India House - Knowledge

414:. Open to "Indians only", the IHRS garnered significant support from Indians – especially students – living in Britain. Funds received by Indian students as scholarships and bursaries from universities also found their way to the organisation. Following the model of Victorian public institutions, the IHRS adopted a constitution. The aim of the IHRS, clearly articulated in this constitution, was to "secure Home Rule for India, and to carry on a genuine Indian propaganda in this country by all practicable means". It recruited young Indian activists, raised funds, and possibly collected arms and maintained contact with revolutionary movements in India. When Savarkarcame He changed it as Indian Home Rule Society The group professed support for causes in sympathy with its own, such as Turkish, Egyptian and Irish republican nationalism. 464: 728:

were revolutionary activities which the masses could emulate, but which did not require a mass movement. The outbuilding of India House was converted to a "war workshop" where chemistry students attempted to produce explosives and manufacture bombs, while the printing press turned out "seditious" literature, including bomb-making manuals and pamphlets promoting violence toward Europeans in India. In the house was an arsenal of small arms that were intermittently dispatched to India through different avenues. Savarkar was at the heart of these, spending a great deal of time in the explosives workshop and emerging on some evenings, according to a fellow revolutionary, "with telltale yellow stains of

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was followed by reports of Savarkar and V.V.S. Aiyar (who was considered his lieutenant) advising M.P.T. Acharya on acts of martyrdom. Following the arrest and subsequent transportation of Savarkar's elder brother Ganesh in India on 9 June 1909, C reported increasing ferocity and calls for vengeance in Savarkar's speeches. In the following weeks, Savarkar was barred from joining the bar due to his political activity. These were the events leading up to the assassination of Sir Curzon Wyllie. Although it was believed that Savarkar may have personally instructed or trained Dhingra, Metropolitan police were unable to bring a prosecution against the former since he had an alibi for the night.

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Europeans was by invitation only). The agent passed on some additional information, but was not able to infiltrate Savarkar's inner circle. Savarkar himself did not come under special scrutiny as a dangerous suspect until November 1909, when the agent delivered information about discussions of assassinations at Indian House. The agent may have been a young Maharashtrian by the name of Kirtikar, who had arrived at India House as an acquaintance of V.V.S. Aiyar, ostensibly to study dentistry in London. Kirtikar was discovered after Aiyar made enquiries at the London Hospital where he was supposed to be training, and was one night forced by Savarkar to confess at gun-point.

216:'s rule in the Indian subcontinent during the 18th century brought about socio-economic changes which led to the rise of an Indian middle class and steadily eroded pre-colonial socio-religious institutions and barriers. The emerging economic and financial power of Indian business-owners and merchants and the professional class brought them increasingly into conflict with the British Raj. A rising political consciousness among the native Indian social elite (including lawyers, doctors, university graduates, government officials and similar groups) spawned an Indian identity and fed a growing nationalist sentiment in India in the last decades of the nineteenth century. 876:. However, the plan failed when the ambush stormed an empty decoy van while Savarkar was transported along a different route. In the following year, police and political sources brought pressure on the residents of India House to leave England. While some of its leaders like Krishna Varma had already fled to Europe, others like Chattopadhyaya moved to Germany. Many others moved to Paris. With the influence and work of a large number of nationalist students moving to the city, the 929:

help corroborate the reports sent by Kirtikar. Although it pursued Indian students and shadowed them closely, Scotland Yard was severely criticised for its inability to penetrate the organisation. The Viceroy's secretary, William Lee-Warner, was assaulted twice in London: he was slapped in the face in his office by a young Bengali student named Kunjalal Bhattacharji and assaulted in a London park by another Indian student. The Yard's inefficiency was blamed for these events.

322: 421:, a branch of the IHRS, was launched in 1905 under the patronage of Bhikaji Cama, Sardar Singh Rana and B.H. Godrej. A number of India House members who later rose to prominence – including V.N. Chatterjee, Har Dayal and Acharya and others – first encountered the IHRS through this Paris Indian Society. Cama herself was at this time deeply involved with the Indian revolutionary cause, and she nurtured close links with both 1571: 1446:. The Paris Indian Society became one of the most powerful Indian organisations outside India at the time, and grew to initiate contacts with not only French Socialists, but also those in continental Europe. It sent delegates to the International Socialist Congress in August 1910, where Krishna Varma and Iyer succeeded in having a resolution passed demanding Savarkar's release and his extradition to France. 33: 1277: 653:. Savarkar had lived in Paris for some time, and frequently visited the city after moving to London. By 1908, he had recruited to the organisation a number of Indian businessmen residing in Paris. During one visit, Savarkar met Gandhi again when the latter visited India House in 1906 and 1909, and his hardline views may have influenced Gandhi's opinion on nationalist violence. 1104:, were opposed to the activities of Savarkar and Dhingra, and disputed the argument that violence was innocent if perpetrated under a nationalist identity or while under Colonial victimhood. It was against this strategy of revolutionary violence – and in recognition of its consequences – that the formative background of Gandhian nonviolence was framed. 1605:. Spread over 52 acres, the memorial complex houses a replica of India House building at Highgate along with statues of Krishna Varma and his wife. Urns containing Krishna Verma's ashes, those of his wife, and a gallery dedicated to earlier activists of Indian independence movement is housed within the memorial. Krishna Verma was disbarred from the 793: 977:'s home" by the Indian students in the city. In addition, although student political activism could not be curtailed too heavily for fear of accusations of repression, the British Government successfully implemented laws to curtail the publication and distribution of nationalist or seditious material from Britain. Among these was 1086:. The assassination of Curzon Wyllie was highly publicised. The symbolic impact of Dhingra's actions on the colonial authorities and on the Indian revolutionary movement was profound at the time. The British empire had never been targeted in its own metropolis. Dhingra's last statement is said to have earned the admiration of 965:. This led to the opening of an Indian Special Branch with a staff of 38 officers by the end of July. It received considerable resources during the investigation of Curzon Wyllie's assassination, and satisfied the demands of Indian Criminal Intelligence with regard to monitoring the Indian seditionist movement in Britain. 1211:

thin, especially since the Japanese centre lacked a strong leadership. He further feared interference from Japan, which was on friendly terms with Britain. Nonetheless, the presence of revolutionaries from Bengal and close correspondence between the London and Tokyo houses allowed the latter to gain prominence in

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considering violence as a last resort. His support was initially intellectual, and he was not actively involved in planning revolutionary violence. Freedom of the press and the liberal approach of the British establishment meant Krishna Varma could air views that would have been rapidly suppressed in India.

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theories of evolutionism and functionalism that Savarkar examined at India House strongly influenced his social and political philosophy, and helped lay the foundations of early Hindu nationalism. It charted the latter's approach to state, society and colonialism, and Spencer's doctrines led Savarkar

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after escaping from a ship that was deporting him to India. Acharya utillused press freedom in France and the socialist platform to press for Savarkar's re-extradition to France and built French public opinion in support of such moves. Under public pressure at home, the French Government conceded and

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The deliveries of weapons to India included, among others, a number of Browning pistols smuggled by Chaturbhuj Amin, Chanjeri Rao, and V. V. S. Aiyar when they returned to India. Revolutionary literature was shipped under false covers and from different addresses to prevent detection by Indian postal

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An India House was opened in Tokyo in 1907. The city – like London and New York – had by the end of the 19th century a steadily growing Indian student population, with whom Krishna Varma kept in close contact. However, Krishna Varma was initially concerned about spreading his resources too

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Unknown to Scotland Yard, by the beginning of 1909 the Indian Department of Criminal Intelligence (DCI) had made covert efforts of its own to infiltrate India House, with more success. An agent named "C" had been residing in India House for nearly a year; after convincing the residents that he was a

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Society's meetings. The members were predominantly Hindus. Most were students in their mid-twenties, and usually belonged to the Indian social elite, from families of millionaires, mill owners, lawyers and doctors. Nearly seventy people, including several women, regularly attended the Sunday evening

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intensified the process by providing an important platform from which demands could be made for political liberalisation, increased autonomy, and social reform. The leaders of the Congress advocated dialogue and debate with the Raj administration to achieve their political goals. Distinct from these

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From the time it was founded, India House cultivated a close relationship with socialist movements in Europe. Prominent Socialists of the time like Henry Hyndman were closely linked to the house. Cama cultivated a close relationship with French Socilaists and Russian communists. The IHRS delegation

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by Savarkar extolled revolutionary violence. Direct influences and incitement from India House were noted in several incidents of political violence, including assassinations, in India at the time. One of the two charges against Savarkar during his trial in Bombay was for abetting the murder of the

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Under Savarkar, the organisation became the focus of the Indian revolutionary movement abroad and one of the most important links between revolutionary violence in India and Britain. Although the organisation welcomed both moderates and those with extremist views, the former outnumbered the latter.

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on the day Dhingra was sentenced to death. A number of sources suggested the assassination was in fact Savarkar's idea, and that he planned further action in Britain as well as India. In March 1910, Savarkar was arrested upon his return to London from Paris and later deported to India. While he was

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Society had two goals: to create through propaganda in Europe and North America an Indian public opinion in favour of nationalist revolution, and to raise funds, knowledge and supplies to carry out such a revolution. It emphasised actions of self-sacrifice by its members for the Indian cause. These

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drew criticisms from ex-Indian civil servants in the British press and Parliament. Highlighting Krishna Varma's citation of British writers and lack of reference to Indian tradition or values, they argued that he was disconnected from the Indian situation and Indian feelings, and was intellectually

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adopted by Gandhi. He had met some members of India House, including Savarkar, in London as well as in India, and disagreed with the adoption of nationalist and political philosophies from the west. Gandhi dismissively labelled this revolutionary violence as anarchist and its practitioners as "The

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However, the DCI agent's first reports in early 1909 were of little value. Only in the months immediately preceding the Curzon Wyllie assassination did they prove useful. In June, the agent described the shooting practice at Tottenham Court range and rifle practice in the back of India House. This

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After this incident, Kirtikar's reports were probably screened by Savarkar before they were passed on to Scotland Yard. M.P.T. Acharya was at this time instructed by Aiyar and Savarkar to set himself up as an informer to Scotland Yard; they believed this would provide information to the police and

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Society and its relatively peaceful front the Free India Society, rapidly developed into a radical meeting ground quite different from the IHRS. Unlike the latter, it became wholly self-reliant with regard to finances and organisation, and it developed independent nationalist ideologies that moved

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which featured moderate, loyalist opinion and provided information about India tailored to a British readership. The committee was successful in calling the British public's attention to issues of civil liberties in India, but it largely failed to bring about political change, prompting socialists

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Following the liquidation of India House in 1909 and 1910, its members gradually dispersed to different countries in Europe, including France and Germany, as well as the United States. The network founded at India House was to be key in the efforts by the Indian revolutionary movement against the

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The American branch also invited Bhikaji Cama – who at the time was close to the works of Krishna Varma – to give a series of lectures in the United States. An India House, though not officially allied to the London organisation, was founded in Manhattan in New York in January 1908 with

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to investigate political unrest among Indian students in Britain noted the strong influence that India House had on this group. This was while India House was under the stewardship of Shyamji Krishna Varma. Indian students who discussed the community at the time described the growing influence of

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Political activities at India House were chiefly aimed at young Indians, especially students, in Britain. Political discontent was at the time growing steadily among this group, especially those in touch with the professional class in India and those studying in depth the philosophies of European

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was colonial exploitation, and that the Indians had a right to oppose it, by violence if necessary. It advocated confrontation and demands rather than petition and accommodation. However, Krishna Varma's views and justifications of political violence in nationalist struggle were still cautious,

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In spite of these problems, and although Special Branch was wholly inexperienced in dealing with political crime, the first observations of India House by Scotland Yard began as early as 1905. Detectives attended Sunday meetings at India House in May 1907, where they gained access to seditious

276:, who led the agitation against the Bengal partition) and Indian students in Britain criticised the committee for what they perceived as its overcautious approach. Against this background, coincident with the political upheaval caused by the 1905 partition of Bengal, a nationalist lawyer named 924:

in London in 1908 further stirred the matter, since both were known to have been radical nationalist politicians in India. By September 1908, an agent had been installed within India House who was able to invite detectives to the Sunday night meetings of the Free India Society (attendance for

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was founded in Tashkent in October 1920, a number of its founding members, including M. P. T. Acharya, Virendranath Chatterjee, Champakaraman Pillai and Abdul Rab, had been associated with India House or the Paris Indian Society. Individuals like Acharya attended the second congress of the

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and Krishna Varma forced the Government to investigate. Detectives visited India House and interviewed the printers of its publication. Krishna Varma saw these actions as the start of a crackdown on his work and, fearing arrest, moved to Paris in 1907; he never returned to Britain.

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The police brought strong pressure on India House and began gathering intelligence on Indian students in London. These, along with threats to their careers, robbed India House of its student support base. It slowly began to disassemble as a centre of radical Indian Nationalism. As

1144:. In addition, with the efforts of the growing Indian student population, other organisations mirroring India House emerged. The first of these was the Pan-Aryan Association, modelled after the Indian Home Rule Society, opened in 1906 through the joint Indo-Irish efforts of 1037:

attracted considerable attention in London newspapers. Others, however, disagreed with these views and described India House's appeal as limited. S.D. Bhaba, president of the Indian Christian Union, once described Krishna Varma as a man "whose bark was worse than his bite".

1384:. Wallinger used his considerable skills to establish contacts with police officials in London, Paris and throughout continental Europe, creating a network of informants and spies. During World War I, this organisation, working with the French Political Police, called the 695:

India House was soon transformed into the headquarters of the Indian revolutionary movement in Britain. Its newest members were young men and women in London who came from all over India. A large number, each comprising about a quarter of the total membership, were from

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meetings at which Savarkar gave lectures on topics ranging from the philosophy of revolution to bomb-making and assassination techniques. Only a small proportion of these recruits to the society were known to have previously engaged in political activity or the

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genuine patriot, he began reporting back to India. Possible reasons why DCI did not inform the Yard include a wish not to interfere with London investigations, a desire to maintain control over "C", and a fear of being accused of "deviousness" by the Yard.

