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that the fear of death was taken away from us. And when the French came upon us, and overpowered us, we were troubled at our regiment's giving way, and would have stood our ground, and called to the rest to stop and face the enemy, but to no purpose. In the retreat we were broke; yet after we had retreated about a mile, we rallied twice and fired again. We marched a good part of the night and the next day, about four o'clock, we came to this camp."
261:
163:
960:
932:
876:
890:
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reads; "We marched a mile forward into little parks and orchards, a village being between us and our army: here we remained about three hours, while their right wing was engaged with the Dutch, the cannon playing every where all this time. But we were all endued with strength and courage from God, so
1192:
Extract of a Letter from a Dutch
Officer, Relating to the Action near Liege. "The affair that we had yesterday with the French begun in the evening. The fire which the enemy made upon us from their mask'd batteries, and otherwise, was one of the most terrible ever seen, and it look'd as if hell had
1084:
moved through the town and outflanked
Waldeck, who re-aligned his troops to face this threat. Completing these movements delayed the main French assault until 15:00 and the Dutch put up strong resistance, particularly around the village of Ance, which they finally lost after two hours of heavy
1071:
French cavalry made contact with the
Austrian outposts around 18:00 on 10 October, then halted for the night, and camped outside Liège. Knowing they were substantially outnumbered, Charles of Lorraine ordered the baggage train across the Meuse to allow an orderly retreat, and Ligonier's troops
1100:
A second French attack was made against the
British-German troops in the centre, who were driven out of their fortified positions in Rocoux and Vercoux, before regrouping further back. Although Von Zastrow retained Liers, British and German infantry withdrew towards the Meuse, covered by the
990:
was a compact area 160 kilometres wide, the highest point only 100 metres above sea level, and dominated by canals and rivers. Until the 19th century, commercial and military goods were largely transported by water and wars in this theatre generally fought for control of rivers such as the
1137:
was under instructions to delay, hoping their position in
Flanders would improve. In the January 1747 Hague Convention, Britain agreed to fund Austrian and Sardinian forces in Italy, and an Allied army of 140,000 in Flanders, increasing to 192,000 in 1748.
1193:
opened her mouth to swallow us up. As I was of the rear-guard, and among the hindmost of my troop, in retiring from the field of battle, 'tis a miracle I escaped. As the stragglers come in, we hope to make some abatement in the number said to be lost."
1113:, while the Austrians withdrew over the Jeker, before heading for Maastricht. Estimates of casualties vary, French losses being around 3,000 to 4,000 killed or wounded, those of the Allies between 8,000 and 10,000, including 3,000 prisoners.
1075:
A night of heavy rain was followed by thick mist and so the French did not begin the battle until the weather cleared around 10:00 am, when their artillery opened fire on the
British and Dutch positions. At the same time, two columns led by
856:
in 1713, only because neither the
British or Dutch would allow the other to control it. The Dutch also wanted peace, since the fighting badly affected trade and these factors played an important role in the 1746 campaign.
1141:
However, by late 1746, Austrian forces had expelled
Spanish Bourbon troops from Northern Italy and neither France nor Spain could afford to continue funding their campaign. With the removal of this threat,
1183:
British officer Jean-Louis
Ligonier about the Dutch: "...Attack'd our army yesterday by our left flank, where after a long resistance the Hollanders behaving extreamly well, were however forc'd by numbers"
1105:
later criticised
Charles of Lorraine for allegedly failing to support the British and Dutch, but Ligonier said he had acted in accordance with the plan agreed by the Allied leadership the night before.
1739:
De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden als grote mogendheid: Buitenlandse politiek en oorlogvoering in de eerste helft van de achttiende eeuw en in het bijzonder tijdens de Oostenrijkse Successieoorlog
1057:, making the movement of troops across it almost impossible; in the ensuing battle, this meant the Austrians played little part in the heavy fighting which took place on the Allied left and centre.
1053:
held the left, the British and Germans in the centre and the Austrians, who formed the largest part of the army, on the right. The Allied position was divided by several rivers and deep
329:
1109:
Saxe decided it was too late in the day to continue the attack, allowing his opponents to retreat with little interference. The British, Germans and Dutch crossed the Meuse on three
1101:
Austrians, who had not been directly engaged. Now that Waldeck was in danger of being cut off from the right wing, he too had to decide to retreat and abandoned his new positions.
1072:
fortified the villages of Rocoux, Varoux and Liers. Saxe decided to attack the Allied left and centre, leaving a small screening force to pin down the Austrians on the right.
