848:
840:
3339:
828:
610:
66:
881:
71:
4158:
89:
1668:
990:
820:
1291:, the colony was formally ceded to the United Kingdom, and with the ratification of this treaty by the Netherlands on 20 November 1815, all Dutch legal claims to the colony were rescinded. The plantations and the enslaved people of the Society of Berbice remained under their ownership, but they had already made a decision to sell their possessions in 1795, and they closed their offices in 1821.
1077:. The Van Peere family did not want to pay a ransom to the French to free the colony, and in order to not let the colony cede to the French, the brothers Nicolaas and Hendrik van Hoorn, Arnold Dix, Pieter Schuurmans, and Cornelis van Peere, paid the ransom of Ζ180,000 in cash and Ζ120,000 in sugar and enslaved people on 24 October 1714, thereby acquiring the colony.
1062:, which was founded to succeed the First Dutch West India Company that went bankrupt in 1674, and the Van Peere family, because the family wanted the colony as an immortal loan as agreed with the first Company. This was resolved when on 14 September 1678 a charter was signed which established Berbice as a hereditary
1155:
had been invited by a planter to teach the people he enslaved. They were treated with suspicion, and received several official warnings. In 1757, the missionaries left, and joined the congregation at the village of
Pilgerhut founded in 1740 outside the plantation area, where they lived with 300
1202:
in
February 1763. The enslaved people captured the south of the colony while the whites, who were severely outnumbered, tried to hang on the north. The uprising went on until well into 1764, with Coffy naming himself governor of Berbice. Only with the use of brute force and military aid by
1210:
The uprising led to a steep population decline, abandonment and destruction of many plantations, and serious financial problems for the
Society. Fort Nassau had been set on fire to prevent it falling into enemy hands. In 1785 the village was abandoned in favour of
1254:
The colony was on 22 April 1796 again captured by
Britain, however this time without a fight. A deal was struck with the colony: all laws and customs could remain, and the citizens were equal to British citizens. Any government official who swore loyalty to the
1171:
Berbice was supposed to be guarded by 60 soldiers in Fort Nassau, and another 20 to 30 soldiers in other locations. Even when not under attack, wars often caused supply problems. In 1670s, the colony had not been supplied for 17 months, and
1286:
In
September 1803 the British occupied the territory again, this time for good, and once again without a fight. Abraham van Batenburg, who had been exiled to Europe in 1803, returned for his second term as governor. In the
1043:. Until 1714, the colony remained the personal possession of Van Peere and his descendants. Little is known about the early years of the colony, other than that it succeeded in repelling an English attack in 1665 in the
1163:
The colony had peace and trade treaties with the local
Amerindians. This colony did not intervene in wars between the tribes, and no Amerindian was allowed to be taken into slavery unless they were sold by the
1612:
1559:
1549:
1128:). In 1735, a school master was hired to teach the white children. There were medical doctors stationed in New Amsterdam and Fort Nassau, and six local doctors were assigned to the plantations.
847:
1582:
1493:
1505:
4064:
3700:
1630:
1325:
In 1838, Berbice was made one of the three counties of Guiana, the other two being
Demerara and Essequibo. In 1958, the county was abolished when Guiana was subdivided into districts.
3461:
1463:
3992:
3888:
3421:
1469:
3893:
3491:
1487:
3820:
1445:
585:
3630:
3670:
3620:
1744:
3291:
1511:
1481:
1267:
settled in the colony, doubling the slave population. The
British now remained in possession of the colony until 27 March 1802, when Berbice was restored to the
4235:
3300:
3972:
3957:
1439:
1433:
292:
1427:
1408:
1378:
4230:
3543:
3379:
3922:
1575:
1457:
1402:
1384:
3705:
1523:
1414:
839:
1101:. In the years following, Berbice's economic situation improved, consisting of 12 plantations owned by the society, 93 private plantation along the
4225:
3947:
3548:
3374:
679:
3873:
3805:
1396:
1390:
2001:
3715:
1475:
1605:
4141:
3780:
3284:
1283:
with a piece of meat on top. The remaining soldiers aided by
Suriname and the Amerindians put down the revolt, and executed five soldiers.
3942:
3831:
3750:
3745:
3690:
3563:
1018:
761:
701:
137:
130:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3725:
1527:
4074:
3720:
3710:
3394:
4163:
4099:
4054:
3755:
3466:
3436:
2614:
4002:
3912:
3277:
1517:
1260:
1359:, was spoken until well into the 20th century. In 2005, the last known speaker died. The language was declared extinct in 2010.
4109:
4094:
3883:
3878:
3785:
3740:
3323:
3841:
3735:
3730:
3538:
3414:
3240:
3236:
3005:
421:
4176:
3269:
2548:
1248:
4059:
4012:
1059:
194:
3846:
3810:
3675:
3338:
2779:
1244:
1306:. As part of the reforms of the newly acquired colonies on the South American mainland, the British merged Berbice with
3865:
2537:
2518:
Geschiedenis van de koloniΓ«n
Essequebo, Demerary en Berbice, van de vestiging der Nederlanders aldaar tot op onzen tijd
1499:
4215:
2472:
684:
434:
4069:
3695:
3583:
3533:
2677:
1143:
was installed in Fort Nassau, but after a personal conflict with the governor, he was transferred to Wiruni Creek.
3655:
3640:
3553:
3318:
1011:
970:
781:
3962:
3967:
3836:
3593:
3389:
3384:
2560:
1243:, because 34 out of 93 plantations in Berbice were under British ownership. In January 1782, the colonies were
190:
4134:
4007:
3932:
3760:
3506:
3496:
3456:
3328:
2492:
Kars, Marjoleine (Feb 2016). "Dodging Rebellion: Politics and Gender in the Berbice Slave Uprising of 1763".
