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Battle of Hill 170

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was heavily mortared and machine gunned, yet he moved about among his men keeping them alert and encouraging them, though under fire himself at the time. When the enemy, some 300 strong in all, made their first assault they concentrated all their efforts on his platoon of 24 men, but, in spite of the ferocity of the attack, he moved about from trench to trench distributing ammunition, and firing his rifle and throwing grenades at the enemy, often from completely exposed positions. Later, when the crew of one of his forward Bren Guns had all been wounded, he sent back to Troop Headquarters for another crew and ran forward to man the gun himself until they arrived. The enemy was then less than 10 yards (9.1 m) from him in dead ground down the hill, so, in order to get a better field of fire, he stood on top of the trench, firing the light machine gun from his hip, and successfully keeping them at a distance until a Medical Orderly had dressed and evacuated the wounded men behind him. The new Bren team also became casualties on the way up, and Lieutenant Knowland continued to fire the gun until another team took over. Later, when a fresh attack came in, he took over a 2-inch mortar and in spite of heavy fire and the closeness of the enemy, he stood up in the open to face them, firing the mortar from his hip and killing six of them with his first bomb. When all bombs were expended he went back through heavy grenade, mortar and machine gun fire to get more, which he fired in the same way from the open in front of his platoon positions. When those bombs were finished, he went back to his own trench, and still standing up fired his rifle at them. Being hard pressed and with enemy closing in on him from only 10 yards away, he had no time to re-charge his magazine. Snatching up the Tommy gun of a casualty, he sprayed the enemy and was mortally wounded stemming this assault, though not before he had killed and wounded many of the enemy. Such was the inspiration of his magnificent heroism, that, though fourteen out of twenty four of his platoon became casualties at an early stage, and six of his positions were overrun by the enemy, his men held on through twelve hours of continuous and fierce fighting until reinforcements arrived. If this Northern end of the hill had fallen, the rest of the hill would have been endangered, the beach-head dominated by the enemy, and other units farther inland cut off from their source of supplies. As it was, the final successful counter-attack was later launched from the vital ground which Lieutenant Knowland had taken such a gallant part in holding.
614: 194: 162: 81: 671:(18 m) against massed machine gun fire. The next counter-attack was by X Troop, No. 42 Commando supported by the remaining Sherman tank that also failed in the face of the heavy Japanese fire. The commandos then responded by bringing all available artillery and mortar fire down on the Japanese positions. At 14:00, No. 6 Troop, No. 1 Commando put in a counter-attack but this also failed, with the troop losing nearly half of its men. To the east of Hill 170 on "Pinner", No. 5 Commando was by then relieved by the 8/ 182: 756: 149: 744: 663:
of a fierce artillery bombardment and heavy machine gun fire. The focus of their attack was the northern end of Hill 170 defended by No. 4 Troop, No. 1 Commando. The troop's position was ringed by gunfire in a preliminary to a major attack. Throwing grenades in front of them, the Japanese attacked at 07:30 on a 100 yd (91 m) front platoon by platoon.
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In Burma on 31 January 1945, near Kangaw, Lieutenant Knowland was commanding the forward platoon of a Troop positioned on the extreme North of a hill which was subjected to very heavy and repeated enemy attacks – throughout the whole day. Before the first attack started, Lieutenant Knowland's platoon
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An estimated 700 Japanese shells landed on the hill during the last day of the battle. In a day of continuous fighting, much of it hand-to-hand, the men of No. 1 and No. 42 commandos had repulsed and counter-attacked the waves of Japanese infantry. Early the following morning, No. 5 Commando was able
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The plan was for 3 Commando Brigade to withdraw on 30 January but the plans were halted by a new Japanese counter-attack on the brigade's positions by the 154th Infantry Regiment. The next morning at 05:45, the 2nd Battalion, 154th Infantry Regiment launched a surprise attack on Hill 170 under cover
