548:
536:
51:
731:
744:
258:
100:
512:
472:
524:
75:
786:
as "ormerly a forest tree, now abundant as a weed-tree of roadsides, waste land, and forest-margins". It is a moderately long-lived tree, with ages of up to 258 years known, though it is prone to storm damage, with branches breaking easily; any decay resulting, however, only progresses slowly. Fruit
443:
are 5–13 centimetres (2–5 inches) long, ovate-lanceolate in shape, with finely toothed margins. Fall leaf color is yellow to red. Flowers are small, white and 5-petalled, in racemes 10–15 cm (4–6 in) long which contain several dozen flowers. The flowers give rise to reddish-black "berries"
601:
The foliage, particularly when wilted, also contains cyanogenic glycosides, which convert to hydrogen cyanide if eaten by animals. Farmers are recommended to remove any trees that fall in a field containing livestock, because the wilted leaves could poison the animals. Removal is not always
787:
production begins around 10 years of age, but does not become heavy until 30 years and continues up to 100 years or more. Germination rates are high, and the seeds are widely dispersed by birds and bears who eat the fruit and then excrete them. Some seeds however may remain in the
1410:
878:
timber of the U.S., traded as "cherry". High quality cherry timber is known for its strong orange hues, tight grain and high price. Low-quality wood, as well as the sap wood, can be more tan. Its density when dried is around 560 kg/m
606:
can be lined with this poisonous tree, making it difficult to monitor all the branches falling into the grazing area. Black cherry is a leading cause of livestock illness, and grazing animals' access to it should be limited.
1880:
Starfinger U. 1997. Introduction and naturalization of Prunus serotina in
Central Europe. In: "Plant Invasions: Studies from North America and Europe" (eds by J.H. Brock, M. Wade, P.Pysek, D. Green). Backhuys Publ. Leiden:
864:
epithet), it was an important food in pre-Columbian Mexico. Native
Americans ate the fruit. Edible raw, the fruit is also made into jelly, and the juice can be used as a drink mixer, hence the common name 'rum cherry'.
1347:
Morales Quirós, J. F. 2014. Rosaceae. En: Manual de
Plantas de Costa Rica. Vol. VII. B.E. Hammel, M.H. Grayum, C. Herrera & N. Zamora (eds.). Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 129:
1414:
1357:
Jørgensen, P. M., M. H. Nee & S. G. Beck. (eds.) 2014. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de
Bolivia, Monographs in systematic botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 127(1–2): i–viii, 1–1744.
1694:
Gleason, Henry A. and Arthur
Cronquist. 1991. "Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada, Second Edition." The New York Botanical Garden. Bronx, New York.
598:. In contrast, although the flesh of black cherries also contains these glycosides, it does not contain the enzymes needed to convert them to cyanide, so the flesh is safe to eat.
547:
1855:
1525:
Yemm RS, Poulton JE (June 1986). "Isolation and characterization of multiple forms of mandelonitrile lyase from mature black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.) seeds".
1154:
602:
practical, though, because these trees often grow in very large numbers on farms, taking advantage of the light brought about by mowing and grazing. Entire
1927:
2597:
1107:
Wen, Jun; Berggren, Scott T.; Lee, Chung-Hee; Ickert-Bond, Stefanie; Yi, Ting-Shuang; Yoo, Ki-Oug; Xie, Lei; Shaw, Joey; Potter, Dan (2008-05-18).
804:
2251:
2577:
2582:
2352:
2602:
2537:
1732:
2587:
2562:
2592:
2437:
2370:
2199:
2277:
2212:
2388:
1867:
2318:
1367:
1018:
2416:
494:'s. An almond-like odour is released when a young twig is scratched and held close to the nose, revealing minute amounts of
2282:
2567:
2552:
2163:
535:
2572:
1815:
1778:
1452:
2357:
2238:
341:. Despite being called black cherry, it is not very closely related to the commonly cultivated cherries, such as
1381:
1032:"Prunus serotina (Black Cherry, Wild Cherry, Wild Rum Cherry) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox"
2393:
586:
when the seed is ground or minced, which releases enzymes that break down the compounds. These enzymes include
99:
2455:
2339:
2000:
31:
1916:(Ehrh.) Borkh. w lasach państwowych Pojezierza Mazurskiego. Rocznik dendrologiczny (in Polish). 32: 191-204.
2191:
1294:
17:
1178:(Rosaceae) and the evolution of biogeographic disjunctions between eastern Asia and eastern North America"
428:); chokecherry, however, tends to be shorter (a shrub or small tree) and has smaller, less glossy leaves.
