3448:
121:, the political ADC to the Secretary of State for India. In the aftermath of the assassination, India House was rapidly suppressed. Evidence found showed that Browning pistols were being sent to India in order to bring about an armed revolution. Savarkar was deported from England, and denied asylum by the French government on a stop in Marseilles) while Krishna Varma successfully fled to
255:
With the help of
Oppenheim, messages were sent out to Indian students in German universities, as well as Switzerland, Austria and the Netherlands, who were likely to share the same views. Among those who joined the organisation at the time were Dr. Dhiren Sarkar, Chanji Kersasp, N. S. Marathe, Dr.
365:
after 1915) created an Indo-German-Turkish mission to the Indo-Iranian border to encourage the tribes to strike against
British interests. At this time, the Berlin Committee was in touch with the Khairi brothers (Abdul Jabbar Khairi and Abdul Sattar Khairi) who had settled in
279:, then in the United States. The latter was suspected by British intelligence in the United States to be deeply involved in the seditionist movement although he personally refused to enter an alliance with another Imperialist Power. In 1915,
3847:
997:
183:
in Russia. As these students were political novices, Oppenheim sought to find more prominent revolutionaries who would carry more weight in the community. Otto
Gunther von Wesendonck, a young officer of the
35:) after 1915, was an organisation formed in Germany in 1914 during World War I by Indian students and political activists residing in the country. The purpose of the committee was to promote the cause of
152:
had considered the option on 31 July 1914 when
Russian mobilisation was confirmed, and the scope of British mobilisation against Germany was becoming evident. In September 1914, the German Chancellor,
443:
and other prominent nationalists from the Berlin group. Known as the
NiedermayerâHentig mission, it brought members of the Indian movement to India's border, and carried messages from the Kaiser,
558:, with associated liaisons of the German mission had a profound effect on the political and social situation in Afghanistan. It catalyzed political change that ended with the assassination of
554:
before meeting the Kaiser in Berlin; he urged both to mobilise against
British India. Under pressure from the British, the Afghans withdrew their cooperation and the mission closed down. The
964:
Seidt, Hans-Ulrich (2001), "From
Palestine to the Caucasus-Oskar Niedermayer and Germany's Middle Eastern Strategy in 1918.German Studies Review, Vol. 24, No. 1. (Feb., 2001), pp. 1-18",
466:
Although the Amir made no commitment to the group, they found support amongst the Amir's immediate and close political and religious advisory group, including his brother
321:. They visited armament and explosives factories to identify war material, and met with Indian prisoners-of-war held in Germany to recruit them to the nationalist cause.
4014:
3701:
2492:
930:
Sims-Williams, Ursula (1980), "The Afghan
Newspaper Siraj al-Akhbar. Bulletin (British Society for Middle Eastern Studies), Vol. 7, No. 2. (1980), pp. 118â122",
325:, who had fled to Germany after his arrest in the United States, was convinced to lend his support to the committee's cause. They established contacts with the
1049:
233:
Facilitate repatriation of Indian patriots in Europe and provide asylum in case of failure (and not yield to pressure as had happened in the case of
Savarkar)
190:, was given the task of organising revolutionary outbreaks along the Indian and Russian border. With the help of their close acquaintance Anna Maria Simon,
2358:
998:"Unternehmungen und Aufwiegelungen": Das Berliner Indische UnabhĂ€ngigkeitskomitee in den Akten des Politischen Archivs des AuswĂ€rtigen Amts (1914â1920).
39:. Initially called the BerlinâIndian Committee, the organisation was renamed the Indian Independence Committee and came to be an integral part of the
3367:
514:
2348:
459:, expressing support for Pratap's mission. They asked the Amir to move against India. The mission's immediate goal was to rally the Amir against
87:
and others, offered scholarships to Indian students, promoted nationalistic work, and was a major platform for anti-colonial opinions and views.
546:
in Russia in 1917, Pratap's
Government is known to have corresponded with the nascent Soviet Government. In 1918, Pratap met the Russian leader
3394:
2501:
1299:
903:
Fraser, Thomas G (1977), "Germany and Indian Revolution, 1914â18. Journal of Contemporary History, Vol. 12, No. 2 (Apr., 1977), pp. 255â272.",
806:
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became actively involved in the Berlin Committee and its goals. The committee is known to have sent missions to the Middle Eastern cities of
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530:
329:
in the United States. Dr. Dhiren Sarkar and N.S. Marathe left for Washington, D.C., on 22 September 1915 and, through the German Ambassador,
210:
in addition to Germany, attracting editorial comments. The duo, with the help of Frau Simon, set up meetings with the Berlin Foreign office.