844:
returned from Scotland to assume command of the Hanoverian and British troops. By now, only British subsidies kept their allies in the war; Austria's top priority was to regain
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fighting. Counter-attacks by the Dutch cavalry eventually allowed their infantry to pull back in good order. Waldeck took up a new position behind the road to
1951:
594:
510:
490:
1931:
604:
1042:, the next town on the Meuse. Most estimates of the numbers suggest between 70,000 and 75,000 Allied troops faced a French force of 110,000 to 120,000.
1834:
428:
413:
520:
315:
840:, the French had failed to achieve a decisive result, while the British still hoped to retrieve their position. With the defeat of the Rising in April,
1126:
557:
383:
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to finish with Charleroi, Saxe cut their supply lines, forcing them to retreat. By late September, Namur had fallen and the Allies moved to protect
572:
552:
525:
830:
1946:
671:
1050:
744:
265:
209:
1941:
762:, Saxe failed to achieve a decisive victory, and the two armies went into winter quarters to prepare for a new campaign in 1747.
676:
1966:
1961:
1146:
wanted peace to restructure her administration and allegedly used her British subsidies to pay for infrastructure projects in
868:
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736:
232:
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1859:
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220:
1936:
1907:
1813:
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1727:
1699:
1659:
1640:
1134:
1035:
1926:
17:
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and Lowendahl prepared a frontal attack. After the Liège authorities opened the town gates, a third column under
1125:, a well-organised retreat conducted by the Allies prevented Saxe from achieving a decisive victory. Led by the
754:, by 1746 France was struggling to finance the war, and opened bilateral peace negotiations with Britain at the
243:
1976:
1089:
which he hoped to retain. The order in which his troops had been withdrawn gave him some cause for confidence.
771:
708:
458:
339:
41:
1077:
198:
1981:
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79:
1956:
1102:
732:
468:
1603:
1669:
Goodman, Paul R (Spring 2020). "The Battle of Rocoux, 11 October 1746; Three Other Rank Accounts".
567:
249:
144:
1971:
814:
686:
480:
398:
1720:
International Relations in The New Cambridge Modern History: Volume 7, The Old Regime, 1713–1763
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forced Britain to transfer troops to Scotland. In the first months of 1746, the French took
1045:
Anchored on the left by the Liège suburbs, the Allied line ran through Rocoux to the River
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759:
681:
636:
433:
83:
8:
1203:
810:
666:
609:
495:
358:
271:
151:
1652:
The Nine Years' War and the British Army, 1688–1697: The Operations in the Low Countries
1678:
1155:
849:
798:
691:
661:
547:
448:
393:
1060:
790:; it was not until March 1744 that France formally declared war on Britain, while the
1903:
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1121:
Although Rocoux led to the capture of Liège, and opened the way for an attack on the
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75:
1877:
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Fontenoy and Great Britain's Share in the War of the Austrian Succession 1741—1748
1633:
Dictionnaire des batailles franco-anglaises de la Guerre de Succession d'Autriche
1621:
500:
403:
307:
187:
1843:
1768:
The Insatiable Earl: A Life of John Montagu, Fourth Earl of Sandwich, 1718-1792
1122:
1110:
1027:
791:
787:
530:
260:
168:
49:
1920:
1825:
History of England, from the Revolution to the Death of George II: Volume III
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The Austrian Netherlands and Southern Dutch Republic; key locations 1746–1748
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408:
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Neêrlands heldendaden te land, van de vroegste tijden af tot in onze dagen
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persuaded his allies to make another attempt, which ended with defeat at
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in August 1746. These proceeded slowly, since the British envoy
1147:
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1012:
996:
818:
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in April 1745 was followed by the capture of the key ports of
1130:
1046:
1031:
1000:
806:
782:; from 1739 to 1742, the main area of operations was in the
1556:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1413:
786:. British and Dutch troops initially fought as part of the
1879:"British Journals: Letters on the Battle of Rocoux, 1746"
1493:
1491:
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1265:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1900:
Marshal of France: The Life and Times of Maurice de Saxe
1832:
Wood, Stephen (2004). "Ligonier, John , Earl Ligonier".
