378:
learned of this matter, so he headed to
Alexandria, Egypt, so that the fleet commander would hand over his entire fleet to Muhammad Ali to be under his command. But European countries, led by Britain, refused to see a strong empire in the East in Egypt threatening Britain's trade route to its colonies in India. European fleets gathered and the London Treaty of 1840 was concluded, which resulted in Egypt being stripped of all its newly acquired territories and deprived of the fruits of its victory, and indeed the matter ended with the complete withdrawal of the Egyptian forces from all of the Levant and the imposition of restrictions, including that the size of the Egyptian army was not to exceed 18 thousand fighters, whereas before it had exceeded 300 thousand. Moreover, Muhammad Ali Pasha was required to accept that his rule for Egypt and Sudan was subordinate to the Ottoman state.
2582:
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assigned to attack, as the attack is undoubtedly more difficult. But
Ibrahim Pasha's army was more complete and more combat-oriented. Ibrahim Pasha and his chief of staff, Suleiman Pasha Ali, had one opinion, while Hafez Pasha and his Chief of Staff Moltech had two different opinions. Ibrahim Pasha's officers respected and feared him, and all of them had earned their ranks from his wall and merit. As for the officers of the Turkish army, most of them were among the leaders of the rulers and ministers in Istanbul.
37:
2642:
335:, southwest of Nezib, with the Nezib river on their left. Ibrahim advanced his force, under heavy Ottoman artillery fire, towards the Ottoman lines. At the same time, the Ottoman line began to take Egyptian artillery fire, and were suffering losses. By the time Ibrahim's infantry had encountered the Ottoman line, Hafiz's army was in complete rout, the Egyptian artillery having broken their morale. The Ottoman army was composed mainly of recently subdued
2636:
361:
The two armies were close together. Hafez Pasha, the commander of the
Ottoman army, spent an entire month digging trenches and establishing strongholds and fortresses, and his army was flexible to defend and attack in that region, and there was a difference between those who stood to defend and those
353:
In terms of training the
Egyptian army, he was trained in the latest military methods in terms of organizing ranks, speed of movement and maneuvering, the presence of Suleiman Pasha the French as chief of staff of the Egyptian army, and the leadership of Ibrahim Pasha, who became an expert on how to
357:
On the other hand, the
Ottoman army enjoyed the preference in terms of preparation, as the Ottoman army was better supplied with supplies and had rested for several weeks in its camp, unlike the Egyptian soldiers who were exhausted by the march to meet the Ottoman army under the heat of the sun at
369:“Ibrahim Pasha’s camp is a soldier’s camp. As for your camp, it is like the pilgrims’ strikes. In Ibrahim's camp you only see soldiers with their weapons, besides their horses and cannons. As for your camp, I saw the Jews, merchants, scholars, and jurists. Your camp is like pilgrimage rackets.”
377:
The
Turkish army was wiped out, the spoil of its weapons was almost complete, and thousands of prisoners agreed to transfer their allegiance to the Egyptian army, so they were dispatched to Egypt, and thus the road became open for Ibrahim Pasha to enter the Ottoman capital, and the Ottoman fleet
323:
and to await expected reinforcements, as Çerkes Hafız Mehmed Paşa's forces were outmatched in quality by the advancing
Egyptians. Initially Hafiz acquiesced to Moltke, but not long after he decided to maintain his army's position, due to the advice of his
365:
One story narrates how Hafez Pasha, the commander of the
Ottoman army, asked a prisoner from Ibrahim Pasha's army his opinion in the two camps, then the Egyptian prisoner told him after Çerkes Hafız Mehmed Paşa gave him safety:
218:
347:
The two armies were well equipped and balanced. The number of soldiers in each army was approximately forty thousand men, supported by artillery and knights. Constantine Bazili says:
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139:
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Several hours prior to when the major combat began, von Moltke had pleaded Çerkes Hafız Mehmed Paşa to withdraw to a more secure and fortified position near
262:
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28:
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350:"Since he applied European tactics in the East, he has never met in the battlefield of Al-Wa better than these two armies."
