Battle of Gela (1943)

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Rangers in capturing Gela; but, when that proved unnecessary, began moving inland to take the high ground west of Ponte Olivo. The 16th Regiment intended to join the 505th airborne regiment assumed to be in control of the Piano Lupo highland east of Ponte Olivo. There they planned to defend against attacks from Niscemi and prepare for a coordinated attack with the 26th Regiment against Ponte Olivo. The 16th Regiment encountered heavy resistance from the machine gun nests at the east end of their landing beach; and XVIII Coastal Brigade artillery and mortars were targeting the beach as LCIs began landing support troops east of the Gela River at 04:30.

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of the Gela River. The sand and stone beach between the rivers was from 10–30 yards (9–27 m) wide and backed by 900 yards (820 m) of dunes. The drainage divide between the two rivers was the 400-foot (120 m) Piano Lupo highland 7 miles (11 km) northeast of Gela with a strategic junction of roads including the coastal highway between Gela and

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fire as the 1st Infantry Division began retreating back toward the beach at 21:50 under cover of darkness. Only three LSTs (carrying half-tracks but no tanks) had been unloaded when the 1st Infantry Division requested immediate tank support at 22:15. Axis bombing of beaches and ships intensified at 2245.

3429:"The only serious casualty was the sinking, with heavy loss of life, of the hospital ship Talamba, which was lying, fully illuminated, five miles off the beaches." The War at Sea, 1939–1945: part 1. The offensive, 1st June 1943–31st May 1944, Stephen Wentworth Roskill, p. 131, H.M. Stationery Office, 1960 2603:

again advanced down the Acate River valley to the east. The German forces from the east planned to meet the Italian forces from the west at the Gela beachhead. The German 2nd Battalion swept past the 3rd Battalion of the 26th Infantry Regiment at 06:40; and the 26th began retreating toward the beach,

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Axis bombing raids hit the beach at 13:20 and 14:30 in support of the Hermann Göring Division armored regiment counterattack against the eastern beachhead. A high-altitude bombing attack at 15:30 was followed by intermittent attacks for the remainder of the day. The Hermann Göring Division approached

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As the Rangers landed, they were immediately taken under fire from the Italian pillboxes and coastal batteries. The Rangers attacked the town of Gela hoping to capture the Gela pier for offloading the LSTs. Italian defenders destroyed the masonry pier with demolition charges at 02:40; but the Rangers

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during Operation Torch. Americans had not previously sustained so many combat troops over beaches without a port; so the amphibious shipping included nine new types of landing boats, five new types of landing ships, and project Goldrush pontoon causeways untested under combat conditions. The invasion

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Allied ground forces had no idea when, where, in what numbers, or under what circumstances they might see Allied aircraft. Unlike the earlier invasion of North Africa and later invasion of Italy, the United States invasion fleet included no aircraft carriers. Carriers which had supported the American

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with a bomb, killing seven army personnel, wounding 35 more, and starting a fire. It was the first of 14 Axis air raids on the beachhead that day, and covered a coordinated Axis attack. While the Livorno Division attacked the Rangers at Gela in three columns from the west side of the Gela River, the

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paralleled the beach 150 yards (137 m) offshore and prevented some landing craft (including LSTs carrying tanks) from getting ashore to offload their cargo. Some soldiers landing on the sandbars in darkness drowned wading toward the beach with their heavy packs. In the confusion ashore, some of

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The invasion convoy was 90 percent unloaded before dawn; and the 1st Infantry Division captured the Ponte Olivo airfield at 08:45, approximately 27 hours later than planned. Allied fighters successfully broke up an Axis bomber raid at 09:36 and the daily number of Axis bombing sorties was halved by

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planes by 07:30 as the Italian Livorno Division launched a three-prong counterattack to recapture Gela. The Italian counterattack was reported by an American newspaper: "Supported by no less than forty-five tanks, a considerable force of infantry of the Livorno Division attacked the American troops

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were unreliable after exposure to salt water during the landing, and the first path through the minefield was not cleared until 12:12. By noon, not a single piece of Allied artillery had been landed, and none of the ten tanks assigned to the 1st Division were ashore. Landing craft had to wait up to

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force 7 winds created 12-foot (3.7 m) seas causing widespread seasickness among the embarked troops. Winds moderated on the evening of 9 July as ships divided into task forces C, H, and K and proceeded to assigned anchorages off the Sicilian coast. As the ships anchored, airborne troops of the

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plateau at 150-foot (46 m) elevation behind a beach with a 900-foot (270 m) pier. Plains cultivated for grain extended inland behind the community of 32,000. The mouth of the Gela River was 1 mile (1.6 km) east of the pier and the mouth of the Acate River was 5 miles (8 km) east

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McDaniel, Alva T., Lieutenant Colonel, Cooch, Francis A. 3rd, Major, Labadie, George V., Major, Piburn, Edwin W. Jr, Captain, Porta, James R., Captain, The Armored Division as an Assault Landing Force, A Research Report Prepared Committee 34, Officers Advanced Course 1951–1952, The Armored School,

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at 08:45 immediately went into action without being dewaterproofed. By that time, the German tanks were within 2,400 yards (2,200 m) of the beachhead. Every man on the beach, including yeomen, electricians, carpenters, and intelligence and supply officers of the Advanced Naval Base Group, was

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opened fire at 09:10 after their SOCs observed the Italian column approaching along the Niscemi Road and radioed coordinates before being chased off by Bf 109s. The Livorno infantry remained in previously prepared defensive positions to avoid the naval gunfire while the tanks continued toward

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fired 500 rounds of 6-inch (150 mm) shells, killing more than half of the Italian infantry advancing on Gela and leaving human bodies hanging from trees. Rangers took 400 prisoners from the dazed survivors. Although unable to reach Gela, Lieutenant-Colonel Dante Hugo Leonardi's 3rd Battalion

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to broach, and prevented the offloading of more LSTs. The 1st Infantry Division requested extended air cover after being bombed from 17:30 to 19:30, and Axis bombing continued at a rate of 275–300 sorties per day with half arriving during hours of darkness. Gunfire support ships provided covering

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artillery pieces and 200 prisoners of the XVIII Coastal Brigade defenders. The 429th Coastal Battalion had lost 194 men killed or wounded, 45% of its force. The 1st Infantry Division hoped to capture the Ponte Olivo Airfield within 24 hours of landing. The 26th Regiment was prepared to assist the

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shot down a Ju 88 at 05:14. Absence of fighter cover during the initial Axis bombing attack created an enduring shipboard perception they were responsible for their own air defense and should prioritize aircraft destruction above identification. Axis fighters and fighter-bombers were able to

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The 12th Air Support Command planned to provide air cover of 12 fighters over Gela during daylight hours, but the number actually available was never more than eight and sometimes as few as two. Axis air raids took place around the clock; so no Allied fighters were present when most Axis aircraft

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overran the 1st battalion of the 45th Division's 180th infantry regiment before being stopped by the 3rd battalion. The Hermann Göring Division pushed through the 16th Infantry Regiment in Piano Lupo, but paused as they encountered naval gunfire when moving off the Piano Lupo highland toward the

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destroyed two XVIII Coastal Brigade searchlights illuminating the first wave and fired on several XVIII Coastal Brigade artillery positions. Initial waves had landed on all beaches by 03:35. The Rangers landed on either side of the Gela pier. The 26th Regiment landed on the east side of the Gela

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cargo detonated at 17:30; but the sunken ship was not submerged in the shallow anchorage, and fires illuminated the anchorage for a heavy bombing attack from 19:47 to 19:52 followed by a series of dive-bombing attacks beginning at 21:34 and lasting past midnight. Many ships were damaged by near

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on both flanks and artillery batteries 7,000 yards (6,400 m) inland, on Cape Soprano to the west, and on Monte Lungo to the north. The sand and stone beach on the east side of the Gela River was defended by three machine gun nests at the east end and by artillery batteries 9,000 yards

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s aft magazine, causing the ship to roll over and sink within two minutes, taking 210 of her crew with her. The Stuka returned, strafing the 74 survivors before departing." Michael G. Walling. Bloodstained Sands: U.S. Amphibious Operations in World War II, Bloomsbury Publishing, 2017. p.