538:, who had close associations with the Raj, accused Krishna Varma of preaching "disloyal sentiments" to Indian students, and demanded he be prosecuted. Chirol later described India House as "the most dangerous organisation outside India". Krishna Varma and 909:

literature. The appearance of one agent, disguised as an Irish-American by the name of O'Brien, convinced Krishna Varma of the need to decamp to Paris. In June 1908, concrete plans for cooperation between Indian and British police were arranged between

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to stress a "rationalist" and "scientific" approach to national evolution, as well as military aggression for national survival. A number of his ideas featured prominently in Savarkar's works well into his political writings and works with the Hindu

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and until then the largest association of Indians in London. Subsequently, India House took over the control of LIS when, at the annual general meeting that year, members of India House packed the gathering and ousted the old guard of the society.

429:'s views are thought to have influenced Cama's works at this time, and Lenin is believed to have visited India House during one of his stays in London. In 1907, Cama, along with V.N. Chatterjee and S.R. Rana, attended the Socialist Congress of the 829:. By 1909, India House was under surveillance from Scotland Yard and Indian intelligence, and its activities were considerably curtailed. Savarkar's elder brother Ganesh was arrested in India in June of that year, and was tried and exiled to the 1507:

than Chatterjee's aims of nationalist revolution. Roy steadily developed the Indian Communist Party with Stalin's encouragement and support. Chatterjee and Pillai later moved to Soviet Russia where they are believed to have been shot in the

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Significantly, a number of the residents, especially those who agreed with Savarkar's views, did not have any history of participation in nationalist movements in India, suggesting they were indoctrinated during their stay at India House.

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and the Indian revolutionary movement increasingly turned to the young Soviet Union, becoming closely associated with communism. The Berlin India Committee moved to Stockholm after the war. Led by V. N. Chatterjee, the committee wrote to

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for publication of seditionist literature. Savarkar's speeches grew increasingly strident and called for revolution, widespread violence, and murder of all Englishmen in India. The culmination of these events was the assassination of

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prompted a number of its members to leave Britain for France, Germany and the United States. Many members of the house were involved in revolutionary conspiracies in India. The network created by India House played a key part in the

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When opened as a student-hostel in 1905, it provided accommodation for up to thirty students. In addition to being a student-hostel, the mansion also served as the headquarters for several organisations, the first of which was the

1373: 861:, the Secretary of State for India himself. Savarkar possessed a copy of a written political statement by Dhingra which was confiscated at the latter's arrest. Its existence was denied by police, but through Irish sympathiser 370:. He preferred this position to working under what he considered the alien rule of Britain. However, a supposed conspiracy of local British officials at Junagadh, compounded by differences between Crown authority and British 1310:

attempted to transport men and arms from United States and East Asia into India, intended for a revolution and mutiny in the British Indian Army. During the conspiracy, the revolutionaries collaborated extensively with the

1346:, and suppression of the movement necessitated an international counter-intelligence operation on the part of the British empire lasting nearly ten years. Among the more famous recruits of this intelligence operation was 872:

held at Brixton Prison during the deportation hearing, an attempt was made in May 1910 by the remnant of India House to storm his prison van and free him. This plot was coordinated with help from Irish republicans led by

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is commemorated at the Nehru Memorial Museum in New Delhi, where his name and photo is exhibited in a room for Indian revolutionaries. Dimitrov Museum in Leipzig housed a section on Chatterjee before it closed in 1989.

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and others, as a rival organisation to the British Committee of the Congress. Subsequently, Krishna Varma used his considerable financial resources to offer scholarships to Indian students in memory of leaders of the

758: – by a Russian revolutionary in Paris by the name of Nicholas Safranski. Others opine that it was acquired through Russian revolutionaries in Paris by Bapat. Bapat was declared absconder (a fugitive) in the 900:'s Special Branch. Lack of direction and information from Indian political intelligence, compounded by Lord Morley's reluctance to engage in postal censorship, led to Special Branch underestimating the threat. 810:

The activities of India House did not go unnoticed. In addition to questions raised in official Indian and British circles, Savarkar's unrestrained views had been published in English newspapers including the

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in India. He published other nationalist pamphlets which found their way to the Pacific coast and East Asian settlements. Further, Barkatullah established links with prominent Japanese politicians including

111:, it was opened to promote nationalist views among Indian students in Britain. This institute used to grant scholarships to Indian youths for higher studies in England. The building rapidly became a hub for 1156:. Barkatullah himself had been closely associated with Krishna Varma during his earlier stay in London, and his subsequent career in Japan put Barkatullah at the heart of Indian political activities there. 622:. Over time, however, he became a central figure in the organisation. He devoted his efforts to writing nationalist material, organising public meetings and demonstrations, and establishing branches of 633:, Savarkar believed in an armed revolution in India and was prepared to seek assistance from Germany toward this end. He proposed the indoctrination of Indian soldiery in the British army, just as the 1617:. Members of India House have been commemorated at various times independent India. Bhikaji Cama, Krishna Varma, Savarkar, among others have had commemorative postage stamps released by India Post. 748:

to prevent Indian students from accessing it. Sometime in 1908, India House acquired a manual for making bombs. Some suggest Savarkar acquired this in the French capital from a bomb manual given to

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A branch of the nationalist and revolutionary philosophy that arose from India House, especially from the works of V.D. Savarkar, was consolidated in India in the 1920s as an explicit ideology of

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In the aftermath of the assassination, India House was rapidly shut down. Investigations into the killing were expanded to look for broader conspiracies originating from India House; although

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is considered one of Savarkar's most influential works in developing and framing ideas of masculine Hinduism. Amongst Savarkar's work during his stay at India House was a history of the

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values. The movement gained new momentum after Barkatullah, on the advice of Krishna Varma and George Freeman, moved from New York to Tokyo in 1909. Taking up the post of Professor of

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liberalism. Their discontent was noted among British academic and political circles quite early on, with some voicing fear that these students would take refuge in extremist politics.

497:. The title of the publication was intended to convey Krishna Varma's conviction that the ideological basis of Indian independence from Britain was to the discipline of sociology. 1199:

was proscribed in 1910 under British diplomatic pressure. After 1910, the American east coast activities began to decline and gradually shifted to San Francisco. The arrival of

1390:, was key in tracing the Indo-German conspiracy and attempted to assassinate ex-members of India House who were at the time planning a nationalist mutiny in British India. 1070:

in December 1909. The arms used were directly traced through an Italian courier to India House. Ex-India House residents M.P.T. Acharya and V.V.S. Aiyar were noted in the

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in 1909. This decision was revisited in 2015, and a unanimous decision taken to posthumously re-instate him. Savarkar's stay at India House is today commemorated with a

1175:, who was considered "seditionist" by the British. In New York, Indian students and ex-residents of London India House took advantage of liberal press laws to circulate 3256: 1078:. The Paris-Safranski link was strongly suggested by French police to be involved in the 1907 attempt in Bengal to derail the train carrying the Lieutenant-Governor 1130:

Following the example laid by the original India House, India Houses were opened in the United States and in Japan. Krishna Varma had built close contacts with the

6867: 5989: 1252:, whom he won over to the Indian cause. British CID, concerned about the threat that Barkatullah's work posed to the empire, exerted diplomatic pressure to have 6862: 4546: 672:

away from European philosophies. Under Savarkar's influence, it drew inspiration from past Indian revolutionary movements, religious scriptures (including the

3665:(2007), "Indian Nationalism and the 'world forces': Transnational and diasporic dimensions of the Indian freedom movement on the eve of the First World War", 1203:

around this time bridged the gap between the intellectual agitators and the predominantly Punjabi labour workers and migrants, laying the foundations of the

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regarding the states, led to Varma's dismissal. He returned to England, where he found freedom of expression more favourable. Varma's views were staunchly

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moderate voices (or loyalists) who did not preach or support violence was the nationalist movement, which grew particularly strong, radical and violent in

896:. This was compounded by a lack of clarity and communication from the Department of Criminal Intelligence operating in India under Charles Cleveland, and 591:, a law student who had first arrived in London in 1906 on scholarship from Krishna Varma. Savarkar was an admirer of the Italian nationalist philosopher 5855: 554:, to stop the publication of such messages. Morley refused to take any action contrary to his liberal political principles, but Chirol's tirade against 2072: 850:

on the evening of 1 July 1909, at a meeting of Indian students in the Imperial Institute in London. Dhingra was arrested and later tried and executed.

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stated that none existed, Indian intelligence sources suggested otherwise. These sources further suggested that Dhingra's intended target was

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From its inception, the Congress had also sought to shape public opinion in Britain in favour of Indian political autonomy. The Congress's

1319:, Japanese patriotic societies, Ottoman Turkey and, most prominently, the German Foreign Office. The conspiracy has since been called the 1215:. The India House in Tokyo was a residence for sixteen Indian students in 1908; it accepted students from other Asian countries including 5982: 5830: 332:, 1907. A number of India House members attended the socialist conference that year, and Cama herself worked closely with Krishna Varma. 6047: 5840: 5054: 4539: 437:. There, supported by Henry Hyndman, she demanded recognition of self-rule for India and in a famous gesture unfurled one of the first 5875: 1045:

More significantly, India House was a source of arms and seditious literature that was rapidly distributed in India. In addition to

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escalated the growing unrest, stimulating radical nationalist sentiments and becoming a driving force for Indian revolutionaries.

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practiced shooting at a range in Tottenham Court Road in central London, and rehearsed assassinations they planned to carry out.

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after the war, Chatterjee's program of revolutionary nationalism developed into the Indian Independence Party in 1922 which won

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was critical of the moderate loyalist approach and its appeal to British liberalism, exemplified by the work of Indian leader

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as a pressure group to influence policy directly, but it grew increasingly distant from an emerging movement which advocated

4563: 1429:. M.P.T. Acharya was introduced to the socialist circle in Paris in 1910. With the help of the socialists in Paris, notably 1289:

compilation of nationalist and socialist literature, was banned in India in 1913. The Ghadrite movement was involved in the

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This article is about a former Indian nationalist building in London. For the current functioning diplomatic mission, see

5931: 4576: 892:, the threat arising from the organisation was initially not considered serious by either Indian intelligence or British 618:.) In London, Savarkar's fiery nationalist views had at first alienated the residents of India House, most significantly 1394:, who was among Wallinger's recruits, later based some of his characters and stories on his experiences during the war. 6073: 1243:. Barkatullah transformed it into an anti-British mouthpiece, invited contributions from Krishna Varma, and advocated 1082:. The activities of nationalists abroad is believed to have shaken the loyalty of a number of native regiments of the 1029: – and attributed to this influence the decrease in the number of Indian applicants for Government posts and the 6811: 6750: 5825: 5820: 4493: 4273: 4244: 4206: 4187: 4158: 4139: 4120: 4082: 4063: 4025: 3987: 3968: 3936: 3917: 3898: 3869: 3850: 3831: 3808: 3770: 3751: 3653: 3614: 3558: 3539: 3520: 3457: 3419: 3400: 3358: 3339: 3316: 1459: 1324: 1153: 1074:

to have aided and influenced political assassinations, including the murder of Robert D'Escourt Ashe at the hands of

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quoted extensively from the works of British writers, which Krishna Varma interpreted to explain his views that the

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and other nationalist literature. New York increasingly became an important centre for the global Indian movement;

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and Scotland Yard; the decision was made to place an ex-Indian policeman in charge of surveillance of India House.

265: 119:. "India House" came to informally refer to the nationalist organisations that used the building at various times. 463: 4988: 4978: 4943: 1380:, the Superintendent of Police at Bombay, was reassigned to the India Office in London, where he established the 509:

advocated Indian self-rule. It was critical of the British Committee, whose members – being mostly from the

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that followed the assassination sent the organisation into decline. A crackdown on India House activities by the

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Krishna Varma's ashes along with those of his wife Bhanuben were repatriated to India in 2003 from Switzerland.

5951: 1483:'s approval and Comintern funding. Chatto later joined the German Communist party. In 1927, Chatto accompanied 1439: 6816: 6404: 5921: 5890: 3607:

Revolutionary nationalism in western India:On the contribution of Maharashtra to the Indian freedom struggle.

136:". A number of prominent Indian revolutionaries and nationalists were associated with India House, including 296:, North London. It was inaugurated on 1 July 1905 by Henry Hyndman in a ceremony attended by, among others, 6826: 6679: 6489: 6089: 5941: 5597: 4948: 4555: 4363: 1827: 1312: 843: 551: 26: 1601:: Warrior's rest) was unveiled in his home town of Mandavi in Gujarat by (then) chief minister of Gujarat 6801: 6745: 6714: 6674: 6384: 6149: 5787: 5174: 4823: 4423: 1351: 1320: 1290: 1265: 650: 406:

upon their return home. These scholarships were complemented by three endowments of 2000 Rupees courtesy

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in the country. He kept in touch with B.G. Tilak in India, to whom he passed on manuals on bomb-making.

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was published (in 1909) and was considered inflammatory enough to be removed from the catalogue of the

615: 493:(TIS), a penny monthly (with Spencer's dictum as its motto), as a challenge to the British Committee's 169: 4075:

Intelligence and Imperial Defence: British Intelligence and the Defence of the Indian Empire 1904–1924

6344: 6239: 5497: 5194: 5069: 4908: 4848: 4336: 1433:, the Paris Indian Society brought pressure on the French Government when Savarkar was rearrested at 1343: 1131: 337: 1235:

and other nationalist literature from London. His work at the time also included the publication of

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movement had indoctrinated Italians serving in the Austrian forces. In London, Savarkar founded the

6831: 6709: 5782: 5757: 5294: 4993: 4973: 4833: 4693: 4651: 4413: 4408: 1463: 1026: 588: 422: 310: 245: 220: 137: 61: 41: 402:, on the condition that the recipients would not accept any paid post or honorary office from the 6786: 6781: 6724: 6499: 6484: 6259: 6032: 5502: 5472: 5209: 5189: 5024: 4933: 4656: 4646: 4636: 4626: 1468: 646: 349: 348:'s dictum that "Resistance to aggression is not simply justified, but imperative". A graduate of 712:. The Free India Society had a semi-religious oath of initiation, and served as a cover for the 18:

Student residence in London opened to promote nationalist views among Indian students in Britain

6504: 6219: 6037: 6012: 5727: 5637: 5632: 4873: 4812: 4704: 4631: 4621: 4474: 4463: 4315: 1426: 1244: 701: 600: 489: 452: 233: 124: 88: 3662: 1191:, moved from Vancouver and Seattle to New York in 1908. Das collaborated extensively with the 6796: 6614: 6579: 6544: 6479: 6429: 6364: 6199: 6184: 6063: 5926: 5865: 5692: 5477: 5422: 5254: 5214: 5019: 4938: 4883: 4868: 4818: 4806: 4683: 4373: 3782:

Communications and Power: Propaganda and the Press in the Indian National Struggle, 1920–1947

1541:, and acquired the support of a mass movement that has been described by some as chauvinist. 1377: 1367: 1335: 770: 502: 277: 108: 3957: 6852: 6719: 6609: 6369: 6234: 6229: 6224: 6179: 6154: 6109: 6104: 6068: 5777: 5732: 5667: 5612: 5557: 5442: 5347: 5304: 5259: 5179: 5079: 4923: 4828: 4678: 4512: 4487: 4329: 1145: 1117: 1030: 877: 803: 510: 430: 418: 341: 241: 192:

for nationalist revolution in India during World War I. In the coming decades, India House

81: 77: 1256:

closed down in 1912. Barkatullah was denied tenure and was forced to leave Japan in 1914.

