467:â Djedefre â Shepseskaf â Thamphthis; archaeological records however give the correct succession Sneferu â Khufu â Djedefre â Khafre â Menkaure â Shepseskaf. The reason for the numerous misplacements of kings in Hellenistic documents may be caused by the ancient authors' erroneous idea that the three builders of the Giza pyramids (Khufu, Khafre and Menkaure) automatically must have been direct throne successors. Also, the Hellenistic authors seem to have built the king list on the historical importance of each king: first the "famous pyramid builders" everyone knew at their time (because of their still practiced mortuary cults and their impressive monuments), then the "lesser important" followers.
508:
starts with "king of Upper- and Lower Egypt" (the year notes here are damaged and illegible, though). The following year note about "18 years of rulership" must belong to king
Menkaure. After Menkaure, 4 years of rulership are mentioned, this line was surely reserved for king Shepseskaf. After Shepseskaf, however, a further, additional year note gives "2 years of rulership" before starting the 5th Dynasty with Userkaf. Egyptologists think that the gap between Khafre and Menkaure once named either Bauefra or Bikheris and the gap between Shepseskaf and Userkaf may have mentioned Thamphthis.
34:
429:, his name was indeed written with a ram- and a ka-symbol. It might be possible that prince Baka was meant to become king on the royal throne, but then he died unexpectedly during his coronation year, leaving an unfinished tomb shaft. Maybe Baka changed his name from "Baka" into "Baka-Re" after his coronation, or perhaps it was done posthumously. If the theory is correct,
541:. This tomb was left unfinished right after the foundation was completed--only an oval-shaped, imbedded sarcophagus was found. The condition of the tomb suggests the sudden death of the king, which forced the tomb workers to leave the necropolis behind. The unfinished tomb would therefore fit well to a supposed short-lived ruler such as Bikheris.
445:
Some scholars suspect that the line of throne successions during the 4th
Dynasty of Egypt may have been much less smooth than mainstream Egyptologists believe. In support of this, they point out that it was already suspicious that king Djedefra broke with the family tradition of building royal tombs
470:
Thus, most scholars are convinced that
Bikheris, should he have existed, must have ruled either between Djedefra and Khafre, or between Khafre and Menkaure. Since Bikheris is described as the son and follower of Djedefra, a chronological position between Djedefra and Khafre seems possible. However,
524:
10 years and the Royal Canon of Turin provides 2 years. Modern
Egyptologists and historians believe Manetho's and Eratosthenes' year numbers to be exaggerations or misinterpretations. They credit Bikheris with a reign of either 2 years (likewise to the Turin Canon) or even less than one year (as
507:
also provides an unusual sequence: after king Khafre, the papyrus on which the king list was written is damaged, and only a few year notes have survived. According to the numbers of preserved year notes, between Khafre and
Menkaure a further king must have been listed, because an additional line
458:
Another problem is how later historians depict the 4th
Dynasty: Manetho and Eratosthenes both describe Bikheris as the sixth ruler of the 4th Dynasty and as the son and successor of king Djedefra. However, both authors chronologically misplace the kings completely since they give the succession
399:
contain no syllable that would phonetically fit "Bikheris". Thus, Ba(u)efra and
Bikheris might be two different kings. This view is strengthened by the fact that Bauefra is entitled in contemporary documents only as "king's son", which is the title of a prince, not that of a ruler.
499:
as the holder of the third cartouche; he thinks it is possible that
Nyuserre was simply misplaced to the beginning of the 5th Dynasty. The Saqqara king list would therefore give the following succession: Khafre â Bikheris â Menkaure â Shepseskaf â Thamphthis â NyuserrĂȘ â Userkaf.
487:. On the other hand, the Saqqara king list gives five cartouches between Khafre and Userkaf: Khafre â ??? â (Menkaure) â (Shepseskaf) â (Thamphthis) â ??? â Userkaf. One was possibly preserved for Bikheris, whilst the second may have been reserved for a king
454:
and placing Ra over all other deities. If
Djedefra broke with family traditions, then Bikheris, as his son, may have done the same thing. This, and the obviously very short reign, may have led to Bikheris' exclusion from official records.
483:) are destroyed and thus illegible today. But their number is puzzling, since between Khafre and Userkaf only two kings are archaeologically detected: Menkaure and
4200:
538:
297:
408:
4279:
658:
Giza in der 4. Dynastie. Die
Baugeschichte und Belegung einer Nekropole des Alten Reiches. Bd. I: Die Mastabas der Kernfriedhöfe und die FelsgrÀber
293:
is placed at the date when Bikheris allegedly ruled. Scholars wonder if both names actually derive from one and the same Egyptian source.
320:, but sloppy drawings and all but the cartouche name remains illegible. At least the second (lower) hieroglyph can be identified as a
4215:
4210:
191:
179:
148:
136:
96:
267:
In attempts to reconstruct Ancient Egyptian king lists, Egyptologists and historians face several problems. As already mentioned,
4190:
4185:
33:
188:
185:
142:
139:
4195:
4175:
182:
145:
475:
provides a very odd sequence of succeeding kings for the 4th Dynasty: after king Khafre, the cartouches from him up to king
4205:
4180:
254:) around 2570 BC. Next to nothing is known about this ruler and some Egyptologists even believe him to be fictitious.
450:
instead. Alan B. Lloyd also points out that Djedefra dared another break with royal traditions by introducing the cult of
4170:
1950:
1738:
4159:
2920:
2636:
1504:
764:
738:
4274:
665:
574:
563:
Chronologie des pharaonischen Ăgypten. Die Zeitbestimmung der Ă€gyptischen Geschichte von der Vorzeit bis 332 v. Chr.
525:
Peter JĂĄnosi suggests). Such a short reign would explain why Bikheris left virtually no monuments and/or documents.