94:
published by Krishna Varma, was a notable anti-colonial publication. Prominent Indian Nationalists associated with the India House included
947:
Hughes, Thomas L (2002), "The German Mission to Afghanistan, 1915â1916.German Studies Review, Vol. 25, No. 3. (Oct., 2002), pp. 447â476.",
2485:
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which proposed killing British colonial officials. English detectives followed and watched the student leaders in India House. In 1909,
2550:
2343:
1557:
1042:
886:
Hoover, Karl. (1985), "The Hindu Conspiracy in California, 1913â1918. German Studies Review, Vol. 8, No. 2. (May, 1985), pp. 245â261",
379:
125:. Those who continued the struggle, including Virendranath Chattopadhyaya, moved to Germany, while a number of the leadership moved to
137:
At the outbreak of World War I, Indian nationalists looked for ways to use the enmities to support their goals. As early as 1912, the
2378:
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179:), along with Abd ur Rahman and A Siddiqui, had issued statements condemning England and France for their support of the
109:
The British government kept track of India House because of the nature of its work and the increasingly inciting tone of
922:
Pan-Islam and the Making of the Early Indian Muslim Socialist. Modern Asian Studies, Vol. 20, No. 3. (1986), pp. 509â537
578:
The committee was formally disbanded in November 1918, with most of the members shifting their attention to the nascent
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in October 1915 with plans to initiate a Muslim insurrection in the tribal belt of India. Ubaid Allah proposed that the
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226:, on 3 September 1915, Chattopadhyay (also known as Chatto) identified the goals and requirements of the committee:
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should declare war against Britain while Mahmud al Hasan sought German and Turkish help. Hasan proceeded to
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Its formation infers the seriousness of intention and purpose of the revolutionaries. The government had
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Dignan, Don (February 1971), "The Hindu Conspiracy in Anglo-American Relations during World War I",
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423:" against Britain, decided that the pan-Islamic cause would be better served by focusing on the
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164:. He was to organize the Indian student groups into a cohesive group. Oppenheim also convinced
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articles and propaganda. By May 1916, the tone in the paper was deemed serious enough for the
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427:. This group was met by the Indo-German-Turkish mission to Kabul in December 1915, headed by
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suburbs, as their new headquarters. In their first meeting with the foreign office liaison
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333:, established links with the Ghadar Party. The culmination of the American efforts was the
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478:, and religious leaders and tribesmen. Afghanistan's then most influential newspaper, the
8:
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and to obtain a right of free passage for the conspirators from the Afghan Government.
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no concession to Indian Principalities opposed to the plan to form a Socialist Republic
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in England in 1905. This organisation, with the support of Indian luminaries like
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A group of Indians resident in Germany, headed by M. Prabhakar (then teaching at
80:
28:
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issued similar statements against Britain and France, which were distributed in
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The committee soon established contacts with Indian revolutionaries, including
236:
train Indians at Spandau and other military bases, including on submarine mines
142:
406:. Ubaid Allah, in the meantime, established friendly relations with the Amir.
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3927:
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1084:
579:
547:
483:
326:
16:
Pan-Indian independence think tank and conspiracy circle in WW1-era Germany
3345:
772:
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1995:
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At Kabul, Ubaid Allah, along with some students who had preceded him to
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2020:
1970:
1885:
1537:
1421:
1256:
989:
857:
582:. Between 1917 and 1920, most of the members became active Communists.
498:
to intercept its issues. In 1916, the Berlin Committee established the
482:, took Barkatullah as an officiating editor in early 1916. Its editor
129:. This set of fugitives would later coalesce in the Berlin Committee.
3917:
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3157:
3137:
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3037:
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2080:
2055:
1990:
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1642:
1542:
551:
280:
165:
103:
973:
841:
230:
For the Germans to provide money, arms, experts in military strategy
3675:
3420:
2717:
2560:
1587:
1231:
1022:
1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War
383:
374:. In 1917 they had proposed to the Kaiser a plan to lead tribes in
367:
288:
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1747:
452:
375:
292:
145:
revolutionary movement in India to weaken the British position.
