Battle of Korsun–Cherkassy

1576:. The pocket was at this point just five kilometers in diameter, with no room to maneuver. Shanderovka, once seen as a viable escape route, became known as "Hell's Gate". The Red Army subjected the area to intense artillery and rocket fire, while the Red Air Force ground attack aircraft bombed and strafed the encircled troops, only infrequently challenged by the Luftwaffe. Various unit diaries described a scene of gloom, with fires caused by Soviet night bombing with incendiaries, destroyed or abandoned vehicles everywhere and wounded men and disorganized units on muddy roads. Konev ordered Cossack cavalry units to perform sabre attacks on the disorganised German units. Ukrainian civilians were caught between the combatants. On 16 February 1944, Manstein, without waiting for a decision by Hitler, sent a radio message to Stemmermann to authorize the breakout: "Password Freedom, objective Lysyanka, 2300 hours." 1510: 1295: 58: 1417: 1740:

total losses, holding that of the 60,000 men originally inside the pocket, the number had shrunk to less than 50,000 by 16 February. 45,000 of these took part in the breakout, resulting in 27,703 German soldiers and 1,063 Russian auxiliaries breaking out unscathed. Total casualties killed, wounded or missing, were claimed at 31,000, yet these numbers do not count losses from the rescuing forces. German official documents listed total escapees as 40,423, including the wounded flown out of the pocket and evacuated from Lysyanka. While there were claims that "roughly two out of three" encircled men succeeding in escaping the pocket, "almost one third of their men dead or wounded."

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escape. Since the main body was away and south of the bridgeheads, the last tanks, trucks and wagons were driven into the water, trees were felled to form makeshift bridges and the troops floundered across, with hundreds of men drowning, being swept downstream with horses and military debris. Many others succumbed to shock or hypothermia. Toward the end phase of the breakout, engineers had built several more bridges and rear guard units of the 57th and 88th Infantry Divisions crossed the river "dry", including 20 horse-drawn wagons with about 600 wounded.

1662: 1826:) was published, and part of the work authored by Karl-Heinz Frieser addressed the events at Korsun. This work also doubts Soviet claims regarding the German casualties while discussing the situation of the German forces in detail, using available data from the German archives. However, while German casualties in this work are taken from German archives, it bases its assessment of Soviet AFV and gun losses (uncritically) on German wartime claims. In 2011 author and historian Jean Lopez published, on Economica Edition ( 6329: 1497:

voluntary and that the soldiers with such leaflets should be handed over to the NKFD. The operation was relatively successful, and out of the 18 200 captured Germans each third produced an NKFD leaflet. Despite the failure to alter the fighting resolution of the German Commander at Cherkassy, this operation raised the profile of the NKFD and BDO among both the Allies and Axis. Von Seydlitz was dismissed from the army and sentenced to death in absentia and Hitler personally authorized

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8th Army's staff that an attack was imminent, they were surprised by the appearance of the 1st Ukrainian Front's newly formed 6th Tank Army. The 6th Tank Army, with 160 tanks and 50 self-propelled guns, was inexperienced and took longer than expected to penetrate the western flank of the salient. A "mobile group" from the 5th Mechanized Corps' 233rd Tank Brigade, under the command of General Savelev, with 50 tanks and 200 sub-machine gun armed infantrymen, occupied

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was intact and still had some artillery support. However, this regiment also had no vehicles and no rations left. All wounded, estimated at about 2,000, (...) were evacuated by air." He also stated: "For lack of vehicles and fuel, III Panzer Corps was unable to reinforce its units in the area of Lisyanka and Oktyabr. had no extra supplies of any kind, and his forward elements were unable to provide rations for the troops emerging from the pocket.

1732:, the Germans were unable to provide Bäke's heavy tank regiment with adequate fuel supplies, leading Bäke to stop his advance on Hill 239 because one group of his tanks had run out of fuel. This logistical failure was compounded by the vagueness of the radio message to General Stemmermann ordering the breakout attempt. Hill 239 remained under Soviet control, resulting in significant casualties among Stemmermann's retreating force. 1736:

encircling rings. The Soviet air force was unable to significantly hinder the German aerial resupply effort. Ultimately, the encircling forces were unable to prevent a German breakout, allowing a significant portion of the trapped Germans to escape. Given the initial circumstances of the battle, the degree of Soviet losses makes it clear that while the Soviets won at Korsun, it was a victory that came at a high price.

1716: 1769:, who commanded the relief attempt of the XLVII Panzer Corps, bitterly noted that "the troops who took part were astonished and unbelieving when they were told they had won a great victory at Cherkassy in the Ukraine in 1944." The German high command was relieved that many troops were able to escape. Adolf Hitler supposedly only complained briefly about the amount of equipment that had to be left behind. 1219: 1580: 3064: 3059: 1658:. Though most of the trapped men escaped, they had to leave nearly all of their heavy equipment behind. These units had to be withdrawn for rest and near complete re-equipping. The escaped wounded were transported from collection points near Uman to rehabilitation areas and hospitals in Poland, and were then sent on leave to their home towns. 1164:) deploying the 1st and 2nd Ukrainian Fronts to form two armored rings of encirclement: an inner ring around the pocket, followed by the destruction of the forces it contained, and an external ring to prevent relief formations from reaching the surrounded units. Despite repeated warnings from Manstein and others, 1090:

breakout. Through the rest of the war the Red Army would place large German forces in jeopardy, while the Germans were stretched thin and constantly attempting to extract themselves from one crisis to the next. Mobile Soviet offensives were the hallmark of the Eastern front for the remainder of the war.

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Hitler's insistence on holding the exposed salient strongly limited the options of German field commanders. Once the Soviets had encircled the German forces, relief efforts produced mixed results. The effectiveness of the German counterattack was limited by Hitler's plan for splitting his strength to

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forced the III Panzer Corps into costly defensive fighting. The 8th Army radioed Stemmermann: "Capacity for action by III Panzer Corps limited by weather and supply situation. Gruppe Stemmermann must perform breakthrough as far as the line Zhurzintsy–Hill 239 by its own effort. There link up with III

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The Luftwaffe delivered 82,948 gallons of fuel, 868 tons of ammunition and four tons of medical supplies to the encircled forces and 325 tons of ammunition, 74,289 gallons of fuel and 24 tons of food to spearheads of the relief formations, as well as evacuating 4,161 wounded while the Korsun airfield

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Both sides hailed the events at Korsun as a victory. Marshal Konev claimed to have inflicted 130,000 German casualties, an assertion that German official history dismissed. Soviet historian Sergey Smirnov described the victory at Korsun as a "Stalingrad on the Dnieper," and the victory was hailed as

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The Soviet performance was also beset by errors. Soviet intelligence on German forces in the pocket was faulty in overestimating their strength. At the same time, the Soviets underestimated German capability for a counterattack and hurriedly moved more forces forward to bolster the strength of their

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The battle around Korsun was a major Soviet victory that enabled later advances the next spring into Romania. An entire German army became trapped, and as the pocket collapsed the forces inside were forced to retreat through gaps in the Soviet forces surrounding them, resulting in significant losses

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General Stemmermann was killed during the breakout when his command car was hit by a Soviet antitank gun. General Lieb survived the war. General Vatutin was shot by Ukrainian Nationalist UPA insurgents on 29 February 1944 and died on 15 April. The commander of 2nd Ukrainian Front, General Konev, was

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By mid-day, the majority of the now intermingled divisions had reached the Gniloy Tikich stream, 15 meter wide and two meters deep due to melting snow. Despite the fact that the 1st Panzer Division had captured a bridge and engineers had erected another, the panicking men saw the river as their only

1618:, had been smashed by the German assault forces; without infantry support Soviet tanks then fired into the German formations from a distance. With no anti-tank weapons in the field, T-34s commenced to wade into support troops, headquarters units, stragglers and Red-Cross identified medical columns. 1443:

Stemmermann began withdrawing troops from the north side of the pocket, reorienting the thrust of the escape direction, and attacking south to move toward the relief forces on the north bank of the Gniloy Tikich. The encircled forces aimed to capture the villages of Novo-Buda, Komarovka, Khilki and

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The Soviet attack started on 24 January when Konev's 2nd Ukrainian Front attacked the salient from the southeast. A breakthrough was quickly achieved, and the penetration was exploited by the 5th Guards Tank Army and the 5th Guards Cavalry Corps the following day. Despite the awareness of the German

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visited the front on 10 February and made a personal appeal to the German commanders. Appeals were also made on the radio. More to it, the members of the NKFD were sent to the battlefield where they spead NKFD leaflets which served as safe conduct passes into captivity showing that the surrender is

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deployed 832 transport aircraft, 478 bombers (from which supplies were dropped at low altitude), 58 fighter bombers, and 168 fighters. Over the course of the operation, 32 transport aircraft, 13 bombers, and five fighters were lost. After the Korsun airfield was abandoned on 12 February, deliveries

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to assemble four tank corps with the goal of cutting off the attacking German spearhead. The weather warmed, turning the roads to a soft mud and bogging down German progress. Here the liabilities of Germany's wheeled vehicles became evident. The Soviet forces had been provided lend-lease U.S. built

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The 72nd and Wiking Divisions were completely intermingled. No longer did they have any tanks, artillery, vehicles or rations. Many soldiers were entirely without weapons, quite a few even without footgear. Neither division could be considered in any way able to fight. One regiment of Task Force B

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General Konev, now aware of the German breakout, resolved to keep his promise to Stalin not to let the German forces escape. Soviet intelligence, however, at this stage vastly overestimated the armored strength of the III Panzer Corps, and Konev therefore proceeded in force. At this time, the 20th

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With extreme reluctance, Stemmermann and Lieb decided to leave 1,450 non-ambulatory wounded at Shanderovka, attended by doctors and orderlies. The troops then began to assemble at dusk into three assault columns, with Division Group 112 to the north, the 5th SS Panzer Division to the south and the

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covered events on the entire Eastern Front from a German and Soviet perspective, and devoted several pages to the fighting in the Korsun Pocket. Erickson did not question Soviet claims regarding German casualties, and Glantz questioned the veracity of German claims regarding the total of escapees

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Soviet sources and testimonials from the front line assert that the total loss in German men was catastrophic, with estimates collected from mass graves and the battlefield accounting for roughly 55,000 dead and 18,000 German prisoners from the encircled formations alone. German sources differ on

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Under the yellow sky of early morning and over ground covered with wet snow Soviet tanks made straight for the thick of the column, ploughing up and down, killing and crushing with their tracks. Almost simultaneously massed Cossack cavalry wheeled away from the tanks to hunt down and massacre men

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was appointed by the 8th Army to lead the breakout. In the seven kilometers that separated Group Stemmermann and the III Panzer Corps, Konev was positioning his forces for an attack slated for 17 February. His three armies – the 4th Guards, 27th, 52nd and 5th Guards Cavalry Corps – surrounded the

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was promised a second Stalingrad, and he expected it. Konev wired: "There is no need to worry, Comrade Stalin. The encircled enemy will not escape." Inside the pocket were nearly 60,000 men from six German divisions, at about 55% of their authorized strength, along with a number of smaller combat

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by 28 January. Here, these troops of the 6th Tank Army met the 2nd Ukrainian Front's 20th Tank Corps. Over the next three days, the two tank armies formed a thinly manned outer ring around what was now the Korsun Pocket while another, inner, ring was formed by the Soviet 27th, 52nd, and 4th Guard

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attempt a counter envelopment. The XLVII Panzer Corps' attacks were ineffective due to the weakness of its divisions. Though the III Panzer Corps was far more effective, the corps wasted a week on a failed attempt to encircle the Soviet forces. When it was finally given the mission of relieving

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on the southeastern flank of the pocket quickly stalled, as it had only 27 tanks and 34 assault guns operational. The III Panzer Corps' attempt continued until 8 February, when it became undeniable that the effort had failed. Manstein ordered the corps to instead drive directly to the relief of

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Though the Soviet operation at Korsun did not result in the collapse in the German front that the Soviet command had hoped for, it marked a significant deterioration in the strength available to the German army on that front, especially in heavy weaponry, nearly all of which was lost during the

1382:, it brought the Soviet attack to a halt, buying the Germans time. Red Army efforts were renewed between 7–10 February. This effort was hobbled by supply shortages. The III Panzer Corps' penetrations toward the Gniloy Tikich River made the supply lines for Soviet formations such as Vatutin's 1204:. Many of these formations had received an inflow of new personnel. Red Army planning further included extensive deception operations that the Soviets claimed were successful; however, the German 8th Army war diary shows clearly that the German staffs were concerned about the threat at hand. 1377:

to attempt to split the pocket on the night of 5–6 February. The strike was to fall on the boundary between the two German corps. As fighting progressed, the Soviet goal became clear to Stemmermann and Lieb. Stemmermann ordered the 5th SS Division's armor to the scene. Together with the

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under a white flag with surrender demands. Red Army emissaries presented letters for both Stemmermann and Lieb signed by Marshal Zhukov and Generals Konev and Vatutin. After cordial talks, refreshments and a handshake, the Soviet delegation departed without a positive answer.