4225:
316:
inscriptions inside the shaft, some of which actually show a royal cartouche name. Unfortunately, Barsanti made no
3412:
105:
85:
3462:
3189:
3045:
690:
616:
355:. The inscription consists of an honorary prayer surmounted by a short king list. The list contains the names
3758:
3548:
3480:
3345:
3212:
3122:
2935:
1053:
3330:
3267:
2550:
3691:
2800:
2712:
2197:
1974:
1965:
336:
471:
the Ramesside king lists provide evidence for placing Bikheris' reign between Khafre and Menkaure. The
296:
However, ancient Egyptian sources are scarce. The oldest possible source of royal name may come from an
3520:
2853:
2590:
2417:
2349:
931:
446:
at Giza. In fact, Djedefra had left the Giza necropolis in an attempt to found a new royal cemetery at
4041:
1812:
1886:
1657:
1519:
533:
The tomb of Bikheris is unknown. If he is indeed identical to the archaeologically attested prince
3726:
3641:
3618:
1935:
1797:
1734:
1523:
1323:
1139:
247:
228:
492:
4230:
4220:
3768:
3747:
3666:
2580:
2440:
2050:
1684:
1644:
1438:
1380:
1264:
1068:
731:
480:
4240:
3716:
3681:
3661:
3651:
3613:
2213:
2117:
1471:
4235:
3741:
3696:
3069:
2697:
2632:
2485:
2480:
2187:
2182:
2035:
1461:
1249:
1128:
348:
251:
679:
The Political Situation in Egypt During the Second Intermediate Period, c. 1800 â 1550 B.C
8:
3731:
3706:
3671:
3608:
2983:
2958:
2162:
2157:
1581:
1012:
309:
51:
4021:
4008:
3585:
2595:
2167:
2142:
1209:
984:
301:
4076:
4055:
3949:
3916:
3628:
2963:
2585:
2465:
2087:
2015:
1673:
1476:
1466:
1398:
724:
686:
661:
612:
570:
4255:
4082:
3910:
3676:
3430:
3013:
2310:
2206:
2147:
1571:
1551:
4027:
3997:
3956:
3892:
3636:
3566:
3436:
2775:
2430:
2152:
1546:
1184:
1152:
991:
504:
332:
1733:
4123:
3921:
3882:
3600:
3556:
3425:
2509:
2435:
2265:
2137:
2097:
1845:
1697:
1662:
1652:
1586:
1541:
1423:
1418:
998:
977:
943:
472:
4268:
3802:
3701:
3533:
3503:
3179:
3034:
2891:
2760:
2600:
2575:
2525:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2112:
1919:
1850:
1840:
1702:
1456:
1204:
1147:
1100:
937:
896:
425:
352:
240:
3887:
3721:
3711:
3686:
3538:
3488:
3447:
3173:
3085:
2973:
2886:
2866:
2785:
2750:
2745:
2631:
2570:
2280:
2102:
2092:
2055:
2010:
1924:
1914:
1904:
1820:
1536:
1413:
1222:
1163:
1023:
970:
875:
496:
403:
The only Old Kingdom name that could indeed fit is the now incomplete name
286:
516:
The length of Bikheris' reign is subject to some dispute. Manetho credits
3991:
3936:
3787:
3736:
3656:
3528:
3420:
3402:
3360:
3271:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3106:
3090:
3063:
3028:
3018:
2953:
2906:
2896:
2881:
2871:
2818:
2780:
2755:
2735:
2725:
2491:
2475:
2450:
2445:
2245:
2172:
2082:
2065:
2020:
1995:
1929:
1909:
1894:
1876:
1606:
1601:
1408:
1235:
1215:
1029:
963:
954:
838:
4108:
4062:
4015:
3970:
3942:
3763:
3646:
3571:
3498:
3387:
3202:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3112:
3100:
3080:
3053:
3023:
3003:
2948:
2901:
2876:
2808:
2770:
2740:
2730:
2470:
2270:
2260:
2030:
2025:
1990:
1899:
1871:
1692:
1596:
1591:
1576:
1561:
1369:
1363:
1277:
1005:
823:
760:
488:
484:
447:
388:
273:
660:. Verlag der Ăsterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien 2005,
4048:
3963:
3926:
3852:
3846:
3773:
3753:
3470:
3452:
3397:
3377:
3240:
3075:
3058:
3008:
2861:
2828:
2823:
2765:
2564:
2385:
2338:
2290:
2250:
2227:
2000:
1866:
1835:
1489:
1403:
1229:
1110:
847:
364:
317:
4118:
4113:
4102:
4069:
3984:
3977:
3931:
3903:
3897:
3862:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3442:
3382:
3225:
3197:
2790:
2720:
2532:
2518:
2498:
2460:
2372:
2317:
2275:
2107:
2077:
2040:
1985:
1830:
1707:
1612:
1556:
1451:
1358:
1341:
1307:
1191:
1177:
1170:
1157:
1121:
861:
491:. The third cartouche (the one before Userkaf) remains a mystery.
464:
420:
217:
75:
609:
Etudes préliminaires aux religions orientales dans l'empire romain
4095:
4034:
3877:
3561:
3372:
3366:
3354:
3235:
3230:
3167:
3146:
2991:
2943:
2843:
2833:
2558:
2455:
2425:
2407:
2396:
2379:
2331:
2324:
2255:
2177:
1825:
1633:
1619:
1531:
1482:
1388:
1331:
1282:
1115:
1105:
1085:
1018:
868:
747:
476:
460:
344:
278:
243:
44:
759:
4002:
3872:
3509:
3392:
2997:
2968:
2838:
2813:
2605:
2539:
2365:
2358:
2285:
2240:
2234:
2060:
1980:
1566:
1393:
1346:
1300:
1272:
1198:
1076:
1035:
917:
882:
854:
360:
64:
4088:
3867:
3857:
3835:
3493:
2402:
2390:
2303:
2220:
2071:
2005:
1667:
1336:
1294:
1288:
1080:
1039:
910:
903:
889:
416:
356:
305:
282:
271:
is a Hellenized name variation. The name appears in the book
630:
Archaeological Remarks on the 4th and 5th Dynasty Chronology
38:
Inscribed limestone fragment possibly showing Bikheris' name
3840:
3830:
3220:
3095:
2296:
1626:
1446:
1428:
1313:
1095:
1090:
924:
716:
347:
may be identical to Bikheris. A very similar name from the
331:
The temporally next possible source appears in the famous
2045:
313:
3266:
711:, Vol. I. Harvard University Press, Harvard 1942, p. 28.
