1139:
2204:
2148:
418:
1085:
travellers suspected and dogged lest they should pry into the matter; all opposition put down by intimidation, and all liberty of action completely taken away. One can really scarcely reproach the
Opposition with having given up the game; there was too great force used against them. As for the result of the vote, therefore, no one need trouble himself about it; it will be just as brilliant as that in Nice. The only danger is lest the Savoy authorities in their zeal should fare as some of the French did in the vote of 1852, finding to their surprise rather more votes than voters inscribed on the list.
2137:
144:
1191:
1171:
2127:
114:
2179:
2158:
670:
2116:
1159:
1245:) is highlighted here: the Savoyards attach great value to it, and it is the only one they have resolved to use in the official terminology of the Centenary. In that, they are infinitely right. Yesterday another term that was used: annexation. Looking at it more closely it was wrong! Can we say annexation when we talk about a decision which was approved by 130,889 voters over 135,449? . Savoy was not annexed but actually incorporated freely and by the will of its inhabitants.
100:
2106:
2169:
1254:
the bells of our cities in Savoy vibrate in unison to glorify, in this magnificent
Centenary, the indefectible commitment of Savoy to France. The Savoyards did not feel Italian. Besides, they spoke French. This explains why in 1858–1859 when rumours ran of the Plombières secret agreement, where Napoleon III and Cavour decided of the fate of Savoy, the Savoyards themselves took the initiative to ask for the incorporation (
1050:). In the northern provinces of the Chablais and Faucigny, there was some support for annexation to neighboring Switzerland, with which the northern provinces had longstanding economic ties. To help reduce the attractiveness of Switzerland, the French government conceded a Free-Trade Zone that maintained the longstanding duty-free relationship of northern Savoyard communes to Geneva. After the treaty was already signed, a
2093:
2190:
941:
758:
514:
1347:
the standards of a free and fair vote. Today, historians generally acknowledge that the plebiscite of 1860 did feature irregularities, but they also affirm that the annexation instrument was the Treaty of Turin and not the plebiscite, whose main purpose was to demonstrate favorable public opinion in Savoy for the annexation after the signature of the treaty. In an interview for the newspaper
2335:
862:
1839:
Convention entre la France et la
Sardaigne destinée à régler diverses questions auxquelles a donné lieu la réunion de la Savoie et de l'arrondissement de Nice à la France; signée a Paris le 23 août 1860. G.Fr.de Martens, Nouveau Recueil Général de Traités et autre actes relatifs aux rapports de droit
1007:
first attempted to annex Savoy in 1848. A corps of 1,500 was dispatched from Lyon and invaded Savoy on 3 April, occupying Chambéry (capital city) and proclaiming the annexation to France. On learning about the invasion countrymen rushed to Chambéry. The corps were chased away by the local population.
1346:
In recent years, sparked by the tiny
Savoyard separatist movement, much attention has been focused on questioning the validity of the 1860 annexation. The Ligue Savoisienne, for example, rejects the Treaty of Turin and subsequent plebiscite as null and void, arguing that the plebiscite did not meet
1253:
In late March 1860, the betrothal ceremony of Savoy to France took place in
Tuileries Palace , a ceremony which was a pact of love and fidelity it is with free consent that she gave itself to France by a solemn plebiscite of which our leaders can ignore neither the terms nor the commitments. May
881:
as the first duke. Straddling the Alps, Savoy lay within two competing spheres of influence, a French sphere and a North
Italian one. At the time of the Renaissance, Savoy showed only modest development. Its towns were few and small. Savoy derived its subsistence from agriculture. The geographic
975:
Two-thirds of Savoy was restored to the
Kingdom of Sardinia in the First Restoration of 1814 following Napoleon's abdication; approximately one-third of Savoy, including the two most important cities of Chambéry and Annecy, remained in France. Following Napoleon's brief return to power during the
1816:
PRO 30/22/98 Austria. Vol 1. Legation (from Nov. 1860) embassy in Vienna. Private correspondence (drafts). Lord John (earl from 1861) Russell, foreign secretary to Hon. Julian Fane, legation later embassy secretary; Lord
Augustus Loftus, envoy; Lord Bloomfield, ambassador. Document conserved at
1084:
I leave you to draw your own conclusions from this trip, which will show clearly what the vote was in this part of Savoy. The vote was the bitterest irony ever made on popular suffrage. The ballot-box in the hands of those very authorities who issued the proclamations; no control possible; even
419:
886:
between France and Spain over the control of northern Italy, Savoy was important to France because it provided access to Italy. Savoy was important to Spain because it served as a buffer between France and the
Spanish held lands in Italy. In 1563
1357:, qualifies the vote as Napoleonic, but also argues that a completely free and fair vote would not have dramatically changed the outcome, as the majority of Savoyards wished to become French. This is today the official stance of the
1100:
The annexation was promulgated on 14 June 1860. On 23 August 1860 and 7 March 1861, two agreements were signed between the Second French Empire and the
Kingdom of Sardinia to settle the remaining issues concerning the annexation.