762:

of 1909, which followed the attempt to bomb a district magistrate's carriage in Bengal by

264:

to advocate a more radical approach. In 1893 an "Indian committee" was established in the

8: 6669: 6664: 6584: 6514: 6339: 6324: 6269: 6204: 5762: 5707: 5592: 5587: 5482: 5462: 5387: 5184: 5164: 5159: 5154: 5129: 4968: 1546: 1347: 1083: 880:

gradually took India House's place as the centre of Indian nationalism on the continent.

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were the most notable. The threat posed by the conspiracy was key in the passage of the

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replaced India House as the hotbed of seditious activities in the continent after 1909.

638: 371: 213: 197: 112: 321: 6821: 6776: 6554: 6474: 6464: 6399: 6329: 6022: 5936: 5767: 5752: 5652: 5547: 5507: 5432: 5337: 5309: 5269: 5094: 4878: 4838: 4801: 4763: 4743: 4733: 4616: 4606: 4453: 4443: 4304: 4269: 4240: 4221: 4202: 4183: 4154: 4135: 4116: 4097: 4078: 4059: 4040: 4021: 4002: 3983: 3964: 3932: 3913: 3894: 3865: 3846: 3827: 3804: 3785: 3766: 3747: 3719: 3694: 3682: 3649: 3628: 3610: 3592: 3573: 3554: 3535: 3516: 3491: 3453: 3434: 3415: 3396: 3389: 3373: 3354: 3335: 3312: 1527: 1521: 1331: 1172: 1161: 1087: 1079: 978: 917: 792: 787: 759: 718: 705: 607: 411: 301: 289: 273: 201: 165: 53: 6760: 6755: 6704: 6649: 6604: 6574: 6564: 6524: 6439: 6279: 6164: 6144: 6119: 6027: 6017: 5956: 5870: 5747: 5717: 5697: 5672: 5662: 5602: 5512: 5457: 5452: 5342: 5264: 5089: 5044: 5029: 4953: 4928: 4898: 4661: 4601: 4506: 4433: 4388: 3711: 3674: 3483: 3468: 2920: 1618: 1614: 1500: 1484: 1450: 1438:

made a request to Britain, which was ultimately settled in Britain's favour at the

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was a student residence that existed between 1905 and 1910 at Cromwell Avenue in

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Policing the Globe: Criminalization and Crime Control in International Relations

1462:. Many involved in the conspiracy subsequently moved to Soviet Russia. When the 1160:

funds from a wealthy lawyer of Irish descent named Myron Phelps. Phelps admired

6694: 6689: 6659: 6644: 6494: 6349: 6254: 6194: 6189: 5737: 5687: 5677: 5657: 5622: 5582: 5567: 5289: 5219: 5204: 5144: 5134: 4963: 4853: 4723: 4698: 4673: 4571: 4524: 4458: 4428: 4418: 2924: 1476: 1418: 1281: 1240: 1071: 1063: 1003: 951: 749: 599:. He was associated with the nationalist movement in India, having founded the 367: 359: 161: 149: 65: 57: 4018:

Colonialism, Tradition and Reform: An Analysis of Gandhi's Political Discourse

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The Masters Revealed: Madame Blavatsky and the Myth of the Great White Lodge

1330:

A number of failed mutinies erupted in India in 1914 and 1915, of which the

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Militant Nationalism in India and Its Socio-religious Background, 1897–1917

3625:

The Bomb in Bengal: The Rise of Revolutionary Terrorism in India, 1900–1910

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South Asian Transnationalisms: Cultural Exchange in the Twentieth Century.

1449:

After World War I, ex-members of India House and erstwhile members of the

1316: 513: – were in Krishna Varma's view complicit in exploitation of India. 6684: 6444: 6434: 6359: 6319: 6139: 6134: 5492: 5372: 4843: 4591: 3980:

The Puzzle of India's Governance: Culture, Context and Comparative Theory

3862:

Indians in Britain: Anglo-Indian Encounters, Race and Identity, 1880–1930

1610: 1509: 1386: 1100: 1094: 1075: 1015: 858: 729: 709: 634: 582: 403: 237: 129: 37: 645:. This organisation drew a number of radical Indian students, including 587:

After Krishna Varma's departure, the organisation found a new leader in

6639: 6599: 6274: 6244: 6169: 6099: 5742: 5517: 5467: 5382: 5034: 4918: 4753: 4398: 3731: 3503: 2073:"Indian lawyer disbarred from Inner Temple a century ago is reinstated" 1538: 1495:. However support from Soviet Russia for Chatterjee's program waned as 873: 813: 543: 472: 407: 389:

Krishna Varma co-founded the IHRS in February 1905, with Bhikaji Cama,

69: 48: 4256:

Tilak and Gokhale: Revolution and Reform in the Making of Modern India

3702:

Hoover, Karl (1985), "The Hindu Conspiracy in California, 1913–1918",

1090:, who described it as the finest ever made in the name of Patriotism. 6654: 6634: 6559: 6534: 6284: 5722: 5617: 5577: 5552: 5487: 5149: 5139: 5039: 4438: 1496: 1480: 1443: 1434: 1219:, aiming to build a broad foundation for Indian nationalism based on 1200: 1113: 480: 475:

was prosecuted for his comments in this issue purportedly supporting

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Indian Revolutionaries Abroad, 1905–1927: Select Documents, Volume 1

1093:

India House and its activities had some influence on the subsequent

32: 6214: 6057: 5084: 4728: 3843:

George Joseph, the Life and Times of a Kerala Christian Nationalist

3370:

Chatto, the Life and Times of an Indian Anti-imperialist in Europe.

1488: 769:

By 1908, the popularity of the India House group had overtaken the

293: 133: 100: 3257:"Modi dedicates 'Kranti Teerth' memorial to Shyamji Krishna Verma" 5244: 1570: 1504: 1276: 3431:

Britain Through Muslim Eyes: Literary Representations, 1780–1988

122:

Patrons of India House published an anti-colonialist newspaper,

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Terrorism, Insurgency and Indian-English Literature, 1830-1947

3351:

Make Me a Man! Masculinity, Hinduism, and Nationalism in India

172:, political aide-de-camp to the Secretary of State for India. 2910:"Dhingra, Madan Lal. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography" 1231:, Barkatullah was responsible for East Asian distribution of 1171:(established by the Swami) in New York was at the time under 1059: 974: 426: 354: 3568:

Dover, Robert; Goodman, Michael; Hilleband, Claudia (2013),

1376:

against the Indian revolutionary movement. In January 1910,

3646:

Like Hidden Fire: The Plot to Bring Down the British Empire

2903: 2901: 2899: 1224: 932: 802:

following Madanlal Dhingra's execution in August 1909. The

732:

on his hands". The residents of India House and members of

678:), and Savarkar's own studies in Indian history, including 611: 3763:

A History of Black and Asian Writing in Britain, 1700–2000

2780: 2049: 1581:, Kutch. Replica of India House is visible in background. 973:

described bitterly, the residence was treated akin to a "

954:

was reorganised in July 1909 following a meeting between

4266:

M.P.T. Acharya, Reminiscences of an Indian Revolutionary

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to Stuttgart in 1907 is known to have met with Hyndman,

1098:

Modernists". Some of his subsequent writings, including

40:

commemorate the stay of its various residents including

3391:

Hindu Nationalism: Origins, Ideologies and Modern Myths

3450:

Modern South Asia: History, Culture, Political Economy

1499:, a Bengali revolutionary in Moscow previously of the 3589:

Staying Power: The History of Black People in Britain

3567: 1298:

British Raj through World War I. During the war, the

255:, established in 1889, published a periodical called 1593:, is named in his honour. In 2010, a memorial named 1025:

India House – especially in the context of the

244:

and other areas across the south. The controversial

1425:. Chatterjee moved to Paris in 1909 and joined the 950:In the aftermath of Curzon Wyllie's assassination, 3959:The Internationalism of Irish Literature and Drama 3956: 3819: 3801:The Hindu Nationalist Movement and Indian Politics 3388: 3327: 2965: 2963: 2961: 2919:(online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. 2908: 704:, while a significant but smaller group came from 641:(FIS), and in December 1906 he opened a branch of 352:, he returned to India in the 1880s and served as 236:. Notable, if smaller, movements also appeared in 196:went on to play a leading role in the founding of 5997: 3014: 3012: 3010: 2997: 2995: 2993: 2980: 2978: 1549:which he described as an exemplary Hindu empire ( 1183:, a political revolutionary journal published by 6844: 4554: 4170:Indian Revolutionary Movement Abroad, 1905–1921. 3929:History of the Freedom Movement in India (Vol I) 3325: 3093: 3077: 3075: 2755: 2753: 2729: 2713: 2711: 2709: 2707: 2705: 2680: 2678: 2676: 2663: 2661: 2659: 2657: 2644: 2642: 2561: 2559: 2557: 2483: 1638: 1636: 1634: 1357: 606:(Young India Society) in 1906 while studying at 2958: 2290: 1471:. Chatterjee and Acharya later worked with the 1458:to secure Bolshevik aid for the accused at the 6868:Revolutionary movement for Indian independence 4234: 3482:(3), University of California Press: 299–310, 3296: 3111: 3007: 2990: 2975: 2831: 2819: 2440: 2055: 692:and extolled the virtues of secret societies. 6863:Organisations of Indian independence movement 5983: 4540: 4337: 3784:, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 3765:, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 3123: 3072: 2872: 2860: 2807: 2750: 2702: 2673: 2654: 2639: 2554: 2090: 2070: 2025: 2013: 1887: 1885: 1631: 888:Although India House had stated its goals in 595:and a protégé of the Indian Congress leader, 3661: 3529: 3311:, Hyderabad, India: ICFAI University press, 3274: 3224: 3200: 3018: 3001: 2984: 2969: 2850: 2848: 2846: 2797: 2795: 2740: 2738: 2588: 2586: 2495: 2461: 2459: 2457: 2455: 2430: 2428: 2426: 2037: 1983: 1977: 1851: 1849: 1847: 1845: 1820: 1666: 1642: 3950:, Calcutta: General Printers and Publishers 3570:Routledge Companion to Intelligence Studies 3154: 3152: 3150: 3048: 2946: 2251: 2239: 2229: 2227: 2066: 2064: 1916: 1914: 1912: 1897: 1138:were reprinted in the United States in the 316: 6048:Hindustan Socialist Republican Association 5990: 5976: 5055:Hindustan Socialist Republican Association 4547: 4533: 4344: 4330: 4072: 3710:(2), German Studies Association: 245–261, 3673:(3), Cambridge University Press: 325–344, 3301:, Jhansi, India: People's Publishing House 3176: 3117: 3105: 3081: 2878: 2786: 2759: 2717: 2684: 2667: 2648: 2629: 2627: 2625: 2565: 2544: 2542: 2540: 2538: 2536: 2534: 2501: 2446: 2413: 2411: 2409: 2375: 2373: 2371: 2369: 2367: 2365: 2363: 2361: 2268: 2266: 1950: 1882: 1796: 1672: 1372:At this time, the foundation was laid for 4268:, New Delhi: Anmol Publications Pvt ltd, 4237:India's Road to Nationhood. (2nd edition) 3803:, London: C. Hurst & Co. Publishers, 3798: 3447: 3348: 3326:Andreas, Peter; Nadelmann, Avram (2006), 3297:Adhikari, G; Rao, MB; Sen, Mohit (1970), 3230: 3087: 3060: 3036: 3024: 2884: 2843: 2792: 2770: 2768: 2735: 2723: 2598: 2583: 2452: 2423: 2396: 2394: 2392: 2390: 2388: 2348: 2346: 2321: 2319: 2317: 2302: 2245: 2188: 2178: 2176: 2163: 2161: 2148: 2146: 2144: 2131: 2129: 2114: 2102: 1989: 1967: 1965: 1872: 1870: 1868: 1866: 1864: 1842: 1786: 1784: 1782: 1769: 1767: 1765: 1719: 1503:was considered more close to ideology of 444: 115:, one of the most prominent for overseas 4292:Indian Revolutionaries Abroad, 1905–1922 4196: 4110: 4034: 3963:, Savage, Maryland: Barnes & Noble, 3945: 3926: 3744:On Secret Service East of Constantinople 3530:Croitt, Raymond D; Mjøset, Lars (2001), 3428: 3236: 3206: 3188: 3147: 3135: 3054: 2866: 2813: 2571: 2278: 2257: 2224: 2061: 2001: 1938: 1926: 1909: 1903: 1802: 1740: 1738: 1736: 1734: 1732: 1730: 1728: 1703: 1701: 1699: 1660: 1569: 1354:, who worked with the Berlin committee. 1275: 945: 933:Central Criminal Intelligence Department 791: 462: 320: 272:. Nationalist leaders in India (such as 47: 31: 4253: 4215: 4201:, Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 4001:, Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 3817: 3738: 3640: 3551:Social Background of Indian Nationalism 3066: 2952: 2916:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 2744: 2690: 2622: 2610: 2592: 2531: 2465: 2434: 2406: 2358: 2331: 2296: 2263: 2212: 1891: 1855: 1808: 1374:British counter-intelligence operations 997: 752: – a Bengali revolutionary of the 6845: 4199:The First World War. Volume I: To Arms 4167: 4148: 4015: 3954: 3931:, Calcutta: Firma K. L. Mukhopadhyay, 3907: 3883:, Bombay: Indian Renaissance Institute 3859: 3840: 3779: 3701: 3604: 3510: 3367: 3334:, Oxford: Oxford University Press US, 3182: 3030: 2890: 2854: 2837: 2825: 2801: 2765: 2604: 2519: 2507: 2471: 2385: 2343: 2314: 2308: 2233: 2200: 2194: 2173: 2158: 2141: 2126: 2120: 2108: 2096: 2031: 2019: 2007: 1995: 1962: 1944: 1932: 1861: 1779: 1762: 1713: 1684: 1648: 1107: 649:, V.V.S. Aiyar, Madanlal Dhingra, and 5971: 4528: 4325: 4305:Shyamji Krishna Verma and India House 4263: 4177: 4091: 4053: 3977: 3912:, New Delhi: Ashis Publishing House, 3760: 3622: 3586: 3548: 3466: 3386: 3242: 3218: 3194: 3170: 3158: 3141: 3129: 3042: 2696: 2633: 2616: 2577: 2548: 2489: 2477: 2417: 2379: 2352: 2337: 2325: 2284: 2272: 2218: 2182: 1920: 1773: 1750: 1725: 1707: 1696: 1690: 1678: 1654: 1195:with help from George Freeman before 4039:, New Delhi: Concept Publishing Co, 3996: 3893:, Oxford, UK: Kessinger Publishing, 3891:King Edward VII: A Biography Part II 3878: 3845:, Hyderabad, India: Orient Longman, 3448:Bose, Sugata; Jalal, Ayesha (1998), 3409: 3309:Glimpses of Indian National Movement 3306: 3280: 3248: 2774: 2525: 2513: 2400: 2167: 2152: 2135: 2043: 1971: 1956: 1814: 1790: 1756: 1744: 1515: 1382:Indian Political Intelligence Office 1364:Indian Political Intelligence Office 1323:. Among other efforts, the alliance 546:. Greatly concerned, the King asked 378:, extending even to support for the 181:Indian Political Intelligence Office 164:. In 1909, a member of India House, 4129: 3888: 3254: 2816:, p. in; References, chapter 2 2206: 1876: 1397: 1327:Afghanistan against British India. 865:Savarkar had this published in the 223:in India by the political reformer 13: 4284: 4151:Encyclopaedia of Political Parties 4037:The Encyclopaedia Eminent Thinkers 3761:Innes, Catherine Lynnette (2002), 2071:Bowcott, Owen (11 November 2015). 1577:, Shyamji Krishna Varma Memorial, 952:Metropolitan Police Special Branch 883: 667:India House, which now housed the 14: 6879: 4384:British Committee of the Congress 4298: 4134:, New Delhi: Anmol Publications, 3864:, London: Frank Cass publishers, 3469:"The Hindu Conspiracy, 1914–1917" 3433:, New Delhi: Palgrave Macmillan, 3372:, Oxford University Press India, 1020:A committee set up in 1907 under 656: 4749:Muslim nationalism in South Asia 4258:, University of California Press 4235:von Pochhammer, Wilhelm (2005), 4115:, New Delhi: Sage Publications, 4020:, New Delhi: Sage Publications, 3841:Joseph, George Verghese (2003), 3826:, Albany, New York: SUNY Press, 3609:, Classical Publishing Company, 3353:, Albany, New York: SUNY press, 3212: 3164: 3099: 1565: 1308:Indian revolutionary underground 1272:Intelligence Bureau for the East 903: 629:Impressed and influenced by the 542:also drew the attention of King 117:revolutionary Indian nationalism 4989:Provisional Government of India 4351: 487:In 1904, Krishna Varma founded 425:and exiled Russian socialists. 358:(administrator) of a number of 280:founded India House in London. 270:absolute Indian self-governance 107:. With the patronage of lawyer 36:India House today. A number of 4482:The Indian War of Independence 4113:Religion, power & violence 4073:Popplewell, Richard J (1995), 4056:Gandhi, Freedom, and Self-rule 3946:Majumdar, Bemanbehari (1966), 3799:Jaffrelot, Christofer (1996), 3368:Baruwa, Niroda Kumara (2004), 1543:The Indian War of Independence 1440:Permanent Court of Arbitration 1259: 781: 773:(LIS), established in 1865 by 742:The Indian War of Independence 681:The Indian War of Independence 283: 1: 6817:Howrah-Sibpur Conspiracy case 6812:Hindu–German Conspiracy Trial 5999:Indian Revolutionary Movement 4239:, Mumbai: Allied Publishers, 3746:, Oxford: Oxford Paperbacks, 3553:, Mumbai: Popular Prakashan, 3515:, London: MacMillan and Co., 3476:The Pacific Historical Review 3289: 1460:Hindu–German Conspiracy Trial 1358:Indian political intelligence 1134:. As a result, articles from 479:and supporting anti-colonial 207: 6827:Lahore Conspiracy Case trial 6680:Thakur Zorawar Singh Barhath 6490:Pandurang Sadashiv Khankhoje 6090:Abinash Chandra Bhattacharya 5598:Muhammad Mian Mansoor Ansari 4874:Chauri Chaura incident, 1922 4556:Indian independence movement 4364:Indian independence movement 3881:The Radical Humanist, Vol 50 3094:Andreas & Nadelmann 2006 2940:UK public library membership 2730:Andreas & Nadelmann 2006 2056:Adhikari, Rao & Sen 1970 1313:Irish Republican Brotherhood 1239:, which was financed by the 988: 844:Secretary of State for India 836:Sir William H. Curzon Wyllie 831:penal colony in the Andamans 631:Italian wars of Independence 552:Secretary of State for India 292:at 65 Cromwell Avenue, 219:The creation in 1885 of the 27:India House (disambiguation) 7: 6802:Delhi Conspiracy Commission 6715:Virendranath Chattopadhyaya 6675:Thakur Kesari Singh Barhath 6385:Kunwar Pratap Singh Barhath 5788:Virendranath Chattopadhyaya 5175:Gazulu Lakshminarasu Chetty 4096:, Oxford University Press, 4058:, Oxford: Lexington Books, 3927:Majumdar, Ramesh C (1971), 3908:Mahmud, Syed Jafar (1994), 3879:Kara, Maniben, ed. (1986), 3627:, Oxford University Press, 3395:, Oxford: Berg Publishers, 562: 10: 6884: 6510:Pradyot Kumar Bhattacharya 6074:Workers and Peasants Party 5523:Kanaiyalal Maneklal Munshi 5075:Indian Independence League 4792:Partition of Bengal (1947) 4787:Partition of Bengal (1905) 4168:Sareen, Tilak Raj (1979), 4094:The Lives of Agnes Smedley 3999:The British Left and India 3511:Chirol, Valentine (1910), 3349:Bannerjee, Sikata (2005), 1519: 1493:League against Imperialism 1473:League against Imperialism 1401: 1361: 1306:in North America, and the 1269: 1263: 1111: 1001: 785: 660: 616:Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi 572: 566: 456: 450: 214:British East India Company 20: 6769: 6738: 6345:Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee 6240:Chittapriya Ray Chaudhuri 6082: 6005: 5914: 5813: 5698:Sibghatullah Shah Rashidi 5498:Inayatullah Khan Mashriqi 5318: 5195:Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar 5115: 5070:Indian Home Rule movement 5012: 4909:Fourteen Points of Jinnah 4849:Jallianwala Bagh massacre 4777: 4714: 4562: 4359: 4254:Wolpert, Stanley (1962), 4016:Parekh, Bhiku C. (1999), 3978:Mitra, Subrata K (2006), 3818:Johnson, K. Paul (1994), 3679:10.1017/S1740022807002318 3667:Journal of Global History 3591:, University of Alberta, 3429:Chambers, Claire (2015), 1344:Defence of India Act 1915 1132:Irish Republican movement 338:Swami Dayananda Saraswati 212:The consolidation of the 52:Clockwise from top left: 6832:Rodda company arms heist 6710:Vinayak Damodar Savarkar 5937:Indian annexation of Goa 5783:Vinayak Damodar Savarkar 5295:Vinayak Damodar Savarkar 5060:Indian National Congress 4859:Non-cooperation movement 4409:Indian Home Rule Society 4310:15 November 2014 at the 4130:Qur, Moniruddin (2005), 3534:, Oxford, UK: AltaMira, 3255:TNN (13 December 2010). 