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Soviet sources tally losses of 80,188 casualties for the 1st and 2nd Ukrainian Fronts, with 24,286 killed and missing, and 55,902 wounded. These losses were incurred over the period of 24 January – 17 February 1944 during both the encirclements and the breakout attempts.

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That many escaped back to the German lines at Lysyanka was due in great measure to the exertions of the III Panzer Corps as it drove in relief of Group Stemmermann. The unit was equipped with Tigers and Panthers and an engineer battalion with specialist bridging skills.

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The pocket had "wandered" south and half-way toward the relief force and rested on the village of Shanderovka. The settlement was heavily defended by the Soviets; it was captured by 72nd Infantry troops, retaken by units of the Soviet 27th Army and recaptured by the

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Group Stemmermann consisted of first divisions: the 57th, 72nd, 88th and 389th Divisions, Corps Detachment B (Division Group 112), all infantry formations with no armored components; and the 5th SS Panzer Division with the attached 5th SS Infantry Brigade and the

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At the left flank column, a reconnaissance patrol returned with the news that Hill 239 was occupied by Soviet T-34 tanks of the 5th Guards Tank Army. The high ground had to be bypassed. The direction of the German retreat had to veer off to the south toward the

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contributed the most to continued operations. Since the SS Division Wiking was the only truly mobile force inside the pocket, the division's tracked units were repeatedly shifted from one end of the pocket to the other to shore up crumbling lines.

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biggest battles in the pocket were yet to come" (Nash, p. 110). The Soviets claimed "to have downed more than 329 aircraft" during the aerial supply operation; that number would have been more planes than the Luftwaffe had operational in its

1813:, took issue with Soviet claims that Korsun was another Stalingrad. Similarly, the Swedish historians Niklas Zetterling and Anders Frankson disputed the assertions of the Soviet General Staff Study of the Korsun Operation in their 2008 work, 2046:

Corps Detachment B was organized as an infantry division with six infantry battalions and normal supporting divisional units. The unit had been formed from elements contributed by the 112th, 255th, and 332nd Infantry Divisions. Tessin, pp.

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forces had a war between the Soviet Union and the NATO countries broken out. Like most of the English-language works on the Eastern Front of this era, it was written from the German point of view and without the benefit of wartime records.

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Both sides realized that the Wehrmacht relief efforts had reached a critical stage. Despite heavy Soviet propaganda inducements, very few German soldiers and no Waffen-SS men in the cauldron had surrendered. Zhukov thus decided to send

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gave the Soviet forces much greater mobility than they had had before. This, coupled with the Soviet capacity to hold large formations in reserve gave the Red Army the ability to drive deep behind German defenses again and again.

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General Konev held a conference at his headquarters at Boltushki on 15 January with his commanders and their political commissars to pass on the orders received from Stavka. The initial attack was to be conducted by Konev's own

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River. When daylight arrived, the German breakout plan began to unravel. Very few armored vehicles and other heavy equipment could climb the slippery, thawing hillsides and the weapons had to be destroyed and abandoned.

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The northward thrust toward the pocket by the III Panzer Corps had been halted by Red Army determination, terrain and fuel shortages. After several failed attempts by German armored formations to seize and hold Hill 239

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fleeing for the refuge of the hills: hands held high in surrender the Cossacks sliced off with their sabres. The killing in this human hunt went on for several hours and a new round opened on the banks of the river

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to the Korsun battlefield. Konev ordered all available armor and artillery to attack the escaping units, cut them into isolated groups and then destroy them piecemeal. The two blocking Soviet rifle divisions, the

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area during this entire period and "should be regarded as an example of the degree of exaggeration to which the Soviets were prone. This would not be the last wildly inflated claim they would make" (Nash, p.

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72nd Division in the center, with the reinforced 105th Regiment in the first echelon to provide assault power. Several battalions and regiments reached the German lines at Oktyabr by 0410. The 105th entered

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Nash, p. 267. Editor's note – Soviet tank corps did not have organic heavy (JS-2) tank brigades. Nash may be referring to one of the independent heavy tank regiments that were assigned to the 2nd Ukrainian

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On the part of the Germans, the counterattack was depicted as a glorious success in which one group of brave German soldiers freed their equally heroic comrades who had been trapped in the pocket. However,

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a culmination of Soviet armored strength against the ailing Wehrmacht. Marshal Zhukov disliked being overshadowed by his rival, noting that on 18 February 1944, official honors were given in Moscow to the

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Fronts tried to eradicate the pocket. The encircled German units attempted a breakout in coordination with a relief attempt by other German forces, resulting in heavy casualties, estimates of which vary.

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For example, U.S. Army historian Douglas E. Nash points to Soviet claims as being exaggerated; e.g., the Soviet 5th Cavalry Corps and 4th Guards Army "claimed that they had practically wiped out most of

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With German armored reserves drawn to the Korsun Pocket, the Soviets struck Army Group South in two other sectors. The 13th and 60th Armies (General Vatutin's 1st Ukrainian Front) advanced south of the

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regiment of 5th SS Panzer Division. By nightfall on 16 February, the III Panzer Corps fought its way closer to the encircled formations, with spearheads now seven kilometers from Group Stemmermann.

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Glantz & House, p. 188. In this work, Glantz is skeptical of German accounts, writing "Although German accounts claim that 30,000 troops escaped, the Soviet version is far more credible."

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The message did not specify that Zhurzintsy and the hill were still firmly in Soviet hands—a failure that caused Group Stemmermann severe casualties during the German breakout of the pocket.

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encircled German forces. The Red Army force also included elements of the 5th Guards Tank Army, with its armor placed in the area that separated Group Stemmermann and the III Panzer Corps.

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captured Novo-Buda and Komarovka, respectively. On the evening of 15 February, Khilki was secured, against a Soviet counterattack. However, of all the German divisions in the pocket, the

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aircraft. Despite logistical difficulties, units from the 2nd Ukrainian Front were able to close in on Korsun by 10 February, collapsing the pocket to an area of six by seven miles.

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remained operational. The operation had only met about half (78 tons) of the daily requirements (150 tons) of the encircled troops as estimated by the German 8th Army headquarters.

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Battalion. The only units considered still capable of offensive operations were the 72nd Infantry and 5th SS Divisions. (Department of the Army Pamphlet 20–234, pp. 19–20)

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were assembled for a relief effort. Hitler intervened, however, and ordered the attack be transformed into an effort to counter-encircle the two Soviet army groups.

314: 17: 4589: 1817:, describing the staff study as "anything but accurate" and "completely unreliable." Both Nash and Zetterling/Frankson conclude that Korsun was a Soviet victory. 4192: 4164: 3308: 2960: 6230: 4909: 4596: 3730: 5212: 4575: 3884: 3509: 877: 4225: 4171: 3357: 4682: 4178: 3794: 3204: 4568: 4015: 3891: 1444:

Shanderovka at the southwestern perimeter of the pocket to reach a favorable jump-off line for the breakout. On 11 and 12 February, elements of the

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and established a small bridgehead on the eastern bank. It was unable to advance further, meaning that Group Stemmermann had to fight its way out.

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river. However, when the German forces arrived, construction had only just been started, so the defensive positions essentially did not exist.

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realized the potential for destroying Wöhler's 8th Army, using tactics similar to those used to encircle and destroy Paulus's 6th Army in the

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tanks and assault guns left, and six more under repair. The division further had 47 artillery pieces, of which 12 were self-propelled guns.

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The German air force mounted an aerial resupply operation to both the encircled forces and the German relief columns. On 28 January, the

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confrontation with the Soviet Union, and the authors highlighted the historical experience of the Wehrmacht which might prove useful to

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four-wheel and six-wheel drive trucks. These were largely able to get through, whereas German two-wheel-drive vehicles were not.

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The relief attempt begins. Tanks and halftracks of 1st Panzer Division begin movements towards the pocket, early February 1944

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One of the initial historiographical works on the fighting at Korsun was a 1952 U.S. Army publication, DA Pamphlet 20–234,

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roughly in the center of the salient, with the 1st Ukrainian Front to its left and the 2nd Ukrainian Front to its right.

732: 442: 346: 57: 1338:. Pulling the III Panzer Corps back and reorganizing for the new attack 15 kilometers south of Boyarka took three days. 6144: 6013: 5891: 5469: 5184: 5135: 4893: 4448: 3700: 3539: 3387: 3241: 1831: 1573: 1569: 1445: 1379: 1125:

By 1 December 1943, the line had been broken and the Soviet Army had crossed the Dnieper in force. Only two corps, the

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from the pocket. Glantz has also translated the Soviet General Staff Study on the Korsun Operation into English as

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In a U.S. Army brief written following the war, Lieb commented that when he assumed command of Force Stemmermann:

1627:, where the survivors of the first collision of the German column with Soviet troops dragged and fought their way. 375: 6432: 5821: 5662: 5651: 5487: 5246: 5205: 5098: 5036: 4423: 3693: 3562: 3530: 1354: 1274:, the commander of the XI Corps, was placed in command of the forces in the pocket. These forces were designated 4210: 3778: 1695:. To the south, the 3rd and 4th Ukrainian Fronts (Generals Malinovsky and Tolbukhin) attacked along the bend of 6207: 6179: 6057: 5087: 4538: 4464: 4260: 3631: 3350: 3255: 3140: 2652: 1325:. This request was refused, and the counter-encirclement of the Soviet forces was attempted. The attack by the 1249: 758: 602: 1654:

The Red Army encirclement of Cherkassy–Korsun inflicted serious damage on six German divisions, including the

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Stemmermann elected to stay behind with a rearguard of 6,500 men, the remaining combined strength of the

1482: 1477:(BDO) in order to convince the German troops to surrender. The prisoners of war and BDO members Generals 1361:

covered the northern flank of the drive. As they drove deeper into the Soviet positions, Zhukov ordered

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The Soviet victory in the Korsun–Cherkassy offensive marked the successful implementation of

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made a Marshal of the Soviet Union for his victory at Korsun. Konev also survived the war.

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Zetterling & Frankson, p. 336; a total of 242 artillery pieces were inside the pocket.

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to exploit penetrations, supported by the 5th Air Army, to be joined in progress by the

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extended some 100 kilometers to the Dnieper river settlement of Kanev, with the town of

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Some of the destroyed German equipment following the attempt to break out from Korsun.

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On 11 February, the III Panzer Corps continued its drive east. The force reached the

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The Korsun Pocket: The Encirclement and Breakout of a German Army in the East, 1944

1815:

The Korsun Pocket. The Encirclement and Breakout of a German Army in the East, 1944

1561: 1318: 1103: 1070: 1042: 987: 970: 851: 845: 834: 807: 743: 651: 504: 493: 466: 458: 437: 380: 171: 3373: 2739:"There was no Stalingrad on the Dnieper, as the Soviets claimed..." (Nash, p. 382) 6216: 5928: 5843: 5801: 5699: 5642: 5510: 5292: 5283: 4812: 4394: 4370: 3624: 2864: 2810: 1804:

The Battle for the Ukraine: The Red Army's Korsun'-Shevchenkovkii Operation, 1944

1688: 1387: 1370: 1362: 1130: 1066: 1034: 856: 763: 625: 590: 515: 405: 248: 184: 6328: 6223: 5759: 5685: 3737: 3596: 2868: 2848:

The Eastern Front 1943–1944: The War in the East and on the Neighbouring Fronts

1491: 1314: 869: 569: 400: 163: 1107: 1010:

battle fought from 24 January to 16 February 1944 in the course of the Soviet

159: 6396: 6378: 6365: 6034: 3959: 3808: 3647: 1680: 1624: 1536: 1523: 1424: 1420: 1408: 1383: 1350: 1278:. The 5th SS Panzer Division, with some 11,400 personnel, had 30 operational 1244: 1153: 1134: 1046: 180: 6333: 6137: 4437: 4342: 3973: 3336: 3100: 1597: 1243:

The Soviet commanders were optimistic about the progress of the operation.

