Battle of Aleppo (2012–2016)

7260: 7272: 1288: 5496:. Anti-government protests were held in several districts of Aleppo on 12 August 2011, including the city's Sakhour district. At least two protesters were shot dead by security forces during a demonstration in Sakhour with tens of thousands of attendees. Regular large protests started in Aleppo in May 2012. During this period, government-organized rallies in support of Assad also occurred. However, Aleppo remained relatively undisturbed and largely supportive of the government during the 16-month-long conflict until 22 July 2012, when rebel fighters from the neighboring villages converged and penetrated into the city, to which the government responded with heavy-handed, indiscriminate bombardments. On 16 February 2012, the 6125:

west Aleppo and announced the Army's siege of rebel-held east Aleppo had been broken. However, the new rebel supply line was still under Army artillery fire and being hit by air-strikes, making both sides essentially under siege. Since the rebel offensive started, at least 130 civilians had been killed, most by rebel shelling of government-held districts. 500 fighters on both sides also died, mostly rebels. However, on 4 September, the Syrian Armed forces recaptured the Technical College, Armament college and artillery college, thus imposing the siege on Aleppo once again. Later that week they recaptured the Ramouseh district and reversed almost all rebel gains made since 30 July. The Syrian Government forces then

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torture. Human rights activists, lawyers and journalists have been subjected to kidnappings. In 2015, Amnesty International warned that "non-state armed groups have engaged in abductions and hostage-taking, as well as the arbitrary detention, torture, and other mistreatment of prisoners in Aleppo". According to a 2016 Amnesty International report, some of the rebel groups in the city engaged in summary executions, in some cases in public, on the basis of "quasi-judicial institutions". The victims were captured soldiers, government officials, rival group members, as well as civilians. Russian General Staff Lieutenant General

1659: 1331: 1185: 406: 6015: 1577: 6335: 6668:, as well as a SARC warehouse and health clinic in Urum al-Kubra, a rebel-held town 12 km west of Aleppo. 20 civilians and one SARC staff member were killed, while food and medical aid, intended to reach Aleppo, was destroyed. Some witnesses on the ground at the time of the attack said they had heard helicopters during the attack. The United States accused Russian or Syrian government warplanes of perpetrating the attack, while Russia rejected the accusation. The UN said it was not in a position to determine how the attacked unfolded. The UN Operational Satellite Applications Programme ( 5698: 5760: 1538: 1343: 1031: 7360: 1633: 1216: 944: 503: 1701: 5375:. A stalemate that had been in place for four years finally ended in July 2016, when Syrian government troops closed the rebels' last supply line into Aleppo with the support of Russian airstrikes. In response, rebel forces launched unsuccessful counteroffensives in September and October that failed to break the siege; in November, government forces embarked on a decisive campaign that resulted in the recapture of all of Aleppo by December 2016. The Syrian government victory was widely seen as a turning point in Syria's civil war. 1783: 6672:) said it believed the convoy was attack by airstrikes. United Nations investigators later concluded that the Syrian government was responsible for the attack in a "meticulously planned and ruthlessly carried out" air strike. The investigators stated in a report that the Syrian Air Force used barrel bombs and rockets to attack the convoy and that, after the initial attack, Syrian government jets strafed the survivors. According to the investigators, since these actions were carried out deliberately they constituted a war crime. 1093: 1061: 6023: 5713: 71: 1307: 991: 852: 766: 6969: 1071: 1050: 1614: 464: 6725: 6121:

resistance and asked them to lay down arms and surrender. The rebels rejected, vowing they will fight until the last opposition soul remains. However, within days, the rebels launched a large-scale counterattack south of Aleppo, in an attempt to both open a new supply line into rebel-held parts of the city and cut-off the government-held side. The whole campaign, including both the Army's offensive and subsequent rebel counter-offensive, was seen by both sides as possibly deciding the fate of the entire war.

384: 395: 1607: 894: 373: 5687:, an army base northeast of the city. Later, rebels attacked the air base at Minakh, 30 km (19 mi) northwest of Aleppo, with arms and tanks captured at the Anadan checkpoint. Opposition forces continued to gain territory in the city, controlling most of eastern and southwestern Aleppo, including Salaheddine and parts of Hamdaniyeh. They continued to target security centers and police stations as clashes erupted near the Air Force intelligence headquarters in Aleppo's northwestern district 5613:, the tribe joined the fight against the rebels. Initially, the Christian community tried to avoid taking sides in the conflict. However, many Christians supported the Army and some formed militias aligned with the government following the capture of their quarters by the Syrian Army. Many Christian Armenians also supported the Syrian Army. Some of Aleppo's Armenians claimed Turkey supported the FSA to attack Armenians and Arab Christians. In 2012, one Armenian militia had around 150 fighters. 6988: 431: 1589: 1683: 526: 1526: 1496: 1486: 1450: 1438: 1426: 1319: 420: 5509: 704: 332: 1550: 5587: 477: 20677: 1361: 1109: 6217:, effectively blocking ground reinforcements for the Syrian Army. Before the end of 2012, the Syrian Army in Aleppo was receiving sporadic supplies and ammunition replenishment by air or via backroads. The fall of Base 46, a large complex that reinforced and supplied government troops, was seen by experts as "a tactical turning point that may lead to a strategic shift" in the battle for Aleppo. In a November 2012, intelligence report, American publisher 739: 6140:, aimed at finishing rebel-held Aleppo once and for all, during which they captured the Hanano district, Sakhour district, Jabal Badro district, Bustan al-Basha district, Hellok district, Sheikh Kheder district, Sheikh Fares district Haydariyah district, Ayn al-Tal industrial district and reportedly the research housing south of Jabal Badro. They also captured the Ard' Al Hamra district, reportedly cutting rebel-held territory in Aleppo by 40–45%. 7050: 6822: 1414: 1397: 1380: 1146: 6253:, proved to be unreliable in combat. Effectively cutting off access was more difficult in Aleppo because rebels controlled more terrain there than in other cities. Rebels also have a strong presence in the countryside and around the border crossings with Turkey. In April 2014 government commanders inside the city were saying that contrary to implementing such a strategy, "the best can do in Aleppo is just secure ... positions". 5725: 1081: 998: 65: 285: 7041:, said on the occasion of the 67th Anniversary of the Syrian Arab Army in August 2012, "the army is engaged in a crucial and heroic battle ... on which the destiny of the nation and its people rests ..." After gaining nearly complete control of eastern Aleppo, Assad referred to this success as an "important point in history of Syria". He also called upon remaining rebel factions to surrender in exchange for amnesty. 1670: 1135: 662: 639: 624: 560: 545: 1239: 359: 716: 683: 575: 297: 609: 594: 313: 1790: 5901: 971: 958: 931: 515: 446: 1463: 1162: 345: 780: 7157:, the head of Iran's Supreme National Security Council, met with Assad in Damascus. Jalili said Iran would help Assad to confront "attempts at blatant foreign interference" in Syria's internal affairs, saying, "Iran will not allow the axis of resistance, of which it considers Syria to be an essential part, to be broken in any way". During the Tehran sermon on 16 December 2016, Ayatollah 6859:...the ongoing devastation inflicted on the country's stunning archaeological sites—bullet holes lodged in walls of its ancient Roman cities, the debris of Byzantine churches, early mosques and crusader fortresses—rob Syria of its best chance for a post-conflict economic boom based on tourism, which, until the conflict started 18 months ago, contributed 12% to the national income. 12021: 5597:, which by 2013 joined the Syrian Civil War in support for President al-Assad, was also designated as a terrorist group by various organizations. The government retained some support in Aleppo; in 2012 a rebel commander said, "around 70% of Aleppo city is with the regime". During the course of the battle, Assad lost support from Aleppo's wealthy class. In 2012, 6810:

found the bodies of 21 executed civilians in rebel prisons, citing the head of Aleppo's forensic unit. The Russian defence ministry also claimed the execution of dozens of people by the rebels, some showing signs of torture. The pro-opposition activist group the SOHR confirmed bodies had been found in the streets but could not verify how they were killed.

5632:(YPG) stayed out of Arab areas and insisted the FSA stay out of the Kurdish area. They did not initially fight the Syrian Army unless attacked. The Kurdish areas in Aleppo mainly came under PYD control. At various points in the conflict, the Kurds joined the opposition against pro-government forces. However, the YPG-controlled neighborhood of 5730: 5726: 5727: 5935:(Jdeideh) District, which included tunnel bombs and the shelling of buildings where soldiers were stationed. The rebels claimed to have killed 76 troops in these operations. Sahat Al Hatab square and the buildings around it were left devastated as a result of this operation. Numerous monuments, including churches, a mosque, the 5609:. They divided their forces into groups of 40 soldiers each. These were armed mostly with automatic rifles and anti-tank rockets and artillery, tanks and helicopters were only used for support. In August 2012, the army deployed its elite units. Eventually, after rebel forces executed Zeino al-Berri, tribal leader of the 6271:, the United Nations and Arab League Envoy to Syria, proposed a pause in fighting, but opinions about implementation were divided. The European Union warned that "cases of forced surrender imposed by the Assad regime through starvation sieges were labelled fallaciously as local cease-fires in the past." The 5729: 6380:(SNHR), a pro-opposition non-governmental organization, reported that the Russian bombardments killed at least 1,640 civilians in the Aleppo area: 1,178 civilians died between 30 September 2015 and 1 August 2016, while additional 462 civilians were killed from 19 September 2016 until 30 November 2016. 7222:

through this war will be a 'black chapter' in the history of international relations. It took 4,000 years to build Aleppo, hundreds of generations, yet one generation managed to tear it down in four years. Aleppo, for three thousand years, gave to the world civilization and world civilization was not

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The coverage of the siege of Aleppo in the Western media emphasised the suffering of civilians and often contained graphic pictures of injured and dying children. As there were almost no international journalists there, the reporting was outsourced to local activists linked to the rebels who held the

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stated that their use was "totally unacceptable" and constituted indiscriminate attacks as they were very difficult to aim correctly, frequently killing and maiming civilians in government-held areas. According to Zeid, their inaccuracy means they had no military purpose so he concluded their use was

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By late July, Syrian government forces had managed to sever the last rebel supply line coming from the north, and completely surrounded Aleppo. Both the 4.000 rebels as well as tens of thousands of civilians were trapped in the rebel held part of Aleppo. The Syrian Army asked the rebels to stop their

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In mid-October, ISIL captured four rebel-held villages northeast of Aleppo, while the Army seized the Syria-Turkey Free Trade Zone, the al-Ahdath juvenile prison and cement plant. Meanwhile, the SAA and Hezbollah launched an offensive south of Aleppo, reporting they had captured 408 square kilometres

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By December, rebel fighters were commonly looting for supplies; they switched their loyalties to groups that had more to share. This new approach led to the killing of at least one rebel commander following a dispute; fighters retreating with their loot caused the loss of a frontline position and the

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Aleppo has been reduced to symbolic importance ... The government is no longer able to reinforce its positions in Aleppo. As such, it cannot prevent its fall should the Islamist opposition or the Islamic State launch a major offensive against it ... It would also increase the incentive for

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Syrian and Russian forces have been deliberately attacking health facilities... But what is truly egregious is that wiping out hospitals appears to have become part of their military strategy.. a strategy that has destroyed scores of medical facilities and killed hundreds of doctors and nurses since

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to rebuild the economy and provide jobs. By October 2014, the army had seized Sheikh Najjar, reinforced Aleppo Central Prison and captured Handaraat, almost besieging rebel-held Aleppo. Tensions peaked in early April 2014, when a Syrian Republican Guard officer allegedly killed a Hezbollah commander

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against the government-held western half of the city. During five days of fighting, the rebels seized the Scientific Research Center on Aleppo's western outskirts, which was being used as a military barracks. Two rebel attacks on the Jamiyat al-Zahra area were repelled. Government forces launched an

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In preparation for a new offensive, the rebels heavily shelled government-held parts of Aleppo, leaving 43 civilians dead and 190 wounded on 15 June. On 17 June, rebel forces captured the western neighborhood of Rashideen from Syrian government forces. Throughout 19 and 20 June, a new round of rebel

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In early January, the rebels recaptured the Majbal (sawmills) area of al-Brej and captured the southern entrance of the stone quarries known as al-Misat, forcing government troops to retreat to the north. Rebels also seized the Manasher al-Brej area. They tried to advance and take control of al-Brej

5382:". The battle was marked by widespread violence against civilians, repeated targeting of hospitals and schools (mostly by pro-government air forces and to a lesser extent by the rebels), and indiscriminate aerial strikes and shelling against civilian areas. It was also marked by the inability of the 7304:

said that "the cries for help of the people caught up in the fighting for the beleaguered city of Aleppo are a harrowing reminder to the world". He also urged: "There must be an end to the killing and dying in Aleppo." Protests were also held in London, Sarajevo, Istanbul, Jerusalem, Gaza City, and

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Armenia began sending humanitarian aid to Aleppo in mid-October 2012. The aid was distributed by Red Crescent, the Armenian National Prelacy in Aleppo, the Aleppo Emergency unit, the Embassy of Armenia to Syria, and the Consulate General of Armenia in Aleppo. The Governor of the Aleppo Governorate,

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report from "Aleppo after the Fall" described the public experience in formerly rebel controlled East Aleppo as "a chaotic wasteland full of feuding militias—some of them radical Islamists—who hoarded food and weapons while the people starved" and quoted local sources as "no one is 100 percent with

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in the city for tens of thousands of people were deliberately cut by the Jabhat al-Nusra group for several days in May 2014. Jaysh al-Islam also reportedly prohibited civilians from receiving food and supplies in one neighbourhood they controlled in December 2016. The rebel groups also hoarded food

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After a week of heavy fighting, rebels both inside and outside Aleppo advanced into the Ramouseh neighborhood, linked up and captured it, while also seizing the Al-Ramousah Military Academy. With these advances, the rebels managed to cut the government's supply line into the government-held part of

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In mid-February, the Syrian Arab Army and its allies launched a major offensive in the northern Aleppo countryside, with the aim of cutting the last rebel supply routes into the city, and relieving the rebel siege of the Shi'a-majority towns Zahra'a and Nubl to the northwest of Aleppo. They quickly

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fighters launched the operation. Over a one-week period, government forces advanced in the city and the countryside, pushing back the rebels. However, according to an opposition activist, on 14 June the situation started reversing after rebels halted an armored reinforcement column from Aleppo that

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In January 2017, the Syrian Network for Human Rights (SNHR) and the Violations Documentation Center (VDC) submitted evidence of alleged war crimes committed by militias backed by Russia and Iran to the United Nations Commission of Inquiry on Syria. According to the head of the SNHR, "sometimes the

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assessed the death toll. According to its records, between 19 July 2012 and 15 December 2016 there were 22,633 adult male deaths (73%), 2,849 adult female deaths (9.2%), 3,773 child male deaths (12.2%) and 1,775 child female deaths (5.7%). 23,604 or 76% of all fatalities were civilians, while only

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Islamic extremists and foreign fighters, many of whom were experienced and came from the ongoing insurgency in neighboring Iraq, joined the battle. Jihadists reportedly came from across the Muslim world. Jacques Bérès, a French surgeon who treated wounded fighters, reported a significant number of

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delivered a statement on 17 December 2016, calling for an immediate end to the war in Syria: "With the situation in Aleppo, Syria's war has reached an historic low... Aleppo has become a metaphor for the disastrous situation that Syria is in today, with half the population having been forced from

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The Russian Foreign Ministry issued an official statement condemning the bombing that occurred on 9 September 2012, in which more than 30 people were killed. The ministry stated, "We firmly condemn the terrorist acts which claim the lives of innocent people", on 11 September. The Foreign Ministry

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by the Syrian government on opposition-held areas in Aleppo were reported on 10 August and 6 September 2016. After these attacks, the victims reported they were suffering from a shortage of breath, coughing, reddened skin and eyes, and excessive tearing, and sought medical treatment in hospitals.