1667:Croitt & Mjøset 2001 1625: 1464:Communist Party of India 1350:, tasked to assassinate 1027:1905 partition of Bengal 740:authorities. Savarkar's 589:Vinayak Damodar Savarkar 317:Indian Home Rule Society 311:Indian Home Rule Society 246:1905 partition of Bengal 221:Indian National Congress 138:Vinayak Damodar Savarkar 6858:Hindu–German Conspiracy 6787:Chittagong Armoury Raid 6782:Barisal Conspiracy Case 6725:Vishwanath Vaishampayan 6500:Pramod Ranjan Choudhury 6485:Pandurang Mahadev Bapat 6415:Manoranjan Bhattacharya 6260:Ganesh Damodar Savarkar 6033:Communist Consolidation 5942:Indian Independence Act 5528:Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan 5503:Jatindra Mohan Sengupta 5473:Dukkipati Nageswara Rao 5210:Kandukuri Veeresalingam 5190:Gopaldas Ambaidas Desai 5025:All-India Muslim League 4979:Royal Air Force strikes 4944:Round table conferences 4934:Chittagong armoury raid 4824:Hindu–German Conspiracy 4807:Delhi-Lahore Conspiracy 4577:Porto Grande de Bengala 4294:. 1971. Bharati Bhawan. 4035:Pasricha, Ashu (2008), 3997:Owen, Nicholas (2007), 3982:, New York: Routledge, 3955:McMinn, Joseph (1992), 3910:Pillars of Modern India 3860:Lahiri, Shompa (2000), 3780:Israel, Milton (2002), 3452:, New York: Routledge, 2789:, pp. 138–140, 142 1537:, it was distinct from 1469:Communist International 1321:Hindu–German Conspiracy 1291:Hindu–German Conspiracy 1266:Hindu–German Conspiracy 1058:District Magistrate of 525:The views expressed in 350:Balliol College, Oxford 288:India House is a large 190:Hindu–German Conspiracy 92:, September 1908 issue. 6505:Pratul Chandra Ganguli 6220:Binod Bihari Chowdhury 6038:Dhaka Anushilan Samiti 6013:Abhinav Bharat Society 5728:Syama Prasad Mukherjee 5633:Purushottam Das Tandon 4999:Praja Mandala movement 4813:The Indian Sociologist 4475:The Indian Sociologist 4464:Abhinav Bharat Society 4316:Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan 4216:Tickell, Alex (2013), 4197:Strachan, Hew (2001), 4111:Puniyani, Ram (2005), 4077:, London: Frank Cass, 4054:Parel, Antony (2000), 3532:When Histories Collide 3387:Bhatt, Chetan (2001), 2925:10.1093/ref:odnb/71628 1582: 1539:Gandhian devotionalism 1427:French Socialist Party 1294: 1233:The Indian Sociologist 1213:The Indian Sociologist 1189:The Indian Sociologist 1177:The Indian Sociologist 1136:The Indian Sociologist 1047:The Indian Sociologist 1035:The Indian Sociologist 1022:Sir William Lee-Warner 960:Commissioner of Police 890:The Indian Sociologist 807: 688:'s autobiography into 684:. Savarkar translated 530:dependent on Britain. 490:The Indian Sociologist 484: 469:The Indian Sociologist 453:The Indian Sociologist 446:The Indian Sociologist 336:Krishna Varma admired 333: 175:The investigations by 170:Sir W.H. Curzon Wyllie 125:The Indian Sociologist 93: 89:The Indian Sociologist 45: 25:. For other uses, see 6797:Delhi conspiracy case 6751:Bande Mataram (Paris) 6615:Shyamji Krishna Varma 6580:Sachindra Nath Sanyal 6545:Ram Chandra Bharadwaj 6480:Panchanan Chakraborty 6430:Mohan Kishore Namadas 6365:Krishnaji Gopal Karve 6200:Bhupendra Kumar Datta 6185:Bhagwati Charan Vohra 6064:Naujawan Bharat Sabha 5952:Political integration 5693:Shyamji Krishna Varma 5478:Gopal Krishna Gokhale 5423:Bhupendra Kumar Datta 5255:Rettamalai Srinivasan 5215:Mahadev Govind Ranade 5020:All India Kisan Sabha 4984:Coup d'état of Yanaon 4884:Qissa Khwani massacre 4869:Coolie-Begar movement 4684:Second Anglo-Sikh War 4374:Shyamji Krishna Varma 4182:, Oxford: Routledge, 4178:Sinha, Babli (2014), 4172:, New Delhi: Sterling 4132:History of Journalism 3704:German Studies Review 3623:Heehs, Peter (1993), 3605:Ghodke, H.M. (1990), 3587:Fryer, Peter (1984), 3467:Brown, Giles (1948), 1720:Bose & Jalal 1998 1573: 1530:. Exemplified by the 1378:John Arnold Wallinger 1368:John Arnold Wallinger 1279: 1095:nonviolent philosophy 946:Indian Special Branch 795: 771:London Indian Society 467:August 1909 issue of 466: 324: 278:Shyamji Krishna Varma 109:Shyamji Krishna Varma 51: 35: 6720:Vishnu Ganesh Pingle 6610:Shrish Chandra Ghosh 6370:Kartar Singh Sarabha 6235:Chandra Shekhar Azad 6230:Chempakaraman Pillai 6225:Bipin Behari Ganguli 6180:Bhagwan Singh Gyanee 6155:Basanta Kumar Biswas 6110:Anant Laxman Kanhere 6105:Alluri Sitarama Raju 6069:Paris Indian Society 5778:Veeran Sundaralingam 5733:Tara Rani Srivastava 5668:Sahajanand Saraswati 5558:Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi 5443:Chandra Shekhar Azad 5348:Alluri Sitarama Raju 5305:Vitthal Ramji Shinde 5260:Sahajanand Saraswati 5180:Gopal Ganesh Agarkar 5080:Indian National Army 4924:Dharasana Satyagraha 4829:Champaran Satyagraha 4679:First Anglo-Sikh War 4488:Paris Indian Society 4153:, New Delhi: Anmol, 4149:Radhan, O.P (2002), 4092:Price, Ruth (2005), 3889:Lee, Sidney (2004), 3663:Fischer-Tinē, Harald 1187:, closely mirroring 1146:Mohammed Barkatullah 1118:Mohammed Barkatullah 1031:Indian Civil Service 998:Nationalist movement 878:Paris Indian Society 804:Paris Indian Society 534:, foreign editor of 511:Indian Civil Service 431:Second International 419:Paris Indian Society 342:cultural nationalism 6670:Tarakeswar Sengupta 6665:Tarakeswar Dastidar 6585:Santosh Kumar Mitra 6515:Prem Krishna Khanna 6340:Jnanendra Das Gupta 6325:Jadugopal Mukherjee 6270:Gaya Prasad Katiyar 6205:Bhupendranath Datta 5763:V. K. Krishna Menon 5708:Subhas Chandra Bose 5593:Muhammad Ali Jinnah 5588:Mohammad Ali Jauhar 5483:Govind Ballabh Pant 5463:Dayananda Saraswati 5388:Bal Gangadhar Tilak 5185:Gopal Hari Deshmukh 5165:Dhondo Keshav Karve 5160:Dayananda Saraswati 5155:Bal Gangadhar Tilak 5130:A. Vaidyanatha Iyer 4643:Anglo-Maratha Wars 4449:Mohamed Barkatullah 4264:Yadav, B.D (1992), 3549:Desai, A.R (2005), 3414:, New Delhi: ICHR, 3410:Bose, Arun (2002), 1547:Maratha Confederacy 1348:W. Somerset Maugham 1108:India Houses abroad 1084:British Indian Army 820:Manchester Guardian 799:Paris Bande Mataram 597:Bal Gangadhar Tilak 372:Political Residents 185:Metropolitan Police 23:India House, London 6792:Christmas Day Plot 6620:Sohan Singh Bhakna 6590:Satyendranath Bosu 6550:Ramakrishna Biswas 6520:Pritilata Waddedar 6470:Nirmal Jibon Ghosh 6455:Narendra Mohan Sen 6450:Munsha Singh Dukhi 6410:Manmath Nath Gupta 6315:Hemchandra Kanungo 6310:Harnam Singh Saini 6305:Hari Kishan Talwar 6290:Hare Krishna Konar 6210:Bhavabhushan Mitra 6130:Atul Krishna Ghosh 6095:Ambika Chakrabarty 5947:Partition of India 5793:Yashwantrao Holkar 5758:V. O. Chidamabaram 5713:Subramania Bharati 5643:Rahul Sankrityayan 5628:Pritilata Waddedar 5538:Shri Krishna Singh 5438:C. Rajagopalachari 5428:Bidhan Chandra Roy 5413:Bhavabhushan Mitra 5398:Begum Hazrat Mahal 5353:Annapurna Maharana 5225:Muthulakshmi Reddy 5170:G. Subramania Iyer 4864:Christmas Day Plot 4739:Indian nationalism 4689:Sannyasi rebellion 4587:East India Company 4469:Free India Society 3648:, Kodansha Globe, 3261:The Times of India 2840:, pp. 124–128 2828:, pp. 124–126 1591:Gujarat government 1587:Kachchh University 1583: 1491:Conference of the 1404:Communism in India 1340:Christmas Day Plot 1325:attempted to rally 1295: 1254:Islamic Fraternity 1245:Hindu–Muslim unity 1237:Islamic Fraternity 808: 639:Free India Society 485: 334: 266:British Parliament 113:political activism 94: 46: 6840: 6839: 6822:Kakori conspiracy 6777:Alipore Bomb case 6555:Ram Prasad Bismil 6475:Pandit Kanshi Ram 6465:Niranjan Sengupta 6400:Madan Lal Dhingra 6330:Jatindra Nath Das 6023:Bengal Volunteers 5965: 5964: 5932:Republic of India 5768:Vallabhbhai Patel 5753:Ubaidullah Sindhi 5653:Ram Prasad Bismil 5548:M. Bhaktavatsalam 5508:Jatindra Nath Das 5433:Bipin Chandra Pal 5368:Babu Kunwar Singh 5338:Achyut Patwardhan 5095:Khudai Khidmatgar 4939:Gandhi–Irwin Pact 4879:Kakori conspiracy 4839:Rowlatt Committee 4802:Direct Action Day 4764:Swadeshi movement 4744:Khilafat Movement 4734:Hindu nationalism 4694:Rebellion of 1857 4617:Anglo-Mysore Wars 4607:Battle of Plassey 4522: 4521: 4227:978-0-19-926191-8 4103:978-0-19-534386-1 4046:978-81-8069-491-2 4008:978-0-19-923301-4 3791:978-0-521-46763-6 3634:978-0-19-563350-4 3598:978-0-86104-749-9 3579:978-0-415-50752-3 3440:978-0-230-25259-2 3379:978-0-19-566547-5 3108:, p. 216,217 3019:Fischer-Tinē 2007 3002:Fischer-Tinē 2007 2985:Fischer-Tinē 2007 2970:Fischer-Tinē 2007 2938:(Subscription or 2869:, p. 121,147 1984:Fischer-Tinē 2007 1830:. Open University 1643:Fischer-Tinē 2007 1589:, established by 1551:Hindu Padpadshahi 1528:Hindu nationalism 1522:Hindu nationalism 1516:Hindu nationalism 1332:Ghadar Conspiracy 1173:Swami Abhedananda 1162:Swami Vivekananda 1088:Winston Churchill 1080:Sir Andrew Fraser 1049:, pamphlets like 788:Madan Lal Dhingra 760:Alipore bomb case 719:Swadeshi movement 608:Fergusson College 412:Rana Pratap Singh 302:Charlotte Despard 290:Victorian Mansion 274:Bipin Chandra Pal 253:British Committee 202:Hindu nationalism 166:Madan Lal Dhingra 6875: 6761:Jugantar Patrika 6756:Hindustan Ghadar 6705:Veer Bhai Kotwal 6650:Suniti Choudhury 6605:Shivaram Rajguru 6575:Sachindra Bakshi 6565:Rash Behari Bose 6525:Pulin Behari Das 6440:M. P. T. Acharya 6280:Guran Ditt Kumar 6165:Batukeshwar Dutt 6145:Baikuntha Shukla 6120:Anantahari Mitra 6028:Berlin Committee 6018:Anushilan Samiti 5992: 5985: 5978: 5969: 5968: 5957:Simla Conference 5748:Tiruppur Kumaran 5718:Subramaniya Siva 5673:Sangolli Rayanna 5663:Rash Behari Bose 5603:Nagnath Naikwadi 5513:Jawaharlal Nehru 5458:Dadabhai Naoroji 5453:Chittaranjan Das 5343:A. K. Fazlul Huq 5265:Savitribai Phule 5090:Khaksar movement 5045:Berlin Committee 5030:Anushilan Samiti 4994:Independence Day 4954:Aundh Experiment 4929:Vedaranyam March 4834:Kheda Satyagraha 4819:Singapore Mutiny 4602:Portuguese India 4549: 4542: 4535: 4526: 4525: 4507:Berlin Committee 4444:Madanlal Dhingra 4424:V. N. Chatterjee 4389:Dadabhai Naoroji 4346: 4339: 4332: 4323: 4322: 4278: 4259: 4249: 4230: 4211: 4192: 4173: 4163: 4144: 4125: 4106: 4087: 4068: 4049: 4030: 4011: 3992: 3973: 3962: 3951: 3941: 3922: 3903: 3884: 3874: 3855: 3836: 3825: 3813: 3794: 3775: 3756: 3734: 3697: 3658: 3637: 3619: 3601: 3582: 3563: 3544: 3525: 3506: 3473: 3462: 3443: 3424: 3405: 3394: 3382: 3363: 3344: 3333: 3321: 3307:Abel, M (2005), 3302: 3284: 3278: 3272: 