2090:
1074:
827:
395:
288:
2861:
4029:
3927:
3680:
3610:
3431:
3349:
2876:
2607:
1451:
1204:
590:
4119:
4104:
3815:
3558:
3200:
2934:
2529:
A Description of British Guiana, Geographical and Statistical: Exhibiting Its Resources and Capabilities
2356:
2131:
880:
787:
After being a hereditary fief in the possession of the Van Peere family, the colony was governed by the
3605:
3523:
3102:
2797:
2656:
2494:
2482:
2290:
1288:
1004:
860:
556:
486:
3685:
1913:
1247:, who were allied with the Dutch, and who subsequently restored the colonies to Dutch rule with the
1151:
were not allowed to become planters or have a government function. In 1738, two missionaries of the
3937:
3528:
3486:
3426:
2900:
2637:
2408:
1040:
757:
696:
381:
106:
3650:
2600:
1140:
792:
202:
1093:
which governed the neighbouring colony, to raise more capital for the colony. The Society was a
4114:
3471:
3404:
3205:
2964:
2929:
1565:
1346:
1338:
1240:
1195:
1189:
1044:
960:
832:
777:
284:
88:
1279:
of soldiers who complained about the rations. They occupied Fort Sint Andries, and raised the
3860:
3645:
3501:
3399:
3364:
3299:
2623:
1220:
804:
447:
163:
2216:
2159:
2062:
4129:
4124:
3665:
3588:
3409:
3359:
3248:
2974:
2822:
2672:
1648:
1598:
1352:
1113:
800:
178:
158:
2898:
2635:
8:
4024:
3903:
3635:
3518:
3513:
3369:
3054:
3030:
3000:
1653:
1177:
1090:
796:
674:
246:
206:
2516:
1355:, a Dutch creole language based on the lexicon and grammar of the West African language
3952:
3917:
3851:
3660:
3625:
3308:
3024:
2944:
2336:
1901:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1236:
1098:
1086:
910:
788:
765:
669:
499:
408:
328:
222:
65:
2265:
760:
and between 1792 and 1815 a colony of the Dutch state. After having been ceded to the
210:
4017:
3481:
3184:
3010:
2954:
2712:
2682:
2556:
2533:
2468:
1740:
1681:
1334:
1268:
1212:
1194:
The relatively sound economic situation of the colony was dealt a severe blow when a
1032:
930:
869:
808:
664:
526:
316:
242:
226:
115:
2337:"ADMIN REGIONS DETAILED β GUYANA LANDS AND SURVEYS COMMISSION'S FACT PAGE ON GUYANA"
776:
of British Guiana in 1838 till 1958. In 1966, British Guiana gained independence as
4220:
4049:
3615:
3221:
3168:
3126:
2995:
2697:
2503:
2449:
1782:, p. 392:Both brothers shared a quarter and therefore could only cast one vote
1272:
722:
473:
258:
250:
238:
214:
182:
3476:
2856:
2566:
2527:
2094:
1342:
1173:
1152:
1144:
1070:
552:
254:
218:
186:
1745:
Inventaris van het archief van de SociΓ«teit van Berbice, (1681) 1720β1795 (1800)
1226:
2949:
2807:
1885:
Ons Suriname de Zending der Evangelische Broedergemeente in Nederlandsch Guyana
1356:
1315:
1199:
1121:
1094:
950:
891:
769:
659:
603:
544:
503:
460:
234:
230:
198:
174:
144:
2454:
4209:
4191:
4178:
3136:
3131:
2787:
2764:
2759:
2743:
2707:
2702:
2687:
2437:
1673:
1256:
1207:
able to finally suppress the uprising, and restore the colony to Dutch rule.
1165:
1102:
1048:
994:
896:
749:
548:
70:
3828:
Senior British representatives in the neighbouring Malayan protected states
2132:"Reinhart: Nederlandse literatuur en slavernij ten tijde van de Verlichting"
1883:
1066:
of the Dutch West India Company, in the possession of the Van Peere family.
3121:
2924:
2738:
2733:
2717:
2692:
2507:
1643:
1311:
268:
3100:
3301:
Governors, civil commissioners and administrators of British dependencies
3078:
2959:
2817:
2792:
1216:
1106:
1052:
2592:
1555:
Abraham Jacob van Imbijze van Batenburg (second term) (June 1804 β 1805)
3997:
2866:
2832:
1280:
1036:
78:
3052:
2088:
From a Glorious past to a Promising Future: A History of New Amsterdam
1231:
On 27 February 1781, British forces occupied Berbice and neighbouring
1047:. The colony was a family affair who owned all the plantations on the
3073:
2846:
2812:
1136:
2587:
1976:
1132:
remained a frequent problem in the colony resulting in many deaths.
1051:, though they did allow a couple of sugar planters to settle on the
791:
in the second half of the colonial period, akin to the neighbouring
3244:
2939:
2323:
1295:
1264:
1232:
1129:
1069:
In November 1712, Berbice was briefly occupied by the French under
940:
653:
272:
125:
3825:
Senior British representatives in the constituent protected states
2087:
819:
2841:
2802:
647:
280:
3900:
Senior British representatives in neighbouring protected states
3432:
Governor of Tristan da Cunha (Administrator of Tristan da Cunha)
3152:
2990:
2969:
2871:
2851:
2769:
2326:
at Statoids.com. Updated 20 June 2011. Retrieved 20 March 2013.