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1271:
414:
272:
122:
513:
as Prime Minister, Ubaid al Sindhi as the Minister for India,
535:
456:
419:
403:
395:
296:
126:
267:
Although the group urged him, Oppenheim refused to approach
260:, and C. Padmanabhan Pillai, quickly joined by his brother,
573:
180:
117:, closely associated with the India House, shot and killed
218:
Arriving at Berlin, they were assigned a building in the
521:
as Foreign Minister. It tried to gain support from the
435:, the German diplomatic representative to Kabul; and
382:
against British interests. Another group, led by the
264:. The 'Champak-Chatto' Berlin Committee was founded.
160:, an archaeologist and the head of the newly formed
755:
753:
740:
738:
713:
711:
709:
707:
2500:
864:Newsletter of the Regional Office-South East Asia
3991:
1057:
750:
735:
704:
490:, as well as increasingly anti-British and pro-
486:published a number of inflammatory articles by
141:had considered supporting the Pan-Islamist and
4015:Revolutionary movement for Indian independence
361:The Berlin-Indian Committee (which became the
3361:
2486:
1043:
929:
717:
836:(1), University of California Press: 57â76,
3375:
659:
657:
632:
630:
628:
3368:
3354:
2551:Hindustan Socialist Republican Association
2493:
2479:
1558:Hindustan Socialist Republican Association
1050:
1036:
805:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
777:. Prashad, Vijay. New Delhi, India. 2016.
607:"Champak-Chatto" And the Berlin Committee"
306:
870:"Champak-Chatto And the Berlin Committee"
601:
599:
597:
595:
570:began, which led to Afghan Independence.
245:provide 10 rupee banknotes for secret use
654:
625:
609:. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. Archived from
574:End of the Indian Independence Committee
242:provide aircraft for propaganda airdrops
3992:
946:
919:
902:
885:
827:
759:
744:
698:
686:
675:
663:
648:
636:
592:
239:publish literature in Indian languages
3349:
2474:
1031:
963:
934:, London, Taylor & Francis Ltd.,
729:
562:in 1919 and the transfer of power to
1018:Berlin Indian Independence Committee
43:. Members of the committee included
866:. German Academic Exchange Service.
213:
168:of the feasibility of the project.
13:
566:and, subsequently, AmÄnullah; the
14:
4026:
1010:
3730:Intelligence Bureau for the East
3446:
1252:Muslim nationalism in South Asia
431:and including among its members
340:
248:support with radio communication
162:Intelligence Bureau for the East
33:Indisches UnabhÀngigkeitskomitee
3826:Provisional Government of India
1492:Provisional Government of India
905:Journal of Contemporary History
765:
500:Provisional Government of India
386:Maulana Ubaid Allah Sindhi and
347:Provisional Government of India
98:(also known as Veer Savarkar),
968:, German Studies Association,
951:, German Studies Association,
890:, German Studies Association,
723:
692:
680:
669:
642:
132:
1:
3866:Indian Political Intelligence
3831:HinduâGerman Conspiracy Trial
3720:Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg
3320:Howrah-Sibpur Conspiracy case
3315:HinduâGerman Conspiracy Trial
2502:Indian Revolutionary Movement
830:The Pacific Historical Review
821:
556:NiedermayerâHentig Expedition
363:Indian Independence Committee
357:NiedermayerâHentig Expedition
154:Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg
67:A number of Indians, notably
62:
25:Indian Independence Committee
4000:Indian independence movement
3954:Ingress into India Ordinance
3806:Lahore Conspiracy Case trial
3692:Muhammad Mian Mansoor Ansari
3391:Indian independence movement
3330:Lahore Conspiracy Case trial
3183:Thakur Zorawar Singh Barhath
2993:Pandurang Sadashiv Khankhoje
2593:Abinash Chandra Bhattacharya
2101:Muhammad Mian Mansoor Ansari
1377:Chauri Chaura incident, 1922
1059:Indian independence movement
924:, Cambridge University Press