1333:
According to surveys conducted in 2000, between 41% and 55% of the population were in favour of the proposal for a separate Savoy region, while 19% to 23% were in favour of separation from France. Towards the end of 2005,
1867:
Convention de délimitation entre la France et la Sardaigne, conclue a Turin le 7 mars 1861. G.Fr.de Martens, Nouveau Recueil Général de Traités et autre actes relatifs aux rapports de droit international, t. XVII, p.406
1170:
2022:
1326:, founded in 1994. In the March 1998 regional elections, 1 seat (out of 23) was won by Patrice Abeille, leader of the Ligue, which won a total of 17,865 votes across the two departments. In 2004,
1229:(Incorporation of Savoy to France). It was the latter term which was used by the French authorities during the festivities celebrating the 100th anniversary of the annexation. Daniel Rops of the
1278:(Savoy Regional Movement) was founded in December 1971 as a 'movement' (rather than a traditional political party) in favour of regional autonomy. Unlike other historic provinces, including
1138:
1844:
2004:
1800:
1190:
646:, a region in northwestern Italy that borders Savoy, which were also possessions of the House of Savoy. The capital of the Duchy remained at the traditional Savoyard capital of
2075:
1922:
1695:
1206:
In 1919, contrary to the annexation treaty, France officially ended the military neutrality of the parts of the country of Savoy that had originally been agreed to at the
1294:
region. In the 1996 local elections, the Savoy Regional Movement received 19,434 votes; it received 4,849 in the 1998 regional elections. A new non-party organisation,
2172:
1218:. France was condemned in 1932 by the international court for noncompliance with the measures of the Treaty of Turin regarding the provinces of Savoy and Nice.
1090:
1054:
was held on 22–23 April. Employing universal male suffrage, voters in the ceded provinces were offered the option of voting "Yes" to approve the treaty and join
840:
1302:), was founded in 1998. The organisation campaigns for the replacement of the Savoie and Haute-Savoie departments with a regional government, separate from the
1080:
on 22 April called the vote "the lowest and most immoral farce(s) which was ever played in the history of nations". He finished his letter with those words:
462:
during the 11th to 14th centuries. The original territory, also known as "ducal Savoy" or "Savoy proper", is largely co-terminous with the modern French
2068:
1384:
2245:
1746:
2001:
1985:
1797:
1066:, or regaining its independence, were the source of some opposition. With a 99.8% vote in favour of joining France, there were allegations of
2061:
1225:
having acquired negative connotations in France, particularly after Germany's 1871 annexation of Alsace-Lorraine, the annexation was renamed
1899:
1715:
1158:
1895:
La vérité sur la zone franche de la Haute-Savoie, F.Murullaz. Bulletin de l'académie chablaisienne 1915–1916 Séance du 8 Novembre 1915
1966:
1919:
1681:
1520:
1070:, notably by the British government, which opposed continental expansion by its traditional French enemy. The correspondent of
1258:). Incorporation, not annexation The incorporation was an act of free will, in the logical order of geography and history .
1872:
1272:
Since the mid-20th century, regionalist movements have appeared in Savoy much as in other historic provinces of France. The
1766:
1338:
called for Savoie to be given special status, similar to a French region, under his proposed "Conseil des Pays de Savoie".
786:
1789:
533:
region. Following its annexation to France in 1860, the territory of Savoy was divided administratively into two separate
2109:
977:
929:
2049:
The History of the Annexation of Savoy and Nice to France according to the United Kingdom, Switzerland and the others
888:
932:
from 1720. While the heads of the House of Savoy were known as the Kings of Sardinia, Turin remained their capital.
2444:
1821:
2213:
1572:
2439:
2235:
1739:
1113:
1094:
1020:
820:
143:
2203:
2044:
Francia Media: a territorial and genealogical disambiguation of Lorraine and Burgundy, with a section on Savoy
913:
870:
251:
1743:
355:
347:
113:
1552:
177:
2558:
341:
317:
1349:
1320:
movement has also appeared in Savoy within the past twenty years, most prominently represented by the
1274:
1524:
1306:
976:
Hundred Days and subsequent defeat at Waterloo, the remaining one-third of Savoy was restored to the
949:
801:
710:, or upland, forest. The word is likely ultimately from Gaulish – sapin itself is a blend of Gaulish
2414:
2161:
1982:
1943:
1237:
Savoy has begun to solemnize the feasts in 1960, commemorating the centenary of its incorporation (
1077:
601:
2553:
1413:
The territory, which has no modern counterpart, was perhaps bounded by the rivers Ain and Rhône,
1230:
1058:
or voting "No" and rejecting the treaty. Voters were not permitted the options of either joining
953:
729:
621:
584:
Savoie Propre, sometimes known as Ducal Savoy (capital Chambéry, and the shire Chambéry-Le-Vieux)
1893:
1303:
1291:
1105:
1012:
530:
486:
2522:
2364:
1358:
1177:
1047:
1004:
909:
in 1536, and Savoy officially ceded Vaud to Bern in the Treaty of Lausanne of 30 October 1564.