1319:
1276:
1157:
773:
753:
628:
737:
3422:
Commissioner for South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
1227:
Capture by Britain and subsequent merging into British Guiana
1168:
or the Arawak and captured from the interior of the country.
276:
3492:
Governor-General of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland
728:
2388:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2194:
2184:
2182:
2180:
1920:
1812:
1785:
1148:
1063:
1829:
1827:
1223:, and is still known by that name in contemporary Guyana.
2099:
1117:
2484:
Beschryving van Guiana, of de wilde kust in Zuid-America
2375:
2177:
2031:
1263:
decided to remain governor. Many plantation owners from
2246:
2234:
2043:
1956:
1944:
1932:
1863:
1851:
1839:
1824:
1203:
neighbouring colonies and the Netherlands was governor
1773:
1717:
3247:
in 1975, Curaçao and Dependencies was renamed to the
2467:, Honolulu, Hawaii: University Press of the Pacific,
2019:
1215:, situated more downstream, at the confluence of the
740:
1663:
734:
725:
121:
British occupation (1781β1782; 1796β1802; 1803β1815)
3776:
Governor of Rhode-island and Providence Plantations
3380:
Commissioner for the British Indian Ocean Territory
1545:
Abraham Jacob van Imbijze van Batenburg (1796β1802)
1085:In 1720, the five owners of the colony founded the
731:
3365:Governor of Ascension (Administrator of Ascension)
756:, which was between 1627 and 1792 a colony of the
3706:Governor of Saint Christopher, Nevis and Anguilla
2006:Slavenhandel MCC (Provincial Archives of Zeeland)
1539:
1333:Historical Berbice was split in 1958 to make new
4207:
4083:
3948:High Commissioners for Palestine and Transjordan
3821:High Commissioner for the Federated Malay States
3375:Commissioner for the British Antarctic Territory
1120:was added. The village was named New Amsterdam (
680:Sovereign Principality of the United Netherlands
1031:Berbice was settled in 1627 by the businessman
3716:Governor-General of the West Indies Federation
2555:. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
2465:The Dutch Republic and The American Revolution
2160:"BERBICE AT THE END OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY"
1881:
1802:
1800:
1571:Brigadier-General Robert Nicholson (1807β1808)
4236:States and territories disestablished in 1831
3285:
2608:
1012:
4142:Lieutenant Governor of the Swan River Colony
2211:
2209:
2129:
1994:
1337:and the name is preserved in the regions of
3832:General Adviser to the Government of Johore
3544:Governors of British South African colonies
2588:Map of the Colonies of Suriname and Berbice
2319:
2317:
2315:
1797:
1693:
1520:(first term, acting until 1794) (1789β1796)
1112:In 1733, 25 to 30 houses were built around
762:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
702:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
4231:States and territories established in 1627
3292:
3278:
3066:
2615:
2601:
2525:
2438:"De Nederlandsche Kolonie Berbice in 1771"
2188:
2154:
2152:
1705:
1019:
1005:
811:, was made the new capital of the colony.
87:
4075:High Commissioner for the Western Pacific
3711:Governor-in-Chief of the Windward Islands
3626:Lieutenant-Governor of Demerara-Essequibo
3251:, which was eventually dissolved in 2010.
2622:
2480:
2453:
2403:
2401:
2392:
2206:
2037:
1767:
1755:
1736:
1734:
1732:
1699:
1530:(acting) (27 March 1802 β September 1803)
1116:to house the craftsmen. The next year an
4100:Government Resident of Central Australia
3870:Heads of the provinces of British India
3437:Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands
2521:(in Dutch). The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.
2514:
2435:
2312:
2252:
2240:
2200:
2049:
1974:
1962:
1950:
1938:
1926:
1869:
1857:
1845:
1833:
1818:
1806:
1791:
1779:
1723:
1711:
846:
838:
826:
818:
780:and in 1970 it became a republic as the
4226:1627 establishments in the Dutch Empire
4003:High Commissioner of the Ionian Islands
3963:Governor of the Crown Colony of Sarawak
2149:
1518:Abraham Jacob van Imbijze van Batenburg
1421:
1372:
764:in the latter year, it was merged with
358:Abraham Jacob van Imbijze van Batenburg
16:1627β1815 Dutch colony in South America
4208:
4110:Government Resident of North Australia
3477:Lieutenant Governor of Griqualand West
3324:Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man
2398:
1968:
1729:
803:until 1790. In that year, the town of
3866:Viceroy and Governor-General of India
3842:Adviser to the Government of Kelantan
3539:High Commissioner for Southern Africa
3415:Administrator of the Pitcairn Islands
3273:
3099:
3051:
2897:
2634:
2596:
2546:
2462:
2217:"37. The Beginning of British Guiana"
2117:
2105:
1627:Major-General John Murray (1815β1824)
1591:Major-General Samuel Dalrymple (1810)
1080:
4060:Governor-General of Papua New Guinea
3973:Representative in the Trucial States
3958:Representative in the Raj of Sarawak
2532:. London: Simpkin, Marshall and Co.
2491:
2361:Digital Library for Dutch Literature
2136:Digital Library for Dutch Literature
2025:
1484:(first term) (1778β27 February 1781)
1180:could not prevent supply shortages.
3847:Adviser to the Government of Perlis
3239:of the Kingdom of the Netherlands;
1302:had been merged into the colony of
1058:A dispute arose between the Second
13:
3337:
2899:Colonies and trading posts of the
2636:Colonies and trading posts of the
2553:The Negro Family in British Guiana
2549:"History: British Rule Up To 1928"
2526:Schomburgk, Sir Robert H. (1840).