380:North-West Frontier Province
7:
3305:Delhi Conspiracy Commission
3218:Virendranath Chattopadhyaya
3178:Thakur Kesari Singh Barhath
2888:Kunwar Pratap Singh Barhath
2291:Virendranath Chattopadhyaya
1678:Gazulu Lakshminarasu Chetty
533:joined them in proclaiming
196:Virendranath Chattopadhyaya
100:Virendranath Chattopadhyaya
45:Virendranath Chattopadhyaya
10:
4031:
3013:Pradyot Kumar Bhattacharya
2577:Workers and Peasants Party
2026:Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi
1578:Indian Independence League
1295:Partition of Bengal (1947)
1290:Partition of Bengal (1905)
350:
344:
310:
275:, nor did he try to reach
119:William Hutt Curzon Wyllie
3969:Jallianwala Bagh massacre
3949:Defence of India Act 1915
3936:
3846:
3775:
3712:
3627:
3562:
3455:
3444:
3383:
3272:
3241:
2848:Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee
2743:Chittapriya Ray Chaudhuri
2585:
2508:
2417:
2316:
2201:Sibghatullah Shah Rashidi
2001:Inayatullah Khan Mashriqi
1821:
1698:Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
1618:
1573:Indian Home Rule movement
1515:
1412:Fourteen Points of Jinnah
1352:Jallianwala Bagh massacre
1280:
1217:
1065:
3665:Amarendranath Chatterjee
3335:Rodda company arms heist
3213:Vinayak Damodar Savarkar
2440:Indian annexation of Goa
2286:Vinayak Damodar Savarkar
1798:Vinayak Damodar Savarkar
1563:Indian National Congress
1362:Non-cooperation movement
1003:MIDA Archival Reflexicon
585:
96:Vinayak Damodar Savarkar
4010:HinduâGerman Conspiracy
3377:HinduâGerman Conspiracy
3290:Chittagong Armoury Raid
3285:Barisal Conspiracy Case
3228:Vishwanath Vaishampayan
3003:Pramod Ranjan Choudhury
2988:Pandurang Mahadev Bapat
2918:Manoranjan Bhattacharya
2763:Ganesh Damodar Savarkar
2536:Communist Consolidation
2445:Indian Independence Act
2031:Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan
2006:Jatindra Mohan Sengupta
1976:Dukkipati Nageswara Rao
1713:Kandukuri Veeresalingam
1693:Gopaldas Ambaidas Desai
1528:All-India Muslim League
1482:Royal Air Force strikes
1447:Round table conferences
1437:Chittagong armoury raid
1327:HinduâGerman Conspiracy
1310:Delhi-Lahore Conspiracy
1080:Porto Grande de Bengala
1006:, ISSN 2628-5029, 1â11.
996:Liebau, Heike (2019): "
425:Indian Freedom Movement
313:HinduâGerman Conspiracy
307:HinduâGerman Conspiracy
111:The Indian Sociologist,
41:HinduâGerman Conspiracy
4005:Independence movements
3816:Silk Letter Conspiracy
3008:Pratul Chandra Ganguli
2723:Binod Bihari Chowdhury
2541:Dhaka Anushilan Samiti
2516:Abhinav Bharat Society
2231:Syama Prasad Mukherjee
2136:Purushottam Das Tandon
1502:Praja Mandala movement
1316:The Indian Sociologist
881:Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan
568:Third Anglo-Afghan War
433:Werner Otto von Hentig
335:Annie Larsen arms plot
175:after graduating from
90:The Indian Sociologist
32:
3602:Abhinash Bhattacharya
3401:Shyamji Krishna Varma
3300:Delhi conspiracy case
3254:Bande Mataram (Paris)
3118:Shyamji Krishna Varma
3083:Sachindra Nath Sanyal
3048:Ram Chandra Bharadwaj
2983:Panchanan Chakraborty
2933:Mohan Kishore Namadas
2868:Krishnaji Gopal Karve
2703:Bhupendra Kumar Datta
2688:Bhagwati Charan Vohra
2567:Naujawan Bharat Sabha
2455:Political integration
2196:Shyamji Krishna Varma
1981:Gopal Krishna Gokhale
1926:Bhupendra Kumar Datta
1758:Rettamalai Srinivasan
1718:Mahadev Govind Ranade
1523:All India Kisan Sabha
1487:Coup d'Ă©tat of Yanaon
1387:Qissa Khwani massacre
1372:Coolie-Begar movement
1187:Second Anglo-Sikh War
966:German Studies Review
949:German Studies Review
920:Ansari, K.H. (1986),
907:, Sage Publications,
888:German Studies Review
809:) CS1 maint: others (
429:Oskar von Niedermayer
353:Oskar von Niedermayer
192:Abhinash Bhattacharya
139:German Foreign Office
69:Shyamji Krishna Varma
23:, later known as the
3848:Counter-intelligence
3223:Vishnu Ganesh Pingle