3271: 3269: 3267: 3252: 3246: 3240: 3234: 3228: 3222: 3216: 3210: 3204: 3198: 3192: 3186: 3180: 3174: 3168: 3162: 3156: 3145: 3139: 3133: 3127: 3121: 3115: 3109: 3103: 3097: 3091: 3085: 3079: 3070: 3064: 3058: 3052: 3046: 3040: 3034: 3028: 3022: 3016: 3005: 2999: 2988: 2982: 2973: 2967: 2956: 2950: 2944: 2943: 2935: 2933: 2931: 2912: 2905: 2894: 2888: 2882: 2876: 2870: 2864: 2858: 2852: 2841: 2835: 2829: 2823: 2817: 2811: 2805: 2799: 2790: 2784: 2778: 2772: 2763: 2757: 2748: 2742: 2733: 2727: 2721: 2715: 2700: 2694: 2688: 2682: 2671: 2665: 2652: 2646: 2637: 2631: 2620: 2614: 2608: 2602: 2596: 2590: 2581: 2575: 2569: 2563: 2552: 2546: 2529: 2523: 2517: 2511: 2505: 2499: 2493: 2487: 2481: 2475: 2469: 2463: 2450: 2444: 2438: 2432: 2421: 2415: 2404: 2398: 2383: 2377: 2356: 2350: 2341: 2335: 2329: 2323: 2312: 2306: 2300: 2294: 2288: 2282: 2276: 2270: 2261: 2255: 2249: 2243: 2237: 2231: 2222: 2216: 2210: 2204: 2198: 2192: 2186: 2180: 2171: 2165: 2156: 2150: 2139: 2133: 2124: 2118: 2112: 2106: 2100: 2094: 2088: 2087: 2085: 2083: 2068: 2059: 2053: 2047: 2041: 2035: 2029: 2023: 2017: 2011: 2005: 1999: 1993: 1987: 1981: 1975: 1969: 1960: 1954: 1948: 1942: 1936: 1930: 1924: 1918: 1907: 1901: 1895: 1889: 1880: 1874: 1859: 1853: 1840: 1839: 1837: 1835: 1824: 1818: 1812: 1806: 1800: 1794: 1788: 1777: 1771: 1760: 1754: 1748: 1742: 1723: 1717: 1711: 1705: 1694: 1688: 1682: 1681:, p. xxxiii 1676: 1670: 1664: 1658: 1652: 1646: 1640: 1619:V. N. Chatterjee 1615:English Heritage 1553:). Further, the 1501:Anushilan Samiti 1485:Jawaharlal Nehru 1451:Berlin Committee 1423:Ramsay MacDonald 1398:Indian communism 1392:Somerset Maugham 1352:V. N. Chatterjee 1336:Singapore Mutiny 1302:in Germany, the 1300:Berlin Committee 1229:Tokyo University 1012:Anushilan Samiti 971:Thirumal Acharya 963:Sir Edward Henry 848:Madanlal Dhingra 838:, the political 775:Dadabhai Naoroji 755:Anushilan Samiti 686:Giuseppe Mazzini 663:M. P. T. Acharya 593:Giuseppe Mazzini 532:Valentine Chirol 459:Valentine Chirol 344:and believed in 298:Dadabhai Naoroji 198:Indian communism 6883: 6882: 6878: 6877: 6876: 6874: 6873: 6872: 6843: 6842: 6841: 6836: 6765: 6734: 6730:Yogendra Shukla 6625:Sohanlal Pathak 6540:Rajendra Lahiri 6460:Niralamba Swami 6420:Matangini Hazra 6125:Ashfaqulla Khan 6078: 6001: 5996: 5966: 5961: 5922:Cabinet Mission 5910: 5814:British leaders 5809: 5798:Yogendra Shukla 5703:Siraj ud-Daulah 5658:Rani Lakshmibai 5648:Rajendra Prasad 5638:R. Venkataraman 5583:Mithuben Petit‎ 5563:Mahadaji Shinde 5543:Lala Lajpat Rai 5378:Bahadur Shah II 5363:Ashfaqulla Khan 5333:Accamma Cherian 5328:Abul Kalam Azad 5320: 5314: 5285:Syed Ahmad Khan 5275:Sister Nivedita 5240:Pandita Ramabai 5235:Niralamba Swami 5200:J. B. Kripalani 5125:Ashfaqulla Khan 5117: 5111: 5050:Ghadar Movement 5008: 4889:Flag Satyagraha 4797:Revolutionaries 4779: 4773: 4716: 4710: 4612:Battle of Buxar 4558: 4553: 4523: 4518: 4355: 4350: 4312:Wayback Machine 4301: 4287: 4285:Further reading 4282: 4276: 4247: 4228: 4209: 4190: 4161: 4142: 4123: 4104: 4085: 4066: 4047: 4028: 4009: 3990: 3971: 3939: 3920: 3901: 3872: 3853: 3834: 3811: 3792: 3773: 3754: 3716:10.2307/1428642 3656: 3635: 3617: 3599: 3580: 3561: 3542: 3523: 3488:10.2307/3634258 3471: 3460: 3441: 3422: 3403: 3380: 3361: 3342: 3319: 3299:Lenin and India 3292: 3287: 3279: 3275: 3265: 3263: 3253: 3249: 3241: 3237: 3229: 3225: 3217: 3213: 3205: 3201: 3193: 3189: 3181: 3177: 3169: 3165: 3157: 3148: 3140: 3136: 3128: 3124: 3118:Popplewell 1995 3116: 3112: 3106:Popplewell 1995 3104: 3100: 3092: 3088: 3082:Popplewell 1995 3080: 3073: 3065: 3061: 3053: 3049: 3041: 3037: 3029: 3025: 3017: 3008: 3000: 2991: 2983: 2976: 2968: 2959: 2951: 2947: 2937: 2929: 2927: 2907: 2906: 2897: 2889: 2885: 2879:Popplewell 1995 2877: 2873: 2865: 2861: 2853: 2844: 2836: 2832: 2824: 2820: 2812: 2808: 2800: 2793: 2787:Popplewell 1995 2785: 2781: 2773: 2766: 2760:Popplewell 1995 2758: 2751: 2743: 2736: 2728: 2724: 2718:Popplewell 1995 2716: 2703: 2695: 2691: 2685:Popplewell 1995 2683: 2674: 2668:Popplewell 1995 2666: 2655: 2649:Popplewell 1995 2647: 2640: 2632: 2623: 2615: 2611: 2603: 2599: 2591: 2584: 2576: 2572: 2566:Popplewell 1995 2564: 2555: 2547: 2532: 2524: 2520: 2512: 2508: 2502:Popplewell 1995 2500: 2496: 2492:, p. 90,91 2488: 2484: 2476: 2472: 2464: 2453: 2447:Popplewell 1995 2445: 2441: 2433: 2424: 2416: 2407: 2399: 2386: 2378: 2359: 2351: 2344: 2336: 2332: 2324: 2315: 2307: 2303: 2295: 2291: 2283: 2279: 2271: 2264: 2256: 2252: 2244: 2240: 2232: 2225: 2217: 2213: 2205: 2201: 2193: 2189: 2181: 2174: 2166: 2159: 2151: 2142: 2134: 2127: 2119: 2115: 2107: 2103: 2095: 2091: 2081: 2079: 2069: 2062: 2054: 2050: 2042: 2038: 2030: 2026: 2018: 2014: 2006: 2002: 1994: 1990: 1982: 1978: 1970: 1963: 1955: 1951: 1943: 1939: 1931: 1927: 1919: 1910: 1902: 1898: 1890: 1883: 1875: 1862: 1854: 1843: 1833: 1831: 1826: 1825: 1821: 1813: 1809: 1801: 1797: 1789: 1780: 1772: 1763: 1755: 1751: 1743: 1726: 1718: 1714: 1706: 1697: 1689: 1685: 1677: 1673: 1665: 1661: 1653: 1649: 1641: 1632: 1628: 1568: 1524: 1518: 1411:Karl Liebknecht 1406: 1400: 1370: 1362:Main articles: 1360: 1274: 1268: 1262: 1205:Ghadar movement 1193:Gaelic American 1141:Gaelic American 1128: 1110: 1018: 1000: 991: 948: 935: 916:The arrival of 906: 886: 884:Countermeasures 790: 784: 746:British Library 665: 659: 651:V.N. Chatterjee 585: 575:V.N. Chatterjee 571: 565: 461: 455: 449: 410:, in memory of 395:Lala Lajpat Rai 384:Second Boer War 360:princely states 346:Herbert Spencer 319: 286: 210: 168:, assassinated 146:V.N. Chatterjee 85: 30: 19: 12: 11: 5: 6881: 6871: 6870: 6865: 6860: 6855: 6838: 6837: 6835: 6834: 6829: 6824: 6819: 6814: 6809: 6804: 6799: 6794: 6789: 6784: 6779: 6773: 6771: 6767: 6766: 6764: 6763: 6758: 6753: 6748: 6742: 6740: 6736: 6735: 6733: 6732: 6727: 6722: 6717: 6712: 6707: 6702: 6697: 6695:V. V. S. Aiyar 6692: 6690:Ullaskar Dutta 6687: 6682: 6677: 6672: 6667: 6662: 6660:Tarak Nath Das 6657: 6652: 6647: 6645:Sukhdev Thapar 6642: 6637: 6632: 6627: 6622: 6617: 6612: 6607: 6602: 6597: 6592: 6587: 6582: 6577: 6572: 6567: 6562: 6557: 6552: 6547: 6542: 6537: 6532: 6527: 6522: 6517: 6512: 6507: 6502: 6497: 6495:Prafulla Chaki 6492: 6487: 6482: 6477: 6472: 6467: 6462: 6457: 6452: 6447: 6442: 6437: 6432: 6427: 6422: 6417: 6412: 6407: 6402: 6397: 6392: 6387: 6382: 6377: 6372: 6367: 6362: 6357: 6352: 6350:Kanailal Dutta 6347: 6342: 6337: 6332: 6327: 6322: 6317: 6312: 6307: 6302: 6297: 6292: 6287: 6282: 6277: 6272: 6267: 6262: 6257: 6255:Durgawati Devi 6252: 6247: 6242: 6237: 6232: 6227: 6222: 6217: 6212: 6207: 6202: 6197: 6195:Bhai Parmanand 6192: 6190:Bhai Balmukund 6187: 6182: 6177: 6172: 6167: 6162: 6157: 6152: 6147: 6142: 6137: 6132: 6127: 6122: 6117: 6112: 6107: 6102: 6097: 6092: 6086: 6084: 6080: 6079: 6077: 6076: 6071: 6066: 6061: 6055: 6050: 6045: 6040: 6035: 6030: 6025: 6020: 6015: 6009: 6007: 6003: 6002: 5995: 5994: 5987: 5980: 5972: 5963: 5962: 5960: 5959: 5954: 5949: 5944: 5939: 5934: 5929: 5924: 5918: 5916: 5912: 5911: 5909: 5908: 5903: 5898: 5893: 5888: 5883: 5878: 5873: 5868: 5863: 5858: 5853: 5848: 5843: 5838: 5833: 5828: 5823: 5817: 5815: 5811: 5810: 5808: 5807: 5800: 5795: 5790: 5785: 5780: 5775: 5770: 5765: 5760: 5755: 5750: 5745: 5740: 5738:Tarak Nath Das 5735: 5730: 5725: 5720: 5715: 5710: 5705: 5700: 5695: 5690: 5688:Shuja-ud-Daula 5685: 5680: 5678:Sarojini Naidu 5675: 5670: 5665: 5660: 5655: 5650: 5645: 5640: 5635: 5630: 5625: 5623:Prafulla Chaki 5620: 5615: 5610: 5605: 5600: 5595: 5590: 5585: 5580: 5575: 5570: 5568:Mahatma Gandhi 5565: 5560: 5555: 5550: 5545: 5540: 5535: 5530: 5525: 5520: 5515: 5510: 5505: 5500: 5495: 5490: 5485: 5480: 5475: 5470: 5465: 5460: 5455: 5450: 5445: 5440: 5435: 5430: 5425: 5420: 5415: 5410: 5405: 5400: 5395: 5390: 5385: 5380: 5375: 5370: 5365: 5360: 5355: 5350: 5345: 5340: 5335: 5330: 5324: 5322: 5316: 5315: 5313: 5312: 5307: 5302: 5297: 5292: 5290:Vakkom Moulavi 5287: 5282: 5277: 5272: 5267: 5262: 5257: 5252: 5247: 5242: 5237: 5232: 5227: 5222: 5220:Mahatma Gandhi 5217: 5212: 5207: 5205:Jyotirao Phule 5202: 5197: 5192: 5187: 5182: 5177: 5172: 5167: 5162: 5157: 5152: 5147: 5145:B. R. Ambedkar 5142: 5137: 5135:Ayya Vaikundar 5132: 5127: 5121: 5119: 5113: 5112: 5110: 5109: 5102: 5097: 5092: 5087: 5082: 5077: 5072: 5067: 5062: 5057: 5052: 5047: 5042: 5037: 5032: 5027: 5022: 5016: 5014: 5010: 5009: 5007: 5006: 5001: 4996: 4991: 4986: 4981: 4976: 4971: 4966: 4964:Cripps Mission 4961: 4956: 4951: 4946: 4941: 4936: 4931: 4926: 4921: 4916: 4911: 4906: 4901: 4896: 4891: 4886: 4881: 4876: 4871: 4866: 4861: 4856: 4854:Noakhali riots 4851: 4846: 4841: 4836: 4831: 4826: 4821: 4816: 4809: 4804: 4799: 4794: 4789: 4783: 4781: 4775: 4774: 4772: 4771: 4766: 4761: 4756: 4751: 4746: 4741: 4736: 4731: 4726: 4720: 4718: 4717:and ideologies 4712: 4711: 4709: 4708: 4701: 4699:Radcliffe Line 4696: 4691: 4686: 4681: 4676: 4674:Vellore Mutiny 4671: 4666: 4665: 4664: 4659: 4654: 4649: 4641: 4640: 4639: 4634: 4629: 4624: 4614: 4609: 4604: 4599: 4594: 4589: 4584: 4579: 4574: 4568: 4566: 4560: 4559: 4552: 4551: 4544: 4537: 4529: 4520: 4519: 4517: 4516: 4509: 4504: 4497: 4490: 4485: 4478: 4471: 4466: 4461: 4459:G. S. Khaparde 4456: 4451: 4446: 4441: 4436: 4434:M.P.T. Acharya 4431: 4426: 4421: 4416: 4414:V. D. Savarkar 4411: 4406: 4401: 4396: 4391: 4386: 4381: 4376: 4371: 4360: 4357: 4356: 4349: 4348: 4341: 4334: 4326: 4320: 4319: 4300: 4299:External links 4297: 4296: 4295: 4286: 4283: 4281: 4280: 4274: 4261: 4251: 4245: 4232: 4226: 4213: 4207: 4194: 4188: 4175: 4165: 4159: 4146: 4140: 4127: 4121: 4108: 4102: 4089: 4083: 4070: 4064: 4051: 4045: 4032: 4026: 4013: 4007: 3994: 3988: 3975: 3969: 3952: 3943: 3937: 3924: 3918: 3905: 3899: 3886: 3876: 3870: 3857: 3851: 3838: 3832: 3815: 3809: 3796: 3790: 3777: 3771: 3758: 3752: 3740:Hopkirk, Peter 3736: 3699: 3659: 3654: 3642:Hopkirk, Peter 3638: 3633: 3620: 3615: 3602: 3597: 3584: 3578: 3565: 3559: 3546: 3540: 3527: 3521: 3508: 3464: 3458: 3445: 3439: 3426: 3420: 3407: 3401: 3384: 3378: 3365: 3359: 3346: 3340: 3323: 3317: 3304: 3293: 3291: 3288: 3286: 3285: 3273: 3247: 3235: 3231:Bannerjee 2005 3223: 3211: 3199: 3187: 3175: 3163: 3146: 3134: 3122: 3110: 3098: 3086: 3071: 3059: 3047: 3035: 3023: 3006: 2989: 2974: 2957: 2945: 2895: 2883: 2871: 2859: 2842: 2830: 2818: 2806: 2791: 2779: 2764: 2749: 2734: 2722: 2701: 2689: 2672: 2653: 2638: 2621: 2609: 2597: 2582: 2570: 2553: 2530: 2518: 2506: 2494: 2482: 2470: 2451: 2439: 2422: 2405: 2384: 2357: 2342: 2330: 2313: 2301: 2289: 2277: 2262: 2250: 2246:Jaffrelot 1996 2238: 2223: 2211: 2199: 2187: 2172: 2157: 2140: 2125: 2113: 2101: 2089: 2060: 2048: 2036: 2024: 2012: 2000: 1988: 1976: 1961: 1949: 1937: 1925: 1908: 1896: 1881: 1860: 1841: 1819: 1807: 1795: 1778: 1761: 1749: 1724: 1712: 1695: 1683: 1671: 1659: 1647: 1629: 1627: 1624: 1567: 1564: 1520:Main article: 1517: 1514: 1477:Weimar Germany 1419:Rosa Luxemburg 1402:Main article: 1399: 1396: 1359: 1356: 1282:Ghadar di gunj 1264:Main article: 1261: 1258: 1241:Ottoman