1977:"The causes of the 1763 rebellion"
1624:Henry William Bentinck (1815β1820)
1618:Henry William Bentinck (1814β1815)
1594:Henry William Bentinck (1810β1812)
1588:Henry William Bentinck (1809β1810)
1494:Louis Antoine Dazemard de Lusignan
1219:. The new village was again named
14:
4247:
3998:Lieutenant Governor of Heligoland
3923:Representative in Muscat and Oman
2581:
2515:Netscher, Pieter Marinus (1888).
1637:
1362:
1310:on 21 July 1831, forming the new
1183:
685:United Kingdom of the Netherlands
435:Capture of Demerara and Essequibo
118:occupation (1712β1714; 1782β1783)
4157:
4156:
3696:Governor of Prince Edward Island
3534:Governor-General of South Africa
3395:Governor of the Falkland Islands
1666:
1464:Stephen Hendrik de la Sabloniere
988:
879:
799:. The capital of Berbice was at
721:
608:
583:
69:
64:
4065:Governor of the Solomon Islands
4055:Governor-General of New Zealand
3656:Governor of Trinidad and Tobago
3641:Governor of the Leeward Islands
3319:Lieutenant Governor of Guernsey
2960:Sint Eustatius and Dependencies
2349:
2329:
2283:
2258:
2123:
2111:
2080:
2063:"The Collapse of the Rebellion"
2055:
1875:
1506:Georges Manganon de la Perrière
1500:Armand Guy Simon de CoΓ«tnempren
1335:Guyanese administrative regions
1135:The religion in the colony was
1105:, and 20 plantations along the
782:Co-operative Republic of Guyana
77:Flag (1627β1792)
3837:Adviser to the Sultan of Kedah
3661:Lieutenant governors of Tobago
3601:Lieutenant-Governor of Berbice
3594:Lieutenant Governor of Grenada
3549:Governor of British Somaliland
3390:Governor of the Cayman Islands
3385:Governor of the Virgin Islands
2487:, Amsterdam: Gerrit Tielenburg
1761:
1749:
1540:Lieutenant Governor of Berbice
1534:
1039:, under the suzerainty of the
690:
665:Batavian Republic/Commonwealth
639:
422:Raid on Essequibo and Demerara
195:Nickerian-Berbician Hindustani
1:
4135:Governor of Western Australia
4095:Governor-General of Australia
4008:Governor of the Isle of Wight
3933:Governor of the Malayan Union
3746:Governor of Massachusetts-Bay
3701:Lieutenant Governor of Quebec
3507:Governor of Southern Rhodesia
3497:Governor of Northern Rhodesia
3462:Governor of British Cameroons
3457:Governor of British Mauritius
3329:Lieutenant Governor of Jersey
2429:
1075:War of the Spanish Succession
401:November 1712β24 October 1714
396:War of the Spanish Succession
289:Traditional African religions
4030:Governor of Northern Ireland
3928:High Commissioner for Malaya
3681:Governor of British Columbia
3611:Governor of British Honduras
1452:Wolfert Simon van Hoogenheim
1367:
1205:Wolfert Simon van Hoogenheim
795:, which was governed by the
591:Indigenous peoples in Guyana
7:
4120:Governor of South Australia
4105:Governor of New South Wales
4013:Civil Commissioner of Malta
1659:
1470:Johan Christoffel de Winter
843:Map of Berbice around 1740.
823:Map of Berbice around 1720.
525:β’ Merged into the new
498:β’ Berbice merges with
10:
4252:
3943:Resident Minister in Nepal
3913:High Commissioner for Iraq
3781:Governor of South-Carolina
3766:Governor of North-Carolina
3676:Governor General of Canada
3606:Governor of British Guiana
3524:Governor of the Seychelles
3103:Kingdom of the Netherlands
2495:American Historical Review
2002:"Berbice Uprising in 1763"
1621:Colonel Edward Codd (1815)
1502:, Count of Kersaint (1782)
1289:Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814
1259:could remain in function.
1187:
814:
557:British West Indies dollar
487:Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814
4154:
4038:
3981:
3794:
3751:Governor of New Hampshire
3686:Governor of New Brunswick
3572:
3445:
3348:
3335:
3307:
3230:
3214:
3193:
3177:
3161:
3145:
3114:
3110:
3095:
3062:
3047:
3019:
2983:
2912:
2908:
2893:
2831:
2778:
2752:
2726:
2665:
2649:
2645:
2630:
2455:10.1163/22134360-90001004
2442:Nieuwe West-Indische Gids
1514:(second term) (1784β1789)
1490:(27 February 1781 β 1782)
1446:Hendrik Jan van Rijswijck
1328:
1294:In 1812, the colonies of
634:
624:
562:
540:
536:
523:
515:β’ County of Berbice
513:
496:
483:
470:
457:
444:
431:
418:
405:
392:
378:
374:
366:
362:
352:
342:
338:
334:
322:
310:
306:
298:
264:
170:
154:
98:
86:
61:
54:
21:
4216:Regions of South America
3938:Governor of North Borneo
3771:Governor of Pennsylvania
3671:Governor of Newfoundland
3529:Governor of Sierra Leone
3487:Governor of Lagos Colony
3427:Governor of Saint Helena
3201:Curaçao and Dependencies
2935:Curaçao and Dependencies
2913:Colonies in the Americas
2901:Dutch West India Company
2638:Dutch East India Company
2481:Hartsinck, J.J. (1770),
2436:Beyerman, J. J. (1934).
