526:. At the same time, Egyptian troops were reinforcing the coastal defenses of the city in anticipation of an attack. These events heightened tension in Alexandria, and eventually triggered tumultuous rioting with loss of life on both sides. As a result of the riots, an ultimatum was sent to the Egyptian government demanding they order Urabi's officers in Alexandria to dismantle their coastal defence batteries. The Egyptian government refused. Meanwhile, tension increased between Britain and France over the crisis, as most of the losses had been non-French, the principal European beneficiaries of the revolution would be the French. Thus, the French government refused to support this ultimatum and decided against armed intervention.
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the haste with which Urabi's forces had prepared their defences, there were no obstacles in front of them to disrupt the attackers. Several groups stood and fought, mainly the
Sudanese troops in the front of the Highland Brigade, but those not overwhelmed in the first rush were forced to retreat. In the end, it was a crushing defeat for the Egyptians. Official British figures gave a total of 57 British troops killed. Approximately two thousand Egyptians died. The British army had more casualties due to heatstroke than enemy action.
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606:, upon knowing of Urabi's intentions, assured him the British would never risk damaging the canal, and would avoid involving it in operations at all costs according to Lutsky, he even "gave his word of honour to Urabi not to permit the landing of British troops in the Canal Zone, and Urabi trusted de Lesseps. By so doing, Urabi committed a grave military and political mistake". 'Urabi listened to his advice and did not block the canal, leaving it open for an invasion by British forces.
266:
667:. The exact circumstances of his capture are unclear - according to one account, he had changed into civilian clothes due to the heat, and had gone for a walk accompanied by only one other officer when he was ambushed by a group of British cavalrymen. The loss of Fehmy was "a blow to the defence of Tel-el-Kebir for which there was no remedy", for the highly-regarded General had only recently arrived to oversee the construction of fortifications at the site.
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night, which made it possible for an attacking force to approach the defences under cover of darkness. Rather than make an outflanking movement around Urabi's entrenchments, which would involve a long march through waterless desert, or undertake formal bombardment and assault, Wolseley planned to approach the position by night and attack frontally at dawn, hoping to achieve surprise.
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on the canal. The defences were hastily prepared, but included trenches and redoubts. Urabi's forces possessed 60 pieces of artillery and breech loading rifles. Wolseley made several personal reconnaissances, and determined that the
Egyptians did not man outposts in front of their main defences at
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The
British advance was shielded from view by the smoke from the Egyptian artillery and rifles. Arriving in the trenches at the same time, all along the line, the resulting battle was over within an hour. Most of the Egyptian soldiers were tired from having stood on the alert all night. Because of
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At 5:45 a.m. Wolseley's troops were six hundred yards from the entrenchments and dawn was just breaking, when
Egyptian sentries saw them and fired. The first shots were followed by multiple volleys from the entrenchments and by the artillery. British troops, led by the Highland Brigade on the left
538:
and by 7:10, the entire fleet was engaged. The coastal defenses returned fire soon after, with minimal effect and minimal casualties to the
British fleet. No British ships were sunk. On July 13, a large naval force landed in the city. Despite heavy resistance from the garrison for several hours,
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Wolseley began his advance from
Ismailia on the night of 12 September, with two infantry divisions and a cavalry brigade. A brigade of Indian troops covered the flank on the southern bank of the Sweetwater Canal. The approach march of the main forces was made easier because the desert west of
723:
British cavalry pursued the broken enemy towards Cairo, which was undefended. Power was then restored to the khedive, the war was at an end and the majority of the
British Army went to Alexandria and took ship for home, leaving from November, just an army of occupation.
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Kassassin was almost flat and unobstructed, making it look like a gigantic parade ground. Even though there were repeated halts to maintain dressing and alignment, the
British troops reached the Egyptian position at the time Wolseley intended.
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had been following the infantry and were encamped 4 miles (6.4 km) away. When the cavalry arrived, the
British went onto the offensive and causing heavy casualties on the Egyptians, forced them to retreat 5 miles (8.0 km).
601:
Wolseley then decided to approach Cairo from a different route. He resolved to attack from the direction of the Suez canal. 'Urabi knew that
Wolseley's only other approach to Cairo was from the canal, and he wanted to block it.
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When the ultimatum was ignored, Admiral Seymour gave the order for the Royal Navy to bombard the Egyptian gun emplacements at Alexandria. On July 11 at 7:00 am, the first shell was fired on Fort Adda by
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on 28 August. The British troops were caught by surprise, as they did not expect an attack. Fighting was intense but the two British battalions, with their 4 artillery pieces, held their position.
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At around the same time as the first battle at Kassassin, the British scored a major success with the capture of the Egyptian chief military engineer, General
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Ismailia was quickly reinforced with 9,000 troops, with the engineers put to work repairing the railway line from Suez. A small force was pushed along the
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between Cairo and Alexandria and prepared very substantial defences. There, attacks by British troops were repelled for five weeks at the
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was placed in charge of a large force with the aim of destroying Urabi's regime and restoring the nominal authority of the
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A further attack by Egyptian forces at Kassassin was repulsed and the Egyptians retired to their lines to build defences.
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the overwhelming firepower of the smaller British forces eventually forced the Egyptian troops to withdraw from the city.
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When Wolseley had arrived at Alexandria on 15 August he immediately began to organise the movement of troops through the
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flank, and the 2nd Brigade on the right flank with the Guards Brigade (commanded by Queen Victoria's third son,
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617:. This was accomplished so quickly, Ismailia was occupied on 20 August without resistance.
