214:
The Carib tribes practice an indigenous system of beliefs, one that dates back to the 16th century. It was not until the 19th century that attempts were made to understand the beliefs and practices of this tribe. Much of the Kapóng language refers back to sun worship and sun spirits, which is
237:
The number of speakers in Brazil is about 10,000, and the transmission of language in Brazil is deemed to be of good standing. Speakers in Brazil are found in the
Roraima Indigenous Terra Raposa.
878:
Similes are often used in writing, as many words in this language allow this to occur. Through the use of suffixes, many words can be converted into similes. Examples are as follows:
215:
reflective of the beliefs system of these Carib-speaking tribes. Literature has also found belief in a higher being in the sky among the Carib tribes in Guyana.
996:
1397:
1088:
223:
The Kapóng language is found to be spoken in lowland tropical South
America, particularly in the countries of Guyana, Brazil, and Venezuela.
1233:
1822:
703:
Much of the Kapóng language has emphasis on a higher spirit/god up in the sky, and this is reflected in the vocabulary in this language.
1133:
Edwards, Walter F. (September 1979). "A Comparison of
Selected Linguistic Features in Some Cariban and Arawakan Languages in Guyana".
446:
1102:
1028:
1390:
953:"THE BURNING FOUNTAIN WHENCE IT CAME": (A study of the system of beliefs of the Carib-speaking Akawaio of British Guiana.)
475:
1053:
1226:
833:
However, the word order is flexible and there are cases where the object precedes the subject in sentences. Such as:
2199:
1815:
1383:
976:
967:
548:
227:
1768:
955:. University of the West Indies: Sir Arthur Lewis Institute of Social and Economic Studies. pp. 114–115.
555:
527:
2194:
1364:
1219:
1084:
562:
379:
231:
159:
789:
520:
2155:
2204:
1808:
578:
468:
317:
310:
1919:
875:
ng, as there are no differences in personal pronoun systems and affixes to indicate genders of nouns.
401:
2004:
1889:
1789:
1555:
534:
187:. Though many speakers do not live in villages, there are a number of population centers, notably
349:
342:
326:
1504:
1406:
1359:
1905:
1761:
426:
419:
226:
In Guyana, Kapóng is spoken in forests by the
Mazaruni River Basin. In 2013, a survey by the
1196:
234:. However, no indigenous language was in use by the Guyanese Patamona people in the survey.
230:
identified 20% fluency among
Akawaio, which was the highest fluency rate among all sampled
2135:
2043:
1839:
1580:
1338:
358:
2117:
2054:
1982:
8:
2142:
1999:
1937:
1912:
1847:
1641:
1242:
2111:
2074:
1677:
2065:
1874:
1714:
1669:
1618:
1595:
1479:
1474:
1451:
1420:
1317:
1142:
1078:
988:
282:
277:
2149:
2105:
2085:
1859:
1724:
1464:
151:
2209:
2080:
2010:
1831:
1659:
1575:
1540:
1527:
1489:
1469:
1430:
1297:
1049:
1024:
992:
392:
335:
287:
82:
1201:
2122:
2037:
1966:
1894:
1853:
1631:
1570:
1550:
1512:
1484:
1292:
1282:
1256:
1173:
980:
176:
2128:
1703:
1603:
1517:
2048:
1971:
1899:
1883:
1864:
1773:
1756:
1734:
1708:
1682:
1649:
1560:
1459:
1425:
1343:
1312:
1277:
1116:
542:
413:
292:
74:
55:
966:
Bollers, Elton; Clarke, Dillon; Johnny, Teniesha; Wenner, Mark (February 2019),
2175:
2160:
2031:
1976:
1729:
1719:
1698:
1654:
1626:
1585:
1565:
1535:
1494:
1322:
1307:
1287:
438:
184:
164:
51:
1206:
1178:
1161:
922:
908:
2188:
1944:
502:
1608:
134:
127:
1375:
514:
497:
484:
The allophones of /k s n/ are , as well as the allophones of /z/ being .