2409:"Berbice Administrators"
2357:"Onze Taal. Jaargang 79"
1687:
1245:recaptured by the French
1198:under the leadership of
1196:slave uprising broke out
1099:Amsterdam Stock Exchange
1060:Dutch West India Company
1041:Dutch West India Company
758:Dutch West India Company
748:) is a region along the
382:Dutch West India Company
380:β’ Established as a
112:Dutch colony (1792β1815)
107:Dutch West India Company
3721:Governor of Connecticut
3691:Governor of Nova-Scotia
3651:Governor of St. Vincent
3584:Governor of the Bahamas
2984:Trading posts in Africa
2718:Northeast coast of Java
2547:Smith, Raymond (1956).
1882:H.G. Steinberg (1933).
1275:. In 1803, there was a
1271:under the terms of the
1249:Treaty of Paris of 1783
651:Dutch colony but was a
285:Afro-American religions
4115:Governor of Queensland
3756:Governor of New-Jersey
3554:Governor of Tanganyika
3472:Governor of Gold Coast
3467:Governor of the Gambia
3405:Governor of Montserrat
3342:
2300:(in Dutch). p. 11
1888:(in Dutch). p. 71
1741:Dutch National Archive
1566:Henry William Bentinck
1512:Peter Hendrik Koppiers
1482:Peter Hendrik Koppiers
1347:Upper Demerara-Berbice
1339:East Berbice-Corentyne
1241:Fourth Anglo-Dutch War
1190:Berbice Slave Uprising
1045:Second Anglo-Dutch War
852:
844:
836:
824:
768:to form the colony of
3968:Governor of Singapore
3861:Governor of Hong Kong
3646:Governor of St. Lucia
3502:Governor of Nyasaland
3400:Governor of Gibraltar
3341:
3237:constituent countries
2770:West coast of Sumatra
2624:Dutch colonial empire
2291:"Dutch Series Guyana"
2130:A.N. Paasman (1984).
1261:Abraham van Batenburg
971:Co-operative Republic
850:
842:
830:
822:
772:in 1831. It became a
553:British Guiana dollar
459:β’ Colony of the
203:South Asian languages
171:Common languages
4130:Governor of Victoria
4125:Governor of Tasmania
3786:Governor of Virginia
3761:Governor of New-York
3741:Governor of Maryland
3726:Governor of Delaware
3666:Governor of Trinidad
3621:Governor of Dominica
3589:Governor of Barbados
3564:Resident in Zanzibar
3410:Governor of Pitcairn
3360:Governor of Anguilla
3249:Netherlands Antilles
2508:10.1093/ahr/121.1.39
1649:Father of the Nation
1599:Hugh Lyle Carmichael
1422:Governors of Berbice
1373:Commander of Berbice
1353:Berbice Creole Dutch
807:, which grew around
645:After 1803 it was a
414:24 October 1720β1821
293:Indigenous religions
179:Berbice Creole Dutch
93:Berbice around 1780.
4188: /
4025:Governor of Minorca
3904:Resident of Gwalior
3736:Governor of Georgia
3731:Governor of Florida
3636:Governor of Jamaica
3631:Governor of Grenada
3519:Governor of Senegal
3514:Governor of Nigeria
3370:Governor of Bermuda
3055:Noordsche Compagnie
3053:Settlements of the
3031:Society of Suriname
2877:Vietnam (1637β1643)
2650:Governorate General
2463:Edler, F. (2001) ,
2203:, pp. 283β284.
1929:, pp. 185β186.
1821:, pp. 174β175.
1794:, pp. 313β314.
1654:President of Guyana
1633:(1821β21 July 1831)
1581:Lieutenant-Colonel
1548:Lieutenant-Colonel
1440:Jan Frederik Colier
1434:Jan Andries Lossner
1091:Society of Suriname
797:Society of Suriname
675:First French Empire
427:24β27 February 1781
191:Guyanese Hindustani
4192:6.2337Β°N 57.5430Β°W
3993:Governor of Cyprus
3953:Governor of Penang
3918:Governor of Labuan
3889:Governor of Madras
3884:Governor of Bombay
3879:Governor of Bengal
3852:Adviser, Trengganu
3816:Governor of Ceylon
3559:Governor of Uganda
3343:
3025:Society of Berbice
2093:2011-03-10 at the
1770:, pp. 299β304
1758:, pp. 294β298
1558:Brigadier-General
1428:Bernhardt Waterman
1409:Steven de Waterman
1379:Matthijs Bergenaar
1308:Demerara-Essequibo
1304:Demerara-Essequibo
1087:Society of Berbice
1081:Society of Berbice
853:
845:
837:
825:
793:colony of Suriname
789:Society of Berbice
766:Demerara-Essequibo
670:Kingdom of Holland
500:Demerara-Essequibo
409:Society of Berbice
329:Society of Berbice
37:County of Berbice
30:Colony of Berbice
4171:
4170:
4150:
4149:
4018:Governor of Malta
3894:Governor of Sindh
3811:Governor of Burma
3482:Governor of Kenya
3267:
3266:
3263:
3262:
3259:
3258:
3245:full independence
3185:Dutch East Indies
3091:
3090:
3087:
3086:
3043:
3042:
3039:
3038:
2889:
2888:
2885:
2884:
2324:Regions of Guyana
2028:, pp. 39β69.