3113:Shrish Chandra Ghosh
2873:Kartar Singh Sarabha
2738:Chandra Shekhar Azad
2733:Chempakaraman Pillai
2728:Bipin Behari Ganguli
2683:Bhagwan Singh Gyanee
2658:Basanta Kumar Biswas
2613:Anant Laxman Kanhere
2608:Alluri Sitarama Raju
2572:Paris Indian Society
2281:Veeran Sundaralingam
2236:Tara Rani Srivastava
2171:Sahajanand Saraswati
2061:Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi
1946:Chandra Shekhar Azad
1851:Alluri Sitarama Raju
1808:Vitthal Ramji Shinde
1763:Sahajanand Saraswati
1683:Gopal Ganesh Agarkar
1583:Indian National Army
1427:Dharasana Satyagraha
1332:Champaran Satyagraha
1182:First Anglo-Sikh War
517:as War Minister and
507:Raja Mahendra Pratap
488:Raja Mahendra Pratap
437:Raja Mahendra Pratap
370:at the onset of the
331:Johann von Bernstoff
269:Shyamji Krishnavarma
262:Champak Raman Pillai
102:(alias Chatto), and
57:Abinash Bhattacharya
49:Chempakaraman Pillai
3923:W. Somerset Maugham
3597:Bhupendranath Datta
3473:Pandurang Khankhoje
3173:Tarakeswar Sengupta
3168:Tarakeswar Dastidar
3088:Santosh Kumar Mitra
3018:Prem Krishna Khanna
2843:Jnanendra Das Gupta
2828:Jadugopal Mukherjee
2773:Gaya Prasad Katiyar
2708:Bhupendranath Datta
2266:V. K. Krishna Menon
2211:Subhas Chandra Bose
2096:Muhammad Ali Jinnah
2091:Mohammad Ali Jauhar
1986:Govind Ballabh Pant
1966:Dayananda Saraswati
1891:Bal Gangadhar Tilak
1688:Gopal Hari Deshmukh
1668:Dhondo Keshav Karve
1663:Dayananda Saraswati
1658:Bal Gangadhar Tilak
1633:A. Vaidyanatha Iyer
1146:Anglo-Maratha Wars
875:8 June 2008 at the
774:Communist histories
544:February Revolution
400:Amir of Afghanistan
394:), had traveled to
392:Darul Uloom Deoband
85:Madame Bhikaji Cama
53:Jnanendra Das Gupta
37:Indian Independence
3944:Lawrence of Arabia
3928:East Persia Cordon
3811:Christmas Day Plot
3650:Bhavabhushan Mitra
3295:Christmas Day Plot
3123:Sohan Singh Bhakna
3093:Satyendranath Bosu
3053:Ramakrishna Biswas
3023:Pritilata Waddedar
2973:Nirmal Jibon Ghosh
2958:Narendra Mohan Sen
2953:Munsha Singh Dukhi
2913:Manmath Nath Gupta
2818:Hemchandra Kanungo
2813:Harnam Singh Saini
2808:Hari Kishan Talwar
2793:Hare Krishna Konar
2713:Bhavabhushan Mitra
2633:Atul Krishna Ghosh
2598:Ambika Chakrabarty
2450:Partition of India
2296:Yashwantrao Holkar
2261:V. O. Chidamabaram
2216:Subramania Bharati
2146:Rahul Sankrityayan
2131:Pritilata Waddedar
2041:Shri Krishna Singh
1941:C. Rajagopalachari
1931:Bidhan Chandra Roy
1916:Bhavabhushan Mitra
1901:Begum Hazrat Mahal
1856:Annapurna Maharana
1728:Muthulakshmi Reddy
1673:G. Subramania Iyer
1367:Christmas Day Plot
1242:Indian nationalism
1192:Sannyasi rebellion
1090:East India Company
718:Sims-Williams 1980
519:Champakaran Pillai
390:(principle of the
327:Ghadarite movement
3987:
3986:
3964:Rowlatt Committee
3735:Max von Oppenheim
3687:Ubaidullah Sindhi
3670:Atulkrishna Ghosh
3505:Baba Gurdit Singh
3426:Alipore Bomb Case
3343:
3342:
3325:Kakori conspiracy
3280:Alipore Bomb case
3058:Ram Prasad Bismil
2978:Pandit Kanshi Ram
2968:Niranjan Sengupta
2903:Madan Lal Dhingra
2833:Jatindra Nath Das
2526:Bengal Volunteers
2468:
2467:
2435:Republic of India
2271:Vallabhbhai Patel
2256:Ubaidullah Sindhi
2156:Ram Prasad Bismil
2051:M. Bhaktavatsalam
2011:Jatindra Nath Das
1936:Bipin Chandra Pal
1871:Babu Kunwar Singh
1841:Achyut Patwardhan
1598:Khudai Khidmatgar
1442:GandhiâIrwin Pact
1382:Kakori conspiracy
1342:Rowlatt Committee
1305:Direct Action Day
1267:Swadeshi movement
1247:Khilafat Movement
1237:Hindu nationalism
1197:Rebellion of 1857
1120:Anglo-Mysore Wars
1110:Battle of Plassey
784:978-93-80118-33-8
539:against Britain.
224:Max von Oppenheim
158:Max von Oppenheim
115:Madan Lal Dhingra
71:, had formed the
4022:
3801:Singapore mutiny
3697:Sufi Amba Prasad
3612:Herambalal Gupta
3587:M. P. T. Acharya
3564:Berlin Committee
3479:Hindustan Ghadar
3450:
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3416:Anushilan Samiti