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The Japanese infantry attacked Hill 170 throughout the rest of the day, the brunt of these attacks falling on No. 4 Troop of No. 1 Commando. At 09:30, a counter-attack was launched by W Troop, No. 42 Commando and No. 3 Troop, No. 1 Commando, that had to be abandoned after advancing only 20 yd
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objectives were two valleys codenamed "Milford" and "Pinner" to the east of Hill 170. "Milford" was secured on 22 January and "Pinner" the following day. All the objectives were taken with minimal Japanese resistance. Over the night of 23/24 January, the Japanese attacked "Pinner" and an artillery
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For the next couple of days, No. 5 Commando carried out patrols throughout the peninsula as the enemy were cleared from the area, before they were withdrawn to the beachhead for a couple of days rest. After this, the brigade captured the village of Kantha as a preliminary move on Kangaw, across a
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Hill 170 was now defended by No. 1 and No. 42 commandos supported by a tank troop from the 19th Lancers. The tanks at the northern end of the hill were attacked in a suicidal assault by Japanese engineers armed with explosive charges on the end of bamboo poles. The engineers destroyed two of the
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Japanese were seen to be withdrawing from the hill and the 2/2nd Punjabi Regiment started a flanking night attack but this failed to drive the Japanese off their positions on the hill. The Japanese responded with a night attack of their own against No. 5 Commando's positions that also failed.
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from the 51st Brigade managed to work their way around the left flank of Hill 170 and engaged the Japanese from there. At the same time No. 5 Commando were moved forward to take over the front line from No.4 Troop except for one section that had been cut off and overrun. Just after 17:00 some
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tanks from the 19th Lancers—arrived from the beachhead and took over the positions of 44 Commando on "Milford" and "Pinner". On the night of 28/29 January, 51st Brigade attacked Kangaw and two heights codenamed "Perth" and "Melrose" which dominated the road east from Kangow. Though they only
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in the lead would secure Hill 170, a 700 yd (640 m) long, 300 yd (270 m) wide and 1,000 ft (300 m) high hill codenamed "Brighton", supported by 5 Commando. 42 Commando would be responsible for the security of the beachhead between two
538:. The battle for Hill 170 was the climax of the Arakan operations, and its outcome broke the spirit of the Japanese 54th Division. Had the commandos' positions fallen, this would have endangered all the Allied units that had landed on the Myebon Peninsula. 553:—stated in a special order of the day to the 3rd Commando Brigade, "The Battle of Kangaw had been the decisive battle of the whole Arakan campaign and that it was won was very largely due to your magnificent defence of Hill 170." 627:
3 Commando Brigade landed 2 mi (3.2 km) south of Kangaw. The brigade landed without any naval or air bombardment in an attempt to surprise the Japanese. The units of the brigade were given different objectives.
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partially achieved their objectives as the Japanese resistance along their withdrawal route was increasing, Kangaw was captured and the British occupied positions to dominate the main road.
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were brought up, No. 5 Commando launched an attack on the position. In the end, the attack was successful and as the defenders chose to fight to the death, no prisoners were taken.
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number of waterways on the mainland, where Christison had decided that he wanted to cut the Japanese line of withdrawal. The terrain was difficult, with no roads and consisting of
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from the 51st Brigade and rejoined the 3rd Commando Brigade on Hill 170, their machine guns adding to the weight of fire brought to bear on the Japanese. At 16:00, the 2/
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to move forward and found the hill abandoned, apart from over 340 Japanese dead. The British losses for the battle were 45 dead and 90 wounded.
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The commandos' victory in the 36-hour battle for Hill 170 cut off the escape of the 54th Japanese Division. Further amphibious landings by the