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Amnesty International issued a detailed report about Aleppo in 2015. It warned about the Syrian government use of imprecise explosive weapons on densely populated civilian areas, illustrating it with the example that eight barrel bomb attacks between January 2014 to March 2015 killed at least 188

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envoy in November; under the proposal humanitarian aid would be delivered to Aleppo following the cessation of hostilities. President Assad said the ceasefire plan was "worth studying", and according to the UN envoy the Syrian government was "seriously studying" the proposal. The FSA rejected the

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appealed to the Security Council to stop the bombardment of eastern Aleppo, describing residents "scrabbling with their bare hands in the street above to reach under concrete rubble trying to reach their young child screaming unseen in the dust and dirt below their feet". The Russian ambassador,

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criticized the Syrian government, Russia and Iran, in a speech at the briefing, stating "to the Assad regime, Russia, and Iran—three Member States behind the conquest of and carnage in Aleppo—you bear responsibility for these atrocities." Comparing the situation in Aleppo to the mass killings in

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claimed that the Syrian government discovered several prisons in East Aleppo on 15 December 2016 used by the opposition to detain, torture and in some cases murder their opponents, including civilians that refused to fight. At the conclusion of the battle, Syrian state media claimed the Army had

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neighborhood. In mid-June 2016 Russia accused the rebels of causing the death of over 40 civilians in the month. A spokesman for the US-supported SDF also accused the rebels of causing 1,000 civilian deaths and injuries, through shelling of Sheikh Maqsood. There were allegations that the Army of

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was almost surrounded by rebel forces. Later, the Syrian Army regained control of the strategic town Tel Sheigeb, allowing them to approach the airport. In November 2013, the Syrian Army retook the town of al-Safira. This opened a road for the government to support the besieged Kuweires Military

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By 13 December 2016, only 5% of the original territory of the city remained in rebel hands. A ceasefire was announced and the fighting stopped in order to allow the evacuation of civilians and rebels. The buses were prepared for the evacuation. However, the deal fell apart the next day, when the

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came under a siege by both Syrian government forces and the rebels. In September 2015, the rebels accused the YPG of having a deal with the government, while the YPG accused the rebels of shelling the neighborhood. Between November and December 2015, the conflict between the rebels and US-backed

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The United States stated it feared "a new massacre" in Aleppo by the Syrian government; "This is the concern: that we will see a massacre in Aleppo and that's what the regime appears to be lining up for". The United States condemned "in the strongest possible terms" the government SCUD missile

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The deal was revived on 15 December with first convoy of evacuees leaving. The evacuation was however suspended on the next day. Another deal was reached on 18 December and evacuation resumed later in the day. The evacuation again stalled on 20 December, but resumed on the following day. On 22

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Rallies and demonstrations intended to show solidarity with Aleppo's besieged civilians, as well as protests against the Syrian government and its Iranian and Russian allies, were held in several cities across the world, organized by numerous groups. In Paris, the Eiffel Tower went dark on 14

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in areas they controlled, imposing torture or other ill-treatment as punishment. The al-Nusra Front maintained a prison at the "fetid, trash-strewn basement" of the Aleppo Eye Hospital where the group was headquartered. At this prison, some people were held for years and subjected to repeated

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On 9 March, opposition forces launched an assault on Handarat, north of Aleppo, after reportedly noticing confusion in the ranks of Syrian government troops after the February fighting. Opposition sources said the rebels had captured 40–50% of the village, or possibly even 75%, while the Army

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On 25 June, the Syrian Army and allied forces began their long-awaited North-west Aleppo offensive. The ultimate goal of the offensive was to cut off the Castello highway, which would cut off the last supply route for rebels inside the city, thus fully encircling remaining opposition forces.

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Government forces, having lifted the siege of Aleppo in October 2013, continued their offensive in 2014. This culminated in the capture of the Sheikh Najjar industrial district north of Aleppo and the lifting of the siege of Aleppo Central Prison on 22 May 2014, which contained a garrison of

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remained in control of the northern portion of Handarat. In contrast, a Syrian Army source stated they still controlled 80% of Handarat. On 18 March, after almost 10 days of fighting, the Syrian Army had fully expelled the rebels from Handarat, and re-established control of the village.

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and threatened to shoot down commercial aircraft, alleging that the government was using them to transport loyalist troops and military supplies. After multiple attacks on Aleppo International Airport, all flights were suspended on 1 January 2013. The following month, the rebels seized

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urged international action, saying it was not possible "to remain a spectator" to the government offensive on Aleppo. Reuters reported that Turkey had set up a base with allies Saudi Arabia and Qatar to direct military and communications aid to the Free Syrian Army from the city of

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Turkey had sponsored rebel forces in Aleppo to a degree that eastern Aleppo was called "a Turkish card guarded by jihadis." However, Turkish policy changed in August 2016, moving thousands of rebel fighters away from the area west of Aleppo to counter the secular federalist

6957:". It noted, however, that the destruction was mostly concentrated in the rebel-held part of the city: about 70 to 80 percent of the destruction was in the east. UN satellite images determined more than 33,500 damaged residential buildings in the city, most of them multi- 5394:, but this was rejected by the Syrian government. Hundreds of thousands of residents were displaced by the fighting and efforts to provide aid to civilians or facilitate evacuation were routinely disrupted by continued combat and mistrust between the opposing sides. 5893:

captured several villages, but bad weather conditions and an inability to call up reinforcements stalled the government offensive. A few days later, the rebels launched a counter-offensive, retaking two of four positions they had lost to Syrian government forces.

14232: 6386:(ICRC) has described the fighting as one of the most devastating conflicts in modern times. It appealed: "The human cost of the fighting in Aleppo is simply too high. We urge all parties to stop the destruction and indiscriminate attacks, and stop the killing". 7079:

by Aleppo's Christian community for the first time in four years. According to Syrian TV, the Christmas celebration, however, was disrupted with a bomb that exploded at the event. The celebration, however, resumed several minutes after the bomb was detonated.

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issued a statement reporting that the Syrian and Russian military campaign killed more than 440 civilians, including more than 90 children, between September and October 2016. It also deplored that airstrikes often appeared to be "recklessly indiscriminate".

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resulted in threats to several main government supply lines. This cast doubt on government forces' ambitions to control the road from Hama to Aleppo and the Damascus-Aleppo international road, and has been seen as a personal defeat for Syrian Arab Army Col.

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reported that family members of many of the victims testified that they were last seen in a government-controlled area or after they set out to cross into the area through two checkpoints, one manned by opposition forces and the other by government forces.

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renewed their assault on the Air Force Intelligence building, utilizing a tunnel bomb followed by an assault. Much of the Air Force Intelligence building was reportedly damaged as a result of the tunnel bomb. Between 27–29 April, the FSA and

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stated in June 2015, "All our strategic planning now is to keep the way open to Aleppo to allow our forces to defend it". Media outlets have noted that powerful online campaigns are being conducted in a war of information regarding Aleppo.

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A series of victory celebrations were held in Aleppo following the government forces' victory, attended by government supporters, including Aleppo's Christian community which has increasingly sided with the government. Large-scale outdoor

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also said that "there is absolutely no justification whatsoever for the indiscriminate and savage brutality against civilians shown by the regime and by its Russian and Iranian allies over the past few weeks, or indeed over the past five

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The ICRC also said that hundreds of civilians perished through the "indiscriminate shelling of residential areas across Aleppo". Several infectious diseases broke out in Aleppo and other areas in Syria during the civil war, including

6777:, wrote that both the uses of barrel bombs and hell cannons is inaccurate and so randomly destructive that their use is illegal, and thus constitutes either the direct or indiscriminate targeting of civilians and civilian objects. 4296: 14078: 6297:, a possible offensive on Homs by both al-Nusra Front and IS working independently might force the government to move critical forces away from Aleppo to defend key supply routes. There were additional opposition gains during the 2362: 8277: 6613:

denied using "indiscriminate weapons" like barrel bombs in the rebel held territories. Assad said, "I know about the army. They use bullets, missiles and bombs. I haven't heard of the army using barrels, or maybe cooking pots."

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has written that "The city has long been multi-cultural, a complex mix of Kurds, Iranians, Turkmen, Armenians and Circassians overlaid on an Arab base in which multi-denominational churches and mosques still share the space."

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In late July and early August 2012, the FSA continued its offensive in Aleppo, with both sides suffering a high level of casualties. Rebel commanders said their main aim was to capture the city center. On 30 July, the rebels

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in modern warfare and one of the bloodiest battles of the Syrian Civil War, leaving over 31,000 people dead, almost a tenth of the estimated overall war casualties at that time. Fighting also caused severe destruction to the

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found, using satellite images, that 22 out of the 210 examined key structures had been completely destroyed. 48 others had sustained severe damage, 33 moderate damage and 32 possible damage. The destroyed sites included the

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A UN envoy warned that rebels may have been committing war crimes due to their indiscriminate rocket warfare targeting civilians in Aleppo, while trying to lift the siege in October and November 2016. The Aleppo rebels used

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said, "With the build-up of heavy weapons around Aleppo, Assad is preparing to carry out a fresh slaughter of his own people". Italy and the UN peacekeeping chief also accused the Syrian government of preparing to massacre

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During the December 2016 evacuation, Jabhat Fateh al-Sham rebels burnt buses meant to evacuate sick and elderly civilians from two rebel-besieged Shiite villages in Idlib province, concurrently with the Aleppo evacuations.

3410: 6591:-controlled areas around Aleppo became a primary target for the Russian and Syrian government forces. This eliminated a vital lifeline for the civilians living in those embattled areas, leaving them no choice but to flee. 3970: 10805: 5728: 20771: 11960: 5889:

Hill, with which they could seize the military supply road running between Aleppo Central Prison and the Handarat and al-Mallah areas. At the end of January, the rebels took control over some positions in al-Brej Hill.

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celebrations were held publicly for the first time in years, with a Christmas tree lighting ceremony in the Al-Aziziyah neighborhood. Participants waved Syrian and Russian flags and held portraits of Syrian President

5641:(SDF) in the rest of Aleppo province escalated. Truce attempts largely failed to stop the fighting. The situation escalated in February 2016, when the SDF followed up on advances by the Syrian Armed Forces, backed by 2740: 14105: 3205: 2085: 7099:

In October and December 2016, the UN held a "Security Council Emergency Briefing on Syria" to discuss the situation in Aleppo. However, no agreement was reached. The United States Ambassador to the United Nations,

20761: 4846: 14233:"Numbers of civilian deaths per airstrike in 2023 Gaza far higher than previous Israeli bombings, but half that of Russian/Syrian attacks in Mosul and Aleppo. Under-reporting of the dead or less lethal tactics?" 10015: 4191: 15865: 20726: 16268: 8046: 16112: 9305: 6904:, expressed her "grave concern about possible damage to precious sites" and requested the combatants to "ensure the protection of the outstanding cultural legacy that Syria hosts on its soil". She cited the 4289: 9339: 7271: 11613: 5571:

foreign fighters, most of whom had Islamist goals and were not directly interested in Bashar al-Assad. They included Libyans, Chechens, and Frenchmen. Bérès contrasted the situation in Aleppo with that in

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December, the evacuation was completed while the Syrian Army declared it had taken complete control of the city. Red Cross later confirmed that the evacuation of all civilians and rebels was complete.

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The violations and abuses suffered by people across the country, including the siege and bombardment of eastern Aleppo, are not simply tragedies; they also constitute crimes of historic proportions.

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The YPG was neutral at the start of the battle in 2012, semi-allied with the rebels 2012–2014, neutral 2015–2016, and semi-allied with the Syrian Army during the final offensive in late 2016 (see

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the regime, but mostly these people are unified by their resistance to the opposition" and people having experienced "a rebellion that is corrupt, brutal and compromised by foreign sponsors".

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Russians exceed the regime in some kinds of violations" and he noted the similarities between the kinds of war crimes and violations committed by Russian forces and those of the Assad regime.

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issued a resolution with a vote of 137 in favour, 12 against, and 17 abstentions, and called on Syria "to immediately put an end to all human rights violations and attacks against civilians."

12609: 7726: 3198: 2908: 2078: 5579:, where foreign forces were not common. Some FSA brigades cooperated with Mujahideen fighters. By 2016, the rebel factions still included internationally recognized terrorist groups such as 20781: 12462:"Five years of conflict: the state of cultural heritage in the Ancient City of Aleppo; A comprehensive multi-temporal satellite imagery-based damage analysis for the Ancient City of Aleppo" 12125: 6322: 6171:

had agreed to hand over the eastern districts of the city of Aleppo to the Syrian government. According to Syrian state television, this decision was made to reinforce positions around the

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estimated that nearly 100,000 children were living under siege in Aleppo. The 2016 offensive cut off the city from food supplies, and last time eastern Aleppo was reached with significant

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said that Russia and Iran were responsible "for crimes committed against the Syrian population" by the Assad government and that these should not go unpunished. The US secretary of State

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The attempted encirclement involved the SAA's attacks on Bustan Al-Pasha, Khalidiyyeh, the farms of Mazra'a Halabi, Al-Amariyya and Bustan Al-Qaseer. The rebels' strategic victory at the

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in the Idlib and Aleppo countryside. On the 17th of February, they had regained control of the last rebel-held suburbs in Aleppo city, gaining full control for the first time since 2012.

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reported that the rebels had regrouped to fight the Syrian army. Fifteen rebels were killed and the army recaptured the base. The following month, the army partially besieged the city in

4184: 3956: 19359: 16914: 9679: 8268: 19567: 18042: 11231: 10180: 8093: 6580:, barrel bomb attacks peaked between April and July 2014, with an average of 107 attacks per month, and decreased to an average of around 17 per month from September 2014 to March 2015. 5691:. Rebels over-ran several police stations and posts in the central and southern districts of Bab al-Nerab, Al-Miersa and Salhain, seizing a significant quantity of arms and ammunition. 2165: 17094: 16442: 12542: 11503: 10034: 8014: 12519: 6618:

civilians—while only one rebel was recorded among the fatalities. It concluded that the government forces in Aleppo deliberately targeted civilians and civilian objects, implemented "

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also called on foreign powers to pressure the armed opposition to stop launching "terrorist attacks". The Russian Consulate General in Aleppo suspended operations on 16 January 2013.

