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fashion, could not have struck much of the French army—and there were reports that
Napoleon himself was at times under artillery fire. The first battery defended the entrance to the Somosierra pass, the next two covered the pass at its angles and the fourth, only, stood by the heights. It was assumed that all batteries had four cannons, and later theories that the pass was too narrow for that to be possible should be treated as legends. 13th Bulletin of the Army of Spain mentioned that chevau-légers were commanded by Gen.
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killed by his own men. French patrols reached the outskirts of Madrid on 1 December. The Junta made a half-hearted and futile attempt to defend the capital, and on 4 December a devastating French artillery barrage brought the
Spanish defence to grief. Spaniards surrendered their remaining 2,500 regulars; the 20,000 civilians under their banner dispersed; and the French entered Madrid for the second time that year.
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796:, reservists and various regular regiments still reeling from earlier defeats – in all about 12,000 men – to defend Madrid. In order to screen the many approaches to the city, San Juan dispersed his already greatly outnumbered forces. Under his orders, 9,000 men were sent west to guard the Guadarrama pass while 3,000 occupied an advanced post at
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found themselves under fire from the second battery, they had no choice but to press the attack, as the horses went to the highest speed and were unable to stop. They took the second and third batteries but only a few chevaux-légers reached the last battery, and the
Spanish attempted to recapture it.
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San Juan raced his army back to Madrid. Although the victory at
Somosierra was more accurately the result of a combined infantry and cavalry attack, with the infantry bearing the heavier fighting, later accounts – Napoleon's included – placed all the emphasis on the Polish charge. San Juan was later
893:
Some authors have assumed that
Napoleon had gone out of his mind in ordering the Poles to charge batteries of 16 cannon over several kilometers of extremely difficult terrain. Others however, think Napoleon ordered only the closest battery to be taken, in order to open the way for his infantry, and
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escort squadron of 125 men to charge the
Spaniards and their fortified artillery batteries. To that number must be added members of other squadrons, totaling some 450 men, but these entered the battle later. The charge of 125 against the batteries was joined by Niegolewski's platoon returning from
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and, in effect, the retreat of the whole army. Spanish artillerymen preferred to die rather than abandon their position – but no Polish account mentioned any fight with
Spanish militia. Militiamen just left their position after seeing how seemingly easily the Poles took the artillery positions –
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to resume the attack and drive the
Spaniards from the Pass. Łubieński tried to give himself the whole glory, minimizing the role of the third squadron (while Niegolewski tried to show that he had taken the cannons and Łubieński had therefore had it easy, as the Spanish were shooting at him "with
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Benito de San Juan had 16 cannons at his disposal, arranged in four batteries. Some accounts, based mostly on recollections of French officers, assume that the
Spaniards placed all their guns at the peak of Somosierra pass. However, with a range of 600–800 metres, the cannons, deployed in this
1009:
The 13th bulletin of the Army of Spain mentioned the lead role of the Polish chevaux-légers. Only a cavalry charge was able to take all four batteries, even if French infantry was close enough to press their attack, and caused the en-masse retreat of
Spanish
815:. On the morning of 30 November, Napoleon advanced his infantry directly toward the pass while small detachments crept up the flanks. Exchanging musket volleys with the defenders, the French made slow but measurable progress toward the enemy guns.
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953:. The charge that continued to the last battery was led by Niegolewski, who miraculously survived a fierce attack by Spanish troops – he received nine wounds from bayonets and two carbine shots to the head.
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919:, one of the French tutors of the unit, stressed in their accounts that such was not the case. Datancourt mentioned that Montbrun in conversations with him had laughed at that idea. Yet French historian
949:, who had previously been on reconnaissance with his soldiers. The charge was continued under Dziewanowski, and when he fell from his horse after taking the third battery he was replaced by
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343:
807:, the Jaén and Irlanda Regiments and the 1st Battalion of the Seville Volunteers repulsed a French attack by the two Fusilier Regiments of the Middle Guard commanded by General
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in his memoirs wrote that he had commanded the charge, but his accounts were often described as unreliable and, again, both Dautancourt and the Poles denied his role in it.
