439:(as termed by the Council of the European Union), which are not valid for international travel. In 1997, the Bates family revoked all Sealand passports, including those that they themselves had issued over the previous 22 years, due to the realisation that an international money laundering ring had appeared, using the sale of fake Sealand passports to finance drug trafficking and money laundering from Russia and Iraq. The ringleaders of the operation, based in Madrid but with ties to various groups in Germany—including to the rebel Sealand Government in exile established by Achenbach—had used fake Sealandic diplomatic passports and number plates. They were reported to have sold 4,000 fake Sealandic passports to Hong Kong citizens for an estimated $ 1,000 each. Michael Bates stated in late 2016 that Sealand was receiving hundreds of applications for passports every day.
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327:, primarily to defend the vital shipping lanes in nearby estuaries against German mine-laying aircraft. It consisted of a floating pontoon base with a superstructure of two hollow towers joined by a deck upon which other structures could be added. The fort was towed to a position above the Rough Sands sandbar, where its base was deliberately flooded to sink it in place. This is approximately 7 nautical miles (13 km) from the coast of
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plans to turn
Sealand into a luxury hotel and casino with fellow German and Dutch businessmen. They stormed the platform and took Bates's son, Michael Bates, hostage. Michael was able to retake Sealand and capture Achenbach and the mercenaries. Achenbach, a German lawyer who held a Sealand passport, was charged with treason against Sealand, and was held unless he paid
362:, a British citizen and the owner of a pirate radio station, who ejected the competing group of pirate broadcasters. Bates intended to broadcast his pirate radio station—called Radio Essex—from the platform. Despite having the necessary equipment, he never began broadcasting. Bates declared the independence of Roughs Tower and deemed it the Principality of Sealand.
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https://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/resultList.jsf?dswid=4151&language=en&searchType=SIMPLE&query=joanne+moss&af=%5B%5D&aq=%5B%5B%5D%5D&aq2=%5B%5B%5D%5D&aqe=%5B%5D&noOfRows=50&sortOrder=author_sort_asc&sortOrder2=title_sort_asc&onlyFullText=false&sf=undergraduate
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In 1987, the UK extended its territorial waters from 3 to 12 nautical miles (6 to 22 km), bringing
Sealand into British territorial waters. In the opinion of law academic John Gibson, there is little to no chance that Sealand would be recognised as a nation due to it being a man-made structure.
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On 20 August 2018, competitive swimmer
Richard Royal swam the 12 km (7.5 mi) from Sealand to the mainland of the UK, finishing in 3 hours, 29 minutes. Royal visited the platform before the swim, getting his passport stamped. He entered the water from the bosun's chair, signaling the start
412:
In August 1978, Alexander
Achenbach, who described himself as the Prime Minister of Sealand, hired several German and Dutch mercenaries to lead an attack on Sealand while Bates and his wife were in Austria, invited by Achenbach to discuss the sale of Sealand. Achenbach had disagreed with Bates over
377:
at the time, he was summoned to court in
England on firearms charges following the incident. The court ruled that the platform (which Bates was now calling Sealand) was outside British territorial limits, being beyond the three-nautical-mile (6 km) limit which then applied to the country's
493:, attempted to purchase Sealand after harsher copyright measures in Sweden forced them to look for a base of operations elsewhere. Between 2007 and 2010, Sealand was offered for sale through the Spanish estate company InmoNaranja, at an asking price of €750 million (
417: 75,000 (more than US$ 35,000 or £23,000). Germany then sent a diplomat from its London embassy to Sealand to negotiate for Achenbach's release. Roy Bates relented after several weeks of negotiations and subsequently claimed that the diplomat's visit constituted
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beach. Royal was subsequently awarded a
Sealand Knighthood by Michael Bates. On 18 August 2018, two days before Royal's swim, a man named Nick Glendinning became the first to make the swim from Sealand to the mainland by swimming from Roughs Tower to
751:. He completed the trip in just under five hours. Glendinning claims the timing of his run was coincidental, but Royal disagreed, saying in response to Glendinning's comments that, "There's no way in the world that this is a coincidence".
632:, Haven's co-founder and a key participant in the country, left HavenCo under acrimonious circumstances in 2002, citing disagreements with the Bates family over management of the company. The HavenCo website went offline in 2008.
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several years earlier. His son
Michael took over the operation of Sealand, although he continued to live in Suffolk, where he and his sons were operating a family fishing business called Fruits of the Sea.
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1421:"Table of travel documents entitling the holder to cross the external borders and which may be endorsed with a visa - (Parts II and III) and Part V (documents to which visas cannot be affixed)"
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broadcasters in 1967 with the intention of setting up his own station there. Bates and his associates have repelled incursions from vessels from rival pirate radio stations and the UK's
1973:
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Following his repatriation, Achenbach and Gernot Pütz proclaimed a government in exile, sometimes known as the
Sealand Rebel Government or Sealandic Rebel Government, in Germany.
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in 2004, Sealand was represented by
Michael Bates's son James. The facility is now occupied by one or more caretakers representing Michael Bates, who himself resides in
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by the Bates family between 1999 and Roy's death in 2012. In this role, he apparently served as
Sealand's acting Head of State and also its Head of Government.
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In 1987, the United Kingdom extended its territorial waters to 12 nautical miles, which put Sealand in waters internationally recognised as British.
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Irrespective of its legal status, Sealand is managed by the Bates family as if it were a recognised sovereign entity and they are its hereditary
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waters. As a result, the case could not proceed as it was not within British jurisdiction. Bates considers this Sealand's first instance of
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1963:
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Critical perspectives: North Sea offshore wind farms.: Oral histories, aesthetics and selected legal frameworks relating to the North Sea
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Roughs Tower was occupied in February and August 1965 by Jack Moore and his daughter Jane, squatting on behalf of the pirate station
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personnel throughout World War II; the last full-time personnel left in 1956. The Maunsell Forts were decommissioned in the 1950s.
61:
If the information is appropriate for the lead of the article, this information should also be included in the body of the article.
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to 12 nautical miles, which places the platform in British territory. As of August 2024, Sealand has only one permanent resident.