1236: 1223: 1201: 1184:, 5th Guards Cavalry Corps and 2nd Tank Army. Additionally, from Vatutin's 1007: 520: 143: 129: 95: 49: 2954:(Paper written for the Command and General Staff College of the U.S. Army) 5972: 5958: 5620: 4296: 4117: 4102: 3456: 3041:. Drexel Hill (Philadelphia), Pennsylvania: Casemate Publishers. 2008. 1834:) a book named "Le chaudron de Tcherkassy-Korsun ", covering the battle. 1696: 1661: 5327: 5080: 5059: 3952: 3285: 3213: 2962:

Hell's Gate: The Battle of the Cherkassy Pocket, January–February 1944

1700: 1498: 1279: 1074: 1038: 188: 3005:

Verbände und Truppen der deutschen Wehrmacht und Waffen-SS 1939 – 1945

2850:] (in German). Vol. VIII. München: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt. 1811:

Hell's Gate: The Battle of the Cherkassy Pocket, January–February 1944

1386:

much longer. The Red Air Force attempted to resupply some units using

5590: 4995: 4792: 4603: 4401: 4356: 1921:

Numbers of Soviet AFVs, aircraft, and guns taken from Frieser, p. 395

1283: 1142: 1137:

and the attached Corps Detachment B from the 8th Army were holding a

1082: 536: 87: 3877: 2230: 2228: 2177:

Image description abbreviated from nearly same image in Nash, p. 161

3861: 3589: 1782: 1589: 1549: 1232: 1050: 1809:

More recently, the 2002 work by U.S. Army historian Douglas Nash,

1176:

from the southeast by the 53rd Army and 4th Guards Army, with the

2844:

Die Ostfront 1943/44 – Der Krieg im Osten und an den Nebenfronten

2834: 2225: 2116:

Erickson, p. 177; Glantz & House, p. 187; and Frieser, p. 396

1820:

In 2007, Volume 8 of the German semiofficial history of the war (

1263: 1119: 1015: 2977:

Knights of the Black Cross, Hitler's Panzerwaffe and Its Leaders

1761:—"an unforgivable error of the part of the supreme commander ". 292: 6413:

Battles and operations of World War II involving Czechoslovakia

4471: 3069: 2016: 1715: 1469:

The pocket led to an attempt by the Soviet Union to enlist the

1165: 1161: 2933:

Family Punishment in Nazi Germany: Sippenhaft, Terror and Myth

2437:

Nash, p. 296, map of disposition of forces during the breakout

4659: 2519:

The cavalry hacked at the German soldiers with their sabers.

1692: 1078: 2905:

Soviet Casualties and Combat Losses in the Twentieth Century

2815:

Operations of Encircled Forces: German Experiences in Russia

2092:

The 6th Tank Army had been formed on 20 January 1944. Dunn,

1779:

Operations of Encircled Forces: German Experiences in Russia

1579: 1218: 2375:

The Free Germany Movement: A Case of Patriotism Or Treason?

1786: 63: 1985: 1098:

In the autumn of 1943, the German forces of Field Marshal

2838:; Schmider, Klaus; Schönherr, Klaus; Schreiber, Gerhard; 2817:. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1952. 2494: 2355: 2353: 1196:

Armies were to be deployed from the northwest, with the

2028: 3731:

Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany

2647:. New York: E. P. Dutton & Co., Inc. p. 782. 2392: 1270:, and "several thousand" Russian auxiliaries. General 1168:

refused to allow the exposed units to be pulled back.

2350: 6438:

Strategic operations of the Red Army in World War II

2872:

When Titans Clashed: How the Red Army Stopped Hitler

1908: 1906: 1393: 1160:. Zhukov recommended to the Soviet Supreme Command ( 1118:, a defensive position that in Ukraine followed the 2887:

Army Group South: The Wehrmacht in Russia 1941–1945

2103: 2101: 1141:in the new Soviet line. The salient to the west of 2965:. Southbury, Connecticut: RZM Publishing, 2002. 2753:, though this was not remotely close ... In fact, 2206: 2204: 1978: 1976: 1974: 1972: 1302:Manstein moved quickly, and by early February the 1994: 1903: 1878: 1876: 1781:. This work was written in the context of NATO's 6394: 2545: 2543: 2098: 1852: 1850: 1848: 1846: 1248:units. Among the trapped German forces were the 899: 6408:Battles and operations of the Soviet–German War 2874:. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1995. 2218: 2216: 2201: 1969: 2371: 2185: 2183: 2146: 2144: 2077: 2007: 1873: 3085: 2584: 2582: 2540: 1843: 1341:On 11 February, Breith began a push with the 885: 308: 214:XLVII Panzer Corps (58 tanks) (reinforcement) 2918: 2786:Red Army Tank Commanders: The Armored Guards 2213: 2022: 212:III Panzer Corps (201 tanks) (reinforcement) 3037:Zetterling, Niklas & Frankson, Anders. 3007:, Vol. 14, Osnabrück: Biblio Verlag, 1980. 2180: 2141: 1724:in men and tremendous losses in equipment. 66:light tank in Korsun-Shevchenkovski region. 3092: 3078: 2579: 2000:Zetterling & Frankson, p. 283 (citing 1866: 1864: 1862: 1605:Tank Corps brought its brigade of the new 1200:to exploit penetrations, supported by the 892: 878: 315: 301: 106:Soviet victory and successful encirclement 56: 3065:Satellite view of the German escape route 2889:. Atglen, PA: Schiffer Military History. 2831:, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999. 2733: 1353:. They initially made good progress. The 120: 3018: 2979:. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1986. 2034: 1714: 1660: 1578: 1508: 1415: 1293: 1289: 1217: 2930: 2824:. Mechanicsburg: Stackpole Books, 2009. 2822:Hitler's Nemesis The Red Army 1930–1945 2398: 2359: 1859: 1464: 1214:Korsun–Cherkassy Pocket order of battle 1129:under General Wilhelm Stemmermann, the 14: 6395: 4939: 4917:Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union 3060:Terrain view of the Korsun Pocket area 2804:Department of the Army Pamphlet 20–234 2667:Zetterling & Frankson, pp. 277–278 5788:Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign 5220:Japanese invasion of French Indochina 4866:Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union 4822:Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union 3927:Rape during the occupation of Germany 3073: 2884: 2642: 1471:National Committee for a Free Germany 1004:Battle of the Korsun–Cherkassy Pocket 873: 296: 35:Battle of the Korsun–Cherkassy pocket 18:Battle of the Korsun–Cherkassy Pocket 4910:Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union 3942:Rape during the liberation of France 2065:Zetterling & Frankson, pp. 37–39 2002:The Korsun-Shevchenkovskii Operation 1747: 1349:Panzer Divisions driving toward the 1049:. During weeks of fighting, the two 2004:, p. 41 and 52; Krivosheev, p. 109) 1504: 240:30,000 killed, captured and wounded 24: 5136:German invasion of the Netherlands 3416:Weather events during World War II 1427:in formation above (January 1944). 1073:. The arrival of large numbers of 225:5,300 artillery pieces and mortars 25: 6449: 5767:Northern Burma and Western Yunnan 3053: 3023:. New York, NY: Blandford Press. 2907:. London: Greenhill Books, 1997. 2694:Zetterling & Frankson, p. 280 2558:Zetterling & Frankson, p. 272 2537:Zetterling & Frankson, p. 267 2482:Zetterling & Frankson, p. 257 2473:Zetterling & Frankson, p. 242 2428:Zetterling & Frankson, p. 244 2347:Zetterling & Frankson, p. 255 2329:Zetterling & Frankson, p. 245 2252:Zetterling & Frankson, p. 185 2243:Zetterling & Frankson, p. 184 2234:Zetterling & Frankson, p. 180 2159:Zetterling & Frankson, p. 335 1966:Zetterling & Frankson, p. 292 1957:Zetterling & Frankson, p. 289 1948:Zetterling & Frankson, p. 288 1939:Zetterling & Frankson, p. 285 1930:Zetterling & Frankson, p. 277 1772: 1394:German maneuver within the pocket 1226:advances that created the pocket. 322: 6327: 3099: 2074:Zetterling & Frankson, p. 39 2056:Zetterling & Frankson, p. 37 1823:Germany and the Second World War 1683:, capturing the remnants of the 1235:and moved into the outskirts of 391:Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina 136: 122: 2993:. New York: Grove Press, 1993. 2924:History of the Second World War 2778: 2766: 2742: 2724: 2715: 2706: 2697: 2688: 2679: 2670: 2661: 2636: 2627: 2618: 2609: 2600: 2591: 2570: 2561: 2552: 2531: 2522: 2513: 2503: 2485: 2476: 2467: 2458: 2449: 2440: 2431: 2422: 2413: 2404: 2365: 2341: 2332: 2323: 2314: 2305: 2296: 2287: 2278: 2269: 2255: 2246: 2237: 2192: 2171: 2162: 2153: 2132: 2119: 2110: 2086: 2068: 2059: 2050: 2040: 1960: 1951: 1942: 1797:and David Glantz's 1995 (2015) 1207: 1093: 1020:Korsun–Shevchenkovsky offensive 6014:Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945 3724:Territorial changes of Germany 3632:Indonesian National Revolution 1933: 1924: 1915: 1894: 1885: 1719:Soviet forces in Ukraine, 1944 1436:were dropped in by parachute. 1033:, commanded, respectively, by 1000:Корсунь-Шевченківська операція 992:Корсунь-Шевченковская операция 208:242 artillery pieces in pocket 13: 1: 6418:Encirclements in World War II 5414:Japanese invasion of Thailand 5365:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran 5129:German invasion of Luxembourg 3510:Mediterranean and Middle East 1837: 1710: 1479:Walther von Seydlitz-Kurzbach 1041:, encircled German forces of 78:24 January – 16 February 1944 5321:Invasion of the Soviet Union 5010:Occupation of Czechoslovakia 4328:Independent State of Croatia 2952:No Stalingrad on the Dnieper 1369:Konev issued orders for the 1359:1st SS Panzer Division LSSAH 1152:Marshal of the Soviet Union 1012:Dnieper–Carpathian offensive 903:Dnieper–Carpathian offensive 42:Dnieper–Carpathian offensive 7: 6305:End of World War II in Asia 6145:Western invasion of Germany 5652:Chinese famine of 1942–1943 5629:Second Battle of El Alamein 5199:Hundred Regiments Offensive 5171:Battle of the Mediterranean 5024:Italian invasion of Albania 3198:Air warfare of World War II 1483:Alexander Edler von Daniels 10: 6454: 6231:Naval bombardment of Japan 5599:First Battle of El Alamein 5518:Battle of Christmas Island 5463:Japanese invasion of Burma 5227:Italian invasion of Greece 5143:German invasion of Belgium 5115:German invasion of Denmark 5088:1939–1940 Winter Offensive 4957:Second Italo-Ethiopian War 3221:Comparative military ranks 2588:Glantz & House, p. 188 2083:Glantz & House, p. 187 1991:Glantz & House, p. 298 1649: 1211: 984:Battle of Korsun–Cherkassy 961:Bereznegovatoye–Snigirevka 271:300 tanks and assault guns 210:80,000 men (reinforcement) 62:Red Army assault force on 6320: 6152:Bratislava–Brno offensive 6092: 6083:Dutch famine of 1944–1945 5820: 5707:Allied invasion of Sicily 5661: 5567:Aleutian Islands campaign 5539:Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign 5486: 5477:Greek famine of 1941–1944 5372:Second Battle of Changsha 5277:German invasion of Greece 5245: 5122:Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang 5097: 5035: 4930: 4811: 4537: 4447: 4295: 3998: 3989: 3747: 3572: 3464:North and Central Pacific 3425: 3187: 3180: 3107: 2788:. Atglen, Pennsylvania: 2643:Werth, Alexander (1964). 2606:Nash 1995, pp. 3, 141–142 2549:DA Pamphlet 20–234, p. 31 2500:DA Pamphlet 20–234, p. 40 2311:DA Pamphlet 20–234, p. 19 2284:DA Pamphlet 20–234, p. 22 1475:League of German Officers 1133:under Lieutenant General 999: 991: 911: 332: 229: 221:400 tanks (reinforcement) 194: 149: 114: 70: 55: 39: 34: 6403:1944 in the Soviet Union 5744:Allied invasion of Italy 5721:Solomon Islands campaign 5470:Third Battle of Changsha 5067:First Battle of Changsha 4973:Second Sino-Japanese War 3913:German military brothels 3779:United States war crimes 3019:Willmott, H. P. (1984). 2956:, Fort Leavenworth: 1995 2931:Loeffel, Robert (2012). 2842:; Wegner, Bernd (2007). 2721:DA Pamphlet 20–234, p. 1 2302:Nash, Appendix 8, p. 399 2129:, quoted in Nash, p. 200 1375:5th Guards Cavalry Corps 1257:5th SS Infantry Brigade 285:55,902 wounded and sick 283:24,286 killed or missing 6166:Second Guangxi campaign 6021:Philippines (1944–1945) 5525:Battle of the Coral Sea 5428:Fall of the Philippines 5074:Battle of South Guangxi 4980:Battles of Khalkhin Gol 4386:Italian Social Republic 2926:. New York, NY: Putnam. 2784:Armstrong, Richard N. 2372:Kai Schoenhals (1989). 1574:88th Infantry Divisions 1562:General Lieutenant Lieb 1250:5th SS Panzer Division 1114:had fallen back to the 6433:Korsun-Shevchenkivskyi 5751:Armistice of Cassibile 5553:Battle of Dutch Harbor 5504:Battle of the Java Sea 5407:Attack on Pearl Harbor 5307:Syria–Lebanon campaign 5300:Battle of South Shanxi 5270:Invasion of Yugoslavia 5053:Battle of the Atlantic 4667:Korean Liberation Army 4380:(until September 1943) 4337:(until September 1944) 4315:(until September 1944) 2935:. Palgrave Macmillan. 2885:Haupt, Werner (1998). 2633:Nash 1995, pp. 149–150 1720: 1676: 1666: 1656:5th SS Panzer Division 1639: 1584: 1514: 1513:Congestion on the road 1450:5th SS Panzer Division 1446:72nd Infantry Division 1428: 1380:72nd Infantry Division 1299: 1266:SS infantry battalion 1227: 1059:Soviet deep operations 150:Commanders and leaders 27:Battle of World War II 5915:Second Battle of Guam 5811:Bengal famine of 1943 5781:Second Battle of Kiev 5737:Battle of the Dnieper 5442:Battle of Wake Island 5314:East African campaign 5256:Battle of South Henan 4901:atrocities by Germans 4674:Korean Volunteer Army 3655:Occupation of Germany 3409:Music in World War II 2989:Shukman, Harold, ed. 2809:14 March 2008 at the 1793:John Erickson's 1983 1718: 1671: 1664: 1620: 1582: 1537:49.25700°N 30.82300°E 1512: 1419: 1297: 1290:German relief attacks 1221: 1045:in a pocket near the 1002:), also known as the 929:Korsun–Shevchenkovsky 230:Casualties and losses 219:524 tanks (initially) 6423:February 1944 events 6201:Surrender of Germany 5679:Battle of West Hubei 5636:Guadalcanal campaign 5606:Battle of Stalingrad 5532:Battle of Madagascar 4306:Albania protectorate 4093:(formerly Swaziland) 3802:Wehrmacht war crimes 3618:Expulsion of Germans 3402:Art and World War II 3300:British contribution 3249:Governments in exile 2772:Frieser, pp. 394–419 1554:5th Guards Tank Army 1501:against his family. 