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four hours to be unloaded while the beach was congested by vehicles waiting to move inland. Unloading was frequently interrupted by air attacks and artillery fire; and a shortage of landing craft developed as nearly 200 were disabled by shellfire or broaching in the surf. Unexpected

1705:. Allied air forces refused to provide air support for Allied ground forces until Axis air forces had been neutralized; and, since Axis bombing continued through 12 July, the role of Allied aircraft was negligible in the fighting at Gela. Pre-invasion strategic bombing reduced 2507:, killing 21 men, damaging embarked vehicles, and igniting a gasoline fire causing a series of ammunition explosions. The burning LST, with the 26th Infantry's anti-tank artillery, was abandoned at 18:24; and continuing explosions scattered the pontoons, causing nearby 2499:, the Hermann Göring Division withdrew at dusk to regroup. As the Hermann Göring Division withdrew, the reserve force of the 2nd Armored Division and 18th Infantry Regiment began landing at 17:00 over the beaches being vacated by the 26th Infantry Regiment. 2666:

spent the afternoon placing a protective minefield offshore of the anchorage. Axis bombing of the anchorage resumed at 12:35 and continued intermittently with repeated attacks from 13:51 to 15:35. A 15:45 attack by 35 Ju 88s with escorting Bf 109s hit the

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canyon at the eastern edge of the Gela beachhead. Allied fighters patrolling at altitude to engage medium bombers were perceived as dive bombers and subjected to friendly fire losses when they attempted to engage low altitude air raids. Ships were using

2442:. The Rangers destroyed three of the tanks before the remaining seven retreated with their accompanying infantry. The Rangers used the captured 8 cm Italian artillery to repel the Livorno Division infantry column approaching Gela from Butera. 3508:"At around 8:00 am, the Battalion reached its first objective line. The US infantry encountered was not solidly entrenched and made no further attempts to stand; it swiftly fell back, leaving several prisoners and weapons in Italian hands." 2085:

505th Infantry Regiment were scattered by wind and aircraft navigation errors. Fewer than 200 of the 3,400 paratroopers were able to reach the strategic Piano Lupo highland before the defending Livorno Division arrived.

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temporarily silenced the batteries at 09:40. Landing craft temporarily stopped using the beach when Italian artillery resumed firing at 10:10 and destroyed some landing craft and supplies offloaded onto the beach.

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Division, "The heaviest of seven Italian counter-attacks was met and beaten back by American troops in the Gela area. The attack was launched by the Italian's Fourth Livorno Division with 45 tanks in support."

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fired on the Italian column from 10:47 to 11:08. The 16th Regiment occupied Piano Lupo as the tanks and infantry from Niscemi withdrew under combined pressure from naval gunfire and the 16th Infantry Regiment.

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in the Acate River valley were stopped by the 505th airborne infantry troops who had landed 36 hours earlier; and the westernmost column of the Livorno Division was stopped by the 3rd Infantry Division.

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planes. The battle convinced United States Army officers of the value of naval artillery support, and revealed problems coordinating air support from autonomous air forces during amphibious operations.

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Part of the 5,000 wounded are also included among the 2,000 prisoners. Total casualties of the Livorno Division numbered 214 officers and 7,000 men, of whom 1,300 were taken prisoner (Alberto Santoni,

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the 1st Infantry Division's supporting artillery was diverted to the Licata beaches to the west and the Scoglitti beaches to the east; and was significantly delayed traveling overland to Gela.

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River, and the 16th Regiment landed east of the 26th Regiment. Three hundred men of the 45th Division's 180th Regiment accidentally landed among the 16th Regiment on beaches west of the

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ground support aircraft at Ponte Olivo as soon as the airfield was declared secure for operations, and provided air support for continuing operations against German and Italian forces.

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gunfire destroying three of the tanks approaching Gela along the Ponte Olivo Road. Surviving tanks entered the town of Gela while the Italian infantry was immobilized by gunfire from

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tanks approached Gela along the road from Ponte Olivo, and a third infantry column preceded by about 25 Fiat 3000 tanks approached the beachhead east of the Gela River from Niscemi.

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tanks surviving the previous day's naval gunfire advanced in two columns. The 1st Battalion advanced from Niscemi and the 2nd Battalion from the Ponte Olivo Airfield while the 15th

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operating at maximum range which limited patrolling time over one hundred miles of invasion beaches and prevented proportional response to incoming raids. There were three

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arrived. The first Allied fighters arrived at 05:01 before sunrise at 05:46; but Axis bombers had arrived before first light. Bombs and flares began falling at 04:21 and

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hastily armed and formed a firing line along the dunes with engineers of the Army shore parties. Ships began gunfire support requested by shore parties at 09:15, and

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and patrol craft sailed directly from Tunisia as convoys TJM 1 and TJS 1. The convoys were spotted and all German forces on Sicily were alerted at 18:40 on 9 July.

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was attempting to offload anti-tank artillery when three or four fighters dropped bombs on the pontoon causeway being used to offload the LSTs. One bomb struck

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vehicles promptly became stuck in soft beach sand. Bent steel matting intended to support the tanks' weight became entangled in their treads and bogey wheels.

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The Italian column from Niscemi pushed through a 505th Regiment roadblock to reach the Piano Lupo road junction before troops from the 16th Regiment arrived.

34: 3223:(DD-622), which was steaming alone on antisubmarine patrol when she was hit by a bomb dropped by an Italian Ju 87 Stuka at 0421. One of the bombs exploded 2642:

confirmed on 12 July that no less than seven determined counterattacks against the US beachhead on 10 and 11 July had been carried out on the part of the

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around Gela. The American division beat them back with severe casualties. This was the heaviest response to the Allied advance." An infantry column from

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patrolled a similar gunfire support area east of the anchorage. The Army hoped for surprise, and declined Navy suggestions for pre-invasion bombardment.

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The Gela invasion beaches were defended by the Italian XVIII Coastal Brigade and the Italian 429th Coastal Battalion under (Major Rubellino) using

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earned a Ranger's praise: "It's pretty accurate work when a destroyer some 2 or 3 miles offshore knocks out three tanks some 7 or 8 miles inland."

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tanks to respond when invasion points became known. They were joined on the afternoon of the first day by 9,000 German combat troops of the

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which lost 11 aircraft on the first day of the landings. That evening, Italian Stukas or Reggiane Re.2002s sank the Indian hospital ship

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The transports started unloading shortly after midnight, and General Guzzoni declared an emergency at 01:00. The first assault wave from

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had flown 370 sorties on 10 July and lost 16 aircraft destroyed or missing. According to Italian sources, 141 sorties were flown by the

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was straddled by Italian shellfire as soon as it beached. Italian artillery intensified firing at the eastern beach from 07:10 until

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fired on the Italians from 12:45 to 12:51. The naval artillery destroyed two tanks and the 16th Infantry destroyed two others.

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while the 16th Infantry Regiment delayed the German 1st Battalion until naval gunfire began to take effect at mid-morning.

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for a parachute drop over Piano Lupo. A western task force of 601 ships (including 130 warships and 324 landing craft and

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tanks approached from the Acate River. After some difficulty maneuvering the Tiger tanks through olive groves, the 15th

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the beachhead until they encountered the two forward battalions of the 16th Regiment. Bf 109s shot down another

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guns. The 429th Coastal Battalion was also defending the town itself. The beach on either side of the Gela pier was

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Sicily-Salerno-Anzio: January 1943–June 1944 (History of United States Naval Operations in World War II: Volume IX)

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After sunrise, minesweepers began clearing mines near the beach so the LSTs could start landing vehicles at 08:00.

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had a short life expectancy without fighter cover – four were shot down and all others disabled during the battle.

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fired at Niscemi from 18:26 to 19:37. Surviving Axis tanks began to withdraw under cover of darkness at 22:35.