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at the Spanish guns while French infantry advanced up the slopes. The victory removed the last obstacle barring the road to Madrid, which fell several days later.
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800:, leaving only 9,000 men and 16 guns on the heights of Somosierra. The nature of the terrain and the tenacity of the Spaniards initially worked in their favor.
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Because the Spanish forces could not easily be outflanked by infantry movement, and Napoleon was impatient to proceed, he ordered his
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811:. The Spanish were forced to withdraw in the gathering darkness when their cavalry was defeated by the cavalry brigade of General
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792:. To complete his reconquest of Spain, Napoleon advanced on Madrid with 40,000 men. General San Juan mustered an ad hoc army of
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The charge was led by Kozietulski, but he lost his horse after taking the first battery. The squadron was then joined by Lt.
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mountain pass, 60 miles (97 km) north of Madrid, a heavily outnumbered Spanish detachment of regulars, volunteers and
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gave him the honor of leading the charge, which caused a protest by surviving Polish participants of the battle. Maj.
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According to many memoirs of veterans of the battle, Kozietulski led his men in a charge with the official cry
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aimed to block Napoleon's advance on the Spanish capital. Napoleon overwhelmed the Spanish positions in a
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reconnaissance. It is not clear, however, whether the number included only front-line troops (
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Nieuważny, Andrzej (2006). "Najpiękniejsza z szarż (The Most Beautiful of Cavalry charges)".
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that Kozietulski had misunderstood the order. No matter – once the charge had begun, and the
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On the evening of 28 November the brigade at Sepúlveda made up of the 3rd Battalion of the
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It was then that Napoleon saw his chance and immediately committed the other squadrons.
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however, in the smoke they could not see just how few Poles were on the top.
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960:. However, popular legend has it that the true battle cry was the Polish
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915:. However, both Polish charge participants mentioned above and Lt. Col.
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835:) or all the soldiers in the units. Napoleon issued no written orders.
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839:, who commanded the 3rd squadron that day, mentioned that he called, "
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1067:, 1810, oil on canvas. Madrid fell in the aftermath of Somosierra.
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Myrbach painting shows Napoleon conferring with some of the Poles.
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forced a passage through a Spanish Division stationed at the
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ended successfully with the French occupation of Madrid.
1284:
1220:. Warszawa: Wydawnictwa Ministerstwa Obrony Narodowej.
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When the fourth battery was taken Napoleon ordered his
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The next battle Napoleon commanded personally was the
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Unit registers showed that the squadron numbered 125.
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Somosierra 30. November 1808. Durchbruch nach Madrid
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1364:(in German). Potsdam: Edition König und Vaterland.
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998:, part of an unfinished panorama of the battle by
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1287:Guerra de Independencia Historia Militar Vol III
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1084:, with the inscription "SOMOSIERRA 30 XI 1808".
1080:The Battle of Somosierra is commemorated on the
788:had overwhelmed and destroyed both wings of the
3641:England expects that every man will do his duty
1239:Militär-historisches Kriegs-Lexikon (1618-1905)
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847:!") and, passing the little bridge, added, "
710:took place on 30 November 1808, during the
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16:1808 Battle of the Peninsular War in Spain
1330:"Batalla de Somosierra - Entre 1809-1810"
1293:
1188:
76:Learn how and when to remove this message
3733:Battles inscribed on the Arc de Triomphe
1215:
1176:
1055:
990:
929:
901:
857:
39:This article includes a list of general
1254:
1152:
966:Forward dammit, the Emperor is watching
213:
3685:
1787:Planned invasion of the United Kingdom
1285:Gómez de Arteche y Moro, José (1878).
1234:
1140:
3469:Spanish American wars of independence
1445:
1359:
1308:
1164:
1075:
978:and the 1st squadron of Poles led by
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25:
3454:Franco-Swedish War (Pomeranian War)
1471:
1082:Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, Warsaw
1033:Moore was killed at the end of the
782:. By late November 1808 the French
13:
1353:
738:from direct French attack. At the
726:force under the direct command of
45:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
3744:
1392:
986:
851:" (Forward, long live the Emperor
3329:Frederick William III of Prussia
3309:Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly
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962:Naprzód psiekrwie, Cesarz patrzy
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3449:Russo-Swedish War (Finnish War)
3379:Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies
1209:
3364:Prince Regent John of Portugal
3274:Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
3219:Frederick Augustus I of Saxony
3214:Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria
1106:
1094:Timeline of the Peninsular War
358:Napoleon's campaign, 1808–1809
1:
3703:Battles of the Peninsular War
3389:Prince Charles John of Sweden
1119:
770:
1255:Esdaile, Charles J. (2003).