1465:Appeal from the NKFD 1423:at Korsun airfield, 1331:11th Panzer Division 1255:, with the attached 1178:5th Guards Tank Army 1158:Battle of Stalingrad 1077:- and British-built 1065:by driving into the 1031:2nd Ukrainian Fronts 951:Proskurov–Chernovtsy 244:Outside the pocket: 200:60,000 men in pocket 6428:January 1944 events 6379:49.4194°N 31.2772°E 6375: / 6291:Potsdam Declaration 6180:Italy (Spring 1945) 5943:Liberation of Paris 5400:Siege of Sevastopol 4418:(until August 1944) 4321:Wang Jingwei regime 4143:from September 1943 4103:from September 1944 4041:from September 1944 3901:Romanian war crimes 3892:Persecution of Jews 3878:Croatian war crimes 3848:Japanese war crimes 3662:Occupation of Japan 3611:First Indochina War 3323:Military production 3235:Declarations of war 2920:Liddell Hart, B. H. 2836:Frieser, Karl-Heinz 2790:Schiffer Publishing 2127:Battles Hitler Lost 2025:, pp. 664–665. 1799:When Titans Clashed 1767:General von Vormann 1759:1st Ukrainian Front 1755:2nd Ukrainian Front 1616:5th Guards Airborne 1583:The German breakout 1533: / 1433:VIII Aviation Corps 1400:Gniloy Tikich River 1355:1st Panzer Division 1351:Gniloy Tikich River 1317:, commander of the 1272:Wilhelm Stemmermann 1186:1st Ukrainian Front 1174:2nd Ukrainian Front 1025:In the battle, the 598:Ostrogozhsk–Rossosh 499:Barvenkovo–Lozovaya 168:Wilhelm Stemmermann 6284:Surrender of Japan 6117:Battle of Iwo Jima 5966:Belgrade offensive 5379:Siege of Leningrad 5263:Battle of Shanggao 5192:British Somaliland 5157:Dunkirk evacuation 5108:Norwegian campaign 5046:Invasion of Poland 4873:Japanese prisoners 3841:Italian war crimes 3772:British war crimes 3687:Soviet occupations 3471:South-West Pacific 3358:Allied cooperation 3316:Military equipment 2903:Krivosheev, G. F. 2869:House, Jonathan M. 2829:The Road to Berlin 2576:Haupt, pp. 211–212 1912:Krivosheev, p. 109 1795:The Road to Berlin 1730:Gruppe Stemmermann 1721: 1667: 1634:The Road to Berlin 1632:John Erickson, in 1585: 1542:49.25700; 30.82300 1515: 1429: 1336:Gruppe Stemmermann 1327:XLVII Panzer Corps 1323:Gruppe Stemmermann 1308:XLVII Panzer Corps 1300: 1276:Gruppe Stemmermann 1228: 1116:Panther–Wotan line 1106:including General 1100:Erich von Manstein 939:Nikopol–Krivoi Rog 919:Zhitomir–Berdichev 793:Western Carpathian 733:2nd Jassy–Kishinev 703:1st Jassy–Kishinev 688:Leningrad–Novgorod 683:Dnieper–Carpathian 156:Erich von Manstein 6358: 6357: 6316: 6315: 6159:Battle of Okinawa 6058:Burma (1944–1945) 5892:Mariana and Palau 5672:Tunisian campaign 5497:Fall of Singapore 5421:Fall of Hong Kong 5164:Battle of Britain 5017:Operation Himmler 4926: 4925: 4590:Dutch East Indies 4233:Southern Rhodesia 3985: 3984: 3885:Genocide of Serbs 3788:German war crimes 3765:Soviet war crimes 3758:Allied war crimes 3604:Division of Korea 3583:Chinese Civil War 3381:Strategic bombing 3293:Manhattan Project 3047:978-1-932033-88-5 2991:Stalin's Generals 2975:Perrett, Bryan. 2959:Nash, Douglas E. 2949:Nash, Douglas E. 2942:978-0-230-34305-4 2857:978-3-421-06235-2 2840:Ungváry, Kristián 2597:Nash 1995, p. 132 2320:Nash, pp. 212–214 2023:Liddell Hart 1970 1748:Use in propaganda 1691:and advancing to 1685:German XIII Corps 979: 978: 867: 866: 291: 290: 110: 109: 16:(Redirected from 6445: 6390: 6389: 6387: 6386: 6385: 6384:49.4194; 31.2772 6380: 6376: 6373: 6372: 6371: 6368: 6351: 6344: 6337: 6334:World portal 6332: 6331: 6307: 6300: 6293: 6286: 6277: 6270: 6263: 6254: 6247: 6240: 6233: 6226: 6219: 6210: 6203: 6196: 6194:Prague offensive 6189: 6187:Battle of Berlin 6182: 6175: 6168: 6161: 6154: 6147: 6140: 6133: 6131:Vienna offensive 6126: 6119: 6112: 6110:Battle of Manila 6105: 6085: 6076: 6067: 6060: 6051: 6044: 6037: 6030: 6023: 6016: 6009: 6000: 5991: 5984: 5975: 5968: 5961: 5954: 5945: 5938: 5931: 5924: 5917: 5910: 5903: 5894: 5887: 5878: 5869: 5860: 5853: 5851:Korsun–Cherkassy 5846: 5835: 5813: 5804: 5797: 5790: 5783: 5776: 5769: 5762: 5753: 5746: 5739: 5732: 5723: 5716: 5709: 5702: 5695: 5693:Bombing of Gorky 5688: 5681: 5674: 5654: 5647: 5638: 5631: 5624: 5615: 5608: 5601: 5594: 5583: 5576: 5569: 5562: 5560:Battle of Midway 5555: 5548: 5546:Battle of Gazala 5541: 5534: 5527: 5520: 5513: 5506: 5499: 5479: 5472: 5465: 5458: 5456:Battle of Borneo 5451: 5449:Malayan campaign 5444: 5437: 5430: 5423: 5416: 5409: 5402: 5395: 5393:Bombing of Gorky 5388: 5386:Battle of Moscow 5381: 5374: 5367: 5360: 5353: 5346: 5330: 5323: 5316: 5309: 5302: 5295: 5286: 5279: 5272: 5265: 5258: 5238: 5229: 5222: 5215: 5208: 5201: 5194: 5187: 5180: 5173: 5166: 5159: 5152: 5150:Battle of France 5145: 5138: 5131: 5124: 5117: 5110: 5090: 5083: 5076: 5069: 5062: 5055: 5048: 5026: 5019: 5012: 5005: 5003:Munich Agreement 4998: 4991: 4982: 4975: 4968: 4959: 4952: 4937: 4936: 4919: 4912: 4903: 4896: 4889: 4888:Soviet prisoners 4882: 4875: 4868: 4859: 4852: 4843: 4836: 4829: 4828:German prisoners 4824: 4804: 4795: 4788: 4781: 4776: 4769: 4762: 4755: 4748: 4741: 4734: 4727: 4720: 4713: 4706: 4699: 4692: 4685: 4676: 4669: 4662: 4655: 4648: 4641: 4634: 4627: 4620: 4613: 4606: 4599: 4592: 4585: 4578: 4571: 4564: 4557: 4550: 4530: 4523: 4516: 4509: 4502: 4495: 4488: 4481: 4474: 4467: 4460: 4440: 4433: 4426: 4419: 4411: 4404: 4397: 4388: 4381: 4373: 4366: 4364:French Indochina 4359: 4352: 4345: 4338: 4330: 4323: 4316: 4308: 4288: 4279: 4272: 4263: 4256: 4249: 4242: 4235: 4228: 4221: 4214: 4211:from August 1944 4202: 4195: 4188: 4181: 4174: 4167: 4160: 4153: 4146: 4134: 4127: 4120: 4113: 4106: 4094: 4086: 4079: 4072: 4065: 4058: 4051: 4044: 4032: 4025: 4018: 4011: 3996: 3995: 3976: 3969: 3962: 3955: 3948: 3937: 3922: 3915: 3908: 3903: 3894: 3887: 3880: 3871: 3864: 3857: 3855:Nanjing Massacre 3850: 3843: 3834: 3832:Nuremberg trials 3825: 3818: 3811: 3804: 3797: 3790: 3781: 3774: 3767: 3760: 3740: 3733: 3726: 3717: 3710: 3703: 3696: 3689: 3682: 3673: 3664: 3657: 3650: 3643: 3634: 3627: 3620: 3613: 3606: 3599: 3592: 3585: 3565: 3556: 3549: 3542: 3533: 3526: 3519: 3512: 3503: 3496: 3489: 3480: 3473: 3466: 3459: 3452: 3445: 3438: 3436:Asia and Pacific 3418: 3411: 3404: 3397: 3390: 3383: 3376: 3367: 3365:Mulberry harbour 3360: 3353: 3346: 3339: 3332: 3325: 3318: 3311: 3302: 3295: 3288: 3279: 3272: 3265: 3258: 3251: 3244: 3237: 3230: 3223: 3216: 3207: 3200: 3185: 3184: 3173: 3166: 3157: 3150: 3143: 3136: 3129: 3122: 3115: 3094: 3087: 3080: 3071: 3070: 3034: 2946: 2927: 2900: 2861: 2827:Erickson, John. 2820:Dunn, Walter S. 2773: 2770: 2764: 2746: 2740: 2737: 2731: 2728: 2722: 2719: 2713: 2710: 2704: 2701: 2695: 2692: 2686: 2683: 2677: 2674: 2668: 2665: 2659: 2658: 2640: 2634: 2631: 2625: 2622: 2616: 2613: 2607: 2604: 2598: 2595: 2589: 2586: 2577: 2574: 2568: 2565: 2559: 2556: 2550: 2547: 2538: 2535: 2529: 2526: 2520: 2517: 2511: 2507: 2501: 2498: 2492: 2489: 2483: 2480: 2474: 2471: 2465: 2462: 2456: 2453: 2447: 2444: 2438: 2435: 2429: 2426: 2420: 2417: 2411: 2408: 2402: 2396: 2390: 2389: 2369: 2363: 2357: 2348: 2345: 2339: 2336: 2330: 2327: 2321: 2318: 2312: 2309: 2303: 2300: 2294: 2291: 2285: 2282: 2276: 2273: 2267: 2259: 2253: 2250: 2244: 2241: 2235: 2232: 2223: 2220: 2211: 2208: 2199: 2196: 2190: 2187: 2178: 2175: 2169: 2166: 2160: 2157: 2151: 2148: 2139: 2136: 2130: 2123: 2117: 2114: 2108: 2107:Erickson, p. 177 2105: 2096: 2094:Hitler's Nemesis 2090: 2084: 2081: 2075: 2072: 2066: 2063: 2057: 2054: 2048: 2044: 2038: 2032: 2026: 2020: 2014: 2011: 2005: 1998: 1992: 1989: 1983: 1980: 1967: 1964: 1958: 1955: 1949: 1946: 1940: 1937: 1931: 1928: 1922: 1919: 1913: 1910: 1901: 1898: 1892: 1889: 1883: 1880: 1871: 1868: 1857: 1854: 1681:Pripiat' Marshes 1637: 1607:Joseph Stalin-2s 1548: 1547: 1545: 1544: 1543: 1538: 1534: 1531: 1530: 1529: 1526: 1505:Breakout attempt 1495: 1319:III Panzer Corps 1104:Army Group South 1043:Army Group South 1001: 993: 906: 904: 894: 887: 880: 871: 870: 759:Petsamo–Kirkenes 637:Belgorod-Kharkov 603:Voronezh–Kharkov 327: 317: 310: 303: 294: 293: 176: 142: 140: 139: 132: 128: 126: 125: 72: 71: 60: 32: 31: 21: 6453: 6452: 6448: 6447: 6446: 6444: 6443: 6442: 6393: 6392: 6383: 6381: 6377: 6374: 6369: 6366: 6364: 6362: 6361: 6359: 6354: 6347: 6340: 6326: 6324: 6312: 6303: 6296: 6289: 6282: 6273: 6266: 6259: 6250: 6245:Atomic bombings 6243: 6236: 6229: 6222: 6215: 6206: 6199: 6192: 6185: 6178: 6171: 6164: 6157: 6150: 6143: 6136: 6129: 6122: 6115: 6108: 6101: 6088: 6081: 6070: 6063: 6056: 6047: 6040: 6033: 6026: 6019: 6012: 6003: 5994: 5987: 5978: 5971: 5964: 5957: 5948: 5941: 5936:Eastern Romania 5934: 5929:Warsaw Uprising 5927: 5922:Tannenberg Line 5920: 5913: 5908:Western Ukraine 5906: 5897: 5890: 5881: 5872: 5863: 5856: 5849: 5838: 5829: 5816: 5809: 5800: 5793: 5786: 5779: 5772: 5765: 5758: 5749: 5742: 5735: 5726: 5719: 5712: 5705: 5700:Battle of Kursk 5698: 5691: 5684: 5677: 5670: 5657: 5650: 5641: 5634: 5627: 5618: 5611: 5604: 5597: 5588: 5579: 5572: 5565: 5558: 5551: 5544: 5537: 5530: 5523: 5516: 5511:St Nazaire Raid 5509: 5502: 5495: 5482: 5475: 5468: 5461: 5454: 5447: 5440: 5433: 5426: 5419: 5412: 5405: 5398: 5391: 5384: 5377: 5370: 5363: 5356: 5349: 5335: 5326: 5319: 5312: 5305: 5298: 5293:Anglo-Iraqi War 5291: 5284:Battle of Crete 