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289:. Since 1967, the decommissioned Roughs Tower has been occupied and claimed as a sovereign state by the family and associates of
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In 2009, Sealand announced the revival of the Sealand National Football Association and their intention to compete in a future
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recognised by the United Kingdom and Germany, on account of a UK court ruling and Germany's dispatch of a diplomat to Sealand.
54:
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2007:
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1302:"WELCOME TO SEALAND: The utterly bizarre independent micronation that's been sitting off the British coast for over 50 years"
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club tournaments in the United Kingdom, Ireland and the Netherlands. They finished in 11th place at UK nationals in 2010.
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Menefee, Samuel Pyeatt. "Republics of the Reefs: Nation-Building on the Continental Shelf and in the World's Oceans".
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Map of Sealand and the United Kingdom, with territorial water claims of 3 and 12 nmi (6 and 22 km) shown.
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stood by the Roughs Tower until a local fire tug extinguished the fire. All damage was repaired by November 2006.
108:
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rulers. Roy Bates styled himself as Prince Roy and his wife Princess Joan. Their son had been referred to as the
458:
On the afternoon of 23 June 2006, the top platform of the Roughs Tower caught fire due to an electrical fault. A
1869:
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In 2015, Simon Messenger ran a half-marathon on Sealand as part of his "round the world in 80 runs" challenge.
661:
649:
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675:. Also in 2007, Michael Martelle represented the Principality of Sealand in the World Cup of Kung Fu, held in
609:
on its online store, such as Lord and Baron. Some notable individuals who possess titles from Sealand include
404:
for Sealand, followed by a national flag, a national anthem, a currency, passports, and an immigration stamp.
373:(son of Paddy Roy Bates) tried to scare the workmen off by firing warning shots from the fort. As Bates was a
3946:
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3799:
3784:
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3429:
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770:, to play against the France Royal Roosters, whereas a veteran team took on the Servals de Clermont-Ferrand.
1301:
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on 19 February 2022. The Seahawks won the game 42–13. In September 2022, the Seahawks took several teams to
3596:
485:, an online index of digital content of entertainment media and software founded by the Swedish think tank
117:
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3141:
3727:
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was appointed as President of the Association. Sealand played the second game in their history against
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3881:
3571:
3490:
3346:
3286:
2102:
582:
547:
31:
3616:
3601:
3382:
3041:
2949:
2448:"The bizarre history of Sealand, the independent micronation on a platform off the English coast"
2160:
370:
177:
624:
In 2000, publicity was created about Sealand following the establishment of a new entity called
3586:
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3250:
3021:
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2890:
Sealand: The True Story of the World's Most Stubborn Micronation and Its Eccentric Royal Family
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1996:
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team named the Sealand Seahawks were formed in 2021, announcing a game in Ireland against the
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3576:
3561:
3439:
3316:
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3135:
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1890:
Prince Roy was succeeded by his only son, the Prince Regent – now Sovereign Prince Michael...
1838:
1053:
853:
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710:
2156:"The World's Most Notorious Micronation Has the Secret to Protecting Your Data From the NSA"
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3641:
3626:
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3546:
3516:
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3296:
3226:
1744:
1676:
1671:
1619:
1043:"Radio: British Commercial Broadcasters Are at Sea; Illegal Programs Are Beamed From Ships"
379:
336:
282:
2538:"Man finishes record-breaking bid for Sealand glory – but another swimmer beats him to it"
1833:
1266:
8:
3717:
3712:
3677:
3621:
3581:
3276:
522:
436:
2593:
906:"Sealand, world's smallest state, has just 1 permanent resident | 60 Minutes - CBS News"
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3894:
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3521:
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1048:
822:
366:
302:
274:
2620:"Sealand Seahawks countdown to kick-off Sponsored by Digital Fuel | Digital Fuel"
2481:"How I ran a half marathon on Sealand, the fortress 'nation' in the middle of the sea"
3556:
3459:
3454:
3240:
2893:
2878:
2769:
2709:
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2229:
2059:
2003:
1909:
1445:
1362:
1195:
1116:
1091:
1020:
947:
861:
755:
717:. The team played their most recent game in 2014, and have been inactive since then.
597:
Sealand has been involved in several commercial operations, including the issuing of
514:, Roy Bates's wife, died in an Essex nursing home at the age of 86 on 10 March 2016.
470:
1634:
3646:
3377:
2924:
2452:
1306:
1190:
1185:
1111:
721:
463:
332:
221:
2394:
2080:"Stop signs on the web; The battle between freedom and regulation on the Internet"
1435:
1174:"Mimicking state diplomacy: The legitimizing strategies of unofficial diplomacies"
652:, a football sanctioning body for non-recognised states and states not members of
3031:
2851:
2788:
2747:
2728:
2698:
2658:
2650:
1968:
1935:
1770:
1481:
1173:
459:
442:
In 2015, Bates asserted that Sealand's population is "normally like two people".
374:
359:
290:
173:
3732:
2103:"Death of a data haven: cypherpunks, WikiLeaks, and the world's smallest nation"
1057:
686:
In 2008, Sealand hosted a skateboarding event with Church and East sponsored by
648:
The Sealand National Football Association (SNFA) was an associate member of the
3758:
3266:
2983:
2757:
2124:
2030:
714:
702:
694:
482:
393:
324:
314:
278:
258:
131:
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3930:
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3168:
3071:
3061:
2346:
2233:
2165:
1931:"Sealand's Prince Michael on the future of an off-shore 'outpost of liberty'"
1513:
1449:
1199:
1120:
943:
Seas and Waterways of the World: An Encyclopedia of History, Uses, and Issues
865:
732:
687:
575:
414:
153:
140:
2867:
2832:
Miller, Marjorie, & Boudreaux, Richard. "A Nation for Friend and Faux".