5448:. An estimated 33,500 buildings have been either damaged or destroyed. It is considered one of the worst urban battles fought in the 21st century, due to its length and destruction. 19351: 13621: 4695: 3191: 2071: 13929: 19670: 13421: 7199:

strikes on Aleppo in late February 2013, saying they were "the latest of the Syrian regime's ruthlessness and its lack of compassion for the Syrian people it claims to represent".

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in the battle. The Syrian Observatory of Human Rights stated that the Syrian army dropped 7,000 barrel bombs in the first five months of 2015, claiming the lives of 3,000 people.

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to target rescue workers responding to previous strikes, summary executions of civilians and captured soldiers by both sides, indiscriminate shelling and use of highly inaccurate

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On 20 December 2016, the United Nations Security Council approved "adequate, neutral UN monitoring and direct observation on evacuations from the eastern districts" in Aleppo.

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in Aleppo. They accused government forces of being the ones who executed the men since the bodies came down the river from the direction of government-held areas of the city.

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and digital forensic research to reveal both the Syrian government's atrocities and those of its supporters in the final months of the siege of Aleppo. In March 2017, the UN

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By the end of 2015, only 80 doctors were left in eastern, rebel-held part of Aleppo, or only one for 7,000 residents, while only one bakery was left to serve 120,000 people.

20624: 19408: 14109: 12861: 6961:. The costs of reconstruction were estimated at between $ 35–40 billion. Al-Hakam Shaar and Robert Templer proposed that the deliberate destruction of Aleppo was a form of " 6683:

killed at least 82 civilians, including 11 women and 13 children, in the Bustan al-Qasr, al-Ferdous, al-Kallaseh, and al-Saleheen neighbourhoods on 12 and 13 December 2016.

4665: 20751: 20746: 20741: 20736: 20731: 18795: 13062:"Factions incur regime, the Russians, the Iranians and the Lebanese Hezbollah the biggest spiritual and military loss since 2013 • The Syrian Observatory For Human Rights" 7944: 4000: 3750: 16385: 16181: 8158: 19071: 18246: 18062: 17699: 13275: 6198: 6090:

By 2016, it was estimated that the population of rebel-held Eastern Aleppo had been reduced to 300,000, while 1.5 million were living in government-held Western Aleppo.

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Mohammad Wahid Aqqad, said, "the Syrian people highly appreciate this humanitarian gesture of the Armenian people, underlining the strong Syrian-Armenian cooperation".

7026: 11069: 9313: 8043: 7169:, said that he cannot applaud at what happened in Aleppo, concluding it is "nothing but a two nights' joy and Tehran will be worrying for the next 30 years about it." 6712: 20816: 18996: 18980: 18853: 18619: 18400: 18216: 17914: 17720: 17591: 16116: 11576: 6774: 4222: 2987: 1969: 1954: 1939: 1924: 1894: 1879: 1864: 16420: 14212: 13696: 11717: 11643: 9740: 20629: 19076: 18349: 18242: 18058: 17918: 11604: 10923: 6136:

in late October, which failed, with government forces retaking areas in the south-west that they had lost to the rebel's late July offensive. The Syrian Army then

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were also used both by the Russian aviation and the Syrian government. Russia was directly accused of war crimes several times for its part in the battle at the

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report, government forces have been responsible for the majority of violations in the conflict in Syria. Ravina Shamdasani, a spokesperson for the Office of the

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reported that around 700 to 1000 shops were destroyed by the fire, which had been caused by firing and shelling. The following month, there were reports of the

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Syrian government cuts the northern rebel supply route from Turkey in February 2016, and the last road into the rebel-held part of Aleppo city in July 2016.

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in the rebel-held areas of the city. By the end of November 2016, no functional hospitals were left, and over 20,000 people were displaced by the fighting.

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to help repel a Turkish assault. As a result, he said the pro-Syrian government forces had regained control of the districts previously controlled by them.

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plan; its military commander Zaher al-Saket said they had "learned not to trust the Assad regime because they are cunning and only want to buy time".

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December 2016, as a symbol of solidarity, and thousands protested in Paris' Stravinsky Square against Russia's role in the destruction of the city.

7185:. Reuters also quoted a Doha-based source, which stated that Turkey, Qatar and Saudi Arabia were providing rebel fighters with weapons and training. 18919: 18181: 18070: 17357: 17280: 12129: 8937: 8425: 5610: 5531:

At the beginning of the Battle of Aleppo, rebels reportedly had between 6,000 and 7,000 fighters in 18 battalions. The largest rebel group was the

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On 12 December 2016, Syrian government forces had gained control of 98% of the formerly rebel-held east, and rebels were reportedly "near defeat".

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praised the "Aleppo triumph" as a "defeat of the infidels". In contrast, Iranian reformist and former director of Western Asian affairs in the

6842:, "at least 23 civilians were killed by YPG shelling and sniper attacks" in opposition-held areas in the city between February and April 2016. 6665: 6287: 5977:(158 square miles) of territory in one month. By late December, reporting that they were in control of 3/4 of the southern Aleppo countryside. 5003: 4384: 3632: 3032: 2982: 2189: 17160: 16038: 11235: 10344: 9286: 8907: 20467: 19595: 19417: 18598: 18568: 18511: 17958: 17515: 17290: 17260: 16446: 16012: 12550: 12435: 12151: 11507: 11118: 8022: 7566: 6137: 6126: 6009: 6001: 5697: 5422: 5283: 5273: 5037: 4895: 3670: 3637: 3517: 2626: 2225: 2053: 2030: 2016: 1769: 17056: 13797: 12527: 9270: 8531: 6825:

JFS rebels burnt buses meant to evacuate sick and elderly civilians from two rebel-besieged villages concurrently to the Aleppo evacuations.

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described the strategic position of government forces in Aleppo as "dire", and said the Free Syrian Army had them "essentially surrounded".

5683:, a town north of Aleppo, gaining a direct route between the city and the Turkish border—an important rebel supply base. They also captured 20452: 20427: 19634: 19622: 19617: 19600: 18909: 18665: 18354: 18032: 17893: 17741: 17607: 17439: 17409: 17326: 15188: 15092: 14752: 14341: 14315: 10075: 6941:

had been destroyed, was confirmed. According to official estimates, 1500 out of the 1600 shops in the souqs had been damaged or destroyed.

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during an argument over the opposition advance in al-Rashadin, and other pro-government militia groups sent as reinforcements, such as the

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In February 2014, it was reported that the army planned to encircle Aleppo and impose blockades and truces. It would also try to recapture

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reported that 48 elite businessmen who were the primary financiers for the government switched sides. For the first time, the government's

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IRGC 'Basij' commander General Jabbar Drisawi was killed on the Handarat front north of Aleppo city five months later on October 16, 2014.

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Satellite photographs taken before (2010) and after (late 2014) the destruction of the Old City of Aleppo near the Citadel, including the

20525: 20442: 19806: 19778: 19612: 19587: 19208: 18364: 18080: 17414: 17404: 17388: 15446: 12264: 9108: 7437: 6789:) group may have used chemical weapons in Sheikh Maqsood on 7 and 8 April 2016, based on reports of eight treated patients. In May 2016, 4912: 4873: 4856: 4511: 3275: 2783: 16560: 13036:"Factions meet the fighters of the besieged eastern neighborhoods of Aleppo and shelling and violent raids on the outskirts of the city" 9791: 7852: 19892: 19796: 19169: 18730: 18491: 18416: 17202: 16142: 14953: 14906: 12303: 11091: 10221: 6560:

wrote about the government dropping barrel bombs in July in the neighbourhood of al-Bab causing the death of 35 and injuring 50 others.

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Danti, Michael D.; Cheikhmous Ali; Tate Paulette; Kathryn Franklin; Allison Cuneo; LeeAnn Barnes Gordon; David Elitzer (12 May 2015).

12095: 10484: 19801: 19179: 18548: 18431: 18149: 17684: 17003: 15143: 13723: 13606: 13439: 12047: 11769: 11172: 11154: 8340: 5993: 5234: 5032: 5020: 5015: 4501: 4444: 3607: 3328: 2855: 2263: 1196: 15529: 15511: 14978: 14052: 11906: 9070: 7799: 7206:, Special Advisor to the UN Special Envoy for Syria, stated in November 2016: "I have not seen a place where there has been so much 20706: 20537: 19687: 18904: 18894: 18660: 18339: 16892: 14859: 14553: 11194: 11140: 10243: 7817: 7615: 7117:, she addressed the Syrian, Russian and Iranian governments, asking them "are you truly incapable of shame?" UN humanitarian chief 6765:

reported in December 2014 that between July and December 2014 the rebels killed 204 civilians using hell cannons. Professor of Law

6347: 6228:, further isolating government forces in Aleppo and leaving only one route into Aleppo. By late January 2013 Deputy Prime Minister 5025: 4954: 4907: 4101: 4095: 4054: 3716: 3153: 3147: 2252: 13011: 12869: 12582: 7747: 1782: 20701: 19786: 19307: 19249: 19195: 19141: 18914: 18274: 18092: 17704: 17434: 16056: 14311: 12504: 10431: 10000: 9828: 9650: 6479:

before the Syrian re-capture was the beginning of July in 2016. The Syrian government, aided by Russian army, used war planes to

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in modern warfare, which left at least 31,273 people dead, almost a tenth of the overall Syrian war casualties at the time. The

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Syrian Government resumed their intense bombing of eastern Aleppo, with both sides blaming the other for the resumed fighting.

4650: 4521: 4229: 4217: 4201: 3647: 3448: 3169: 3078: 2555: 2324: 2037: 16212:"The Governor of Aleppo and al-Baath Arab Socialist Party expressed their gratitude to the Armenians for the humanitarian aid" 6987: 20487: 19369: 19341: 19110: 19011: 18770: 18695: 18635: 18369: 18279: 18226: 17652: 15888: 15233: 10266: 10069: 8189: 7053:

Several days after the Syrian government's victory, Christmas was celebrated in Aleppo in public for the first time in years.

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caused damage to the main gate and the prayer hall. The attack continued in the mosque till it was repelled by the army. The

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carried out their very first attacks in Syria. The Russian bombing campaign included strikes against rebel forces in Aleppo.

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Alawite fighters and officers to abandon locations such as Aleppo and southern Syria and retreat to defend their home towns.

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Even though the Al-Tawhid Brigade mostly disintegrated in 2014, remnants of the group remained active in Aleppo until 2016.)

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documented violations including chemical attacks and civilian executions perpetrated between 21 July and 22 December 2016.

6283: 6062: 5936: 5802:", an attempt to recapture territory in and around the city. Between 7 and 14 June, army troops, government militiamen and 5378:

The large-scale devastation of the battle and its importance led combatants to name it the "mother of battles" or "Syria's

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Five people, including three children, died as a result. A UN report found that the Syrian government used the prohibited

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In early February 2016, Syrian government forces and their allies broke a three-year rebel siege of two Shi'ite towns of

5875: 4781: 4553: 4357: 3922: 3627: 3622: 3493: 3255: 2287: 19712: 17078: 15047: 12354:"ASOR Cultural Heritage Initiatives (CHI): Planning for Safeguarding Heritage Sites in Syria and Iraq, Weekly Report 40" 9982: 9809: 9694: 8858: 8800: 6497:

Between 29 January and 14 March 2013, opposition activists reported about 230 bodies were found on the banks and in the

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Including both civilians and combatants combined, the casualties are between 35,000 to 45,000. According to a report by

6290:

in central Syria led some volunteers defending the Homs-Aleppo highway to consider deserting to defend their hometowns.

20567: 20557: 20422: 20401: 20381: 20366: 19748: 19422: 19322: 18964: 18017: 17849: 17637: 17475: 17316: 14079:"Jabhat al-Nusra and Islamic State's attempts at cutting Damascus-Homs highway would threaten Assad's control of Syria" 12925: 10200:"TORTURE WAS MY PUNISHMENT' ABDUCTIONS, TORTURE AND SUMMARY KILLINGS UNDER ARMED GROUP RULE IN ALEPPO AND IDLEB, SYRIA" 8833: 8682: 7407: 7327:

Syrian government siege of rebel-held parts of Aleppo from Summer into Fall 2016, two rebel counteroffensives repelled.

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during the battle, including the use of chemical weapons by both Syrian government forces and rebel forces, the use of

4670: 4239: 2703: 2501: 2133: 2023: 867: 17170: 15214: 12386: 9176: 8759: 8452: 6366:, there were an average 22.9 civilians deaths per casualty-causing airstrike in Aleppo, the highest in modern times. 6182:

SOHR and a witness later said that Syrian government forces had entered the areas controlled by the Kurdish fighters.

20711: 20582: 20532: 20406: 20371: 19831: 19388: 19282: 18815: 18805: 18603: 18466: 18254: 18221: 17844: 17424: 17285: 17124: 16839: 16167: 16093:"'Is there literally nothing that can shame you?': US ambassador Power attacks Russia, Assad over 'crimes' in Aleppo" 13565: 11451: 10972: 10779: 10627: 9523: 8150: 7318:

Syrian government supply lines cut between October 2012 and October 2013, before being re-established from the south.

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in Aleppo, causing "hundreds of civilian casualties". Human Rights Watch also condemned the Russian army for using

5712: 5539:, largely composed of army defectors. Most of the rebels came from the Aleppo countryside and from towns including 4738: 4640: 4481: 4138: 3458: 3379: 3056: 2257: 1855: 1663: 31: 16561:"Statement on Aleppo by UN High Commissioner for Refugees: Syria's conflict must be ended, now, and without delay" 15298: 14704: 11961:"6 citizens killed in al- Bab, and members on both the Islamic battalions and regime forces die in Aleppo clashes" 10890: 8119: 6780:

There have been reports that rebels have on multiple occasions indiscriminately shelled the predominantly Kurdish

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reported 14 deaths allegedly caused by the bombs in the Kallasa and Qasila neighbourhood of the city in June 2015.