1527:
1442:
1440:
1242:
1240:
1019:, then moved onto towns along the Meuse, beginning with
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in August. While Rocoux confirmed French control of the
1522:
British Journals: Letters on the Battle of Rocoux, 1746
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1129:, France began bilateral negotiations with Britain at
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Primarily consisting of Hanoverian and Hessian troops
27:
1746 battle during the War of the Austrian Succession
1544:
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Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research
1580:
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1324:
1150:. Hoping to retrieve the position in Flanders, the
1003:. Between February and July 1746, the French took
337:
829:; bolstered by these successes, Foreign Minister
1918:
1377:
1605:Militär-historisches Kriegs-Lexikon (1618–1905)
1202:A letter from Sampson Staniforth, a soldier in
135:
1654:(2013 ed.). Manchester University Press.
774:began in 1740, Britain was still fighting the
1952:Battles of the War of the Austrian Succession
323:
1932:Military history of the Austrian Netherlands
1858:
1838:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1787:The Birth of a Great Power System, 1740-1815
1689:
1562:
1538:
1419:
727:. It was fought between a French army under
330:
316:
794:officially remained neutral until 1747.
707:took place on 11 October 1746 during the
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1708:
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1271:
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108:
1835:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1717:
1668:
1619:
1509:
1497:
1446:
1371:
302:8,000-10,000 dead, wounded, or captured
14:
1919:
1808:(2022 ed.). Legare Street Press.
1803:
1765:
1756:
1692:Austria's Wars of Emergence, 1683-1797
1649:
1630:
1601:
1550:
1470:
1458:
1407:
1347:
1318:
1306:
1283:
1231:
1902:(2011 ed.). Literary Licensing.
1897:
1784:
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311:
1947:Battles involving the Dutch Republic
1831:
1383:
733:British, Dutch, German and Austrian
24:
959:
25:
1993:
1742:(in Dutch). De Bataafsche Leeuw.
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833:sent peace proposals to Britain.
750:Despite a series of victories in
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48:
1942:Battles involving Great Britain
1761:(in French). Ernest Flammarion.
1759:Batailles françaises; Volume VI
1713:(in French). éditions du Céfal.
1476:
1196:
1186:
1177:
1168:
889:
1722:. Cambridge University Press.
1690:Hochedlinger, Michael (2003).
903:
772:War of the Austrian Succession
709:War of the Austrian Succession
341:War of the Austrian Succession
299:3,000 to 4,000 dead or wounded
42:War of the Austrian Succession
13:
1:
1967:1746 in the Habsburg monarchy
1962:1746 in the Holy Roman Empire
1214:
945:
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1852:UK public library membership
1711:La bataille de Rocourt: 1746
1631:Castex, Jean-Claude (2012).
1116:
7:
1737:Nimwegen, Olaf van (2002).
836:Despite their victories in
54:The Battle of Roucoux, 1746
10:
1998:
1804:Skrine, Francis H (1905).
1635:(in French). Phare-Ouest.
1620:Bosscha, Johannes (1838).
1595:
1937:Battles involving Hanover
1823:Smollett, Tobias (1796).
1757:Périni, Hardÿ de (1896).
1709:Lambotte, Miguel (2000).
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721:Prince-Bishopric of Liège
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1927:Battles involving France
1485:Vol. XVI, 1746, page 542
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1144:Maria Theresa of Austria
1602:Bodart, Gaston (1908).
687:Jacobite rising of 1745
1844:10.1093/ref:odnb/16693
1785:Scott, Hamish (2015).
1097:
1068:
1066:Pierre-Nicolas Lenfant
852:and they acquired the
353:Flanders and the Rhine
175:Commanders and leaders
1977:1746 in Great Britain
1650:Childs, John (1991).
1626:(in Dutch). Suringar.
1095:
1064:Battle of Rocoux, by
1063:
982:Often referred to as
294:Casualties and losses
1766:Rodger, NAM (1993).
1718:Lindsay, JO (1957).
1483:Gentleman's Magazine
988:Austrian Netherlands
974:class=notpageimage|
854:Austrian Netherlands
815:1745 Jacobite Rising
760:Austrian Netherlands
84:Austrian Netherlands
1898:White, Jon (1962).
1473:, pp. 322–323.
1127:Marquis de Puisieux
1030:prepared to defend
776:War of Jenkins' Ear
737:Charles of Lorraine
667:Second Silesian War
657:War of Jenkins' Ear
475:Bohemia and Moravia
233:Charles of Lorraine
1864:Britishbattles.com
1860:"Battle of Rocoux"
1770:. Harper Collins.