1682:History of Guyana
1560:James Montgomerie
1269:Batavian Republic
1213:Fort Sint Andries
1073:, as part of the
1033:Abraham van Peere
1029:
1028:
995:Guyana portal
982:
981:
809:Fort Sint Andries
714:
713:
620:
619:
616:
615:
596:
595:
354:β’ 1789β1802
348:Abraham van Peere
324:β’ 1714β1815
312:β’ 1627β1712
299:Governing company
207:African languages
164:Fort Sint Andries
4243:
4203:
4202:
4200:
4199:
4198:
4197:6.2337; -57.5430
4193:
4189:
4186:
4185:
4184:
4181:
4160:
4159:
4081:
4080:
4050:Governor of Fiji
3874:Governor of Aden
3806:Governor of Aden
3616:Governor of Cuba
3294:
3287:
3280:
3271:
3270:
3252:
3112:
3111:
3101:Colonies of the
3097:
3096:
3064:
3063:
3049:
3048:
3029:Governed by the
3023:Governed by the
2910:
2909:
2895:
2894:
2647:
2646:
2632:
2631:
2617:
2610:
2603:
2594:
2593:
2577:
2575:
2574:
2565:. Archived from
2543:
2522:
2511:
2488:
2477:
2459:
2457:
2424:
2423:
2421:
2419:
2405:
2396:
2390:
2373:
2372:
2370:
2368:
2363:(in Dutch). 2010
2353:
2347:
2346:
2344:
2343:
2333:
2327:
2321:
2310:
2309:
2307:
2305:
2298:National Archive
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2256:
2250:
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2017:
2016:
2014:
2012:
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1992:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1972:
1966:
1960:
1954:
1948:
1942:
1936:
1930:
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1911:
1907:
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1747:
1738:
1727:
1721:
1715:
1709:
1703:
1697:
1676:
1671:
1670:
1669:
1576:Samuel Dalrymple
1550:Robert Nicholson
1458:Johan Heijlinger
1403:Matthijs de Feer
1385:Cornelis Marinus
1273:Treaty of Amiens
1178:Seven Years' War
1021:
1014:
1007:
993:
992:
991:
978:
907:
906:
883:
873:
855:
854:
851:Berbice in 1802.
747:
746:
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739:
736:
733:
730:
727:
705:
694:
688:
643:
612:
611:
600:
599:
587:
586:
580:
579:
564:
563:
492:20 November 1815
474:Treaty of Amiens
317:Van Peere family
91:
73:
68:
42:
41:
35:
34:
28:
27:
23:Kolonie Berbice
19:
18:
4251:
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2189:Schomburgk 1840
2187:
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2095:Wayback Machine
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1537:
1524:J. C. W. Herlin
1488:Robert Kingston
1424:
1415:Anthony Tierens
1375:
1370:
1365:
1343:Mahaica-Berbice
1331:
1239:as part of the
1229:
1192:
1186:
1153:Moravian Church
1126:Nieuw Amsterdam
1083:
1071:Jacques Cassard
1025:
989:
987:
976:
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817:
724:
720:
710:
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657:British colony.
644:
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584:
529:
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476:
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450:
440:22 January 1782
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187:Guyanese Creole
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3013:
3008:
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2980:
2978:
2977:
2975:Virgin Islands
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2950:New Netherland
2947:
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2927:
2922:
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2590:
2583:
2582:External links
2580:
2579:
2578:
2561:
2544:
2539:978-0714619491
2538:
2523:
2512:
2489:
2478:
2473:
2460:
2448:(1): 313β317.
2431:
2428:
2426:
2425:
2413:British Empire
2397:
2395:, p. 520.
2393:Hartsinck 1770
2374:
2348:
2328:
2311:
2282:
2270:British Empire
2257:
2255:, p. 286.
2245:
2243:, p. 284.
2233:
2205:
2193:
2176:
2148:
2122:
2110:
2098:
2079:
2054:
2052:, p. 256.
2042:
2040:, p. 538.
2038:Hartsinck 1770
2030:
2018:
1993:
1975:Husani Dixon.
1967:
1965:, p. 151.
1955:
1953:, p. 174.
1943:
1941:, p. 187.
1931:
1919:
1910:|website=
1874:
1872:, p. 184.
1862:
1860:, p. 188.
1850:
1848:, p. 189.
1838:
1836:, p. 177.
1823:
1811:
1796:
1784:
1772:
1768:Hartsinck 1770
1760:
1756:Hartsinck 1770
1748:
1728:
1726:, p. 155.
1716:
1704:
1700:Hartsinck 1770
1691:
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1639:
1638:Notable people
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1628:
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1622:
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1616:
1611:Major-General
1609:
1602:
1597:Major-General
1595:
1592:
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1574:Major-General
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1363:Administration
1361:
1330:
1327:
1316:British Guiana
1228:
1225:
1188:Main article:
1185:
1184:Slave Uprising
1182:
1176:as during the
1097:listed on the
1095:public company
1089:, akin to the
1082:
1079:
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1016:
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984:
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951:British Guiana
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892:Arawak peoples
888:
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813:
770:British Guiana
712:
711:
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689:
660:Dutch Republic
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618:
617:
614:
613:
606:
604:British Guiana
597:
594:
593:
588:
576:
575:
570:
560:
559:
545:Spanish dollar
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511:
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504:British Guiana
497:
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471:
468:
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466:1 January 1792
464:
461:Dutch Republic
458:
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448:Peace of Paris
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145:British Guiana
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136:Colony of the
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129:colony of the
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105:Colony of the
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3028:
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3021:
3018:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
3001:Loango-Angola
2999:
2997:
2994:
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2989:
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2976:
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2704:
2701:
2699:
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2679:
2678:Banda Islands
2676:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2664:
2658:
2655:
2654:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2639:
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2625:
2618:
2613:
2611:
2606:
2604:
2599:
2598:
2595:
2589:
2586:
2585:
2569:on 2015-01-08
2568:
2564:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2545:
2541:
2535:
2531:
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2524:
2520:
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2513:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2496:
2490:
2486:
2485:
2479:
2476:
2474:0-89875-269-8
2470:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2447:
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2434:
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2414:
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2325:
2320:
2318:
2316:
2299:
2292:
2286:
2271:
2267:
2261:
2254:
2253:Netscher 1888
2249:
2242:
2241:Netscher 1888
2237:
2222:
2218:
2212:
2210:
2202:
2201:Netscher 1888
2197:
2191:, p. 86.