Empire 1197:Free Hindustan 1181:Free Hindustan 1154:George Freeman 1109: 1106: 1072:Rowlatt report 1064:A.M.T. Jackson 1004:A.M.T. Jackson 999: 996: 990: 987: 947: 944: 934: 931: 905: 902: 894:Special Branch 885: 882: 783: 780: 750:Hemchandra Das 734:Abhinav Bharat 725:Abhinav Bharat 714:Abhinav Bharat 669:Abhinav Bharat 658: 657:Transformation 655: 643:Abhinav Bharat 624:Abhinav Bharat 602:Abhinav Bharat 567:Main article: 564: 561: 451:Main article: 448: 443: 439:Flags of India 330:Stuttgart flag 318: 315: 285: 282: 209: 206: 158:M.P.T. Acharya 150:Lala Har Dayal 17: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6880: 6869: 6866: 6864: 6861: 6859: 6856: 6854: 6851: 6850: 6848: 6833: 6830: 6828: 6825: 6823: 6820: 6818: 6815: 6813: 6810: 6808: 6807:Ghadar Mutiny 6805: 6803: 6800: 6798: 6795: 6793: 6790: 6788: 6785: 6783: 6780: 6778: 6775: 6774: 6772: 6768: 6762: 6759: 6757: 6754: 6752: 6749: 6747: 6746:Bande Mataram 6744: 6743: 6741: 6737: 6731: 6728: 6726: 6723: 6721: 6718: 6716: 6713: 6711: 6708: 6706: 6703: 6701: 6698: 6696: 6693: 6691: 6688: 6686: 6683: 6681: 6678: 6676: 6673: 6671: 6668: 6666: 6663: 6661: 6658: 6656: 6653: 6651: 6648: 6646: 6643: 6641: 6638: 6636: 6633: 6631: 6630:Sri Aurobindo 6628: 6626: 6623: 6621: 6618: 6616: 6613: 6611: 6608: 6606: 6603: 6601: 6598: 6596: 6595:Satish Sardar 6593: 6591: 6588: 6586: 6583: 6581: 6578: 6576: 6573: 6571: 6568: 6566: 6563: 6561: 6558: 6556: 6553: 6551: 6548: 6546: 6543: 6541: 6538: 6536: 6533: 6531: 6528: 6526: 6523: 6521: 6518: 6516: 6513: 6511: 6508: 6506: 6503: 6501: 6498: 6496: 6493: 6491: 6488: 6486: 6483: 6481: 6478: 6476: 6473: 6471: 6468: 6466: 6463: 6461: 6458: 6456: 6453: 6451: 6448: 6446: 6443: 6441: 6438: 6436: 6433: 6431: 6428: 6426: 6423: 6421: 6418: 6416: 6413: 6411: 6408: 6406: 6405:Mahavir Singh 6403: 6401: 6398: 6396: 6393: 6391: 6390:Kushal Konwar 6388: 6386: 6383: 6381: 6380:Khudiram Bose 6378: 6376: 6373: 6371: 6368: 6366: 6363: 6361: 6358: 6356: 6355:Kalpana Datta 6353: 6351: 6348: 6346: 6343: 6341: 6338: 6336: 6335:Jiban Ghoshal 6333: 6331: 6328: 6326: 6323: 6321: 6318: 6316: 6313: 6311: 6308: 6306: 6303: 6301: 6300:Harigopal Bal 6298: 6296: 6295:Haridas Dutta 6293: 6291: 6288: 6286: 6283: 6281: 6278: 6276: 6273: 6271: 6268: 6266: 6263: 6261: 6258: 6256: 6253: 6251: 6248: 6246: 6243: 6241: 6238: 6236: 6233: 6231: 6228: 6226: 6223: 6221: 6218: 6216: 6213: 6211: 6208: 6206: 6203: 6201: 6198: 6196: 6193: 6191: 6188: 6186: 6183: 6181: 6178: 6176: 6173: 6171: 6168: 6166: 6163: 6161: 6160:Basawon Singh 6158: 6156: 6153: 6151: 6148: 6146: 6143: 6141: 6138: 6136: 6133: 6131: 6128: 6126: 6123: 6121: 6118: 6116: 6113: 6111: 6108: 6106: 6103: 6101: 6098: 6096: 6093: 6091: 6088: 6087: 6085: 6081: 6075: 6072: 6070: 6067: 6065: 6062: 6059: 6056: 6054: 6051: 6049: 6046: 6044: 6041: 6039: 6036: 6034: 6031: 6029: 6026: 6024: 6021: 6019: 6016: 6014: 6011: 6010: 6008: 6006:Organizations 6004: 6000: 5993: 5988: 5986: 5981: 5979: 5974: 5973: 5970: 5958: 5955: 5953: 5950: 5948: 5945: 5943: 5940: 5938: 5935: 5933: 5930: 5928: 5925: 5923: 5920: 5919: 5917: 5913: 5907: 5904: 5902: 5899: 5897: 5894: 5892: 5889: 5887: 5884: 5882: 5879: 5877: 5874: 5872: 5869: 5867: 5864: 5862: 5859: 5857: 5854: 5852: 5849: 5847: 5844: 5842: 5839: 5837: 5834: 5832: 5829: 5827: 5824: 5822: 5819: 5818: 5816: 5812: 5806: 5805: 5801: 5799: 5796: 5794: 5791: 5789: 5786: 5784: 5781: 5779: 5776: 5774: 5771: 5769: 5766: 5764: 5761: 5759: 5756: 5754: 5751: 5749: 5746: 5744: 5741: 5739: 5736: 5734: 5731: 5729: 5726: 5724: 5721: 5719: 5716: 5714: 5711: 5709: 5706: 5704: 5701: 5699: 5696: 5694: 5691: 5689: 5686: 5684: 5683:Satyapal Dang 5681: 5679: 5676: 5674: 5671: 5669: 5666: 5664: 5661: 5659: 5656: 5654: 5651: 5649: 5646: 5644: 5641: 5639: 5636: 5634: 5631: 5629: 5626: 5624: 5621: 5619: 5616: 5614: 5611: 5609: 5608:Nana Fadnavis 5606: 5604: 5601: 5599: 5596: 5594: 5591: 5589: 5586: 5584: 5581: 5579: 5576: 5574: 5573:Mangal Pandey 5571: 5569: 5566: 5564: 5561: 5559: 5556: 5554: 5551: 5549: 5546: 5544: 5541: 5539: 5536: 5534: 5533:Khudiram Bose 5531: 5529: 5526: 5524: 5521: 5519: 5516: 5514: 5511: 5509: 5506: 5504: 5501: 5499: 5496: 5494: 5491: 5489: 5486: 5484: 5481: 5479: 5476: 5474: 5471: 5469: 5466: 5464: 5461: 5459: 5456: 5454: 5451: 5449: 5448:Chetram Jatav 5446: 5444: 5441: 5439: 5436: 5434: 5431: 5429: 5426: 5424: 5421: 5419: 5418:Bhikaiji Cama 5416: 5414: 5411: 5409: 5408:Bharathidasan 5406: 5404: 5401: 5399: 5396: 5394: 5393:Basawon Singh 5391: 5389: 5386: 5384: 5381: 5379: 5376: 5374: 5371: 5369: 5366: 5364: 5361: 5359: 5356: 5354: 5351: 5349: 5346: 5344: 5341: 5339: 5336: 5334: 5331: 5329: 5326: 5325: 5323: 5317: 5311: 5308: 5306: 5303: 5301: 5298: 5296: 5293: 5291: 5288: 5286: 5283: 5281: 5280:Sri Aurobindo 5278: 5276: 5273: 5271: 5268: 5266: 5263: 5261: 5258: 5256: 5253: 5251: 5250:Ram Mohan Roy 5248: 5246: 5243: 5241: 5238: 5236: 5233: 5231: 5230:Narayana Guru 5228: 5226: 5223: 5221: 5218: 5216: 5213: 5211: 5208: 5206: 5203: 5201: 5198: 5196: 5193: 5191: 5188: 5186: 5183: 5181: 5178: 5176: 5173: 5171: 5168: 5166: 5163: 5161: 5158: 5156: 5153: 5151: 5148: 5146: 5143: 5141: 5138: 5136: 5133: 5131: 5128: 5126: 5123: 5122: 5120: 5114: 5108: 5107: 5103: 5101: 5098: 5096: 5093: 5091: 5088: 5086: 5083: 5081: 5078: 5076: 5073: 5071: 5068: 5066: 5063: 5061: 5058: 5056: 5053: 5051: 5048: 5046: 5043: 5041: 5038: 5036: 5033: 5031: 5028: 5026: 5023: 5021: 5018: 5017: 5015: 5013:Organisations 5011: 5005: 5002: 5000: 4997: 4995: 4992: 4990: 4987: 4985: 4982: 4980: 4977: 4975: 4974:Bombay Mutiny 4972: 4970: 4967: 4965: 4962: 4960: 4959:Indian Legion 4957: 4955: 4952: 4950: 4947: 4945: 4942: 4940: 4937: 4935: 4932: 4930: 4927: 4925: 4922: 4920: 4917: 4915: 4912: 4910: 4907: 4905: 4902: 4900: 4899:1928 Protests 4897: 4895: 4892: 4890: 4887: 4885: 4882: 4880: 4877: 4875: 4872: 4870: 4867: 4865: 4862: 4860: 4857: 4855: 4852: 4850: 4847: 4845: 4844:Rowlatt Bills 4842: 4840: 4837: 4835: 4832: 4830: 4827: 4825: 4822: 4820: 4817: 4815: 4814: 4810: 4808: 4805: 4803: 4800: 4798: 4795: 4793: 4790: 4788: 4785: 4784: 4782: 4776: 4770: 4767: 4765: 4762: 4760: 4757: 4755: 4752: 4750: 4747: 4745: 4742: 4740: 4737: 4735: 4732: 4730: 4727: 4725: 4722: 4721: 4719: 4713: 4707: 4706: 4702: 4700: 4697: 4695: 4692: 4690: 4687: 4685: 4682: 4680: 4677: 4675: 4672: 4670: 4667: 4663: 4660: 4658: 4655: 4653: 4650: 4648: 4645: 4644: 4642: 4638: 4635: 4633: 4630: 4628: 4625: 4623: 4620: 4619: 4618: 4615: 4613: 4610: 4608: 4605: 4603: 4600: 4598: 4595: 4593: 4590: 4588: 4585: 4583: 4580: 4578: 4575: 4573: 4570: 4569: 4567: 4565: 4561: 4557: 4550: 4545: 4543: 4538: 4536: 4531: 4530: 4527: 4515: 4514: 4510: 4508: 4505: 4503: 4502: 4498: 4496: 4495: 4494:Bande Mataram 4491: 4489: 4486: 4484: 4483: 4479: 4477: 4476: 4472: 4470: 4467: 4465: 4462: 4460: 4457: 4455: 4452: 4450: 4447: 4445: 4442: 4440: 4437: 4435: 4432: 4430: 4427: 4425: 4422: 4420: 4419:V. V. S. Iyer 4417: 4415: 4412: 4410: 4407: 4405: 4404:Henry Hyndman 4402: 4400: 4397: 4395: 4394:Bhikaiji Cama 4392: 4390: 4387: 4385: 4382: 4380: 4377: 4375: 4372: 4369: 4368:revolutionary 4365: 4362: 4361: 4358: 4354: 4347: 4342: 4340: 4335: 4333: 4328: 4327: 4324: 4317: 4313: 4309: 4306: 4303: 4302: 4293: 4289: 4288: 4277: 4275:81-7041-470-9 4271: 4267: 4262: 4257: 4252: 4248: 4246:81-7764-715-6 4242: 4238: 4233: 4229: 4223: 4220:, Routledge, 4219: 4214: 4210: 4208:0-19-926191-1 4204: 4200: 4195: 4191: 4189:9780415556187 4185: 4181: 4176: 4171: 4166: 4162: 4160:81-7488-865-9 4156: 4152: 4147: 4143: 4141:81-261-2355-9 4137: 4133: 4128: 4124: 4122:0-7619-3338-7 4118: 4114: 4109: 4105: 4099: 4095: 4090: 4086: 4084:0-7146-4580-X 4080: 4076: 4071: 4067: 4065:0-7391-0137-4 4061: 4057: 4052: 4048: 4042: 4038: 4033: 4029: 4027:0-7619-9383-5 4023: 4019: 4014: 4010: 4004: 4000: 3995: 3991: 3989:0-415-34861-7 3985: 3981: 3976: 3972: 3970:0-389-20962-7 3966: 3961: 3960: 3953: 3949: 3944: 3940: 3938:81-7102-099-2 3934: 3930: 3925: 3921: 3919:81-7024-586-9 3915: 3911: 3906: 3902: 3900:1-4179-3235-X 3896: 3892: 3887: 3882: 3877: 3873: 3871:0-7146-8049-4 3867: 3863: 3858: 3854: 3852:81-250-2495-6 3848: 3844: 3839: 3835: 3833:0-7914-2063-9 3829: 3824: 3823: 3816: 3812: 3810:1-85065-301-1 3806: 3802: 3797: 3793: 3787: 3783: 3778: 3774: 3772:0-521-64327-9 3768: 3764: 3759: 3755: 3753:0-19-280230-5 3749: 3745: 3741: 3737: 3733: 3729: 3725: 3721: 3717: 3713: 3709: 3705: 3700: 3696: 3692: 3688: 3684: 3680: 3676: 3672: 3668: 3664: 3660: 3657: 3655:1-56836-127-0 3651: 3647: 3643: 3639: 3636: 3630: 3626: 3621: 3618: 3616:81-7054-112-3 3612: 3608: 3603: 3600: 3594: 3590: 3585: 3581: 3575: 3572:, Routledge, 3571: 3566: 3562: 3560:81-7154-667-6 3556: 3552: 3547: 3543: 3541:0-7591-0158-2 3537: 3533: 3528: 3524: 3522:0-543-94122-1 3518: 3514: 3513:Indian Unrest 3509: 3505: 3501: 3497: 3493: 3489: 3485: 3481: 3477: 3470: 3465: 3461: 3459:0-415-16952-6 3455: 3451: 3446: 3442: 3436: 3432: 3427: 3423: 3421:81-7211-123-1 3417: 3413: 3408: 3404: 3402:1-85973-348-4 3398: 3393: 3392: 3385: 3381: 3375: 3371: 3366: 3362: 3360:0-7914-6367-2 3356: 3352: 3347: 3343: 3341:0-19-508948-0 3337: 3332: 3331: 3324: 3320: 3318:81-7881-420-X 3314: 3310: 3305: 3300: 3295: 3294: 3282: 3277: 3262: 3258: 3251: 3244: 3239: 3232: 3227: 3221:, p. 109 3220: 3215: 3209:, p. 815 3208: 3207:Strachan 2001 3203: 3196: 3191: 3185:, p. 120 3184: 3179: 3172: 3167: 3160: 3155: 3153: 3151: 3143: 3138: 3131: 3126: 3120:, p. 230 3119: 3114: 3107: 3102: 3095: 3090: 3084:, p. 234 3083: 3078: 3076: 3068: 3063: 3057:, p. 788 3056: 3055:Strachan 2001 3051: 3045:, p. 300 3044: 3039: 3033:, p. 252 3032: 3027: 3021:, p. 338 3020: 3015: 3013: 3011: 3004:, p. 337 3003: 2998: 2996: 2994: 2987:, p. 335 2986: 2981: 2979: 2972:, p. 333 2971: 2966: 2964: 2962: 2955:, p. 137 2954: 2949: 2941: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2917: 2911: 2904: 2902: 2900: 2893:, p. 129 2892: 2887: 2881:, p. 135 2880: 2875: 2868: 2867:Majumdar 1966 2863: 2857:, p. 126 2856: 2851: 2849: 2847: 2839: 2834: 2827: 2822: 2815: 2814:Chambers 2015 2810: 2804:, p. 125 2803: 2798: 2796: 2788: 2783: 2776: 2771: 2769: 2762:, p. 132 2761: 2756: 2754: 2746: 2741: 2739: 2731: 2726: 2720:, p. 130 2719: 2714: 2712: 2710: 2708: 2706: 2698: 2693: 2687:, p. 129 2686: 2681: 2679: 2677: 2670:, p. 128 2669: 2664: 2662: 2660: 2658: 2651:, p. 127 2650: 2645: 2643: 2635: 2630: 2628: 2626: 2618: 2613: 2607:, p. 299 2606: 2601: 2594: 2589: 2587: 2580:, p. 269 2579: 2574: 2568:, p. 131 2567: 2562: 2560: 2558: 2550: 2545: 2543: 2541: 2539: 2537: 2535: 2527: 2522: 2515: 2510: 2503: 2498: 2491: 2486: 2480:, p. 300 2479: 2474: 2467: 2462: 2460: 2458: 2456: 2449:, p. 133 2448: 2443: 2436: 2431: 2429: 2427: 2419: 2414: 2412: 2410: 2402: 2397: 2395: 2393: 2391: 2389: 2381: 2376: 2374: 2372: 2370: 2368: 2366: 2364: 2362: 2354: 2349: 2347: 2339: 2334: 2327: 2322: 2320: 2318: 2311:, p. 123 2310: 2305: 2299:, p. 169 2298: 2293: 2287:, p. 123 2286: 2281: 2274: 2269: 2267: 2260:, p. 212 2259: 2258:Puniyani 2005 