2557:
2463:
2264:
2116:
2111:
2088:
1312:
1168:
Liu, Xiao-Lin; Wen, Jun; Nie, Ze-Long; Johnson, Gabriel; Liang, Zong-Suo; Chang, Zhao-Yang (2013-05-01).
2450:
2217:
1805:
1562:"Development of the Potential for Cyanogenesis in Maturing Black Cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.) Fruits"
799:
to germinate (which in nature is produced by passing through an animal's digestive tract). The tree is
587:
958:
490:. A mature tree has very broken, dark gray to black bark. The leaves are long and shiny, resembling a
2380:
2313:
2049:
1308:
591:
2178:
800:
1610:
894:
835:
2331:
834:
can inhibit the impact of cyanide within the plants' leaves due to its alkaline stomach acid. The
439:
is a medium-sized, fast-growing forest tree growing to a height of 15–24 metres (49–79 feet). The
2442:
736:
2501:
50:
2542:
2256:
2186:
2011:
1892:
796:
2295:
1055:
1009:
1987:
1240:
1148:
511:
232:
2406:
2137:
1645:
1326:
1189:
914:
595:
571:
402:
378:
1082:
8:
1992:
1766:
980:
875:
523:
64:
1733:"Larvae of the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea , inhibit cyanogenesis in Prunus serotina"
1649:
1193:
1108:
935:
2509:
2060:
1959:
1677:
1669:
1586:
1561:
1221:
392:
270:
205:
94:
1502:
1477:
1031:
770:, it is seen growing mostly in old fields with other sunlight-loving species, such as
730:
2401:
2124:
1902:. Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities, Biology, Volume 9, Issue 1.
1821:
1811:
1774:
1709:
1661:
1591:
1542:
1538:
1507:
1458:
1448:
1307:. Vol. 9. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press – via eFloras.org,
1272:
1264:
1213:
1205:
1136:
1014:
2429:
1963:
1681:
1302:
2514:
2129:
1951:
1744:
1653:
1581:
1573:
1534:
1497:
1489:
1440:
1256:
1225:
1197:
1128:
953:
898:
830:
623:
583:
2093:
2547:
2468:
2305:
2080:
1801:
1132:
890:
763:
137:
2491:
2344:
2424:
2070:
788:
358:
124:
1838:
1444:
1201:
743:
257:
2531:
2290:
2168:
2034:
1925:
1717:
1665:
1268:
1209:
1140:
944:
483:
84:
79:
1169:
417:). The species is widespread and common in North America and South America.
2481:
2269:
1762:
1595:
1511:
1435:
Poulton JE (1988). "Localization and
Catabolism of Cyanogenic Glycosides".
1276:
1217:
902:
775:
771:
342:
1955:
1825:
1546:
1462:
853:
was cultivated in
Central and South America well before European contact.
498:
compounds produced and stored by the plant as a defense mechanism against
471:
2326:
2225:
2103:
2043:
1890:
1577:
1493:
1478:"Utilization of Amygdalin during Seedling Development of Prunus serotina"
1056:"Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center - The University of Texas at Austin"
825:
821:
421:
410:
350:
1335:
County-level distribution map from the North
American Plant Atlas (NAPA)
2204:
1748:
1673:
1260:
747:
619:
2230:
2150:
579:
499:
334:
2243:
2005:
1657:
1239:
Shi, Shuo; Li, Jinlu; Sun, Jiahui; Yu, Jing; Zhou, Shiliang (2013).
2476:
2365:
2028:
1926:
Szymon Bijak; Maciej
Czajkowski; £ukasz Ludwisiak (December 2014).
603:
491:
338:
183:
150:
2155:
1629:
880:
857:
767:
575:
567:
495:
486:
of a black cherry tree is thin, smooth, and banded, resembling a
173:
2142:
1439:. Novartis Foundation Symposia. Vol. 140. pp. 67–91.
871:
779:
445:
440:
193:
163:
487:
248:
111:
1437:
Ciba
Foundation Symposium 140 - Cyanide Compounds in Biology
889:
was widely introduced into Western and Central Europe as an
1010:
World Economic Plants: A Standard Reference, Second Edition
927:
1106:
700:– southwestern United States, northern + central Mexico
1301:. In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.).