1146:
1046:
American Indian
Languages: The Historical Linguistics of Native America
927:
913:
570:
507:
1211:
240:
In
Venezuela, Kapóng is spoken in the states of Bolivar and Monagas.
984:
458:
366:
144:
118:
41:
1800:
188:
1117:
Zauro'nödok
Agawayo Yau: variants of Akawaio spoken at Waramadong
299:
180:
37:
758:(aemvk) is an ending used to make words plural. (i.e.) Adding
1073:. Anthropological Linguistics Vol. 20, No. 2. pp. 77–84.
1071:
Some synchronic and diachronic aspects of
Akawaio phonology
1162:"Symbolism and ritual among the Akawaio of British Guiana"
1135:
Trustees of
Indiana University Anthropological Linguistics
1197:
http://www.language-museum.com/encyclopedia/a/akawaio.php
965:
191:, Jawalla, Waramadong, and Kako. There are two dialects,
1202:http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/668/guide
1166:Nieuwe West-Indische Gids / New West Indian Guide
2186:
16:Cariban language spoken in Guyana and Venezuela
1816:
1391:
1227:
1101:Gildea, Spike and Caesar-Fox, Desrey (2006) “
871:There are no gender distinctions found in Kap
773:is a marker used to mark possession. (i.e.)
1207:http://www.native-languages.org/akawaio.htm
183:, most commonly in the region of the Upper
1823:
1809:
1405:
1398:
1384:
1234:
1220:
1018:
218:
1177:
1087:) CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1048:. Oxford University Press. p. 203.
594:
2064:
1241:
1132:
1068:
1043:
969:Guyana's Indigenous Peoples 2013 Survey
2187:
788:The preferred word order of Kapóng is
248:Kapóng has three dialects, which are:
1830:
1804:
1379:
1215:
801:
243:
1159:
1128:
1126:
950:
946:
944:
942:
940:
202:The Macushi name of the language is
1103:Clause linking in Akawaio (Cariban)
762:to "Kapong" makes "Kapong" plural;
13:
902:
14:
2221:
1190:
1123:
937:
577:
561:
554:
547:
533:
526:
519:
474:
467:
445:
425:
418:
400:
378:
357:
348:
341:
325:
316:
309:
1023:. Walter de Gruyte. p. 38.
1153:
1002:from the original on 2020-02-20
977:Inter-American Development Bank
634:
228:Inter-American Development Bank
1108:
1095:
1062:
1037:
1012:
959:
589:
1:
1021:Language Diversity Endangered
1019:Brenzinger, Matthias (2015).
895:
750:
698:
267:
1365:South Rupununi Sign Language
262:
7:
1069:Edwards, Walter F. (1978).
823:Walawokyamàkuya molok yachi
232:indigenous groups in Guyana
10:
2226:
1114:Caesar-Fox, Desrey (2003)
209:
2169:
2098:
2024:
1992:
1954:
1929:
1873:
1838:
1782:
1747:
1691:
1668:
1640:
1617:
1594:
1526:
1503:
1450:
1441:
1413:
1352:
1331:
1265:
1249:
1179:10.1163/22134360-90002345
867:"He is paddling the boat"
487:
457:
437:
412:
365:
298:
274:
158:
142:
116:
111:
71:
61:
47:
33:
26:
21:
1790:Venezuelan Sign Language
1083:: CS1 maint: location (
951:Butt, Audrey J. (1953).
67:(10,000 cited 1990–2002)
1160:Butt, Audrey J (1961).
933:(subscription required)
919:(subscription required)
219:Geographic Distribution
2200:Languages of Venezuela
1407:Languages of Venezuela
1360:Guyanese Sign Language
1044:Cambell, Lyle (2003).