451:
683:
CNI publications, Carsten Niebuhr Institut KĂžbenhavn
4266:
520:with 22 years of rulership, Eratosthenes gives
539:Unfinished Northern Pyramid of Zawyet el'Aryan
732:
407:, as found at Zawyet el'Aryan. According to
685:, vol. 20). Museum Tusculanum Press, 1997,
739:
725:
375:Alan B. Lloyd is convinced that the names
32:
4149:
262:
4280:Pharaohs of the Fourth Dynasty of Egypt
652:
650:
648:
646:
644:
642:
595:
593:
591:
589:
587:
585:
583:
324:-symbol, thus making the king's name a
4267:
3296:
2661:
1763:
789:
703:
701:
699:
677:K. S. B. Ryholt, Adam BĂŒlow-Jacobsen:
557:
555:
553:
351:can be found in a rock inscription at
4148:
3265:
2630:
1732:
758:
720:
304:. The shaft was excavated in 1904 by
3801:
639:
580:
569:, vol. 46). von Zabern, Mainz 1997,
440:
696:
550:
537:, he might have been buried in the
13:
370:
14:
4291:
636:, Vol. 69. Prag 2001, p. 363â418.
411:, the mysterious name could be a
709:A History of the Giza Necropolis
611:, vol. 43). BRILL, Leiden 1993,
391:, who points out that the names
246:, who may have ruled during the
567:MĂŒnchner Ă€gyptologische Studien
387:. This, in turn, is doubted by
383:are all identical to Manetho's
671:
622:
433:was the hellenized variant of
312:. He discovered several black
1:
3759:Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator
544:
377:Baka, Bakare, Baefra, Bauefra
239:is the Hellenized name of an
112:
746:
285:copy of Manetho, written by
95:Probably the same person as
7:
3692:Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator
257:
10:
4296:
2591:Sekhemre-Heruhirmaat Intef
1975:Sekhemrekhutawy Sobekhotep
1739:Second Intermediate Period
343:. Scholars wonder if this
171:
128:
4253:
4155:
4144:
4042:Lucius Mussius Aemilianus
3786:
3732:Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos
3627:
3599:
3584:
3547:
3519:
3479:
3461:
3411:
3344:
3329:
3287:
3283:
3261:
3211:
3188:
3121:
3044:
2982:
2934:
2919:
2852:
2799:
2711:
2696:
2652:
2648:
2637:Third Intermediate Period
2626:
2549:
2508:
2416:
2348:
2196:
1964:
1949:
1885:
1859:
1811:
1796:
1754:
1750:
1728:
1683:
1643:
1518:
1503:
1437:
1379:
1322:
1263:
1248:
1138:
1067:
1052:
953:
837:
822:
780:
776:
765:First Intermediate Period
754:
528:
281:around 300 BC. In a
224:
213:
111:
104:
93:
82:
71:
60:
50:
43:
31:
26:
21:
4275:26th-century BC pharaohs
3754:Cleopatra VII Philopator
2011:Ameny Antef Amenemhet VI
769: (<3150â2040 BC)
511:
479:(the first ruler of the
298:unfinished pyramid shaft
168:His soul is the Ka of RĂȘ
3727:Ptolemy XI Alexander II
3642:Ptolemy II Philadelphus
1936:Seankhibtawy Seankhibra
707:George Andrew Reisner:
3769:Ptolemy XIV Philopator
3748:Cleopatra VI Tryphaena
3742:Berenice IV Epiphaneia
3697:Ptolemy VIII Euergetes
3667:Arsinoe III Philopator
2581:Sekhemre-Wepmaat Intef
2051:Sekhemrekhutawy Khabaw
1991:Sekhemkare Amenemhat V
1582:Neferkare VI Pepiseneb
561:JĂŒrgen von Beckerath:
339:. The text mentions a
3717:Ptolemy X Alexander I
3682:Ptolemy VI Philometor
3662:Ptolemy IV Philopator
3657:Berenice II Euergetes
3652:Ptolemy III Euergetes
3614:Philip III Arrhidaeus
2123:Khahotepre Sobekhotep
2118:Merhotepre Sobekhotep
1472:Merenre Nemtyemsaf II
341:king's son, Bau-ef-Ra
263:Possible name sources
4150:Dynastic genealogies
3774:Ptolemy XV Caesarion
3070:Tutkheperre Shoshenq
2984:High Priests of Amun
2486:Merankhre Mentuhotep
2188:Seheqenre Sankhptahi
2183:Sewadjare Mentuhotep
2036:Khaankhre Sobekhotep
1743: (2040â1550 BC)
1462:Merenre Nemtyemsaf I
505:Royal Canon of Turin
493:JĂŒrgen von Beckerath
3672:Ptolemy V Epiphanes
3609:Alexander the Great
2641: (1550â664 BC)
2163:Mershepsesre Ini II
2158:Merkawre Sobekhotep
1552:Neferkare IV Khendu
463:â Khufu â Khafre â
423:was actually named
310:Alessandro Barsanti
4009:Trebonianus Gallus
2596:Senakhtenre Ahmose
2214:Ya'ammu Nubwoserre
2168:Sewahenre Senebmiu
2143:Sankhenre Sewadjtu
1572:Neferkare V Tereru
1542:Neferkare III Neby
1210:Sekhemib-Perenmaat
605:Herodotus, Book II
349:New Kingdom period
252:Old Kingdom period
4262:
4261:
4249:
4248:
4140:
4139:
4136:
4135:
4132:
4131:
4056:Claudius Gothicus
3950:Severus Alexander
3917:Septimius Severus
3782:
3781:
3580:
3579:
3325:
3324:
3257:
3256:
3253:
3252:
3249:
3248:
2964:Osorkon the Elder
2915:
2914:
2692:
2691:
2622:
2621:
2618:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2586:Nubkheperre Intef
2466:Sekhemre Shedwast
2088:Sehetepkare Intef
2016:Semenkare Nebnuni
1945:
1944:
1792:
1791:
1724:
1723:
1720:
1719:
1716:
1715:
1499:
1498:
1477:Netjerkare Siptah
1399:Neferirkare Kakai
1244:
1243:
1048:
1047:
818:
817:
634:Archiv OrientĂĄlnĂ
628:Miroslav Verner:
473:Saqqara king list
441:Historical figure
419:symbol. A son of
415:, written with a
234:
233:
207:
206:
203:
202:
199:
198:
195:
194:
156:
155:
152:
151:
4287:
4256:List of pharaohs
4146:
4145:
3911:Pescennius Niger
3799:
3798:
3795:
3794:
3707:Ptolemy IX Soter
3677:Cleopatra I Syra
3597:
3596:
3593:
3592:
3342:
3341:
3338:
3337:
3294:
3293:
3285:
3284:
3278:
3277:
3263:
3262:
3014:Djedkhonsuefankh
2932:
2931:
2928:
2927:
2709:
2708:
2705:
2704:
2679:
2674:
2659:
2658:
2650:
2649:
2643:
2642:
2628:
2627:
2221:Qareh Khawoserre
2207:Yakbim Sekhaenre
2148:Mersekhemre Ined
1962:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1809:
1808:
1805:
1804:
1761:
1760:
1752:
1751:
1745:
1744:
1730:
1729:
1516:
1515:
1512:
1511:
1261:
1260:
1257:
1256:
1065:
1064:
1061:
1060:
835:
834:
831:
830:
787:
786:
778:
777:
771:
770:
756:
755:
741:
734:
727:
718:
717:
712:
705:
694:
675:
669:
654:
637:
626:
620:
597:
578:
559:
241:ancient Egyptian
176:
175:
172:
133:
132:
129:
113:
91:
90:
56:ca. 2570 BC
36:
19:
18:
16:Egyptian pharaoh
4295:
4294:
4290:
4289:
4288:
4286:
4285:
4284:
4265:
4264:
4263:
4258:
4245:
4151:
4128:
4028:Macrianus Minor
3957:Maximinus Thrax
3893:Marcus Aurelius
3792:
3791:
3790:
3778:
3637:Ptolemy I Soter
3623:
3590:
3589:
3588:
3576:
3543:
3515:
3475:
3457:
3437:Psammetichus IV
3407:
3335:
3334:
3333:
3321:
3299:
3290:
3279:
3276:(664 BCâ313 AD)
3275:
3274:
3245:
3207:
3184:
3180:Menkheperre Ini
3117:
3040:
2978:
2925:
2924:
2923:
2911:
2848:
2795:
2776:Neferneferuaten
2702:
2701:
2700:
2688:
2687:
2677:
2672:
2671:Pharaohs
2664:
2655:
2644:
2640:
2639:
2610:
2545:
2504:
2431:Sobekhotep VIII
2412:
2344:
2192:
2153:Sewadjkare Hori
1955:
1954:
1953:
1941:
1881:
1855:
1802:
1801:
1800:
1788:
1766:
1757:
1746:
1742:
1741:
1712:
1679:
1639:
1547:Djedkare Shemai
1509:
1508:
1507:
1495:
1433:
1375:
1318:
1254:
1253:
1252:
1240:
1134:
1058:
1057:
1056:
1044:
949:
828:
827:
826:
814:
792:
783:
772:
768:
767:
750:
745:
715:
706:
697:
676:
672:
655:
640:
627:
623:
599:Alan B. Lloyd:
598:
581:
560:
551:
547:
531:
514:
443:
373:
371:Identifications
333:Westcar Papyrus
302:Zawyet el'Aryan
289:, a king named
265:
260:
209:
208:
170:
166:
162:
158:
157:
127:
123:
119:
88:
39:
27:Baka and Bakare
17:
12:
11:
5:
4293:
4283:
4282:
4277:
4260:
4259:
4254:
4251:
4250:
4247:
4246:
4244:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4165:
4162:
4156:
4153:
4152:
4142:
4141:
4138:
4137:
4134:
4133:
4130:
4129:
4127:
4126:
4124:Maximinus Daza
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4099:
4092:
4085:
4080:
4073:
4066:
4059:
4052:
4045:
4038:
4031:
4024:
4019:
4012:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3988:
3981:
3974:
3967:
3960:
3953:
3946:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3907:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3883:Antoninus Pius
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3807:
3805:
3796:
3793:(30 BCâ313 AD)
3784:
3783:
3780:
3779:
3777:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3633:
3631:
3625:
3624:
3622:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3605:
3603:
3594:
3582:
3581:
3578:
3577:
3575:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3557:Artaxerxes III
3553:
3551:
3545:
3544:
3542:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3525:
3523:
3517:
3516:
3514:
3513:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3485:
3483:
3477:
3476:
3474:
3473:
3467:
3465:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3433:
3428:
3426:Petubastis III
3423:
3417:
3415:
3409:
3408:
3406:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3363:
3358:
3350:
3348:
3339:
3327:
3326:
3323:
3322:
3320:
3319:
3314:
3313:
3312:
3309:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3291:
3288:
3281:
3280:
3259:
3258:
3255:
3254:
3251:
3250:
3247:
3246:
3244:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3217:
3215:
3209:
3208:
3206:
3205:
3200:
3194:
3192:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3182:
3177:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3127:
3125:
3119:
3118:
3116:
3115:
3110:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3050:
3048:
3042:
3041:
3039:
3038:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2994:
2988:
2986:
2980:
2979:
2977:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2940:
2938:
2929:
2921:3 Intermediate
2917:
2916:
2913:
2912:
2910:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2858:
2856:
2850:
2849:
2847:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2805:
2803:
2797:
2796:
2794:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2717:
2715:
2706:
2703:(1550â1070 BC)
2694:
2693:
2690:
2689:
2686:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2668:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2656:
2653:
2646:
2645:
2624:
2623:
2620:
2619:
2616:
2615:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2561:
2555:
2553:
2547:
2546:
2544:
2543:
2536:
2529:
2522:
2514:
2512:
2506:
2505:
2503:
2502:
2495:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2436:Neferhotep III
2433:
2428:
2422:
2420:
2414:
2413:
2411:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2376:
2369:
2362:
2354:
2352:
2346:
2345:
2343:
2342:
2335:
2328:
2321:
2314:
2307:
2300:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2266:Sewadjkare III
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2235:Maaibre Sheshi
2231:
2228:'Ammu Ahotepre
2224:
2217:
2210:
2202:
2200:
2194:
2193:
2191:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2138:Merhotepre Ini