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3259:Hindustan Ghadar
3208:Veer Bhai Kotwal
3153:Suniti Choudhury
3108:Shivaram Rajguru
3078:Sachindra Bakshi
3068:Rash Behari Bose
3028:Pulin Behari Das
2943:M. P. T. Acharya
2783:Guran Ditt Kumar
2668:Batukeshwar Dutt
2648:Baikuntha Shukla
2623:Anantahari Mitra
2531:Berlin Committee
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2251:Tiruppur Kumaran
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2176:Sangolli Rayanna
2166:Rash Behari Bose
2106:Nagnath Naikwadi
2016:Jawaharlal Nehru
1961:Dadabhai Naoroji
1956:Chittaranjan Das
1846:A. K. Fazlul Huq
1768:Savitribai Phule
1593:Khaksar movement
1548:Berlin Committee
1533:Anushilan Samiti
1497:Independence Day
1457:Aundh Experiment
1432:Vedaranyam March
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47:(alias Chatto),
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3490:Ghadar Movement
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2963:Niralamba Swami
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2628:Ashfaqulla Khan
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2425:Cabinet Mission
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2301:Yogendra Shukla
2206:Siraj ud-Daulah
2161:Rani Lakshmibai
2151:Rajendra Prasad
2141:R. Venkataraman
2086:Mithuben Petitâ
2066:Mahadaji Shinde
2046:Lala Lajpat Rai
1881:Bahadur Shah II
1866:Ashfaqulla Khan
1836:Accamma Cherian
1831:Abul Kalam Azad
1823:
1817:
1788:Syed Ahmad Khan
1778:Sister Nivedita
1743:Pandita Ramabai
1738:Niralamba Swami
1703:J. B. Kripalani
1628:Ashfaqulla Khan
1620:
1614:
1553:Ghadar Movement
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1392:Flag Satyagraha
1300:Revolutionaries
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1115:Battle of Buxar
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2126:Prafulla Chaki
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2071:Mahatma Gandhi
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613:on 8 June 2008
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542:Following the
523:Russian Empire
515:Maulavi Bashir
509:as president,
492:Central Powers
476:AmÄnullÄh KhÄn
468:Nasrullah Khan
411:Ottoman Turkey
345:Main article:
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323:Lala Har Dayal
311:Main article:
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3678:
3677:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3645:Sachin Sanyal
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3632:
3630:
3626:
3620:
3619:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3569:
3567:
3565:
3561:
3555:
3554:
3550:
3548:
3547:Agnes Smedley
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3537:Vishnu Pingle
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3517:Bhagwan Singh
3515:
3513:
3512:
3511:Komagata Maru
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3480:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3460:
3458:
3454:
3449:
3439:
3438:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3406:Bhikaiji Cama
3404:
3402:
3399:
3396:
3392:
3389:
3388:
3386:
3382:
3378:
3371:
3366:
3364:
3359:
3357:
3352:
3351:
3348:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3310:Ghadar Mutiny
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3271:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3249:Bande Mataram
3247:
3246:
3244:
3240:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3133:Sri Aurobindo
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3098:Satish Sardar
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2908:Mahavir Singh
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2893:Kushal Konwar
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2883:Khudiram Bose
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2858:Kalpana Datta