864:boat {he paddling} is
829:"The boys catch fish"
595:Vowels and diphthongs
138: – Patamona
1339:Caribbean Hindustani
1266:Indigenous languages
861:Kanau ikuurabök mang
131: – Akawaio
2195:Languages of Guyana
1243:Languages of Guyana
790:subject-object-verb
255:Ingarikó (Ingaricó)
826:boys-PL fish catch
244:Dialects/Varieties
2205:Cariban languages
2182:
2181:
2176:extinct languages
2094:
2093:
2020:
2019:
1832:Cariban languages
1798:
1797:
1743:
1742:
1414:Official language
1373:
1372:
1250:Official language
1030:978-3-11-090569-4
931:(18th ed., 2015)
917:(18th ed., 2015)
587:
586:
482:
481:
252:Akawaio (Akawayo)
179:spoken mainly in
170:
169:
2217:
2062:
2061:
1952:
1951:
1930:Venezuelan Carib
1825:
1818:
1811:
1802:
1801:
1448:
1447:
1400:
1393:
1386:
1377:
1376:
1236:
1229:
1222:
1213:
1212:
1184:
1183:
1181:
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1151:
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1130:
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1112:
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1099:
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1001:
985:10.18235/0001591
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948:
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306:
272:
271:
177:Cariban language
154:
137:
130:
121:
87:Venezuelan Carib
77:
19:
18:
2225:
2224:
2220:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2215:
2214:
2185:
2184:
2183:
2178:
2165:
2156:Waimirí Atroarí
2090:
2060:
2016:
2005:Mapoyo-Yawarana
1993:Mapoyo–Tamanaku
1988:
1950:
1925:
1869:
1834:
1829:
1799:
1794:
1778:
1749:
1739:
1687:
1664:
1636:
1613:
1590:
1556:Mapoyo-Yabarana
1522:
1499:
1443:
1437:
1409:
1404:
1374:
1369:
1348:
1344:Guyanese Creole
1332:Other languages
1327:
1261:
1245:
1240:
1193:
1188:
1187:
1158:
1154:
1131:
1124:
1113:
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921:
918:
907:
903:
898:
869:
859:
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843:
831:
821:
813:
805:
797:Walawokyamàkuya
792:, for example:
753:
701:
637:
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592:
490:
391:
371:
334:
304:
270:
265:
246:
221:
212:
150:
133:
132:
126:
125:
117:
107:
78:
75:Language family
73:
64:
63:Native speakers
17:
12:
11:
5:
2223:
2213:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2180:
2179:
2170:
2167:
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2153:
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2139:
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2026:
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2015:
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2007:
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1828:
1827:
1820:
1813:
1805:
1796:
1795:
1793:
1792:
1786:
1784:
1783:Sign languages
1780:
1779:
1777:
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1771:
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1403:
1402:
1395:
1388:
1380:
1371:
1370:
1368:
1367:
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1356:
1354:
1353:Sign languages
1350:
1349:
1347:
1346:
1341:
1335:
1333:
1329:
1328:
1326:
1325:
1320:
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1259:
1253:
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1224:
1216:
1210:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1192:
1191:External links
1189:
1186:
1185:
1152:
1141:(6): 277–297.