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Hermann Göring Division attacked the 1st Infantry Division beachhead on the east side of the Gela River. Sixty

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sank at 04:58 with 212 of her crew less than two minutes after being hit by a bomb dropped by an Italian Stuka.

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Hitler's Luftwaffe : A Pictorial History and Technical Encyclopedia of Hitler's Air Power in World War II

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Allies' Mighty Invasion Force Beats Back Seven Italian Counter Attacks, Sarasota Herald Tribune, 12 July 1943

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of the 1st Infantry Division was landed on the first day of fighting to support the 1st Infantry Division.

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Infantry Regiment took a number of prisoners from forward elements of the US 26th Infantry Regiment. The

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was positioned near Niscemi and supported by the Italian Mobile Group "E" at Ponte Olivo with obsolete

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Junkers Ju 87 over the Mediterranean, John A Weal, p. 53, Delprado Publishers/Ediciones de Prado, 1996

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Andrea Augello, Uccidi gli italiani: Gela 1943, la battaglia dimenticata, Mursia, Milano 2009, p. 120.

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as the eastern destroyer at 06:20. Twelve SM 79s bombed the transport anchorage at 06:35 holing

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U.S. Army in World War II – Mediterranean Theater of Operations – Sicily and the Surrender of Italy

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While the sixty tanks landed earlier still wallowed in the dunes, five American tanks landed from

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beachhead. After waiting through the remaining daylight for a rendezvous with the stalled 15th

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3–5 nmi (6–9 km; 3–6 mi) off the beaches of Sicily with heavy loss of lives.

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fired on the tanks from 10:40 to 11:42. Army observers reported 13 tanks destroyed by

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launched the last operational SOC at 12:19 and it was shot down by Bf 109s as

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attempting to move inland from the eastern beach encountered an Italian minefield.

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fired on tanks near Ponte Olivo airfield from 11:26 to 11:35. General Patton left

46: 2672: 1722: 1669:. The invasion was constrained by marginally effective air cover from 670 Allied 1654: 1481: 1396: 1353: 1233: 1168: 1133: 996: 886: 815: 803: 268: 253: 2384: 2621: 2307: 2081: 1726: 1201: 1091: 917: 851: 141: 3092: 1042: 3888: 3852: 3607: 3544: 2360: 2163: 2037: 2021: 1971:

with the schwere Panzer Abteilung 504 (s.Pz.Abt. 504) tank Battalion with 17

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Aircraft of World War II in combat, Robert Jackson, p. 87, Amber Books, 2008

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approached Gela from the west while a second infantry column preceded by 13

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aircraft remained serviceable at bases in Italy to be flown in as required.

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around midnight. The first American tanks were landed at 02:00 and these

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The Battle of Sicily: How the Allies Lost Their Chance for Total Victory

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sailed on a parallel course as a covering force to the north. The LSTs,

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USS Ranger : The Navy's First Flattop From Keel to Mast, 1934–46

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anti-aircraft ammunition for the first time in the European theater.

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as they hugged the African coast eastbound while the gunfire support

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Naval battles and operations of the European theatre of World War II

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the end of the day. Ships continued to provide gunfire support, and

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make undetected low-level approaches from Catania under the fleet's

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as a means of diverting Axis forces from the eastern front with the

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were transported by naval forces under overall command of Admiral

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was the opening engagement of the American portion of the Allied

71:, demonstrated the effectiveness of naval gunfire against tanks. 3550:

The Day of Battle : The War in Sicily and Italy, 1943–1944

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Allard, Dean (1997). "The U.S. Navy Comes Ashore in the Med".

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patrolled a gunfire support area west of the anchorage, while

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screened the seaward side of the anchorage. The light cruiser

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launched its two remaining SOCs at 08:30 as Rangers directed

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observation seaplanes at 06:00 to locate targets and perform

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was training new pilots on the United States Atlantic coast.

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misses, but only one LST remained to be unloaded at 16:00.

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were damaged by collision while maneuvering to avoid bombs.

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LaMonte & Lewis (1993) pp. 5–6, 19, 62, 67, 71, 89, 92

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tanks from Caltagirone, reinforced with a regiment of the

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Naval battles of World War II involving the United States

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The Official Chronology of the U.S. Navy in World War II

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While American forces ashore stopped the Axis advance,

2970:"39th Combat Engineer Regiment in the Battle for Gela" 2855:"Operation Husky: The Allied Invasion of Sicily, 1943" 2570:

as the western gunfire support destroyer at 05:30 and

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Map of Gela and surrounding area show troop movements.

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aircraft while defending the beachhead against German

3025:"Rounds Away: History of the 83rd Chemical Mortar Bn" 2247:

was bombed and sunk on the first day of the invasion.

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medium bombers could reach Gela from bases in Italy.

1867:) on the eastern flank, and Task Force H to land the 1709:

strength to 175 planes in Sicily, but 418 additional

2454:SOC and the last SOC returned to the ship damaged. 1747:had been transferred to the Pacific to support the 1600:troops along the eastern end of the south coast of 3616: 3581: 3280: 3278: 1859:) on the western flank, Task Force K to land the 1661:. Ground forces under overall command of General 1653:until the Western Allies were prepared to invade 1570:¹ — Involved an Allied convoy or delivery mission 3850: 3764:(1993) United States Government Printing Office 3712:Garland, Albert N.; Smyth, Howard McGaw (1965). 2797:, Italian Army Historical Branch, 1989, p. 201). 3762:The Sicilian Campaign, 10 July – 17 August 1943 3284:LaMonte & Lewis (1993) pp. 62–63, 83–84, 88 2702:at 17:00 to establish headquarters ashore. The 2064:on 5 July as convoy NCF 1 and were screened by 1572:² — Involved an Axis convoy or delivery mission 1072: 3275: 2989: 2987: 2923:"Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships" 1957:1st Fallschirm-Panzer Division Hermann Göring 1725:had been reassigned without replacement. The 1058: 661: 519: 438:1st Fallschirm-Panzer Division Hermann Göring 3734:The Naval War in the Mediterranean 1940–1943 3711: 3358: 3356: 3337: 3335: 3333: 3331: 3329: 3219:"The first victim of the air attack was USS 3179: 3177: 3175: 3173: 2837: 2835: 2547:was hit by a bomb on the morning of 11 July. 3476: 3474: 3350:LaMonte & Lewis (1993) pp. 62–63, 84–87 3239: 3237: 3183:LaMonte & Lewis (1993) pp. 62–68, 81–82 3062: 3060: 3058: 3056: 3054: 3052: 3001: 2999: 2586:with near miss bomb fragments and striking 16:Battle during the Allied Invasion of Sicily 3760:La Monte, John L. & Lewis, Winston B. 3732:Greene, Jack & Massignani, Alessandro 3462: 3455: 3453: 3451: 3449: 3163: 3161: 2984: 2890:Greene & Massignani (1998) pp. 288–289 2886: 2884: 2317:U.S. and British troops landing near Gela. 1065: 1051: 668: 654: 526: 512: 3353: 3344: 3326: 3170: 2832: 160: 3649: 3614: 3543: 3471: 3362:LaMonte & Lewis (1993) pp. 63, 89–90 3234: 3115: 3113: 3049: 2996: 2849: 2847: 2649: 2536: 2383: 2371: 2312: 2236: 2051: 1918:21st century view of Gela from the west. 1913: 1823:under the command of Lieutenant General 3809:Rohwer, Jurgen and Hummelchen, Gerhard 3446: 3379: 3377: 3158: 3046:LaMonte & Lewis (1993) pp. 4–7, 149 2881: 2874: 2872: 2728: 2726: 2658:explodes after being bombed on 11 July. 2005:, another Jagdgeschwader 77 staffel at 1803:from North Africa carried the airborne 269: 146: 3851: 3811:Chronology of the War at Sea 1939–1945 3272:Garland & Smyth, pp. 100, 136, 139 3167:Potter & Nimitz (1960) pp. 589–591 2964: 2962: 2806: 2795:Le operazioni in Sicilia e in Calabria 2322:captured the town by 08:00 with three 533: 3869:Naval aviation operations and battles 3797:Jane's Fighting Ships of World War II 3579: 3155:LaMonte & Lewis (1993) pp. 60, 65 3110: 3037:Rohwer & Hummelchen (1992) p. 222 2844: 2020:F-2 ground attack fighter-bombers at 1046: 649: 507: 3841:(1957) United States Naval Institute 3839:The U.S. Coast Guard in World War II 3827:(1957) United States Naval Institute 3788:Potter, E.B. and Nimitz, Chester W. 3746:Kafka, Roger and Pepperburg, Roy L. 3682: 3459:LaMonte & Lewis (1993) pp. 90–93 3374: 3137:LaMonte & Lewis (1993) pp. 10–13 3005:LaMonte & Lewis (1993) pp. 56–61 2925:. United States Navy. Archived from 2869: 2723: 1815:) under the command of Vice Admiral 1637:The invasion of Sicily followed the 675: 3499:Fort Knox, Kentucky May 1952, p. 33 2959: 2482:Piano Lupo from Niscemi while 15th 1978:Air support was available from one 1839:was the European combat premier of 13: 3785:(1954) Little, Brown & Company 2829:LaMonte & Lewis (1993) pp. 2–7 2800: 2060:The larger transports sailed from 1790: 496:630 killed, wounded, and prisoners 14: 3910: 3311:LaMonte & Lewis (1993) p. 149 3192:Garland & Smyth, pp. 100, 136 3146:Garland & Smyth, pp. 117, 119 2624:, 2nd Armored Division. The 15th 3531:LaMonte & Lewis (1993) p. 94 3480:Garland & Smyth, pp. 163–174 3371:Garland & Smyth, pp. 154–155 3341:Garland & Smyth, pp. 150–152 3066:Garland & Smyth, pp. 147–162 2993:Garland & Smyth, pp. 99, 101 2736:crew. (Willoughby (1957) p. 221) 298: 294:Fridolin von Senger und Etterlin 287: 276: 258: 247: 227: 216: 205: 194: 183: 162: 148: 134: 122: 45: 3755:Battle Report: The Atlantic War 3584:Warship Losses of World War Two 3525: 3514: 3502: 3492: 3483: 3432: 3423: 3412: 3395: 3386: 3365: 3314: 3305: 3296: 3287: 3266: 3255: 3246: 3213: 3204: 3195: 3186: 3149: 3140: 3131: 3122: 3078: 3069: 3040: 3031: 3017: 3008: 2950: 2941: 2915: 2893: 2032:Fw 190A-5 fast bombers at 1945:4th Infantry Division "Livorno" 433:4th Infantry Division "Livorno" 3834:(1968) Doubleday & Company 3778:(1971) Charles Scribner's Sons 3014:Atkinson (2007) pp. 33, 55, 60 2823: 2787: 2778: 2763: 2749: 1909: 1843:only a week after the Pacific 1745:Sangamon class escort carriers 1: 3832:U.S. Warships of World War II 3813:(1992) Naval Institute Press 3750:(1946) Cornell Maritime Press 3537: 2972:. Rex A. Knight. 12 June 2006 2817:United States Naval Institute 1969:15th Panzergrenadier Division 1632: 1626:United States Army Air Forces 414:Italian XVIII Coastal Brigade 3776:The Naval War Against Hitler 3757:(1946) Farrar & Rinehart 3689:. New York: Crescent Books. 2743: 1898:). The reserve force of the 1779:and roads leading inland to 1685:operating from airfields on 1620:until the Army captured the 7: 3468:Garland & Smyth, p. 159 3091:. Uncle Ted. Archived from 2841:Garland & Smyth, p. 107 2301:horizon by flying down the 2001:Bf 109G-6 fighters at 1604:; and withstood attacks by 1076:Battle of the Mediterranean 10: 3915: 3884:Military history of Sicily 3489:Atkinson (2007) pp. 97–100 3439:Sunk By Enemy Action – SS 3128:Atkinson (2007) pp. 64, 66 2711:North American A-36 Apache 2688: 2532: 2232: 2047: 1821:Seventh United States Army 1761: 234:Charles Leslie Keerans Jr. 212:Terry de la Mesa Allen Sr. 3879:Allied invasion of Sicily 3753:Karig, Walter, CDR, USNR 3650:Cressman, Robert (2003). 3615:Cressman, Robert (2000). 