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that prevented tanks or artillery coming ashore initially. The whole area was dominated by a small wooded ridge known as Hill 170.
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made the Japanese position in the Arakan untenable and they ordered a general withdrawal to avoid the complete destruction of the
1784: 567:—commanded by Lieutenant General Christison—went on the offensive, and on 29 December the 3rd Commando Brigade—then commanded by 508: 215: 966: 21: 1779: 1321: 585:
On 12 January 1945, the commando brigade carried out a landing on the peninsula. Coming ashore in the second wave behind
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had a brief contact with a Japanese force during which they killed four Japanese without suffering loss themselves.
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barrage unprecedented for the theatre of war landed on Hill 170 and would continue for the next four days.
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three Sherman tanks after a hand-to-hand battle by climbing on top of them and exploding their charges.
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Kangaw. The men of 3rd Commando Brigade were awarded a number of
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The 3rd Commando Brigade were given the task of assaulting the
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In recognition of the battle, the commandos were awarded the
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Indian Corps special order of the day 17 February 1945
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Retrieved 868:the original 814: 729: 706: 691: 682: 669: 665: 661: 644: 635:tidal creeks 626: 603:rice paddies 595: 591:19th Lancers 584: 562: 555: 540: 521: 500: 498: 488:Sittang Bend 476: 460: 406:Tennis Court 141:Belligerents 87:Sherman tank 73:World War II 59:Part of the 18: 1706:Thistledown 1484:Houndsworth 1126:Abercrombie 1008:42 Commando 934:"No. 37027" 511:during the 343:Yenangyaung 291:Bilin River 40: / 1759:Categories 1652:Roundabout 1617:Postmaster 1456:Gunnerside 1407:Fahrenheit 1070:Ambassador 1056:Abstention 950:References 717:posthumous 630:1 Commando 559:Background 536:bridgehead 437:Mount Song 229:90 wounded 28:93°26′34″E 25:20°07′13″N 1692:Speedwell 1666:Saxifrage 1624:Partridge 1575:Narcissus 1561:Musketoon 1498:Infatuate 1491:Huckaback 1337:Driftwood 1323:Checkmate 1246:Candytuft 1210:Barricade 1196:Bulbasket 1133:Acid Drop 1063:Agreement 688:Aftermath 569:Brigadier 418:Myitkyina 401:Shangshak 386:Admin Box 333:Shwedaung 1699:Tarbrush 1568:Myrmidon 1533:Keystone 1477:Hawthorn 1463:Hardtack 1442:Gauntlet 1400:Freshman 1393:Frankton 1379:Exporter 1365:Deep Cut 1309:Crackers 1281:Colossus 1260:Claymore 1253:Chestnut 1234:Branford 1221:Hill 170 1147:Astrakan 1091:Aquatint 736:See also 461:Hill 170 367:Chindits 362:The Hump 306:Taukkyan 110:Location 67:and the 1725:Wallace 1713:Tombola 1685:Sunstar 1673:Savanna 1659:Rumford 1610:Opossum 1554:Manacle 1512:Jubilee 1505:Jaywick 1428:Foxrock 1421:Farrier 1386:Flipper 1358:Dunhill 1330:Chopper 1295:Chariot 1288:Cartoon 1227:Bristle 1189:Begonia 1140:Albumen 1119:Archway 1112:Amherst 1084:Archery 900:20 June 874:20 June 651:Sherman 532:Rangoon 477:Dracula 456:Pakokku 423:Mogaung 326:Toungoo 316:Tachiao 227:45 dead 132:victory 89:of the 1631:Pistol 1596:Nicety 1589:Newton 1582:Nelson 1540:Loyton 1526:Kitbag 1449:Grouse 1414:Forfar 1302:Canuck 1274:Collar 1216:Bardia 1203:Brandy 1182:Batman 1175:Bigamy 1168:Biting 1161:Basalt 1154:Baobab 1098:Aflame 1077:Anklet 965:  609:Battle 528:Myebon 524:Arakan 411:Kohima 396:Imphal 357:Arakan 321:Oktwin 165:  152:  130:Allied 126:Result 115:Arakan 63:, the 1645:Roast 1638:Rimau 1547:Maple 1470:Hardy 1372:Devon 1351:Defoe 1344:Dryad 1316:Chess 1105:Anglo 767:Notes 576:Akyab 338:Prome 119:Burma 1603:Noah 1435:Gaff 963:ISBN 902:2010 876:2010 601:and 549:Sir 499:The 391:U Go 301:Pegu 102:Date 1519:J V 71:of 1761:: 936:. 843:^ 823:^ 802:^ 788:^ 774:^ 704:. 519:. 117:, 85:A 1036:e 1029:t 1022:v 971:. 904:. 878:. 545:— 263:e 256:t 249:v

Index

20°07′13″N 93°26′34″E / 20.120225°N 93.442866°E / 20.120225; 93.442866
Burma campaign
South-East Asian theatre of World War II
Pacific Theater
World War II

Sherman tank
19th King George's Own Lancers
Arakan
Burma
Allied
British Empire
Empire of Japan
United Kingdom
Campbell Hardy
Empire of Japan
ShigesaburĹŤ Miyazaki
3 Commando Brigade
54th Division
v
t
e
Burma campaign
Japanese invasion of Burma (1941–1942)
Bilin River
Sittang Bridge
Pegu
Taukkyan
Yunnan-Burma Road
Tachiao

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