1912:
Stypiński P. 1979. Stanowiska czeremchy amerykańskiej
1854:
C. Stace. R. van der Meijden & I. de Kort (eds.).
893:
in the mid-20th century, where it has become locally
1891:
Kalina M. Nowakowska; Aleksandra Halarewicz (2006).
1773:. Miami, FL: Florida Flair Books. pp. 108–109.
803:
and can tolerate poor soils and oceanic salt sprays
30:"Black cherry" redirects here. For other uses, see
1630:"A revision of the North American black cherries (
791:and not germinate for as long as three years. All
1897:(Ehrh.) within forest community and open habitat"
1153:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 (
959:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T61957524A61957527.en
2529:
1810:. Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Books. p. 190.
1167:
570:and apples, the seeds of black cherries contain
1337:. Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014.
1002:
1559:
901:there, negatively affecting forest community
1475:
1304:Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA)
1938:Ehrh.) in the State Forests in Poland]
1524:
933:
1730:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1434:
1238:
795:species have hard seeds that benefit from
687:– Canada, United States, Mexico, Guatemala
256:
73:
49:
1585:
1560:Swain E, Li CP, Poulton JE (April 1992).
1501:
957:
2598:Flora of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt
1849:
1847:
782:. Gleason and Cronquist (1991) describe
742:
729:
470:
1928:"Wystêpowanie czeremchy amerykañskiej (
1755:
1708:
1697:
1627:
1527:Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics
838:defoliates entire groves some springs.
420:Black cherry is closely related to the
14:
2530:
1800:
1761:
1292:
1288:
1286:
1077:
1075:
574:(compounds that can be converted into
2578:Taxa named by Jakob Friedrich Ehrhart
2010:
2009:
1884:
1844:
812:
448:) fed on by birds, 5–10 millimetres (
2583:Flora of the Sierra Madre Occidental
2381:fabdae38-845b-4ebb-9768-2dffea2d1817
1853:
1608:
1476:Swain E, Poulton JE (October 1994).
1249:Journal of Integrative Plant Biology
1121:Journal of Systematics and Evolution
1117:and nuclear ribosomal ITS sequences"
2603:Flora of the Sierra Madre de Oaxaca
2538:IUCN Red List least concern species
1283:
1072:
973:
945:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
24:
2588:Flora of the Sierra Madre Oriental
2563:Flora of the Appalachian Mountains
1731:Fitzgerald, T. D. (1 March 2008).
1714:A Natural History of Western Trees
1602:
1411:"VT Forest Biology and Dendrology"
25:
2614:
2593:Flora of the Sierra Madre del Sur
1980:
1934:[Occurrence of black cherry (
1807:Field Guide to Edible Wild Plants
1241:"Phylogeny and classification of
874:is valuable; perhaps the premier
337:tree or shrub in the rose family
2456:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:730262-1
1368:"Prunus serotina - Plant Finder"
546:
534:
522:
510:
98:
1919:
1906:
1874:
1832:
1794:
1737:Journal of Experimental Biology
1724:
1688:
1621:
1553:
1518:
1469:
1428:
1403:
1374:
1360:
1351:
1341:
1319:
610:
561:
482:For about its first decade the
1893:"Coleoptera found on neophyte
1841:. Accessed September 16, 2024.
1628:McVaugh, Rogers (1951-12-01).
1232:
1161:
1100:
1048:
1024:
723:(Wooton & Standl.) McVaugh
711:(Wooton & Standl.) McVaugh
698:(Wooton & Standl.) McVaugh
677:) – southeastern United States
431:
13:
1:
1113:(Rosaceae) using chloroplast
920:
32:Black Cherry (disambiguation)
1932:Ehrh.) w Lasach Pañstwowych"
1617:. Missouri Botanical Garden.
1539:10.1016/0003-9861(86)90604-1
1413:. Cnr.vt.edu. Archived from
1133:10.3724/SP.J.1002.2008.08065
1109:"Phylogenetic inferences in
1013:. CRC Press; 19 April 2016.
990:. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
401:, a subgenus also including
7:
1839:Wood Database: Black Cherry
1313:Harvard University Herbaria
908:
640:– central + southern Mexico
359:Japanese flowering cherries
10:
2619:
2568:Flora of the United States
1293:Rohrer, Joseph R. (2014).
1089:. NC Cooperative Extension
988:Plants of the World Online
856:Known as capolcuahuitl in
754:
588:amygdalin beta-glucosidase
582:. These compounds release
283:(Ehrh.) Poit. & Turpin
29:
2553:Trees of Northern America
2018:
1445:10.1002/9780470513712.ch6
1309:Missouri Botanical Garden
1202:10.1007/s10265-012-0535-1
1182:Journal of Plant Research
809:Deer browse the foliage.