5282: 5275: 5268: 5261: 5254: 5241: 5232: 5225: 5218: 5213:Eastern Romania 5211: 5204: 5197: 5190: 5183: 5176: 5169: 5162: 5155: 5148: 5141: 5134: 5127: 5120: 5113: 5106: 5093: 5086: 5079: 5072: 5065: 5058: 5051: 5044: 5031: 5022: 5015: 5008: 5001: 4994: 4987: 4978: 4971: 4964: 4955: 4948: 4922: 4915: 4908: 4899: 4892: 4887: 4878: 4871: 4864: 4855: 4848: 4839: 4832: 4827: 4820: 4807: 4800: 4791: 4784: 4779: 4774:Western Ukraine 4772: 4765: 4758: 4751: 4744: 4737: 4730: 4723: 4718:Northeast China 4716: 4709: 4702: 4695: 4688: 4681: 4672: 4665: 4658: 4651: 4644: 4637: 4630: 4623: 4616: 4609: 4602: 4595: 4588: 4581: 4574: 4567: 4560: 4553: 4546: 4533: 4526: 4519: 4512: 4505: 4498: 4491: 4484: 4477: 4470: 4463: 4456: 4443: 4436: 4429: 4424:Slovak Republic 4422: 4414: 4407: 4400: 4395:Empire of Japan 4393: 4384: 4376: 4369: 4362: 4355: 4348: 4341: 4333: 4326: 4319: 4311: 4304: 4291: 4284: 4275: 4268: 4259: 4252: 4245: 4238: 4231: 4224: 4217: 4205: 4198: 4191: 4184: 4177: 4170: 4163: 4156: 4149: 4137: 4130: 4123: 4116: 4109: 4097: 4089: 4082: 4075: 4068: 4061: 4054: 4047: 4035: 4028: 4021: 4014: 4007: 3981: 3972: 3965: 3958: 3951: 3940: 3925: 3918: 3911: 3907:Sexual violence 3906: 3899: 3890: 3883: 3876: 3867: 3860: 3853: 3846: 3839: 3830: 3821: 3814: 3807: 3800: 3793: 3786: 3777: 3770: 3763: 3756: 3743: 3736: 3729: 3722: 3713: 3706: 3699: 3692: 3685: 3676: 3667: 3660: 3653: 3646: 3637: 3630: 3625:Greek Civil War 3623: 3616: 3609: 3602: 3595: 3588: 3581: 3568: 3561: 3552: 3545: 3538: 3529: 3522: 3515: 3508: 3499: 3492: 3485: 3476: 3469: 3462: 3455: 3450:South-East Asia 3448: 3441: 3434: 3421: 3414: 3407: 3400: 3393: 3386: 3379: 3372: 3363: 3356: 3349: 3342: 3335: 3328: 3321: 3314: 3309:Military awards 3307: 3298: 3291: 3284: 3275: 3268: 3261: 3254: 3247: 3240: 3233: 3226: 3219: 3212: 3203: 3196: 3176: 3169: 3162: 3153: 3146: 3139: 3134: 3125: 3118: 3111: 3103: 3098: 3056: 3031: 3003:Tessin, Georg. 2943: 2897: 2858: 2811:Wayback Machine 2781: 2776: 2771: 2767: 2747: 2743: 2738: 2734: 2729: 2725: 2720: 2716: 2712:Frieser, p. 419 2711: 2707: 2703:Frieser, p. 418 2702: 2698: 2693: 2689: 2684: 2680: 2675: 2671: 2666: 2662: 2655: 2641: 2637: 2632: 2628: 2624:Frieser, p. 404 2623: 2619: 2615:Frieser, p. 394 2614: 2610: 2605: 2601: 2596: 2592: 2587: 2580: 2575: 2571: 2567:Perrett, p. 169 2566: 2562: 2557: 2553: 2548: 2541: 2536: 2532: 2527: 2523: 2518: 2514: 2508: 2504: 2499: 2495: 2490: 2486: 2481: 2477: 2472: 2468: 2463: 2459: 2455:Perrett, p. 168 2454: 2450: 2445: 2441: 2436: 2432: 2427: 2423: 2418: 2414: 2409: 2405: 2397: 2393: 2386: 2370: 2366: 2358: 2351: 2346: 2342: 2337: 2333: 2328: 2324: 2319: 2315: 2310: 2306: 2301: 2297: 2292: 2288: 2283: 2279: 2274: 2270: 2260: 2256: 2251: 2247: 2242: 2238: 2233: 2226: 2221: 2214: 2210:Frieser, p. 402 2209: 2202: 2198:Frieser, p. 354 2197: 2193: 2189:Perrett, p. 167 2188: 2181: 2176: 2172: 2167: 2163: 2158: 2154: 2150:Frieser, p. 424 2149: 2142: 2137: 2133: 2124: 2120: 2115: 2111: 2106: 2099: 2091: 2087: 2082: 2078: 2073: 2069: 2064: 2060: 2055: 2051: 2045: 2041: 2033: 2029: 2021: 2017: 2013:Frieser, p. 417 2012: 2008: 1999: 1995: 1990: 1986: 1982:Frieser, p. 405 1981: 1970: 1965: 1961: 1956: 1952: 1947: 1943: 1938: 1934: 1929: 1925: 1920: 1916: 1911: 1904: 1900:Frieser, p. 399 1899: 1895: 1891:Frieser, p. 400 1890: 1886: 1882:Frieser, p. 397 1881: 1874: 1869: 1860: 1855: 1844: 1840: 1775: 1750: 1713: 1689:Battle of Rovno 1652: 1638: 1631: 1557:Panzer Corps." 1541: 1539: 1535: 1532: 1527: 1524: 1522: 1520: 1519: 1507: 1489: 1473:(NKFD) and the 1467: 1396: 1388:Polikarpov Po-2 1371:4th Guards Army 1292: 1216: 1210: 1131:XLII Army Corps 1096: 1067:strategic depth 1035:Nikolai Vatutin 980: 975: 907: 902: 900: 898: 868: 863: 857:Prague uprising 840:Bratislava–Brno 830:Moravia–Ostrava 720:Lvov–Sandomierz 548:Rzhev–Sychyovka 376:Białystok–Minsk 328: 323: 321: 286: 284: 282: 272: 270: 249:1st Panzer Army 236:In the pocket: 224: 222: 220: 218: 213: 211: 209: 207: 201: 187: 185:Nikolai Vatutin 183: 172: 166: 162: 158: 137: 135: 123: 121: 98: 61: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6451: 6441: 6440: 6435: 6430: 6425: 6420: 6415: 6410: 6405: 6356: 6355: 6353: 6352: 6345: 6338: 6321: 6318: 6317: 6314: 6313: 6311: 6310: 6309: 6308: 6301: 6294: 6280: 6279: 6278: 6264: 6261:South Sakhalin 6257: 6256: 6255: 6241: 6234: 6227: 6220: 6213: 6212: 6211: 6197: 6190: 6183: 6176: 6169: 6162: 6155: 6148: 6141: 6134: 6127: 6120: 6113: 6106: 6098: 6096: 6090: 6089: 6087: 6086: 6079: 6078: 6077: 6061: 6054: 6053: 6052: 6038: 6031: 6024: 6017: 6010: 6001: 5992: 5985: 5976: 5969: 5962: 5955: 5946: 5939: 5932: 5925: 5918: 5911: 5904: 5895: 5888: 5879: 5870: 5861: 5854: 5847: 5836: 5826: 5824: 5818: 5817: 5815: 5814: 5807: 5806: 5805: 5798: 5784: 5777: 5770: 5763: 5756: 5755: 5754: 5740: 5733: 5724: 5717: 5710: 5703: 5696: 5689: 5686:Battle of Attu 5682: 5675: 5667: 5665: 5659: 5658: 5656: 5655: 5648: 5639: 5632: 5625: 5616: 5609: 5602: 5595: 5586: 5585: 5584: 5577: 5563: 5556: 5549: 5542: 5535: 5528: 5521: 5514: 5507: 5500: 5492: 5490: 5484: 5483: 5481: 5480: 5473: 5466: 5459: 5452: 5445: 5438: 5435:Battle of Guam 5431: 5424: 5417: 5410: 5403: 5396: 5389: 5382: 5375: 5368: 5361: 5358:Battle of Kiev 5354: 5347: 5333: 5332: 5331: 5317: 5310: 5303: 5296: 5289: 5288: 5287: 5273: 5266: 5259: 5251: 5249: 5243: 5242: 5240: 5239: 5230: 5223: 5216: 5209: 5202: 5195: 5188: 5181: 5174: 5167: 5160: 5153: 5146: 5139: 5132: 5125: 5118: 5111: 5103: 5101: 5095: 5094: 5092: 5091: 5084: 5077: 5070: 5063: 5056: 5049: 5041: 5039: 5033: 5032: 5030: 5029: 5028: 5027: 5020: 5013: 5006: 4999: 4985: 4984: 4983: 4976: 4962: 4961: 4960: 4945: 4943: 4934: 4928: 4927: 4924: 4923: 4921: 4920: 4913: 4906: 4905: 4904: 4897: 4885: 4884: 4883: 4869: 4862: 4861: 4860: 4857:United Kingdom 4853: 4846: 4845: 4844: 4825: 4817: 4815: 4809: 4808: 4806: 4805: 4798: 4797: 4796: 4789: 4777: 4770: 4763: 4756: 4749: 4742: 4735: 4728: 4721: 4714: 4707: 4700: 4693: 4686: 4679: 4678: 4677: 4670: 4656: 4649: 4642: 4635: 4628: 4621: 4614: 4607: 4600: 4593: 4586: 4579: 4572: 4565: 4558: 4551: 4543: 4541: 4535: 4534: 4532: 4531: 4524: 4517: 4510: 4503: 4496: 4489: 4482: 4475: 4468: 4461: 4453: 4451: 4445: 4444: 4442: 4441: 4434: 4427: 4420: 4412: 4405: 4398: 4391: 4390: 4389: 4374: 4367: 4360: 4353: 4346: 4339: 4331: 4324: 4317: 4309: 4301: 4299: 4293: 4292: 4290: 4289: 4282: 4281: 4280: 4266: 4265: 4264: 4261:British Empire 4254:United Kingdom 4250: 4243: 4236: 4229: 4222: 4215: 4203: 4196: 4189: 4182: 4175: 4168: 4161: 4154: 4147: 4135: 4128: 4121: 4114: 4107: 4095: 4087: 4080: 4073: 4070:Czechoslovakia 4066: 4059: 4052: 4045: 4033: 4026: 4019: 4012: 4004: 4002: 3993: 3987: 3986: 3983: 3982: 3980: 3979: 3978: 3977: 3970: 3967:Rape of Manila 3963: 3956: 3949: 3938: 3923: 3916: 3904: 3897: 3896: 3895: 3888: 3874: 3873: 3872: 3865: 3858: 3844: 3837: 3836: 3835: 3828: 3827: 3826: 3819: 3805: 3798: 3784: 3783: 3782: 3775: 3768: 3753: 3751: 3745: 3744: 3742: 3741: 3738:United Nations 3734: 3727: 3720: 3719: 3718: 3711: 3704: 3697: 3683: 3674: 3665: 3658: 3651: 3644: 3635: 3628: 3621: 3614: 3607: 3600: 3597:Decolonization 3593: 3586: 3578: 3576: 3570: 3569: 3567: 3566: 3559: 3558: 3557: 3543: 3536: 3535: 3534: 3527: 3520: 3506: 3505: 3504: 3497: 3483: 3482: 3481: 3474: 3467: 3460: 3453: 3446: 3431: 3429: 3423: 3422: 3420: 3419: 3412: 3405: 3398: 3391: 3384: 3377: 3370: 3369: 3368: 3361: 3347: 3340: 3333: 3326: 3319: 3312: 3305: 3304: 3303: 3289: 3282: 3281: 3280: 3273: 3270:United Kingdom 3266: 3252: 3245: 3238: 3231: 3224: 3217: 3210: 3209: 3208: 3193: 3191: 3182: 3178: 3177: 3175: 3174: 3167: 3160: 3159: 3158: 3151: 3144: 3132: 3131: 3130: 3116: 3108: 3105: 3104: 3097: 3096: 3089: 3082: 3074: 3068: 3067: 3062: 3055: 3054:External links 3052: 3051: 3050: 3035: 3029: 3016: 3001: 2987: 2973: 2957: 2947: 2941: 2928: 2916: 2901: 2895: 2882: 2862: 2856: 2832: 2825: 2818: 2801: 2780: 2777: 2775: 2774: 2765: 2741: 2732: 2723: 2714: 2705: 2696: 2687: 2678: 2669: 2660: 2653: 2635: 2626: 2617: 2608: 2599: 2590: 2578: 2569: 2560: 2551: 2539: 2530: 2521: 2512: 2502: 2493: 2484: 2475: 2466: 2457: 2448: 2439: 2430: 2421: 2412: 2403: 2401:, p. 100. 2391: 2384: 2364: 2349: 2340: 2331: 2322: 2313: 2304: 2295: 2286: 2277: 2268: 2254: 2245: 2236: 2224: 2212: 2200: 2191: 2179: 2170: 2161: 2152: 2140: 2131: 2118: 2109: 2097: 2085: 2076: 2067: 2058: 2049: 2039: 2037:, p. 180. 