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The situation in Aleppo on 20 August 2016, when both the rebels and Syrian government forces besieged each other

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The situation in Aleppo on 20 August 2016, when both the rebels and Syrian Government forces besieged each other

20391: 19839: 19442: 19120: 18765: 18588: 18533: 18481: 18334: 18259: 18196: 18127: 17941: 17195: 17101: 17085: 17034: 16869: 16412: 15352: 13688: 12781: 11709: 11635: 9773: 8387: 7427: 6770: 6298: 5625: 4786: 4580: 4476: 3879: 3663: 3566: 3374: 3112: 3012: 2967: 2609: 1127: 19016: 13196:"'It is past time for you to act' to end carnage in Aleppo, UN chief tells emergency Security Council session" 10915: 10605: 10528: 9759: 20716: 20552: 20510: 20166: 19974: 19943: 19738: 19051: 18939: 18755: 18705: 18528: 18304: 18264: 18002: 17798: 17736: 17627: 17612: 16957: 16494: 12966: 12899: 8707: 8362: 7970:"Progress of the Brigades and the Islamic victory in Aleppo and killed the commander of the Republican Guard" 6359:(9,438 deaths), warplane bombardment (11,233 deaths), chemical and toxic gas attacks (46 deaths) and others. 6179:. This came days after pro-Syrian government fighters agreed to bolster the Kurdish forces in the northwest. 5239: 4374: 4263: 4144: 3859: 3805: 3781: 3453: 3369: 3159: 3066: 3017: 2540: 2434: 2123: 1624: 1228: 1101: 1096: 1064: 787: 19432: 17530: 17525: 16687: 16092: 15917: 15683: 14823: 11421: 10864: 9365: 7991: 6521:(ICC) to investigate war crimes in the Syrian Civil War, but the resolution was vetoed by Russia and China. 4675: 20649: 20562: 20520: 19923: 19393: 19115: 19056: 18929: 18685: 18680: 18441: 18421: 18314: 18309: 18269: 18154: 17632: 17560: 14727:"Syria's 'Circle of hell': Barrel bombs in Aleppo bring terror and bloodshed forcing civilians underground" 14106:"Syrian opposition success in Idlib province likely to threaten Aleppo, Latakia, and Assad's hold on power" 13772: 13646: 11529: 10654: 9542: 8986: 7337: 6518: 6237: 5969: 5957: 5814:

started an offensive against the rebel-held Base 80, launching "the heaviest barrage in more than a year".

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Deprival of food, water, shelter and medical care – a method of war in Syria, and a crime against humanity

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From mid-to-late 2014, the Syrian government captures the eastern and northeastern approaches to the city.

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7,406 or 24% were military deaths. Causes of death were explosions (910 deaths), shelling (6,384 deaths),

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failure of an attack on a Kurdish neighborhood. The looting cost the rebel fighters much popular support.

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wrote that a government victory would cut the rebels' route between the city and al-Bab. Two days later,

5249: 4991: 4815: 4723: 4506: 4368: 3854: 3811: 3571: 3556: 3523: 3359: 3344: 3127: 2677: 2525: 2518: 2389: 1705: 1598: 1384: 519: 17171:"Aleppo aerial campaign deliberately targeted hospitals and humanitarian convoy amounting to war crimes" 15842: 15000: 13465: 9855: 8479: 8429: 6471:". During that phase of the offensive, about 250,000 civilians were left in the city. In November 2016, 6143: 5942: 20577: 19768: 19100: 18740: 18538: 17980: 17751: 17540: 13903: 11552:"Syria: Fighting In Aleppo Continues Between Assad Forces And Rebels Near Supply Road, Historic Mosque" 10702: 8956: 7774: 7417: 6282:

in late March 2015, which helped expand the influence of the al-Nusra Front, forced the Islamic State (

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said all supply routes to Aleppo had been cut off by opposition forces, comparing the situation to the

5471: 4927: 4743: 4548: 3842: 3577: 3426: 2658: 2319: 250: 79: 13820: 13662: 11478:"Ambushes and air strikes as Syrian regime fight rebels street-by-street to gain possession of Aleppo" 11373: 9235: 20680: 19994: 19867: 19662: 19577: 19398: 19164: 19036: 18780: 18735: 18640: 18471: 18137: 18132: 17963: 17936: 17931: 17793: 17672: 17480: 17188: 16075:"'Are you incapable of shame?': Samantha Power criticises Syria, Iran and Russia over Aleppo – video" 9134: 5560: 5387: 5217: 4491: 4352: 3897: 3837: 3691: 3468: 3142: 3095: 2836: 2831: 2632: 2602: 2596: 2428: 2274: 15512:"Russian military report mass graves of civilians in Syria's Aleppo - Middle East - DW - 26.12.2016" 13517: 10756: 9937:"Civilians in east Aleppo say they're being shot at by rebels to stop them leaving during the truce" 19984: 19859: 19844: 19312: 19031: 19021: 19006: 18830: 18675: 18496: 18201: 17898: 17839: 17449: 16709: 16616: 16538: 16516: 15814: 15608: 15286: 15110: 15069: 15025: 14679: 14579: 14531: 14509: 14484: 14462: 14437: 13217: 13195: 10841: 10679: 9393: 8915: 7391: 7162: 6878: 6757: 6680: 6661: 6436: 6363: 6316: 6076: 6052: 5949: 5775: 5638: 5152: 4883: 4761: 4713: 4420: 4347: 4342: 4257: 4133: 4007: 3932: 3864: 3696: 3551: 3488: 3364: 2972: 2454: 1365: 1074: 363: 156: 132: 15314: 12155: 19938: 19897: 19887: 19682: 19536: 19457: 19262: 19125: 18954: 18944: 18690: 18670: 18456: 18206: 18176: 18159: 18037: 17689: 17116: 12702:"Hezbollah, Syrian Army control 3/4 of southern Aleppo after completing phase 2 of the offensive" 8637: 7386: 7106: 6399: 6147: 5383: 4407: 4160: 4150: 3786: 3721: 3354: 3312: 2977: 2884: 2867: 2666: 2584: 2506: 2247: 1687: 1593: 530: 480: 14438:"Zeid tells Council siege and bombardment of Aleppo "constitute crimes of historic proportions"" 11396:"Syrian rebels seize strategic checkpoint between Aleppo and Turkey, according to rebel officer" 7177: 5939:

complex, the wool souk and al-Hatab Square were heavily damaged or destroyed by the explosions.

5832:, killing more than a thousand people, according to the Free Syrian Army's Abu Firas Al-Halabi. 4687: 20811: 20515: 19452: 19257: 19218: 18869: 18820: 18775: 18745: 18359: 18319: 18294: 18284: 18142: 18117: 18007: 17970: 17946: 17746: 16241: 15838: 15789:"UNESCO Director-General deplores destruction of ancient Aleppo markets, a World Heritage site" 15287:

Aleppo demands ‘bold action,’ including limiting use of Security Council veto – UN rights chief

11930:"Al- Jabha al- Islameyyi and Jaysho al- Muhajereen wal al- Anasar seize Manasher al- Brej area" 10172:"Aleppo horror: dozens of civilians killed in Russian and Syrian strikes and rebel bombardment" 9914: 9172: 7593:"Syrian Baath militia commander goes rags-to-riches – Al-Monitor: the Pulse of the Middle East" 7344: 7158: 7022: 6934: 6874: 6627: 6279: 6176: 5825: 5792: 5313: 5184: 5174: 5008: 4942: 4791: 4558: 4401: 4048: 4013: 3982: 3927: 3885: 3848: 3546: 3307: 3270: 3049: 3037: 2841: 2816: 2682: 2643: 2613: 2476: 2464: 2400: 2235: 1406: 770: 253: 20767:

Military operations of the Syrian civil war involving the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant

14580:"Syria: Amid 'chilling' situation in Aleppo, 16,000 flee intense fighting, UN aid chief warns" 14510:"Syria: UN envoy urges action to avert mass hunger in eastern Aleppo ahead of 'killer' winter" 12272: 18899: 18379: 17570: 17545: 17444: 14414: 13218:"Syrian Government 'palpably failing' to ensure safety of its people – UN human rights chief" 9197: 7336:

City divided between a government-held west and rebel-held east, with two northern districts

7076: 6790: 6601: 6533: 6444: 5617: 5406: 4084: 3297: 3164: 2307: 1651: 1335: 1113: 259:

In December 2016, pro-government forces gained control of all of the formerly rebel-held east

243:

City divided between a government-held west and rebel-held east, with two northern districts

15965: 11095: 6326:). This reduced the forces available to try to lift the siege of Aleppo, ensuring its fall. 6109:

were recaptured by government forces. On 5 February, the government captured the village of

5759: 2930: 20502: 20141: 19902: 19728: 19702: 19228: 18760: 18573: 18324: 18289: 18122: 18107: 17953: 17642: 17565: 17367: 17265: 16731: 16517:"UN invited to monitor and assist fresh evacuation efforts under way in war-ravaged Aleppo" 16363: 15918:"Assad supporters celebrate victory over Aleppo as last rebels are evacuated from the city" 14137:"Syrian civil war: Can Assad's regime survive the onslaught from Isis and Jabhat al-Nusra?" 11687: 11213: 10199: 8053: 7881:"Two Brigades of Kata'eb Hezbollah Arrive in Aleppo Amid the Presence of General Suleimani" 6619: 6545:

The Syrian government was accused of using the barrel bombs many times. Some of them were:

6443:

Aleppo suffered catastrophic damage during the four-year siege and battle. According to an

6334: 6129:

to capture eastern Aleppo on 22 September, taking 15–20% of the rebel-held part of Aleppo.

6014: 5997: 5672: 5379: 4526: 4496: 3874: 3588: 3101: 3043: 2826: 2821: 2620: 2143: 1442: 1401: 1292: 613: 289: 7492:"Syrian Army goes all in on Aleppo as more reinforcements pour into the city – Map update" 7333:

Syrian government and allies' victory reported on 12 December and declared on 13 December.

6653:

by the ambassadors of the United Kingdom, the United States and France, due to its use of

6573:

of Turkey wrote that the bombs launched by the government forces in July killed 15 people.

5042: 8: 20321: 20276: 20241: 19753: 19557: 19336: 19001: 18837: 18191: 18171: 17992: 17975: 17876: 17778: 17555: 16594: 15026:"War crimes committed by all parties in battle for Aleppo – UN-mandated inquiry on Syria" 14485:"With 500,000 children living under siege in Syria, UNICEF calls for humanitarian access" 14463:"UN rights office concerned at continuing hostilities in both western and eastern Aleppo" 12671:"Syrian Army and Hezbollah Capture 408 Square Kilometers of Territory in Southern Aleppo" 8878:"Syria rebel leader says his men are ready to take on Assad's forces in fight for Aleppo" 7242: 7166: 7114: 6977: 6945: 6918: 6793:'s regional director suggested that the attacks on Sheikh Maqsood constitute war crimes. 6650: 6550: 6514: 6214: 6210: 5953: 5497: 5445: 4756: 4733: 4251: 4023: 3601: 3292: 3287: 2962: 2874: 2672: 2652: 2579: 2406: 2211: 1637: 1035: 549: 15131: 14680:"Russia, China block Security Council referral of Syria to International Criminal Court" 14004: 13977: 12801:"Syrian Army captures Mayir and Kafr Naya in new northern Aleppo offensive - Map update" 12564: 11017:"Assad's Aleppo backers abandon him, some shift support, cash to rebels in risky gamble" 10514: 9727: 9212: 8094:"The people who live on Aleppo's fiercest frontline have fled. Only the fighters remain" 7821: 7265:

A pro-Syrian Revolution and anti-Assad and anti-Putin protest in Paris, 14 December 2016

20261: 19707: 19174: 19105: 19066: 17783: 17761: 14557: 14391: 14364: 10868: 10374: 7293: 7118: 6973: 6930: 6642: 6506: 6502: 6484: 6268: 6257: 6233: 5816: 5438: 4389: 3978: 3418: 3174: 2687: 2411: 2329: 1581: 874: 399: 196: 18329: 18186: 17154: 16786: 16640: 15644: 15175: 14928: 14797: 14654:"Syria: the story behind one of the most shocking images of the war | World news" 14213:"Civilian death rate in Israeli airstrikes higher than in past conflicts, study finds" 14186: 13373: 13098: 11281: 10945: 9506: 9040: 7638:"Infographic: 'Fatah Halab' Military Operations Room – Coalition of 31 Rebel factions" 7396: 6566:

alleged the government dropped the bombs in May, leading to the death of 72 civilians.

6209:

Rebel forces expanded into the countryside south of Aleppo to control sections of the

3132: 2890: 20807:

Military operations of the Syrian civil war involving the Popular Mobilization Forces

20619: 20326: 20281: 19882: 19877: 19653: 19562: 19518: 18874: 18075: 17788: 17347: 17120: 16013:"Christmas In Aleppo: Photos, Video Show Christians Celebrate Assad Victory In Syria" 15950: 15315:

Mark A. Summers, "Barrel bombs and hell canons [sic] fuel conflict in Aleppo"

15062: 14396: 12461: 10065: 9941: 9702: 7297: 7247: 7219: 6890: 6588: 6542:

reported that videos have emerged online showing the Syrian army using barrel bombs.

6352: 5649: 5616:

At the beginning of the battle, Aleppo's Kurds formed armed groups, most notably the

5532: 5414: 5332: 4766: 4068: 3561: 2777: 2416: 2240: 1700: 1510: 1454: 1311: 801: 424: 12986:"Analysis: Why The Battle For Aleppo Could Change The Direction Of The War In Syria" 12436:"The Battle of Aleppo (2012–2016): Destruction of the Ghazala House (Beit Ghazaleh)" 9455: 8832:(Report). The Washington Institute for Near East Studies. p. 45. Archived from 5795:; and during the battle, the mosque's museum caught fire and its ceiling collapsed. 20797:

Military operations of the Syrian civil war involving the People's Protection Units

20296: 20286: 20266: 20256: 20161: 20151: 20146: 20084: 20043: 20028: 19733: 19383: 19267: 18593: 18516: 18102: 17926: 17881: 17832: 17815: 17810: 17657: 17622: 17250: 17211: 16238:"Red Cross to pull some staff out of Syria as world powers fear Aleppo 'slaughter'" 16097: 15998:"Between ISIS and Assad, Mideast Christians Celebrate Christmas Under War's Shadow" 15997: 14386: 14376: 12832:"Syrian Army, Hezbollah capture the strategic village of Rityan in northern Aleppo" 10292:"'Crimes of historic proportions' being committed in Aleppo, UN rights chief warns" 9093: 7412: 7110: 7072: 6949:

wrote that the scale of devastation of Aleppo "evoked comparisons with cities like

6695: 6476: 6262: 6101:, cutting off a main insurgent route to nearby Turkey. On 4 February, the towns of 6072: 6032: 6022: 5736: 5703: 5680: 5602: 5536: 5457: 5410: 5372: 5336: 5169: 5157: 5147: 5052: 4645: 4245: 3593: 3505: 3499: 2791: 2637: 2591: 2534: 2459: 2449: 2148: 2113: 1842: 1477: 1220: 1092: 1060: 1003: 912: 899: 878: 857: 836: 822: 805: 744: 724: 720: 688: 667: 494: 468: 388: 152: 112: 87: 70: 56: 15070:"Most Syrians killed in unlawful conventional attacks, UN human rights panel says" 14286:"UN has to Ensure the Safety and Fate of IDPs from Aleppo's Eastern Neighborhoods" 13276:"Aleppo: 3,000 to leave destroyed Syrian city after evacuations stalled for a day" 12640:"Jabha Shamiya commander blames 'complete lack of coordination' for Aleppo losses" 11209: 10320:"The Destruction of Aleppo: The Impact of the Syrian War on a World Heritage City" 9958:"Syria: UN considers role in Russia's 'deeply flawed' humanitarian corridors plan" 7126:, dismissed his speech, saying: "If I wanted to be preached at, I'd go to church". 6968: 6492: 6402:. Food prices also grew astronomically during the war. A kilogram (two pounds) of 5628:(PYD), were formed later in 2013. The PYD had poor relations with both sides. Its 20311: 20216: 20191: 20114: 20104: 20099: 20089: 20038: 20033: 19605: 18700: 18521: 18087: 17854: 17677: 17550: 17454: 17110: 14381: 13258:"Aleppo evacuation resumes after Syrian rebels, pro-government forces reach deal" 9177:"Kurdish Rebels in Northwest Syria: Interview with Harakat Salah al-Din al-Kurdi" 8390: 8050: 7432: 7359: 7301: 7064: 7038: 6958: 6882: 6867:, a major souq (market) in Aleppo, was affected by a fire in September 2012. The 6851: 6750: 6730:

Doctors and medical staff treating injured rebel fighters and civilians in Aleppo

6633: 6610: 5928: 5911: 5489: 5476: 5304: 3799: 2806: 2692: 2484: 2279: 1693: 1542: 1149: 1070: 598: 579: 564: 377: 17112:

The Syrian Jihad: Al-Qaeda, the Islamic State and the Evolution of an Insurgency

16539:"'Aleppo now synonym for hell,' Ban warns in final press conference as UN chief" 16443:"'World must speak out to avert a massacre in Aleppo,' says UK foreign minister" 16338:"Russia Condemns Terrorist Acts in Aleppo, Calls for Immediate Halt of Violence" 15767:"Director-General of UNESCO appeals for protection of Syria's cultural heritage" 14261:"2704 Civilians, including 746 Children, have been killed by the Russian Forces" 13329: 13311: 13293: 12351: 11795: 11195:"Syria Daily, Dec 4: Free Syrian Army & Kurds Sign Truce in Aleppo Province" 10992:"Bashar al-Assad Lost The Support of Aleppo's Wealthy When the Shelling Started" 10222:"Iran brutalizing Aleppo, executing 'most atrocious war crimes' of 21st century" 10055:

Czuperski, Maks; Itani, Faysal; Nimmo, Ben; Higgins, Eliot; Beals, Emma (2017).