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against Wolseley. His main force dug in at Tel El Kebir, north of the railway and the
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The Scramble for Africa: White Man's Conquest of the Dark Continent from 1876 to 1912
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765:"The National Archives - Exhibitions & Learning online - British Battles"
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636:'Urabi attempted to repel the advance and attacked the British forces near
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Tawfiq. The total force was 24,000 British troops, which concentrated in
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475:(often spelled Tel-El-Kebir) was fought on 13 September 1882 at
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On May 20, 1882, a combined Franco–British fleet arrived at
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directly from Alexandria. 'Urabi deployed his troops at
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Battle between Egyptian army and British military (1882)
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A Tidy Little War: The British Invasion of Egypt, 1882
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the Secret History of the English Occupation of Egypt
487:. An entrenched Egyptian force under the command of
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
793:Reproduction of official British casualty figures
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1112:Battle honours of the King's Royal Rifle Corps
909:. Chatham: The Institution of Royal Engineers.
907:History of the Corps of Royal Engineers Vol II
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643:The British Heavy Cavalry, composed of the
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512:Bombardment and invasion of Alexandria
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735:for his gallantry during the battle.
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1092:Battles involving the United Kingdom
939:. T. Fisher Unwin. pp. 415–416.
883:Modern History of the Arab Countries
808:. Osprey Publishing. pp. 85–86.
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
965:Sir Garnet Wolseley: Victorian Hero
679:Tell El Kebir by Henri Louis Dupray
24:
905:Porter, Maj Gen Whitworth (1889).
745:History of Egypt under the British
483:, 110 km north-north-east of
162:Alphonse-Marie-Adolphe de Neuville
25:
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691:, both of which linked Cairo to
683:'Urabi had redeployed to defend
518:Bombardment of Alexandria (1882)
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1033:The Victorian Soldier in Africa
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45:needs additional citations for
1102:Egypt–United Kingdom relations
933:Blunt, Wilfrid Scawen (1907).
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729:William Mordaunt Marsh Edwards
581:Wolseley first tried to reach
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1012:Featherstone, Donald (1993).
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848:Harper Collins, 1992. p. 114
804:Featherstone, Donald (1993).
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632:Egyptian attack at Kassassin
628:lock arriving on 26 August.
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1035:. Manchester Univ. Press.
859:"Kafr el Dawwar surrender"
782:. Spellmount. p. 229.
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1031:Spiers, Edward M (2004).
993:Pakenham, Edward (1992).
963:Kochanski, Halik (1999).
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330:18,000 troops (estimates)
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69:"Battle of Tell El Kebir"
1050:Wright, William (2009).
778:Wright, William (2009).
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659:Capture of Mahmoud Fehmy
591:Battle of Kafr El Dawwar
350:800 killed and wounded
1087:Battles involving Egypt
995:The Scramble for Africa
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473:Battle of Tel El Kebir
291:Commanders and leaders
157:Battle of Tel el-Kebir
137:Battle of Tel El Kebir
18:Battle of Tel El Kebir
1117:September 1882 events
1016:. Osprey Publishing.
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382:Location within Egypt
337:Casualties and losses
604:Ferdinand de Lesseps
379:class=notpageimage|
54:improve this article
558:Lieutenant General
443:American expedition
211: /
844:Pakenham, Thomas.
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649:7th Dragoon Guards
597:Securing the canal
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551:Photograph of HMS
501:Anglo-Egyptian War
491:was defeated by a
425:Anglo-Egyptian War
285:Khedivate of Egypt
144:Anglo-Egyptian War
1097:Conflicts in 1882
1014:Tel el Kebir 1882
967:. A&C Black.
806:Tel El-Kebir 1882
780:A Tidy Little War
645:Household Cavalry
622:Sweet Water Canal
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215:30.667°N 31.933°E
175:13 September 1882
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43:This article
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1107:Urabi revolt
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867:. Retrieved
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536: (1875)
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495:army led by
489:Ahmed ʻUrabi
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314:Ahmed ‘Urabi
248:
243:Belligerents
160:painting by
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52:Please help
47:verification
44:
727:Lieutenant
344:380 wounded
218: /
1076:Categories
997:. Abacus.
986:References
869:2012-11-05
611:Suez Canal
524:Alexandria
507:Background
438:Alexandria
346:22 missing
332:60-75 guns
190:Canal Zone
80:newspapers
1067:OnWar.com
953:, p. 416.
923:, p. 195.
638:Kassassin
626:Kassassin
553:Alexandra
534:Alexandra
532:HMS
453:Kassassin
342:57 killed
186:Kassassin
919:Wright,
835:, p. 229
831:Wright,
822:, p. 255
818:Wright,
739:See also
693:Ismailia
647:and the
615:Ismaïlia
320:Strength
180:Location
142:Part of
949:Blunt,
624:to the
564:Khedive
543:Prelude
493:British
327:60 guns
206:31°56′E
203:30°40′N
94:scholar
1039:
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671:Battle
572:Cyprus
269:
231:Result
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67:
751:Notes
685:Cairo
583:Cairo
568:Malta
485:Cairo
481:Egypt
272:India
194:Egypt
184:near
101:JSTOR
87:books
1037:ISBN
1018:ISBN
999:ISBN
969:ISBN
576:Aden
570:and
471:The
172:Date
73:news
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56:by
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