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2098:Sobekhotep III
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1970:
1968:
1959:
1956:(1802â1550 BC)
1951:2 Intermediate
1947:
1946:
1943:
1942:
1940:
1939:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1891:
1889:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1863:
1861:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1853:
1848:
1846:Mentuhotep III
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1817:
1815:
1806:
1803:(2040â1802 BC)
1798:Middle Kingdom
1794:
1793:
1790:
1789:
1787:
1786:
1781:
1780:
1779:
1776:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1758:
1755:
1748:
1747:
1735:Middle Kingdom
1726:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1714:
1713:
1711:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1698:Neferkare VIII
1695:
1689:
1687:
1681:
1680:
1678:
1677:
1670:
1665:
1663:Nebkaure Khety
1660:
1655:
1653:Meryibre Khety
1649:
1647:
1641:
1640:
1638:
1637:
1630:
1623:
1616:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1587:Neferkamin Anu
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1528:
1526:
1513:
1510:(2181â2040 BC)
1505:1 Intermediate
1501:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1494:
1493:
1486:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1443:
1441:
1435:
1434:
1432:
1431:
1426:
1424:Djedkare Isesi
1421:
1419:Menkauhor Kaiu
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1385:
1383:
1377:
1376:
1374:
1373:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1328:
1326:
1320:
1319:
1317:
1316:
1311:
1304:
1297:
1292:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1269:
1267:
1258:
1255:(2686â2181 BC)
1246:
1245:
1242:
1241:
1239:
1238:
1233:
1226:
1219:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1195:
1188:
1181:
1174:
1167:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1144:
1142:
1136:
1135:
1133:
1132:
1125:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1073:
1071:
1062:
1059:(3150â2686 BC)
1054:Early Dynastic
1050:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1043:
1042:
1033:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1009:
1002:
995:
988:
981:
974:
967:
959:
957:
951:
950:
948:
947:
940:
935:
928:
921:
914:
907:
900:
893:
886:
879:
872:
865:
858:
851:
843:
841:
832:
820:
819:
816:
815:
813:
812:
807:
806:
805:
802:
795:
793:
790:
784:
781:
774:
773:
752:
751:
744:
743:
736:
729:
721:
714:
713:
695:
670:
656:Peter JĂĄnosi:
638:
621:
579:
548:
546:
543:
530:
527:
513:
510:
495:proposes king
442:
439:
372:
369:
367:, and Baefra.
264:
261:
259:
256:
232:
231:
226:
222:
221:
215:
211:
210:
205:
204:
201:
200:
197:
196:
193:
192:
189:
186:
183:
180:
154:
153:
150:
149:
146:
143:
140:
137:
109:
108:
102:
101:
89:
86:Royal titulary
84:
83:
80:
79:
73:
69:
68:
62:
58:
57:
54:
48:
47:
41:
40:
37:
29:
28:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4292:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4272:
4270:
4257:
4252:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4157:
4154:
4147:
4143:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4104:
4100:
4098:
4097:
4093:
4091:
4090:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4078:
4074:
4072:
4071:
4067:
4065:
4064:
4060:
4058:
4057:
4053:
4051:
4050:
4046:
4044:
4043:
4039:
4037:
4036:
4032:
4030:
4029:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4017:
4013:
4011:
4010:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3993:
3989:
3987:
3986:
3982:
3980:
3979:
3975:
3973:
3972:
3968:
3966:
3965:
3961:
3959:
3958:
3954:
3952:
3951:
3947:
3945:
3944:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3912:
3908:
3906:
3905:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3848:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3808:
3806:
3804:
3800:
3797:
3789:
3785:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3749:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3702:Cleopatra III
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3634:
3632:
3630:
3626:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3606:
3604:
3602:
3598:
3595:
3587:
3583:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3554:
3552:
3550:
3546:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3526:
3524:
3522:
3518:
3512:
3511:
3507:
3505:
3504:Nepherites II
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3486:
3484:
3482:
3478:
3472:
3469:
3468:
3466:
3464:
3460:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3438:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3418:
3416:
3414:
3410:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3368:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3356:
3352:
3351:
3349:
3347:
3343:
3340:
3332:
3328:
3318:
3315:
3310:
3307:
3306:
3304:
3303:
3301:
3295:
3292:
3286:
3282:
3273:
3269:
3264:
3260:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3218:
3216:
3214:
3210:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3195:
3193:
3191:
3187:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3175:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3148:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3128:
3126:
3124:
3120:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3108:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3071:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3051:
3049:
3047:
3043:
3037:
3036:
3035:Psusennes III
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2999:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2985:
2981:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2941:
2939:
2937:
2933:
2930:
2926:(1069â664 BC)
2922:
2918:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2892:Ramesses VIII
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2855:
2851:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2806:
2804:
2802:
2798:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2761:Amenhotep III
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2714:
2710:
2707:
2699:
2695:
2684:
2681:
2676:
2670:
2669:
2666:
2660:
2657:
2651:
2647:
2638:
2634:
2629:
2625:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2601:Seqenenre Tao
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2576:Sobekemsaf II
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2566:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2548:
2542:
2541:
2537:
2535:
2534:
2530:
2528:
2527:
2526:Wepwawetemsaf
2523:
2521:
2520:
2516:
2515:
2513:
2511:
2507:
2501:
2500:
2496:
2494:
2493:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2423:
2421:
2419:
2415:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2398:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2381:
2377:
2375:
2374:
2370:
2368:
2367:
2363:
2361:
2360:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2351:
2347:
2341:
2340:
2336:
2334:
2333:
2329:
2327:
2326:
2322:
2320:
2319:
2315:
2313:
2312:
2308:
2306:
2305:
2301:
2299:
2298:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2236:
2232:
2230:
2229:
2225:
2223:
2222:
2218:
2216:
2215:
2211:
2209:
2208:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2195:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2133:Merneferre Ay
2131:
2129:
2128:Wahibre Ibiau
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2113:Sobekhotep IV
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2073:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1976:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1963:
1960:
1952:
1948:
1938:
1937:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1920:Amenemhat III
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1884:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1862:
1858:
1852:
1851:Mentuhotep IV
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1841:Mentuhotep II
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1810:
1807:
1799:
1795:
1785:
1782:
1777:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1770:
1768:
1762:
1759:
1753:
1749:
1740:
1736:
1731:
1727:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1703:Wahkare Khety
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1690:
1688:
1686:
1682:
1676:
1675:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1658:Neferkare VII
1656:
1654:
1651:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1642:
1636:
1635:
1631:
1629:
1628:
1624:
1622:
1621:
1617:
1615:
1614:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1514:
1506:
1502:
1492:
1491:
1487:
1485:
1484:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1436:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1378:
1372:
1371:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1354:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1321:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1309:
1305:
1303:
1302:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1290:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1262:
1259:
1251:
1247:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1231:
1227:
1225:
1224:
1220:
1218:
1217:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1205:Seth-Peribsen
1203:
1201:
1200:
1196:
1194:
1193:
1189:
1187:
1186:
1182:
1180:
1179:
1175:
1173:
1172:
1168:
1166:
1165:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1148:Hotepsekhemwy
1146:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1137:
1131:
1130:
1126:
1124:
1123:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1063:
1055:
1051:
1041:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1031:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1014:
1010:
1008:
1007:
1003:
1001:
1000:
996:
994:
993:
989:
987:
986:
982:
980:
979:
975:
973:
972:
968:
966:
965:
961:
960:
958:
956:
952:
946:
945:
941:
939:
938:Double Falcon
936:
934:
933:
929:
927:
926:
922:
920:
919:
915:
913:
912:
908:
906:
905:
901:
899:
898:
894:
892:
891:
887:
885:
884:
880:
878:
877:
873:
871:
870:
866:
864:
863:
859:
857:
856:
852:
850:
849:
845:
844:
842:
840:
836:
833:
829:(pre-3150 BC)
825:
824:Protodynastic
821:
811:
808:
803:
800:
799:
797:
796:
794:
788:
785:
779:
775:
766:
762:
761:Protodynastic
757:
753:
749:
742:
737:
735:
730:
728:
723:
722:
719:
710:
704:
702:
700:
692:
688:
684:
680:
674:
667:
666:3-7001-3244-1
663:
659:
653:
651:
649:
647:
645:
643:
635:
631:
625:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
596:
594:
592:
590:
588:
586:
584:
576:
575:3-8053-2310-7
572:
568:
564:
558:
556:
554:
549:
542:
540:
536:
526:
523:
519:
509:
506:
501:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
468:
466:
462:
456:
453:
449:
438:
436:
432:
428:
427:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
401:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
368:
366:
362:
358:
354:
353:Wadi Hammamat
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
329:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
308:Egyptologist
307:
303:
299:
294:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
275:
270:
255:
253:
249:
245:
242:
238:
230:
227:
223:
219:
216:
212:
190:
187:
184:
181:
178:
177:
174:
173:
169:
165:
161:
147:
144:
141:
138:
135:
134:
131:
130:
126:
122:
118:
115:
114:
110:
107:
103:
100:
98:
92:
87:
81:
77:
74:
70:
66:
63:
59:
55:
53:
49:
46:
42:
35:
30:
25:
20:
4101:
4094:
4087:
4075:
4068:
4061:
4054:
4047:
4040:
4033:
4026:
4014:
4007:
3990:
3983:
3976:
3969:
3962:
3955:
3948:
3941:
3909:
3902:
3888:Lucius Verus
3845:
3746:
3722:Berenice III
3712:Cleopatra IV
3687:Cleopatra II
3619:Alexander IV
3539:Nectanebo II
3508:
3489:Nepherites I
3448:Artaxerxes I
3435:
3365:
3353:
3336:(664â332 BC)
3316:
3272:Roman Period
3174:Shoshenq VII
3172:
3145:
3105:
3086:Shoshenq III
3068:
3033:
2996:
2974:Psusennes II
2887:Ramesses VII
2867:Ramesses III
2751:Amenhotep II
2746:Thutmose III
2682:
2571:Sobekemsaf I
2563:
2538:
2531:
2524:
2517:
2497:
2490:
2395:
2378:
2373:'Aper-'Anati
2371:
2364:
2357:
2337:
2330:
2323:
2316:
2309:
2302:
2295:
2281:Sekheperenre
2233:
2226:
2219:
2212:
2205:
2103:Neferhotep I
2093:Seth Meribre
2070:
2056:Djedkheperew
1973:
1934:
1925:Amenemhat IV
1915:Senusret III
1905:Amenemhat II
1821:Mentuhotep I
1783:
1672:
1632:
1625:
1618:
1611:
1537:Neferkare II
1488:
1481:
1414:Nyuserre Ini
1368:
1352:
1351:
1306:
1299:
1287:
1228:
1223:Neferkasokar
1221:
1214:
1197:
1190:
1183:
1176:
1169:
1162:
1127:
1120:
1028:
1011:
1004:
997:
990:
983:
976:
971:Finger Snail
969:
962:
942:
930:
923:
916:
909:
902:
895:
888:
881:
874:
867:
860:
853:
846:
809:
708:
682:
678:
673:
657:
633:
629:
624:
608:
604:
600:
566:
562:
534:
532:
521:
517:
515:
502:
469:
457:
444:
434:
430:
424:
412:
409:Peter JĂĄnosi
404:
402:
396:
392:
384:
380:
376:
374:
359:, Djedefra,
340:
337:13th Dynasty
330:
325:
321:
295:
290:
287:Eratosthenes
272:
268:
266:
236:
235:
167:
163:
159:
124:
120:
116:
94:
3992:Gordian III
3937:Diadumenian
3737:Cleopatra V
3591:(332â30 BC)
3586:Hellenistic
3529:Nectanebo I
3421:Cambyses II
3403:Psamtik III
3361:Tefnakht II
3163:Takelot III
3158:Osorkon III
3153:Shoshenq VI
3107:Pedubast II
3091:Shoshenq IV
3064:Shoshenq II
3029:Pinedjem II
3019:Menkheperre
2954:Psusennes I
2907:Ramesses XI
2897:Ramesses IX
2882:Ramesses VI
2872:Ramesses IV
2819:Ramesses II
2781:Tutankhamun
2756:Thutmose IV
2736:Thutmose II
2726:Amenhotep I
2698:New Kingdom
2633:New Kingdom
2492:Senusret IV
2476:Dedumose II
2451:Nebiriau II
2446:Nebiryraw I
2441:Mentuhotepi
2246:Khakherewre
2173:Merkheperre
2083:Imyremeshaw
2066:Sedjefakare
2021:Sehetepibre
1996:Ameny Qemau
1930:Sobekneferu
1910:Senusret II
1895:Amenemhat I
1877:Iyibkhentre
1607:Neferirkare
1602:Neferkauhor
1409:Shepseskare
1250:Old Kingdom
1236:Khasekhemwy
1216:Neferkara I
1185:Weneg-Nebty
1030:Scorpion II
693:, p. 17-18.
668:, p. 64-65.
481:5th Dynasty
277:written by
248:4th Dynasty
229:4th Dynasty
61:Predecessor
4269:Categories
4109:Diocletian
4063:Quintillus
4016:Aemilianus
3971:Gordian II
3943:Elagabalus
3764:Arsinoe IV
3647:Arsinoe II
3572:Darius III
3499:Psammuthes
3388:Psamtik II
3203:Bakenranef
3141:Pedubast I
3136:Takelot II
3131:Harsiese A
3113:Osorkon IV
3101:Shoshenq V
3081:Osorkon II
3054:Shoshenq I
3024:Smendes II
3004:Pinedjem I
2949:Amenemnisu
2902:Ramesses X
2877:Ramesses V
2829:Amenmesses
2809:Ramesses I
2771:Smenkhkare
2741:Hatshepsut
2731:Thutmose I
2481:Montuemsaf
2471:Dedumose I
2271:Nebdjefare
2261:Merdjefare
2031:Nedjemibre
2026:Sewadjkare
1900:Senusret I
1872:Qakare Ini
1693:Meryhathor
1597:Neferkaure
1592:Qakare Iby
1577:Neferkahor
1562:Neferkamin
1370:Thamphthis
1364:Shepseskaf
1278:Sekhemkhet
1129:Horus Bird
1006:Scorpion I
691:8772894210
619:, p.76-78.
617:9004077375
601:Commentary
545:References
489:Thamphthis
485:Shepseskaf
448:Abu Rawash
389:Kim Ryholt
274:Aegyptiaca
4241:Ptolemaic
4049:Gallienus
3964:Gordian I
3927:Caracalla
3853:Vespasian
3847:Vitellius
3629:Ptolemaic
3471:Amyrtaeus
3453:Darius II
3398:Ahmose II
3378:Psamtik I
3317:uncertain
3305:Pharaohs
3241:Tanutamun
3076:Takelot I
3059:Osorkon I
3009:Masaharta
2959:Amenemope
2862:Setnakhte
2824:Merneptah
2766:Akhenaten
2683:uncertain
2565:Nebmaatre
2386:Sakir-Har
2339:Yaqub-Har
2251:Nebefawre
2001:Hotepibre
1867:Segerseni
1836:Intef III
1784:uncertain
1772:Pharaohs
1404:Neferefre
1230:Hudjefa I
1111:Semerkhet
848:Hedju Hor
810:uncertain
798:Pharaohs
577:, p. 158.