1335:
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2500:
2205:
1995:
1915:
1902:
1775:
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1280:
1080:
1004:
642:
398:
A History of the
Egyptian Revolution, from the Period of the Mamelukes to the Death of Mohammed Ali
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1602:
1458:
1430:
460:
2473:
2457:
2417:
2368:
2180:
2144:
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2031:
2000:
1955:
1950:
1921:
1836:
1597:
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999:
927:
921:
2013:
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2720:
2411:
2357:
2154:
2127:
1897:
1617:
1576:
1486:
1451:
1303:
1248:
1157:
1150:
1091:
939:
911:
877:
300:
257:
126:
1926:
817:
634:
583:
History of Europe from the Fall of
Napoleon in 1815 to the Accession of Louis Napoleon in 1852
2381:
2315:
2295:
2122:
1965:
1931:
1416:
1376:
1177:
1136:
882:
832:
698:
507:
424:
267:
2346:
1670:
1587:
1409:
2406:
2310:
2285:
2251:
2200:
2133:
2042:
1960:
1937:
1891:
1770:
1645:
1623:
1564:
1510:
1499:
1274:
1261:
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1065:
822:
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782:
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1297:
916:
850:
800:
8:
2660:
2593:
2433:
2428:
2352:
2340:
2300:
2256:
1990:
1694:
1607:
1492:
1423:
1223:
1103:
1040:
838:
726:
1164:
805:
454:
2515:
2510:
2274:
2267:
2261:
2239:
2210:
2174:
2169:
2159:
2062:
1975:
1970:
1857:
1780:
1710:
1704:
1292:
1143:
1110:
1009:
994:
989:
899:
894:
888:
733:
2187:
2117:
1699:
332:
62:
2439:
2423:
2391:
2233:
2215:
2194:
2037:
2006:
1758:
1681:
1634:
1592:
1505:
1481:
1470:
1437:
1286:
1241:
1217:
1183:
775:
768:
747:
740:
705:
558:
513:
450:
430:
1724:
2652:
2468:
2106:
2100:
1944:
1877:
1612:
1320:
1097:
1085:
1059:
1046:
1029:
864:
844:
827:
811:
712:
196:
2520:
2505:
2490:
2386:
2320:
2280:
2220:
2164:
2112:
1985:
1980:
1735:
1717:
1639:
1528:
1464:
1382:
1267:
1024:
933:
905:
794:
284:
36:
2656:
2589:
2396:
2290:
2245:
1402:
1075:
669:
146:
134:
107:
102:
553:
Aydin, Suavi; Verheij, Jelle (2012). Jongerden, Joost; Verheij, Jelle (eds.).
2699:
2362:
1204:
1070:
620:
607:
296:
95:
295:) was fought on 24 June 1839 between Egypt and the Ottoman Empire. The
599:, p. 480. Macmillan and Co., 1882. Item notes: v.46 1882 May-Oct
331:
The Ottoman troops under Çerkes Hafız Mehmed Paşa were positioned at
2641:
320:
2635:
543:, p. 480. Macmillan and Co., 1882. Item notes: v.46 1882 May-Oct
664:
325:
311:
playing an advisory role, in command of the Ottoman artillery.
336:
292:
404:. Vol. II (2nd ed.). Trübner & Co. p. 133
41:
Helmuth von Moltke (left) advises Çerkes Hafiz Mehmed Pasha
479:
477:
474:
509:
The Pasha: How Mehemet Ali Defied the West, 1839-1841
2588:
This article about a battle in Ottoman history is a
226:
16:Battle between Egypt and the Ottoman Empire (1839)
592:, p. 678. University of Virginia Press, 1911
555:Social Relations in Ottoman Diyarbekir, 1870-1915
2697:
2680:
2613:
650:
496:, p. 678. University of Virginia Press, 1911.
443:
212:
552:
2542:List of Ottoman battles in the 20th century
2687:
2673:
2620:
2606:
657:
643:
449:
219:
205:
35:
499:
372:
416:
2698:
2551:List of Ottoman battles in World War I
505:
339:conscripts, and their morale was low.