671:
In 2004, mountaineer Slader Oviatt carried the Sealandic flag to the top of
488:
3844:
How to Rule Your Own Country: The Weird and Wonderful World of Micronations
3464:
1707:
1543:
1440:
1388:
698:
606:
571:
401:
320:
294:
286:
301:
using firearms and petrol bombs. In 1987, the United Kingdom extended its
273:
and 13 kilometres (7 nmi) from the coast of Essex. Roughs Tower is a
3408:
3387:
3217:
3066:
2965:
2651:"My Platform, My State: The Principality of Sealand in International Law"
1579:
1106:
763:
728:
706:
676:
672:
664:. In 2004, the national team played its first international game against
629:
614:
538:
recognised Sealand as "the smallest area to lay claim to nation status".
254:
100:
1803:"Roy Bates, self-proclaimed prince who turned wartime fort into 'natio…"
3819:
3551:
3511:
3424:
3311:
3036:
3005:
2079:
1552:
1234:
743:
628:, a data haven, which effectively took control of Roughs Tower itself.
610:
602:
511:
505:
Roy Bates died at the age of 91 on 9 October 2012 after a diagnosis of
340:
298:
3175:
562:
3809:
3566:
3541:
3536:
3321:
2862:
1477:"Money Laundering: Global fraudsters use sea fortress as passport to"
618:
262:
450:
3804:
3763:
3361:
2568:"Sealand Seahawk Victory Against The South Dublin Panthers #Shorts"
1775:
1639:
1584:
1393:
826:
640:
601:
and the establishment of an offshore Internet hosting facility, or
323:, Roughs Tower was constructed by the United Kingdom as one of the
269:
located approximately 11 kilometres (6 nmi) from the coast of
388:
57:
contains information that is not included elsewhere in the article
3531:
3351:
3326:
3051:
2689:, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 127–152. Winter 2003. ISSN 1072-8546.
1509:"Sealand swamped by passport applications after Brexit and Trump"
748:
625:
467:
328:
270:
266:
3636:
3186:
2761:
1172:
McConnell, Fiona; Moreau, Terri; Dittmer, Jason (1 June 2012).
767:
1856:
Roy Bates died in 2012, and was succeeded by Prince Michael...
365:
In 1968, British workmen entered what Bates claimed to be his
230:
2670:
Attention All Shipping: A Journey Round the Shipping Forecast
586:
2858:"How a law-less 'data haven' is using law to protect itself"
2683:
Conroy, Matthew. "Note: Sealand – The Next New Haven?"
2766:
Who Controls the Internet?: Illusions of a Borderless World
2594:"The Red Bulletin UK 12/22 by Red Bull Media House – Issuu"
2293:. Redbullskateboarding.com. 15 October 2008. Archived from
653:
407:
3889:
Micronations: The Lonely Planet Guide to Home-Made Nations
2317:"Skateboarder erobern Seefestung vor der englischen Küste"
892:
Micronations: The Lonely Planet Guide to Home-Made Nations
427:
261:(also known as Roughs Tower), an offshore platform in the
2911:
2877:, 2nd ed. Port Townsend, WA: Breakout Productions, 1984.
550:. Nonetheless, the Sealand government claims it has been
494:
239:
205:
2361:"Principality of Sealand to have National Football Team"
720:
In 2009 and 2010, Sealand sent teams to play in various
656:, which became inactive in 2013 and was replaced by the
2228:. Edmonton, Canada: Province of Alberta. p. 2019.
1333:"Attempt to free captive from private 'island' fails".
1171:
823:"The off-shore fort 'state' of Sealand marks 50 years"
3152:
2801:. License plates of the world. Web. 28 December 2009.
242:
233:
227:
2052:
Ryan, John; Dunford, George; Sellars, Simon (2006).
1902:
Ryan, John; Dunford, George; Sellars, Simon (2006).
1355:
Ryan, John; Dunford, George; Sellars, Simon (2006).
1013:
Ryan, John; Dunford, George; Sellars, Simon (2006).
358:
On 2 September 1967, the fort was occupied by Major
245:
236:
2387:"Ralf Little gets an international cap for Sealand"
1635:"Technology: How The Pirate Bay sailed into infamy"
705:on 5 May 2012, losing 3–1. The team included actor
224:
2051:
1995:
1901:
1354:
1230:"Sealand: A peculiar 'nation' off England's coast"
1223:
1221:
1041:
1012:
789:"Sealand: A peculiar 'nation' off England's coast"
658:Confederation of Independent Football Associations
369:to service a navigational buoy near the platform.
339:at the time. The facility was occupied by 150–300
3928:
2219:"Bill 50: Electric Statutes Amendment Act, 2009"
1261:
1259:
1257:
2843:. Master's thesis. Uppsala University, Sweden.
2094:
2021:
2019:
1218:
1147:Regina v. Paddy Roy Bates and Michael Roy Bates
935:
933:
931:
683:(Principal Martial Arts Athlete and Champion).
346:
2217:Kowalski, Kenneth R., ed. (24 November 2009).
1870:"Prince Roy of Sealand Memorial Coin Launched"
1008:
1006:
30:"Sealand" redirects here. For other uses, see
3202:
2932:
2511:"Arise Sir Richard: Sealand swimmer knighted"
2072:
2002:. Guinness World Records. 2007. p. 131.
1964:"'Princess Joan of Sealand' has died aged 86"
1254:
894:, Lonely Planet Publications, 2006, pp. 9–12.
890:Ryan, John; Dunford, George; Sellars, Simon.
486:
2827:California Western International Law Journal
2016:
928:
884:
462:rescue helicopter transferred one person to
293:. Bates seized Roughs Tower from a group of
3875:Micronations and the Search for Sovereignty
2799:"License Plates of Sealand (Great Britain)"
2100:
1763:
1227:
1003:
644:Sealand football team with the Bates family
581:At a micronations conference hosted by the
3302:Most Serene Federal Republic of Montmartre
3209:
3195:
2939:
2925:
2807:"Has 'haven' for questionable sites sunk?"
2706:Offshore: In Search of an Island of My Own
2147:
1538:
1536:
116:
107:
2804:
2478:
2192:"IBWM Fantasy football micronation style"
2153:
2125:"Ed Sheeran becomes a 'baron of Sealand'"
1867:
1825:
1189:
1180:. Space, Contestation and the Political.
1104:
939:
497:600 million, US$ 906 million).