1028:Napoleon's invasion of Spain
1022:
913:Louis Pierre, Count Montbrun
776:Napoleon's invasion of Spain
7:
1371:"Battle of Somosierra Pass"
1087:
10:
3749:
3718:Military history of Madrid
3224:Frederick I of Württemberg
1594:Confederation of the Rhine
1037:, that commenced with the
849:En avant, Vive l'Empereur!
113:La bataille de Somo-Sierra
18:
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3384:Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden
3374:William, Prince of Orange
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3184:Pierre-Charles Villeneuve
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1997:
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1805:
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1644:
1545:
1536:
1513:French Invasion of Russia
1479:
1216:Bielecki, Robert (1989).
1051:
888:National Museum in Cracow
843:" ("Light cavalry at the
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365:
307:
294:
252:
196:
122:
105:
97:
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19:For the 1936 battle, see
3713:Battles involving Poland
3294:Archduke John of Austria
3289:Prince von Schwarzenberg
3134:Louis-Alexandre Berthier
1434:Second siege of Zaragoza
1309:Regan, Geoffrey (2000).
1099:
390:Battle of Burgos/Gamonal
3708:Battles involving Spain
3229:Frederick VI of Denmark
3179:Jean-Baptiste Bessières
1969:Greater Poland uprising
1792:Duc d'Enghien Execution
1369:Napoleonistyka (2020).
1311:Great military blunders
1235:Bodart, Gaston (1908).
1046:Battle of Teugen-Hausen
886:, dim. 106 cm x 71 cm,
60:more precise citations.
3349:Ferdinand VII of Spain
1797:Coronation of Napoleon
1263:. Palgrave MacMillan.
1068:
1006:
976:Chasseurs of the Guard
942:
907:
890:
778:had started with the
253:Commanders and leaders
3636:Conference of Dresden
3545:Paris (February 1812)
3474:Swedish–Norwegian War
3299:Alexander I of Russia
1427:Battle of Somosierra
1360:Bauer, Frank (2008).
1059:
994:
933:
905:
861:
466:: Napoleon's invasion
308:Casualties and losses
188:Franco-Polish victory
3728:November 1808 events
3590:Fontainebleau (1814)
3144:Louis-Nicolas Davout
2065:Invasion of Portugal
1407:at Wikimedia Commons
1405:Battle of Somosierra
790:Spanish popular army
754:attack, sending the
732:Sierra de Guadarrama
708:Battle of Somosierra
700: current battle
277:Jan Leon Kozietulski
93:Battle of Somosierra
21:Battle of Guadarrama
3616:Bourbon Restoration
3359:Maria I of Portugal
3344:Prince of Hohenlohe
3334:Gebhard von Blücher
2277:Neumarkt-Sankt Veit
1584:Swiss Confederation
1328:Somosierra (2021).
1061:Surrender of Madrid
947:Andrzej Niegolewski
939:January Suchodolski
841:Lekka jazda kłusem!
165: /
144:Province of Segovia
3631:Continental System
3626:Congress of Erfurt
3550:Paris (March 1812)
3324:Peter Wittgenstein
3249:Duke of Wellington
3204:Prince Poniatowski
3169:Jean-de-Dieu Soult
3154:Auguste de Marmont
2549:Arroyo dos Molinos
2397:Walcheren Campaign
2387:Armistice of Znaim
2282:Dalmatian Campaign
2207:Tyrolean Rebellion
1259:The Peninsular War
1076:In popular culture
1069:
1048:on 19 April 1809.