638:(Cav. ex Spreng.) McVaugh
592:prunasin beta-glucosidase
377:, etc.), which belong to
276:
269:
264:
255:
238:
231:
95:Scientific classification
93:
71:
62:
57:
48:
41:
2573:Plants described in 1784
952:: e.T61957524A61957527.
836:eastern tent caterpillar
1771:Fruits of warm climates
1710:Peattie, Donald Culross
1392:. Iowa State University
1135:(inactive 2024-09-12).
841:
737:Eriophyes cerasicrumena
734:Galls made by the mite
468: in) in diameter.
1634:Ehrh., and relatives)"
1611:"Prunus serotina page"
1390:ISU Forestry Extension
1311:, St. Louis, MO &
751:
740:
479:
2001:Flora of Pennsylvania
1956:10.2478/frp-2014-0033
1944:Leœne Prace Badawcze
897:. It has acted as an
746:
733:
572:cyanogenic glycosides
474:
331:mountain black cherry
1578:10.1104/pp.98.4.1423
1494:10.1104/pp.106.2.437
934:Stritch, L. (2018).
915:Alabama black cherry
869:Prunus serotina
596:mandelonitrile lyase
403:Eurasian bird cherry
1993:Plants for a Future
1650:1951Britt...7..279M
1194:2013JPlR..126..351L
1036:plants.ces.ncsu.edu
860:(the source of the
65:Conservation status
58:Flowers and leaves
2558:Trees of Guatemala
1864:Flora of NW Europe
1749:10.1242/jeb.013664
1261:10.1111/jipb.12095
1170:"Polyphyly of the
1087:NC State Extension
1060:www.wildflower.org
905:and regeneration.
813:Pests and diseases
752:
741:
618:has the following
480:
317:, commonly called
2525:
2524:
2402:Open Tree of Life
2012:Taxon identifiers
1988:"Prunus serotina"
1255:(11): 1069–1079.
1243:Prunus sensu lato
1083:"Prunus serotina"
1019:978-1-4665-7681-0
724:
712:
699:
676:
665:
664:(Elliott) McVaugh
652:
639:
323:wild black cherry
310:
309:
304:
292:
284:
88:
16:(Redirected from
2610:
2518:
2517:
2505:
2504:
2495:
2494:
2485:
2484:
2472:
2471:
2459:
2458:
2446:
2445:
2433:
2432:
2420:
2419:
2410:
2409:
2397:
2396:
2384:
2383:
2374:
2373:
2361:
2360:
2348:
2347:
2345:NBNSYS0000014213
2335:
2334:
2322:
2321:
2309:
2308:
2299:
2298:
2286:
2285:
2273:
2272:
2260:
2259:
2247:
2246:
2234:
2233:
2221:
2220:
2208:
2207:
2195:
2194:
2182:
2181:
2172:
2171:
2159:
2158:
2146:
2145:
2133:
2132:
2120:
2119:
2107:
2106:
2097:
2096:
2084:
2083:
2074:
2073:
2064:
2063:
2054:
2053:
2052:
2039:
2038:
2037:
2007:
2006:
1997:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1970:
1941:
1923:
1917:
1910:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1888:
1882:
1878:
1872:
1871:
1866:. Archived from
1851:
1842:
1836:
1830:
1829:
1802:Angier, Bradford
1798:
1792:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1759:
1753:
1752:
1728:
1722:
1721:
1706:
1695:
1692:
1686:
1685:
1625:
1619:
1618:
1606:
1600:
1599:
1589:
1572:(4): 1423–1428.
1566:Plant Physiology
1557:
1551:
1550:
1522:
1516:
1515:
1505:
1482:Plant Physiology
1473:
1467:
1466:
1432:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1422:
1407:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1397:
1378:
1372:
1371:
1364:
1358:
1355:
1349:
1345:
1339:
1338:
1323:
1317:
1316:
1315:, Cambridge, MA.
1290:
1281:
1280:
1236:
1230:
1229:
1165:
1159:
1158:
1152:
1144:
1104:
1098:
1097:
1095:
1094:
1079:
1070:
1069:
1067:
1066:
1052:
1046:
1045:
1043:
1042:
1028:
1022:
1006:
1000:
999:
997:
995:
977:
971:
970:
968:
966:
961:
931:
899:invasive species
831:Hyphantria cunea
818:P. serotina
722:
710:
697:
675:(C. Mohr) Little
674:
663:
650:
637:
584:hydrogen cyanide
550:
538:
526:
514:
478:flower cluster.