335:of the United Kingdom and, therefore, in
77:Learn how and when to remove this message
27:Unrecognised micronation in the North Sea
2216:
1033:
978:
903:
786:
639:
561:
546:Sealand is not officially recognised by
521:
449:
408:1978 attack and Sealand Rebel Government
387:
3795:International Micropatrological Society
2781:"Sealand, HavenCo, and the Rule of Law"
2535:
2243:from the original on 26 September 2013.
2027:"Information on Sealand's royal family"
1675:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation.
1542:
1533:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1350:
1348:
1346:
1344:
731:placed a Sealand flag at the summit of
428:Expansion of British territorial waters
14:
3929:
2479:Messenger, Simon (11 September 2015).
2415:
1632:
1474:
1242:from the original on 30 September 2020
851:
820:
592:
134:off the coast of England (0.004 sq km)
3190:
2920:
2663:Journal of International Maritime Law
2626:from the original on 22 December 2022
2600:from the original on 22 December 2022
2574:from the original on 22 December 2022
2428:from the original on 19 December 2013
2418:"Principality of Sealand 2010 Review"
2172:from the original on 22 February 2019
2113:from the original on 18 October 2015.
2090:from the original on 6 November 2015.
1961:
1928:
1831:
1715:from the original on 4 September 2023
1683:from the original on 4 September 2023
1560:from the original on 28 November 2020
1489:from the original on 13 February 2020
1456:from the original on 14 February 2019
1433:
1401:from the original on 22 February 2009
1299:
1206:from the original on 4 September 2023
1064:from the original on 22 December 2015
1039:
991:from the original on 28 November 2020
833:from the original on 4 September 2023
821:Cawley, Laurence (2 September 2017).
679:, Canada, bearing the designation of
454:Sealand several months after the fire
396:, designed by Paddy Roy Bates in 1975
3837:Empire Me: New Worlds Are Happening!
3815:Organisation de la microfrancophonie
2154:Stackpole, Thomas (21 August 2013).
2101:Grimmelmann, James (27 March 2012).
1880:from the original on 1 November 2021
1868:Alexander, Michael (2 August 2013).
1846:from the original on 1 November 2021
1783:from the original on 10 January 2007
1735:"For sale: world's smallest country"
1703:"£65m price tag for Sealand tenancy"
1436:"Police swoop on Sealand crime ring"
1386:
1375:
1341:
1107:"Welcome to Sealand. Now Bugger Off"
872:from the original on 10 January 2024
816:
814:
666:Åland Islands national football team
38:
3094:Coins and postage stamps of Sealand
2805:McCullagh, Declan (5 August 2003).
2536:Moffitt, Dominic (20 August 2018).
2517:from the original on 31 August 2018
2319:. 10 September 2008. Archived from
1771:"'Smallest state' seeks new owners"
1751:from the original on 19 August 2024
1667:"Tiny North Sea tax haven for sale"
1548:"'I rule my own ocean micronation'"
1475:Boggan, Steve (23 September 1997).
1281:from the original on 30 August 2021
960:from the original on 19 August 2024
916:from the original on 14 August 2024
852:McCrea, Aisling (30 January 2020).
799:from the original on 1 January 2022
660:(CONIFA). The SNFA administers the
500:
421:recognition of Sealand by Germany.
265:. It is situated on Rough Sands, a
24:
2813:from the original on 24 April 2016
2721:Welcome to Sealand. Now Bugger Off
2642:
2548:from the original on 1 August 2023
2135:from the original on 11 March 2023
1976:from the original on 30 April 2021
1647:from the original on 19 April 2009
1633:Graham, Flora (16 February 2009).
1127:from the original on 22 April 2021
476:
25:
3973:
2905:
2793:University of Illinois Law Review
2491:from the original on 12 June 2018
2460:from the original on 24 June 2021
2367:from the original on 27 July 2011
1809:. 18 January 2013. Archived from
1580:"Blaze at offshore military fort"
1521:from the original on 6 April 2020
1314:from the original on 3 April 2019
1228:MacEacheran, Mike (5 July 2020).
1105:Garfinkel, Simson (1 July 2000).
811:
681:Athleta Principalitas Bellatorius
557:
3962:Separatism in the United Kingdom
3911:
3910:
3216:
3174:
3162:
3004:
2948:
2868:partial quotation of the article
2686:Suffolk Transnational Law Review
1943:from the original on 12 May 2022
1592:from the original on 30 May 2012
979:Milligan, Markus (20 May 2020).
727:On 22 May 2013, the mountaineer
220:
43:
2612:
2586:
2560:
2529:
2503:
2472:
2440:
2409:
2379:
2353:
2335:
2309:
2279:
2247:
2210:
2184:
2117:
2045:
1988:
1955:
1922:
1908:. Lonely Planet. p. 9–12.
1895:
1861:
1795:
1727:
1695:
1659:
1626:
1604:
1572:
1501:
1468:
1427:
1413:
1326:
1293:
1165:
1139:
1098:
1076:
904:Wertheim, Jon (4 August 2024).
548:any established sovereign state
517:
466:, directly from the tower. The
3112:Sealand national football team
2866:. 8 August 2000. p. 3. A
2086:. 13 January 2001. p. 1.
2029:. Sealand News. Archived from
1962:Milmo, Cahal (14 March 2016).
1929:Milmo, Cahal (19 March 2016).
1832:Braun, Adee (30 August 2013).
1434:Gooch, Adela (12 April 2000).
1337:. 5 September 1978. p. 3.
1191:10.1016/j.geoforum.2012.01.007
1040:Gould, Jack (25 March 1966) .
985:HeritageDaily Archaeology News
972:
897:
845:
780:
662:Sealand national football team
605:. The principality also sells
541:
122:Aerial view of Sealand in 2006
13:
1:
3942:Artificial islands of England
3867:How to Start Your Own Country
3859:How to Start Your Own Country
3851:How to Start Your Own Country
3800:League of Secessionist States
3785:Antarctic Micronational Union
3743:Sovereign Yidindji Government
3470:People's Republic of Zhongtai
3282:Global Country of World Peace
2888:Taylor-Lehman, Dylan (2020).
2875:How to Start Your Own Country
1612:"Sealand Renovation Update 4"
1361:. Lonely Planet. p. 11.