1039:Battle of Cardedeu
1007:
943:
917:Pierre Dautancourt
908:
891:
748:Benito de San Juan
728:Napoleon Bonaparte
714:, when a combined
289:Benito de San Juan
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3679:
3676:
3675:
3668:Types of military
3464:Russo-Turkish War
3459:Russo-Persian War
3427:Anglo-Turkish War
3422:Anglo-Swedish War
3417:Anglo-Spanish War
3412:Anglo-Russian War
3339:Duke of Brunswick
3242:political leaders
3122:political leaders
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3105:
2111:Medina de Rioseco
1833:Haslach-Jungingen
1767:French Revolution
1744:
1743:
1527:Seventh Coalition
1440:
1439:
1430:Succeeded by
1403:Media related to
1379:on 6 October 2020
1320:978-0-7522-1844-1
1065:Antoine-Jean Gros
970:word of Cambronne
925:Philippe de Ségur
876:Piotr Michałowski
780:Battle of Zornoza
734:, which shielded
458:
457:
415:1st Molins de Rei
320:
319:
192:
191:
86:
85:
78:
3740:
3444:Dano-Swedish War
3432:Anglo-Danish War
3284:Archduke Charles
3199:Jérôme Bonaparte
3115:
3114:
3048:Castel di Sangro
2957:Fère-Champenoise
2610:García Hernández
2524:Fuentes de Oñoro
2040:Guttstadt-Deppen
1777:Second Coalition
1755:
1754:
1736:French Royalists
1543:
1542:
1492:Fourth Coalition
1466:
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1442:
1418:Battle of Tudela
1414:Preceded by
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1373:. Archived from
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1340:on 14 March 2022
1336:. Archived from
1334:sites.google.com
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1035:Corunna campaign
1004:Michał Wywiórski
980:Tomasz Łubieński
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56:this article by
47:inline citations
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3698:Battles in 1808
3693:Cavalry charges
3683:
3682:
3681:
3672:
3599:
3483:
3404:
3398:
3354:Miguel de Álava
3319:Pyotr Bagration
3314:Count Bennigsen
3304:Mikhail Kutuzov
3269:Thomas Cochrane
3241:
3239:
3233:
3194:Louis Bonaparte
3121:
3119:
3118:French and ally
3102:
2986:
2902:Château-Thierry
2865:
2729:
2700:Maloyaroslavets
2558:
2472:
2426:
2217:Yevenes/Yébenes
2175:
2091:Rosily Squadron
2069:
1993:
1959:Waren-Nossentin
1887:
1818:Cape Finisterre
1801:
1772:First Coalition
1750:
1740:
1647:
1640:
1551:
1547:
1538:
1532:
1520:Sixth Coalition
1506:Fifth Coalition
1485:Third Coalition
1475:
1473:Napoleonic Wars
1470:
1431:
1426:
1424:Napoleonic Wars
1415:
1395:
1382:
1380:
1356:
1354:Further reading
1343:
1341:
1321:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1245:
1243:
1228:
1218:Somosierra 1808
1212:
1207:
1201:Somosierra 2021
1199:
1195:
1187:
1183:
1175:
1171:
1163:
1159:
1151:
1147:
1139:
1126:
1122:
1117:
1116:
1111:
1107:
1102:
1090:
1078:
1054:
1025:
1000:Wojciech Kossak
989:
958:Vive l'Empereur
951:Piotr Krasiński
837:Jan Kozietulski
821:
773:
704:
703:
702:
701:
697:
694:
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689:
687:
680:
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675:
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583:
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506:
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491:
489:
485:
482:
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467:
459:
454:
361:
357:
353:
352:
350:
283:
281:
269:
268:
260:
258:
241:
239:
235:Duchy of Warsaw
227:
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216:
214:
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204:
202:
173:
171:
167:
164:
159:
156:
154:
152:
151:
150:
140:Somosierra Pass
111:
82:
71:
65:
62:
52:Please help to
51:
35:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3746:
3736:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3678:
3677:
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3673:
3671:
3670:
3665:
3663:Longwood House
3660:
3659:
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3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
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3408:
3406:
3400:
3399:
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3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3369:Count of Feira
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3264:Horatio Nelson
3261:
3256:
3251:
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3243:
3235:
3234:
3232:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3174:Marshal Victor
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
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3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3125:
3123:
3112:
3108:
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3101:
3100:
3095:
3090:
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3075:
3070:
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3050:
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3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2994:
2992:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2952:Arcis-sur-Aube
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
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2873:
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2798:
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2728:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2695:Venta del Pozo
2692:
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2677:
2672:
2667:
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2657:
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2647:
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2637:
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2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2570:Ciudad Rodrigo
2566:
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2486:
2480:
2478:
2474:
2473:
2471:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2448:Ciudad Rodrigo
2445:
2440:
2434:
2432:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2424:
2422:Alba de Tormes
2419:
2414:
2409:
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2399:
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2379:
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2329:
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2322:Aspern-Essling
2319:
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2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2001:
1999:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1924:Jena–Auerstedt
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1895:
1893:
1889:
1888:
1886:
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1698:
1696:Ottoman Empire
1693:
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1663:
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1656:United Kingdom
1652:
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1642:
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1633:
1628:
1626:Ottoman Empire
1623:
1621:Denmark–Norway
1618:
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1611:
1606:
1601:
1591:
1586:
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1576:
1571:
1566:
1564:Polish Legions
1561:
1555:
1553:
1540:
1534:
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1530:
1523:
1516:
1509:
1502:
1499:Peninsular War
1495:
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1469:
1468:
1461:
1454:
1446:
1438:
1437:
1428:
1421:
1409:
1408:
1394:
1393:External links
1391:
1390:
1389:
1366:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1350:
1325:
1319:
1306:
1297:Rzeczpospolita
1291:
1282:
1269:
1252:
1232:
1226:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1205:
1193:
1189:Nieuważny 2006
1181:
1169:
1157:
1155:, p. 109.
1145:
1143:, p. 391.
1123:
1121:
1118:
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1089:
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1077:
1074:
1053:
1050:
1024:
1021:
988:
987:Charge effects
985:
921:Adolphe Thiers
896:chevaux-légers
827:Chevaux-Légers
820:
817:
805:Walloon Guards
772:
769:
765:Imperial Guard
712:Peninsular War
696:
695:
688:
681:
676:
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464:Peninsular war
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355:Peninsular War
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318:
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297:
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255:
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237:
199:
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182:
181:
174:41.150; -3.583
138:
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119:
103:
102:
100:Peninsular War
95:
94:
84:
83:
38:
36:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3745:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3723:1808 in Spain
3721:
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3716:
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3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
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3629:
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3624:
3622:
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3612:
3609:
3608:
3606:
3604:Miscellaneous
3602:
3596:
3593:
3591:
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3581:
3578:
3576:
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3568:
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3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
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3401:
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3362:
3360:
3357:
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3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3279:Manuel Lapeña
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3246:
3244:
3236:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3209:Prince Eugène
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3159:André Masséna
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3139:Joachim Murat
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3126:
3124:
3116:
3113:
3109:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3083:Rocheserviere
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
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3034:
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3026:
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3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2989:
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2797:
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2782:
2779:
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2774:
2772:
2771:San Sebastián
2769:
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2332:Sankt Michael
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2247:Teugen-Hausen
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2240:
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2159:
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2011:
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1304:(2006–05–27).
1303:
1300:(in Polish).
1299:
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1270:9781403962317
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1227:83-11-07620-0
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3651:Grande Armée
3611:Bibliography
3595:Paris (1815)
3555:Paris (1814)
3540:Paris (1810)
3520:Finckenstein
3495:Campo Formio
3254:Rowland Hill
3240:military and
3120:military and
3093:Rocquencourt
2962:Saint-Dizier
2932:Bar-sur-Aube
2887:Mincio River
2382:Schöngrabern
2161:2nd Zaragoza
2155:
2101:1st Zaragoza
2055:Stralsund II
1904:Campo Tenese
1878:Schöngrabern
1863:Cape Ortegal
1813:Diamond Rock
1691:Papal States
1525:
1518:
1511:
1504:
1497:
1490:
1483:
1432:
1423:
1416:
1381:. Retrieved
1376:the original
1361:
1342:. Retrieved
1338:the original
1333:
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1286:
1274:. Retrieved
1258:
1244:. Retrieved
1238:
1217:
1210:Bibliography
1196:
1184:
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1153:Esdaile 2003
1148:
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785:Grande Armée
783:
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707:
705:
430:2nd Zaragoza
404:
197:Belligerents
112:
98:Part of the
87:
72:
63:
44:
3479:War of 1812
3437:Gunboat War
3394:Louis XVIII
3149:Jean Lannes
3063:Quatre Bras
3053:San Germano
3003:Occhiobello
2892:Champaubert
2882:La Rothière
2806:San Marcial
2690:2nd Polotsk
2655:1st Polotsk
2640:Majadahonda
2580:Villagarcia
2509:Campo Maior
2297:Piave River
2222:Ciudad Real
2212:Villafranca
2081:Dos de Mayo
2030:Stralsund I
1782:18 Brumaire
1716:Netherlands
1614:Württemberg
1313:. 4 Books.