2734:United States Coast Guard 2707:27th Fighter Bomber Group 2227: 2162:anchored approximately 6 2030:Schnellkampfgeschwader 10 1841:tank landing ships (LST)s 1639:Allied capture of Tunisia 1616:and Italian tanks of the 1568: 1084: 687: 545: 467: 310: 176: 115: 75: 44: 31:Allied invasion of Sicily 28: 23: 3086:"Deployments & OOBs" 2757:"WWII Campaigns: Sicily" 2716: 2462:and the British monitor 1647:Allied invasion of Italy 3837:Willoughby, Malcolm F. 3419:Reggiane Re.2002 Ariete 2878:de Ste. Croix pp. 84–85 2640:Sarasota Herald Tribune 1863:near Scoglitti (sector 1813:shipboard landing boats 1805:505th Infantry Regiment 419:429th Coastal Battalion 3781:Morison, Samuel Eliot 3555:Henry Holt and Company 3383:Atkinson (2007) p. 100 3243:Cressman (2000) p. 168 2947:Cressman (2003) p. 322 2659: 2548: 2395: 2381: 2318: 2248: 2057: 2042:Savoia-Marchetti SM 79 1919: 1861:45th Infantry Division 1801:Douglas C-47 Skytrains 1797:52d Troop Carrier Wing 1751:and the fleet carrier 1743:while the other three 177:Commanders and leaders 3830:Silverstone, Paul H. 3748:Warships of the World 3728:on 27 September 2012. 3625:Naval Institute Press 3590:Naval Institute Press 3580:Brown, David (1995). 3302:Atkinson (2007) p. 78 3293:Atkinson (2007) p. 80 3201:Morison (1954) p. 100 2956:Atkinson (2007) p. 75 2676:. The Liberty Ship's 2653: 2540: 2387: 2375: 2316: 2288:and submarine chaser 2240: 2055: 1917: 1877:1st Infantry Division 1849:3rd Infantry Division 1695:Curtiss P-40 Warhawks 1683:Supermarine Spitfires 969:1945 Spring Offensive 468:Casualties and losses 324:1st Infantry Division 283:Domenico Chirieleison 35:Mediterranean theatre 24:Battle of Gela (1943) 3799:(1996) Random House 3792:(1960) Prentice-Hall 3656:. Washington, D.C.: 3323:, 13 July 1943, p. 2 3119:Morison (1954) p. 69 2903:. United States Navy 2378:Curtiss SOC Seagulls 2267:landed about 02:45. 2147:Elizabeth C. Stanton 2015:Schlachtgeschwader 2 1987:Messerschmitt Bf 109 1961:Panzerkampfwagen III 1900:2nd Armored Division 1766:The fishing town of 1749:Guadalcanal campaign 1663:Dwight D. Eisenhower 1622:Ponte Olivo Airfield 799:Armistice with Italy 329:2nd Armored Division 3683:Wood, Tony (1977). 2557:67th Armor Regiment 2417:had shot down both 2407:Curtiss SOC Seagull 1965:Panzerkampfwagen IV 1845:Operation Cartwheel 1467:Strait of Bonifacio 62:(pictured) and her 3774:Macintyre, Donald 3407:The New York Times 3321:The New York Times 2929:on 30 January 2006 2857:. Thomas E. Nutter 2660: 2549: 2396: 2382: 2351:destroyed trucks, 2319: 2249: 2058: 1920: 1697:from airfields on 1598:United States Army 1594:United States Navy 1586:Invasion of Sicily 691:Invasion of Sicily 537:Invasion of Sicily 223:Hugh Joseph Gaffey 3859:Conflicts in 1943 3696:978-0-517-22477-9 3667:978-1-57488-720-4 3634:978-1-55750-149-3 3623:. Annapolis, MD: 3599:978-1-55750-914-7 3588:. Annapolis, MD: 3564:978-0-8050-6289-2 2704:Twelfth Air Force 2521:Regia Aeronautica 2376:Cruiser launched 2091:Joseph T. Dickman 2018:Focke-Wulf Fw 190 1999:Jagdgeschwader 77 1984:Jagdgeschwader 53 1817:Henry Kent Hewitt 1715:Regia Aeronautica 1667:Andrew Cunningham 1645:and preceded the 1610:Regia Aeronautica 1577: 1576: 1040: 1039: 1033:Italian Civil War 771:Invasion of Italy 641: 640: 502: 501: 265:Arnaldo Rabellino 190:Henry Kent Hewitt 111: 110: 3906: 3899:July 1943 events 3823:Ruge, Friedrich 3795:Preston, Antony 3736:(1998) Sarpedon 3729: 3727: 3720: 3708: 3679: 3646: 3622: 3611: 3587: 3576: 3532: 3529: 3523: 3518: 3512: 3506: 3500: 3496: 3490: 3487: 3481: 3478: 3469: 3466: 3460: 3457: 3444: 3436: 3430: 3427: 3421: 3416: 3410: 3399: 3393: 3390: 3384: 3381: 3372: 3369: 3363: 3360: 3351: 3348: 3342: 3339: 3324: 3318: 3312: 3309: 3303: 3300: 3294: 3291: 3285: 3282: 3273: 3270: 3264: 3259: 3253: 3250: 3244: 3241: 3232: 3229: 3217: 3211: 3208: 3202: 3199: 3193: 3190: 3184: 3181: 3168: 3165: 3156: 3153: 3147: 3144: 3138: 3135: 3129: 3126: 3120: 3117: 3108: 3107: 3105: 3103: 3097: 3090: 3082: 3076: 3073: 3067: 3064: 3047: 3044: 3038: 3035: 3029: 3028: 3021: 3015: 3012: 3006: 3003: 2994: 2991: 2982: 2981: 2979: 2977: 2966: 2957: 2954: 2948: 2945: 2939: 2938: 2936: 2934: 2919: 2913: 2912: 2910: 2908: 2897: 2891: 2888: 2879: 2876: 2867: 2866: 2864: 2862: 2851: 2842: 2839: 2830: 2827: 2821: 2820: 2804: 2798: 2791: 2785: 2782: 2776: 2767: 2761: 2760: 2753: 2737: 2730: 2626:Panzergrenadiers 2601:Panzergrenadiers 2497:Panzergrenadiers 2492:Panzergrenadiers 2486:supported by 17 2484:Panzergrenadiers 2411:gunnery spotting 2034:Gerbini Airfield 1989:G-6 fighters at 1975:tanks attached. 1938:and defended by 1825:George S. Patton 1721:landings during 1618:Livorno Division 1177:Cape Spartivento 1079: 1077: 1067: 1060: 1053: 1044: 1043: 857:Monte la Difensa 682: 680: 679:Italian Campaign 670: 663: 656: 647: 646: 540: 538: 528: 521: 514: 505: 504: 479:1 destroyer sunk 477:2,300 casualties 303: 302: 292: 291: 281: 280: 271: 263: 262: 252: 251: 242: 232: 231: 221: 220: 210: 209: 201:George S. Patton 199: 198: 188: 187: 172: 168: 166: 165: 158: 154: 152: 151: 140: 138: 137: 128: 126: 125: 77: 76: 49: 21: 20: 3914: 3913: 3909: 3908: 3907: 3905: 3904: 3903: 3849: 3848: 3725: 3718: 3697: 3668: 3635: 3600: 3565: 3540: 3535: 3530: 3526: 3519: 3515: 3507: 3503: 3497: 3493: 3488: 3484: 3479: 3472: 3467: 3463: 3458: 3447: 3437: 3433: 3428: 3424: 3417: 3413: 3400: 3396: 3391: 3387: 3382: 3375: 3370: 3366: 3361: 3354: 3349: 3345: 3340: 3327: 3319: 3315: 3310: 3306: 3301: 3297: 3292: 3288: 3283: 3276: 3271: 3267: 3260: 3256: 3251: 3247: 3242: 3235: 3227: 3218: 3214: 3209: 3205: 3200: 3196: 3191: 3187: 3182: 3171: 3166: 3159: 3154: 3150: 3145: 3141: 3136: 3132: 3127: 3123: 3118: 3111: 3101: 3099: 3098:on 24 July 2015 3095: 3088: 3084: 3083: 3079: 3074: 3070: 3065: 3050: 3045: 3041: 3036: 3032: 3023: 3022: 3018: 3013: 3009: 3004: 2997: 2992: 2985: 2975: 2973: 2968: 2967: 2960: 2955: 2951: 2946: 2942: 2932: 2930: 2921: 2920: 2916: 2906: 2904: 2899: 2898: 2894: 2889: 2882: 2877: 2870: 2860: 2858: 2853: 2852: 2845: 2840: 2833: 2828: 2824: 2805: 2801: 2792: 2788: 2783: 2779: 2768: 2764: 2755: 2754: 2750: 2746: 2741: 2740: 