2190:
2185:
2183:
2181:
2165:
2161:
2155:
2153:
2137:
2133:
2126:
2120:, p. 185
2119:
2114:
2107:
2102:
2096:
2092:
2089:
2086:Cofona.org β
2083:
2068:
2064:
2058:
2051:
2050:Netscher 1888
2046:
2039:
2034:
2027:
2022:
2007:
2003:
1997:
1982:
1978:
1971:
1964:
1963:Netscher 1888
1959:
1952:
1951:Netscher 1888
1947:
1940:
1939:Netscher 1888
1935:
1928:
1927:Netscher 1888
1923:
1915:
1903:
1887:
1886:
1878:
1871:
1870:Netscher 1888
1866:
1859:
1858:Netscher 1888
1854:
1847:
1846:Netscher 1888
1842:
1835:
1834:Netscher 1888
1830:
1828:
1820:
1819:Netscher 1888
1815:
1809:, p. 314
1808:
1807:Beyerman 1934
1803:
1801:
1793:
1792:Beyerman 1934
1788:
1781:
1780:Netscher 1888
1776:
1769:
1764:
1757:
1752:
1746:
1742:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1725:
1724:Netscher 1888
1720:
1714:, p. 313
1713:
1712:Beyerman 1934
1708:
1702:, p. 293
1701:
1696:
1692:
1683:
1680:
1679:
1675:
1674:Guyana portal
1664:
1655:
1651:
1650:
1646:(1918β1997),
1645:
1642:
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1632:
1629:
1626:
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1401:
1398:
1397:Lucas Coudrie
1395:
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1391:Gideon Bourse
1389:
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1258:
1257:British crown
1252:
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1234:
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1222:
1221:New Amsterdam
1218:
1214:
1208:
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1197:
1191:
1181:
1179:
1175:
1169:
1167:
1161:
1159:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1139:. In 1735, a
1138:
1133:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1110:
1108:
1104:
1103:Berbice River
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1078:
1076:
1072:
1067:
1065:
1061:
1056:
1054:
1050:
1049:Berbice River
1046:
1042:
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1034:
1022:
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1000:
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886:
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874:
868:
867:
862:
857:
856:
849:
841:
834:
829:
821:
812:
810:
806:
805:New Amsterdam
802:
798:
794:
790:
785:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
750:Berbice River
745:
718:
703:
698:
697:Great Britain
693:
686:
681:
676:
671:
666:
661:
656:
655:
650:
649:
642:
638:
633:
630:
627:
625:Today part of
623:
607:
605:
602:
601:
598:
592:
589:
582:
581:
578:
577:
574:
571:
569:
566:
565:
561:
558:
554:
550:
549:Dutch guilder
546:
543:
539:
535:
531:
528:
522:
518:
512:
508:
505:
501:
495:
491:
488:
482:
479:27 March 1802
478:
475:
469:
465:
462:
456:
452:
449:
443:
439:
436:
430:
426:
423:
417:
413:
410:
404:
400:
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391:
387:
383:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
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337:
333:
330:
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321:
318:
315:
309:
305:
301:
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294:
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286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
267:
263:
260:
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216:
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208:
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200:
196:
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176:
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165:
160:
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153:
146:
142:
139:
135:
132:
128:
127:
123:
120:
117:
114:
111:
108:
104:
103:
101:
97:
90:
85:
80:
72:
67:
60:
53:
48:
20:
4173:
4162:
4084:
4039:
3982:
3795:
3600:
3573:
3446:
3311:Dependencies
2919:
2753:Commandments
2727:Directorates
2666:Governorates
2571:. Retrieved
2567:the original
2552:
2528:
2517:
2502:(1): 39β69.
2499:
2493:
2483:
2464:
2445:
2444:(in Dutch).
2441:
2416:. Retrieved
2412:
2365:. Retrieved
2360:
2351:
2340:. Retrieved
2331:
2302:. Retrieved
2297:
2285:
2273:. Retrieved
2269:
2260:
2248:
2236:
2224:. Retrieved
2220:
2196:
2167:. Retrieved
2163:
2139:. Retrieved
2135:
2125:
2113:
2101:
2082:
2070:. Retrieved
2066:
2057:
2045:
2033:
2021:
2009:. Retrieved
2005:
1996:
1984:. Retrieved
1981:Academia.edu
1980:
1970:
1958:
1946:
1934:
1922:
1890:. Retrieved
1884:
1877:
1865:
1853:
1841:
1814:
1787:
1775:
1763:
1751:
1719:
1707:
1695:
1647:
1644:Cheddi Jagan
1476:Isaac Kaecks
1351:
1332:
1324:
1312:crown colony
1293:
1285:
1253:
1230:
1209:
1193:
1170:
1162:
1134:
1125:
1111:
1084:
1068:
1057:
1030:
961:Independence
920:
897:Carib people
835:around 1767.
831:Berbice and
786:
716:
715:
692:
652:
646:
641:
573:Succeeded by
572:
567:
509:21 July 1831
344:β’ 1627
269:Christianity
124:
46:
4195: /
4087:(Australia)
3352:territories
3105:(1815β1975)
3079:Smeerenburg
3067:Settlements
3057:(1614β1642)
3011:Slave Coast
2903:(1621β1792)
2835:settlements
2793:Banjarmasin
2780:Residencies
2683:Cape Colony
2640:(1602β1798)
2108:, Chap. II.