2027: 2015: 2006: 1993: 1984: 1968: 1959: 1950: 1941: 1932: 1923: 1914: 1902: 1893: 1884: 1872: 1858: 1841: 1839: 1836: 1832:978-2717860290 1774: 1773:Historiography 1771: 1749: 1746: 1712: 1709: 1651: 1648: 1629: 1506: 1503: 1466: 1463: 1409:parlementaires 1395: 1392: 1315:Hermann Breith 1291: 1288: 1209: 1206: 1095: 1092: 1018:following the 977: 976: 974: 973: 968: 963: 958: 953: 942: 941: 936: 931: 926: 921: 912: 909: 908: 897: 896: 889: 882: 874: 865: 864: 862: 861: 860: 859: 849: 842: 837: 832: 827: 822: 820:East Pomerania 817: 810: 805: 800: 795: 790: 782: 781: 777: 776: 771: 766: 761: 756: 751: 746: 741: 736: 729: 722: 717: 710: 705: 700: 695: 690: 685: 679: 678: 674: 673: 668: 663: 656: 655: 654: 644: 639: 634: 629: 622: 617: 612: 605: 600: 595: 587: 586: 582: 581: 574: 567: 562: 555: 550: 545: 540: 533: 528: 523: 518: 513: 511:Toropets–Kholm 508: 501: 496: 490: 489: 485: 484: 479: 474: 469: 464: 463: 462: 455: 450: 445: 440: 435: 430: 425: 418: 413: 408: 403: 398: 393: 388: 383: 378: 373: 360: 359: 355: 354: 349: 344: 338: 337: 333: 330: 329: 320: 319: 312: 305: 297: 289: 288: 274: 265: 264: 258: 255:VII Army Corps 252: 242: 241: 232: 231: 227: 226: 223:1,054 aircraft 215: 197: 196: 192: 191: 178: 164:Hermann Breith 152: 151: 147: 146: 133: 117: 116: 112: 111: 108: 107: 104: 100: 99: 86: 84: 80: 79: 76: 68: 67: 53: 52: 37: 36: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6450: 6439: 6436: 6434: 6431: 6429: 6426: 6424: 6421: 6419: 6416: 6414: 6411: 6409: 6406: 6404: 6401: 6400: 6398: 6391: 6388: 6350: 6346: 6343: 6339: 6336: 6335: 6330: 6323: 6322: 6319: 6306: 6302: 6299: 6295: 6292: 6288: 6287: 6285: 6281: 6276: 6272: 6271: 6269: 6268:Kuril Islands 6265: 6262: 6258: 6253: 6249: 6248: 6246: 6242: 6239: 6235: 6232: 6228: 6225: 6221: 6218: 6214: 6209: 6205: 6204: 6202: 6198: 6195: 6191: 6188: 6184: 6181: 6177: 6174: 6170: 6167: 6163: 6160: 6156: 6153: 6149: 6146: 6142: 6139: 6135: 6132: 6128: 6125: 6121: 6118: 6114: 6111: 6107: 6104: 6100: 6099: 6097: 6095: 6091: 6084: 6080: 6075: 6074: 6069: 6068: 6066: 6062: 6059: 6055: 6050: 6046: 6045: 6043: 6039: 6036: 6035:Syrmian Front 6032: 6029: 6025: 6022: 6018: 6015: 6011: 6008: 6007: 6002: 5999: 5998: 5993: 5990: 5986: 5983: 5982: 5981:Market Garden 5977: 5974: 5970: 5967: 5963: 5960: 5956: 5953: 5952: 5947: 5944: 5940: 5937: 5933: 5930: 5926: 5923: 5919: 5916: 5912: 5909: 5905: 5902: 5901: 5896: 5893: 5889: 5886: 5885: 5880: 5877: 5876: 5871: 5868: 5867: 5862: 5859: 5855: 5852: 5848: 5845: 5841: 5840:Monte Cassino 5837: 5834: 5833: 5828: 5827: 5825: 5823: 5819: 5812: 5808: 5803: 5799: 5796: 5792: 5791: 5789: 5785: 5782: 5778: 5775: 5771: 5768: 5764: 5761: 5757: 5752: 5748: 5747: 5745: 5741: 5738: 5734: 5731: 5730: 5725: 5722: 5718: 5715: 5711: 5708: 5704: 5701: 5697: 5694: 5690: 5687: 5683: 5680: 5676: 5673: 5669: 5668: 5666: 5664: 5660: 5653: 5649: 5646: 5645: 5640: 5637: 5633: 5630: 5626: 5623: 5622: 5617: 5614: 5610: 5607: 5603: 5600: 5596: 5593: 5592: 5587: 5582: 5578: 5575: 5571: 5570: 5568: 5564: 5561: 5557: 5554: 5550: 5547: 5543: 5540: 5536: 5533: 5529: 5526: 5522: 5519: 5515: 5512: 5508: 5505: 5501: 5498: 5494: 5493: 5491: 5489: 5485: 5478: 5474: 5471: 5467: 5464: 5460: 5457: 5453: 5450: 5446: 5443: 5439: 5436: 5432: 5429: 5425: 5422: 5418: 5415: 5411: 5408: 5404: 5401: 5397: 5394: 5390: 5387: 5383: 5380: 5376: 5373: 5369: 5366: 5362: 5359: 5355: 5352: 5348: 5344: 5343: 5338: 5334: 5329: 5325: 5324: 5322: 5318: 5315: 5311: 5308: 5304: 5301: 5297: 5294: 5290: 5285: 5281: 5280: 5278: 5274: 5271: 5267: 5264: 5260: 5257: 5253: 5252: 5250: 5248: 5244: 5237: 5236: 5231: 5228: 5224: 5221: 5217: 5214: 5210: 5207: 5206:Baltic states 5203: 5200: 5196: 5193: 5189: 5186: 5182: 5179: 5175: 5172: 5168: 5165: 5161: 5158: 5154: 5151: 5147: 5144: 5140: 5137: 5133: 5130: 5126: 5123: 5119: 5116: 5112: 5109: 5105: 5104: 5102: 5100: 5096: 5089: 5085: 5082: 5078: 5075: 5071: 5068: 5064: 5061: 5057: 5054: 5050: 5047: 5043: 5042: 5040: 5038: 5034: 5025: 5021: 5018: 5014: 5011: 5007: 5004: 5000: 4997: 4993: 4992: 4990: 4986: 4981: 4977: 4974: 4970: 4969: 4967: 4963: 4958: 4954: 4953: 4951: 4947: 4946: 4944: 4942: 4938: 4935: 4933: 4929: 4918: 4914: 4911: 4907: 4902: 4898: 4895: 4891: 4890: 4886: 4881: 4877: 4876: 4874: 4870: 4867: 4863: 4858: 4854: 4851: 4850:United States 4847: 4842: 4838: 4837: 4835: 4831: 4830: 4826: 4823: 4819: 4818: 4816: 4814: 4810: 4803: 4799: 4794: 4790: 4787: 4786:Quốc dân Đảng 4783: 4782: 4778: 4775: 4771: 4768: 4764: 4761: 4757: 4754: 4750: 4747: 4743: 4740: 4736: 4733: 4729: 4726: 4722: 4719: 4715: 4712: 4708: 4705: 4701: 4698: 4694: 4691: 4687: 4684: 4680: 4675: 4671: 4668: 4664: 4663: 4661: 4657: 4654: 4650: 4647: 4643: 4640: 4636: 4633: 4629: 4626: 4622: 4619: 4615: 4612: 4608: 4605: 4601: 4598: 4594: 4591: 4587: 4584: 4580: 4577: 4573: 4570: 4566: 4563: 4559: 4556: 4552: 4549: 4545: 4544: 4542: 4540: 4536: 4529: 4525: 4522: 4518: 4515: 4511: 4508: 4504: 4501: 4497: 4494: 4490: 4487: 4486:Liechtenstein 4483: 4480: 4476: 4473: 4469: 4466: 4462: 4459: 4455: 4454: 4452: 4450: 4446: 4439: 4435: 4432: 4428: 4425: 4421: 4417: 4413: 4410: 4406: 4403: 4399: 4396: 4392: 4387: 4383: 4382: 4379: 4375: 4372: 4368: 4365: 4361: 4358: 4354: 4351: 4347: 4344: 4340: 4336: 4332: 4329: 4325: 4322: 4318: 4314: 4310: 4307: 4303: 4302: 4300: 4298: 4294: 4287: 4283: 4278: 4274: 4273: 4271: 4270:United States 4267: 4262: 4258: 4257: 4255: 4251: 4248: 4244: 4241: 4237: 4234: 4230: 4227: 4223: 4220: 4216: 4212: 4208: 4204: 4201: 4197: 4194: 4190: 4187: 4183: 4180: 4176: 4173: 4169: 4166: 4162: 4159: 4155: 4152: 4148: 4144: 4140: 4136: 4133: 4129: 4126: 4122: 4119: 4115: 4112: 4108: 4104: 4100: 4096: 4092: 4088: 4085: 4081: 4078: 4074: 4071: 4067: 4064: 4060: 4057: 4053: 4050: 4046: 4042: 4038: 4034: 4031: 4027: 4024: 4020: 4017: 4013: 4010: 4006: 4005: 4003: 4001: 3997: 3994: 3992: 3988: 3975: 3971: 3968: 3964: 3961: 3960:Comfort women 3957: 3954: 3950: 3947: 3944: / 3943: 3939: 3936: 3933: / 3932: 3929: / 3928: 3924: 3921: 3920:Camp brothels 3917: 3914: 3910: 3909: 3905: 3902: 3898: 3893: 3889: 3886: 3882: 3881: 3879: 3875: 3870: 3866: 3863: 3859: 3856: 3852: 3851: 3849: 3845: 3842: 3838: 3833: 3829: 3824: 3820: 3817: 3813: 3812: 3810: 3809:The Holocaust 3806: 3803: 3799: 3796: 3795:forced labour 3792: 3791: 3789: 3785: 3780: 3776: 3773: 3769: 3766: 3762: 3761: 3759: 3755: 3754: 3752: 3750: 3746: 3739: 3735: 3732: 3728: 3725: 3721: 3716: 3712: 3709: 3705: 3702: 3698: 3695: 3691: 3690: 3688: 3684: 3681: 3680: 3675: 3672: 3671: 3666: 3663: 3659: 3656: 3652: 3649: 3648:Marshall Plan 3645: 3642: 3641: 3636: 3633: 3629: 3626: 3622: 3619: 3615: 3612: 3608: 3605: 3601: 3598: 3594: 3591: 3587: 3584: 3580: 3579: 3577: 3575: 3571: 3564: 3560: 3555: 3551: 3550: 3548: 3544: 3541: 3537: 3532: 3528: 3525: 3521: 3518: 3514: 3513: 3511: 3507: 3502: 3501:Eastern Front 3498: 3495: 3494:Western Front 3491: 3490: 3488: 3484: 3479: 3475: 3472: 3468: 3465: 3461: 3458: 3454: 3451: 3447: 3444: 3440: 3439: 3437: 3433: 3432: 3430: 3428: 3424: 3417: 3413: 3410: 3406: 3403: 3399: 3396: 3392: 3389: 3388:Puppet states 3385: 3382: 3378: 3375: 3371: 3366: 3362: 3359: 3355: 3354: 3352: 3348: 3345: 3341: 3338: 3334: 3331: 3330:Naval history 3327: 3324: 3320: 3317: 3313: 3310: 3306: 3301: 3297: 3296: 3294: 3290: 3287: 3283: 3278: 3277:United States 3274: 3271: 3267: 3264: 3260: 3259: 3257: 3253: 3250: 3246: 3243: 3239: 3236: 3232: 3229: 3225: 3222: 3218: 3215: 3211: 3206: 3202: 3201: 3199: 3195: 3194: 3192: 3190: 3186: 3183: 3179: 3172: 3168: 3165: 3161: 3156: 3152: 3149: 3145: 3142: 3138: 3137: 3133: 3128: 3124: 3123: 3121: 3117: 3114: 3110: 3109: 3106: 3102: 3095: 3090: 3088: 3083: 3081: 3076: 3075: 3072: 3066: 3063: 3061: 3058: 3057: 3048: 3044: 3040: 3036: 3032: 3030:0-7137-1446-8 3026: 3022: 3017: 3014: 3013:3-7648-1111-0 3010: 3006: 3002: 3000: 2999:1-84212-513-3 2996: 2992: 2988: 2986: 2985:0-7090-2806-7 2982: 2978: 2974: 2972: 2971:0-9657584-3-5 2968: 2964: 2963: 2958: 2955: 2953: 2948: 2944: 2938: 2934: 2929: 2925: 2921: 2917: 2914: 2913:1-85367-280-7 2910: 2906: 2902: 2898: 2896:0-7643-0385-6 2892: 2888: 2883: 2881: 2880:0-7006-0717-X 2877: 2873: 2870: 2866: 2865:Glantz, David 2863: 2859: 2853: 2849: 2845: 2841: 2837: 2833: 2830: 2826: 2823: 2819: 2816: 2812: 2808: 2805: 2802: 2799: 2798:0-88740-581-9 2795: 2791: 2787: 2783: 2782: 2769: 2761: 2756: 2752: 2745: 2736: 2727: 2718: 2709: 2700: 2691: 2682: 2673: 2664: 2656: 2650: 2646: 2645:Russia At War 2639: 2630: 2621: 2612: 2603: 2594: 2585: 2583: 2573: 2564: 2555: 2546: 2544: 2534: 2525: 2516: 2506: 2497: 2488: 2479: 2470: 2461: 2452: 2443: 2434: 2425: 2416: 2407: 2400: 2395: 2387: 2385:9780313263903 2381: 2377: 2376: 2368: 2362:, p. 98. 2361: 2356: 2354: 2344: 2335: 2326: 2317: 2308: 2299: 2290: 2281: 2272: 2265: 2258: 2249: 2240: 2231: 2229: 2219: 2217: 2207: 2205: 2195: 2186: 2184: 2174: 2165: 2156: 2147: 2145: 2135: 2128: 2122: 2113: 2104: 2102: 2095: 2089: 2080: 2071: 2062: 2053: 2043: 2036: 2035:Willmott 1984 2031: 2024: 2019: 2010: 2003: 1997: 1988: 1979: 1977: 1975: 1973: 1963: 1954: 1945: 1936: 1927: 1918: 1909: 1907: 1897: 1888: 1879: 1877: 1867: 1865: 1863: 1853: 1851: 1849: 1847: 1842: 1835: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1824: 1818: 1816: 1812: 1807: 1805: 1800: 1796: 1791: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1770: 1768: 1762: 1760: 1757:—but not the 1756: 1745: 1741: 1737: 1733: 1731: 1725: 1717: 1708: 1704: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1675: 1670: 1663: 1659: 1657: 1647: 1643: 1635: 1628: 1626: 1625:Gniloy Tikich 1619: 1617: 1613: 1608: 1602: 1599: 1598:Gniloy Tikich 1593: 1591: 1581: 1577: 1575: 1571: 1566: 1563: 1558: 1555: 1551: 1546: 1511: 1502: 1500: 1493: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1462: 1460: 1454: 1451: 1447: 1441: 1437: 1434: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1411: 1410: 1403: 1401: 1391: 1389: 1385: 1384:6th Tank Army 1381: 1376: 1372: 1367: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1339: 1337: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1311: 1309: 1305: 1296: 1287: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1260: 1254: 1253: 1246: 1241: 1238: 1234: 1225: 1220: 1215: 1205: 1203: 1199: 1198:6th Tank Army 1195: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1169: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1154:Georgy Zhukov 1150: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1135:Theobald Lieb 1132: 1128: 1123: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1091: 1087: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1069:of the enemy 1068: 1064: 1060: 1055: 1052: 1048: 1047:Dnieper River 1044: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1023: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1009: 1005: 997: 989: 985: 972: 969: 967: 964: 962: 959: 957: 956:Uman–Botoșani 954: 952: 949: 948: 947: 946: 940: 937: 935: 932: 930: 927: 925: 922: 920: 917: 916: 915: 910: 905: 895: 890: 888: 883: 881: 876: 875: 872: 858: 855: 854: 853: 850: 848: 