773:
742:of the swim, and finished on
3292:Kingdom of L'Anse-Saint-Jean
2829:, vol. 25, no. 1. Fall 1994.
2740:Sealand: Wish You Were Here?
2691:Issue table of contents page
2393:. 7 May 2012. Archived from
2363:. PR Log. 23 December 2009.
2343:"Welcome to Church and East"
2058:. Lonely Planet. p. 8.
1300:Payne, Adam (2 March 2017).
1019:. Lonely Planet. p. 9.
445:
400:In 1975, Bates introduced a
347:Occupation and establishment
333:3 nmi (6 km) claim
7:
3142:Radio Newyork International
3101:
2956:The Principality of Sealand
2416:WebFox (10 February 2011).
1998:Guinness World Records 2008
1154: 25 October 1968),
10:
3978:
1387:Ward, Mark (5 June 2000).
1152:The Shire Hall, Chelmsford
392:The flag that flies above
312:
308:
29:
3906:
3828:
3777:
3751:
3660:
3499:
3478:
3417:
3396:
3370:
3259:
3233:
3224:
3127:
3100:
3091:
3084:
3050:
3020:
3013:
3002:
2976:
2963:
2649:Cogliati-Bantz, Vincent.
1740:The Sydney Morning Herald
1275:Vox Media Podcast Network
946:. ABC-CLIO. p. 563.
650:Nouvelle Fédération-Board
635:
487:
199:
183:
169:
127:
115:
106:
98:
91:
2255:"Program Souvenir Legal"
981:"The Maunsell Sea Forts"
940:Zumerchik, John (2008).
599:coins and postage stamps
583:University of Sunderland
435:Sealand previously sold
32:Sealand (disambiguation)
3952:Micronations in England
3937:Principality of Sealand
3602:Republic of Rose Island
2795:, Volume 2012, Number 2
2746:28 October 2005 at the
2735:. July 2000. Vol. 8.07.
2708:, Penguin Books, 2007.
1834:"From the Sea, Freedom"
1779:. BBC. 8 January 2007.
1389:"Offshore and offline?"
216:Principality of Sealand
93:Principality of Sealand
3486:Islands of Refreshment
2994:Wonderful Radio London
2836:. 7 June 2000. p. A-1.
2727:15 August 2010 at the
2194:. IBWM. Archived from
854:"No Man Is An Island?"
645:
567:
536:Guinness World Records
527:
455:
397:
353:Wonderful Radio London
277:that was built by the
154:51.895167°N 1.480500°E
3450:Morac-Songhrati-Meads
3440:Keraton Agung Sejagat
3136:The Battle of Sealand
2839:Moss, Joanne (2021).
2570:. 14 September 2022.
1588:. BBC. 23 June 2006.
1094:on 17 September 2014.
760:South Dublin Panthers
643:
565:
525:
453:
391:
3947:Geography of Suffolk
3297:Republic of Molossia
3227:List of micronations
2779:Grimmelmann, James.
2719:Garfinkel, Simson. "
2657:14 July 2014 at the
2582:– via YouTube.
2131:. 23 December 2012.
1745:Agence France-Presse
1677:Agence France-Presse
787:MacEacherhan, Mike.
337:international waters
283:international waters
3718:Murrawarri Republic
3582:Other World Kingdom
3435:Kingdom of Humanity
2892:. Diversion Books.
2850:4 July 2023 at the
2787:4 June 2020 at the
2697:3 June 2020 at the
2668:Connelly, Charlie.
2596:. 7 November 2022.
2323:on 24 December 2008
2033:on 12 November 2007
1517:. 17 January 2017.
593:Business operations
507:Alzheimer's disease
331:, outside the then
159:51.895167; 1.480500
150: /
3829:In popular culture
3522:Elgaland-Vargaland
3332:Operation Atlantis
2873:Strauss, Erwin S.
2622:. 24 August 2022.
1839:Lapham's Quarterly
1813:on 18 January 2013
1747:. 8 January 2007.
1711:. 6 January 2007.
1679:. 8 January 2007.
1277:. 27 August 2021.
1162:from the original.
1049:The New York Times
697:. Scottish author
646:
568:
528:
456:
398:
367:territorial waters
303:territorial waters
184:Dates claimed
3924:
3923:
3693:Coral Sea Islands
3455:Naminara Republic
3241:Kalakuta Republic
3150:
3149:
3123:
3122:
3080:
3079:
2898:978-1-63-576726-1
2834:Los Angeles Times
2809:. CNET News.com.
2752:Internet Magazine
2714:978-0-14-102434-9
2297:on 5 January 2010
2065:978-1-74104-730-1
2009:978-1-904994-18-3
1915:978-1-74104-730-1
1546:(14 April 2015).
1368:978-1-74104-730-1
1026:978-1-74104-730-1
953:978-1-85109-711-1
756:American football
481:In January 2007,
437:fantasy passports
275:Maunsell Sea Fort
212:
211:
132:Offshore platform
128:Area claimed
87:
86:
79:
18:Battle of Sealand
16:(Redirected from
3969:
3914:
3913:
3752:Extraterrestrial
3479:Atlantic islands
3378:Glacier Republic
3211:
3204:
3197:
3188:
3187:
3179:
3178:
3167:
3166:
3165:
3158:
3116:Sealand Seahawks
3104:
3089:
3088:
3054:
3024:
3018:
3017:
3008:
2970:
2957:
2953:
2952:
2941:
2934:
2927:
2918:
2917:
2912:Official website
2822:
2820:
2818:
2672:, Abacus, 2005.