467:
466:
462:
457:
456:
452:
302:
290:
282:
280:Cerasus serotina
260:
244:
224:P. serotina
210:
103:
102:
82:
77:
76:
53:
39:
38:
21:
2618:
2617:
2613:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2608:
2607:
2528:
2527:
2526:
2521:
2513:
2508:
2500:
2498:
2490:
2488:
2480:
2475:
2467:
2462:
2454:
2449:
2441:
2436:
2428:
2423:
2415:
2413:
2405:
2400:
2392:
2387:
2379:
2377:
2371:Prunus~serotina
2369:
2364:
2356:
2351:
2343:
2338:
2330:
2325:
2317:
2312:
2304:
2303:MichiganFlora:
2302:
2294:
2289:
2281:
2276:
2268:
2263:
2255:
2250:
2242:
2237:
2229:
2224:
2216:
2211:
2203:
2198:
2190:
2185:
2177:
2175:
2167:
2162:
2154:
2149:
2141:
2136:
2128:
2123:
2115:
2110:
2102:
2100:
2092:
2087:
2079:
2077:
2069:
2067:
2059:
2057:
2050:Prunus serotina
2048:
2047:
2042:
2033:
2032:
2027:
2020:Prunus serotina
2014:
1986:
1983:
1978:
1977:
1968:
1966:
1939:
1936:Prunus serotina
1930:Prunus serotina
1924:
1920:
1911:
1907:
1899:
1895:Prunus serotina
1889:
1885:
1879:
1875:
1858:Prunus serotina
1852:
1845:
1837:
1833:
1818:
1799:
1795:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1760:
1756:
1729:
1725:
1707:
1698:
1693:
1689:
1658:10.2307/2804698
1632:Prunus serotina
1626:
1622:
1615:Missouri Plants
1609:Tenaglia, Dan.
1607:
1603:
1558:
1554:
1523:
1519:
1474:
1470:
1455:
1433:
1429:
1420:
1418:
1409:
1408:
1404:
1395:
1393:
1384:Prunus serotina
1382:"Black cherry (
1380:
1379:
1375:
1366:
1365:
1361:
1356:
1352:
1346:
1342:
1329:Prunus serotina
1325:
1324:
1320:
1297:Prunus serotina
1291:
1284:
1237:
1233:
1166:
1162:
1146:
1145:
1105:
1101:
1092:
1090:
1081:
1080:
1073:
1064:
1062:
1054:
1053:
1049:
1040:
1038:
1030:
1029:
1025:
1007:
1003:
993:
991:
983:Prunus serotina
979:
978:
974:
964:
962:
938:Prunus serotina
932:
928:
923:
911:
891:ornamental tree
887:Prunus serotina
847:Prunus serotina
844:
815:
764:pioneer species
760:Prunus serotina
757:
716:Prunus serotina
704:Prunus serotina
691:Prunus serotina
681:Prunus serotina
668:Prunus serotina
657:Prunus serotina
651:(Small) McVaugh
644:Prunus serotina
631:Prunus serotina
616:Prunus serotina
613:
564:
559:
558:
557:
554:
551:
542:
539:
530:
527:
518:
515:
476:Prunus serotina
464:
460:
459:
454:
450:
449:
437:Prunus serotina
434:
314:Prunus serotina
296:Prunus serotina
251:
246:
242:Prunus serotina
240:
227:
208:
97:
89:
78:
74:
67:
43:Prunus serotina
35:
28:
27:Species of tree
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2616:
2606:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2523:
2522:
2520:
2519:
2515:wfo-0000995988
2506:
2496:
2486:
2473:
2460:
2447:
2434:
2421:
2411:
2398:
2385:
2375:
2362:
2349:
2336:
2323:
2310:
2300:
2287:
2274:
2261:
2248:
2235:
2222:
2209:
2196:
2183:
2173:
2160:
2147:
2134:
2121:
2108:
2098:
2085:
2075:
2065:
2055:
2040:
2024:
2022:
2016:
2015:
2004:
2003:
1998:
1982:
1981:External links
1979:
1976:
1975:
1950:(4): 359–365.
1918:
1914:Padus serotina
1905:
1883:
1873:
1870:on 2007-12-06.
