western Germany. Ferdinand was compelled to call on his cousin, King
627:
788:
861:
1536:
in May 1618. Ferdinand had wanted them to administer the government in his absence. On 23 May, an assembly of
Protestants seized them and threw them (and also secretary
900:
813:
803:
798:
1156:
1062:
463:
925:
518:
960:
1144:
878:
1052:
930:
1730:
1072:
371:
1331:
1132:
866:
644:
1703:
982:
793:
1540:) out of the palace window, which was some 17 metres (56 ft) off the ground. Remarkably, although injured, they survived. This event, known as the
1584:", extended from the Mediterranean to Brussels. To this end they invested an enormous sum of treasure in the hiring of free companies and mercenaries.
1193:
1022:
992:
632:
890:
709:
1741:, on 8 November 1620. In addition to becoming almost entirely Catholic, Bohemia would remain in Habsburg hands for nearly three hundred years.
456:
150:
1838:
1761:
and other religious dissent. The elective monarchy was abolished in favour of hereditary succession and the privileges granted by the
1161:
1941:
1324:
449:
1477:
sought to assure an orderly transition during his lifetime by having his dynastic heir (the fiercely
Catholic Archduke Ferdinand of
1513:). However, other Protestants supported the stance taken by the Catholics, and in 1617, Ferdinand was duly elected by the Bohemian
1733:
pacified Lower Austria. The two armies united and moved north into Bohemia. Ferdinand II decisively defeated Frederick V at the
1951:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1298:
1946:
1317:
1137:
1493:. Some of the Protestant leaders of Bohemia feared they would be losing the religious rights granted to them by Emperor
1657:
The window (second floor) where the Second Defenestration occurred. Note the monument to the right of the castle tower.
561:
1848:
1599:
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42:
1936:
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223:
1241:
1205:
1183:
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528:
1619:
1565:
1544:, started the Bohemian Revolt. Soon afterward, the Bohemian conflict spread through all of the
1525:
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1198:
1117:
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546:
1027:
1271:
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1587:
The Bohemians, desperate for allies against King Ferdinand, applied to be admitted into the
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1795:
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28:
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8:
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1465:, including the Czech lands, which were particularly stricken by its violent atrocities.
1446:
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1231:
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383:
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576:
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1775:
1678:
1630:
1615:
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1549:
1486:
1422:. It was caused by both religious and power disputes. The estates were almost entirely
1408:
1087:
1007:
987:
758:
317:
181:
773:
1844:
1762:
1729:
in its ranks as an observer) pacified Upper Austria, while Imperial forces under the
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342:
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194:
73:
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1517:
to become the crown prince, and automatically upon the death of Matthias, the next
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1434:
1415:
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1107:
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1042:
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395:
1607:
1537:
1518:
1392:
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1226:
1002:
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851:
498:
329:
1461:
into it. The conflict spread to the rest of Europe and devastated vast areas of
1695:
1626:
1462:
1454:
1400:
1188:
748:
211:
169:
1885:
1639:
1635:
1561:
1557:
1533:
441:
137:
133:
1785:
1749:
1661:
1581:
324:
145:
36:
1702:
to support King Ferdinand. In addition, the Spanish ambassador to Vienna,
1591:, which was led by their original candidate for the Bohemian throne, the
1450:
1438:
1748:
and the loss of Frederick V's holdings. Frederick was placed under the
1423:
1592:
1576:, for assistance. The Spanish Crown had interests in maintaining the
1427:
1614:. As a result, Ferdinand had no difficulty in securing election as
1453:, but also expanded the scope of the Thirty Years' War by drawing
1309:
1758:
1711:
1430:
305:
286:
274:
128:
104:
1753:
support for his cause in Sweden, the Netherlands, and Denmark.
1738:
1647:
1478:
615:
Transylvanian invasions of Hungary (1619–1621, 1623–1624, 1626)
1718:
in exchange for his support and that of the Catholic League.
1445:, where the estates suffered a decisive defeat. This started
390:
378:
312:
206:
164:
1441:. The dispute culminated after several battles in the final
16:
Revolt of Bohemian estates against the Habsburgs (1618–1620)
1710:
to intervene against Bohemia in exchange for control over
1638:, whose nobility was then chiefly Lutheran and Calvinist.
1524:
The king-elect then sent two Catholic councillors (
1815:"The Defenestration of Prague « Criticality"
1883:
1580:as a stable ally; a critical supply route, the "
471:
1325:
457:
1853:. Archived from the original on 14 June 2016
1485:) elected to the separate royal thrones of
1744:This defeat led to the dissolution of the
1332:
1318:
464:
450:
1840:Civilization Past & Present Volume II
1686:(1620), where Pro-Habsburg forces under
1677:
1660:
1652:
1642:revolted soon after, and in 1619, Count
1843:. New York: Harper Collins Publishers.
1817:. steveedney.wordpress.com. 22 May 2006
1673:
1622:, which greatly strengthened his hand.