1141:Bodart 1908
983:candies").
172: /
58:introducing
3687:Categories
3621:Casualties
3535:Schönbrunn
3510:Artlenburg
3259:John Moore
3164:Michel Ney
3033:Scapezzano
3023:Cesenatico
2967:Montmartre
2897:Montmirail
2831:Wartenburg
2786:Großbeeren
2645:Gorodechno
2635:Klyastitsy
2615:Saltanovka
2504:Casal Novo
2377:Hollabrunn
2362:Korneuburg
2156:Somosierra
2060:Copenhagen
1883:Austerlitz
1873:Dürenstein
1609:Westphalia
1552:and allies
1165:Regan 2000
1120:References
1014:irregular
1012:Andalusian
996:The Charge
935:Somosierra
868:Somosierra
771:Background
740:Somosierra
605:Somosierra
405:Somosierra
266:Napoleon I
41:references
3585:Casalanza
3560:Tauroggen
3515:Pressburg
3500:Lunéville
3405:conflicts
3238:Coalition
3088:La Suffel
3038:Tolentino
2922:Montereau
2907:Vauchamps
2856:Bornhöved
2811:Dennewitz
2756:Tarragona
2705:Chashniki
2605:Salamanca
2529:Tarragona
2453:Barquilla
2407:Almonacid
2367:Stockerau
2337:Stralsund
2307:2nd Porto
2287:Ebelsberg
2257:Abensberg
2227:1st Porto
2187:Castellón
2171:Benavente
2136:Valmaseda
2050:Friedland
2045:Heilsberg
2015:Ostrołęka
2005:Mohrungen
1939:Magdeburg
1868:Amstetten
1853:Trafalgar
1838:Elchingen
1823:Wertingen
1721:Brunswick
1646:Coalition
1023:Aftermath
798:Sepúlveda
744:artillery
445:Cacabelos
435:Castellón
425:Benavente
380:Valmaseda
370:Barcelona
3656:Uniforms
3570:Chaumont
3488:Treaties
3189:Joseph I
3129:Napoleon
3073:Waterloo
3013:Casaglia
2977:Toulouse
2861:Sehested
2836:Bidassoa
2816:2nd Kulm
2801:1st Kulm
2791:Katzbach
2781:Sorauren
2776:Pyrenees
2741:Castalla
2725:Berezina
2715:Smoliani
2685:Tarutino
2670:Borodino
2660:Valutino
2650:Smolensk
2620:Ostrovno
2590:Maguilla
2554:Valencia
2544:Saguntum
2392:Talavera
2272:Ratisbon
2262:Landshut
2237:Bergisel
2232:Medellín
2146:Espinosa
2106:Valencia
1979:Czarnowo
1949:Pasewalk
1944:Prenzlau
1919:Saalfeld
1858:Caldiero
1828:Günzburg
1706:Sardinia
1681:Portugal
1088:See also
576:Zaragoza
494:125miles
440:Mansilla
410:Cardedeu
395:Espinosa
295:Strength
135:Location
115:, 1810,
66:May 2023
3403:Related
2982:Bayonne
2947:Craonne
2917:Mormant
2877:Brienne
2851:Nivelle
2841:Leipzig
2796:Dresden
2766:Vitoria
2751:Bautzen
2720:Krasnoi
2665:Mesoten
2625:Vitebsk
2585:Almaraz
2575:Badajoz
2534:Albuera
2519:Almeida
2514:Sabugal
2499:Redinha
2489:Barrosa
2468:Bussaco
2463:Almeida
2443:Astorga
2412:Tamames
2372:Gefrees
2327:Alcañiz
2267:Eckmühl
2197:Corunna
2166:Sahagún
2131:Zornoza
2126:Vimeiro