2732:Ship manned by 2731: 2724: 2719: 2691: 2551:Tugs refloated 2535: 2308:proximity fuzed 2235: 2230: 2159:Chateau Thierry 2088:The transports 2050: 1912: 1881:531st Engineers 1793: 1791:American forces 1764: 1723:Operation Torch 1655:occupied Europe 1635: 1580:The amphibious 1578: 1573: 1571: 1564: 1560:U-boat Campaign 1544: 1080: 1075: 1073: 1071: 1041: 1036: 1030: 823:Vatican bombing 694: 683: 678: 676: 674: 644: 643: 642: 637: 541: 536: 534: 532: 497: 495: 491: 490:2,000 prisoners 489: 487: 485: 478: 476: 297: 296: 286: 285: 275: 274: 257: 256: 254:Alfredo Guzzoni 246: 238: 226: 225: 215: 214: 204: 203: 193: 192: 182: 163: 161: 159: 149: 147: 135: 133: 132: 123: 121: 99: 83:10–12 July 1943 55:-class cruisers 50: 17: 12: 11: 5: 3912: 3902: 3901: 3896: 3891: 3886: 3881: 3876: 3871: 3866: 3861: 3843: 3842: 3835: 3828: 3821: 3807: 3793: 3786: 3779: 3772: 3758: 3751: 3744: 3730: 3709: 3695: 3680: 3666: 3647: 3633: 3612: 3598: 3577: 3563: 3545:Atkinson, Rick 3539: 3536: 3534: 3533: 3524: 3513: 3510:Flesh vs. Iron 3501: 3491: 3482: 3470: 3461: 3445: 3431: 3422: 3411: 3409:, 19 July 1943 3394: 3385: 3373: 3364: 3352: 3343: 3325: 3313: 3304: 3295: 3286: 3274: 3265: 3254: 3245: 3233: 3212: 3203: 3194: 3185: 3169: 3157: 3148: 3139: 3130: 3121: 3109: 3077: 3075:Atkinson p. 94 3068: 3048: 3039: 3030: 3016: 3007: 2995: 2983: 2958: 2949: 2940: 2914: 2892: 2880: 2868: 2843: 2831: 2822: 2799: 2786: 2777: 2762: 2747: 2745: 2742: 2739: 2738: 2721: 2720: 2718: 2715: 2690: 2687: 2634:from the 34th 2534: 2531: 2361:Mine detectors 2355:and five navy 2234: 2231: 2229: 2226: 2204:and destroyer 2164:nautical miles 2102:Prince Leopold 2097:Prince Charles 2082:Beaufort scale 2049: 2046: 1911: 1908: 1873:26th Regiments 1792: 1789: 1763: 1760: 1735:was defending 1727:escort carrier 1634: 1631: 1582:Battle of Gela 1575: 1574: 1569: 1566: 1565: 1563: 1562: 1557: 1556: 1555: 1548:Allied convoys 1543: 1542: 1530: 1529: 1524: 1519: 1514: 1509: 1498: 1497: 1494:Cape Bougaroun 1491: 1490: 1489: 1484: 1479: 1469: 1464: 1459: 1456:Messina convoy 1453: 1445: 1440: 1433: 1428: 1420: 1412: 1401: 1400: 1394: 1386: 1380: 1372: 1367: 1359: 1350: 1343: 1335: 1327: 1319: 1312: 1304: 1296: 1284: 1283: 1278: 1272: 1266: 1258: 1250: 1245: 1237: 1231: 1225: 1218: 1213: 1206: 1199: 1193: 1181: 1180: 1174: 1166: 1160: 1153: 1145: 1139: 1131: 1126: 1120: 1115: 1109: 1103: 1096: 1085: 1082: 1081: 1070: 1069: 1062: 1055: 1047: 1038: 1037: 1029: 1028: 1023: 1018: 1011: 1006: 1001: 994: 987: 980: 965: 964: 959: 957:Monte Castello 954: 949: 944: 931: 930: 925: 920: 918:Trasimene Line 915: 908: 901: 894: 889: 884: 879: 874: 869: 864: 859: 854: 852:Bernhardt Line 841: 840: 835: 830: 825: 820: 813: 808: 801: 796: 789: 782: 767: 766: 761: 756: 751: 744: 737: 730: 723: 716: 709: 702: 688: 685: 684: 673: 672: 665: 658: 650: 639: 638: 636: 635: 630: 625: 614: 613: 606: 599: 592: 579: 578: 571: 564: 557: 546: 543: 542: 531: 530: 523: 516: 508: 500: 499: 480: 470: 469: 465: 464: 463: 462: 457: 452: 441: 440: 435: 427:North of Gela: 424: 423: 422: 421: 408:Gela beachead: 404: 403: 402: 394: 386: 378: 370: 362: 354: 346: 335:Naval support: 332: 331: 326: 318:Gela beachead: 313: 312: 311:Units involved 308: 307: 244: 179: 178: 174: 173: 144: 142:United Kingdom 118: 117: 113: 112: 109: 108: 107:Allied victory 105: 101: 100: 91: 89: 85: 84: 81: 73: 72: 42: 41: 26: 25: 19: 18: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3911: 3900: 3897: 3895: 3894:1943 in Italy 3892: 3890: 3887: 3885: 3882: 3880: 3877: 3875: 3872: 3870: 3867: 3865: 3862: 3860: 3857: 3856: 3854: 3847: 3845: 3840: 3836: 3833: 3829: 3826: 3822: 3820: 3819:1-55750-105-X 3816: 3812: 3808: 3806: 3805:0-517-67963-9 3802: 3798: 3794: 3791: 3787: 3784: 3780: 3777: 3773: 3771: 3770:0-945274-17-3 3767: 3763: 3759: 3756: 3752: 3749: 3745: 3743: 3742:1-885119-61-5 3739: 3735: 3731: 3724: 3717: 3716: 3710: 3706: 3702: 3698: 3692: 3688: 3687: 3681: 3677: 3673: 3669: 3663: 3659: 3655: 3654: 3648: 3644: 3640: 3636: 3630: 3626: 3621: 3620: 3613: 3609: 3605: 3601: 3595: 3591: 3586: 3585: 3578: 3574: 3570: 3566: 3560: 3556: 3552: 3551: 3546: 3542: 3541: 3528: 3522: 3517: 3511: 3505: 3495: 3486: 3477: 3475: 3465: 3456: 3454: 3452: 3450: 3443: 3442: 3435: 3426: 3420: 3415: 3408: 3404: 3398: 3389: 3380: 3378: 3368: 3359: 3357: 3347: 3338: 3336: 3334: 3332: 3330: 3322: 3317: 3308: 3299: 3290: 3281: 3279: 3269: 3263: 3258: 3249: 3240: 3238: 3226: 3222: 3216: 3207: 3198: 3189: 3180: 3178: 3176: 3174: 3164: 3162: 3152: 3143: 3134: 3125: 3116: 3114: 3094: 3087: 3081: 3072: 3063: 3061: 3059: 3057: 3055: 3053: 3043: 3034: 3026: 3020: 3011: 3002: 3000: 2990: 2988: 2971: 2965: 2963: 2953: 2944: 2928: 2924: 2918: 2902: 2896: 2887: 2885: 2875: 2873: 2856: 2850: 2848: 2838: 2836: 2826: 2818: 2814: 2810: 2809:Naval History 2803: 2796: 2790: 2781: 2775: 2774:(ii) (DD 622) 2773: 2766: 2758: 2752: 2748: 2735: 2729: 2727: 2722: 2714: 2712: 2708: 2705: 2701: 2697: 2686: 2684: 2679: 2675: 2674: 2670: 2665: 2657: 2654:Liberty ship 2652: 2648: 2645: 2641: 2637: 2632: 2627: 2623: 2619: 2615: 2610: 2605: 2602: 2598: 2594: 2589: 2585: 2581: 2577: 2573: 2569: 2565: 2564: 2558: 2554: 2546: 2545: 2539: 2530: 2528: 2527: 2522: 2518: 2513: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2498: 2493: 2489: 2485: 2479: 2477: 2473: 2468: 2467: 2461: 2457: 2453: 2448: 2443: 2441: 2437: 2433: 2429: 2425: 2420: 2416: 2412: 2408: 2404: 2400: 2393: 2392: 2386: 2379: 2374: 2370: 2367: 2362: 2358: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2341: 2337: 2333: 2328: 2325: 2315: 2311: 2309: 2304: 2300: 2295: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2277: 2275: 2270: 2266: 2262: 2258: 2254: 2246: 2245: 2239: 2225: 2223: 2222: 2217: 2216: 2210: 2209: 2203: 2202: 2196: 2195: 2190: 2189: 2184: 2183: 2178: 2177: 2172: 2171: 2165: 2161: 2160: 2155: 2154: 2149: 2148: 2143: 2142: 2137: 2136: 2131: 2130: 2125: 2124: 2119: 2115: 2114: 2109: 2108: 2103: 2099: 2098: 2093: 2092: 2086: 2083: 2079: 2075: 2071: 2067: 2063: 2054: 2045: 2043: 2039: 2038:Junkers Ju 88 2035: 2031: 2027: 2023: 