2537:For 20th-century battles before 1914
638:
394:
354:defeat the Ottoman armies years ago,
200:
2711:Battles involving the Ottoman Empire
2629:
2576:
422:
188:Less than the losses of the Ottomans
2546:For the battles during World War I
546:
456:Commentaries Upon International Law
288:
13:
585:, p. 538. W. Blackwood, 1856.
459:. T. & J. W. Johnson. p.
14:
2757:
342:
303:, while the Ottomans were led by
2640:
2634:
2580:
395:Paton, Andrew Archibald (1870).
230:Egyptian–Ottoman War (1839–1841)
145:
133:
120:
101:
89:
29:Egyptian–Ottoman War (1839–1841)
2706:Battles involving Ottoman Egypt
575:
533:
486:
388:
1:
2731:History of Gaziantep Province
512:. McFarland. pp. 22–30.
381:
358:the beginning of the summer.
2659:. You can help Knowledge by
2592:. You can help Knowledge by
309:Helmuth von Moltke the Elder
7:
590:The Encyclopædia Britannica
506:Ufford, Letitia W. (2007).
494:The Encyclopædia Britannica
10:
2762:
2628:
2575:
152:Captain Helmuth von Moltke
2561:Ottoman victories are in
2559:
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2088:
2075:
2023:
1869:
1856:
1744:
1347:
1334:
1233:
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677:
557:. Brill. pp. 34–35.
483:Alison, Archibald, p.538.
314:
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182:
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113:
82:
45:
34:
26:
21:
305:Çerkes Hafız Mehmed Paşa
140:Çerkes Hafız Mehmed Paşa
429:. Longman. p. 81.
2746:Egyptian history stubs
2655:-related article is a
423:Wood, Anthony (1984).
127:Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt
114:Commanders and leaders
373:European intervention
183:Casualties and losses
2741:Ottoman battle stubs
597:Macmillan's Magazine
541:Macmillan's Magazine
65:, southwest of Nezib
617: /
581:Alison, Archibald,
451:Phillimore, Robert
176:9 cavalry division
167:8 cavarly division
2716:Conflicts in 1839
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1339:(1550–1700)
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974:(1453–1550)
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964:
682:(1299–1453)
621:37.017°N 37.800°E
519:978-0-7864-2893-9
436:978-0-582-35349-7
426:Europe, 1815-1960
276:
275:
195:
194:
78:
77:
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2736:June 1839 events
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2653:Egyptian history
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2630:
2622:
2615:
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2464:2nd Kerch Strait
2086:
2085:
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2053:1st Kerch Strait
1867:
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1310:Strait of Hormuz
1172:Peñón of Algiers
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492:Chisholm, Hugh,
490:
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403:
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290:
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207:
198:
197:
150:
149:
138:
137:
125:
124:
123:
106:
105:
94:
93:
92:
74:Egyptian victory
47:
46:
39:
19:
18:
2761:
2760:
2756:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2751:
2750:
2696:
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2694:
2693:
2639:
2633:
2627:
2626:
2573:
2571:
2566:
2555:
2525:
2486:6th Dardanelles
2480:5th Dardanelles
2445:
2079:
2078:
2067:
2019:
1860:
1859:
1848:
1804:4th Dardanelles
1798:3rd Dardanelles
1793:2nd Dardanelles
1787:1st Dardanelles
1740:
1552:2nd Zrínyiújvár
1547:1st Zrínyiújvár
1542:Jurjeve Stijene
1338:
1337:
1326:
1229:
973:
972:
961:
945:
681:
680:
673:
663:
625:
623:
619:
616:
611:
608:
606:
604:
603:
595:Masson, David,
578:
573:
572:
565:
551:
547:
539:Masson, David,
538:
534:
524:
522:
520:
504:
500:
491:
487:
482:
475:
465:
463:
448:
444:
437:
421:
417:
407:
405:
401:
393:
389:
384:
375:
345:
317:
291:) (present-day
281:Battle of Nezib
277:
272:
234:
229:
227:
225:
178:160 artilleries
177:
175:
173:
169:160 artilleries
168:
166:
164:
144:
142:
132:
121:
119:
100:
90:
88:
66:
40:
22:Battle of Nezib
17:
12:
11:
5:
2759:
2749:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2692:
2691:
2684:
2677:
2669:
2666:
2665:
2648:
2625:
2624:
2617:
2610:
2602:
2599:
2598:
2585:
2568:
2567:
2560:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2553:
2544:
2534:
2531:
2530:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2453:
2451:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2443:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2372:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2271:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2242:
2237:
2230:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2191:
2184:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2103:
2098:
2092:
2090:
2083:
2073:
2072:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2027:
2025:
2021:
2020:
2018:
2017:
2010:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1941:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1912:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1888:
1881:
1873:
1871:
1864:
1854:
1853:
1850:
1849:
1847:
1846:
1839:
1834:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1783:
1778:
1776:Cape Celidonia
1773:
1768:
1761:
1756:
1748:
1746:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1721:
1714:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1685:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1661:
1654:
1649:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1573:
1571:Saint Gotthard
1568:
1561:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1532:
1525:
1520:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1496:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1467:
1462:
1455:
1448:
1445:Alcácer Quibir
1441:
1434:
1427:
1420:
1413:
1406:
1399:
1392:
1385:
1380:
1373:
1366:
1359:
1351:
1349:
1342:
1336:Transformation
1332:
1331:
1328:
1327:
1325:
1324:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1283:
1278:
1271:
1264:
1259:
1252:
1245:
1237:
1235:
1231:
1230:
1228:
1227:
1220:
1215:
1208:
1201:
1194:
1187:
1180:
1175:
1168:
1161:
1154:
1147:
1140:
1133:
1126:
1121:
1114:
1107:
1100:
1095:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1056:
1049:
1044:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
986:
984:
977:
967:
966:
963:
962:
960:
959:
953:
951:
947:
946:
944:
943:
940:Constantinople
936:
931:
924:
919:
914:
909:
902:
897:
892:
885:
880:
875:
868:
861:
854:
847:
842:
835:
830:
825:
820:
815:
808:
803:
798:
791:
786:
779:
772:
765:
758:
751:
744:
737:
730:
723:
716:
709:
702:
694:
692:
685:
675:
674:
670:Ottoman Empire
668:involving the
662:
661:
654:
647:
639:
626:37.017; 37.800
601:
600:
593:
586:
577:
574:
571:
570:
563:
545:
532:
518:
498:
485:
473:
442:
435:
415:
386:
385:
383:
380:
374:
371:
344:
343:The two armies
341:
316:
313:
274:
273:
271:
270:
265:
260:
255:
250:
245:
239:
236:
235:
224:
223:
216:
209:
201:
193:
192:
189:
185:
184:
180:
179:
172:≈30,000–80,000
170:
163:≈30,000–46,000
160:
159:
155:
154:
129:
116:
115:
111:
110:
108:Ottoman Empire
98:
85:
84:
80:
79:
76:
75:
72:
68:
67:
61:
59:
55:
54:
51:
43:
42:
32:
31:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2758:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2726:1839 in Egypt
2724:
2722:
2721:1830s battles
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2703:
2701:
2690:
2685:
2683:
2678:
2676:
2671:
2670:
2664:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2649:
2643:
2637:
2632:
2631:
2623:
2618:
2616:
2611:
2609:
2604:
2603:
2597:
2595:
2591:
2586:
2583:
2579:
2578:
2574:
2564:
2558:
2552:
2549:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2536:
2535:
2532:
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2077:Modernization
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2024:Naval battles
2022:
2016:
2015:
2011:
2009:
2008:
2004:
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1999:
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1745:Naval battles