9131:"Abu Ahmad al-Maghrebi (Ibrahim Bencheqroun), un vétéran du Jihad mort en Syrie" 8269:"British convert to Islam vows to fight to the death on Syrian rebel front line" 7675: 6505:

was able to identify at least 147 victims, all male and aged between 11 and 64.

20542: 20251: 20221: 20171: 20156: 20136: 20124: 20109: 20094: 20018: 19331: 18112: 17997: 17871: 17773: 17617: 16185: 15609:"Syria: UN human rights chief denounces hardship wrought on Aleppo's residents" 15111:"UN officials condemn attacks against aid convoy and warehouse in rural Aleppo" 13124: 7306: 7282: 7207: 7123: 7101: 7068: 7021:

city. This was significantly different from the news coverage of the sieges of

6864: 6814: 6786: 6781: 6638: 6570: 6525: 6343: 6042: 5924: 5919: 5852: 5783: 5767: 5633: 5580: 5433: 5352: 5047: 4728: 2801: 2574: 2394: 2293: 2108: 1618: 1559: 1554: 1530: 1084: 643: 628: 263: 122: 19979: 16341: 16143:"UN chief calls security council's failure on Aleppo 'our generation's shame'" 10291: 9156: 430: 20695: 20306: 20271: 20226: 20196: 20176: 20131: 20119: 19966: 19743: 18097: 18012: 17647: 16840:"Syrian army clashes with rebels in Aleppo, regains full control of Handarat" 16138: 16113:"Samantha Power denounces Syria and Russia over alleged war crimes in Aleppo" 14312:"Syria: Aleppo "One of the most devastating urban conflicts in modern times"" 10432:"Syria: Aleppo "One of the most devastating urban conflicts in modern times"" 10035:"Assad 'dropped 13,000 illegal barrel bombs on Syria in 2016', watchdog says" 9774:"Rebel shelling kills children at school in west Aleppo: government, monitor" 9706: 9363: 7374: 7188: 7130: 6818:

during the siege, allowing civilians to starve while they remained well-fed.

6654: 6646: 6597: 6391: 6342:

With over four years of fighting, the Battle of Aleppo represents one of the

6302: 6245: 5621: 5606: 5429:

warned that "crimes of historic proportions" were being committed in Aleppo.

3768: 3765: 2796: 2709: 2205: 2118: 1189: 703: 218: 205: 16889:"[Map] Syrian Army attempts to capture new sites in southern Aleppo" 15259:"Syrian rebels' Aleppo offensive could amount to war crimes, UN envoy warns" 11504:"Syrian forces blast rebel-held districts of Aleppo, according to activists" 10240:"Syrian Islamist rebels renew chemical attack on Kurdish district in Aleppo" 10117: 10115: 9741:"Russia's Brutal Bombing of Aleppo May Be Calculated, and It May Be Working" 9263:"In Syria, Hezbollah forces appear ready to attack rebels in city of Aleppo" 9071:"Aleppo Battle: Al Qaeda's Jabhat Al-Nusra Is Friend To Syrian Rebel Groups" 8015:"Senior Palestinian paramilitary commander killed by rebel forces in Aleppo" 20772:

Military operations of the Syrian civil war involving the Syrian government

20236: 20211: 20186: 20181: 19989: 19627: 19572: 15263: 14400: 14217: 13400:"Syrian Kurdish YPG Denies Government Entered Kurdish-Held Aleppo District" 8226: 7277:"Save Aleppo" demonstration near Russian Embassy in Tokyo, 17 December 2016 7154: 6897: 6797: 6773:, a legal expert previous assigned to the Office of the Prosecutor for the 6704:

Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic

6191: 6172: 6102: 5660: 5645:, and they themselves took territory north of Aleppo city from the rebels. 5512: 5508: 5344: 1564: 1518: 1323: 1279: 1139: 753: 335: 20757:

Military operations of the Syrian civil war involving the Free Syrian Army

16847: 15966:"Aleppo's Christians Celebrate Christmas and Hope for the Return of Peace" 14285: 12543:"Shells kill 9 civilians in Aleppo city, clashes continue around the city" 12440:

Syrian Heritage Archive of the Museum for Islamic Art/ Berlin State Museum

9423:"Violations Documentation Center in Syria: Aleppo (19-07-2012–22-12-2016)" 9394:"Eastern Aleppo may be 'totally destroyed' by end of year, warns UN envoy" 8333:"Syrian Kurdish forces reject regime request to leave positions in Aleppo" 6675:

Following the re-capture of parts of Aleppo by the Syrian government, the

20634: 20316: 20246: 20231: 20206: 10142: 10140: 10112: 9856:"Children among the dead as violence touches both sides of Aleppo divide" 9012:"Rebels fighting against al-Assad rule fragmented, disorganized in Syria" 8965:"With sudden advances in Aleppo, Islamic State provokes counteroffensive" 7365: 7232: 7203: 6886: 6869: 6746: 6699: 6529: 6498: 6460: 6229: 6225: 5946: 5829: 5811: 5787: 5520: 5516: 5493: 5481: 5402: 1054: 476: 451: 435: 331: 20762:

Military operations of the Syrian civil war involving the al-Nusra Front

16211: 12520:"Rebel and Islamic battalions take control on al-Rashdin area in Aleppo" 10757:"Battles for key cities of Aleppo, Damascus heat up in Syrian civil war" 10703:"War for Aleppo: battle rages in city that will determine fate of Syria" 9983:"Syrian government forces used chemical weapons in Aleppo: rights group" 6626:

and other ill-treatment among the prisoners—and that this constitutes a

5586: 19999: 16215: 15548:"Syria regime claims finding 21 civilians executed by rebels in Aleppo" 10529:"Syria violence spreads to commercial capital Aleppo | World news" 8601: 7134: 6801: 6468: 6451:, issued a statement in November 2016 which said that "strikes against 5552: 5398: 2370: 1267: 20727:

Military operations of the Syrian civil war involving chemical weapons

15788: 15659:"Syria's Looted Past: How Ancient Artifacts Are Being Traded for Guns" 15093:"Russia accused of war crimes in Syria at UN security council session" 13348:"Kurdish Militia YPG to Hand Over Syrian Army Neighborhoods in Aleppo" 10137: 9588: 9570:"The fall of Aleppo timeline: How Assad captured Syria's biggest city" 9364:

Maria Nelson; Alaa Nassar; Waleed Khaled a-Noufal (21 December 2017).

8149:

Solomon, Erica; Karouny, Mariam; Heavens, Andrew (28 September 2012).

7616:"Quwat Dir' Al-Amn Al-Askari: A Latakia Military Intelligence Militia" 7049: 1145: 20291: 15766: 15530:"Civilians killed by Assad barrel bombs near Damascus, activists say" 15378:"Syria: Armed opposition groups committing war crimes in Aleppo city" 14652:

Chulov, Martin; Khalili, Mustafa; Payne-Frank, Noah (10 March 2013).

14237: 13422:"Syrian YPG militia: government has taken control of Aleppo district" 13039: 11141:"Victory Army and YPG trade accusations over Sheikh Maqsoud crossing" 9133:[Jihad veteran killed in Syria]. 3 April 2014. Archived from 7700: 7059: 6821: 6106: 6098: 5932: 5848: 5835: 5803: 5688: 5594: 5413:

on populated areas by Russian and Syrian forces, the carrying out of

5356: 1080: 349: 15472:"Russian General Staff: Militants driven out of all Aleppo quarters" 15158:"U.N. Investigators Say Syria Bombed Convoy and Did So Deliberately" 14885:"Syrian and Russian forces targeting hospitals as a strategy of war" 14776:"Syria: Assad regime barrel bombs kill at least 35 people in Aleppo" 13065: 12735: 11899:"20 soldiers in regime forces killed during clashes in al-Brej area" 10485:"Brief History of Aleppo: A Great World City Now in the Grip of War" 10102:"Syria war: 'unthinkable atrocities' documented in report on Aleppo" 9158:المرصد السوري: الحزب التركستاني وتنظيم جند الأقصى شاركا في معارك حلب 8453:"Aleppo rebels wait anxiously for Bashar al-Assad's elite to attack" 5983: 5973:

unsuccessful counter-attack against the Scientific Research Center.

5884:

Aleppo residents waiting in a bread line during the Syrian civil war

5675:, a district in the city's southwest, on the night of 19 July 2012. 5371:(YPG). The battle began on 19 July 2012 and was part of the ongoing 4619: 20802:

Military operations of the Syrian civil war involving Ahrar al-Sham

20009: 19957: 17180: 12763:"Battles rage across Aleppo as Assad regime fights to quell rebels" 10462:

Multimedia Newsroom of the International Committee of the Red Cross

10123:"Syria: Russia's shameful failure to acknowledge civilian killings" 9634:"Badly armed rebels face tanks as Syria's mother of battles begins" 8938:"The Moderate Rebels: A Complete and Growing List of Vetted Groups" 8213: 6962: 6563: 6538: 6464: 6452: 6356: 6218: 5914:, in preparation for an assault on government troops in April 2015. 5771: 5740: 5671:

Gunfire between rebels and security forces broke out in and around

5598: 5544: 5391: 5348: 5067: 1811: 64: 17027:"Syrian Observatory for Human Rights: Aleppo battle is at its end" 15299:"Syrian rebel 'hell cannons' kill 300 civilians: monitoring group" 14853:""Death Everywhere": War Crimes and Human Rights Abuses in Aleppo" 14532:"UN health agency denounces attacks on health facilities in Syria" 13240:"Syrian official says operation begins to evacuate eastern Aleppo" 13143:"At least 500 fighters killed in a week in Aleppo battle: monitor" 12782:"Syrian army and allies breaks rebel siege of Shi'ite towns: army" 9388: 9386: 8711: 8366: 7800:""Terrifying" scene as thousands penned in by Syrian army advance" 7377:—Siege of the city of Homs (2012–2014) during the Syrian Civil War 7223:

there to assist the people of Aleppo when they needed us the most.

6609:

The government denied using barrel bombs. In an interview to BBC,

4199: 3213: 16264: 15889:"Syria's Assad Says Aleppo 'Liberation' Is History In The Making" 15857:"Syria army in 'crucial and heroic battle', says Bashar al-Assad" 15302: 14858:. Amnesty International. May 2015. pp. 7, 15. Archived from 14365:"War and Infectious Diseases: Challenges of the Syrian Civil War" 11217: 10727: 8760:"Russian military adviser killed by shelling in Aleppo: agencies" 8404:"One Of The Founders Of The Kurdish Front In Aleppo Was Martyred" 7195:, said, "the world must speak out to avert a massacre in Aleppo". 6938: 6922: 6623: 6557: 6395: 5847:

government soldiers that had resisted rebel forces since 2012. A

5821: 2748: 2187: 1171: 20792:

Military operations of the Syrian civil war involving Quds Force

15980:"Aleppo Christians celebrate holiday in hope peace has returned" 15447:"And the Oscar Goes to… A Simplified Story of Syria's Civil War" 15234:"Syria regime, rebels committed war crimes in Aleppo – UN probe" 14798:"Syria crisis: 'Barrel bomb strikes kill 72' in Aleppo province" 14417:. The International Committee of the Red Cross. 29 November 2016 12265:"Syrian army takes control of strategic village north of Aleppo" 10267:"'Hell Cannons' Have Slaughtered More Than 300 Syrian Civilians" 9810:"Russia says two of its medics killed in Aleppo hospital attack" 7727:"Endgame in Aleppo, the most decisive battle yet in Syria's war" 6761:

primarily to "terrorize the inhabitants of western Aleppo". The

20777:

Military operations of the Syrian civil war involving Hezbollah

17481:

Relations between Syrian government and Kurdish groups in Syria

17245: 17175:

Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights

16917:. channelnewsasia.com. AFP/ec. 5 September 2016. Archived from 16262: 16039:"Aleppo Christians celebrate Christmas as Pope calls for peace" 15792: 15471: 15336:

Amnesty says Syrian rebels maybe guilty of war crimes in Aleppo

15319: 10526: 10458:"Urban Warfare: No one is spared as cities become battlefields" 9757: 9383: 8403: 7656: 6901: 6718:

Wounded civilians arrive at the Aleppo hospital in October 2012

6677:

Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights

6669: 6472: 6456: 6110: 5684: 5556: 5540: 5463: 5442: 5432:

After four years of fighting, the battle represents one of the

5364: 5324: 4854: 2093: 192: 16978:"Battle for Aleppo is over as rebels withdraw, monitor claims" 16636: 16634: 16617:"Security Council approves UN monitors for Aleppo evacuations" 15215:"Activists urge U.N. to cite Russia, Iran war crimes in Syria" 12733: 12327:"Syria Rebels Attack Government Intelligence Center in Aleppo" 12048:"Fierce Fighting Near Aleppo as UN Envoy Pushes Truce in City" 11840:"Aleppo ceasefire 'worth studying,' says Assad - Toronto Star" 11636:"Rebel brigades check loyalist advances in Aleppo: opposition" 11232:"Syria Kurds advance in north Aleppo following regime victory" 10916:"Jihadists join Aleppo fight, eye Islamic state, surgeon says" 10730:"Syria crisis: Assad's new offensive in Aleppo – live updates" 9614:"Syria's long, brutal civil war may be reaching turning point" 9540: 8735:"Fight for Syria's Aleppo exposes limits of Russian air power" 7005:

A destroyed factory in Aleppo, Karm al Jabl area, 4 March 2013

20625:

Fourth Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference

17240: 17077:

Cafarella, Jennifer; Casagrande, Genevieve (7 October 2015).