2661:) (2012) 18 (3)
2636:
2635:
2633:
2631:
2616:
2610:
2609:
2607:
2605:
2590:
2584:
2583:
2581:
2579:
2564:
2558:
2557:
2555:
2553:
2533:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2522:
2507:
2501:
2500:
2498:
2496:
2476:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2453:Business Insider
2444:
2438:
2437:
2435:
2433:
2422:Glasgow Ultimate
2413:
2407:
2406:
2404:
2402:
2383:
2377:
2376:
2374:
2372:
2357:
2351:
2350:
2345:. Archived from
2339:
2333:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2313:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2302:
2283:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2272:
2266:
2260:. Archived from
2259:
2251:
2245:
2244:
2242:
2223:
2214:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2188:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2151:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2140:
2121:
2115:
2114:
2098:
2092:
2091:
2076:
2070:
2069:
2049:
2043:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2023:
2014:
2013:
2001:
1992:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1959:
1953:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1926:
1920:
1919:
1899:
1893:
1892:
1887:
1885:
1865:
1859:
1858:
1853:
1851:
1829:
1823:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1799:
1793:
1792:
1790:
1788:
1767:
1761:
1760:
1758:
1756:
1731:
1725:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1663:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1652:
1630:
1624:
1623:
1622:on 4 March 2014.
1618:. Archived from
1608:
1602:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1576:
1570:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1540:
1531:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1505:
1499:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1472:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1431:
1425:
1424:
1417:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1384:
1373:
1372:
1352:
1339:
1338:
1330:
1324:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1307:Business Insider
1297:
1291:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1263:
1252:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1225:
1216:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1193:
1169:
1163:
1149:
1143:
1137:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1102:
1096:
1095:
1090:. Archived from
1080:
1074:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1045:
1037:
1031:
1030:
1010:
1001:
1000:
998:
996:
976:
970:
969:
967:
965:
937:
926:
925:
923:
921:
901:
895:
888:
882:
881:
879:
877:
849:
843:
842:
840:
838:
818:
809:
808:
806:
804:
784:
711:Bolton Wanderers
501:Death of founder
492:
491:
464:Ipswich Hospital
319:In 1943, during
252:
251:
248:
247:
244:
241:
238:
235:
232:
229:
226:
194:
192:
165:
164:
162:
161:
160:
155:
151:
148:
147:
146:
143:
120:
111:
89:
88:
82:
75:
71:
68:
62:
47:
46:
39:
21:
3977:
3976:
3972:
3971:
3970:
3968:
3967:
3966:
3927:
3926:
3925:
3920:
3902:
3824:
3773:
3747:
3656:
3495:
3474:
3413:
3392:
3366:
3255:
3229:
3220:
3215:
3185:
3173:
3163:
3161:
3153:
3151:
3146:
3119:
3102:
3096:
3076:
3052:
3046:
3032:Paddy Roy Bates
3022:
3009:
3000:
2972:
2966:
2959:
2955:
2947:
2945:
2908:
2903:
2856:Slapper, Gary.
2852:Wayback Machine
2816:
2814:
2791:), March 2012,
2789:Wayback Machine
2758:Goldsmith, Jack
2748:Wayback Machine
2738:Gilmour, Kim. "
2729:Wayback Machine
2699:Wayback Machine
2659:Wayback Machine
2645:
2643:Further reading
2640:
2639:
2629:
2627:
2618:
2617:
2613:
2603:
2601:
2592:
2591:
2587:
2577:
2575:
2566:
2565:
2561:
2551:
2549:
2534:
2530:
2520:
2518:
2509:
2508:
2504:
2494:
2492:
2477:
2473:
2463:
2461:
2446:
2445:
2441:
2431:
2429:
2414:
2410:
2400:
2398:
2397:on 6 March 2016
2385:
2384:
2380:
2370:
2368:
2359:
2358:
2354:
2349:on 6 June 2014.
2341:
2340:
2336:
2326:
2324:
2315:
2314:
2310:
2300:
2298:
2285:
2284:
2280:
2270:
2268:
2267:on 27 June 2008
2264:
2257:
2253:
2252:
2248:
2240:
2226:Alberta Hansard
2221:
2215:
2211:
2201:
2199:
2190:
2189:
2185:
2175:
2173:
2152:
2148:
2138:
2136:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2099:
2095:
2078:
2077:
2073:
2066:
2050:
2046:
2036:
2034:
2025:
2024:
2017:
2010:
1994:
1993:
1989:
1979:
1977:
1969:The Independent
1960:
1956:
1946:
1944:
1936:The Independent
1927:
1923:
1916:
1900:
1896:
1883:
1881:
1866:
1862:
1849:
1847:
1830:
1826:
1816:
1814:
1801:
1800:
1796:
1786:
1784:
1769:
1768:
1764:
1754:
1752:
1733:
1732:
1728:
1718:
1716:
1701:
1700:
1696:
1686:
1684:
1665:
1664:
1660:
1650:
1648:
1631:
1627:
1616:Church and East
1610:
1609:
1605:
1595:
1593:
1578:
1577:
1573:
1563:
1561:
1541:
1534:
1524:
1522:
1507:
1506:
1502:
1492:
1490:
1482:The Independent
1473:
1469:
1459:
1457:
1432:
1428:
1423:. 17 June 2010.
1419:
1418:
1414:
1404:
1402:
1385:
1376:
1369:
1353:
1342:
1332:
1331:
1327:
1317:
1315:
1298:
1294:
1284:
1282:
1265:
1264:
1255:
1245:
1243:
1226:
1219:
1209:
1207:
1170:
1166:
1145:
1144:
1140:
1130:
1128:
1103:
1099:
1082:
1081:
1077:
1067:
1065:
1038:
1034:
1027:
1011:
1004:
994:
992:
977:
973:
963:
961:
954:
938:
929:
919:
917:
902:
898:
889:
885:
875:
873:
858:Current Affairs
850:
846:
836:
834:
819:
812:
802:
800:
785:
781:
776:
668:, drawing 2–2.