800:
From the 10th to 14th century, parts of what would ultimately become Savoy remained within the
20:
2136:
1417:, the Jura and the Aar, though historians differ, and there seems to be insufficient evidence.
1196:
The Château de Chambéry, seat of government, was given a grand new façade following annexation
2359:
2182:
1596:
1394:
878:
534:
323:
2147:
957:
1040:
719:
490:
333:
268:
969:
8:
2548:
2140:
1963:
1354:
1117:
1116:(Prime Minister of Sardinia at that time) that allowed the final steps in the process of
1032:
1016:
998:
790:
674:
627:
611:
2349:
2228:
1503:
1455:
1207:
981:
99:
1097:, said, "Voting in Savoy and Nice a farce ... we are neither entertained or edified".
952:
between 1792 and 1815. The entire region was first created to form the département of
2409:
2384:
2126:
1379:
1322:
1287:
961:
917:
765:
By the 8th century, the territory that would later become known as Savoy was part of
2053:
19:
This article is about the eponymous cultural-historical region. For other uses, see
2501:
2394:
2374:
2314:
1557:
1544:
1498:
Jack D. Street. "The Independence of Savoy and the Autonomy of the Valle d'Aosta",
1046:
The treaty annexing Nice and Savoy to France was signed in Turin on 24 March 1860 (
828:
770:
659:
591:
553:
380:
181:
82:
52:
1335:
2399:
2354:
2243:
2178:
2157:
2048:
2008:
1989:
1970:
1926:
1865:
1837:
1825:
1804:
1793:
1750:
1211:
1028:
906:
809:
752:
739:
were settled in the territory of Sapaudia in 443, after the Burgundian defeat by
455:
412:
404:
187:
67:
1786:
1763:"Traité de Turin, Signé à Turin le 24 mars 1860 entre la France et la Sardaigne"
1762:
1590:
2543:
2475:
2419:
2369:
2193:
2151:
2130:
2119:
2088:
1374:
1129:
1120:. Victor Emmanuel's dynasty, the House of Savoy, retained its Italian lands of
1036:
874:
856:
844:
824:
805:
774:
740:
690:
669:
502:
474:
459:
2537:
2319:
2221:
2115:
836:
105:
1476:
2379:
2294:
2084:
1389:
1109:
1067:
1024:
965:
883:
542:
522:
467:
445:
425:
28:
984:
to strengthen Sardinia as a buffer state on France's southeastern border.
2264:
1414:
1215:
1149:
1089:
In his letter to the ambassador of Vienna Lord Augustus Loftus, the then–
1059:
956:. In 1798, it was then divided between the departments of Mont-Blanc and
782:
736:
518:
482:
437:
1145:
1043:. Though this was a secret arrangement, it quickly became widely known.
892:
647:
607:
557:
549:
441:
154:
2389:
2309:
2259:
2043:
1317:
1310:
1181:
1051:
793:. This latter territory comprised what would become known as Savoy and
698:
682:
264:
134:
1818:
1507:
1330:
was founded to promote the peaceful separatist cause to young people.
1035:. During the discussion, Cavour promised that Sardinia would cede the
2470:
1072:
778:
617:
452:
429:
16:
Cultural-historical region in west-central Europe, now part of France
2465:
2460:
2324:
2105:
1690:
1283:
1279:
1121:
925:
794:
702:
643:
597:
587:
494:
433:
1164:
Map of Savoy in the 19th century and other Italian states in 1843.
964:. On 13 September 1793 the combined forces of Savoy, Piedmont and
944:
Map of Savoy in the 18th century and other Italian states in 1796.
804:. Beginning in the 11th century, the gradual rise to power of the
2480:
2404:
2304:
2284:
2279:
2168:
1920:
La Savoie au miroir du Centenaire de son Rattachement à la France
1125:
960:(French name of Lake Geneva). In 1801, Savoy officially left the
921:
766:
724:
498:
197:
2092:
865:
Map of Savoy in the 16th century. White lines are modern borders
493:
ceded western Savoy to France, while the eastern territories in
2434:
2299:
2289:
2274:
2269:
2189:
2035:
2023:
Universal Suffrage under Napoleon III by Adams, Charles Kendall
1612:
Recherches sur l'Histoire de Lyon du Ve au IXe Siècle (450–800)
1362:
1249:
A former French deputy, P. Taponnier, spoke of the annexation:
1055:
832:
631:
577:
573:
569:
565:
538:
473:, but the historical expansion of Savoyard territories, as the
463:
164:
24:
1444:
Sapaudia Burgundionum reliquiis datur cum indigenis dividenda.
968:
fought against and lost to the occupying French forces at the
882:
location of Savoy was also of military importance. During the
789:, and the parts of Burgundy in the Western Alps, inherited by
513:
395:
2424:
2027:
1063:
940:
896:
757:
686:
639:
561:
501:
were retained by the House of Savoy, which was to become the
478:
1589:
485:. The current border between France and Italy is due to the
2517:
2429:
1385:
List of active separatist movements in Europe § France
1241:) to France. It is on purpose that the word incorporation (
1176:
French annexation in 1860 (black) after the signing of the
902:
386:
2002:
Savoie Française: Sylvain Milbach: "Le 'oui' était acquis"
1214:– both treaty articles having been broken unofficially in
861:
707:
23:. For the two French departments in the same region, see
1939:
477:(1416–1860) included parts of what is now western
2334:
1658:(Harper & Bros. Publishers: New York, 1960) p. 42.