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2838:Jiban Ghoshal
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2803:Harigopal Bal
2801:
2799:
2798:Haridas Dutta
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2663:Basawon Singh
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2584:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2509:Organizations
2507:
2503:
2496:
2491:
2489:
2484:
2482:
2477:
2476:
2473:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2416:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2315:
2309:
2308:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2186:Satyapal Dang
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2111:Nana Fadnavis
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2076:Mangal Pandey
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2036:Khudiram Bose
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1951:Chetram Jatav
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1921:Bhikaiji Cama
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1911:Bharathidasan
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1896:Basawon Singh
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1820:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1783:Sri Aurobindo
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1753:Ram Mohan Roy
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1733:Narayana Guru
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1625:
1623:
1617:
1611:
1610:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1516:Organisations
1514:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1477:Bombay Mutiny
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1462:Indian Legion
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1402:1928 Protests
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1347:Rowlatt Bills
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1317:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1285:
1279:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1222:
1216:
1210:
1209:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1145:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1053:
1048:
1046:
1041:
1039:
1034:
1033:
1030:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1014:
1005:
1004:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
962:
958:
954:
950:
945:
941:
937:
933:
928:
923:
918:
914:
910:
906:
901:
897:
893:
889:
884:
882:
878:
874:
871:
868:
865:
862:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
826:
825:
812:
808:
802:
794:
790:
786:
780:
776:
775:
768:
762:, p. 474
761:
756:
754:
747:, p. 516
746:
741:
739:
732:, p. 1,3
731:
726:
720:, p. 120
719:
714:
712:
710:
708:
701:, p. 515
700:
695:
689:, p. 514
688:
683:
677:
672:
666:, p. 257
665:
660:
658:
651:, p. 251
650:
645:
639:, p. 256
638:
633:
631:
629:
612:
608:
602:
600:
598:
596:
591:
583:
581:
580:Soviet Russia
571:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
540:
538:
537:
532:
529:, and Japan.
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
503:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
464:
462:
461:British India
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
421:
416:
412:
407:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
364:
358:
354:
348:
341:Kabul mission
338:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
314:
304:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
265:
263:
259:
250:
247:
244:
241:
238:
235:
232:
229:
228:
227:
225:
221:
211:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
188:
182:
178:
174:
169:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
146:
144:
140:
130:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
107:
105:
101:
97:
93:
91:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
60:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