638:
595:
560:
544:
520:
503:
479:
477:Attempted sales
460:Royal Air Force
448:
430:
410:
375:British subject
360:Paddy Roy Bates
349:
317:
311:
291:Paddy Roy Bates
223:
219:
208:
204:
190:
188:
174:Paddy Roy Bates
170:Claimed by
158:
156:
152:
149:
144:
141:
139:
137:
136:
135:
123:
94:
83:
72:
66:
63:
60:
52:This article's
48:
44:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3975:
3965:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3922:
3921:
3919:
3918:
3907:
3904:
3903:
3901:
3900:
3892:
3885:
3878:
3871:
3863:
3855:
3847:
3840:
3832:
3830:
3826:
3825:
3823:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3781:
3779:
3775:
3774:
3772:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3759:Aerican Empire
3755:
3753:
3749:
3748:
3746:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3668:Aeterna Lucina
3664:
3662:
3658:
3657:
3655:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3597:Romanov Empire
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3503:
3501:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3493:
3488:
3482:
3480:
3476:
3475:
3473:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3421:
3419:
3415:
3414:
3412:
3411:
3406:
3400:
3398:
3394:
3393:
3391:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3374:
3372:
3368:
3367:
3365:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3337:Outer Baldonia
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3317:North Dumpling
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3267:Conch Republic
3263:
3261:
3257:
3256:
3254:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3237:
3235:
3231:
3230:
3225:
3222:
3221:
3214:
3213:
3206:
3199:
3191:
3184:
3183:
3171:
3148:
3147:
3145:
3144:
3139:
3131:
3129:
3125:
3124:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3117:
3114:
3108:
3106:
3098:
3097:
3092:
3086:
3082:
3081:
3078:
3077:
3075:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3058:
3056:
3048:
3047:
3045:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3028:
3026:
3015:
3011:
3010:
3003:
3001:
2999:
2998:
2997:
2996:
2986:
2984:HM Fort Roughs
2980:
2978:
2974:
2973:
2964:
2961:
2960:
2944:
2943:
2936:
2929:
2921:
2915:
2914:
2907:
2906:External links
2904:
2902:
2901:
2886:
2871:
2854:
2837:
2830:
2823:
2802:
2796:
2777:
2755:
2754:. August 2002.
2736:
2717:
2702:
2681:
2666:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2638:
2637:
2611:
2585:
2559:
2528:
2502:
2471:
2439:
2408:
2378:
2352:
2334:
2308:
2287:"Skate Sports"
2278:
2246:
2209:
2198:on 1 June 2012
2183:
2146:
2116:
2093:
2071:
2064:
2044:
2015:
2008:
1987:
1954:
1921:
1914:
1894:
1860:
1824:
1807:Calgary Herald
1794:
1762:
1726:
1694:
1658:
1625:
1603:
1571:
1532:
1500:
1467:
1426:
1412:
1374:
1367:
1340:
1325:
1292:
1267:"171: Sealand"
1253:
1217:
1184:(4): 804–814.
1164:
1138:
1097:
1088:Offshore Echos
1075:
1032:
1025:
1002:
971:
952:
927:
896:
883:
844:
810:
778:
777:
775:
772:
715:Simon Charlton
703:Chagos Islands
695:Viva World Cup
637:
634:
594:
591:
559:
558:Administration
556:
543:
540:
519:
516:
502:
499:
483:The Pirate Bay
478:
475:
447:
444:
429:
426:
409:
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394:HM Fort Roughs
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3072:Sameer Parekh
3070:
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3062:Sean Hastings
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3042:Michael Bates
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1544:Eveleth, Rose
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1514:Express.co.uk
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1084:"Radio Essex"
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733:Mount Everest
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573:
566:Michael Bates
564:
555:
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534:In 2008, the
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99:Unrecognised
97:
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3880:
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3835:
3733:Whangamōmona
3611:
3465:Sunda Empire
3347:Slowjamastan
3307:New Atlantis
3218:Micronations
3134:
3023:Bates family
2989:Pirate radio
2967:
2954:
2889:
2874:
2861:
2840:
2833:
2826:
2815:. Retrieved
2792:
2765:
2751:
2732:
2705:
2704:Fogle, Ben.
2684:
2669:
2662:
2628:. Retrieved
2614:
2602:. Retrieved
2588:
2576:. Retrieved
2562:
2550:. Retrieved
2542:Ipswich Star
2541:
2531:
2519:. Retrieved
2505:
2493:. Retrieved
2485:The Guardian
2484:
2474:
2462:. Retrieved
2451:
2442:
2430:. Retrieved
2421:
2411:
2399:. Retrieved
2395:the original
2390:
2381:
2369:. Retrieved
2355:
2347:the original
2337:
2327:29 September
2325:. Retrieved
2321:the original
2311:
2299:. Retrieved
2295:the original
2290:
2281:
2269:. Retrieved
2262:the original
2249:
2225:
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2200:. Retrieved
2196:the original
2186:
2174:. Retrieved
2161:Mother Jones
2159:
2149:
2137:. Retrieved
2128:
2119:
2107:Ars Technica
2106:
2096:
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2055:Micronations
2054:
2047:
2035:. Retrieved
2031:the original
1997:
1990:
1978:. Retrieved
1967:
1957:
1945:. Retrieved
1934:
1924:
1905:Micronations
1904:
1897:
1889:
1882:. Retrieved
1873:
1863:
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1827:
1815:. Retrieved
1811:the original
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1765:
1753:. Retrieved
1738:
1729:
1717:. Retrieved
1708:Ipswich Star
1706:
1697:
1685:. Retrieved
1670:
1661:
1649:. Retrieved
1638:
1628:
1620:the original
1615:
1606:
1594:. Retrieved
1583:
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1562:. Retrieved
1551:
1523:. Retrieved
1512:
1503:
1491:. Retrieved
1480:
1470:
1458:. Retrieved
1441:The Guardian
1439:
1429:
1415:
1403:. Retrieved
1392:
1358:Micronations
1357:
1334:
1328:
1316:. Retrieved
1305:
1295:
1283:. Retrieved
1270:
1246:23 September
1244:. Retrieved
1233:
1208:. Retrieved
1181:
1177:
1167:
1146:
1141:
1129:. Retrieved
1110:
1100:
1092:the original
1087:
1078:
1066:. Retrieved
1047:
1035:
1016:Micronations
1015:
993:. Retrieved
984:
974:
962:. Retrieved
942:
918:. Retrieved
909:
899:
891:
886:
874:. Retrieved
857:
847:
835:. Retrieved
801:. Retrieved
792:
782:
753:
740:
737:
726:
719:
699:Neil Forsyth
692:
685:
680:
670:
647:
623:
607:noble titles
596:
580:
569:
551:
545:
533:
529:
518:Legal status
504:
480:
457:
441:
434:
431:
423:
418:
411:
402:constitution
399:
380:
364:
357:
350:
321:World War II
318:
295:pirate radio
287:World War II
215:
213:
201:
142:51°53′42.6″N
73:
67:January 2024
64:
55:lead section
53:
36:
3896:Rose Island
3708:Marlborough
3517:Christiania
3430:Freedomland
3409:Westarctica
3404:Flandrensis
3388:Parva Domus
3383:Melchizedek
3067:Ryan Lackey
2968:Micronation
2630:22 December
2604:22 December
2578:22 December
2521:2 September
2464:20 November
2202:29 February
2176:17 February
2037:13 November
1947:4 September
1874:Coin Update
1755:4 September
1719:4 September
1687:4 September
1651:16 February
1596:4 September
1564:20 November
1460:13 February
1273:(Podcast).