2022:Castelvetrano 2019: 2016: 2012: 2008: 2004: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1985: 1981: 1976: 1974: 1970: 1966: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1946: 1941: 1937: 1933: 1929: 1925: 1916: 1907: 1905: 1904:18th Regiment 1901: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1886: 1882: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1842: 1837: 1833: 1832: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1788: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1773: 1769: 1759: 1757: 1756: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1733: 1728: 1724: 1718: 1716: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1630: 1627: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1596:ships landed 1595: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1567: 1561: 1558: 1554: 1553:Malta convoys 1551: 1550: 1549: 1546: 1545: 1540: 1537: 1536: 1535: 1534: 1528: 1525: 1523: 1520: 1518: 1515: 1513: 1510: 1508: 1505: 1504: 1503: 1502: 1495: 1492: 1488: 1485: 1483: 1480: 1478: 1475: 1474: 1473: 1470: 1468: 1465: 1463: 1460: 1457: 1454: 1451: 1450: 1446: 1444: 1441: 1439: 1438: 1434: 1432: 1429: 1426: 1425: 1421: 1418: 1417: 1413: 1411: 1408: 1407: 1406: 1405: 1398: 1395: 1392: 1391: 1387: 1384: 1381: 1378: 1377: 1373: 1371: 1368: 1365: 1364: 1360: 1358: 1357: 1356: 1351: 1349: 1348: 1344: 1341: 1340: 1336: 1333: 1332: 1328: 1325: 1324: 1320: 1318: 1317: 1313: 1310: 1309: 1305: 1302: 1301: 1297: 1294: 1291: 1290: 1289: 1288: 1282: 1279: 1276: 1273: 1270: 1267: 1264: 1263: 1259: 1256: 1255: 1251: 1249: 1248:Grand Harbour 1246: 1243: 1242: 1238: 1235: 1232: 1229: 1226: 1224: 1223: 1219: 1217: 1214: 1212: 1211: 1207: 1205: 1204: 1200: 1197: 1194: 1191: 1188: 1187: 1186: 1185: 1178: 1175: 1172: 1171: 1167: 1164: 1161: 1159: 1158: 1154: 1151: 1150: 1146: 1143: 1140: 1137: 1136: 1132: 1130: 1127: 1124: 1121: 1119: 1118:Mers-el-Kébir 1116: 1113: 1110: 1107: 1104: 1102: 1101: 1097: 1095: 1094: 1090: 1089: 1088: 1083: 1078: 1068: 1063: 1061: 1056: 1054: 1049: 1048: 1045: 1035: 1034: 1027: 1024: 1022: 1019: 1017: 1016: 1012: 1010: 1007: 1005: 1002: 1000: 999: 995: 993: 992: 988: 986: 985: 981: 979: 978: 974: 973: 972: 971: 970: 963: 960: 958: 955: 953: 950: 948: 945: 943: 940: 939: 938: 937: 936: 929: 926: 924: 921: 919: 916: 914: 913: 909: 907: 906: 902: 900: 899: 895: 893: 890: 888: 885: 883: 882:Monte Cassino 880: 878: 875: 873: 870: 868: 865: 863: 860: 858: 855: 853: 850: 849: 848: 847: 846: 839: 836: 834: 831: 829: 828:Volturno Line 826: 824: 821: 819: 818: 814: 812: 809: 807: 806: 802: 800: 797: 795: 794: 790: 788: 787: 783: 781: 780: 776: 775: 774: 773: 772: 765: 762: 760: 757: 755: 752: 750: 749: 745: 743: 742: 738: 736: 735: 731: 729: 728: 724: 722: 721: 717: 715: 714: 710: 708: 707: 703: 701: 700: 696: 695: 693: 692: 686: 681: 671: 666: 664: 659: 657: 652: 651: 648: 634: 631: 629: 626: 624: 621: 620: 619: 618: 612: 611: 607: 605: 604: 600: 598: 597: 593: 591: 590: 586: 585: 584: 583: 577: 576: 572: 570: 569: 565: 563: 562: 558: 556: 555: 551: 550: 549: 544: 539: 529: 524: 522: 517: 515: 510: 509: 506: 494: 488:5,000 wounded 484: 481: 475: 472: 471: 466: 461: 460:4th Air Fleet 458: 456: 455:3rd Air Fleet 453: 451: 448: 447: 446: 445: 439: 436: 434: 431: 430: 429: 428: 420: 417: 416: 415: 412: 411: 410: 409: 405: 401: 400: 395: 393: 392: 387: 385: 384: 379: 377: 376: 371: 369: 368: 363: 361: 360: 355: 353: 352: 347: 345: 344: 339: 338: 337: 336: 330: 327: 325: 322: 321: 320: 319: 315: 314: 309: 306: 301: 295: 290: 284: 279: 272: 266: 261: 255: 250: 245: 243: 241: 235: 230: 224: 219: 213: 208: 202: 197: 191: 186: 181: 180: 175: 171: 157: 145: 143: 131: 130:United States 120: 119: 114: 106: 103: 102: 98: 94: 90: 87: 86: 82: 79: 78: 74: 70: 69: 65: 61: 60: 56: 54: 48: 43: 40: 36: 32: 27: 22: 3846: 3844: 3838: 3831: 3825:Der Seekrieg 3824: 3810: 3796: 3789: 3782: 3775: 3761: 3754: 3747: 3733: 3723:the original 3714: 3685: 3652: 3618: 3583: 3553:. New York: 3549: 3527: 3516: 3504: 3494: 3485: 3464: 3440: 3434: 3425: 3414: 3406: 3402: 3397: 3388: 3367: 3346: 3316: 3307: 3298: 3289: 3268: 3257: 3248: 3224: 3220: 3215: 3206: 3197: 3188: 3151: 3142: 3133: 3124: 3100:. Retrieved 3093:the original 3080: 3071: 3042: 3033: 3019: 3010: 2974:. Retrieved 2952: 2943: 2931:. Retrieved 2927:the original 2917: 2905:. Retrieved 2895: 2859:. Retrieved 2825: 2812: 2808: 2802: 2794: 2789: 2780: 2771: 2765: 2751: 2699: 2695: 2692: 2682: 2673:Robert Rowan 2671: 2669:Liberty ship 2661: 2656:Robert Rowan 2655: 2643: 2635: 2630: 2625: 2617: 2613: 2608: 2606: 2600: 2587: 2583: 2579: 2575: 2571: 2567: 2562: 2552: 2550: 2543: 2524: 2520: 2516: 2514: 2508: 2504: 2500: 2496: 2491: 2483: 2480: 2475: 2471: 2465: 2459: 2455: 2451: 2446: 2444: 2439: 2435: 2431: 2418: 2415:Bf 109s 2402: 2398: 2397: 2390: 2349:Teller mines 2339: 2335: 2331: 2329: 2324:8 cm FK M. 5 2320: 2293: 2289: 2285: 2281: 2278: 2268: 2264: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2250: 2243: 2220: 2214: 2207: 2200: 2193: 2187: 2181: 2175: 2169: 2158: 2152: 2146: 2140: 2134: 2129:Samuel Chase 2128: 2122: 2117: 2112: 2106: 2101: 2096: 2090: 2087: 2059: 2025: 2010: 1994: 1979: 1977: 1940:machine guns 1921: 1895: 1864: 1856: 1830: 1819:carried the 1794: 1765: 1754: 1731: 1719: 1714: 1710: 1707:Luftflotte 2 1651:Soviet Union 1636: 1590:World War II 1581: 1579: 1539:Ligurian Sea 1532: 1531: 1500: 1499: 1448: 1442: 1436: 1423: 1415: 1403: 1402: 1389: 1375: 1362: 1354: 1352: 1346: 1338: 1330: 1322: 1315: 1307: 1299: 1286: 1285: 1261: 1253: 1240: 1221: 1209: 1202: 1196:Convoy AN 14 1183: 1182: 1169: 1156: 1148: 1142:Cape Passero 1134: 1099: 1092: 1086: 1031: 1014: 997: 990: 983: 976: 968: 966: 933: 932: 912:Chesterfield 911: 904: 897: 843: 842: 833:Barbara Line 816: 804: 792: 785: 778: 770: 768: 753: 747: 740: 733: 726: 719: 712: 705: 698: 690: 622: 616: 615: 609: 602: 595: 588: 581: 580: 574: 567: 560: 553: 547: 492: 486:3,350 killed 482: 473: 450:Luftflotte 2 444:Air support: 443: 442: 426: 425: 407: 406: 398: 390: 382: 374: 366: 358: 350: 342: 334: 333: 317: 316: 