1860:(Cherry, Rum)"
1843:
1831:
1816:
1793:
1779:
1754:
1743:(5): 671–677.
1723:
1720:. p. 539.
1696:
1687:
1644:(4): 279–315.
1620:
1601:
1552:
1517:
1488:(2): 437–445.
1468:
1453:
1427:
1402:
1373:
1359:
1350:
1340:
1318:
1282:
1231:
1188:(3): 351–361.
1160:
1099:
1071:
1047:
1023:
1001:
972:
925:
924:
922:
919:
918:
917:
910:
907:
843:
840:
814:
811:
756:
753:
728:
727:
726:
725:
713:
688:
678:
654:
641:
612:
609:
563:
560:
556:
555:
553:Autumn foliage
552:
545:
543:
541:Immature fruit
540:
533:
531:
528:
521:
519:
516:
509:
506:
505:
504:
433:
430:
308:
307:
306:
305:
293:
291:(Ehrh.) Borkh.
288:Padus serotina
285:
274:
273:
267:
266:
265:Natural range
262:
261:
253:
252:
247:
236:
235:
229:
228:
221:
219:
215:
214:
203:
199:
198:
191:
187:
186:
181:
177:
176:
171:
167:
166:
161:
154:
153:
148:
141:
140:
135:
128:
127:
122:
115:
114:
109:
105:
104:
91:
90:
72:
69:
68:
63:
60:
59:
55:
54:
46:
45:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2615:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2543:Bird cherries
2541:
2539:
2536:
2535:
2533:
2516:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2497:
2493:
2487:
2483:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2412:
2408:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2376:
2372:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2301:
2297:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2174:
2170:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2099:
2095:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2076:
2072:
2066:
2062:
2056:
2051:
2045:
2041:
2036:
2030:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2008:
2002:
1999:
1995:
1994:
1989:
1985:
1984:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1946:(in Polish).
1945:
1937:
1933:
1931:
1922:
1915:
1909:
1898:
1896:
1887:
1877:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1859:
1850:
1848:
1840:
1835:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1817:0-8117-0616-8
1813:
1809:
1808:
1803:
1797:
1782:
1780:0-9610184-1-0
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1763:Morton, Julia
1758:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1727:
1719:
1718:Bonanza Books
1715:
1711:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1691:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1633:
1624:
1616:
1612:
1605:
1597:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1556:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1521:
1513:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1472:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1454:9780470513712
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1431:
1417:on 2007-09-13
1416:
1412:
1406:
1391:
1387:
1385:
1377:
1369:
1363:
1354:
1344:
1336:
1332:
1330:
1322:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1305:
1300:
1298:
1289:
1287:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1244:
1235:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1177:
1173:
1164:
1156:
1150:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1103:
1088:
1084:
1078:
1076:
1061:
1057:
1051:
1037:
1033:
1027:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1011:
1005:
989:
986:
984:
976:
960:
955:
951:
947:
946:
941:
939:
930:
926:
916:
913:
912:
906:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
882:
881:lb/cu ft
877:
873:
870:
866:
863:
859:
854:
852:
848:
839:
837:
833:
832:
827:
823:
820:is a host of
819:
810:
807:
805:
802:
798:
797:scarification
794:
790:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
749:
745:
739:
738:
732:
721:
717:
714:
709:
705:
702:
701:
696:
692:
689:
686:
682:
679:
673:
669:
662:
658:
655:
649:
645:
642:
636:
632:
629:
628:
627:
625:
621:
617:
608:
605:
599:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
549:
544:
537:
532:
525:
520:
517:Immature bark
513:
508:
507:
503:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
477:
473:
469:
447:
442:
438:
429:
427:
426:P. virginiana
423:
418:
416:
415:P. virginiana
412:
408:
404:
400:
399:
395:
390:
386:
385:
381:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
315:
301:
297:
294:
289:
286:
281:
278:
277:
275:
272:
268:
263:
259:
254:
250:
245:
243:
237:
234:
233:Binomial name
230:
226:
225:
220:
217:
216:
213:
212:
204:
201:
200:
197:
196:
192:
189:
188:
185:
182:
179:
178:
175:
172:
169:
168:
165:
162:
159:
156:
155:
152:
149:
146:
143:
142:
139:
136:
133:
130:
129:
126:
125:Tracheophytes
123:
120:
117:
116:
113:
110:
107:
106:
101:
96:
92:
86:
81:
80:Least Concern
70:
66:
61:
56:
52:
47:
44:
40:
37:
33:
19:
2019:
1991:
1967:. Retrieved
1947:
1943:
1935:
1929:
1921:
1913:
1908:
1894:
1886:
1876:
1868:the original
1863:
1857:
1834:
1806:
1796:
1784:. Retrieved
1770:
1757:
1740:
1736:
1726:
1716:. New York:
1713:
1690:
1641:
1637:
1631:
1623:
1614:
1604:
1569:
1565:
1555:
1533:(2): 440–5.