16565: 15400:"Middle East Concerns grow about abuses, war crimes in Syria" 14619: 14441: 14415:"Aleppo: Around 20,000 flee their homes over past three days" 13689:"Syrian army captures strategic town at approaches to Aleppo" 12892:"Syrian army says cut off all supply routes into east Aleppo" 12610:"Syrian troops repel militants attack on Aleppo neighborhood" 11818:"Syria army breaks rebel siege of Aleppo central prison: NGO" 10806:"Aleppo residents caught in crossfire losing faith in rebels" 10194: 10192: 10190: 10001:"Kurdish Officials: Rebels May Have Used Chemicals in Aleppo" 9728:

BBC witnesses devastation of Syrian air bombardment on Aleppo

8908:"INSIGHT-Syria rebels see future fight with foreign radicals" 8664:"The Local Defence Forces: Regime Auxiliary Forces in Aleppo" 7289: 7182: 6403: 5572: 5563:. However, the next day the rebels withdrew their rejection. 5467: 5340: 5328: 1272: 489: 284: 20782:

Military operations of the Syrian civil war involving Russia

16915:"IS ousted from Turkey border as Syria army besieges Aleppo" 16587: 16410: 16340:. Syrian Arab News Agency. 11 September 2012. Archived from 15631:"Syria Rebel Group Deprived Us of Food Say Aleppo Civilians" 15580:. Beirut. Associated Press. 26 December 2016. Archived from 14266:. Syrian Network for Human Rights. 17 August 2016. p. 4 13607:"Syria rebels seize key checkpoint near Aleppo airport: NGO" 13540:"Syrian Rebels Seize Major Dam in North " VOA Breaking News" 13312:"Syrian army announces victory in Aleppo in boost for Assad" 10680:"General Assembly demands Syria halt violence without delay" 9881:"The Latest: Syrian gov't: rebel shelling of Aleppo kills 8" 9111:. Washington Institute for Near East Policy. 4 February 2013 8480:"Syria's Assad tours Aleppo, orders more troops into battle" 8363:""YPG" Command Killed in Sheikh Maksoud's battles of Aleppo" 7676:"Syrian army announces victory in Aleppo in boost for Assad" 7518:"In Syria, Hezbollah forces mass around Aleppo to aid Assad" 7283:

Protests in solidarity with anti-government forces in Aleppo

6190:

commander later stated that Kurdish fighters had shifted to

5470:'s largest city, with a population of 2.5 million people. A 16631: 16269:"Iran pledges support for Syria as battle rages for Aleppo" 15494:"21 civilians 'executed' by rebels in Aleppo - state media" 14187:"Ceasefire in Syria: Turkish policy sets Syria on new path" 13466:"Syria rebels win support from Britain, battle in Damascus" 11155:"YPG, allies clash with Syrian opposition groups in Aleppo" 9340:"Al-Qaeda affiliate playing larger role in Syria rebellion" 7903: 6094: 5807:

was heading for two Shiite villages northwest of the city.

5764: 5576: 5548: 5360: 1238: 779: 585: 358: 302: 16386:"World cannot 'remain spectators' over Aleppo: Turkish PM" 15574:"The Latest: Turkey wants more air support from coalition" 15423: 15189:"Syria: Aleppo terror and slaughter must be halted – Zeid" 12179:"Aleppo: Jabhat Al-Nusra Forestalled at southern Handarat" 10973:"Syrian rebels fight on for Aleppo despite local wariness" 10780:"Syrian rebels fight on for Aleppo despite local wariness" 10628:"Syrian rebels fight on for Aleppo despite local wariness" 10402:"Aleppo confronts vast destruction left by 4 years of war" 10187: 10054: 9829:"Syrian rebels shell government-held Aleppo neighbourhood" 7567:"Array of pro-Syrian government forces advances in Aleppo" 6813:

Denial of water and sanitation is considered a war crime.

6753:

firing gas cylinders packed with explosives and shrapnel.

4459: 16316:"Iranian reformist diplomat: Iran will reap what it sows" 15020: 15018: 14504: 14502: 14435: 13930:"Jabhat al-Nusra deals Syrian regime major blow in Idlib" 13663:"Assad forces take Aleppo village, reopening supply line" 13402:. U.S. News & World Report. Reuters. 22 February 2018 11740:"Syria army retakes parts of base by Aleppo airport: NGO" 11605:"Syria: Assad forces massing for major assault on Aleppo" 11577:"Umayyad Mosque In Aleppo Seized By Syria Rebels (VIDEO)" 10891:"Syrian rebels sidetracked by scramble for spoils of war" 10395: 10393: 8597:"Inside Syria: Aleppo's Christians arm against Islamists" 7211: 6775:

International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia

6187: 6183: 6168: 20630:

International recognition of the Syrian National Council

16870:"Syrian army fire cuts only road into rebel-held Aleppo" 16057:"A Christmas tree lighting in western Aleppo was bombed" 15946:"Russia says it has found mass graves in eastern Aleppo" 15048:"Syria/Russia: Incendiary Weapons Burn in Aleppo, Idlib" 14651: 12740:

Tvergastein Interdisciplinary Journal of the Environment

10509: 10507: 10505: 10370:"Syrian war takes heavy toll at a crossroad of cultures" 10014:

Hauslohner, Abigail; Ramadan, Ahmed (24 December 2013).

9911:"Syria rejects idea of rebel autonomy in eastern Aleppo" 7383:—Battle for the control of Damascus and its surroundings 6980:(Carlton Hotel, shown in the left centre of the picture) 6536:

reported that barrel bombs killed 3,000 people in 2014.

5661:

2012: Initial rebel attack and capture of Eastern Aleppo

17057:"UNESCO: 30 percent of Aleppo's ancient city destroyed" 16413:"Secret Turkish nerve center leads aid to Syria rebels" 16168:"Kerry: Aleppo onslaught 'nothing short of a massacre'" 14907:"'Barrel-bomb attack' targets mosque in Syria's Aleppo" 13746:"Tensions Grow Between Hezbollah and the Syrian Regime" 11210:"The Army of Rebels joined the Mare' Operations Room!!" 11119:"Turkey Pulse: Kurds eye new corridor to Mediterranean" 10946:"Arab League brands Hezbollah a terrorist organisation" 9854:

Elwazer, Schams; Smith-Spark, Laura (13 October 2016).

9306:"4,000 Hezbollah fighters reach rebel-held Aleppo: FSA" 7945:"Third day of fighting at Syria-Turkey border crossing" 6845: 6528:

adopted Resolution 2139 which ordered the end of using

5828:. During the offensive, Army helicopters attacked with 30:"Battle of Aleppo" redirects here. For other uses, see 16590:"What the siege of Sarajevo can teach us about Aleppo" 15940: 15938: 15181: 15015: 14499: 13081:"Syria rebels try to break government siege in Aleppo" 12565:"Syria military resists major rebel assault in Aleppo" 12410:"Aleppo's famed Old City left 'unrecognisable' by war" 12296:"Blast, fierce clashes rock Syrian regime Aleppo base" 10390: 9171: 8782:"Russian Special Forces Seen as Key to Aleppo Victory" 8661: 8249:"Top al-Qaida operative killed in Syria suicide blast" 8151:"Syria rebels struggle to advance in Aleppo offensive" 7845:"Barrel bombings cause mass evacuation in east Aleppo" 5748: 4869:

Foreign intervention on behalf of Syrian Arab Republic

19693:

National Coordination Committee for Democratic Change

17155:

Aleppo: Key dates in battle for strategic Syrian city

17004:"Syria army 'in final moments' before Aleppo victory" 15349:"Russia shows support to Kurdish-led SDF north Syria" 15144:

UN: Both sides committed war crimes in Syria's Aleppo

15091:

Borger, Julian; Shaheen, Kareem (26 September 2016).

14005:"Syria war: Southern rebels see US as key to success" 13978:"Syria conflict: Rebels capture key Idlib army bases" 13873:"Aleppo Battle Map: SAA Prepares to Envelop the City" 11792:"Syria: Intense Aleppo offensive prompts mass exodus" 11169:"Kurds in northwest Syria declare state of emergency" 10502: 10345:"Syria death toll: UN envoy estimates 400,000 killed" 10148:"Russia/Syria: War Crimes in Month of Bombing Aleppo" 9758:

Schams Elwazer; Laura Smith-Spark (13 October 2016).

9522:

Barnard, Anne; Sengupta, Somini (26 September 2016).

9089:"Chechen commander leads Muhajireen Brigade in Syria" 8204: 8148: 8067:"Syria: Army of the Mujahideen Challenges ISIS Gains" 7590: 6186:

spokesman Nouri Mahmoud however denied this claim. A

5990:

Combat operations in 2016 during the Battle of Aleppo

5866:

Combat operations in 2015 during the Battle of Aleppo

5842:

Combat operations in 2014 during the Battle of Aleppo

5755:

Combat operations in 2013 during the Battle of Aleppo

5667:

Combat operations in 2012 during the Battle of Aleppo

16934:"Syrian troops reverse rebel advance west of Aleppo" 16641:

Aleppo Syria: Global shows of solidarity over Aleppo

16294:"Iran sermon: Muslims defeated 'infidels' in Aleppo" 15712:"Syria rebels battle army in landmark Aleppo mosque" 15155: 14979:"Syria: Fresh chemical attack on Aleppo a war crime" 14847: 14845: 14843: 14841: 14705:"'There are no barrel bombs': Assad's Syria 'facts'" 13562:"Aleppo like Leningrad under siege – Syrian Dep. PM" 13496:"AP Exclusive: Syrian rebels seize base, arms trove" 12070:"Rebel counter-attack, storms halt Aleppo offensive" 11259:"Syrian air base 'seized by Kurds and their allies'" 10527:

Martin Chulov in Beirut; Nour Ali (12 August 2011).

9651:"Fears about the 'mother of all battles' for Aleppo" 8733:

Tsvetkova, Maria; Lowe, Christian (29 August 2016).

8300:"Syrian rebel commander killed in Aleppo: statement" 7742: 7740: 7355: 7129:

At an EU summit in December 2016, German Chancellor

6908:

for protecting the heritage sites. A 2014 report by

5927:

launched an operation in the old city of Aleppo and

5318: 1789: 20752:

Military operations of the Syrian civil war in 2016

20747:

Military operations of the Syrian civil war in 2015

20742:

Military operations of the Syrian civil war in 2014

20737:

Military operations of the Syrian civil war in 2013

20732:

Military operations of the Syrian civil war in 2012

17332:

Human rights violations during the Syrian civil war

17076: 16814:"Government Troops Advance in Syria's Largest City" 15935: 15645:"Aleppo battle: Rebels burn Syria evacuation buses" 15156:Cumming-bruce, Nick; Barnard, Anne (1 March 2017). 14929:"Syria conflict: President Assad on weapons of war" 14602:"Bodies in Syria river likely killed in govt areas" 14554:"Syria war: Aleppo hospital bombed for second time" 13170:"Complete battlefield update from east Aleppo: map" 13012:"What the Rebel Loss of Aleppo Will Mean for Syria" 12575: 11992:"Violent clashes around Aleppo and its countryside" 11710:"Syrian army closes in on Aleppo after dawn attack" 11366:"Syrian army pounds Aleppo, rebels claim successes" 11307:Starr, Barbara; Labott, Elise (28 September 2016). 11070:"Syria rebels to target intel, as Assad hails army" 10837:"Syrian Islamists Reject Western-Backed Opposition" 10728:Matthew Weaver and Brian Whitaker (8 August 2012). 8726: 8631:Sherlock, Ruth; Malouf, Carol (13 September 2012). 7662: 7029:forces, where the civilian losses were downplayed. 6150:

in a demining operation in Aleppo, 18 December 2016

5798:

On 9 June, the Syrian Army announced the start of "