2096:Cabezón
2020:Kolberg
1989:Pułtusk
1984:Golymin
1974:Hamelin
1954:Stettin
1914:Schleiz
1759:Prelude
1751:battles
1726:Hanover
1671:Prussia
1661:Austria
1599:Bavaria
1579:Etruria
1574:Holland
1546:France,
1539:gerents
1016:militia
872:picture
825:Polish
813:Lasalle
794:militia
763:of the
720:Spanish
673:Zornoza
499:Corunna
450:Corunna
420:Sahagún
375:Zornoza
157:41°09′N
54:improve
3580:Mantua
3530:Cintra
3525:Tilsit
3505:Amiens
3043:Ancona
3028:Pesaro
2998:Panaro
2927:Orthez
2912:Garris
2826:Roßlau
2821:Göhrde
2761:Luckau
2746:Lützen
2710:Vyazma
2680:Burgos
2675:Moscow
2630:Kobryn
2539:Usagre
2494:Pombal
2484:Gebora
2357:Wagram
2317:Tarvis
2292:Girona
2252:Raszyn
2242:Sacile
2151:Tudela
2141:Burgos
2121:Roliça
2116:Bailén
2035:Mileto
2025:Danzig
1964:Lübeck
1929:Erfurt
1848:Verona
1731:Nassau
1711:Sweden
1701:Persia
1686:Sicily
1666:Russia
1648:forces
1631:Persia
1604:Saxony
1589:Naples
1559:France
1537:Belli-
1383:17 May
1344:17 May
1317:
1276:17 May
1267:
1246:17 May
1224:
1052:Madrid
968:. Cf.
941:, 1860
864:Battle
833:sabres
819:Battle
809:Savary
756:Polish
746:under
736:Madrid
724:Polish
716:Franco
698:
615:Tudela
400:Tudela
303:12,000
220:
210:France
185:Result
160:3°35′W
43:, but
3646:Films
3078:Wavre
3068:Ligny
3058:Gaeta
3018:Ronco
3008:Carpi
2972:Paris
2942:Reims
2846:Hanau
2438:Cádiz
2417:Ocaña
2402:Ölper
2347:María
2312:Wörgl
2302:Grijó
2202:Valls
2192:Uclés
2086:Bruch
2010:Eylau
1934:Halle
1909:Maida
1899:Gaeta
1749:Major
1676:Spain
1636:Spain
1569:Italy
1100:Notes
1063:, by
937:, by
878:, ca
656:Roses
492:200km
385:Roses
316:2,200
300:8,000
247:Spain
223:Spain
148:Spain
3575:Kiel
3565:Ried
3111:Info
3098:Issy
2991:1815
2937:Laon
2870:1814
2734:1813
2600:Ekau
2563:1812
2477:1811
2431:1810
2352:Graz
2342:Raab
2180:1809
2074:1808
1998:1807
1892:1806
1806:1805
1385:2021
1346:2021
1315:ISBN
1278:2021
1265:ISBN
1248:2021
1222:ISBN
1002:and
880:1837
845:trot
706:The
127:Date
2595:Mir
2458:Côa
1843:Ulm
1302:123
874:by
870:",
866:of
313:300
3689::
1332:.
1127:^
1041:.
964:–
882:,
855:")
552:10
540:11
528:12
516:13
504:14
146:,
142:,
1465:e
1458:t
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1348:.
1323:.
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1250:.
1230:.
1203:.
1191:.
1179:.
1167:.
862:"
853:!
722:-
718:-
678:1
661:2
644:3
632:4
620:5
610:6
593:7
581:8
564:9
345:e
338:t
331:v
79:)
73:(
68:)
64:(
50:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