1530:
1526:
1520:
1485:
1481:
1471:
1436:
1430:
1419:. Retrieved
1415:the original
1405:
1394:. Retrieved
1389:
1383:
1376:
1362:
1353:
1343:
1334:
1328:
1321:
1303:
1296:
1252:
1248:
1242:
1234:
1185:
1181:
1175:
1171:
1163:
1149:cite journal
1124:
1120:
1114:
1110:
1102:
1091:. Retrieved
1086:
1063:. Retrieved
1059:
1050:
1039:. Retrieved
1035:
1026:
1008:
1004:
992:. Retrieved
987:
982:
975:
963:. Retrieved
949:
943:
937:
929:
903:biodiversity
886:
885:
868:
867:
861:
855:
850:
846:
845:
829:
822:caterpillars
817:
816:
808:
792:
783:
776:black locust
772:black walnut
759:
758:
735:
719:
715:
707:
703:
694:
690:
684:
680:
671:
667:
660:
656:
647:
643:
634:
630:
615:
614:
611:Subdivisions
600:
565:
562:Biochemistry
481:
475:
436:
435:
425:
419:
414:
406:
397:
393:
388:
383:
379:
374:
371:P. sargentii
370:
366:
363:P. serrulata
362:
354:
346:
343:sweet cherry
330:
326:
322:
319:black cherry
318:
313:
312:
311:
299:
295:
287:
279:
241:
239:
223:
222:
206:
194:
157:
144:
131:
118:
42:
36:
18:Black cherry
2327:NatureServe
2226:iNaturalist
2044:Wikispecies
1245:(Rosaceae)"
965:19 November
895:naturalized
826:Lepidoptera
824:of various
784:P. serotina
672:alabamensis
578:), such as
529:Mature bark
432:Description
422:chokecherry
411:chokecherry
391:belongs to
389:P. serotina
387:. Instead,
367:P. speciosa
351:sour cherry
138:Angiosperms
2532:Categories
2499:WisFlora:
2425:Plant List
2244:30010850-2
1969:2018-04-02
1786:15 October
1421:2012-10-22
1396:2018-04-02
1127:(3): 322.
1093:2017-02-21
1065:2021-01-23
1041:2021-01-23
1021:. p. 833–.
921:References
748:Black knot
620:subspecies
500:herbivores
355:P. cerasus
327:rum cherry
202:Subgenus:
2192:242417060
1767:"Capulin"
1666:1938-436X
1638:Brittonia
1269:1744-7909
1210:1618-0860
1174:group of
1141:1674-4918
879:(35
876:cabinetry
789:soil bank
780:hackberry
766:. In the
750:infection
624:varieties
604:fencerows
580:amygdalin
375:P. incisa
335:deciduous
218:Species:
108:Kingdom:
2489:VASCAN:
2482:27800337
2477:Tropicos
2366:NSWFlora
2332:2.159253
2296:61957524
2257:10175682
2101:BioLib:
2029:Wikidata
1964:55833138
1881:161-171.
1804:(1974).
1765:(1987).
1712:(1953).
1682:29241557
1596:16668810
1512:12232341
1277:23945216
1218:23239308
994:17 March
909:See also
685:serotina
568:apricots
492:sourwood
407:P. padus
347:P. avium
339:Rosaceae
271:Synonyms
184:Rosaceae
180:Family:
151:Eudicots
85:IUCN 3.1
2430:rjp-256
2314:MoBotPF
2205:3021850
2035:Q158987
1674:2804698
1646:Bibcode
1587:1080367
1547:3717954
1463:3073063
1348:437–463
1226:5991106
1190:Bibcode
858:Nahuatl
849:subsp.
768:Midwest
755:Ecology
693:subsp.
683:subsp.
661:hirsuta
659:subsp.
653:– Texas
646:subsp.
633:subsp.
576:cyanide
496:cyanide
463:⁄
453:⁄
384:Cerasus
333:, is a
303:Schwer.