1210:4 September
1131:4 September
1068:19 December
995:20 November
910:cbsnews.com
837:4 September
764:Montpellier
729:Kenton Cool
709:and former
707:Ralf Little
677:Quebec City
673:Muztagh Ata
630:Ryan Lackey
615:Terry Wogan
589:, England.
542:Recognition
383:recognition
255:micronation
157: /
145:1°28′49.8″E
101:micronation
3931:Categories
3820:PoliNation
3728:Snake Hill
3703:Hutt River
3552:Kugelmugel
3512:Austenasia
3425:Akhzivland
3397:Antarctica
3312:New Utopia
3037:Joan Bates
2977:Background
2432:14 January
2371:6 December
1884:1 November
1850:1 November
1553:BBC Future
1235:BBC Travel
964:12 January
876:10 January
774:References
744:Felixstowe
611:Ed Sheeran
603:data haven
512:Joan Bates
489:Piratbyrån
341:Royal Navy
313:See also:
299:Royal Navy
3957:North Sea
3810:MicroWiki
3678:Atlantium
3642:Wallachia
3592:Peščenica
3567:Liberland
3542:Frestonia
3537:Filettino
3357:Vikesland
3322:Nova Roma
3246:M'Simbati
2863:The Times
2391:BBC Sport
2234:0383-3623
1787:8 January
1525:8 October
1450:0261-3077
1335:The Times
1285:29 August
1200:0016-7185
1121:1059-1028
1058:116890783
920:14 August
866:2471-2647
803:14 August
713:defender
619:Ben Fogle
446:2006 fire
263:North Sea
3916:Category
3805:MicroCon
3769:Celestia
3764:Asgardia
3688:Bumbunga
3673:Aramoana
3652:Wendland
3647:Waveland
3622:Tavolara
3607:Saugeais
3572:Llanrwst
3547:Jamtland
3491:Trinidad
3362:Zaqistan
3287:Islandia
3277:Fredonia
3272:Eastport
2848:Archived
2811:Archived
2785:Archived
2768:, 2006,
2760:, &
2744:Archived
2725:Archived
2695:Archived
2655:Archived
2624:Archived
2598:Archived
2572:Archived
2552:1 August
2546:Archived
2515:Archived
2489:Archived
2458:Archived
2426:Archived
2365:Archived
2291:Red Bull
2238:Archived
2170:Archived
2139:2 August
2133:Archived
2129:BBC News
2111:Archived
2088:Archived
1974:Archived
1941:Archived
1878:Archived
1844:Archived
1781:Archived
1776:BBC News
1749:Archived
1713:Archived
1681:Archived
1672:ABC News
1645:Archived
1640:BBC News
1590:Archived
1585:BBC News
1558:Archived
1519:Archived
1493:12 March
1487:Archived
1454:Archived
1405:22 March
1399:Archived
1394:BBC News
1312:Archived
1279:Archived
1271:Criminal
1240:Archived
1204:Archived
1178:Geoforum
1160:archived
1125:Archived
1062:Archived
1054:ProQuest
989:Archived
958:Archived
914:Archived
870:Archived
831:Archived
827:BBC News
797:Archived
722:ultimate
688:Red Bull
552:de facto
471:lifeboat
419:de facto
381:de facto
195:–present
3778:Related
3713:Minerva
3698:EnenKio
3661:Oceania
3632:Vevčani
3617:Seborga
3612:Sealand
3587:Perloja
3562:Ladonia
3532:Enclava
3527:Elleore
3445:Koneuwe
3352:Talossa
3342:Redonda
3327:Nutopia
3251:Reunion
3155:Portals
3128:Related
3053:HavenCo
2817:5 April
2762:Wu, Tim
2665:227–250
2495:10 June
2301:9 April
2271:17 July
1980:13 June
1643:. BBC.
1556:. BBC.
1397:. BBC.
1318:3 April
1238:. BBC.
795:. BBC.
749:Bawdsey
626:HavenCo
468:Harwich
329:Suffolk
309:History
285:during
279:British
271:Suffolk
267:sandbar
253:) is a
202:Website
189: (
3898:(film)
3869:(film)
3853:(book)
3637:Verdis
3627:Užupis
3500:Europe
3460:Sedang
3234:Africa
3181:Oceans
3169:Europe
3103:Sports
3085:Topics
3014:People
2896:
2881:
2772:
2712:
2676:
2232:
2062:
2006:
1912:
1817:5 July
1448:
1365:
1198:
1158:,
1150: (
1119:
1056:
1023:
950:
864:
768:France
636:Sports
3790:Flags
3683:Avram
3577:Ongal
2733:Wired
2401:7 May
2265:(PDF)
2258:(PDF)
2241:(PDF)
2222:(PDF)
1112:Wired
587:Essex
572:royal
3861:(TV)
3557:Laàs
3418:Asia
2894:ISBN
2879:ISBN
2819:2016
2770:ISBN
2710:ISBN
2674:ISBN
2632:2022
2606:2022
2580:2022
2554:2023
2523:2018
2497:2018
2466:2020
2434:2014
2403:2012
2373:2010
2329:2008
2303:2009
2273:2008
2230:ISSN
2204:2012
2178:2014
2141:2023
2060:ISBN
2039:2007
2004:ISBN
1982:2020
1949:2023
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