305:Paul Conrath 239: 116:Belligerents 67: 58: 52: 39:World War II 29:Part of the 2466:Abercrombie 2345:Half-tracks 2303:Acate River 2274:Acate River 1926:, concrete 1924:barbed wire 1910:Axis forces 1892:4th Rangers 1811:with 1,124 1785:Caltagirone 1699:Pantelleria 1624:for use by 1431:Pantelleria 1009:Argenta Gap 935:Gothic Line 845:Winter Line 359:Abercrombie 64:sister ship 3853:Categories 3538:References 2678:ammunition 2664:Minelayers 2593:Panzer III 2357:bulldozers 2135:Betelgeuse 2066:destroyers 2024:, and two 1809:transports 1737:UG convoys 1633:Background 1472:Dodecanese 1424:Campobasso 1376:Portcullis 1281:Alexandria 1210:Abstention 1129:Cape Spada 1021:Collecchio 962:Garfagnana 947:San Marino 862:San Pietro 3790:Sea Power 3658:Brassey's 3608:231683373 2744:Citations 2597:Panzer IV 2574:replaced 2566:replaced 2561:USS 2542:USS 2517:Luftwaffe 2464:HMS 2428:Fiat 3000 2405:launched 2389:USS 2366:sand bars 2242:USS 2213:USS 2206:USS 2199:USS 2168:USS 1932:anti-tank 1928:pillboxes 1879:with the 1829:USS 1777:Scoglitti 1772:limestone 1770:was on a 1753:USS 1730:USS 1711:Luftwaffe 1679:squadrons 1641:in North 1606:Luftwaffe 1527:La Ciotat 1522:Port Cros 1512:Santorini 1347:Agreement 1293:2nd Sirte 1275:1st Sirte 1241:Substance 1216:Souda Bay 838:Bari raid 793:Slapstick 786:Avalanche 764:Centuripe 734:Narcissus 706:Mincemeat 699:Corkscrew 633:Centuripe 596:Narcissus 568:Corkscrew 554:Mincemeat 397:USS 389:USS 381:USS 373:USS 365:USS 357:HMS 349:USS 341:USS 3676:51848555 3643:41977179 3573:85019241 3547:(2007). 3102:12 March 2976:16 March 2901:"Santee" 2861:17 March 2819:: 47–48. 2700:Monrovia 2631:Savannah 2568:Shubrick 2460:Savannah 2452:Savannah 2440:Shubrick 2436:Shubrick 2432:Savannah 2419:Savannah 2403:Savannah 2391:Shubrick 2340:Savannah 2294:Savannah 2269:Shubrick 2261:Thurston 2208:Shubrick 2201:Savannah 2188:Bernadou 2141:Thurston 2118:Monrovia 2070:cruisers 2026:staffeln 2011:staffeln 1995:staffeln 1959:with 46 1883:and the 1855:(sector 1831:Monrovia 1713:and 449 1689:and two 1677:(twenty 1671:fighters 1657:through 1363:Stoneage 1339:Pedestal 1331:Vigorous 1300:Calendar 1262:Duisburg 1173: ¹ 1123:Calabria 1106:Club Run 905:Strangle 892:Cisterna 748:Ladbroke 727:Chestnut 603:Chestnut 589:Ladbroke 582:Invasion 498:14 tanks 483:Italian: 367:Shubrick 343:Savannah 88:Location 68:Savannah 53:Brooklyn 3705:3758769 3441:Talamba 3403:Talamba 2933:5 April 2907:5 April 2709:landed 2689:12 July 2644:Livorno 2636:Livorno 2588:Barnett 2584:Orizaba 2580:Dickman 2576:Jeffers 2572:Glennon 2553:LST-312 2544:Barnett 2533:11 July 2526:Talamba 2509:LST-312 2505:LST-313 2501:LST-313 2488:Tiger I 2332:LST-338 2286:LST-345 2265:Stanton 2253:Barnett 2233:10 July 2221:Jeffers 2176:Glennon 2153:Orizaba 2113:Barnett 2048:Prelude 2007:Sciacca 2003:Trapani 1991:Catania 1980:staffel 1973:Tiger I 1963:and 32 1875:of the 1836:Morocco 1799:of 222 1781:Niscemi 1762:Setting 1741:U-boats 1588:during 1410:Zuwarah 1397:Algiers 1390:Olterra 1323:Harpoon 1316:Albumen 1254:Halberd 1222:Matapan 1163:Otranto 1157:Taranto 1026:Trieste 1015:Herring 1004:Bologna 984:Tombola 952:Gemmano 779:Baytown 741:Fustian 720:Animals 713:Barclay 610:Fustian 575:Barclay 561:Animals 548:Prelude 493:German: 399:Glennon 375:Jeffers 267: ( 240:† 170:Germany 33:in the 3817: 3803: 3768: 3740: 3703: 3693: 3674: 3664: 3641: 3631: 3606: 3596: 3571: 3561: 3225:Maddox 3221:Maddox 2772:Maddox 2696:Butler 2563:Butler 2424:Butera 2290:PC-621 2282:Maddox 2244:Maddox 2228:Battle 2194:Dallas 2191:, and 2182:Maddox 2170:Murphy 2156:, and 2107:Oberon 2040:A and 2009:, two 1993:, two 1930:, and 1853:Licata 1755:Ranger 1732:Santee 1691:groups 1659:France 1643:Africa 1602:Sicily 1477:Rhodes 1462:Bastia 1449:Scylla 1437:Sicily 1383:Skerki 1370:Toulon 1308:Bowery 1228:Tarigo 1190:Excess 1112:Espero 991:Bowler 977:Encore 942:Rimini 923:Ancona 898:Diadem 877:Rapido 872:Ortona 811:Naples 759:Troina 628:Troina 617:Inland 391:Butler 383:Maddox 236: 167: 153: 139: 127: 104:Result 97:Sicily 3726:(PDF) 3719:(PDF) 3228:' 3096:(PDF) 3089:(PDF) 2815:(5). 2717:Notes 2683:Boise 2618:Boise 2614:Boise 2609:LST-2 2476:Boise 2472:Boise 2456:Boise 2447:Boise 2399:Boise 2353:DUKWs 2336:Boise 2299:radar 2215:Boise 1936:mined 1851:near 1739:from 1687:Malta 1681:) of 1675:wings 1614:tanks 1482:Leros 1416:Cigno 1355:Torch 1234:Crete 1203:Genoa 1170:White 1135:Hurry 1100:Malta 998:Roast 887:Anzio 817:Devon 805:Achse 474:U.S.: 351:Boise 156:Italy 59:Boise 3889:Gela 3815:ISBN 3801:ISBN 3766:ISBN 3738:ISBN 3701:OCLC 3691:ISBN 3672:OCLC 3662:ISBN 3639:OCLC 3629:ISBN 3604:OCLC 3594:ISBN 3569:OCLC 3559:ISBN 3104:2012 2978:2012 2935:2012 2909:2012 2863:2012 2770:USS 2595:and 2582:and 2515:The 2401:and 2338:and 2263:and 2257:Lyon 2218:and 2123:Lyon 2078:LCTs 2074:LCIs 2062:Oran 1953:Fiat 1951:and 1902:and 1896:Dime 1890:and 1871:and 1869:16th 1865:Cent 1857:Joss 1795:The 1783:and 1768:Gela 1703:Gozo 1701:and 1608:and 1533:1945 1517:Symi 1501:1944 1443:Gela 1404:1943 1287:1942 1184:1941 1093:Vado 1087:1940 928:Elba 867:Moro 754:Gela 623:Gela 93:Gela 80:Date 3405:", 3231:270 2622:CCB 2028:of 2013:of 1997:of 1982:of 1949:R35 1888:3rd 1885:1st 1693:of 1507:Ist 1487:Kos 1269:Bon 1149:MB8 270:POW 37:of 3855:: 3699:. 3670:. 3660:. 3637:. 3627:. 3602:. 3592:. 3567:. 3557:. 3473:^ 3448:^ 3376:^ 3355:^ 3328:^ 3277:^ 3236:^ 3172:^ 3160:^ 3112:^ 3051:^ 2998:^ 2986:^ 2961:^ 2883:^ 2871:^ 2846:^ 2834:^ 2813:11 2811:. 2725:^ 2458:, 2413:. 2359:. 2276:. 2259:, 2255:, 2185:, 2179:, 2173:, 2150:, 2144:, 2138:, 2132:, 2126:, 2120:, 2116:, 2110:, 2104:, 2100:, 2094:, 2076:, 2036:. 1787:. 1592:. 1277:¹² 1125:¹² 1114:¹² 95:, 3707:. 3678:. 3645:. 3610:. 3575:. 3106:. 3027:. 2980:. 2937:. 2911:. 2865:. 2759:. 1541:¹ 1496:¹ 1458:² 1452:² 1427:² 1419:² 1399:¹ 1393:¹ 1385:² 1379:¹ 1366:¹ 1342:¹ 1334:¹ 1326:¹ 1311:¹ 1303:¹ 1295:¹ 1271:² 1265:² 1257:¹ 1244:¹ 1236:² 1230:² 1198:¹ 1192:¹ 1179:¹ 1165:² 1152:¹ 1144:¹ 1138:¹ 1108:¹ 1066:e 1059:t 1052:v 669:e 662:t 655:v 527:e 520:t 513:v 273:)

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Knowledge

Battle of Gela (1943)

Index