847: 843: 841: 838: 836: 833: 831: 828: 826: 823: 821: 818: 816: 815: 811: 809: 806: 804: 801: 799: 796: 794: 791: 789: 788: 784: 783: 779: 778: 775: 772: 770: 767: 765: 762: 760: 757: 755: 752: 750: 747: 745: 742: 740: 737: 735: 734: 730: 728: 727: 723: 721: 718: 716: 715: 711: 709: 706: 704: 701: 699: 696: 694: 691: 689: 686: 684: 681: 680: 676: 675: 672: 669: 667: 664: 662: 661: 657: 653: 650: 649: 648: 645: 643: 640: 638: 635: 633: 630: 628: 627: 623: 621: 618: 616: 613: 611: 610: 606: 604: 601: 599: 596: 594: 593: 589: 588: 584: 583: 580: 579: 578:Little Saturn 575: 573: 572: 568: 566: 565:Velikiye Luki 563: 561: 560: 556: 554: 551: 549: 546: 544: 541: 539: 538: 534: 532: 529: 527: 524: 522: 519: 517: 514: 512: 509: 507: 506: 502: 500: 497: 495: 492: 491: 487: 486: 483: 480: 478: 475: 473: 470: 468: 465: 461: 460: 456: 454: 451: 449: 446: 444: 441: 439: 436: 434: 431: 429: 426: 424: 423: 419: 417: 414: 412: 409: 407: 404: 402: 399: 397: 394: 392: 389: 387: 384: 382: 379: 377: 374: 372: 369: 368: 367: 366: 362: 361: 357: 356: 353: 350: 348: 345: 343: 340: 339: 336:Naval warfare 335: 334: 331: 326: 325:Eastern Front 318: 313: 311: 306: 304: 299: 298: 295: 281: 279: 275: 268: 262: 259: 256: 253: 250: 247: 246: 245: 239: 238: 237: 234: 233: 228: 216: 205: 199: 198: 193: 190: 186: 182: 181:Georgy Zhukov 179: 177: 175: 169: 165: 161: 157: 154: 153: 148: 145: 134: 131: 119: 118: 113: 105: 102: 101: 97: 93: 89: 85: 82: 81: 77: 74: 73: 69: 65: 59: 54: 51: 47: 46:Eastern Front 43: 38: 33: 30: 19: 6360: 6342:Bibliography 6325: 6138:Project Hula 6103:Vistula–Oder 6072: 6005: 5996: 5980: 5950: 5899: 5883: 5874: 5865: 5850: 5831: 5728: 5643: 5619: 5589: 5340: 5233: 5178:North Africa 4880:Soviet Union 4834:Soviet Union 4760:Soviet Union 4528:Vatican City 4438:Vichy France 4343:German Reich 4240:Soviet Union 4226:South Africa 4219:Sierra Leone 4172:Newfoundland 3991:Participants 3974:Marocchinate 3678: 3669: 3639: 3517:North Africa 3478:Indian Ocean 3337:Nazi plunder 3228:Cryptography 3101:World War II 3038: 3020: 3004: 2990: 2976: 2961: 2951: 2932: 2923: 2904: 2886: 2871: 2847: 2843: 2828: 2821: 2814: 2792:Ltd., 1994. 2785: 2779:Bibliography 2768: 2759: 2754: 2750: 2744: 2735: 2726: 2717: 2708: 2699: 2690: 2685:Nash, p. 366 2681: 2676:Nash, p. 398 2672: 2663: 2644: 2638: 2629: 2620: 2611: 2602: 2593: 2572: 2563: 2554: 2533: 2528:Nash, p. 308 2524: 2515: 2505: 2496: 2491:Nash, p. 300 2487: 2478: 2469: 2464:Nash, p. 283 2460: 2451: 2446:Nash, p. 280 2442: 2433: 2424: 2419:Nash, p. 287 2415: 2410:Nash, p. 258 2406: 2399:Loeffel 2012 2394: 2374: 2367: 2360:Loeffel 2012 2343: 2338:Nash, p. 369 2334: 2325: 2316: 2307: 2298: 2293:Nash, p. 198 2289: 2280: 2275:Nash, p. 194 2271: 2263: 2257: 2248: 2239: 2222:Nash, p. 162 2194: 2173: 2164: 2155: 2134: 2126: 2121: 2112: 2093: 2088: 2079: 2070: 2061: 2052: 2042: 2030: 2018: 2009: 2001: 1996: 1987: 1962: 1953: 1944: 1935: 1926: 1917: 1896: 1887: 1870:Nash, p. 382 1821: 1819: 1814: 1810: 1808: 1803: 1798: 1794: 1792: 1778: 1776: 1763: 1751: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1729: 1726: 1722: 1705: 1699:, capturing 1677: 1672: 1668: 1653: 1644: 1640: 1633: 1621: 1603: 1594: 1586: 1567: 1559: 1516: 1468: 1458: 1455: 1442: 1438: 1430: 1407: 1404: 1397: 1368: 1340: 1335: 1322: 1312: 1301: 1275: 1267: 1258: 1251: 1242: 1237:Zvenyhorodka 1229: 1208:Encirclement 1202:2nd Air Army 1170: 1151: 1124: 1097: 1094:January 1944 1088: 1063:breakthrough 1056: 1024: 1008:World War II 1003: 983: 981: 945:Second phase 944: 943: 928: 913: 844: 825:Lake Balaton 813: 798:East Prussia 787:Vistula–Oder 785: 731: 724: 712: 658: 647:2nd Smolensk 624: 608: 591: 577: 570: 557: 535: 503: 482:Air war 1941 457: 420: 396:1st Smolensk 363: 352:Arctic Ocean 277: 276: 266: 243: 235: 173: 144:Soviet Union 115:Belligerents 96:Soviet Union 50:World War II 40:Part of the 29: 6382: / 6073:Bodenplatte 5959:Gothic Line 5185:West Africa 4732:Philippines 4711:Netherlands 4576:Czech lands 4514:Switzerland 4458:Afghanistan 4409:Philippines 4277:Puerto Rico 4193:Philippines 4179:New Zealand 4165:Netherlands 4118:Free France 3869:Prosecution 3670:Osoaviakhim 3540:West Africa 3524:East Africa 3171:Conferences 2138:Nash, p. 27 1697:Dnepr River 1612:206th Rifle 1540: / 1490: [ 1487:Otto Korfes 1108:Otto Wöhler 934:Rovno–Lutsk 914:First phase 620:Gorky Blitz 615:3rd Kharkov 531:2nd Kharkov 433:1st Kharkov 428:Sea of Azov 273:50 aircraft 269:~40,000 men 263:: 4,500 men 257:: 1,000 men 251:: 4,181 men 217:336,700 men 160:Otto Wöhler 6397:Categories 6370:31°16′38″E 6367:49°25′10″N 6173:West Hunan 6006:Pointblank 5342:Silver Fox 5328:Summer War 5081:Winter War 5060:Phoney War 4841:Azerbaijan 4802:Yugoslavia 4697:Luxembourg 4539:Resistance 4286:Yugoslavia 4151:Luxembourg 3953:Sook Ching 3749:War crimes 3351:Technology 3344:Opposition 3286:Lend-Lease 3263:Australian 3256:Home front 3214:Blitzkrieg 3164:Casualties 3155:Commanders 3127:Operations 3021:June, 1944 2654:0786707224 1838:References 1711:Assessment 1701:Kryvyi Rih 1528:30°49.38′E 1525:49°15.42′N 1499:Sippenhaft 1280:Panzer III 1212:See also: 1083:halftracks 1039:Ivan Konev 924:Kirovograd 744:2nd Baltic 739:Dukla Pass 726:Doppelkopf 698:2nd Crimea 642:2nd Donbas 632:1st Donbas 609:Polar Star 559:Stalingrad 443:Sevastopol 438:1st Crimea 381:1st Baltic 365:Barbarossa 342:Baltic Sea 189:Ivan Konev 6238:Manchuria 6124:Indochina 5900:Bagration 5351:Lithuania 4996:Anschluss 4793:Viet Minh 4690:Lithuania 4632:Hong Kong 4402:Manchukuo 4357:Azad Hind 4016:Australia 3816:Aftermath 3679:Paperclip 3574:Aftermath 3374:Total war 3242:Diplomacy 3205:In Europe 1636:, p. 178. 1592:at 0630. 1259:Wallonien 1222:Sweeping 1182:52nd Army 1143:Cherkassy 996:Ukrainian 966:Polesskoe 769:Gumbinnen 714:Bagration 553:Sinyavino 537:Case Blue 422:Leningrad 347:Black Sea 287:728 tanks 206:in pocket 88:Cherkassy 6349:Category 6298:document 6208:document 6065:Ardennes 6049:Budapest 5997:Crossbow 5875:Overlord 5714:Smolensk 4932:Timeline 4767:Slovakia 4753:Thailand 4604:Ethiopia 4569:Bulgaria 4493:Portugal 4431:Thailand 4313:Bulgaria 4091:Eswatini 4084:Ethiopia 4037:Bulgaria 3862:Unit 731 3823:Response 3640:Keelhaul 3590:Cold War 3563:Americas 3554:timeline 3547:Atlantic 3427:Theaters 2922:(1970). 2807:Archived 2755:Wiking's 1783:Cold War 1630:— 1590:Lysyanka 1550:Lysyanka 1459:Germania 1313:General 1264:Estonian 1240:Armies. 1233:Lysyanka 1112:8th Army 1075:American 1051:Red Army 1006:, was a 814:Solstice 774:Budapest 764:Courland 754:Debrecen 749:Belgrade 671:2nd Kiev 543:Caucasus 516:Demyansk 477:Chechnya 411:1st Kiev 280:~80,188 261:8th Army 195:Strength 83:Location 6275:Shumshu 6042:Hungary 5989:Estonia 5973:Lapland 5951:Dragoon 5884:Neptune 5866:Ichi-Go 5832:Tempest 5774:Changde 5729:Cottage 5621:Jubilee 5337:Finland 5235:Compass 4941:Prelude 4894:Finland 4780:Vietnam 4746:Romania 4618:Germany 4597:Estonia 4583:Denmark 4562:Belgium 4555:Austria 4548:Albania 4479:Ireland 4465:Andorra 4449:Neutral 4416:Romania 4350:Hungary 4335:Finland 4207:Romania 4099:Finland 4077:Denmark 4023:Belgium 4009:Algeria 3715:Romania 3701:Hungary 3457:Pacific 3181:General 3135:Leaders 3120:Battles 3113:Outline 2125:Konev, 1687:at the 1650:Outcome 1363:Vatutin 1139:salient 1120:Dnieper 1016:Ukraine 988:Russian 808:Breslau 803:Silesia 708:Karelia 660:Dnieper 526:Bamberg 467:Finland 416:Tallinn 174:† 130:Germany 44:on the 6252:Debate 6224:Taipei 6217:Borneo 5795:Tarawa 4989:Europe 4950:Africa 4739:Poland 4725:Norway 4704:Malaya 4683:Latvia 4625:Greece 4611:France 4507:Sweden 4472:Bhutan 4200:Poland 4186:Norway 4158:Mexico 4125:Greece 4111:France 4049:Canada 4030:Brazil 4000:Allies 3946:Serbia 3935:Poland 3708:Poland 3694:Baltic 3487:Europe 3189:Topics 3141:Allied 3045: 3027: 3011: 2997: 2983: 2969: 2939: 2911: 2893: 2878: 2867:& 2854: 2796: 2751:Wiking 2651: 2510:Front. 2382: 2047:26–27. 1830: 1425:Ju 87s 1421:Ju 52s 1262:, the 1252:Wiking 1245:Stalin 1224:Soviet 1188:, the 1166:Hitler 1162:Stavka 1147:Korsun 1079:trucks 971:Odessa 852:Prague 846:Berlin 835:Vienna 652:Lenino 494:Lyuban 459:Moscow 448:Rostov 406:Odessa 278:Total: 267:Total: 170: 141: 127: 103:Result 92:Korsun 6028:Leyte 5858:Narva 5844:Anzio 5802:Makin 5760:Burma 5644:Torch 5613:Rzhev 5574:Kiska 4660:Korea 4646:Japan 4639:Italy 4521:Tibet 4500:Spain 4378:Italy 4139:Italy 4132:India 4056:China 3931:Japan 3531:Italy 3443:China 3395:Women 2846:[ 2763:120). 2760:Korps 2264:Narwa 1693:Lutsk 1494:] 1268:Narwa 1071:front 693:Narva 666:Nevel 626:Kursk 592:Iskra 521:Kholm 505:Rzhev 472:Kerch 453:Gorky 386:Brody 371:Brest 204:tanks 6094:1945 5822:1944 5663:1943 5591:Blue 5581:Attu 5488:1942 5247:1941 5099:1940 5037:1939 4966:Asia 4813:POWs 4653:Jews 4371:Iraq 4297:Axis 4247:Tuva 4063:Cuba 3148:Axis 3043:ISBN 3025:ISBN 3009:ISBN 2995:ISBN 2981:ISBN 2967:ISBN 2937:ISBN 2909:ISBN 2891:ISBN 2876:ISBN 2852:ISBN 2794:ISBN 2649:ISBN 2380:ISBN 1828:ISBN 1787:NATO 1614:and 1572:and 1570:57th 1485:and 1373:and 1357:and 1347:17th 1345:and 1343:16th 1306:and 1194:40th 1192:and 1190:27th 1081:and 1037:and 1029:and 982:The 780:1945 677:1944 585:1943 571:Mars 488:1942 401:Uman 358:1941 75:Date 64:T-26 1304:III 1110:'s 1102:'s 1027:1st 1014:in 202:59 48:of 6399:: 5842:/ 2813:. 2581:^ 2542:^ 2378:. 2352:^ 2227:^ 2215:^ 2203:^ 2182:^ 2143:^ 2100:^ 1971:^ 1905:^ 1875:^ 1861:^ 1845:^ 1806:. 1703:. 1492:de 1481:, 1329:' 1284:IV 1127:XI 1022:. 998:: 994:; 990:: 94:, 90:/ 5345:) 5339:( 4213:) 4209:( 4145:) 4141:( 4105:) 4101:( 4043:) 4039:( 3093:e 3086:t 3079:v 3049:. 3033:. 3015:. 2945:. 2915:. 2899:. 2860:. 2800:. 2657:. 2388:. 1518:( 1282:/ 986:( 893:e 886:t 879:v 316:e 309:t 302:v 20:)

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Knowledge

Battle of Korsun–Cherkassy

Index