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1234:Naval battles
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971:Classical Age
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564:9789004225183
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301:Ibrahim Pasha
298:
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269:
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38:
33:
30:
25:
20:
2661:expanding it
2650:
2647:
2594:expanding it
2587:
2572:
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2538:
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2456:
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2416:
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2345:
2325:
2273:
2266:
2244:
2232:
2225:
2193:
2186:
2179:
2132:
2105:
2089:Land battles
2030:
2012:
2005:
1943:
1936:
1914:
1907:
1903:2nd Belgrade
1898:Petrovaradin
1890:
1883:
1876:
1870:Land battles
1841:
1829:
1802:
1785:
1763:
1751:
1723:
1716:
1709:
1689:Egri Palanka
1687:
1680:
1663:
1656:
1644:
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1575:
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1436:
1429:
1422:
1415:
1408:
1401:
1394:
1387:
1375:
1368:
1361:
1354:
1348:Land battles
1319:
1315:Gulf of Oman
1302:
1285:
1273:
1266:
1254:
1247:
1240:
1222:
1210:
1203:
1196:
1189:
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1135:
1128:
1123:
1116:
1109:
1102:
1090:
1058:
1051:
1039:
1005:1st Belgrade
983:Land battles
938:
926:
904:
887:
878:Hermannstadt
870:
863:
858:Thessalonica
856:
849:
837:
810:
793:
783:Philadelphia
781:
774:
767:
762:Sırp Sındığı
760:
753:
746:
739:
732:
725:
718:
711:
704:
699:Kulaca Hisar
697:
691:Land battles
602:
596:
589:
582:
576:Bibliography
554:
548:
540:
535:
523:. Retrieved
508:
501:
493:
488:
464:. Retrieved
455:
445:
425:
418:
406:. Retrieved
397:
390:
376:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
349:
346:
330:
318:
299:were led by
280:
278:
253:Nahr al-Kalb
242:
131:
96:Egypt Eyalet
83:Belligerents
53:24 June 1839
27:Part of the
2382:Shipka Pass
2336:Başgedikler
2331:Akhaltsikhe
2296:Akhaltsikhe
2140:Mount Tabor
2123:Shubra Khit
2058:2nd Ochakov
2001:2nd Ochakov
1961:Stavunchany
1956:1st Ochakov
1500:Nagykanizsa
1178:Leobersdorf
624: /
174:17 infantry
165:14 infantry
2700:Categories
2376:Kızıl Tepe
2252:Dervenakia
2150:Heliopolis
2014:Karánsebes
1938:Banja Luka
1858:Old Regime
1843:Samothrace
1771:Cape Corvo
1665:Negroponte
1652:2nd Mohács
1646:Vrtijeljka
1613:2nd Vienna
1598:2nd Khotyn
1583:Krasnobród
1523:1st Khotyn
1511:Tashiskari
1477:Călugăreni
1424:Gvozdansko
1396:Mostaganem
1275:Formentera
1268:1st Jeddah
1165:1st Mohács
1130:Mercidabık
1066:Breadfield
1053:Valea Albă
1015:Târgoviște
1000:2nd Oranik
928:2nd Kosovo
922:1st Oranik
823:Karanovasa
789:Dubravnica
755:Adrianople
525:29 October
466:29 October
408:28 October
382:References
191:Very heavy
2434:Velestino
2429:Al Wajbah
2353:Eupatoria
2341:Kurekdere
2301:Kulevicha
2257:Karpenisi
2227:Drăgășani
1991:Kozludzha
1927:Yeghevārd
1831:Oinousses
1695:Slankamen
1608:Trembowla
1558:Novi Zrin
1493:Keresztes
1487:2nd Brest
1452:1st Brest
1224:Sokhoista
1212:Esztergom
1137:Han Yunus
1081:Cătlăbuga
1041:Otlukbeli
1020:2nd Mokra
957:Gallipoli
912:1st Mokra
872:Novo Brdo
839:Nicopolis
818:Kırkdilim
741:Gallipoli
727:Pelekanon
297:Egyptians
289:معركة نزب
2516:Navarino
2511:Gerontas
2474:Kaliakra
2407:Taşkesen
2397:4th Kars
2363:3rd Kars
2358:Chernaya
2347:Oltenița
2311:2nd Acre
2286:2nd Kars
2275:Phaleron
2268:Kamatero
2262:Arachova
2240:Vasilika
2211:Valtetsi
2175:Al-Safra
2170:Slobozia
2160:Arpachai
2134:1st Acre
2128:Pyramids
2063:Fidonisi
1976:Aspindza
1971:Khresili
1966:1st Kars
1825:Mytilene
1781:Focchies
1711:Moulouya
1705:Ustechko
1671:Batočina
1588:Niemirów
1536:Köbölkút
1363:Temesvár
1293:Girolata
1256:Balearic
1144:Ridanieh
1124:Koçhisar
1111:Turnadag
1104:Çaldıran
1010:Albulena
995:Krusevac
990:Leskovac
900:Torvioll
895:Kunovica
889:Zlatitsa
734:Demotika
453:(1854).