1762:(in the whole province; including 21,452 civilians) 86:, residents of Aleppo wait in line for food, and a 17165:United Nations Institute for Training and Research 16956: 15855: 14375:(11). Public Library of Science (PLoS): e1004438. 14050: 13711: 13304: 13294:"Aleppo evacuation resumes after day-long hold-up" 12329:. abcnews.go.com. Associated Press. Archived from 12119: 12117: 11603: 11257: 10170: 9887:. Associated Press. 7 October 2016. Archived from 9853: 9669: 9632: 9213:"Syria conflict: Troops 'mass for Aleppo assault'" 8827:The Shiite Jihad in Syria and Its Regional Effects 8267: 7235:declared: "Aleppo is now a synonym for hell". The 5836:2014: Syrian government encirclement of the rebels 15737:"Aleppo citadel hit by shelling, says opposition" 15225: 15176:Aleppo battle: UN says civilians shot on the spot 14838: 14749:"At least 14 killed in Aleppo barrel-bomb attack" 13846:"Aleppo Now A De Facto 'Partition City' In Syria" 13099:"Syria rebels 'break government siege' of Aleppo" 12949:"Syrian rebels vow to intensify Aleppo offensive" 12922:"Battle for Aleppo: A Rebel Breakthrough or Bust" 12583:"Syrian rebels advance in government-held Aleppo" 12022:"Syria regime forces launch new Aleppo offensive" 10515:Aleppo: Is besieged Syrian city facing last gasp? 10013: 9929: 9695:"The Battle for Aleppo, Syria's Stalingrad, Ends" 9109:"The Syrian Islamic Front: A New Extremist Force" 8211:Syria air strike hits Islamist brigade leadership 7748:"Syrian rebels advance in government-held Aleppo" 7737: 7509: 7343:Thirty percent of the UNESCO World Heritage Site 6993:The Citadel of Aleppo was damaged during the war. 6657:and incendiary bombs on urban residential areas. 5984:2016: Supply lines cut, surrender, and evacuation 5620:, which worked with the opposition. Units of the 5390:proposed to end the battle by giving East Aleppo 20817:Attacks on hospitals during the Syrian civil war 20693: 16182:"Armenian Humanitarian Aircraft Lands in Aleppo" 15331: 15329: 14356: 13622:"Syrian rebels push offensive for major airport" 12862:"Syrian Army begins North west Aleppo offensive" 12729: 12727: 12205:"Regime forces take control on Hendarat village" 11471: 11469: 9524:"Syria and Russia Appear Ready to Scorch Aleppo" 9068: 8426:"Report: Maher al-Assad Commanding Homs Assault" 8173: 8044:Syrian top rebel commander announces resignation 7668: 7305:Amman, with some protesters burning pictures of 5968:In early July, two rebel coalitions launched an 5583:; they numbered 1,000 fighters in October 2016. 4623:Syrian War spillover and international incidents 18890:Syrian Liberation Front–Tahrir al-Sham conflict 18801:Turkish military operation in Idlib Governorate 17384:International reactions to the Syrian civil war 16787:"Aleppo prison siege 'broken by Syrian troops'" 16688:"Syrian rebels claim control of strategic town" 16388:. Al Jazeera. AFP. 28 July 2012. Archived from 16364:"Moscow suspends consular operations in Aleppo" 15444: 15193:Office of the High Commissioner on Human Rights 14954:"If You Kill the People They'll Be Against You" 14645: 14363:Sharara, Sima; Kanj, Souha (13 November 2014). 14165: 13589:"Battle for Syria's Aleppo airport intensifies" 13330:"Aleppo evacuation is complete, Red Cross says" 12734:Al-Hakam Shaar, Robert Templer (January 2016). 12607: 12487:"Rebel shelling kills dozens in Syria's Aleppo" 12385:. World Bulletin. 29 April 2015. Archived from 12154:. syriadirect.org. 9 March 2015. Archived from 12114: 11666:"Syria troops launch major offensive in Aleppo" 11506:. Al Jazeera. AFP. 30 July 2012. Archived from 11398:. Al Jazeera. AFP. 30 July 2012. Archived from 9541:Luke Harding and Martin Chulov (22 July 2012). 9521: 9425:. Violations Documenting Center. Archived from 8820: 8818: 8419: 8417: 7992:"Syrian MP killed publicly by FSA firing squad" 7296:on 18 December 2016 in solidarity with Aleppo. 6414: 5590:A destroyed government tank on a road in Aleppo 4948:2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria 4902:Foreign intervention in behalf of Syrian rebels 17301:Syrian Desert campaign (December 2017–present) 16680: 15440: 15438: 15392: 13432: 12760: 12235:"Syrian troops fully recapture strategic town" 11858:"Syria 'seriously studying' UN truce proposal" 10865:"Aleppo rebels retract rejection of coalition" 10721: 10653:Harding, Luke; Chulov, Martin (22 July 2012). 9760:"Aleppo violence touches both sides of divide" 9517: 9515: 9366:"Aleppo city, one year after the final battle" 9284: 9210: 8630: 8471: 8227:"FSA mourns senior commander killed in Aleppo" 8182:"Key rebel commander killed in Syria's Aleppo" 7989: 7640:. Archicivilians. 18 June 2015. Archived from 7044: 6645:in Aleppo, in violation of international law. 6167:On 22 February 2018, it was reported that the 5355:) against the Syrian government, supported by 17196: 17092: 16757:"Syrian Army Ends Opposition Siege on Aleppo" 16411:Regan Doherty and Amena Bakr (29 July 2012). 16137: 15326: 15090: 14627:"Syria: A Stream of Bodies in Aleppo's River" 13956:"UN's Aleppo ceasefire plan hangs in balance" 12724: 12062: 11876:"Syrian rebels reject UN's Aleppo truce plan" 11466: 11422:"Rebels claim victory in Syria's al-Bab town" 11335:"Fierce fighting in Syria's Aleppo:activists" 10700: 10652: 9792:"Aleppo's children slaughtered on both sides" 8875: 8732: 8591: 8589: 8450: 8120:"Top Syrian rebel commander dies from wounds" 7909: 7874: 7872: 7870: 6796:Rebel groups such as the al-Nusra Front, the 5083: 4840: 4605: 4445: 4290: 4185: 3964: 3751: 3404: 3199: 2916: 2734: 2356: 2173: 2079: 1827: 603:(Russian Aerospace Forces Commander-in-Chief) 183:(4 years, 5 months and 3 days) 18043:Battle of Tell Hamis and Tell Brak (Dec–Jan) 17440:2023 attacks on U.S. bases in Iraq and Syria 17327:Humanitarian aid during the Syrian civil war 17141:"Aleppo After the Fall" by Robert F. Worth, 16469:"US fears Syria planning massacre in Aleppo" 15474:. Russian News Agency TASS. 15 December 2016 14342:The International Committee of the Red Cross 14316:The International Committee of the Red Cross 14030:"IS' Hama incursion threatens Nusra's gains" 13440:"Syria forces consolidate control of Aleppo" 13250: 13054: 12983: 12798: 12779: 12152:"Rebels claim advances in gateway to Aleppo" 12096:"Syrian Rebels Regain Territory Near Aleppo" 11530:"Syria 'secures chemical weapons stockpile'" 11475: 11282:"Russia joins war in Syria: Five key points" 11009: 10655:"Syrian rebels fight Assad troops in Aleppo" 9827:Aji, Albert; Mroue, Bassem (11 April 2015). 9543:"Syrian rebels fight Assad troops in Aleppo" 9507:Syria war: Why the battle for Aleppo matters 9452:"Syrian Rebels and Kurdish Group Sign Truce" 8824: 8815: 8683:"The Regime's Military Capabilities: Part 2" 8423: 8414: 8388:Syria's Kurds: Civil Wars Within a Civil War 8091: 7614:Al-Tamimi, Aymenn Jawad (3 September 2016). 6409: 6384:The International Committee of the Red Cross 5918:On 13 April, Islamist opposition forces and 46: 27:Military confrontation in Aleppo (2012–2016) 20583:Second Northern Syria Demilitarization Deal 17823:Al-Hasakah Governorate campaign (2012–2013) 17389:Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war 16816:. abcnews. Associated Press. Archived from 16710:"Competing Groups Vie for Control of Syria" 16588:Lionel Beehner, Mike Jackson (9 May 2016). 15911: 15909: 15435: 15372: 15370: 15232:Simon, Ben; Ahren, Raphael (1 March 2017). 14362: 14051:Barnard, Anne; Hwaida Saad (1 April 2015). 13647:"Syria army seizes key Aleppo airport road" 12829: 12699: 12668: 11357: 11306: 10754: 10576:"Syria: What motivates an Assad supporter?" 10559:Students Are Assailed at a Protest in Syria 9873: 9512: 9227: 9006: 9004: 8859:"Emboldened Syrian rebels push into Aleppo" 8572:"Militias form as Aleppo clashes stalemate" 8552: 8069:. Al Akhbar. 6 January 2014. Archived from 7983: 7564: 7438:List of wars and battles involving al-Qaeda 6698:'s Digital Forensic Research Lab, utilized 6421:Russian hospital bombing campaigns in Syria 6197:Throughout the start of 2020, the SAA made 4858:Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war 20578:First Northern Syria Demilitarization Deal 19527:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region 18726:East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict (Apr–May) 18487:East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict (Apr–May) 17203: 17189: 16954: 16445:. Al Jazeera. 27 July 2012. Archived from 16240:. Al Arabiya. 27 July 2012. Archived from 15886: 15845:, Vol. 40 No. 14 · 19 July 2018 pages 9-10 15231: 13904:"Assad army bases fall to al-Qaeda allies" 13720:"Syrian army to impose blockade in Aleppo" 13374:"Syrian pro-government forces enter Afrin" 12940: 12505:"Rebel fighters advance in Syria's Aleppo" 12497: 12123: 11766:"Syrian army to impose blockade in Aleppo" 11147: 11089: 10888: 10748: 9913:. Xinhua. 20 November 2016. Archived from 9287:"Syrian rebels fight Hezbollah in Lebanon" 8902: 8900: 8898: 8851: 8626: 8624: 8622: 8620: 8586: 8327: 8325: 8251:. 24News. 23 February 2014. Archived from 7867: 7775:"Historic souk burns in battle for Aleppo" 7695: 7693: 7691: 7689: 7591:Edward Dark Columnist (19 November 2013). 7246:compared the destruction of Aleppo to the 6587:the start of the conflict... Hospitals in 5090: 5076: 4847: 4833: 4612: 4598: 4452: 4438: 4297: 4283: 4192: 4178: 3971: 3957: 3758: 3744: 3411: 3397: 3206: 3192: 2923: 2909: 2741: 2727: 2363: 2349: 2180: 2166: 2086: 2072: 1834: 1820: 20458:International demonstrations and protests 18564:September Urum al-Kubra aid convoy attack 17860:Rif Dimashq offensive (Nov 2012–Feb 2013) 17161:Map showing level of building destruction 17093:Cafarella, Jennifer; Zhou, Jason (2019). 16958:"Syria Expands Control to Most of Aleppo" 16330: 15418:One Kurdish Neighborhood in the Crossfire 14436:Zeid Ra'ad Al Hussein (21 October 2016). 14390: 14380: 14053:"ISIS Said to Step Up Offensive in Syria" 12608:Aji, Albert; Bassem Mroue (7 July 2015). 11309:"Aleppo teeters but no sign of US action" 10606:"Syrian Druze: Toward Defiant Neutrality" 10318:Bandarin, Francesco (20 September 2022). 10242:. Ara News. 14 March 2016. Archived from 10232: 10125:. Amnesty International. 23 December 2015 9671:"Aleppo 'is becoming Syria's Stalingrad'" 9236:"Syria: Battle for Aleppo – live updates" 9064: 9062: 8798: 8555:"Reports from Aleppo - December 8th 2016" 8532:"Syrian Airline Cancels Flight to Aleppo" 7792: 7613: 6893:was damaged during Syrian army shelling. 6010:Aleppo offensive (November–December 2016) 6002:Aleppo offensive (September–October 2016) 5994:Northern Aleppo offensive (February 2016) 5859: 20604:Universal jurisdiction trials in Germany 19688:Supreme Council of the Syrian Revolution 17024: 16975: 16907: 15906: 15367: 15351:. ARA News. 14 June 2016. Archived from 15341: 13770: 13764: 13125:"Who Is Laying Siege to Whom in Aleppo?" 13030: 13028: 11116: 10599: 10597: 10436:International Committee of the Red Cross 10317: 10032: 9826: 9446: 9444: 9337: 9233: 9161:. Sarmad Network Plus. 23 February 2016. 9123: 9001: 8987:"Syrian rebels lose key Aleppo district" 8962: 8708:"Four Iranian officers killed in Aleppo" 7923:"Syrian strikes on Aleppo 'kill dozens'" 7766: 7560: 7558: 7048: 6967: 6838:Amnesty reported that, according to the 6820: 6369:The pro-opposition monitoring group the 6348:Violations Documentation Center in Syria 6338:Aleppo, Karm al Jabal neighborhood, 2013 6333: 6142: 6085: Confrontation or unclear situation 6021: 6013: 6006:Aleppo offensive (October–November 2016) 5941: 5910:Rebel forces use tunnel bombs under the 5899: 5879: 5872:Aleppo offensive (October–December 2015) 5758: 5585: 5507: 5386:to resolve the conflict peacefully. The 5323:) was a major military confrontation in 165: Confrontation or unclear situation 17668:Rif Dimashq clashes (Nov 2011-Mar 2012) 17435:US intervention in the Syrian civil war 15706: 15704: 15003:. Human Rights Watch. 28 September 2016 14981:. Amnesty International. 11 August 2016 14824:"Barrel-bomb attacks kill 15 in Aleppo" 14773: 14210: 14161: 14159: 14157: 14103: 14076: 14002: 13901: 13686: 12293: 11601: 11363: 11207: 11043:"Assad's man directs battle for Aleppo" 10908: 10889:Abdul-Ahad, Ghaith (27 December 2012). 10835:Kennedy, Elizabeth (19 November 2012). 10834: 10603: 10482: 10168: 10099: 9955: 9667: 9648: 9630: 9333: 9331: 8895: 8617: 8322: 8265: 7686: 7630: 7556: 7554: 7552: 7550: 7548: 7546: 7544: 7542: 7540: 7538: 7485: 7483: 7481: 7479: 7477: 7475: 7473: 7340:-held, from July 2012 to November 2016. 7309:because of Russia's role in the siege. 6467:are now commonplace, and may amount to 5681:seized a strategic checkpoint in Anadan 5655: 5492:began on 15 March 2011, as part of the 1770:November–December 2016 Aleppo offensive 1723:2,000–4,000 Lebanese Hezbollah fighters 1121:46th Special Forces (Airborne) Regiment 14: 20694: 19072:Northwestern offensive (Dec 19–Mar 20) 18350:Northwestern Syria offensive (Oct–Nov) 17108: 17095:"Russia's Dead-End Diplomacy in Syria" 16880: 16036: 15429: 14699: 14697: 14338:"Syria: Aleppo civilians under attack" 14184: 13927: 13717: 13564:. RIA. 29 January 2012. Archived from 13476:from the original on 30 September 2015 12459: 12124:al-Khatieb, Mohammed (13 March 2015). 11646:from the original on 24 September 2015 11234:. Now. 4 February 2016. Archived from 11171:. Now. 2 December 2015. Archived from 11090:Wilgenburg, Wladimir (8 August 2012). 10989: 10970: 10926:from the original on 24 September 2015 10862: 10777: 10539:from the original on 30 September 2013 10313: 10311: 10309: 10264: 10050: 10048: 9738: 9692: 9417: 9415: 9413: 9411: 9260: 9101: 9059: 8662:Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi (23 May 2016). 