761:
Duchy of Savoy (red) and other Italian states in 1494.
2083:
797:. For a short time, this province fell to the Arabs.
773:
in 843, it became part of the short-lived kingdom of
383:
1578:. Weil, Alethea. Putnam, New York (1898), Intro. p.1
899:, which was less vulnerable to French interference.
392:
1341:
835:except for the city proper, which was ruled by its
389:
808:is reflected in the increasing territory of their
1019:, the prime minister of the Kingdom of Sardinia,
2535:
1742:, address to the House of Common, July 5, 1861,
2246:Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
1671:(The MacMillan Company: New York, 1971) p. 18.
1267:
1027:to secure French military support against the
2229:
2069:
1184:in favor of the attachment to France (French)
1008:Five Frenchmen were killed and 800 captured.
746:
74:
44:
935:
428:. Situated on the cultural boundary between
59:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1640:
638:The County and Duchy of Savoy incorporated
2236:
2222:
2076:
2062:
1587:
1233:justified the new title with these words:
916:, Savoy was technically subsumed into the
873:, made the County of Savoy an independent
142:
1454:See the career of the last prince-bishop
1031:during the conflicts associated with the
424:) is a cultural-historical region in the
1637:
1610:Norman H. Baynes, reviewing A. Coville,
1286:, Savoy does not currently have its own
939:
920:, then (after that island was traded to
860:
781:in 855, Middle Francia was divided into
769:, and at the division of Francia at the
756:
722:(354), to describe the southern part of
668:
650:until 1563, when it was moved to Turin.
512:
2502:District of Columbia (Washington, D.C.)
1992:, Archives Départementales de la Savoie
992:
843:, by unspoken agreement, came from the
839:, nominally under the duke's rule: the
777:. After only 12 years, at the death of
576:of the House of Savoy and the Savoyard
529:In modern France, Savoy is part of the
2536:
1551:
1502:, Vol 71, No 3, Feb. 1998, pp 396–404
1353:, Sylvain Milbach, a historian at the
1108:) brokered between the French emperor
489:of 1858, which in preparation for the
293:10,416 km (4,022 sq mi)
2217:
2057:
1521:"Savoy on www.oxforddictionaries.com"
1227:Rattachement de la Savoie à la France
1104:This was part of a secret agreement (
718:(pine tree). It is first recorded in
411:
211:Savoyan (historic; nowadays obsolete)
1744:HC Deb 05 July 1861 vol 164 cc436-61
1600:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
673:Sapaudia in 443 (dark green) in the
580:. The state included six districts:
1840:international, t. XVII, p.460 (pdf)
1656:The Renaissance and the Reformation
1152:celebrating the annexation in 1860.
13:
1621:No. 179 (July 1930:470 474) p 471.
1475:which could be reminiscent of the
1296:La Région Savoie, j’y crois !
208:Savoisian (used before annexation)
14:
2570:
2016:
1588:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913).
1574:The Romance of the House of Savoy
1471:(incorporation) was preferred to
1290:within France and is part of the
987:
912:In 1714, as a consequence of the
850:
815:The County of Savoy was detached
444:in the south and west and to the
205:Savoyard (in common use nowadays)
2333:
2202:
2188:
2177:
2167:
2156:
2146:
2135:
2125:
2114:
2104:
2091:
1342:Modern historiographical debates
1189:
1169:
1157:
1137:
664:
548:The traditional capital remains
379:
112:
98:
1995:
1976:
1957:
1946:from the original on 2006-08-30
1932:
1913:
1902:from the original on 2021-05-07
1886:
1875:from the original on 2021-05-07
1858:
1847:from the original on 2021-05-29
1830:
1810:
1780:
1769:from the original on 2016-03-03
1755:
1733:
1720:
1709:
1698:from the original on 2020-07-30
1674:
1661:
1461:
1448:
1437:
1201:
827:in 1388, and in 1401 added the
681:The region was occupied by the
1940:"Waiting for Freedom in Savoy"
1740:John Russell, 1st Earl Russell
1669:The Fall of the House of Savoy
1624:
1604:
1581:
1566:
1538:
1513:
1492:
1420:
1407:
1300:I believe in the Savoy Region!
1021:Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour
821:Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor
1:
1983:1860, La Savoie de l'Annexion
1616:The English Historical Review
1486:
914:War of the Spanish Succession
871:Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor
819:from the Kingdom of Arles by
693:subdued in 121 BC. The name
250:• Promotion to Duchy by
130: Le Chant des Allobroges
1730:(Basic Books, 2010), 115–16.
1328:Waiting for Freedom in Savoy
508:
240:• Foundation of County
7:
1898:. Oxford University. 1815.
1871:. Oxford University. 1843.
1843:. Oxford University. 1843.