263:Boharsef
158:Strength
58:Location
2563:italics
2501:Nauplia
2496:Algiers
2440:Domokos
2424:Mouzaki
2412:Novšiće
2392:Aladzha
2369:Al-Hasa
2306:Algiers
2234:Sculeni
2216:Doliana
2206:Erzurum
2195:Alamana
2107:Giurgiu
2096:Focșani
2038:Matapan
2007:Mehadia
1996:Kinburn
1951:Perekop
1916:Samarra
1909:Kurijan
1820:Algiers
1815:Algiers
1810:Algiers
1759:Lepanto
1682:Zernest
1676:2nd Niš
1635:Eperjes
1618:Párkány
1593:Komarno
1577:Ładyżyn
1506:Sufiyan
1482:Giurgiu
1438:Torches
1410:Szigeth
1389:Tlemcen
1356:Tlemcen
1298:Alborán
1287:Preveza
1242:Zonchio
1218:Karagak
1198:Algiers
1191:Baghdad
1184:Gorjani
1158:Tlemcen
1118:Algiers
1060:Shkodra
917:Otonetë
883:1st Niš
865:Golubac
851:Çamurlu
801:Pločnik
776:Maritsa
769:Samokov
748:Ihtiman
706:Bapheus
666:Battles
612:37°48′E
337:Kurdish
326:mullahs
321:Birecik
307:, with
2469:Tendra
2458:Andros
2418:Ulcinj
2387:Plevna
2201:Gravia
2181:Jeddah
2145:Abukir
2113:Izmail
2101:Rymnik
2048:Patras
2032:Imbros
1945:Grocka
1922:Kirkuk
1878:Chelif
1837:Andros
1753:Cyprus
1658:Crimea
1529:Candia
1517:Cecora
1431:Çıldır
1370:Palast
1321:Djerba
1098:Dubica
1092:Krbava
1086:Vrpile
1047:Vaslui
1030:Vaikal
845:Ankara
828:Rovine
812:Kosovo
806:Bileća
720:Nicaea
713:Dimbos
672:by era
609:37°1′N
561:
516:
433:
315:Battle
285:Arabic
248:Beirut
71:Result
2651:This
2521:Sinop
2506:Samos
2491:Athos
2326:Nezib
2321:Konya
2291:Varna
2281:Petra
2221:Lalas
2188:Čegar
2165:Batin
2155:Derna
2118:Măcin
2043:Çeşme
1986:Kagul
1981:Larga
1932:Ganja
1892:Pruth
1765:Tunis
1736:Zenta
1718:Lugos
1700:Hodów
1640:Kassa
1565:Jijel
1471:Banat
1465:Sisak
1459:Bihać
1403:Krupa
1383:Tadla
1304:Ponza
1281:Tunis
1249:Modon
1151:Jajce
1076:Adana
1035:Meçad
1025:Ohrid
934:Polog
906:Varna
833:Ohrid
795:Savra
402:(PDF)
333:Mezar
293:Nizip
258:Sidon
243:Nezib
63:Mezar
2657:stub
2590:stub
2316:Hims
2246:Peta
1885:Oran
1731:Azov
1725:Ulaş
1624:Buda
1603:Lwów
1205:Pest
679:Rise
559:ISBN
527:2016
514:ISBN
468:2016
431:ISBN
410:2016
279:The
268:Acre
50:Date
2548:see
2539:see
1630:Vác
1417:Fez
1377:Fez
1262:Diu
1071:Una
461:332
2702::
476:^
328:.
287::
2688:e
2681:t
2674:v
2663:.
2621:e
2614:t
2607:v
2596:.
2565:.
658:e
651:t
644:v
567:.
529:.
470:.
439:.
412:.
283:(
220:e
213:t
206:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
