45:
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left was Bryan's
Artillery Battery supported by the 36th Virginia Infantry. On the far right behind the 45th Virginia Infantry Regiment was the 45th Virginia Infantry Battalion (a.k.a. Beckley's Battalion), and it protected the Confederate right flank along a wooded area. A cavalry detachment of about 750 men from Brigadier General John H. Morgan's command was supposed to leave Saltville on May 8 by train. Equipment problems caused the train to not leave until close to midnight on May 8, and many men had to be left behind at Glade Spring. The detachment was commanded by Colonel D. Howard Smith, and only 400 men made the entire trip. On the morning of May 9 they were still en
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Farm", and his casualties included the battle of May 9 and subsequent operations. The 45th
Virginia Infantry Regiment and 60th Virginia Infantry accounted for 174 and 158 of the casualties, respectively. Also included in the total was one casualty for the Botetourt Artillery—which fought on May 10 at the railroad bridge, but not on May 9. The 17th Virginia Cavalry, which was not present for the fighting on May 9 or May 10, had two casualties listed. It was involved in the pursuit of Crook's and Averell's forces. Although Confederate casualties were lower than those of the Union, they accounted for nearly one quarter of their strength.
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1092:
605:. Dublin was also the home of an instruction camp for Confederate recruits, and it was the commissary and quartermaster center for southwestern Virginia. East of the headquarters was a large railroad bridge across the New River. The bridge was 780 feet (240 m) long, and it was constructed with timber on stone pylons. Grant regarded the railroad as "one of the most important lines connecting the Confederate armies". Several attacks on the railroad in 1863 had only limited success. When Grant met with Crook in March, he emphasized that he wanted the railroad's infrastructure destroyed in multiple places.
140:
1184:
1117:
994:
785:
1050:
West
Virginia and 91st Ohio Infantries were waiting behind a ridge in back of the two attacking regiments. Beckley's men were surprised with a volley from the two Union regiments. Fearing that his men would be surrounded, Beckley ordered a retreat to his original position. After the two Union regiments involved in the initial attack were safely in the rear, the other two Union regiments charged. By this time, Beckley's men began panicking, which caused them to retreat in confusion. The Union charge was blunted by the arrival of the two Confederate artillery pieces.
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1059:
896:
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543:
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It was about 10 miles (16 km) from Dublin Depot. At that time they were joined by a detachment of 400 cavalrymen led by
Colonel John H. Oley. Crook believed that Confederate troops would be waiting for them at the summit of the mountain on the road to Dublin, and more Confederate soldiers would be waiting on the south side. Crook's men began moving toward the mountain at sunrise on May 9, and skirmishers were driven away from the summit. All Union forces had reached the summit by 9:00
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Staunton—and Crook had heard nothing from Sigel. Crook was now about 150 miles (240 km) beyond his base and low on food and ammunition. If Grant and Sigel had been repulsed, more
Confederate troops would be available to pursue Crook. For that reason, Crook believed it would be prudent to return north to Lewisburg. This would put his command close to his supply base, but still keep him in position to join Sigel at Staunton (as planned) if Sigel had been successful.
1100:
McCausland. The new
Confederate commander immediately moved one artillery piece and the 36th Virginia Infantry, commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Thomas Smith, from the left to the right. The 36th Virginia formed two lines about 200 yards behind the Confederate line on the right. They slowed the Union advance, and McCausland ordered a charge against the 91st Ohio. After Smith was wounded, many from his command fell back. They were soon joined by Beckley's Battalion.
1108:) fired grape and canister until no Union soldiers were standing. At that time, the artillery crew began retreating with everyone else. On the far left, Bryan's Battery was receiving Union artillery fire from two locations, and it could not help the Confederate infantry because they were mixed with the Union soldiers. With little infantry support, the battery was threatened by the 15th West Virginia Infantry, and it was eventually forced to join the retreat.
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625:
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the
Botetourt Artillery, which did not fight in the battle at Cloyd's farm. The west side of the bridge had some defensive works that were not entirely completed, but McCausland believed his men could be trapped by the river if they tried to defend from that side. He had his men cross the bridge to the east side, and it took five hours to move six pieces from the Botetourt Artillery across the river by boat.
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volleys at an enemy behind fortifications, the 1st
Brigade rarely stopped moving. Moving with the brigade near the front was Brigadier General Crook, who was dismounted. After a brief pause, the brigade charged the final 250 yards (230 meters) up some bluffs where they ran directly into the 60th West Virginia. They fought for about 20 minutes. The Confederate line broke and men began fleeing in confusion.
1228:
defeated". Despite driving the
Confederate Army off the battlefield, capturing Dublin Depot, and burning an important railroad bridge, Crook did not achieve total victory because the Confederate Army was able to get away. Crook did not have explosives necessary to destroy the foundation of the New River bridge. It was rebuilt, using fire-resistant green timber, in less than five weeks.
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Colonel McCausland and retreating
Confederate soldiers. McCausland had Smith place his men near the road to protect the retreat, and they were initially effective in stopping the Union pursuit. After about one hour, Smith found his men in danger of being flanked, so they also began a slow retreat. Smith's force joined McCausland's men that evening around sunset.
380:. That railroad was important to the Confederacy for moving troops and supplies. The fighting occurred about five miles (8.0 km) north of the Virginia & Tennessee's Dublin Depot. Additional Confederate forces arrived at a nearby railroad depot after the major portion of the fighting was completed, and they enabled the Confederate fighters to escape.
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1256:. The battle was inconclusive, but Grant continued toward the Confederate capital city of Richmond instead of retreating like his predecessors. Despite Averell's lack of success with the mines, he diverted Confederate troops away from Crook. Breckinridge defeated Major General Franz Sigel on May 15 in the
1411:
One source says Crook's infantry moved through Wyoming Court House. However, a map from the same source does not show movement in Wyoming County, and Crook does not mention Wyoming Court House in his report. The 5th West Virginia Cavalry camped at Wyoming Court House on May 5 before it joined Crook a
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am Crook's artillery began firing at the Confederates on the other side of the river, and Confederate artillery returned fire. The exchange of artillery fire lasted for about three hours. The Union artillery had an advantage of being mounted on a higher elevation. Two guns from Union Captain David W.
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When Crook's men entered the Dublin Depot, they found some telegraph dispatches (possibly planted) that incorrectly indicated Grant had been repulsed and was retreating in eastern Virginia. Communications between Dublin and Lynchburg also caused concern about Sigel's portion of Grant's plan to attack
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Observing the Union retreat, Jenkins ordered Beckley's men, with support from two companies of the 45th Virginia Infantry, to counterattack. He also ordered two artillery pieces moved from his left side of the battlefield to the right. Because of the woods and brush, Jenkins did not know that the 9th
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Crook's troops camped on Wolf Creek during the night of May 7. On the next day, they marched 24 miles (39 km) along the creek until they reached Shannon's Bridge and camped for the evening. The bridge was located at the junction of the Giles Court House (Pearisburg), Princeton, and Dublin roads.
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Tennessee Railroad bridge located about eight miles (13 km) east of the Dublin Depot. This fighting was essentially an artillery duel, and its few casualties are included in totals for both sides. Confederate forces eventually fled further east, and the railroad bridge was burned by Crook's men.