1652:and former
1631:Henry Beard
1615:(1813β1815)
1613:John Murray
1606:Edward Codd
1601:(1812β1813)
1585:(1808β1809)
1583:Andrew Ross
1578:(1808β1809)
1568:(1806β1807)
1562:(1805β1806)
1552:(1803β1804)
1535:British era
1508:(1783β1784)
1478:(1774β1777)
1472:(1773β1774)
1466:(1768β1773)
1460:(1765β1767)
1454:(1760β1764)
1448:(1755β1759)
1442:(1749β1755)
1436:(1740β1749)
1430:(1733β1740)
1417:(1714β1733)
1411:(1712β1714)
1405:(1687β1712)
1399:(1684β1687)
1393:(1683β1684)
1387:(1671β1683)
1381:(1666β1671)
1217:Canje River
1114:Fort Nassau
1107:Canje River
1053:Canje River
870:History of
801:Fort Nassau
704:(1800β1815)
699:(1781β1800)
682:(1813β1815)
677:(1810β1813)
672:(1806β1810)
667:(1795β1806)
662:(1792β1795)
568:Preceded by
166:(1785β1815)
161:(1627β1785)
159:Fort Nassau
147:(1838β1958)
140:(1815β1831)
133:(1803β1815)
109:(1627β1792)
81:(1803β1831)
40:(1838β1958)
33:(1803β1831)
26:(1627β1803)
4210:Categories
4183:57Β°32β²35β³W
3576:(Americas)
3222:New Guinea
3215:Until 1962
3194:Until 1954
3178:Until 1949
3169:Gold Coast
3162:Until 1872
3146:Until 1853
3127:Coromandel
3115:Until 1825
3006:Senegambia
2996:Gold Coast
2833:Opperhoofd
2698:Coromandel
2573:2020-08-07
2562:0415863295
2430:References
2342:2021-03-16
2221:Guyana.org
2164:Guyana.org
2118:Edler 2001
2106:Smith 1956
2067:Guyane.org
1281:Union Jack
1174:neutrality
1037:Vlissingen
502:to become
247:Portuguese
143:County of
4180:6Β°14β²01β³N
4042:(Oceania)
3074:Jan Mayen
2945:Essequibo
2857:Mauritius
2823:Pontianak
2813:Palembang
2418:10 August
2266:"Berbice"
2169:10 August
2141:10 August
2026:Kars 2016
1912:ignored (
1902:cite book
1892:10 August
1368:Dutch era
1300:Essequibo
1237:Essequibo
1145:Catholics
1137:Calvinism
1130:Epidemics
965:1966β1970
955:1814β1966
945:1745β1815
935:1650β1689
925:1627β1815
915:1616β1815
911:Essequibo
265:Religion
239:Wapishana
57:1838β1958
55:1627β1831
4164:category
3985:(Europe)
3449:(Africa)
3350:Overseas
3241:Suriname
2955:Pomeroon
2940:Demerara
2818:Preanger
2803:Cheribon
2713:Moluccas
2367:7 August
2304:8 August
2275:7 August
2226:7 August
2091:Archived
2072:7 August
2011:7 August
1986:8 August
1660:See also
1604:Colonel
1528:G. Kobus
1296:Demerara
1265:Barbados
1233:Demerara
1141:minister
941:Demerara
931:Pomeroon
861:a series
859:Part of
833:Suriname
654:de facto
541:Currency
273:Hinduism
227:Patamona
223:Arawakan
126:De facto
4221:Berbice
3243:gained
3235:Became
3206:Surinam
3137:Suratte
3132:Malacca
2965:Surinam
2930:Cayenne
2920:Berbice
2842:Myanmar
2798:Batavia
2765:Malabar
2744:Suratte
2708:Malacca
2703:Formosa
2688:Celebes
2657:Batavia
977:present
921:Berbice
815:History
717:Berbice
648:de jure
527:regions
485:β’
472:β’
446:β’
433:β’
420:β’
407:β’
394:β’
384:colony
367:History
281:Judaism
259:Chinese
251:Spanish
243:Arekuna
215:Macushi
211:Akawaio
183:English
155:Capital
47:Berbice
4161:
4085:former
4040:former
3983:former
3798:(Asia)
3796:former
3574:former
3447:former
3153:Dejima
3122:Bengal
2991:Arguin
2970:Tobago
2925:Brazil
2872:Tonkin
2852:Dejima
2847:Canton
2808:Malang
2788:Bantam
2760:Bantam
2739:Persia
2734:Bengal
2693:Ceylon
2559:
2536:
2471:
1608:(1813)
1496:(1782)
1345:, and
1329:Legacy
1320:Guyana
1318:, now
1277:mutiny
1166:Kalina
1158:Arawak
872:Guyana
863:on the
778:Guyana
774:county
754:Guyana
687:(1815)
629:Guyana
370:
302:
255:French
231:Warrau
219:Waiwai
116:French
99:Status
3309:Crown
2867:Timor
2673:Ambon
2294:(PDF)
1688:Notes
1200:Coffy
1122:Dutch
1035:from
975:1970β
277:Islam
235:Carib
199:Tamil
175:Dutch
2862:Siam
2557:ISBN
2534:ISBN
2469:ISBN
2420:2020
2369:2020
2306:2020
2277:2020
2228:2020
2171:2020
2143:2020
2074:2020
2013:2020
1988:2020
1914:help
1894:2020
1526:and
1298:and
1235:and
1149:Jews
1147:and
1064:fief
532:1958
519:1838
453:1783
388:1627
79:Flag
2504:doi
2500:121
2450:doi
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253:,
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237:,
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