2254: 2247: 2242: 2235: 2230: 2228: 2220: 2215: 2209:, p. 379 2208: 2203: 2197:, p. 148 2196: 2191: 2184: 2179: 2177: 2169: 2164: 2162: 2154: 2149: 2147: 2145: 2137: 2132: 2130: 2123:, p. 246 2122: 2117: 2111:, p. 159 2110: 2105: 2098: 2093: 2078: 2074: 2067: 2065: 2058:, p. 136 2057: 2052: 2046:, p. xix 2045: 2040: 2033: 2028: 2021: 2016: 2009: 2004: 1998:, p. 158 1997: 1992: 1986:, p. 330 1985: 1980: 1973: 1968: 1966: 1958: 1953: 1946: 1941: 1934: 1929: 1923:, p. 171 1922: 1917: 1915: 1913: 1906:, p. 299 1905: 1904:Majumdar 1971 1900: 1894:, p. 119 1893: 1888: 1886: 1879:, p. 123 1878: 1873: 1871: 1869: 1867: 1865: 1857: 1852: 1850: 1848: 1846: 1829: 1828:"India House" 1823: 1817:, p. 110 1816: 1811: 1804: 1803:Pasricha 2008 1799: 1792: 1787: 1785: 1783: 1775: 1770: 1768: 1766: 1758: 1753: 1746: 1741: 1739: 1737: 1735: 1733: 1731: 1729: 1722:, p. 117 1721: 1716: 1709: 1704: 1702: 1700: 1692: 1687: 1680: 1675: 1669:, p. 158 1668: 1663: 1656: 1651: 1645:, p. 334 1644: 1639: 1637: 1635: 1630: 1623: 1620: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1603:Narendra Modi 1600: 1596: 1595:Kranti Teerth 1592: 1588: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1566:Commemoration 1563: 1561: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1536: 1535: 1529: 1523: 1513: 1511: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1452: 1447: 1445: 1441: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1412: 1405: 1395: 1393: 1389: 1388: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1369: 1365: 1355: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1328: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1283: 1278: 1273: 1267: 1257: 1255: 1251: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1208: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1185:Taraknath Das 1182: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1168: 1163: 1157: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1142: 1137: 1133: 1127: 1123: 1122:Taraknath Das 1119: 1115: 1105: 1103: 1102: 1096: 1091: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1068:Anant Kanhere 1065: 1061: 1056: 1052: 1051:Bande Mataram 1048: 1043: 1039: 1036: 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Khaparde 919: 914: 912: 904:Scotland Yard 901: 899: 898:Scotland Yard 895: 891: 881: 879: 875: 870: 869: 864: 863:David Garnett 860: 856: 855:Scotland Yard 851: 849: 845: 841: 837: 832: 828: 827: 822: 821: 816: 815: 805: 801: 800: 796:Cover of the 794: 789: 779: 776: 772: 767: 765: 764:Khudiram Bose 761: 757: 756: 751: 747: 743: 737: 735: 731: 726: 722: 720: 715: 711: 707: 703: 699: 693: 691: 687: 683: 682: 677: 676: 675:Bhagavad Gita 670: 664: 654: 652: 648: 644: 640: 636: 632: 627: 625: 621: 617: 613: 609: 605: 603: 598: 594: 590: 584: 580: 576: 570: 569:V.D. 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Kurian 6425:Mohit Moitra 6395:Lokenath Bal 6265:Ganesh Ghosh 6250:Dinesh Gupta 6175:Bhagat Singh 6115:Ananta Singh 6052: 6043:Ghadar Party 5927:Constitution 5915:Independence 5802: 5773:Vanchinathan 5403:Bhagat Singh 5358:Annie Besant 5319:Independence 5300:Vinoba Bhave 5104: 5100:Swaraj Party 5064: 5004:Lucknow Pact 4914:Purna Swaraj 4904:Nehru Report 4811: 4715:Philosophies 4703: 4669:Polygar Wars 4597:French India 4582:Dutch Bengal 4572:Colonisation 4511: 4499: 4492: 4480: 4473: 4352: 4291: 4290:Bose, Arun. 4265: 4255: 4236: 4217: 4198: 4179: 4169: 4150: 4131: 4112: 4093: 4074: 4055: 4036: 4017: 3998: 3979: 3958: 3947: 3928: 3909: 3890: 3880: 3861: 3842: 3821: 3800: 3781: 3762: 3743: 3707: 3703: 3670: 3666: 3645: 3624: 3606: 3588: 3569: 3550: 3531: 3512: 3479: 3475: 3449: 3430: 3411: 3390: 3369: 3350: 3329: 3308: 3298: 3283:, p. 17 3276: 3264:. 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Aiyar 601: 586: 579:V.V.S. Aiyar 555: 539: 535: 526: 524: 518: 514: 506: 503:G.K. Gokhale 498: 494: 488: 486: 468: 445: 416: 388: 362:, including 353: 335: 326:Bhikaji Cama 306:Bhikaji Cama 287: 256: 250: 218: 211: 174: 154:V.V.S. Aiyar 142:Bhikaji Cama 128:, which the 123: 121: 105:North London 96: 95: 87: 38:blue plaques 15: 6853:India House 6685:Udham Singh 6445:Mukundi Lal 6435:Motilal Roy 6375:Kishori Lal 6360:Kalyani Das 6320:Hemu Kalani 6150:Banwari Lal 6140:Bagha Jatin 6135:Badal Gupta 6053:India House 5871:Mountbatten 5493:Hemu Kalani 5373:Bagha Jatin 5310:Vivekananda 5065:India House 4949:Act of 1935 4724:Ambedkarism 4592:British Raj 4353:India House 3266:12 November 3183:Radhan 2002 3031:Hoover 1985 2891:Lahiri 2000 2855:Lahiri 2000 2838:Lahiri 2000 2826:Lahiri 2000 2802:Lahiri 2000 2605:McMinn 1992 2355:, p. 9 2328:, p. 4 2309:Ghodke 1990 2234:Joseph 2003 2195:Chirol 1910 2185:, p. 8 2121:Israel 2002 2109:Parekh 1999 2097:Mahmud 1994 2082:12 November 2032:Mahmud 1994 2020:Baruwa 2004 2008:Sareen 1979 1996:Parekh 1999 1959:, p. 4 1945:Joseph 2003 1933:Joseph 2003 1776:, p. 7 1710:, p. 6 1611:blue plaque 1510:Great Purge 1415:Jean Jaurès 1293:during WWI. 1285:, an early 1260:World War I 1221:pan-Asiatic 1101:Hind Swaraj 1076:Vanchi Iyer 1055:Oh Martyrs! 1016:Hind Swaraj 859:John Morley 782:Culmination 730:picric acid 710:Maharashtra 635:Young Italy 583:Hind Swaraj 548:John Morley 505:; instead, 404:British Raj 382:during the 284:India House 238:Maharashtra 132:banned as " 130:British Raj 97:India House 6847:Categories 6640:Subodh Roy 6600:Shiv Verma 6275:Gulab Kaur 6245:Deba Gupta 6170:Benoy Basu 6100:Ajoy Ghosh 6060:(Yugantar) 5901:Linlithgow 5841:Chelmsford 5831:Cornwallis 5743:Tatya Tope 5613:Nana Saheb 5518:K. Kamaraj 5468:Dhan Singh 5383:Bakht Khan 5035:Arya Samaj 4969:Quit India 4919:Salt March 4778:Events and 4754:Satyagraha 4429:P.M. Bapat 4399:S. R. Rana 4379:Lajpat Rai 3290:References 3243:Bhatt 2001 3219:Price 2005 3195:Yadav 1992 3171:Price 2005 3159:Yadav 1992 3142:Yadav 1992 3130:Sinha 2014 3043:Brown 1948 2942:required.) 2930:29 October 2697:Yadav 1992 2634:Yadav 1992 2617:Yadav 1992 2578:Fryer 1984 2549:Yadav 1992 2490:Heehs 1993 2478:Yadav 1992 2418:Bhatt 2001 2380:Bhatt 2001 2353:Yadav 1992 2338:Yadav 1992 2326:Yadav 1992 2285:Parel 2000 2273:Yadav 1992 2219:Bhatt 2001 2183:Yadav 1992 1921:Innes 2002 1834:26 October 1774:Yadav 1992 1708:Yadav 1992 1691:Desai 2005 1679:Desai 2005 1655:Mitra 2006 1555:Spencerian 1338:, and the 1270:See also: 1164:, and the 1150:S.L. Joshi 1112:See also: 1002:See also: 874:Maud Gonne 868:Daily News 814:Daily Mail 786:See also: 721:in India. 661:See also: 647:P.M. Bapat 573:See also: 544:Edward VII 473:Guy Aldred 457:See also: 208:Background 162:P.M. Bapat 6655:Surya Sen 6635:Srish Pal 6560:Ram Rakha 6535:Rajat Sen 6285:Har Dayal 5876:Wellesley 5861:Dalhousie 5723:Surya Sen 5618:P. Kakkan 5578:Mir Qasim 5553:M. N. Roy 5488:Har Dayal 5321:activists 5150:Baba Amte 5140:Ayyankali 5118:reformers 5040:Azad Hind 4780:movements 4759:Socialism 4439:Har Dayal 4318:, Mumbai. 3724:0149-7952 3695:145323846 3687:1740-0228 3496:0030-8684 3281:Kara 1986 2775:Owen 2007 2526:Owen 2007 2514:Owen 2007 2401:Owen 2007 2168:Owen 2007 2153:Owen 2007 2136:Owen 2007 2044:Bose 2002 1972:Owen 2007 1957:Bose 2002 1815:Abel 2005 1791:Owen 2007 1757:Owen 2007 1745:Owen 2007 1560:Mahasabha 1534:Mahasabha 1497:M. N. Roy 1481:Chicherin 1444:The Hague 1435:Marseille 1317:Sinn Féin 1287:Ghadarite 1201:Har Dayal 1114:Har Dayal 989:Influence 979:Bipin Pal 536:The Times 481:anarchism 435:Stuttgart 408:S.R. Rana 391:S.R. Rana 386:in 1899. 328:with the 225:A.O. Hume 134:seditious 6215:Bina Das 6058:Jugantar 5906:Hastings 5866:Bentinck 5085:Jugantar 4729:Gandhism 4454:B.C. Pal 4308:Archived 3742:(2001), 3644:(1997), 2207:Lee 2004 1877:Qur 2005 1489:Brussels 958:and the 918:B.C. Pal 826:Dispatch 563:Savarkar 368:Junagadh 313:(IHRS). 294:Highgate 260:such as 179:and the 101:Highgate 86:Centre: 62:Savarkar 42:Savarkar 5826:Canning 5245:Periyar 4894:Bardoli 4662:Gwalior 4564:History 3732:1428642 3504:3634258 1505:Marxism 1487:to the 1169:Society 1167:Vedanta 842:to the 690:Marathi 604:Society 477:Dhingra 232:and in 78:Kanhere 74:Acharya 54:Dhingra 6770:Events 6083:People 5896:Cripps 5891:Outram 5881:Lytton 5846:Curzon 5821:Wavell 5116:Social 4769:Swaraj 4652:Second 4637:Fourth 4627:Second 4501:Talvar 4272: 4243: 4224: 4205: 4186: 4157: 4138: 4119: 4100: 4081: 4062: 4043: 4024: 4005: 3986: 3967: 3935: 3916: 3897: 3868: 3849: 3830: 3807: 3788: 3769: 3750: 3730: 3722: 3693: 3685: 3652: 3631: 3613: 3595: 3576: 3557: 3538: 3519: 3502: 3494: 3456: 3437: 3418: 3399: 3376: 3357: 3338: 3315: 2936: 1579:Mandvi 1532:Hindu 1387:Sûreté 1334:, the 1217:Ceylon 1124:, and 1014:, and 983:Swaraj 706:Bombay 702:Punjab 698:Bengal 581:, and 550:, the 495:Indian 423:French 364:Ratlam 242:Madras 234:Punjab 230:Bengal 194:alumni 82:Pillai 5886:Clive 5856:Minto 5851:Ripon 5836:Irwin 5270:Shahu 4657:Third 4647:First 4632:Third 4622:First 3728:JSTOR 3691:S2CID 3500:JSTOR 3472:(PDF) 1626:Notes 1066:, by 1060:Nasik 975:leper 846:, by 427:Lenin 380:Boers 355:divan 257:India 70:Gonne 66:Bapat 58:Aiyar 5804:more 5106:more 4705:more 4513:more 4270:ISBN 4241:ISBN 4222:ISBN 4203:ISBN 4184:ISBN 4155:ISBN 4136:ISBN 4117:ISBN 4098:ISBN 4079:ISBN 4060:ISBN 4041:ISBN 4022:ISBN 4003:ISBN 3984:ISBN 3965:ISBN 3933:ISBN 3914:ISBN 3895:ISBN 3866:ISBN 3847:ISBN 3828:ISBN 3805:ISBN 3786:ISBN 3767:ISBN 3748:ISBN 3720:ISSN 3683:ISSN 3650:ISBN 3629:ISBN 3611:ISBN 3593:ISBN 3574:ISBN 3555:ISBN 3536:ISBN 3517:ISBN 3492:ISSN 3454:ISBN 3435:ISBN 3416:ISBN 3397:ISBN 3374:ISBN 3355:ISBN 3336:ISBN 3313:ISBN 3268:2015 2932:2015 2084:2015 1836:2015 1421:and 1366:and 1225:Urdu 1152:and 1053:and 920:and 823:and 708:and 700:and 612:Pune 417:The 366:and 304:and 200:and 160:and 80:and 3712:doi 3675:doi 3484:doi 2921:doi 1613:by 1599:Lit 1442:at 1227:at 981:'s 610:in 556:TIS 540:TIS 527:TIS 519:Raj 515:TIS 507:TIS 499:TIS 433:in 340:'s 6849:: 4314:. 3726:, 3718:, 3706:, 3689:, 3681:, 3669:, 3498:, 3490:, 3480:17 3478:, 3474:, 3259:. 3149:^ 3074:^ 3009:^ 2992:^ 2977:^ 2960:^ 2913:. 2898:^ 2845:^ 2794:^ 2767:^ 2752:^ 2737:^ 2704:^ 2675:^ 2656:^ 2641:^ 2624:^ 2585:^ 2556:^ 2533:^ 2454:^ 2425:^ 2408:^ 2387:^ 2360:^ 2345:^ 2316:^ 2265:^ 2226:^ 2175:^ 2160:^ 2143:^ 2128:^ 2075:. 2063:^ 1964:^ 1911:^ 1884:^ 1863:^ 1844:^ 1781:^ 1764:^ 1727:^ 1698:^ 1633:^ 1562:. 1512:. 1417:, 1413:, 1315:, 1207:. 1148:, 1120:, 1116:, 1062:, 1033:. 1010:, 1006:, 817:, 766:. 577:, 471:. 441:. 393:, 300:, 240:, 204:. 156:, 152:, 148:, 144:, 140:, 103:, 76:, 72:, 68:, 64:, 60:, 56:, 5991:e 5984:t 5977:v 4548:e 4541:t 4534:v 4370:) 4366:( 4345:e 4338:t 4331:v 4279:. 4260:. 4250:. 4231:. 4212:. 4193:. 4174:. 4164:. 4145:. 4126:. 4107:. 4088:. 4069:. 4050:. 4031:. 4012:. 3993:. 3974:. 3942:. 3923:. 3904:. 3885:. 3875:. 3856:. 3837:. 3814:. 3795:. 3776:. 3757:. 3735:. 3714:: 3708:8 3698:. 3677:: 3671:2 3583:. 3564:. 3545:. 3526:. 3507:. 3486:: 3463:. 3444:. 3425:. 3406:. 3383:. 3364:. 3345:. 3322:. 3303:. 3270:. 2934:. 2923:: 2086:. 1838:. 1597:( 483:. 84:. 44:. 29:.

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