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The delaying action by the 36th Virginia, and then Morgan's detachment, enabled McCausland to evacuate Dublin and move troops, artillery, and a portion of Dublin's supplies eight miles (13 km) east to the New River railroad bridge. Waiting to assist McCausland on the west side of the bridge was
1014:
am. White's 2nd Brigade was covertly placed on Jenkins' right under the cover of a wooded-area. Hayes' 1st Brigade, with Crook, formed in between the 3rd and 2nd Brigades. The cavalry attached to the 1st Brigade remained back "a mile or two" (1.6 to 3.2 km) protecting the rear and guarding the wagon
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to Dublin Depot. He decided he would intercept Crook on the Dublin–Pearisburg Pike at Cloyd's Farm. This site is at the base of the south side of Cloyd's Mountain. To get to Jenkins' men, Union soldiers would have to descend the south side of the mountain and cross an open area with a creek known as
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Tennessee Railroad. Lee mistakenly thought that Staunton was the main target, and movements further west were deceptions. Brigadier General John H. Morgan and his brigade were relieved from duty in eastern Tennessee and ordered to report to Breckinridge. Breckinridge shifted the few troops he had in
804:
Crook's main force began moving on May 2 and marched south toward Raleigh Court House (Beckley). The major difficulty in the march was cold and wet weather plus trees that had been chopped down to obstruct the roads. Crook took steps to conceal his movement. A small cavalry force led the expedition,
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Believing that a Union infantry force had crossed the river at another location in an attempted flanking maneuver, McCausland withdrew toward Christiansburg. The Union soldiers pushed two burning railroad cars onto the bridge, causing the bridge to burn down. It took two hours to burn, and all that
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Tennessee Railroad, including the salt works and lead mines. Jenkins grew more concerned—he had only 200 fighters. He requested that Breckinridge allow McCausland's Brigade to remain with Jenkins for a day or two longer. On the evening of May 6, McCausland stopped his men from boarding the train in
714:
Brigadier General Albert G. Jenkins was temporarily in command of the Confederate Department of Western Virginia. Jenkins had very few soldiers readily available, and nearly all Confederate participants in the battle either arrived at the Dublin Depot by railroad or were delayed from departing from
453:
In 1860, there was more railroad track in the United States than all other countries combined. The American Civil War became the world's first war where railroads played an important part. While the Union states had much of the railroad milage, the Confederate States still had more mileage than any
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Although the Virginia Central Railroad had begun construction of railroad line further west, its line was completed only as far west as its Jackson's River Station. Breckinridge had two railroad options to get to Staunton: 1) the Virginia Central railroad could be used from its western-most depot,
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Brigadier General Jenkins did not recover from the wound to his arm. He was captured and treated at the Cloyd house, but an improper treatment of a ligature caused him to bleed to death on May 21. Confederate casualties totaled 538 in McCausland's report. He called the fight "the battle of Cloyd's
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Union casualties listed in Crook's report, which include the skirmishes on May 8 and 10 (New River Bridge), totaled to 688. Carr's 2nd Brigade had 391 of the casualties, which included 186 for the 9th West Virginia. The total casualties of 688 amounted to roughly 10 percent of the Union force. The
1103:
In danger of being surrounded by the Union's 9th West Virginia and 91st Ohio, the 45th Virginia Infantry Regiment needed to link with the 60th Virginia. Leading two companies from the 60th Virginia, Major Jacob N. Taylor was killed in action. Lieutenant Colonel E. H. Harman, who was commanding the
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Crook ordered Colonel White, commander of the 2nd Brigade, to find Jenkins' right and strike hard. The three Union brigades were supposed to simultaneously attack on the left, right, and center. White was expected to wait for a signal cannon, but he could not distinguish the signal cannon from the
980:
am on May 9. Inspecting McCausland's deployment, Jenkins made some changes in the positioning of the men. The front line consisted of the 60th Virginia Infantry on the left, one artillery piece, Home Guard in the middle, and the 45th Virginia Infantry Regiment on the right. Further back on the far
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Hayes' 1st Brigade, consisting of infantry from Ohio, began their advance after the 3rd Brigade. Confederate home guard and the 60th Virginia Infantry, unaware of the situation on their extreme right, left their fortifications to meet Hayes' men. Unlike the other two brigades that paused to fire
903:
McCausland's Brigade left Princeton on May 5 to begin its move to Staunton. When Crook's Union infantry arrived at Princeton on May 6, he encountered a small cavalry company that fled after token resistance—instead of an entire brigade. After capturing the town, Crook's men camped overnight, and
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When Hayes made his charge, he had his left wing unite with White's 9th West Virginia. At the same time, the 91st Ohio moved around the Confederate right flank and began firing into the Confederate rear. Jenkins was wounded in the arm around this time, and he turned over command to Colonel John
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on May 10. He arrived in Dublin on May 11 after Crook had left for the New River Bridge. Both Crook and Averell planned to move back to the security of West Virginia. Averell left Dublin on May 12 and proceeded toward Christiansburg, where he destroyed more railroad infrastructure and military
1128:
Unknown to the Union soldiers, the detachment of Confederate men from Morgan's command arrived at Dublin by rail when the battle was almost over. The commander of the detachment, Colonel D. Howard Smith, immediately moved his men toward Cloyd's farm. Before they had advanced very far, they met
1124:
McCausland reformed the 36th Virginia (with remnants of other units) for the purpose of delaying the Union pursuit, and he was assisted by one of the artillery pieces from the Ringgold Battery. For the pursuit, Crook brought forward the few cavalrymen he had. Colonel John H. Oley commanded the
1045:
to attack Jenkins' right. Both regiments were repelled after 20 to 30 minutes of fighting. The Union soldiers made the mistake of halting in the open to return fire to an enemy behind fortifications. According to the report of Colonel Daniel D. Johnson, commander of the 14th West Virginia, the
1227:
Discounting early skirmishing and the pursuit, estimates of the duration of the main portion of the battle range from slightly less than one hour to 90 minutes. The battle was a victory for Crook and the Union army. Confederate Colonel McCausland described the result by simply saying "We were
1145:
In Dublin, Crook's men found warehouses with food, military equipment, and tobacco. They camped in Dublin that night, and began destroying anything of military value in the morning. Buildings burned included the depot and adjacent property, warehouses, a nearby hotel, and one or two private
443:. Each of those two railroads also had more mileage within Virginia than any other railroad. Attacking the railroads would cause Lee to send troops west to protect vital railroad infrastructure, resulting in fewer men available to protect the Confederate capitol in Richmond.
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remained were the bridge's pylons. Although McCausland believed he would be pursued further east, Crook chose not to do so. Crook had already accomplished his goal of destroying Dublin Depot, the bridge, and some track. Instead, he decided to move back to West Virginia.
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left wing of the 45th Virginia Infantry, was mortally wounded shortly after the link up. Using one piece of artillery, the 45th Virginia was able to escape from being surrounded, although that piece was captured. As the Union troops pursued them, another cannon (a
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Tennessee Railroad could be boarded (Dublin Depot near New Bern, Wytheville, or Christiansburg) to move east to Lynchburg, where one could connect to another railroad that connected with the Virginia Central Railroad to the north at Charlottesville east of
1015:
train. Crook's artillery began returning artillery fire not only at the Confederate artillery, but also at the Confederate fortifications. About 100 men from the cavalry in the rear guard moved forward and dismounted to protect two of the artillery pieces.
648:, that totaled 6,155 men. Crook was experienced and his men were confident in his abilities. A 400-man detachment of cavalry was added to his 1st Brigade while they were preceding to their target destination, which increased the size of the force to 6,555.
837:
and south of Staunton, the southern portion of West Virginia, and eastern Tennessee. He did not have enough troops to protect his vast and mountainous territory. His priorities were to protect the Saltville salt mines, the Austinville lead mines, and the
883:. An exception was the 45th Virginia Infantry Regiment, which was stationed in Saltville, Virginia. The movement of troops toward Staunton left the territory west of the New River and east of Saltville with little protection. Brigadier General
282:
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residences. They also destroyed part of the railroad line. About six miles (9.7 km) of railroad track and ties were removed from the line. The track was made useless heating it with burning railroad ties and twisting it.
578:. The Virginia & Tennessee carried Confederate soldiers and raw materials both east and west. The railroad was also an important transporter of food from southwest Virginia to soldiers and civilians in the east. President
275:
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to communicate with General Lee and protect Staunton against Sigel's army advancing south in the valley. Breckinridge began moving most of his troops to Staunton via the Virginia Central Railroad's western terminal at
1066:
Sickel's Brigade began moving after the 2nd Brigade attack, but before the 1st Brigade was finished positioning. According to Sickel's report, his 3rd Brigade "was ordered to advance upon the enemy's works" at about
800:
toward Lewisburg. The infantry band played during the march, and at night huge bonfires burned. This deception worked, causing Confederate leadership to believe that an entire division was moving toward Lewisburg.
1453:
Although communications from Breckinridge indicate that McCausland was to proceed to Staunton via the Jackson River Depot of the Virginia Central Railroad, McCausland moved to Dublin where his troops would use the
268:
1009:
In the woods near the bottom of the mountain, Crook sent Sickel's 3rd Brigade to Jenkins' left (Crook's right) where they formed a battle line close to the road. Sickel's report said his men were placed at
1364:, was made during July 1863 and caused only minor damage to the railroad. Brigadier General Averell led attempts to damage the railroad in November and December 1863. These actions became known as the
908:
am. Crook had two choices for his route to the railroad. He believed that the most direct route might be guarded, so he took an indirect route on a rougher road through the mountains and Rocky Gap.
597:
to a salt works in Saltville, Virginia. Further east along the line were lead mines located south of Wytheville. Further east from Wytheville was the regional Confederate Army headquarters at the
1232:
5th and 7th West Virginia cavalry detachments had no casualties listed despite a regimental history describing "riderless horses" and McCausland reporting them "repulsed with considerable loss".
825:
was commander of the Department of Western Virginia and headquartered in Dublin on the Virginia & Tennessee Railroad. He had been appointed to this position earlier in the year. A former
3546:
2313:
530:. After 1863, this salt works produced an estimated two thirds of the salt used by the Confederacy. A potential target for Averell was the Austin lead mine located south of Wytheville in
911:
The Union capture of Princeton worried Confederate leadership because the town was considered an important point for guarding major roads west of the New River that lead to the Virginia
4631:
1071:
am. Sickel's men charged across a meadow against an enemy (60th Virginia Infantry) protected by fortifications. Bryan's Confederate battery (from the distant left) responded with
715:
Dublin on the railroad. Approximately 2,350 men were under Jenkins' command for the battle, and he had ten artillery pieces. All three regiments at Cloyd's Mountain, and Colonel
562:
at the Virginia–Tennessee border. Additional railroads could be used from Lynchburg to move east to Richmond, and railroads connecting to Bristol could be used to move west to
2053:
2014:
813:/snipers from harassing the troops. Trees were burned as the troops moved over the mountains to provide a smokescreen that concealed the size and movement of Crook's force.
392:
Although Union forces burned the railroad depot, burned a major railroad bridge, and destroyed portions of the railroad track, the damage was repaired in about one month.
849:
On May 1, Lee informed Breckinridge that it appeared that Union troops commanded by Averell were planning to attack Staunton (Virginia Central Railroad) or the Virginia
961:
7 to a series of bluffs south of Cloyd's Mountain where they could cover the Dublin–Pearisburg Turnpike. McCausland deployed his brigade at Cloyd's Farm early on May
766:- Captain White G. Ryan commanded the Montgomery Home Guards. Other volunteers included James Cloyd, owner of Cloyd's Farm; and Reverend William P. Hickman of the
2221:
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1425:
infrastructure was often placed along railroad lines. During the American Civil War, the telegraph allowed unprecedented communication among military leaders.
3996:
The Unvanquished: The Untold Story of Lincoln's Special Forces, the Manhunt for Mosby's Rangers, and the Shadow War That Forged America's Special Operations
1331:
An example of Confederate troops using the Virginia & Tennessee Railroad for transportation is the 1863 transport of a portion of Lieutenant General
1046:
Confederate infantrymen were so well protected by a breastworks composed of logs and fence rails that fire from the guns could be seen—but no soldiers.
976:
Early in the morning on May 8, the 45th Virginia Infantry Regiment left Saltville to reinforce Jenkins. They reached the base of Cloyd's Mountain at 9:00
950:
Back Creek. There had been some debate on placing artillery on top of the mountain and blocking the road, but others worried about losing cannons from a
365:. Although the intense fighting portion of this battle may have lasted for only one hour, it was southwestern Virginia's largest fight of the Civil War.
697:
Artillery - Captain James R. McMullin was the Chief of Artillery for two batteries. The combined firepower of the two batteries was 12 artillery pieces.
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In addition to having McCausland's Brigade, Jenkins pulled the Ringgold Artillery Battery from the train in Dublin. This battery was sent on May
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1075:, and soon Sickel ordered a retreat. Sickel's Brigade had about 100 casualties in only a few minutes—including the commanding colonel of the
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1507:
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Sheehan-Dean, Aaron (1997). "Success Is So Blended with Defeat - Virginia Soldiers in the Shenandoah Valley". In Gallagher, Gary W. (ed.).