365:Djedefhor
318:facsimile
125:Ba and Ka
72:Successor
4201:21 to 23
4119:Galerius
4114:Maximian
4103:Numerian
4070:Aurelian
4022:Valerian
3985:Balbinus
3978:Pupienus
3932:Macrinus
3904:Pertinax
3898:Commodus
3863:Domitian
3826:Claudius
3821:Caligula
3816:Tiberius
3811:Augustus
3431:Darius I
3383:Necho II
3226:Shebitku
3198:Tefnakht
2791:Horemheb
2721:Ahmose I
2533:Pantjeny
2519:Senebkay
2499:Pepi III
2461:Bebiankh
2318:Shenshek
2276:Nebsenre
2108:Sihathor
2078:Khendjer
2041:Renseneb
1986:Nerikare
1831:Intef II
1708:Merykare
1613:Wadjkare
1557:Merenhor
1452:Userkare
1359:Menkaure
1353:Bikheris
1342:Djedefre
1308:Qahedjet
1192:Wadjenes
1178:Horus Sa
1171:Nubnefer
1158:Nynetjer
1122:Sneferka
862:Ni-Neith
748:Pharaohs
518:Bikheris
497:Nyuserre
465:Menkaure
435:Baka(re)
431:Bikheris
421:Djedefra
385:Bikheris
269:Bikheris
258:Identity
237:Bikheris
218:Djedefre
164:b3-k3-rË
76:Menkaure
22:Bikheris
4096:Carinus
4077:Tacitus
4035:Quietus
3878:Hadrian
3562:Khabash
3393:Wahibre
3373:Necho I
3367:Nekauba
3355:Ammeris
3298:Dynasty
3236:Taharqa
3231:Shabaka
3168:Rudamun
3147:Iuput I
2992:Herihor
2944:Smendes
2844:Twosret
2834:Seti II
2678:female)
2663:Dynasty
2559:Rahotep
2456:Semenre
2426:Djehuti
2408:Khamudi
2397:Yanassi
2380:Salitis
2332:Yakareb
2325:Khamure
2256:Sehebre
2178:Merkare
1826:Intef I
1765:Dynasty
1674:Imhotep
1634:Iytjenu
1620:Khuiqer
1532:Menkare
1483:Neferka
1467:Pepi II
1389:Userkaf
1283:Sanakht
1106:Anedjib
1086:Hor-Aha
1019:Iry-Hor
1013:Shendjw
985:Pen-Abu
869:Hat-Hor
791:Dynasty
477:Userkaf
461:Sneferu
397:Bauefra
345:Bauefre
335:of the
306:Italian
279:Manetho
244:pharaoh
225:Dynasty
220: ?
45:Pharaoh
4236:Argead
4083:Probus
4003:Decius
3998:Philip
3873:Trajan
3601:Argead
3510:Muthis
3463:XXVIII
3443:Xerxes
3311:female
3289:Period
2998:Piankh
2969:Siamun
2839:Siptah
2814:Seti I
2654:Period
2606:Kamose
2540:Snaaib
2510:Abydos
2366:Semqen
2359:Sharek
2311:Sheneh
2291:'Apepi
2286:Bebnum
2241:Nehesy
2061:Sebkay
1981:Sonbef
1778:female
1756:Period
1567:Nikare
1457:Pepi I
1394:Sahure
1347:Khafre
1332:Snefru
1301:Sedjes
1273:Djoser
1199:Senedj
1077:Narmer
1036:Narmer
918:Wazner
883:Hsekiu
855:Ny-Hor
804:female
782:Period
689:
664:
632:. In:
615:
603:. In:
573:
529:Burial
522:Biuris
393:Baefra
381:Biuris
361:Khafre
291:Biuris
214:Father
160:BakarĂȘ
97:Biuris
65:Khafre
4089:Carus
3868:Nerva
3858:Titus
3836:Galba
3803:XXXIV
3788:Roman
3567:Arses
3494:Hakor
3413:XXVII
3123:XXIII
2713:XVIII
2673:(male
2403:Apepi
2391:Khyan
2304:Wazad
2072:Wegaf
2006:Iufni
1860:Nubia
1668:Setut
1490:Nefer
1337:Khufu
1295:Khaba
1289:Nebka
1153:Nebra
1081:Menes
1040:Menes
992:Stork
955:Upper
911:Neheb
904:Thesh
890:Khayu
839:Lower
512:Reign
357:Khufu
326:...ka
283:Latin
121:b3-k3
106:Nomen
52:Reign
3922:Geta
3841:Otho
3831:Nero
3549:XXXI
3534:Teos
3481:XXIX
3346:XXVI
3331:Late
3308:male
3268:Late
3221:Piye
3190:XXIV
3096:Pami
3046:XXII
2635:and
2551:XVII
2297:Nuya
1966:XIII
1775:male
1737:and
1627:Khui
1524:VIII
1447:Teti
1429:Unas
1314:Huni
1116:Qa'a
1096:Djet
1091:Djer
999:Bull
978:Fish
944:Wash
925:Mekh
801:male
687:ISBN
662:ISBN
613:ISBN
571:ISBN
535:Baka
503:The
426:Baka
413:Baka
405:X-ka
395:and
379:and
117:Baka
3521:XXX
3270:to
3213:XXV
2936:XXI
2801:XIX
2418:XVI
2198:XIV
2046:Hor
1887:XII
1520:VII
1265:III
1101:Den
897:Tiu
763:to
681:(=
607:(=
565:(=
417:ram
314:ink
300:at
78:(?)
67:(?)
4271::
4231:31
4226:30
4221:27
4216:26
4211:25
4206:24
4196:20
4191:19
4186:18
4181:12
4176:11
2854:XX
2786:Ay
2350:XV
1813:XI
1645:IX
1439:VI
1324:IV
1164:Ba
1140:II
1079:/
1038:/
1024:Ka
876:Pu
698:^
641:^
582:^
552:^
452:Ra
437:.
363:,
328:.
322:Ka
4171:4
4167:3
4164:2
4160:1
1685:X
1522:/
1381:V
1069:I
964:A
932:A
740:e
733:t
726:v
250:(
99:.
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