1884:
1501:(1609). They preferred the Protestant
1313:
445:
1407:; 1618–1620) was an uprising of the
1339:
13:
1682:Contemporary painting showing the
14:
1963:
1721:The Catholic League's army under
1698:sent an army from Brussels under
839:Swedish-French Period (1635–1648)
1942:Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor
1688:Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly
1483:Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor
710:Swedish intervention (1630–1635)
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1723:Johan Tzerclaes, Count of Tilly
1665:Historical re-enactment of the
1435:a substantial German population
658:Danish intervention (1625–1629)
538:Palatinate campaign (1620–1623)
1829:
1807:
1791:Religion in the Czech Republic
1542:Third Defenestration of Prague
43:Third Defenestration of Prague
1:
1952:Frederick V of the Palatinate
1922:1620 in the Habsburg monarchy
1917:1619 in the Habsburg monarchy
1912:1618 in the Habsburg monarchy
1801:
1596:Frederick V, Elector Palatine
1503:Frederick V, Elector Palatine
1947:Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor
1646:led an army to the walls of
1532:) as his representatives to
1530:Jaroslav Bořita of Martinice
1468:
7:
1769:
1546:Lands of the Bohemian Crown
490:Bohemian Revolt (1618–1620)
66:Lands of the Bohemian Crown
10:
1968:
1871:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
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1735:Battle of White Mountain
1704:Don Íñigo Vélez de Oñate
1684:Battle of White Mountain
1667:Battle of White Mountain
1443:Battle of White Mountain
1414:against the rule of the
1405:ÄŚeskĂ© stavovskĂ© povstánĂ
1932:17th-century rebellions
1927:17th century in Bohemia
1706:, persuaded Protestant
1690:won a decisive victory.
1473:Without heirs, Emperor
1691:
1670:
1658:
1620:1619 imperial election
1608:Prince of Transylvania
1526:Vilem Slavata of Chlum
1404:
1396:
264:Commanders and leaders
1681:
1664:
1656:
1644:Jindřich Matyáš Thurn
1509:, the creator of the
280:Jindřich Matyáš Thurn
1674:Defeat of the revolt
681:Lutter am Barenberge
1781:Counter-Reformation
1574:Philip III of Spain
1433:but there was also
1397:Böhmischer Aufstand
1776:Anti-Protestantism
1692:
1671:
1659:
1616:Holy Roman Emperor
318:Ernst von Mansfeld
1937:Thirty Years' War
1907:Conflicts in 1620
1902:Conflicts in 1619
1897:Conflicts in 1618
1796:Thirty Years' War
1763:Letter of Majesty
1604:Elector of Saxony
1578:Habsburg monarchy
1499:Letter of Majesty
1420:Thirty Years' War
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29:Thirty Years' War
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1731:Count of Bucquoy
1725:(which included
1700:Ambrogio Spinola
1589:Protestant Union
1511:Protestant Union
1447:re-Catholisation
1416:Habsburg dynasty
1346:
1344:
1334:
1327:
1320:
1311:
1310:
1267:2nd Saint Martin
1262:Cape St. Vincent
1237:1st Saint Martin
1202:
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1153:
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701:'s-Hertogenbosch
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110:Crown of Bohemia
108:
107:
85:Imperial victory
50:
49:
39:
19:
18:
1967:
1966:
1962:
1961:
1960:
1958:
1957:
1956:
1892:Bohemian Revolt
1882:
1881:
1880:
1864:
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1856:
1854:
1851:
1834:
1830:
1820:
1818:
1813:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1772:
1716:duke of Bavaria
1676:
1538:Filip Fabricius
1519:King of Bohemia
1471:
1418:that began the
1389:Bohemian Revolt
1385:
1380:
1347:
1343:Bohemian Revolt
1342:
1340:
1338:
1308:
1303:
1302:
1290:
1277:Colberger Heide
1196:
1159:
1147:
1135:
1058:2nd Breitenfeld
963:
936:2nd Rheinfelden
881:
869:
816:
809:1st Rheinfelden
739:1st Breitenfeld
719:Swedish landing
650:Vlach uprisings
635:
479:
474:
472:
470:
436:
424:
414:
412:
402:
400:
388:
376:
364:
352:
340:
334:
330:Gabriel Bethlen
322:
310:
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293:
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272:
259:
249:
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224:Catholic League
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77:
40:
22:Bohemian Revolt
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11:
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1965:
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1768:
1727:René Descartes
1675:
1672:
1505:(successor of
1470:
1467:
1463:Central Europe
1437:that endorsed
1382:
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1123:2nd Nördlingen
1120:
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857:Schenkenschans
854:
849:
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826:1st Nördlingen
823:
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15:
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6:
4:
3:
2:
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1850:0-673-38869-7
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1636:Upper Austria
1632:
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1600:Duke of Savoy
1597:
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1567:
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1562:Lower Lusatia
1559:
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1213:
1212:
1207:
1204:
1200:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1184:Wevelinghoven
1182:
1180:
1179:Zusmarshausen
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1163:
1158:
1157:HohentĂĽbingen
1155:
1151:
1146:
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1855:. Retrieved
1839:
1831:
1819:. Retrieved
1809:
1786:Hussite Wars
1755:
1750:Imperial ban
1743:
1720:
1693:
1624:
1586:
1582:Spanish Road
1570:
1548:, including
1523:
1507:Frederick IV
1472:
1388:
1386:
1341:
1297:
1242:Lizard Point
1093:Philippsburg
1063:2nd Freiberg
1038:WolfenbĂĽttel
983:1st Freiberg
978:2nd Breisach
956:Wittenweiher
946:FuenterrabĂa
804:1st Breisach
789:Pfaffenhofen
489:
408:Maximilian I
360:Ferdinand II
241:
240:
156:
155:
151:Transylvania
94:Belligerents
27:Part of the
1451:Czech lands
1439:Lutheranism
1197: [
1160: [
1148: [
1136: [
1118:Mergentheim
1053:Schweidnitz
964: [
882: [
870: [
817: [
636: [
602:Frankenthal
567:Mingolsheim
299:Frederick V
1886:Categories
1802:References
1606:, and the
1424:Protestant
1371:Wisternitz
1272:Lister Dyb
1133:Korneuburg
1078:Tuttlingen
1048:Honnecourt
998:Thionville
941:Saint Omer
896:Tornavento
769:Alte Veste
754:Maastricht
628:Érsekújvár
587:Heidelberg
514:Wisternitz
384:Philip III
122:Palatinate
1867:cite book
1593:Calvinist
1495:Rudolf II
1469:Rebellion
1428:Utraquist
1426:, mostly
1257:The Downs
1232:The Slaak
1222:Gibraltar
1145:Totenhöhe
1128:3rd Hulst
1028:La Marfée
916:2nd Breda
911:Wittstock
879:HaselĂĽnne
847:Les Avins
784:Oldendorf
759:Nuremberg
729:Magdeburg
724:Frankfurt
691:Stralsund
676:Oldenzaal
607:Stadtlohn
557:Bacharach
552:Oppenheim
56:1618–1620
1770:See also
1650:itself.
1481:, later
1475:Matthias
1409:Bohemian
1299:Treaties
1113:2nd Brno
1098:JĂĽterbog
1088:Freiburg
1073:1st Brno
1018:PreĂźnitz
1013:MontjuĂŻc
1008:Cambrils
988:Chemnitz
814:Liegnitz
799:Konstanz
764:Wiesloch
597:Mannheim
348:Matthias
242:Support:
157:Support:
61:Location
1759:Hussite
1737:, near
1712:Lusatia
1696:Spanish
1631:England
1627:James I
1618:at the
1566:Moravia
1554:Silesia
1550:Bohemia
1515:Estates
1497:in his
1491:Hungary
1487:Bohemia
1455:Denmark
1449:of the
1431:Hussite
1412:estates
1361:Lomnice
1282:Fehmarn
1252:Channel
1247:Dunkirk
1083:Kolding
1033:Dorsten
926:Leipzig
794:Steinau
744:Bamberg
696:Wolgast
686:Groenlo
645:HodonĂn
623:Humenné
592:Fleurus
572:Wimpfen
519:Bautzen
504:Lomnice
182:Silesia
70:Austria
1857:23 May
1847:
1821:25 May
1739:Prague
1708:Saxony
1648:Vienna
1612:Saxony
1602:, the
1564:, and
1479:Styria
1459:Sweden
1393:German
1366:Sablat
1356:Pilsen
1206:Prague
1194:Dachau
1174:Naples
1169:Triebl
1108:Jankau
1103:Bysjön
1068:Rocroi
1043:Kempen
1023:Plauen
1003:Salses
993:Melnik
973:Vlotho
867:Dömitz
852:Leuven
779:LĂĽtzen
734:Werben
633:Tyrnau
577:Höchst
562:JĂĽlich
509:Sablat
499:Pilsen
255:Poland
236:Saxony
140:rebels
82:Result
1625:Even
1558:Upper
1401:Czech
1227:Genoa
1201:]
1164:]
1152:]
1140:]
968:]
961:Thann
951:Kallo
931:Hanau
921:Venlo
906:Somme
886:]
874:]
821:]
774:FĂĽrth
666:Breda
640:]
170:Savoy
134:Upper
1873:link
1859:2008
1845:ISBN
1823:2008
1694:The
1560:and
1528:and
1489:and
1457:and
1387:The
1189:Lens
891:Raon
749:Rain
53:Date
41:The
1629:of
1888::
1869:}}
1865:{{
1556:,
1552:,
1521:.
1403::
1399:;
1395::
1199:de
1162:de
1150:de
1138:de
966:de
884:de
872:de
819:de
638:de
68:,
1875:)
1861:.
1825:.
1669:.
1391:(
1333:e
1326:t
1319:v
465:e
458:t
451:v
136:-
76:)
72:(
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