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Salt, an essential part of the diet for humans and livestock, was also used for packing and preserving meat during the American Civil War.
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85:
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administration, he was experienced and skilled in military affairs. His department was responsible for all of Virginia west of the
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The War of the Rebellion: a Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies Series I Volume XXXVII Part II
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The War of the Rebellion: a Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies Series I Volume XXXVII Part II
1398:) is identified in some maps as "Beckley", but in others as "Raleigh C.H." or Raleigh Court House. Beckley is the county seat of
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The War of the Rebellion: a Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies Series I Volume XXXVII Part I
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The War of the Rebellion: a Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies Series I Volume XXXVII Part I
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The War of the Rebellion: a Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies Series I Volume XXXVII Part I
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The War of the Rebellion: a Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies Series I Volume XXXVII Part I
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The War of the Rebellion: a Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies Series I Volume XXXVII Part I
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The War of the Rebellion: a Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies Series I Volume XXXVII Part I
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The War of the Rebellion: a Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies Series I Volume XXXVII Part I
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The War of the Rebellion: a Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies Series I Volume XXXVII Part I
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The War of the Rebellion: a Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies Series I Volume XXXVII Part I
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The War of the Rebellion: a Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies Series I Volume XXXVII Part I
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The War of the Rebellion: a Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies Series I Volume XXXVII Part I
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The War of the Rebellion: a Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies Series I Volume XXXVII Part I
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The War of the Rebellion: a Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies Series I Volume XXXVII Part I
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The War of the Rebellion: a Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies Series I Volume XXXVII Part I
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The War of the Rebellion: a Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies Series I Volume XXXVII Part I
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1394:(especially in Virginia) were identified with the county name followed by "Court House". For example, Beckley, Virginia (later
1079:. For a moment, the Virginians thought they had won the battle—until they saw on their right Union troops about to flank them.
792:
In addition to sending Averell's cavalry to Saltville, Crook had additional plans to confuse the Confederate Army. He sent the
4201:
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and Richard R. Duncan, call Crook and Averell's May 1864 attacks on the Virginia & Tennessee Railroad "the Dublin Raid".
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1038:
471:. The Virginia Central Railroad ran through Staunton and connected with Richmond. Sigel began his part of the plan on April
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Ringgold Battery - This artillery battery was commanded by Captain Crispin Dickenson. It had four artillery pieces: three
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4397:
826:
793:
676:. The 400-man cavalry detachment added to the brigade was essentially mounted infantry, and it was not armed with sabers.
492:
4219:
Withers, John (1891). "May 4, 1864, Correspondence of John Withers, Special Orders No. 102". In Scott, Robert N. (ed.).
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350:
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Boyd Jr, C. Clifford; Whisonant, Robert C.; Herman, Rhett B.; Stephenson, George C.; Montgomery, Sarah B. (June 2019).
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526:, to attack further west from Crook's destination. Averell's goal was to disable a salt works located in a town called
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Campaigns. It was also used to move agricultural products and raw materials from the Shenandoah Valley to Richmond.
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260:
1335:'s First Corps from Lee's Army of Northern Virginia to Tennessee where it reinforced the Confederate Army in the
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cavalry detachment that consisted of portions of multiple regiments with horses that were not in good condition.
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428:
369:
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Breckinridge, John C. (1891). "May 5, 1864, Correspondence of John C. Breckinridge". In Scott, Robert N. (ed.).
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The Virginia Central Railroad was 200 miles (320 km) long and connected Richmond, Virginia, with the upper
652:
1st Brigade - This brigade was commanded by Crook's best commander and a future president of the United States,
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After their raids on the Virginia & Tennessee Railroad, Crook and Averell reunited at Union, West Virginia
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Tennessee Railroad's Dublin Depot. He sent a smaller 2,500-man cavalry force, commanded by Brigadier General
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from the east. In western Virginia, the railroads that supplied Lee's army were Union targets, including the
161:
156:
4172:(4). Charlottesville, Virginia: Commonwealth of Virginia, Department of Mines, Minerals, and Energy: 29–39.
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3535:"Geophysical and Archaeological Investigations of a Civil War Gun Emplacement in Pulaski County, Virginia"
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at the railroad's Central Depot, which was about one mile (1.6 km) away. Captain James R. McMullen's
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Crook's force was the 2nd Infantry Division of the Department of West Virginia. It was also known as the
504:
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Jenkins, A. G. (1891). "Correspondence of Brigadier General A. G. Jenkins". In Scott, Robert N. (ed.).
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2218:"Confederate Virginia Troops - Bryan's Company, Virginia Artillery (Bryan Artillery)(Monroe Artillery)"
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4159:"Geology and the Civil War in Southwestern Virginia: Union Raiders in the New River Valley, May 1864"
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became commander of all Union armed forces. Grant's strategy in Virginia was to attack the strongest
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1471:
Cozzens incorrectly calls the turnpike the "Dublin-Petersburg" Turnpike, while Duncan and Boyd Jr et
1062:
Sickel's Brigade was repelled, but Hayes Brigade soon drove back the Confederate line (not to scale)
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Scammon, E. Parker (1889). "Report of Brig. Gen. E. Parker Scammon...". In Scott, Robert N. (ed.).
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In his report, Crook said "Had I but 1,000 effective cavalry none of the enemy could have escaped."
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326:
79:
49:
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Beckley, Henry M. (1891). "Report of Lieut. Col. Henry M. Beckley...". In Scott, Robert N. (ed.).
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1402:. Some of these smaller communities consisted of not much more than a courthouse during the 1860s.
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French, William H. (1891). "Reports of Colonel William H. French...". In Scott, Robert N. (ed.).
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534:. The lead mine produced about one-third to one fourth of the lead consumed by the Confederacy.
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Archeological Society of Virginia Quarterly Bulletin (America: History and Life with Full Text)
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3965:
McMullin, James R. (1891). "Report of Capt. James R. McMullin...". In Scott, Robert N. (ed.).
3887:
3668:
Dickenson, Crispin (1891). "Report of Capt. Crispin Dickenson...". In Scott, Robert N. (ed.).
1971:
1260:, and this caused Sigel to retreat north. Six days later, Sigel was replaced by Major General
44:
4530:
4484:
4382:
4372:
4105:
Sickel, Horatio G. (1891). "Report of Col. Horatio G. Sickel...". In Scott, Robert N. (ed.).
3860:
Jones, Beuhring H. (1891). "Report of Col. Beuhring H. Jones...". In Scott, Robert N. (ed.).
3789:
Johnson, Daniel D. (1891). "Report of Col. Daniel D. Johnson...". In Scott, Robert N. (ed.).
3588:
Browne, William H. (1891). "Report of Col. William H. Browne...". In Scott, Robert N. (ed.).
1336:
1191:
Averell's cavalry was unable to attack the salt works or lead mines, and was repelled in the
757:
423:
would target Lee's army directly, while another Union force would attack Lee and the city of
3694:
Douthat, Henry C. (1891). "Report of Capt. Henry C. Douthat...". In Scott, Robert N. (ed.).
2398:
1032:
Two attacking Union regiments were driven back behind two concealed regiments (not to scale)
737:
Fourth Brigade - This brigade was commanded by Colonel John McCausland. It consisted of the
4525:
1357:
1257:
1200:
834:
822:
575:
563:
3939:
McCausland, John (1891). "Reports of Col. John McCausland...". In Scott, Robert N. (ed.).
558:
Tennessee Railroad was 204 miles (328 km) long and connected Lynchburg, Virginia, to
8:
4573:
4519:
4316:
4131:
Smith, D. Howard (1891). "Report of Col. D. Howard Smith...". In Scott, Robert N. (ed.).
3886:
Jones, Samuel (1889). "Reports of Maj. Gen. Samuel Jones...". In Scott, Robert N. (ed.).
3642:
Crook, George (1891). "Report of Brig. Gen. George Crook...". In Scott, Robert N. (ed.).
1435:
the Jackson River Depot in Allegany County, to move east to Staunton; and 2) the Virginia
724:
673:
653:
527:
496:
420:
1207:. Both Crook and Averell had been unsuccessfully pursued by Colonel William H. French's
4454:
4402:
3836:
1422:
1297:
1164:
684:
571:
523:
468:
330:
36:
4595:
4226:
4207:
4197:
4138:
4112:
4093:
4083:
4082:. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press. pp. 257–287.
4059:
4028:
4009:
3999:
3972:
3946:
3927:
3917:
3893:
3867:
3796:
3770:
3744:
3725:
3701:
3675:
3649:
3595:
3569:
3514:
1289:
1285:
1154:
Approaching the railroad bridge on May 10, Crook's men drove off skirmishers. At 9:30
951:
946:
884:
691:
645:
602:
559:
464:
358:
178:
4588:
4362:
3828:
1332:
1168:
806:
661:
633:
598:
404:
290:
182:
1199:
Crook took a different route to West Virginia, but the two Union forces joined at
899:
Crook captured Princeton, with roads to strategic points near the V&T Railroad
593:
In western Virginia, a branch line of the Virginia & Tennessee ran north from
4561:
1361:
938:
875:
716:
579:
546:
Crook's targets along the Virginia & Tennessee Railroad in southwest Virginia
362:
190:
495:. From there, Crook would form a junction with Sigel at Staunton and advance to
1244:
Grant and the Army of the Potomac fought Lee's Army of Northern Virginia on May
830:
4097:
4032:
4027:. New Brighton, Pennsylvania: Daily News, Frank S. Reader, editor and Prop'r.
4013:
1887:
1116:
1037:
artillery duel already in progress—so he attacked prematurely. White used the
993:
874:
In correspondence dated May 4, Breckinridge was told by Confederate president
4625:
4387:
4271:
4230:
4211:
4142:
4116:
4063:
3976:
3950:
3931:
3897:
3871:
3800:
3774:
3748:
3729:
3705:
3679:
3653:
3614:
3599:
3573:
3518:
2328:
1203:, on May 15. Their journey ended on May 19 when they reached a Union camp at
1072:
895:
683:
and consisted of four infantry regiments. White was responsible for creating
680:
412:
144:
139:
100:
87:
4194:
Arming the Confederacy: How Virginia's Minerals Forged the Rebel War Machine
1183:
933:
454:
other country. Railroads carried troops, food, supplies, and raw materials.