1122:
1107:
1094:
1061:
1055:978-3110170504
1054:
1036:
1029:
1011:
979:, p. 67,
958:
936:
900:
899:
897:
894:
893:
892:
891:= 'similar to'
886:
852:
844:
836:
835:
814:
806:
795:
794:
752:
749:
748:
747:
746:= chief spirit
744:Iopotari akuru
741:
735:
729:
723:
717:
711:
700:
697:
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695:
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689:
686:
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112:Language codes
109:
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102:
101:
100:
99:
81:
79:
72:
69:
68:
65:
62:
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49:
45:
44:
35:
34:Native to
31:
30:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2222:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2192:
2190:
2177:
2173:
2168:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2151:
2147:
2145:
2144:
2140:
2138:
2137:
2133:
2131:
2130:
2126:
2124:
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2119:
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2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2039:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2025:Guianan Carib
2023:
2013:
2012:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1991:
1985:
1984:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1957:
1955:Pemóng–Panare
1953:
1947:
1946:
1942:
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1934:
1932:
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1762:Colonia Tovar
1760:
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1198:
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1180:
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1163:
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1148:
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1140:
1136:
1129:
1127:
1119:
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1111:
1104:
1098:
1090:
1086:
1080:
1072:
1065:
1057:
1051:
1047:
1040:
1032:
1026:
1022:
1015:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
971:
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962:
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947:
945:
943:
941:
930:
929:
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916:
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905:
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890:
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868:
865:
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839:
834:
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827:
824:
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812:
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798:
793:
791:
786:
784:
780:
776:
772:
767:
765:
761:
757:
745:
742:
739:
736:
734:= grandfather
733:
730:
727:
724:
722:= God's place
721:
718:
715:
712:
709:
706:
705:
704:
693:
690:
687:
684:
681:
678:
675:
672:
669:
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629:
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623:
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583:
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569:
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541:
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485:
477:
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328:
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166:
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157:
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149:
147:
146:
141:
136:
129:
123:
120:
115:
110:
98:
95:
94:
92:
91:
90:Pemóng–Panare
89:
88:
86:
85:
84:
80:
76:
70:
66:
60:
57:
53:
50:
46:
43:
39:
36:
32:
29:
25:
20:
2171:
2148:
2141:
2134:
2127:
2110:
2099:Unclassified
2073:
2053:
2036:
2009:
1981:
1961:
1943:
1936:
1918:
1911:
1904:
1882:
1852:
1711:(Maku-Auari)
1545:
1505:Arutani-Sape
1302:
1272:
1169:
1165:
1155:
1138:
1134:
1115:
1110:
1097:
1070:
1064:
1045:
1039:
1020:
1014:
1004:, retrieved
968:
961:
952:
926:
912:
904:
888:
882:
877:
872:
870:
866:
863:
860:
856:
853:
848:
845:
840:
837:
832:
828:
825:
822:
818:
815:
810:
807:
799:
796:
787:
782:
778:
774:
770:
768:
764:Kapong yamok
763:
759:
755:
754:
743:
740:= in the sky
737:
731:
725:
719:
716:= the spirit
713:
710:= Sky People
707:
702:
483:
247:
239:
236:
225:
222:
213:
203:
201:
196:
192:
172:
171:
143:
96:
27:
2136:Paravilyana
1172:: 141–161.
849:he paddling
777:= book;
590:Orthography
2189:Categories
2143:Pawishiana
1938:Tiverikoto
1913:Pimenteira
1848:Hixkaryana
1840:Parukotoan
1748:Non-Native
1442:Indigenous
1006:2021-03-03
928:Ethnologue
914:Ethnologue
896:References
751:Morphology
699:Vocabulary
635:Consonants
268:Consonants
2174:indicate
1854:Katxúyana
1750:languages
1715:Nheengatu
1642:Jirajaran
1480:Paraujano
1475:Mandawaca
1444:languages
1431:Maracucho
1318:Wapishana
1079:cite book
993:134838441
846:ikuurabök
732:Taemogoli
728:= warrior
543:Close-mid
459:Semivowel
372:voiceless
367:Fricative
305:voiceless
263:Phonology
145:Glottolog
119:ISO 639-3
48:Ethnicity
42:Venezuela
2210:Patamona
2118:Japréria
2081:Karihona
2066:Taranoan
2055:Wayumara
2044:Ye'kuana
2032:Kari'nja
2011:Tamanaku
1983:Purukotó
1875:Pekodian
1670:Timotean
1660:Jirajara
1619:Guahiban
1596:Chibchan
1581:Ye'kuana
1576:Tamanaku
1541:Japreria
1490:Warekena
1470:Caquetio
1452:Arawakan
1303:Patamona
1298:Mapidian
1147:30027731
997:archived
923:Patamona
885:= 'like'
779:da kaata
283:Alveolar
278:Bilabial
258:Patamona
204:Ingarikó
197:Patamona
189:Kamarang
185:Mazaruni
152:kapo1251
56:Patamona
28:Ingarikó
2172:Italics
2123:Kuikuro
2112:Boanarí
2075:Akuriyo
2038:Palmela
1967:Makushi
1895:Bakairí
1769:Italian
1678:Mucuchí
1632:Guahibo
1571:Sikiana
1551:Macushi
1528:Cariban
1513:Arutani
1485:Piapoco
1426:Llanero
1421:Spanish
1293:Macushi
1283:Atorada
1273:Akawaio
1257:English
909:Akawaio
652:j - ~
503:Central
300:Plosive
288:Palatal
210:History
193:Akawaio
124:Either:
83:Cariban
52:Akawaio
2150:Sapará
2106:Apalaí
2086:Tiriyo
2049:Wayana
2000:Kumaná
1972:Panare
1962:Kapóng
1920:Yarumá
1900:Ikpéng
1884:Apingi
1865:Waiwai
1860:Salumá
1774:Romani
1757:German
1735:Yaruro
1725:Sanumá
1709:Jukude
1683:Timote
1650:Ayoman
1561:Panare
1546:Kapóng
1465:Baniwa
1460:Arawak
1313:Waiwai
1278:Arawak
1145:
1052:
1027:
991:
889:-walai
785:book.
714:akwalo
708:Kapóng
488:Vowels
393:voiced
336:voiced
181:Guyana
173:Kapóng
165:Kapong
97:Kapóng
93:Pemóng
38:Guyana
22:Kapóng
2161:Yukpa
1977:Pemón
1890:Arara
1730:Warao
1720:Ninam
1699:Betoi
1692:Other
1655:Gayon
1627:Cuiba
1586:Yukpa
1566:Pemon
1536:Carib
1495:Wayuu
1323:Warao
1308:Pemon
1288:Carib
1143:JSTOR
1000:(PDF)
989:S2CID
973:(PDF)
883:-kasa
838:Kanau
819:catch
816:yachi
808:molok
800:boys-
775:kaata
760:yamok
756:yamok
726:Waica
679:sh -
667:ng -
643:ch -
630:oi -
627:ei -
624:au -
621:ai -
515:Close
498:Front
414:Nasal
293:Velar
175:is a
2129:Opón
1945:Yaio
1906:Juma
1704:Hodï
1604:Barí
1518:Sapé
1089:link
1085:link
1050:ISBN
1025:ISBN
854:mang
841:boat
811:fish
738:Kapo
720:akwa
694:' -
691:z -
688:y -
685:w -
682:t -
676:s -
673:r -
670:p -
664:ñ -
661:n -
658:m -
655:k -
649:g -
646:d -
640:b -
618:u -
615:ö -
612:o -
609:ï -
606:i -
603:e -
600:a -
571:Open
508:Back
439:Flap
195:and
1609:Uwa
1174:doi
981:doi
925:at
911:at
160:ELP
135:pbc
128:ake
2191::
1170:41
1168:.
1164:.
1139:21
1137:.
1125:^
1081:}}
1077:{{
995:,
987:,
975:,
939:^
857:is
802:PL
783:my
781:=
771:da
766:.
206:.
199:.
54:,
40:,
1824:e
1817:t
1810:v
1399:e
1392:t
1385:v
1235:e
1228:t
1221:v
1182:.
1176::
1149:.
1120:.
1105:”
1091:)
1058:.
1033:.
983::
873:ó
769:-
579:a
563:o
556:ʌ
549:e
535:u
528:ɨ
521:i
476:w
469:j
447:ɾ
427:n
420:m
402:z
380:s
359:g
350:d
343:b
327:k
318:t
311:p
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