207:Prunus
190:Genus:
174:Rosales
170:Order:
112:Plantae
83: (
2548:Prunus
2438:PLANTS
2407:187948
2378:NZOR:
2319:286398
2179:pruser
2176:FEIS:
2169:179315
2143:791911
2117:121561
2094:112775
2078:APDB:
2058:AoFP:
1962:
1826:799792
1824:
1814:
1777:
1680:
1672:
1664:
1594:
1584:
1545:
1510:
1503:159548
1500:
1461:
1451:
1275:
1267:
1224:
1216:
1208:
1176:Prunus
1139:
1111:Prunus
1017:
872:timber
862:capuli
851:capuli
793:Prunus
778:, and
720:rufula
708:virens
695:virens
666:(syn.
648:eximia
635:capuli
446:drupes
441:leaves
409:) and
396:subg.
394:Prunus
382:subg.
380:Prunus
357:) and
300:typica
195:Prunus
164:Rosids
2469:14023
2443:PRSE2
2414:PFI:
2389:NZPCN
2358:23207
2283:24764
2270:44360
2252:IRMNG
2231:54834
2218:30099
2164:EUNIS
2156:PRNSO
2130:4N97Q
2104:39524
2081:84206
2068:APA:
1960:S2CID
1940:(PDF)
1900:(PDF)
1678:S2CID
1670:JSTOR
1222:S2CID
1172:Padus
801:hardy
762:is a
718:var.
706:var.
670:var.
566:Like
488:birch
398:Padus
329:, or
249:Ehrh.
211:Padus
209:subg.
158:Clade
145:Clade
132:Clade
119:Clade
2502:4692
2492:8876
2451:POWO
2417:2237
2394:4795
2353:NCBI
2306:2527
2291:IUCN
2278:ITIS
2239:IPNI
2213:GRIN
2200:GBIF
2151:EPPO
2112:BOLD
2089:APNI
2071:3182
1822:OCLC
1812:ISBN
1788:2013
1775:ISBN
1662:ISSN
1592:PMID
1543:PMID
1508:PMID
1459:PMID
1449:ISBN
1273:PMID
1265:ISSN
1214:PMID
1206:ISSN
1155:link
1137:ISSN
1115:ndhF
1015:ISBN
996:2024
967:2021
950:2018
842:Uses
622:and
594:and
484:bark
2510:WFO
2464:RHS
2340:NBN
2265:ISC
2187:FNA
2138:EoL
2125:CoL
2061:989
1952:doi
1745:doi
1741:211
1654:doi
1582:PMC
1574:doi
1535:doi
1531:247
1498:PMC
1490:doi
1486:106
1441:doi
1257:doi
1198:doi
1186:126
1129:doi
985:L."
954:doi
883:).
349:),
298:f.
2534::
2512::
2479::
2466::
2453::
2440::
2427::
2404::
2391::
2368::
2355::
2342::
2329::
2316::
2293::
2280::
2267::
2254::
2241::
2228::
2215::
2202::
2189::
2166::
2153::
2140::
2127::
2114::
2091::
2046::
2031::
1990:.
1958:.
1948:75
1942:.
1862:.
1846:^
1820:.
1769:.
1739:.
1735:.
1699:^
1676:.
1668:.
1660:.
1652:.
1640:.
1636:.
1613:.
1590:.
1580:.
1570:98
1568:.
1564:.
1541:.
1529:.
1506:.
1496:.
1484:.
1480:.
1457:.
1447:.
1388:.
1386:)"
1333:.
1285:^
1271:.
1263:.
1253:55
1251:.
1247:.
1220:.
1212:.
1204:.
1196:.
1184:.
1180:.
1151:}}
1147:{{
1125:46
1123:.
1119:.
1085:.
1074:^
1058:.
1034:.
948:.
942:.
828:.
806:.
774:,
626::
590:,
502:.
373:,
369:,
365:,
325:,
321:,
160::
147::
134::
121::
1996:.
1972:.
1954::
1856:"
1828:.
1790:.
1751:.
1747::
1684:.
1656::
1648::
1642:7
1598:.
1576::
1549:.
1537::
1514:.
1492::
1465:.
1443::
1424:.
1399:.
1370:.
1331:"
1327:"
1299:"
1295:"
1279:.
1259::
1228:.
1200::
1192::
1157:)
1143:.
1131::
1096:.
1068:.
1044:.
998:.
981:"
969:.
956::
940:"
936:"
465:8
461:3
458:–
455:4
451:1
444:(
424:(
413:(
405:(
361:(
353:(
345:(
87:)
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