2329:"West Virginia History OnView - Courthouse, Beckley, Raleigh County, W. Va"
1261:
1091:
480:
342:
173:
2589:
4474:
1391:
1381:
Dr. Richard C. Whisonant uses a count of 2,400 men available for Jenkins.
920:
Dublin. He removed his artillery from the train and made camp at Dublin.
810:
706:
460:
3722:
Lee's Endangered Left: The Civil War in Western Virginia, Spring of 1864
2331:. West Virginia University West Virginia & Regional History Center.
4567:
3840:
3816:
3457:"the Wilderness - Spotsylvania and Orange Counties, VA - May 5–7, 1864"
3415:"the Wilderness - Spotsylvania and Orange Counties, VA - May 5–7, 1864"
2591:
1892:
e-WV, The West Virginia Encyclopedia - West Virginia Humanities Council
1412:
few days later at a camp less than nine miles (14 km) from Dublin.
965:
8, and began construction of fortifications early in the morning on May
784:
338:
4285:
1058:
2080:"West Virginia History - Gray Forces Defeated in Battle of Lewisburg"
969:
9. Home guard such as the Montgomery Home Guards and volunteers from
3832:
1028:
514:
Crook took an infantry division and began moving toward the Virginia
723:. One of the regiments had also fought against George Crook in the
542:
869:
637:
503:. By the end of April his troops were assembled further south in
368:
The battle was a Confederate attempt to prevent an attack on the
3892:. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. pp. 945–947.
3769:. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. pp. 721–723.
3568:. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. pp. 718–720.
3532:
3280:
3221:
2746:
1808:
4262:
4137:. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. pp. 66–68.
4111:. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. pp. 23–28.
3945:. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. pp. 44–49.
3866:. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. pp. 56–58.
3795:. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. pp. 21–22.
3743:. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. pp. 62–64.
3674:. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. pp. 60–61.
3594:. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. pp. 52–53.
3513:. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. pp. 54–55.
2046:"Presidents and Politicians: The 23rd Ohio Volunteer Infantry"
2007:"Presidents and Politicians: The 23rd Ohio Volunteer Infantry"
3914:
The Battle of Charleston and the 1862 Kanawha Valley campaign
3648:. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. pp. 9–14.
4080:
The Wilderness Campaign: Military Campaigns of the Civil War
3724:. Baton Rouge, Louisiana: Louisiana State University Press.
2560:
887:
was left behind with the small command of scattered troops.
749:(a.k.a. Beckley's Battalion), and Bryan's artillery battery.
4225:. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. p. 707.
4058:. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. p. 941.
734:- This regiment was commanded by Colonel William H. Browne.
292:
Crook-Averell Raid on the Virginia & Tennessee Railroad
3971:. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. p. 38.
3700:. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. p. 58.
2593:
New County Map of Virginia (from U.S. Library of Congress)
2220:. National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior.
788:
Union Army plan to attack railroad and Confederate assets
3484:
1390:
At the time of the American Civil War, some of the small
1006:
am, and they were greeted by Confederate artillery fire.
624:
4632:
Battles of the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War
4196:. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.
2608:
1475:
al. (in a map) call it the "Dublin-Pearisburg Turnpike".
719:, had gained experience in 1862 when they fought in the
4490:
List of federal judges appointed by Rutherford B. Hayes
1831:
1829:
507:, and they began moving toward their destination on May
1288:. The railroad had been used by Lee and Major General
2310:"Appomattox Court House - Frequently Asked Questions"
2084:
West Virginia Department of Arts, Culture and History
997:
Troop positions at beginning of battle (not to scale)
357:. The Confederate force was led by Brigadier General
3244:
3242:
1826:
3916:. Charleston, West Virginia: 35th Star Publishing.
2590:O.N. Snow & Co., Thomas Crow & Co. (1861).
1814:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1686:
1462:
Tennessee Railroad to begin their trip to Staunton.
1196:supplies. He then moved back toward West Virginia.
858:
response to reports that Saltville and the Virginia
809:rode on the main force's right and left to prevent
3379:
3294:
2988:
2387:
1095:Confederate troops began to retreat (not to scale)
672:, had fought under Crook's command in 1862 in the
537:
491:Tennessee Railroad, including its bridge over the
383:On the next day, skirmishing erupted at a Virginia
3318:
3239:
3227:
590:Tennessee Railroad the "gut of the Confederacy".
4623:
3330:
3115:
3105:
3103:
2868:
2866:
2236:
2196:
2194:
2192:
2126:
1853:
1762:
1735:
1718:
1683:
1506:. American Battlefield Trust – Civil War Trust.
3254:
3139:
2976:
2952:
2644:
2469:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1612:
1576:
31:Part of Crook-Averell Raid (a.k.a. Dublin Raid)
4253:Shenandoah Valley Campaign March-November 1864
3407:
2816:
2752:
2656:
1865:
1053:
945:On May 7, Jenkins moved his headquarters from
870:Davis and Lee change Breckinridge's priorities
4642:Battles of the American Civil War in Virginia
4301:
3990:
3349:
3347:
3345:
3270:
3100:
3024:
2928:
2863:
2547:
2281:
2253:
2251:
2206:
2189:
2120:
1905:
1871:
1708:
1543:
1539:
1537:
1421:Beginning in the 1840s in the United States,
276:
4077:
3561:
3490:
3478:
3449:
3203:
3151:
3088:
3062:
3060:
3058:
3056:
3043:
3041:
3039:
2918:
2916:
2914:
2912:
2910:
2908:
2883:
2881:
2792:
2662:
2614:
2393:
1945:
1882:
1880:
1835:
1790:
1564:
1171:put two Confederate guns out of commission.
1086:
3814:
3629:(5). Gettysburg, Pennsylvania: EBSCO: 60–73
2853:
2851:
2849:
2847:
2832:
2780:
2768:
2684:
2632:
2583:
2541:
2498:
2496:
2433:
2421:
2399:"Dublin Historic District Pulaski (County)"
2347:
2302:
2292:
2290:
2275:
2143:
2141:
1921:
1784:
1768:
1752:
1750:
1671:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1600:
1588:
1570:
1239:
1120:Confederate retreat east to railroad bridge
866:Tennessee Railroad were the Union targets.
4308:
4294:
4024:History of the Fifth West Virginia Cavalry
3938:
3397:
3385:
3373:
3342:
3300:
3012:
3000:
2964:
2940:
2826:
2804:
2762:
2666:
2248:
2212:
2153:
2114:
1964:
1702:
1554:
1552:
1534:
1522:
615:Battle of Cloyd's Mountain order of battle
283:
269:
4637:Union victories of the American Civil War
4191:
4156:
3998:. New York City: Atlantic Monthly Press.
3667:
3545:(2). West Point, Virginia: EBSCO: 71–84.
3437:
3324:
3306:
3288:
3248:
3233:
3215:
3191:
3179:
3167:
3127:
3082:
3072:
3053:
3036:
2905:
2893:
2878:
2720:
2672:
2508:
2403:Virginia Department of Historic Resources
2375:
2359:
2263:
2242:
2102:
2034:
1877:
1859:
1820:
1796:
1780:
1774:
1741:
1729:
1696:
1624:
1618:
1606:
1594:
1582:
1528:
1496:
4393:1876 United States presidential election
3964:
3391:
2844:
2732:
2708:
2696:
2620:
2596:(Map). New York City: O.N. Snow & Co
2493:
2481:
2457:
2445:
2287:
2165:
2138:
2132:
1933:
1841:
1802:
1747:
1654:
1222:
1182:
1115:
1090:
1057:
1027:
992:
932:
928:
923:
894:
783:
705:
623:
541:
33:on the Virginia & Tennessee Railroad
4506:Rutherford B. Hayes Presidential Center
4315:
4255:- Center of Military History, U.S. Army
4218:
4157:Whisonant, Richard C. (November 1997).
4051:
3788:
3762:
3693:
3613:
3506:
3467:from the original on September 28, 2021
3425:from the original on September 28, 2021
3359:
3353:
3276:
3161:
3145:
3030:
3018:
3006:
2994:
2982:
2970:
2958:
2946:
2934:
2899:
2738:
2726:
2678:
2650:
2502:
2475:
2269:
2028:
1999:
1939:
1911:
1847:
1558:
1549:
1356:Tennessee Railroad and lead mines near
4624:
4450:United States Civil Service Commission
4179:from the original on November 16, 2021
4104:
4020:
3736:
3719:
3623:Civil War Times Illustrated (ProQuest)
3587:
3443:
3401:
3369:
3312:
3284:
3264:
3260:
3209:
3197:
3185:
3173:
3157:
3133:
3094:
3078:
3066:
3047:
2922:
2887:
2872:
2857:
2838:
2822:
2810:
2786:
2774:
2758:
2742:
2714:
2702:
2690:
2638:
2626:
2565:Chesapeake and Ohio Historical Society
2487:
2463:
2451:
2439:
2427:
2381:
2365:
2353:
2296:
2200:
2171:
2159:
2147:
2108:
1993:
1756:
1712:
1677:
1665:
1642:from the original on December 16, 2022
1111:
816:
796:, led by Blazer's Scouts, east on the
4289:
4130:
3911:
3885:
3859:
3815:Johnston II, Angus J. (August 1957).