1098:
1069:
1049:; the Dutch under
797:French victory at
715:(or Rocoux), near
692:First Carnatic War
662:First Silesian War
286:100,000 to 120,000
276:Ludwig von Zastrow
1957:Conflicts in 1746
1850:(Subscription or
1563:Hochedlinger 2003
1420:Hochedlinger 2003
1410:, pp. 32–33.
1398:, pp. 58–60.
1362:, pp. 48–50.
1152:Duke of Newcastle
1078:Clermont-Tonnerre
1026:In mid-July, the
756:Congress of Breda
700:
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682:King George's War
672:Italian campaigns
306:
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289:70,000 to 100,000
199:Clermont-Tonnerre
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16:(Redirected from
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1885:. 2 April 2015
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1677:(392): 24–32.
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1123:Dutch Republic
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1034:; leaving the
1028:Pragmatic Army
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503:
498:
493:
488:
483:
477:
476:
472:
471:
466:
464:Rhine Campaign
461:
459:Bergen op Zoom
456:
451:
446:
441:
436:
431:
426:
421:
416:
411:
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
381:
376:
371:
366:
361:
355:
354:
350:
347:
346:
335:
334:
327:
320:
312:
304:
303:
300:
296:
295:
291:
290:
287:
283:
282:
278:
277:
266:Prince Waldeck
223:
177:
176:
172:
171:
169:Dutch Republic
121:
105:
104:
100:
99:
96:
95:
94:French victory
92:
88:
87:
74:
72:
68:
67:
64:
56:
55:
45:
44:
37:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1994:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1911:
1905:
1901:
1896:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1836:
1830:
1826:
1821:
1817:
1811:
1807:
1802:
1798:
1792:
1789:. Routledge.
1788:
1783:
1779:
1773:
1769:
1764:
1760:
1755:
1751:
1745:
1741:
1735:
1731:
1725:
1721:
1716:
1712:
1707:
1703:
1697:
1694:. Routledge.
1693:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1667:
1663:
1657:
1653:
1648:
1644:
1638:
1634:
1629:
1625:
1624:
1618:
1607:
1606:
1600:
1599:
1589:, p. 62.
1588:
1583:
1577:, p. 61.
1576:
1571:
1564:
1559:
1553:, p. 42.
1552:
1547:
1540:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1523:
1518:
1512:, p. 31.
1511:
1506:
1499:
1494:
1492:
1484:
1479:
1472:
1467:
1460:
1455:
1449:, p. 24.
1448:
1443:
1441:
1433:
1432:Smollett 1796
1428:
1421:
1416:
1409:
1404:
1397:
1392:
1385:
1380:
1373:
1368:
1361:
1356:
1349:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1332:
1327:
1320:
1315:
1308:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1285:
1280:
1273:
1272:Nimwegen 2002
1268:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1249:, p. 49.
1248:
1247:Lambotte 2000
1243:
1241:
1233:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1219:
1205:
1204:Graham's Foot
1199:
1189:
1180:
1171:
1167:
1159:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1139:
1136:
1135:Lord Sandwich
1132:
1128:
1124:
1114:
1112:
1107:
1104:
1094:
1090:
1088:
1083:
1079:
1073:
1067:
1062:
1058:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1024:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
989:
985:
975:
870:
858:
855:
851:
847:
843:
842:Earl Ligonier
839:
834:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
795:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
763:
761:
757:
753:
748:
746:
742:
741:John Ligonier
738:
735:force led by
734:
730:
726:
723:, now modern
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
655:
654:
650:
647:
646:
642:
641:
638:
635:
633:
630:
628:
625:
624:
620:
619:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
596:
593:
591:
588:
587:
583:
582:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
540:
536:
535:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
502:
499:
497:
494:
492:
489:
487:
484:
482:
479:
478:
474:
473:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
455:
452:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
365:
362:
360:
357:
356:
352:
351:
348:
343:
333:
328:
326:
321:
319:
314:
313:
310:
301:
298:
297:
292:
288:
285:
284:
279:
273:
267:
262:
256:
255:Earl Ligonier
251:
245:
240:
234:
229:
224:
222:
217:
211:
206:
200:
195:
189:
184:
179:
178:
173:
170:
158:
153:
146:
145:Great Britain
133:
122:
119:
107:
106:
101:
93:
90:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
70:
69:
65:
62:
61:
57:
51:
46:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
1899:
1887:. Retrieved
1882:
1867:. Retrieved
1863:
1833:
1824:
1805:
1786:
1767:
1758:
1738:
1719:
1710:
1691:
1674:
1670:
1651:
1632:
1622:
1609:. Retrieved
1604:
1582:
1570:
1558:
1546:
1517:
1510:Goodman 2020
1505:
1498:Bosscha 1838
1482:
1478:
1466:
1454:
1447:Goodman 2020
1427:
1415:
1403:
1391:
1379:
1372:Lindsay 1957
1367:
1355:
1326:
1314:
1279:
1198:
1188:
1179:
1170:
1140:
1120:
1108:
1099:
1074:
1070:
1044:
1025:
1023:(see Map).