1798:Universal Suffrage In Savoy
1368:
1268:Modern regionalist politics
1262:
950:French revolutionary forces
564:: Camberia), on the rivers
10:
2575:
1210:, and also eliminated the
1039:and Duchy of Savoy to the
996:
854:
750:
747:Early and High Middle Ages
657:
653:
222:Sovereign Senate of Savoy
18:
2510:
2494:
2453:
2342:
2331:
2252:
2200:
2100:
936:French Revolutionary Wars
823:in 1361. It acquired the
802:Kingdom of Burgundy-Arles
642:and other territories in
364:
354:
330:
312:
302:
297:
287:
282:
278:
261:
248:
238:
234:
229:
218:
196:
170:
160:
150:
141:
126:
94:
36:
2162:Principality of Piedmont
1728:1848: Year of Revolution
1716:Heiliges Römisches Reich
1400:
1106:the Plombières Agreement
436:, the area extends from
2173:Principality of Oneglia
1684:Le nom des départements
1548:
1434:signifies "fir forest".
1275:Mouvement Région Savoie
1130:ruling dynasty of Italy
891:moved the capital from
812:between 1003 and 1416.
787:Italy south of the Alps
622:Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne
503:ruling dynasty of Italy
304:• 2020 census
45:
2365:Chittagong Hill Tracts
1260:
1247:
1087:
1005:French Second Republic
948:Savoy was occupied by
945:
866:
762:
678:
526:
408:
75:
60:
21:Savoy (disambiguation)
2183:Marquisate of Saluzzo
2028:Savoy Region Movement
1819:The National Archives
1749:13 March 2017 at the
1597:Catholic Encyclopedia
1395:Maurice-Mollard Plaza
1251:
1235:
1082:
1023:, met in secret with
943:
864:
760:
751:Further information:
714:(fir tree) and Latin
672:
516:
451:Savoy emerged as the
171:Common languages
1765:. mjp.univ-perp.fr.
1694:. 11 December 1999.
1510:accessed 4 Oct 2008.
1304:Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
1292:Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
1118:unification of Italy
1076:in Savoy who was in
1041:Second French Empire
1013:Plombières-les-Bains
993:Annexation to France
869:On 19 February 1416
720:Ammianus Marcellinus
531:Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
517:Alpine landscape of
491:unification of Italy
487:Plombières Agreement
440:in the north to the
332:• Summer (
2410:Southern Azerbaijan
2141:Duchy of Montferrat
2110:Kingdom of Sardinia
1929:, Lacharme Amandine
1355:University of Savoy
1033:Italian unification
1011:On 21 July 1858 in
999:Annexation of Savoy
978:Kingdom of Sardinia
930:Kingdom of Sardinia
791:Charles of Provence
785:north of the Alps,
728:. According to the
675:Kingdom of Burgundy
224:(dissolved in 1860)
2559:Historical regions
2007:2009-04-24 at the
1988:2016-03-03 at the
1969:2007-03-16 at the
1925:2007-09-29 at the
1824:2010-10-10 at the
1803:2010-09-20 at the
1796:, April 28, 1860,
1792:2008-10-06 at the
1456:Pierre de La Baume
1350:Le Dauphiné Libéré
1221:In 1960, the term
1208:Congress of Vienna
982:Congress of Vienna
946:
889:Emmanuel Philibert
867:
763:
679:
527:
2531:
2530:
2420:Southern Mongolia
2385:Iranian Kurdistan
2211:
2210:
2036:Ligue Savoisienne
1500:The French Review
1380:Italian Savoyards
1323:Ligue Savoisienne
1114:Camillo of Cavour
1095:Lord John Russell
1091:Foreign Secretary
1062:, remaining with
970:Battle of Méribel
962:Holy Roman Empire
918:Kingdom of Sicily
884:interminable wars
841:bishops of Geneva
725:Maxima Sequanorum
706:, referring to a
481:and southwestern
372:
371:
257:February 19, 1416
252:Emperor Sigismund
225:
2566:
2445:West Balochistan
2375:Gilgit Baltistan
2337:
2315:Western Togoland
2305:Rehoboth Basters
2238:
2231:
2224:
2215:
2214:
2206:
2192:
2181:
2171:
2160:
2150:
2139:
2129:
2118:
2108:
2095:
2078:
2071:
2064:
2055:
2054:
2040:
2032:
2011:
1999:
1993:
1980:
1974:
1961:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1951:
1936:
1930:
1917:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1907:
1890:
1884:
1883:
1881:
1880:
1862:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1852:
1834:
1828:
1814:
1808:
1784:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1774:
1759:
1753:
1737:
1731:
1724:
1718:
1713:
1707:
1706:
1704:
1703:
1678:
1672:
1665:
1659:
1654:Henry S. Lucas,
1652:
1635:
1628:
1622:
1608:
1602:
1601:
1593:
1585:
1579:
1570:
1564:
1555:
1553:[saˈvwɛ]
1542:
1536:
1535:
1533:
1532:
1523:. Archived from
1517:
1511:
1496:
1480:
1465:
1459:
1452:
1446:
1441:
1435:
1424:
1418:
1411:
1316:A very marginal
1193:
1173:
1161:
1141:
829:County of Geneva
771:Treaty of Verdun
731:Chronica Gallica
689:people that the
660:History of Savoy
592:Thonon-les-Bains
423:
422:
421:
415:
402:
401:
398:
397:
394:
391:
388:
385:
345:
321:
223:
182:Savoyard dialect
178:Franco-provençal
146:
133:The Song of the
116:
102:
86:
78:
71:
63:
56:
48:
34:
33:
2574:
2573:
2569:
2568:
2567:
2565:
2564:
2563:
2534:
2533:
2532:
2527:
2506:
2490:
2449:
2338:
2329:
2248:
2244:Members of the
2242:
2212:
2207:
2198:
2185:
2164:
2143:
2122:
2096:
2082:
2038:
2030:
2019:
2014:
2009:Wayback Machine
2000:
1996:
1990:Wayback Machine
1981:
1977:
1971:Wayback Machine
1962:
1958:
1949:
1947:
1938:
1937:
1933:
1927:Wayback Machine
1918:
1914:
1905:
1903:
1892:
1891:
1887:
1878:
1876:
1864:
1863:
1859:
1850:
1848:
1836:
1835:
1831:
1826:Wayback Machine
1815:
1811:
1805:Wayback Machine
1794:Wayback Machine
1785:
1781:
1772:
1770:
1761:
1760:
1756:
1751:Wayback Machine
1738:
1734:
1725:
1721:
1714:
1710:
1701:
1699:
1680:
1679:
1675:
1666:
1662:
1653:
1638:
1632:Chronica Minora
1629:
1625:
1609:
1605:
1586:
1582:
1571:
1567:
1543:
1539:
1530:
1528:
1519:
1518:
1514:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1484:
1483:
1466:
1462:
1453:
1449:
1442:
1438:
1425:
1421:
1412:
1408:
1403:
1371:
1359:General Council
1344:
1311:devolved powers
1309:, with greater
1270:
1265:
1212:free trade zone
1204:
1197:
1194:
1185:
1180:and a regional
1178:Treaty of Turin
1174:
1165:
1162:
1153:
1142:
1128:and became the
1048:Treaty of Turin
1029:Austrian Empire
1001:
995:
990:
938:
905:was annexed by
859:
853:
810:County of Savoy
755:
753:County of Savoy
749:
697:stems from the
667:
662:
656:
521:, as seen from
511:
456:County of Savoy
417:
416:
413:[savwa]
382:
378:
340:
337:
316:
305:
290:
271:
254:
241:
214:
192:
131:
122:
121:
120:
117:
109:
108:
103:
90:
89:
80:
65:
50:
39:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2572:
2562:
2561:
2556:
2554:Duchy of Savoy
2551:
2546:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2525:
2520:
2514:
2512:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2504:
2498:
2496:
2492:
2491:
2489:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2476:Crimean Tatars
2473:
2468:
2463:
2457:
2455:
2451:
2450:
2448:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2415:South Moluccas
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2370:East Turkestan
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2346:
2344:
2340:
2339:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2256:
2254:
2250:
2249:
2241:
2240:
2233:
2226:
2218:
2209:
2208:
2201:
2199:
2197:
2196:
2194:County of Nice
2186:
2175:
2165:
2154:
2152:Duchy of Genoa
2144:
2133:
2131:Duchy of Aosta
2123:
2120:Duchy of Savoy
2112:
2101:
2098:
2097:
2089:House of Savoy
2081:
2080:
2073:
2066:
2058:
2052:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2033:
2025:
2018:
2017:External links
2015:
2013:
2012:
1994:
1975:
1956:
1931:
1912:
1885:
1857:
1829:
1809:
1779:
1754:
1732:
1726:Mike Rapport,
1719:
1708:
1673:
1660:
1636:
1623:
1603:
1580:
1565:
1537:
1512:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1482:
1481:
1460:
1447:
1436:
1426:Modern French
1419:
1405:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1398:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1375:House of Savoy
1370:
1367:
1343:
1340:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1231:French Academy
1203:
1200:
1199:
1198:
1195:
1188:
1186:
1175:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1156:
1154:
1143:
1136:
1112:and the Count
1037:County of Nice
997:Main article:
994:
991:
989:
988:Modern history
986:
972:(Sallanches).
937:
934:
857:Duchy of Savoy
855:Main article:
852:
851:Duchy of Savoy
849:
845:House of Savoy
831:, the area of
825:County of Nice
806:House of Savoy
775:Middle Francia
748:
745:
741:Flavius Aetius
691:Roman Republic
677:(light green).