3974:Pan-Asianism
3895:
3891:Kirpal Singh
3836:
3789:
3783:Annie Larsen
3765:
3702:
3674:
3660:Pritam Singh
3617:
3582:A. R. Pillai
3563:
3552:
3532:Kartar Singh
3509:
3477:
3436:
3242:Publications
3203:Vanchinathan
3073:Roshan Singh
3033:P. V. Kurian
2928:Mohit Moitra
2898:Lokenath Bal
2768:Ganesh Ghosh
2753:Dinesh Gupta
2678:Bhagat Singh
2618:Ananta Singh
2546:Ghadar Party
2530:
2430:Constitution
2418:Independence
2305:
2276:Vanchinathan
1906:Bhagat Singh
1861:Annie Besant
1822:Independence
1803:Vinoba Bhave
1607:
1603:Swaraj Party
1547:
1507:Lucknow Pact
1417:Purna Swaraj
1407:Nehru Report
1314:
1218:Philosophies
1206:
1172:Polygar Wars
1100:French India
1085:Dutch Bengal
1075:Colonisation
1001:
965:
948:
931:
921:
904:
887:
833:
829:
773:
767:
725:
694:
682:
671:
644:
615:. Retrieved
611:the original
577:
548:Leon Trotsky
541:
534:
504:
484:Mahmud Tarzi
479:
465:
418:
413:to join the
408:
362:
360:
316:
266:
254:
217:
185:
170:
147:
136:
110:
108:
88:
66:
24:
20:
18:
3881:Vernon Kell
3760:Niedermayer
3640:Rash Behari
3635:Bagha Jatin
3592:Barkatullah
3527:Ram Chandra
3468:Sohan Singh
3411:India House
3188:Udham Singh
2948:Mukundi Lal
2938:Motilal Roy
2878:Kishori Lal
2863:Kalyani Das
2823:Hemu Kalani
2653:Banwari Lal
2643:Bagha Jatin
2638:Badal Gupta
2556:India House
2374:Mountbatten
1996:Hemu Kalani
1876:Bagha Jatin
1813:Vivekananda
1568:India House
1452:Act of 1935
1227:Ambedkarism
1095:British Raj
760:Hughes 2002
745:Ansari 1986
699:Ansari 1986
687:Ansari 1986
676:Dignan 1971
664:Fraser 1977
649:Hoover 1985
637:Fraser 1977
531:Galib Pasha
511:Barkatullah
496:British Raj
470:, his sons
449:Abbas Hilmi
445:Enver Pasha
441:Barkatullah
372:World War I
319:Bagha Jatin
301:Afghanistan
285:Barkatullah
208:Netherlands
204:Switzerland
133:World War I
73:India House
3994:Categories
3776:Conspiracy
3725:Zimmermann
3542:Kanshi Ram
3500:Guran Ditt
3495:Tarak Nath
3384:Background
3143:Subodh Roy
3103:Shiv Verma
2778:Gulab Kaur
2748:Deba Gupta
2673:Benoy Basu
2603:Ajoy Ghosh
2563:(Yugantar)
2404:Linlithgow
2344:Chelmsford
2334:Cornwallis
2246:Tatya Tope
2116:Nana Saheb
2021:K. Kamaraj
1971:Dhan Singh
1886:Bakht Khan
1538:Arya Samaj
1472:Quit India
1422:Salt March
1281:Events and
1257:Satyagraha
822:References
730:Seidt 2001
617:4 November
560:Habibullah
502:in Kabul.
351:See also:
271:, then in
220:Schöneberg
177:Heidelberg
173:DĂŒsseldorf
63:Background
3918:Guy Gaunt
3655:M. N. Roy
3158:Surya Sen
3138:Srish Pal
3063:Ram Rakha
3038:Rajat Sen
2788:Har Dayal
2379:Wellesley
2364:Dalhousie
2226:Surya Sen
2121:P. Kakkan
2081:Mir Qasim
2056:M. N. Roy
1991:Har Dayal
1824:activists
1653:Baba Amte
1643:Ayyankali
1621:reformers
1543:Azad Hind
1283:movements
1262:Socialism
982:0149-7952
957:0149-7952
940:0305-6139
913:0022-0094
896:0149-7952
850:0030-8684
801:cite book
793:954115551
564:Nasrullah
552:Petrograd
281:Har Dayal
166:Har Dayal
104:Har Dayal
3790:Maverick
3676:Deobandi
3463:Hardayal
3421:Jugantar
3395:militant
2718:Bina Das
2561:Jugantar
2409:Hastings
2369:Bentinck
1588:Jugantar
1232:Gandhism
932:Bulletin
873:Archived
384:Deobandi
368:Istanbul
289:Istanbul
206:and the
3577:Champak
2329:Canning
1748:Periyar
1397:Bardoli
1165:Gwalior
1067:History
990:1433153
858:3637829
453:Khedive
376:Kashmir
293:Baghdad
143:Bengali
3876:MI5(g)
3755:Hentig
3572:Chatto
3456:Ghadar
3273:Events
2586:People
2399:Cripps
2394:Outram
2384:Lytton
2349:Curzon
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1619:Social
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1155:Second
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1160:Third
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1125:First
986:JSTOR
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586:Notes
536:jihad
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619:2007
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