981:
835:
813:, while the
796:
769:
749:
729:Marshal Saxe
704:
702:
615:Pfaffenhofen
443:
103:Belligerents
40:Part of the
29:
1740:(1740–1748)
1551:Rodger 1993
1471:Périni 1896
1459:Périni 1896
1408:Childs 1991
1348:Périni 1896
1319:Castex 2012
1307:Bodart 1908
1284:Skrine 1905
1232:Castex 2012
1082:de Contades
677:Sea battles
649:Kesselsdorf
578:Hennersdorf
543:Groß-Glogau
379:Wissembourg
374:Lauterbourg
221:de Contades
1921:Categories
1854:required.)
1827:. T Capel.
1611:4 February
1587:Scott 2015
1575:Scott 2015
1396:Scott 2015
1360:Scott 2015
1331:White 1962
1215:References
966:Maastricht
831:d'Argenson
811:Nieuwpoort
766:Background
627:St. Pölten
605:Ingolstadt
595:Deggendorf
516:3rd Prague
506:2nd Prague
481:1st Prague
469:Maastricht
1384:Wood 2004
1117:Aftermath
1103:George II
1021:Charleroi
938:Charleroi
784:Caribbean
770:When the
632:Schärding
610:Vilshofen
600:Straubing
496:Chotusitz
414:Oudenarde
359:Dettingen
1683:27024825
1156:Lauffeld
1087:Tongeren
1005:Brussels
984:Flanders
882:Brussels
838:Flanders
823:Brussels
799:Fontenoy
752:Flanders
548:Mollwitz
511:2nd Eger
491:1st Eger
449:Lauffeld
424:Brussels
394:Fontenoy
389:Breisgau
281:Strength
71:Location
1596:Sources
1055:ravines
1051:Waldeck
1009:Antwerp
896:Antwerp
850:Prussia
846:Silesia
827:Antwerp
819:Louvain
725:Belgium
719:in the
713:Rocourt
621:Austria
590:Simbach
584:Bavaria
537:Silesia
521:Budweis
429:Antwerp
419:Ostende
399:Tournai
157:Hanover
76:Rocourt
1906:
1889:7 July
1869:7 July
1848:
1812:
1793:
1774:
1746:
1726:
1698:
1681:
1658:
1639:
1148:Vienna
1013:Leuven
997:Sambre
986:, the
910:Leuven
861:Battle
803:Ostend
643:Saxony
558:Neisse
486:Olmütz
444:Rocoux
384:Furnes
166:
142:
129:
118:France
115:
91:Result
1679:JSTOR
1162:Notes
1131:Breda
1047:Jeker
1040:Liège
1032:Namur
1001:Meuse
952:Namur
924:Liège
848:from
807:Ghent
780:Spain
778:with
717:Liège
711:, at
573:Kosel
563:Glatz
553:Brieg
526:Tabor
501:Sahay
454:Hulst
439:Namur
409:Ghent
404:Melle
369:Ypres
364:Menin
1904:ISBN
1891:2019
1871:2019
1810:ISBN
1791:ISBN
1772:ISBN
1744:ISBN
1724:ISBN
1696:ISBN
1656:ISBN
1637:ISBN
1613:2023
1017:Mons
1015:and
999:and
825:and
809:and
743:and
703:The
637:Linz
531:Soor
434:Mons
63:Date
1840:doi
993:Lys
747:.
1923::
1881:.
1862:.
1675:98
1673:.
1529:^
1490:^
1439:^
1338:^
1291:^
1254:^
1239:^
1222:^
1011:,
1007:,
995:,
821:,
805:,
739:,
82:,
78:,
1912:.
1893:.
1873:.
1846:.
1842::
1818:.
1799:.
1780:.
1752:.
1732:.
1704:.
1685:.
1664:.
1645:.
1615:.
1541:.
1524:.
1386:.
331:e
324:t
317:v
20:)
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