3641:
3365:
3336:
3121:
3109:
2798:
2369:
2257:
2183:
2177:
2074:
2040:
1958:
1927:
1915:
890:
499:. Crook began making preparations in
333:. The fight has also been called the
264:
3619:"Fire on the Mountain (cover story)"
2553:
2409:from the original on August 23, 2024
2335:from the original on August 25, 2024
2316:from the original on August 25, 2024
2224:from the original on August 23, 2024
2090:from the original on August 13, 2024
2068:
1982:from the original on August 22, 2024
1023:
774:
701:
419:, from multiple fronts. The Union's
4445:Inauguration of Rutherford B. Hayes
4398:1876 Republican National Convention
1149:
827:vice president of the United States
690:3rd Brigade - Commanded by Colonel
679:2nd Brigade - Commanded by Colonel
660:included another future president,
13:
4039:from the original on July 14, 2024
3847:from the original on July 12, 2024
3817:"Virginia Railroads in April 1861"
2571:from the original on June 17, 2024
2529:from the original on July 18, 2024
2056:from the original on June 30, 2024
2017:from the original on June 30, 2024
1136:
988:
636:. The division consisted of three
608:
479:. Grant ordered Brigadier General
341:division led by Brigadier General
14:
4673:
4546:University, Hayes and Orton Halls
4465:Baltimore railroad strike of 1877
4246:
3549:from the original on July 8, 2024
1510:from the original on July 2, 2019
4605:
4604:
4421:
2561:"History of the C&O Railway"
1478:
904:departed on the next day at 4:00
747:45th Battalion Virginia Infantry
694:and consisted of four regiments.
687:, an "elite group of commandos".
155:
138:
43:
16:Battle of the American Civil War
4541:Rutherford B. Hayes High School
4277:V&T RR During the Civil War
3827:(3). Rice University: 307–330.
1465:
1447:
1428:
1415:
1405:
1384:
1375:
1342:
1325:
1316:
1303:
1278:
973:and Dublin were also deployed.
779:
732:45th Virginia Infantry Regiment
538:Virginia and Tennessee Railroad
446:
4340:29th and 32nd Governor of Ohio
4332:President of the United States
619:
1:
4470:Specie Payment Resumption Act
4460:Great Railroad Strike of 1877
4192:Whisonant, Robert C. (2015).
3499:
2516:"The Train and the Telegraph"
1290:Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson
664:. Another regiment in the 1st
395:
329:, on May 9, 1864, during the
4259:Recent photos of battlefield
1490:
1272:
1213:William L. "Mudwall" Jackson
1178:
459:Grant ordered Major General
7:
4480:Presidente Hayes Department
4358:23rd Ohio Infantry Regiment
3821:Journal of Southern History
3720:Duncan, Richard R. (1998).
1309:Some historians, including
1292:to move troops in the 1862
1205:Meadow Bluff, West Virginia
1054:Confederate left and center
1039:14th West Virginia Infantry
937:Cloyd's Farm, now known as
10:
4678:
4378:Battle of Cloyd's Mountain
4268:Battle of New River Bridge
3461:American Battlefield Trust
3419:American Battlefield Trust
1976:American Battlefield Trust
1636:American Battlefield Trust
821:Confederate Major General
794:5th West Virginia Infantry
768:Dublin Presbyterian Church
612:
477:Martinsburg, West Virginia
323:Battle of Cloyd's Mountain
26:Battle of Cloyd's Mountain
4583:
4554:
4498:
4430:
4419:
4350:
4323:
4021:Reader, Frank S. (1891).
2521:Hagley Museum and Library
2312:. National Park Service.
1348:An attack on the Virginia
1087:Confederate right flanked
1077:4th Pennsylvania Reserves
1018:
501:Charleston, West Virginia
475:29, and he departed from
441:Virginia Central Railroad
417:Army of Northern Virginia
298:
217:
196:
167:
131:
55:
42:
30:
25:
4647:Pulaski County, Virginia
4368:Battle of South Mountain
1366:Battle of Droop Mountain
1267:
1254:Battle of the Wilderness
1240:Results for Grant's plan
463:to advance south in the
327:Pulaski County, Virginia
80:Pulaski County, Virginia
50:Pulaski County, Virginia
2523:(Smithsonian Affiliate)
1193:Battle of Cove Mountain
721:Kanawha Valley Campaign
101:37.174583°N 80.709000°W
4536:Hayes County, Nebraska
4342:(1868–1872, 1876–1877)
2215:, pp. 46–47, 49;
1396:Beckley, West Virginia
1188:
1121:
1096:
1063:
1033:
998:
942:
900:
789:
743:60th Virginia Infantry
711:
629:
547:
483:to attack the Virginia
456:
355:Confederate Home Guard
335:Battle of Cloyd's Farm
168:Commanders and leaders
4531:Club Presidente Hayes
4485:Chinese Exclusion Act
4383:Ohio State University
4373:Army of West Virginia
4281:Encyclopedia Virginia
3992:O'Donnell, Patrick K.
3912:Lowry, Terry (2016).
2525:. February 25, 2021.
2050:National Park Service
2011:National Park Service
1337:Battle of Chickamauga
1223:Result and casualties
1217:19th Virginia Cavalry
1209:17th Virginia Cavalry
1186:
1163:were able to hit the
1119:
1094:
1061:
1031:
996:
936:
929:Confederate positions
924:Troops are positioned
898:
787:
709:
627:
613:Further information:
545:
451:
353:, one battalion, and
218:Casualties and losses
106:37.174583; -80.709000
63:May 9, 1864
4526:Laudo Hayes Firm Day
4408:Electoral Commission
2665:, pp. 718–719;
2186:, pp. 13–14, 16
1358:Wytheville, Virginia
1311:Patrick K. O'Donnell
1258:Battle of New Market
1201:Union, West Virginia
1161:1st Kentucky Battery
846:Tennessee Railroad.
835:Blue Ridge Mountains
823:John C. Breckinridge
754:12-pounder Napoleons
349:consisting of three
4596:James A. Garfield →
4574:Rutherford P. Hayes
4520:These Are My Jewels
4317:Rutherford B. Hayes
3281:Boyd Jr et al. 2019
3222:Boyd Jr et al. 2019
2747:Boyd Jr et al. 2019
1874:, pp. 122, 125
1809:Boyd Jr et al. 2019
1771:, pp. 310, 312
1112:Confederate retreat
1106:12-pounder Napoleon
881:Jackson River Depot
817:Breckinridge reacts
725:Battle of Lewisburg
674:Battle of Lewisburg
654:Rutherford B. Hayes
582:called the Virginia
421:Army of the Potomac
400:During March 1864,
233:72 captured/missing
97: /
4589:← Ulysses S. Grant
4455:Star Route scandal
4403:Compromise of 1877
3481:, pp. 265–266
3263:, pp. 69–71;
2825:, pp. 56–57;
2617:, pp. 718–719
1621:, pp. 156–157
1504:"Ulysses S. Grant"
1423:electric telegraph
1189:
1165:railway roundhouse
1122:
1097:
1064:
1043:12th Ohio Infantry
1034:
999:
943:
901:
891:Crook moves closer
790:
712:
670:36th Ohio Infantry
658:23rd Ohio Infantry
630:
548:
524:William W. Averell
469:Staunton, Virginia
437:Tennessee Railroad
402:Lieutenant General
378:Tennessee Railroad
331:American Civil War
162:Confederate States
37:American Civil War
4652:Conflicts in 1864
4619:
4618:
4203:978-3-319-14508-2
4166:Virginia Minerals
4089:978-0-80783-589-0
4005:978-0-80216-286-1
3923:978-0-96645-348-5
3491:Sheehan-Dean 1997
3479:Sheehan-Dean 1997
2813:, pp. 48, 50
2663:Breckinridge 1891
2615:Breckinridge 1891
2394:Breckinridge 1891
2162:, pp. 53, 55
1836:Breckinridge 1891
1286:Shenandoah Valley
1024:Confederate right
952:flanking maneuver
885:Albert G. Jenkins
775:Prelude to Battle
758:3-inch rifled gun
702:Confederate force
692:Horatio G. Sickel
603:Newbern, Virginia
465:Shenandoah Valley
359:Albert G. Jenkins
316:
315:
259:
258:
179:Albert G. Jenkins
127:
126:
4669:
4657:1864 in Virginia
4608:
4607:
4425:
4413:Oakwood Cemetery
4363:Kanawha Division
4343:
4335:
4310:
4303:
4296:
4287:
4286:
4241:
4239:
4237:
4215:
4188:
4186:
4184:
4178:
4163:
4153:
4151:
4149:
4127:
4125:
4123:
4101:
4074:
4072:
4070:
4048:
4046:
4044:
4017:
3987:
3985:
3983:
3961:
3959:
3957:
3935:
3908:
3906:
3904:
3882:
3880:
3878:
3856:
3854:
3852:
3811:
3809:
3807:
3785:
3783:
3781:
3759:
3757:
3755:
3733:
3716:
3714:
3712:
3690:
3688:
3686:
3664:
3662:
3660:
3638:
3636:
3634:
3617:(October 1997).