666:
663:
658:Main article:
655:
652:
636:
635:
625:
615:
605:
595:
585:
572:, hosting the
510:
507:
475:Duchy of Savoy
460:House of Savoy
370:
369:
366:
362:
361:
358:
352:
351:
338:
331:
328:
327:
314:
310:
309:
306:
303:
300:
299:
295:
294:
291:
288:
285:
284:
280:
279:
276:
275:
272:
262:
259:
258:
255:
249:
246:
245:
242:
239:
236:
235:
232:
231:
227:
226:
220:
216:
215:
213:
212:
209:
206:
202:
200:
194:
193:
191:
190:
185:
174:
172:
168:
167:
162:
158:
157:
152:
148:
147:
139:
138:
124:
123:
118:
111:
110:
104:
97:
96:
95:
92:
91:
88:
87:
72:
57:
41:
40:
37:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2571:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2515:
2513:
2509:
2503:
2500:
2499:
2497:
2495:North America
2493:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2458:
2456:
2452:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2341:
2336:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2270:Bellah people
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2257:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2239:
2234:
2232:
2227:
2225:
2220:
2219:
2216:
2205:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2102:
2099:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2079:
2074:
2072:
2067:
2065:
2060:
2059:
2056:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2037:
2034:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2020:
2010:
2006:
2003:
1998:
1991:
1987:
1984:
1979:
1972:
1968:
1965:
1964:Région Savoie
1960:
1945:
1941:
1935:
1928:
1924:
1921:
1916:
1901:
1897:
1896:
1889:
1874:
1870:
1869:
1861:
1846:
1842:
1841:
1833:
1827:
1823:
1820:
1813:
1806:
1802:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1788:
1783:
1768:
1764:
1758:
1752:
1748:
1745:
1741:
1736:
1729:
1723:
1717:
1712:
1697:
1693:
1692:
1687:
1685:
1677:
1670:
1667:Robert Katz,
1664:
1657:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1633:
1627:
1620:
1617:
1613:
1607:
1599:
1598:
1592:
1591:"Savoy"
1584:
1577:
1575:
1569:
1563:
1559:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1541:
1527:on 2018-12-25
1526:
1522:
1516:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1495:
1491:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1464:
1457:
1451:
1445:
1440:
1433:
1429:
1423:
1416:
1410:
1406:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1366:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1351:
1339:
1337:
1336:Hervé Gaymard
1331:
1329:
1325:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1312:
1308:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1276:
1259:
1257:
1250:
1246:
1244:
1240:
1234:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1219:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1192:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1172:
1167:
1160:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1140:
1135:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1102:
1098:
1096:
1092:
1086:
1081:
1079:
1075:
1074:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1044:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1009:
1006:
1000:
985:
983:
979:
973:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
942:
933:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
910:
908:
904:
900:
898:
894:
890:
885:
880:
876:
872:
863:
858:
848:
846:
842:
838:
837:prince-bishop
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
813:
811:
807:
803:
798:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
759:
754:
744:
742:
738:
734:
732:
727:
726:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
676:
671:
665:Early history
661:
651:
649:
645:
641:
633:
629:
626:
623:
619:
616:
613:
609:
606:
603:
599:
596:
593:
589:
586:
583:
582:
581:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
546:
544:
540:
536:
532:
524:
520:
515:
506:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
469:
465:
461:
458:ruled by the
457:
454:
449:
448:in the east.
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
420:
414:
410:
406:
400:
376:
367:
363:
359:
357:
353:
349:
343:
339:
335:
329:
325:
319:
315:
311:
307:
301:
296:
292:
286:
281:
277:
274:June 14, 1860
273:
270:
266:
260:
256:
253:
247:
243:
237:
233:
230:Establishment
228:
221:
217:
210:
207:
204:
203:
201:
199:
195:
189:
186:
183:
179:
176:
175:
173:
169:
166:
163:
159:
156:
153:
149:
145:
140:
137:
136:
129:
125:
115:
107:
101:
93:
84:
77:
73:
69:
62:
58:
54:
47:
43:
42:
35:
30:
26:
22:
2523:West Papuans
2485:
2039:(in English)
1997:
1978:
1959:
1948:. Retrieved
1934:
1915:
1904:. Retrieved
1894:
1888:
1877:. Retrieved
1866:
1860:
1849:. Retrieved
1838:
1832:
1812:
1782:
1771:. Retrieved
1757:
1735:
1727:
1722:
1711:
1700:. Retrieved
1689:
1683:
1676:
1668:
1663:
1655:
1634:II:660, 128.
1631:
1630:T. Mommsen,
1626:
1618:
1615:
1611:
1606:
1595:
1583:
1573:
1568:
1561:
1540:
1529:. Retrieved
1525:the original
1515:
1499:
1494:
1472:
1469:rattachement
1468:
1463:
1450:
1443:
1439:
1431:
1427:
1422:
1409:
1390:Savoy States
1348:
1345:
1332:
1327:
1321:
1315:
1299:
1295:
1273:
1271:
1256:rattachement
1255:
1252:
1248:
1243:rattachement
1242:
1239:rattachement
1238:
1236:
1226:
1222:
1220:
1205:
1202:20th century
1150:French flags
1110:Napoleon III
1103:
1099:
1088:
1083:
1071:
1068:vote-rigging
1045:
1025:Napoleon III
1010:
1002:
974:
966:Aosta Valley
947:
911:
901:
879:Amadeus VIII
868:
847:until 1533.