3610:
3608:
3606:
3584:
3582:
3580:
3558:
3556:
3554:
3529:
3527:
3525:
3494:
3488:
3482:
3476:
3474:
3472:
3453:
3447:
3441:
3435:
3434:
3432:
3430:
3411:
3405:
3404:, pp. 63–64
3395:
3389:
3383:
3377:
3363:
3357:
3351:
3340:
3339:, pp. 13–14
3334:
3328:
3322:
3316:
3310:
3304:
3298:
3292:
3274:
3268:
3258:
3252:
3246:
3237:
3231:
3225:
3219:
3213:
3212:, pp. 67–68
3207:
3201:
3195:
3189:
3183:
3177:
3171:
3165:
3155:
3149:
3143:
3137:
3131:
3125:
3119:
3113:
3107:
3098:
3097:, pp. 61–62
3092:
3086:
3076:
3070:
3064:
3051:
3045:
3034:
3028:
3022:
3016:
3010:
3004:
2998:
2997:, pp. 54–55
2992:
2986:
2980:
2974:
2968:
2962:
2956:
2950:
2944:
2938:
2932:
2926:
2920:
2903:
2897:
2891:
2885:
2876:
2870:
2861:
2855:
2842:
2841:, pp. 56–57
2836:
2830:
2820:
2814:
2808:
2802:
2796:
2790:
2789:, pp. 54–56
2784:
2778:
2777:, pp. 55–56
2772:
2766:
2756:
2750:
2736:
2730:
2724:
2718:
2712:
2706:
2700:
2694:
2693:, pp. 52–53
2688:
2682:
2676:
2670:
2660:
2654:
2648:
2642:
2641:, pp. 47–48
2636:
2630:
2624:
2618:
2612:
2606:
2605:
2603:
2601:
2587:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2576:
2557:
2551:
2545:
2539:
2538:
2536:
2534:
2512:
2506:
2500:
2491:
2485:
2479:
2473:
2467:
2461:
2455:
2449:
2443:
2442:, pp. 35–36
2437:
2431:
2430:, pp. 34–35
2425:
2419:
2418:
2416:
2414:
2391:
2385:
2379:
2373:
2363:
2357:
2356:, pp. 45–46
2351:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2325:
2323:
2321:
2306:
2300:
2294:
2285:
2279:
2273:
2267:
2261:
2260:, pp. 56–57
2255:
2246:
2240:
2234:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2210:
2204:
2198:
2187:
2181:
2175:
2169:
2163:
2157:
2151:
2145:
2136:
2130:
2124:
2118:
2112:
2106:
2100:
2099:
2097:
2095:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2038:
2032:
2026:
2024:
2022:
2003:
1997:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1968:
1962:
1956:
1943:
1937:
1931:
1925:
1919:
1909:
1903:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1888:"Averell's Raid"
1884:
1875:
1869:
1863:
1857:
1851:
1845:
1839:
1833:
1824:
1823:, pp. 29–30
1818:
1812:
1806:
1800:
1794:
1788:
1785:Johnston II 1957
1778:
1772:
1769:Johnston II 1957
1766:
1760:
1754:
1745:
1739:
1733:
1727:
1716:
1706:
1700:
1694:
1681:
1680:, pp. 43–44
1675:
1669:
1663:
1652:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1628:
1622:
1616:
1610:
1604:
1598:
1592:
1586:
1580:
1574:
1571:Johnston II 1957
1568:
1562:
1556:
1547:
1541:
1532:
1526:
1520:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1500:
1485:
1482:
1476:
1474:
1469:
1463:
1461:
1457:
1451:
1445:
1442:
1438:
1432:
1426:
1419:
1413:
1409:
1403:
1388:
1382:
1379:
1373:
1355:
1351:
1346:
1340:
1333:James Longstreet
1329:
1323:
1320:
1314:
1307:
1301:
1282:
1251:
1247:
1169:1st Ohio Battery
1157:
1150:New River bridge
1070:
1013:
1005:
984:
979:
968:
964:
960:
918:
914:
907:
865:
861:
856:
852:
845:
841:
798:Kanawha Turnpike
667:
662:William McKinley
656:. The brigade's
634:Kanawha Division
589:
585:
557:
553:
521:
517:
510:
490:
486:
474:
436:
432:
409:Confederate Army
405:Ulysses S. Grant
390:
386:
377:
373:
347:Confederate Army
303:Cloyd's Mountain
293:
285:
278:
271:
262:
261:
212:
205:
187:
160:
159:
143:
142:
112:
111:
109:
108:
107:
102:
98:
95:
94:
93:
90:
70:
68:
57:
56:
47:
23:
22:
4677:
4676:
4672:
4671:
4670:
4668:
4667:
4666:
4662:May 1864 events
4622:
4621:
4620:
4615:
4579:
4562:Lucy Webb Hayes
4550:
4513:President Hayes
4494:
4426:
4417:
4346:
4338:
4327:
4319:
4314:
4249:
4244:
4235:
4233:
4204:
4182:
4180:
4176:
4161:
4147:
4145:
4121:
4119:
4090:
4068:
4066:
4042:
4040:
4006:
3981:
3979:
3955:
3953:
3924:
3902:
3900:
3876:
3874:
3850:
3848:
3833:10.2307/2954883
3805:
3803:
3779:
3777:
3753:
3751:
3710:
3708:
3684:
3682:
3658:
3656:
3632:
3630:
3604:
3602:
3578:
3576:
3552:
3550:
3523:
3521:
3502:
3497:
3489:
3485:
3470:
3468:
3455:
3454:
3450:
3442:
3438:
3428:
3426:
3413:
3412:
3408:
3398:McCausland 1891
3396:
3392:
3386:McCausland 1891
3384:
3380:
3374:McCausland 1891
3372:, p. 243;
3364:
3360:
3352:
3343:
3335:
3331:
3323:
3319:
3311:
3307:
3301:McCausland 1891
3299:
3295:
3275:
3271:
3259:
3255:
3247:
3240:
3232:
3228:
3220:
3216:
3208:
3204:
3196:
3192:
3184:
3180:
3172:
3168:
3156:
3152:
3144:
3140:
3132:
3128:
3124:, p. 66-67
3120:
3116:
3108:
3101:
3093:
3089:
3077:
3073:
3065:
3054:
3046:
3037:
3029:
3025:
3017:
3013:
3005:
3001:
2993:
2989:
2981:
2977:
2969:
2965:
2957:
2953:
2945:
2941:
2933:
2929:
2921:
2906:
2898:
2894:
2886:
2879:
2871:
2864:
2856:
2845:
2837:
2833:
2827:McCausland 1891
2821:
2817:
2809:
2805:
2797:
2793:
2785:
2781:
2773:
2769:
2763:McCausland 1891
2757:
2753:
2737:
2733:
2725:
2721:
2713:
2709:
2701:
2697:
2689:
2685:
2677:
2673:
2667:McCausland 1891
2661:
2657:
2649:
2645:
2637:
2633:
2625:
2621:
2613:
2609:
2599:
2597:
2588:
2584:
2574:
2572:
2559:
2558:
2554:
2546:
2542:
2532:
2530:
2514:
2513:
2509:
2501:
2494:
2486:
2482:
2474:
2470:
2462:
2458:
2450:
2446:
2438:
2434:
2426:
2422:
2412:
2410:
2397:
2396:, p. 719;
2392:
2388:
2380:
2376:
2364:
2360:
2352:
2348:
2338:
2336:
2327:
2319:
2317:
2308:
2307:
2303:
2295:
2288:
2280:
2276:
2268:
2264:
2256:
2249:
2241:
2237:
2227:
2225:
2216:
2213:McCausland 1891
2211:
2207:
2199:
2190:
2182:
2178:
2170:
2166:
2158:
2154:
2146:
2139:
2131:
2127:
2119:
2115:
2107:
2103:
2093:
2091:
2078:
2073:
2069:
2059:
2057:
2044:
2039:
2035:
2020:
2018:
2005:
2004:
2000:
1985:
1983:
1970:
1969:
1965:
1957:
1946:
1938:
1934:
1926:
1922:
1914:, p. 941;
1910:
1906:
1896:
1894:
1886:
1885:
1878:
1870:
1866:
1858:
1854:
1846:
1842:
1834:
1827:
1819:
1815:
1807:
1803:
1795:
1791:
1779:
1775:
1767:
1763:
1755:
1748:
1740:
1736:
1728:
1719:
1711:, p. 122;
1707:
1703:
1695:
1684:
1676:
1672:
1664:
1655:
1645:
1643:
1630:
1629:
1625:
1617:
1613:
1605:
1601:
1593:
1589:
1581:
1577:
1569:
1565:
1557:
1550:
1542:
1535:
1527:
1523:
1513:
1511:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1479:
1472:
1470:
1466:
1459:
1455:
1452:
1448:
1440:
1436:
1433:
1429:
1420:
1416:
1410:
1406:
1389:
1385:
1380:
1376:
1362:Wytheville Raid
1360:, known as the
1353:
1349:
1347:
1343:
1330:
1326:
1321:
1317:
1308:
1304:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1270:
1249:
1245:
1242:
1225:
1181:
1155:
1152:
1139:
1137:Crook in Dublin
1114:
1089:
1068:
1056:
1026:
1021:
1011:
1003:
991:
989:Union positions
982:
977:
966:
962:
958:
939:Back Creek Farm
931:
926:
916:
912:
905:
893:
876:Jefferson Davis
872:
863:
859:
854:
850:
843:
839:
819:
782:
777:
745:Regiments, the
717:John McCausland
704:
685:Blazer's Scouts
665:
622:
617:
611:
609:Opposing forces
587:
583:
580:Abraham Lincoln
555:
551:
540:
519:
515:
508:
488:
484:
472:
457:
449:
434:
430:
398:
388:
384:
375:
371:
363:John McCausland
319:
318:
317:
312:
294:
291:
289:
255:
236:
210:
203:
191:John McCausland
189:
183:
154:
137:
105:
103:
99:
96:
91:
88:
86:
84:
83:
82:
66:
64:
48:
34:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4675:
4665:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4617:
4616:
4614:
4613:
4600:
4599:
4592:
4584:
4581:
4580:
4578:
4577:
4571:
4565:
4558:
4556:
4552:
4551:
4549:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4516:
4508:
4502:
4500:
4496:
4495:
4493:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4436:
4434:
4428:
4427:
4420:
4418:
4416:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4354:
4352:
4348:
4347:
4345:
4344:
4336:
4324:
4321:
4320:
4313:
4312:
4305:
4298:
4290:
4284:
4283:
4274:
4265:
4256:
4248:
4247:External links
4245:
4243:
4242:
4216:
4202:
4189:
4154:
4128:
4102:
4088:
4075:
4049:
4018:
4004:
3988:
3962:
3936:
3922:
3909:
3883:
3857:
3812:
3786:
3760:
3734:
3717:
3691:
3665:
3639:
3615:Cozzens, Peter
3611:
3585:
3559:
3530:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3495:
3483:
3448:
3436:
3406:
3400:, p. 45;
3390:
3378:
3368:, p. 13;
3358:
3341:
3329:
3325:Whisonant 1997
3317:
3305:
3293:
3289:Whisonant 1997
3287:, p. 62;
3283:, p. 76;
3269:
3253:
3249:Whisonant 1997
3238:
3234:Whisonant 1997
3226:
3214:
3202:
3190:
3178:
3166:
3160:, p. 64;
3150:
3138:
3126:
3114:
3099:
3087:
3083:Dickenson 1891
3081:, p. 61;
3071:
3052:
3035:
3023:
3011:
2999:
2987:
2975:
2963:
2951:
2939:
2927:
2904:
2892:
2877:
2862:
2843:
2831:
2815:
2803:
2791:
2779:
2767:
2761:, p. 55;
2751:
2745:, p. 52;
2731:
2719:
2707:
2695:
2683:
2671:
2655:
2643:
2631:
2619:
2607:
2582:
2552:
2548:O'Donnell 2024
2540:
2507:
2492:
2480:
2468:
2456:
2444:
2432:
2420:
2386:
2374:
2368:, p. 49;
2358:
2346:
2301:
2286:
2282:O'Donnell 2024
2274:
2262:
2247:
2243:Dickenson 1891
2235:
2205:
2188:
2176:
2164:
2152:
2137:
2125:
2121:O'Donnell 2024
2113:
2101:
2077:, p. 10;
2067:
2043:, p. 10;
2033:
1998:
1972:"George Crook"
1963:
1944:
1932:
1920:
1904:
1876:
1872:O'Donnell 2024
1864:
1860:Whisonant 1997
1852:
1840:
1825:
1821:Whisonant 1997
1813:
1801:
1797:Whisonant 2015
1789:
1783:, p. 80;
1781:Whisonant 2015
1773:
1761:
1746:
1742:Whisonant 1997
1734:
1730:Whisonant 1997
1717:
1709:O'Donnell 2024
1701:
1697:Whisonant 1997
1682:
1670:
1653:
1623:
1619:Whisonant 2015
1611:
1607:Whisonant 2015
1599:
1595:Whisonant 2015
1587:
1583:Whisonant 1997
1575:
1563:
1548:
1544:O'Donnell 2024
1533:
1529:Whisonant 2015
1521:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1486:
1477:
1464:
1446:
1427:
1414:
1404:
1400:Raleigh County
1383:
1374:
1341:
1324:
1315:
1302:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1241:
1238:
1224:
1221:
1180:
1177:
1151:
1148:
1138:
1135:
1113:
1110:
1088:
1085:
1055:
1052:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
990:
987:
971:Christiansburg
930:
927:
925:
922:
892:
889:
871:
868:
831:James Buchanan
818:
815:
781:
778:
776:
773:
772:
771:
761:
750:
735:
703:
700:
699:
698:
695:
688:
677:
621:
618:
610:
607:
601:just north of
539:
536:
450:
448:
445:
397:
394:
314:
313:
311:
310:
305:
299:
296:
295:
288:
287:
280:
273:
265:
257:
256:
254:
253:
250:
247:
244:
240:
237:
235:
234:
231:
228:
224:
220:
219:
215:
214:
207:
199:
198:
194:
193:
176:
170:
169:
165:
164:
152:
134:
133:
129:
128:
125:
124:
118:
114:
113:
78:
76:
72:
71:
61:
53:
52:
40:
39:
28:
27:
21:
20:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4674:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4629:
4627:
4612:
4611:
4602:
4601:
4598:
4597:
4593:
4591:
4590:
4586:
4585:
4582:
4575:
4572:
4569:
4566:
4563:
4560:
4559:
4557:
4553:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4521:
4517:
4515:
4514:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4503:
4501:
4497:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4437:
4435:
4433:
4429:
4424:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4388:Spiegel Grove
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4355:
4353:
4349:
4341:
4337:
4333:
4330:
4326:
4325:
4322:
4318:
4311:
4306:
4304:
4299:
4297:
4292:
4291:
4288:
4282:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4272:Virginia Tech
4269:
4266:
4264:
4260:
4257:
4254:
4251:
4250:
4232:
4228:
4224:
4223:
4217:
4213:
4209:
4205:
4199:
4195:
4190:
4175:
4171:
4167:
4160:
4155:
4144:
4140:
4136:
4135:
4129:
4118:
4114:
4110:
4109:
4103:
4099:
4095:
4091:
4085:
4081:
4076:
4065:
4061:
4057:
4056:
4050:
4038:
4034:
4030:
4026:
4025:
4019:
4015:
4011:
4007:
4001:
3997:
3993:
3989:
3978:
3974:
3970:
3969:
3963:
3952:
3948:
3944:
3943:
3937:
3933:
3929:
3925:
3919:
3915:
3910:
3899:
3895:
3891:
3890:
3884:
3873:
3869:
3865:
3864:
3858:
3846:
3842:
3838:
3834:
3830:
3826:
3822:
3818:
3813:
3802:
3798:
3794:
3793:
3787:
3776:
3772:
3768:
3767:
3761:
3750:
3746:
3742:
3741:
3735:
3731:
3727:
3723:
3718:
3707:
3703:
3699:
3698:
3692:
3681:
3677:
3673:
3672:
3666:
3655:
3651:
3647:
3646:
3640:
3628:
3624:
3620:
3616:
3612:
3601:
3597:
3593:
3592:
3586:
3575:
3571:
3567:
3566:
3560:
3548:
3544:
3540:
3536:
3531:
3520:
3516:
3512:
3511:
3505:
3504:
3493:, p. 266
3492:
3487:
3480:
3466:
3462:
3458:
3452:
3445:
3440:
3424:
3420:
3416:
3410:
3403:
3399:
3394:
3387:
3382:
3375:
3371:
3367:
3362:
3355:
3350:
3348:
3346:
3338:
3333:
3326:
3321:
3314:
3309:
3302:
3297:
3290:
3286:
3282:
3278:
3273:
3266:
3262:
3257:
3250:
3245:
3243:
3235:
3230:
3223:
3218:
3211:
3206:
3199:
3194:
3187:
3182:
3175:
3170:
3163:
3159:
3154:
3147:
3142:
3135:
3130:
3123:
3118:
3111:
3106:
3104:
3096:
3091:
3084:
3080:
3075:
3068:
3063:
3061:
3059:
3057:
3049:
3044:
3042:
3040:
3032:
3027:
3020:
3015:
3008:
3003:
2996:
2991:
2984:
2979:
2972:
2967:
2960:
2955:
2948:
2943:
2936:
2931:
2924:
2919:
2917:
2915:
2913:
2911:
2909:
2901:
2896:
2890:, p. 242
2889:
2884:
2882:
2874:
2869:
2867:
2859:
2854:
2852:
2850:
2848:
2840:
2835:
2828:
2824:
2819:
2812:
2807:
2800:
2795:
2788:
2783:
2776:
2771:
2764:
2760:
2755:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2735:
2728:
2723:
2716:
2711:
2704:
2699:
2692:
2687:
2680:
2675:
2668:
2664:
2659:
2653:, p. 721
2652:
2647:
2640:
2635:
2628:
2623:
2616:
2611:
2595:
2594:
2586:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2556:
2550:, p. 124
2549:
2544:
2528:
2524:
2522:
2517:
2511:
2504:
2499:
2497:
2489:
2484:
2478:, p. 707
2477:
2472:
2465:
2460:
2453:
2448:
2441:
2436:
2429:
2424:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2384:, p. 241
2383:
2378:
2371:
2367:
2362:
2355:
2350:
2334:
2330:
2315:
2311:
2305:
2298:
2293:
2291:
2284:, p. 122
2283:
2278:
2271:
2266:
2259:
2254:
2252:
2244:
2239:
2223:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2202:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2185:
2180:
2173:
2168:
2161:
2156:
2149:
2144:
2142:
2134:
2133:McMullin 1891
2129:
2122:
2117:
2111:, p. 243
2110:
2105:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2030:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2002:
1995:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1967:
1960:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1941:
1936:
1929:
1924:
1918:, p. 946
1917:
1913:
1908:
1893:
1889:
1883:
1881:
1873:
1868:
1861:
1856:
1849:
1844:
1838:, p. 719
1837:
1832:
1830:
1822:
1817:
1810:
1805:
1799:, p. 157
1798:
1793:
1787:, p. 312
1786:
1782:
1777:
1770:
1765:
1758:
1753:
1751:
1743:
1738:
1731:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1714:
1710:
1705:
1698:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1679:
1674:
1667:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1627:
1620:
1615:
1609:, p. 155
1608:
1603:
1597:, p. 162
1596:
1591:
1584:
1579:
1573:, p. 310
1572:
1567:
1560:
1555:
1553:
1546:, p. 123
1545:
1540:
1538:
1530:
1525:
1509:
1505:
1499:
1495:
1481:
1468:
1450:
1431:
1424:
1418:
1408:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1387:
1378:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1345:
1338:
1334:
1328:
1319:
1312:
1306:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1281:
1277:
1265:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1248:5 through May
1237:
1233:
1229:
1220:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1197:
1194:
1185:
1176:
1172:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1147:
1143:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1118:
1109:
1107:
1101:
1093:
1084:
1080:
1078:
1074:
1060:
1051:
1047:
1044:
1040:
1030:
1016:
1007:
995:
986:
974:
972:
955:
953:
948:
940:
935:
921:
909:
897:
888:
886:
882:
877:
867:
847:
836:
832:
828:
824:
814:
812:
808:
802:
799:
795:
786:
769:
765:
762:
759:
755:
751:
748:
744:
740:
736:
733:
730:
729:
728:
726:
722:
718:
708:
696:
693:
689:
686:
682:
681:Carr B. White
678:
675:
671:
668:Brigade, the
663:
659:
655:
651:
650:
649:
647:
643:
639:
635:
626:
616:
606:
604:
600:
596:
591:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
544:
535:
533:
529:
525:
512:
506:
502:
498:
494:
482:
478:
470:
466:
462:
455:
444:
442:
438:
426:
422:
418:
414:
413:Robert E. Lee
410:
406:
403:
393:
381:
379:
366:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
309:
308:Cove Mountain
306:
304:
301:
300:
297:
286:
281:
279:
274:
272:
267:
266:
263:
251:
248:
245:
242:
241:
238:
232:
229:
226:
225:
222:
221:
216:
208:
201:
200:
195:
192:
188:
186:
180:
177:
175:
172:
171:
166:
163:
158:
153:
150:
146:
145:United States
141:
136:
135:
130:
122:
119:
116:
115:
110:
81:
77:
74:
73:
62:
59:
58:
54:
51:
46:
41:
38:
29:
24:
19:
4603:
4594:
4587:
4518:
4512:
4499:Public image
4377:
4234:. Retrieved
4221:
4193:
4181:. Retrieved
4169:
4165:
4146:. Retrieved
4133:
4120:. Retrieved
4107:
4079:
4067:. Retrieved
4054:
4041:. Retrieved
4023:
3995:
3980:. Retrieved
3967:
3954:. Retrieved
3941:
3913:
3901:. Retrieved
3888:
3875:. Retrieved
3862:
3849:. Retrieved
3824:
3820:
3804:. Retrieved
3791:
3778:. Retrieved
3765:
3752:. Retrieved
3739:
3721:
3709:. Retrieved
3696:
3683:. Retrieved
3670:
3657:. Retrieved
3644:
3631:. Retrieved
3626:
3622:
3603:. Retrieved
3590:
3577:. Retrieved
3564:
3551:. Retrieved
3542:
3538:
3522:. Retrieved
3509:
3486:
3471:February 19,
3469:. Retrieved
3460:
3451:
3446:, p. 72
3439:
3429:February 19,
3427:. Retrieved
3418:
3409:
3393:
3388:, p. 49
3381:
3376:, p. 45
3361:
3354:Cozzens 1997
3332:
3327:, p. 39
3320:
3315:, p. 63
3308:
3303:, p. 44
3296:
3291:, p. 34
3277:Cozzens 1997
3272:
3267:, p. 64
3256:
3251:, p. 37
3236:, p. 36
3229:
3224:, p. 77
3217:
3205:
3200:, p. 67
3193:
3188:, p. 66
3181:
3176:, p. 65
3169:
3164:, p. 58
3162:Douthat 1891
3153:
3148:, p. 58
3146:Douthat 1891
3141:
3136:, p. 64
3129:
3117:
3112:, p. 11
3090:
3085:, p. 61
3074:
3069:, p. 61
3050:, p. 60
3033:, para.37–38
3031:Cozzens 1997
3026:
3019:Cozzens 1997
3014:
3007:Cozzens 1997
3002:
2995:Beckley 1891
2990:
2985:, p. 54
2983:Beckley 1891
2978:
2971:Cozzens 1997
2966:
2961:, p. 22
2959:Johnson 1891
2954:
2947:Cozzens 1997
2942:
2937:, para.30–31
2935:Cozzens 1997
2930:
2925:, p. 59
2900:Cozzens 1997
2895:
2875:, p. 25
2860:, p. 58
2834:
2829:, p. 45
2818:
2806:
2801:, p. 66
2794:
2782:
2770:
2765:, p. 44
2754:
2749:, p. 72
2739:Cozzens 1997
2734:
2727:Cozzens 1997
2722:
2717:, p. 55
2710:
2705:, p. 53
2698:
2686:
2679:Cozzens 1997
2674:
2669:, p. 44
2658:
2651:Jenkins 1891
2646:
2634:
2629:, p. 47
2622:
2610:
2598:. Retrieved
2592:
2585:
2573:. Retrieved
2564:
2555:
2543:
2531:. Retrieved
2519:
2510:
2503:Cozzens 1997
2490:, p. 42
2483:
2476:Withers 1891
2471:
2466:, p. 41
2459:
2454:, p. 38
2447:
2435:
2423:
2411:. Retrieved
2402:
2389:
2377:
2372:, p. 10
2361:
2349:
2337:. Retrieved
2318:. Retrieved
2304:
2299:, p. 45
2277:
2270:Cozzens 1997
2265:
2245:, p. 60
2238:
2226:. Retrieved
2208:
2203:, p. 52
2179:
2174:, p. 56
2167:
2155:
2150:, p. 48
2135:, p. 38
2128:
2123:, p. 56
2116:
2104:
2092:. Retrieved
2083:
2070:
2058:. Retrieved
2049:
2036:
2029:Cozzens 1997
2019:. Retrieved
2010:
2001:
1996:, p. 44
1984:. Retrieved
1975:
1966:
1961:, p. 10
1940:Cozzens 1997
1935:
1923:
1912:Scammon 1889
1907:
1895:. Retrieved
1891:
1867:
1862:, p. 32
1855:
1848:Cozzens 1997
1843:
1816:
1811:, p. 71
1804:
1792:
1776:
1764:
1759:, p. 79
1744:, p. 29
1737:
1732:, p. 30
1715:, p. 43
1704:
1699:, p. 33
1673:
1668:, p. 44
1644:. Retrieved
1635:
1632:"New Market"
1626:
1614:
1602:
1590:
1585:, p. 31
1578:
1566:
1559:Cozzens 1997
1531:, p. 80
1524:
1512:. Retrieved
1498:
1480:
1467:
1449:
1430:
1417:
1407:
1392:county seats
1386:
1377:
1344:
1327:
1318:
1305:
1280:
1262:David Hunter
1243:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1211:and Colonel
1198:
1190:
1173:
1153:
1144:
1140:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1102:
1098:
1081:
1065:
1048:
1035:
1008:
1000:
975:
956:
944:
910:
902:
873:
848:
820:
803:
791:
780:Crook begins
713:
631:
599:Dublin Depot
595:Glade Spring
592:
550:The Virginia
549:
532:Wythe County
513:
505:Fayetteville
481:George Crook
458:
452:
447:Grant's plan
399:
382:
367:
361:and Colonel
343:George Crook
334:
325:occurred in
322:
320:
302:
184:
174:George Crook
132:Belligerents
92:80°42′32.4″W
89:37°10′28.5″N
18:
4475:Villa Hayes
4334:(1877–1881)
3444:Duncan 1998
3402:French 1891
3370:Reader 1891
3313:Duncan 1998
3285:Duncan 1998
3279:, para.50;
3265:French 1891
3261:Duncan 1998
3210:Duncan 1998
3198:Duncan 1998
3186:Duncan 1998
3174:Duncan 1998
3158:Duncan 1998
3134:Duncan 1998
3095:Duncan 1998
3079:Duncan 1998
3067:Duncan 1998
3048:Duncan 1998
2923:Duncan 1998
2888:Reader 1891
2873:Sickel 1891
2858:Duncan 1998
2839:Duncan 1998
2823:Duncan 1998
2811:Duncan 1998
2787:Duncan 1998
2775:Duncan 1998
2759:Duncan 1998
2743:Duncan 1998
2741:, para.18;
2715:Duncan 1998
2703:Duncan 1998
2691:Duncan 1998
2639:Duncan 1998
2627:Duncan 1998
2488:Duncan 1998
2464:Duncan 1998
2452:Duncan 1998
2440:Duncan 1998
2428:Duncan 1998
2382:Reader 1891
2366:Duncan 1998
2354:Duncan 1998
2297:Duncan 1998
2201:Browne 1891
2172:Duncan 1998
2160:Duncan 1998
2148:Duncan 1998
2109:Reader 1891
1994:Duncan 1998
1930:, p. 9
1757:Duncan 1998
1713:Duncan 1998
1678:Duncan 1998
1666:Duncan 1998
1514:October 25,
947:the Narrows
811:bushwhacker
644:, plus two
620:Union force
568:Chattanooga
461:Franz Sigel
345:defeated a
252:133 missing
249:77 captured
246:262 wounded
230:508 wounded
104: /
4626:Categories
4568:Webb Hayes
4432:Presidency
4098:1058127655
4033:1336164695
4014:1415847067
3500:References
3366:Crook 1891
3337:Crook 1891
3122:Smith 1891
3110:Crook 1891
2799:Smith 1891
2600:August 16,
2575:August 23,
2413:August 23,
2370:Crook 1891
2339:August 23,
2258:Jones 1891
2228:August 23,
2184:Lowry 2016
2094:August 13,
2075:Crook 1891
2041:Crook 1891
1986:August 22,
1959:Crook 1891
1928:Crook 1891
1916:Jones 1889
1897:August 15,
1370:Salem Raid
1159:Glassie's
764:Home Guard
710:BG Jenkins
640:of mostly
396:Background
339:Union Army
227:108 killed
67:1864-05-09
4231:318422190
4212:903929889
4143:318422190
4117:318422190
4064:318422190
3977:318422190
3951:318422190
3932:981250860
3898:318422190
3872:318422190
3801:318422190
3775:318422190
3754:August 2,
3749:318422190
3730:940541407
3706:318422190
3680:318422190
3654:318422190
3600:318422190
3574:318422190
3519:318422190
3356:, para.50
3021:, para.35
3009:, para.34
2973:, para.32
2949:, para.30
2902:, para.29
2729:, para.18
2681:, para.17
2272:, para.19
2031:, para.10
1491:Citations
1444:Staunton.
1298:Peninsula
1273:Footnotes
1252:7 in the
1179:Aftermath
941:, in 2017
646:batteries
564:Knoxville
528:Saltville
497:Lynchburg
493:New River
351:regiments
243:76 killed
4610:Category
4440:Red Room
4236:July 17,
4183:July 11,
4174:Archived
4148:June 27,
4122:June 25,
4069:July 12,
4043:July 14,
4037:Archived
3994:(2024).
3982:June 27,
3956:June 27,
3903:July 12,
3877:June 28,
3851:July 12,
3845:Archived
3806:July 26,
3780:July 19,
3711:July 31,
3685:July 26,
3659:June 23,
3605:June 27,
3579:July 18,
3547:Archived
3524:July 27,
3465:Archived
3423:Archived
2569:Archived
2533:July 18,
2527:Archived
2505:, para.8
2407:Archived
2333:Archived
2320:July 16,
2314:Archived
2222:Archived
2088:Archived
2060:June 30,
2054:Archived
2021:June 30,
2015:Archived
1980:Archived
1942:, para.2
1850:, para.5
1646:July 10,
1640:Archived
1561:, para.4
1508:Archived
1454:Virginia
1368:and the
1073:canister
1041:and the
838:Virginia
807:videttes
756:and one
642:infantry
638:brigades
628:BG Crook
439:and the
429:Virginia
425:Richmond
370:Virginia
197:Strength
75:Location
3841:2954883
3633:July 7,
3553:July 7,
985:route.
829:in the
576:Corinth
572:Memphis
560:Bristol
185:†
123:victory
65: (
35:of the
4564:(wife)
4555:Family
4263:flickr
4229:
4210:
4200:
4141:
4115:
4096:
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