816:
814:
799:
764:
730:
723:
715:
711:
701:
694:
680:
637:
547:
543:Haute-Savoie
528:
523:Mont Bisanne
471:départements
470:
468:Haute-Savoie
450:
446:Aosta Valley
426:Western Alps
374:
373:
365:Calling code
289:• Total
161:Largest city
132:
127:
119:Coat of arms
29:Haute-Savoie
2360:Balochistan
2265:Barotseland
2031:(in French)
1415:Lake Geneva
1216:World War I
1060:Switzerland
783:Lotharingia
737:Burgundians
535:departments
519:Les Saisies
483:Switzerland
438:Lake Geneva
219:Legislature
2549:Allobroges
2538:Categories
2395:Khuzestani
2390:Khmer Krom
2310:Somaliland
2260:Afrikaners
1950:2007-01-04
1906:2010-01-01
1879:2010-01-01
1851:2010-01-01
1773:2010-01-01
1702:2018-12-26
1531:2014-02-16
1487:References
1318:separatist
1223:annexation
1182:referendum
1144:People of
1078:Bonneville
1052:plebiscite
954:Mont-Blanc
699:Late Latin
683:Allobroges
608:Tarentaise
602:Bonneville
298:Population
265:Annexation
198:Demonym(s)
135:Allobroges
2471:Catalonia
1787:The Times
1477:Anschluss
1467:The word
1432:sapinière
1073:The Times
779:Lothair I
630:(capital
620:(capital
618:Maurienne
610:(capital
600:(capital
590:(capital
560:from the
509:Geography
430:Occitania
356:Drives on
313:Time zone
308:1,274,956
2466:Brittany
2461:Abkhazia
2325:Zambesia
2005:Archived
1986:Archived
1967:Archived
1944:Archived
1923:Archived
1900:Archived
1873:Archived
1845:Archived
1822:Archived
1801:Archived
1790:Archived
1767:Archived
1747:Archived
1696:Archived
1691:Le Monde
1369:See also
1284:Brittany
1280:Normandy
1263:Politics
1146:Chambéry
1122:Piedmont
926:Sardinia
893:Chambéry
795:Provence
703:Sapaudia
648:Chambéry
644:Piedmont
628:Genevois
612:Moûtiers
598:Faucigny
588:Chablais
558:Ciamberì
550:Chambéry
495:Piedmont
442:Dauphiné
434:Piedmont
155:Chambéry
2511:Oceania
2481:Lezghin
2405:Nagalim
2400:Madhesh
2355:Assyria
2285:Kabylia
2280:Haratin
2087:of the
1576:(Vol.1)
1558:Italian
1545:Arpitan
1473:réunion
1126:Liguria
980:at the
922:Austria
877:, with
817:de jure
767:Francia
654:History
554:Italian
499:Liguria
263:•
151:Capital
128:Anthem:
83:Italian
53:Arpitan
2454:Europe
2435:Taiwan
2320:Yoruba
2290:Ogaden
2275:Biafra
2253:Africa
2085:States
1562:Savoia
1549:Savouè
1508:398970
1506:
1363:Savoie
1307:region
1288:region
1056:France
1017:Vosges
928:) the
833:Geneva
735:, the
733:of 452
712:sappos
687:Gallic
632:Annecy
578:senate
574:castle
570:Albane
566:Leysse
539:Savoie
464:Savoie
453:feudal
409:Savoie
405:French
269:France
188:French
165:Annecy
79:
76:Savoia
68:French
64:
61:Savoie
49:
46:Savouè
25:Savoie
2544:Savoy
2486:Savoy
2440:Tibet
2425:Sindh
2380:Hmong
2300:Oromo
2295:Ogoni
1868:(pdf)
1504:JSTOR
1428:sapin
1401:Notes
1148:with
1064:Italy
958:Léman
897:Turin
875:duchy
716:pinus
695:Savoy
640:Turin
562:Latin
479:Italy
375:Savoy
360:right
38:Savoy
2518:Guam
2430:Sulu
2350:Aceh
2343:Asia
1282:and
1124:and
1003:The
924:for
907:Bern
903:Vaud
685:, a
568:and
552:(in
541:and
497:and
466:and
432:and
348:CEST
283:Area
244:1003
106:Flag
27:and
1614:in
1361:of
895:to
708:fir
342:UTC
334:DST
324:CET
318:UTC
267:by
2540::
1942:.
1688:.
1639:^
1619:45
1594:.
1560::
1556:;
1547::
1430:;
1365:.
1313:.
1132:.
1093:,
1015:,
743:.
556::
545:.
537:,
505:.
407::
403:;
396:ɔɪ
368:33
344:+2
320:+1
2237:e
2230:t
2223:v
2077:e
2070:t
2063:v
1973:.
1953:.
1909:.
1882:.
1854:.
1807:.
1776:.
1705:.
1686:"
1682:"
1534:.
1479:.
1458:.
1298:(
634:)
624:)
614:)
604:)
594:)
525:.
399:/
393:v
390:ˈ
387:ə
384:s
381:/
377:(
350:)
346:(
336:)
326:)
322:(
184:)
180:(
85:)
81:(
70:)
66:(
55:)
51:(
31:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.svg)