8657: 8655: 8566: 8564: 8486:from the original on 24 September 2015 8477: 8161:from the original on 27 September 2015 8130:from the original on 24 September 2015 8059: 8012: 7489: 6323:Turkish military intervention in Syria 6278:The Syrian government's defeat at the 6273:Southern Front of the Free Syrian Army 5624:, part of the FSA and allied with the 5488:Nationwide protests against President 5480:as Syria's commercial capital. Author 4461:Idlib ceasefire (March 2020 – present) 618:(Russian intervention force commander) 247:-held, from July 2012 to November 2016 90:fighter walking among rubble in Aleppo 20573:Idlib demilitarization (2018–present) 20343: 20073: 19499: 19360:April 2014 Jordanian border airstrike 19180:Tahrir al-Sham–Junud al-Sham conflict 18920:Southern Damascus offensive (Apr–May) 18885:Southern Damascus offensive (Jan–Feb) 18796:Northwestern campaign (Oct 17–Feb 18) 18786:Deir ez-Zor offensive (Sep 17–Mar 18) 17501: 17222: 17184: 16976:Mckernan, Bethan (13 December 2016). 16955:Abdulrahim, Raja (12 December 2016). 16931: 16886: 16811: 15915: 15651: 15132:Syria aid convoy attack: What we know 14751:. Middle East Monitor. Archived from 13870: 13818: 13660: 13542:. Blogs.voanews.com. 26 November 2012 13167: 13025: 12984:Patrikarakos, David (4 August 2016). 12959: 12914: 12324: 12176: 11448:"Rebels use tanks to attack air base" 11270:from the original on 12 January 2022. 10594: 10324:Cultural Heritage and Mass Atrocities 10183:from the original on 12 January 2022. 10150:. Human Rights Watch. 1 December 2016 9682:from the original on 12 January 2022. 9645:from the original on 12 January 2022. 9534: 9475: 9473: 9441: 8792: 8779: 8680: 7878: 7515: 6833: 6755:UN High Commissioner For Human Rights 6449:UN High Commissioner for Human Rights 6433:UN High Commissioner for Human Rights 6309: 6224:On 26 November 2012, rebels captured 6204: 5739:fighters battle government forces in 5427:UN High Commissioner for Human Rights 5071: 4828: 4593: 4433: 4278: 4173: 3952: 3739: 3392: 3187: 2904: 2722: 2344: 2161: 2067: 1815: 19698:Syrian Revolution General Commission 19438:January 2014 Turkish attack in Syria 18217:Second Battle of the Shaer gas field 17420:Turkish occupation of northern Syria 17210: 17025:McDowall, Angus (12 December 2016). 16656:. bundesregierung.de. 15 August 2016 16010: 15868:from the original on 12 January 2022 15701: 15380:. Amnesty International. 13 May 2016 15050:. Human Rights Watch. 16 August 2016 15001:"Syria: New Deadly Chemical Attacks" 14154: 14134: 13928:al-Haj, Mustafa (19 December 2014). 13902:Soloman, Ericka (16 December 2014). 13798:"West Aleppo faces unending assault" 13699:from the original on 4 November 2013 13586: 11958: 11927: 11746:. Business Standard. 8 November 2013 11720:from the original on 3 February 2014 11616:from the original on 12 January 2022 11157:. Middle East Eye. 29 November 2015. 10399: 10202:. Amnesty International. 5 July 2016 10033:McKernan, Bethan (11 January 2017). 9586: 9338:Ignatius, David (30 November 2012). 9328: 8280:from the original on 12 January 2022 7772: 7535: 7470: 7227:In his last press conference as the 7093: 7032: 6917:, destroyed to its foundations in a 6846:Destruction of the city and heritage 6063:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant 6041: Opposition control (including 5960:positions in Aleppo, 2 October 2015. 5937:Waqf of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha Complex 5527:positions in Aleppo, 2 October 2015. 5523:in Aleppo, coordinates an attack on 5097: 4681:Turkish occupation of northern Syria 3828:2nd East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict 3464:1st East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict 1841: 1207:Forces of the Fighters of the Tribes 569:(Head of Aleppo military operations) 143:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant 121: Opposition control (including 20655:Syrian civil war in popular culture 20548:UN Security Council Resolution 2118 18477:Northern Aleppo offensive (Mar–Jun) 18167:Northern Aleppo offensive (Feb–Jul) 18150:First Battle of the Shaer gas field 16654:"Aleppo is a reminder to the world" 16170:. Deutsche Welle. 16 December 2016. 16011:Eyad, Alhosein (22 December 2016). 15445:Robert F. Worth (6 February 2020). 15113:. UN News Centre. 20 September 2016 15072:. UN News Centre. 16 September 2013 14729:. Amnesty international. 5 May 2015 14694: 12547:Syrian Observatory For Human Rights 12524:Syrian Observatory For Human Rights 12507:. Al Jazeera English. 18 June 2015. 12407: 12209:Syrian Observatory For Human Rights 11996:Syrian Observatory For Human Rights 11965:Syrian Observatory For Human Rights 11934:Syrian Observatory For Human Rights 11903:Syrian Observatory For Human Rights 11067: 10812:. 27 September 2012. Archived from 10608:. Foreign Policy Research Institute 10568: 10306: 10045: 9668:Spencer, Richard (11 August 2012). 9567: 9481:"Syria: Ruling over Aleppo's Ruins" 9408: 9081: 8942:Democratic Revolution, Syrian Style 8799:al-Jaffal, Omar (29 October 2013). 8652: 8633:"Christians take up arms in Aleppo" 8561: 8266:Spencer, Richard (16 August 2012). 8179: 7773:Peel, Michael (30 September 2012). 7705:Syrian Observatory for Human Rights 7451: 7347:has been destroyed in the fighting. 6763:Syrian Observatory for Human Rights 6371:Syrian Observatory for Human Rights 5965:shelling killed 19 more civilians. 5749:2013: Advances and counter-advances 5367:, and against the Kurdish-majority 5308: 1802:The location of Aleppo within Syria 47: 24: 20558:2015 Zabadani cease-fire agreement 19749:Authenticity and Development Front 19423:2012 Turkish F-4 Phantom shootdown 19418:December 2011 Turkish border clash 19209:Ahrar al-Sham–Levant Front clashes 18666:Southwestern Daraa offensive (Feb) 18579:Western al-Bab offensive (Oct–Nov) 18437:Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (Feb–Mar) 17705:December Jabal al-Zawiya massacres 17476:Russian-Turkish agreement on Syria 17430:Russian-Turkish agreement on Syria 17317:Casualties of the Syrian civil war 16932:Mroue, Bassem (13 November 2016). 16891:. almasdarnews.com. Archived from 16619:. UN News Centre. 20 December 2016 16541:. UN News Centre. 16 December 2016 16519:. UN News Centre. 15 December 2016 16366:. Edition.cnn.com. 16 January 2013 16115:. 14 December 2016. Archived from 15968:. TIME Magazine. 25 December 2016. 15684:"Souk burns as Aleppo fight rages" 15550:. 27 December 2016. Archived from 14582:. UN News Center. 29 November 2016 14534:. UN News Center. 17 November 2016 14512:. UN News Center. 10 November 2016 14487:. UN News Center. 28 November 2016 14185:Sayigh, Yezid (30 December 2016). 13687:Solomon, Erika (1 November 2013). 13587:Surk, Barbara (23 February 2013). 13220:. UN News Center. 14 December 2016 13198:. UN News Center. 13 December 2016 12967:"Syria regime in Aleppo fightback" 12616:. Associated Press. Archived from 12540: 12517: 11989: 11896: 11143:. Syria:direct. 30 September 2015. 10863:Atassi, Basma (20 November 2012). 10682:. UN News Centre. 16 February 2012 10408:. Associated Press. Archived from 10169:Sanchez, Raf (25 September 2016). 9693:Wright, Robin (13 December 2016). 9470: 8780:Grove, Thomas (16 December 2016). 8681:Kozak, Christopher (26 May 2015). 8304:The Daily Star Newspaper - Lebanon 8013:Tomson, Chris (28 November 2016). 7949:The Daily Star Newspaper - Lebanon 7490:Tomson, Chris (25 November 2016). 6976:(shown above at the left) and the 6800:and the Ahrar al-Sham established 4961:U.S.-led intervention against ISIL 262:The YPG controls Kurdish-majority 25: 20828: 19448:Russian Air Force Al-Bab incident 19389:Iranian embassy bombing in Beirut 19342:April 2014 Iraqi border airstrike 18910:Northern Homs offensive (Apr–May) 18895:Southern Damascus offensive (Mar) 18636:Wadi Barada offensive (2016–2017) 18502:May Jableh & Tartous bombings 18452:February Sayyidah Zaynab bombings 18417:Second Battle of Al-Shaykh Maskin 18370:East Aleppo offensive (2015–2016) 17757:Idlib Governorate operation (Apr) 17425:Second Northern Syria Buffer Zone 17134: 16887:Fadel, Leith (8 September 2016). 16423:from the original on 27 July 2012 16318:. alarabiya.net. 14 December 2016 16296:. alarabiya.net. 16 December 2016 16188:. 16 October 2012. Archived from 15916:Nabih, Bulos (21 December 2016). 15289:", UN News Centre, 10 April 2016. 14465:. UN News Center. 1 November 2016 14211:Sabbagh, Dan (10 November 2023). 13168:Fadel, Leith (28 November 2016). 13078: 12946: 12736:"Urbicide or an Elegy for Aleppo" 12433: 10990:Giglio, Mike (1 September 2012). 10971:Chulov, Martin (21 August 2012). 10778:Chulov, Martin (21 August 2012). 10294:. UN News Center. 21 October 2016 9956:Shaheen, Kareem (5 August 2016). 9739:Fisher, Max (29 September 2016). 9454:. 6 November 2012. Archived from 9234:Siddique, Haroon (29 July 2012). 9069:Alessandria Masi (9 March 2015). 8478:Holmes, Oliver (2 October 2012). 8428:. Syriareport.net. Archived from 7237:UN High Commissioner for Refugees 7153:As the Battle of Aleppo started, 7015: 6493:Queiq § Queiq River Massacre 5648:Starting in late September 2015, 5515:Yasser Abdul Rahim, commander of 5397:There were frequent instances of 4696:Jordanian–Syrian border incidents 1675:Movement of Salah al-Din the Kurd 1647:Harakat Fajr ash-Sham al-Islamiya 1197:Military Intelligence Directorate 814:(al-Tawhid Brigade top commander) 20676: 20675: 20392:2017 Northern regional elections 20024:Turkistan Islamic Party in Syria 19635:Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition 19500: 19150:Siege of Qamishli and Al-Hasakah 19047:Turkish offensive into northeast 19027:Northwestern offensive (Apr–Aug) 18915:Eastern Qalamoun offensive (Apr) 18584:Khan al-Shih offensive (Oct–Nov) 18427:January Sayyidah Zaynab bombings 17695:Shayrat and Tiyas airbase ambush 17576:2010s in Syria political history 17322:Refugees of the Syrian civil war 17049: 17018: 16996: 16969: 16948: 16925: 16862: 16832: 16805: 16779: 16749: 16724: 16702: 16668: 16646: 16609: 16581: 16553: 16531: 16509: 16483: 16461: 16435: 16404: 16378: 16356: 16308: 16286: 16256: 16230: 16204: 16174: 16160: 16131: 16105: 16085: 16067: 16049: 16030: 16004: 15990: 15972: 15958: 15880: 15848: 15832: 15807: 15781: 15759: 15729: 15676: 15637: 15623: 15601: 15588: 15566: 15540: 15522: 15504: 15486: 15464: 15410: 15308: 15292: 15279: 15251: 15207: 15168: 15149: 15137: 15125: 15103: 15084: 15040: 14993: 14971: 14946: 14921: 14899: 14877: 14816: 14790: 14767: 14741: 14719: 14672: 14594: 14572: 14546: 14524: 14477: 14455: 14429: 14407: 14330: 14304: 14278: 14253: 14225: 14204: 14178: 14128: 14108:. IHS Jane's 360. Archived from 14104:Abi Ali, Firas (27 April 2015). 14097: 14081:. IHS Jane's 360. Archived from 14077:Abi Ali, Firas (12 April 2015). 14070: 14044: 14022: 14003:Ghattas, Kim (9 December 2014). 13996: 13970: 13948: 13921: 13895: 13871:Fadel, Leith (5 November 2014). 13864: 13838: 13819:Caris, Charlie (18 March 2014). 13812: 13790: 13771:Mulcaire, Jack (22 April 2014). 13738: 13680: 13639: 13580: 13554: 13532: 13510: 13488: 13458: 13414: 13392: 13366: 13340: 13322: 13286: 13268: 13232: 13210: 13188: 13161: 13135: 13117: 13091: 13072: 13009: 13003: 12977: 12884: 12854: 12823: 12799:Chris Tomson (4 February 2016). 12792: 12780:Laila Bassam (4 February 2016). 12773: 12761:Kareem Shaheen (8 August 2016). 12754: 12700:Leith Fadel (22 December 2015). 12693: 12669:Leith Fadel (14 November 2015). 12662: 12632: 12601: 12557: 12534: 12511: 12479: 12453: 12427: 12401: 12383:] advance to central Aleppo" 12371: 12345: 12318: 12287: 12257: 12227: 12197: 12170: 12144: 12088: 12040: 12014: 11983: 11952: 11921: 11890: 11868: 11850: 11832: 11810: 11784: 11758: 11732: 11702: 11680: 11658: 11628: 11602:Spencer, Richard (9 June 2013). 11595: 11569: 11544: 11522: 11496: 11440: 11414: 11388: 11327: 11300: 11274: 11250: 11224: 11201: 11197:. EA Earthview. 4 December 2015. 11187: 11161: 11133: 11117:Taştekin, Fehim (22 June 2015). 11110: 11083: 11061: 11035: 10983: 10964: 10938: 10882: 10856: 10828: 10798: 10771: 10694: 10672: 10646: 10620: 10551: 10520: 10483:Tharoor, Ishaan (27 July 2012). 10476: 10450: 10424: 10400:Laub, Karin (23 December 2016). 10362: 10337: 10284: 10265:Fields, Liz (12 December 2014). 10258: 10214: 10162: 10093: 10026: 10007: 9993: 9975: 9949: 9649:Hermant, Norman (28 July 2012). 9631:McElroy, Damien (28 July 2012). 9396:. UN News Center. 8 October 2016 9211:Richard Galpin (5 August 2012). 8963:Joscelyn, Thomas (1 June 2015). 7990:Anita McNaught (1 August 2012). 7879:Fadel, Leith (19 October 2015). 7842: 7381:Rif Dimashq Governorate campaign 7358: 7270: 7258: 7229:United Nations Secretary-General 6998: 6986: 6723: 6711: 6681:Iraqi Shi'ite paramilitary group 6666:aid convoy was attacked at night 6481:systematically bombard hospitals 6241:Airbase and Aleppo Power Plant. 5723: 5711: 5696: 5423:2016 Syrian government offensive 4923:Tomb of Suleyman Shah relocation 4807:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict 4767:2024 Iranian airstrikes in Syria 4235:Iranian Eastern Euphrates strike 1788: 1781: 1699: 1681: 1668: 1664:Turkistan Islamic Party in Syria 1657: 1631: 1612: 1605: 1587: 1575: 1548: 1536: 1524: 1494: 1484: 1461: 1448: 1436: 1424: 1412: 1395: 1378: 1359: 1341: 1329: 1317: 1305: 1286: 1256: 1237: 1214: 1183: 1160: 1144: 1133: 1107: 1091: 1079: 1069: 1059: 1048: 1029: 996: 989: 969: 956: 942: 929: 892: 850: 778: 775:(FSA Aleppo top commander, 2013) 764: 737: 714: 702: 681: 660: 637: 622: 607: 592: 573: 558: 543: 524: 513: 501: 488: 475: 462: 444: 429: 418: 404: 393: 382: 371: 357: 343: 330: 311: 295: 283: 78:A destroyed tank in Aleppo, the 69: 63: 32:Siege of Aleppo (disambiguation) 20707:Battles of the Syrian civil war 20588:Syrian Constitutional Committee 19934:International Freedom Battalion 19532:Syrian Social Nationalist Party 18930:Deir ez-Zor offensive (May–Jun) 18880:Rif Dimashq offensive (Feb–Apr) 18826:Battle of Deir ez-Zor (Sep–Nov) 18681:East Aleppo offensive (Jan–Apr) 18656:Deir ez-Zor offensive (Jan–Feb) 18646:Desert campaign (Dec 16–Apr 17) 18512:Rif Dimashq offensive (Jun–Oct) 18492:Rif Dimashq offensive (Apr–May) 18432:Northern Aleppo offensive (Feb) 18300:Battle of Nasib Border Crossing 18182:Rif Dimashq offensive (Aug–Nov) 18028:Rif Dimashq offensive (Sep–Nov) 17959:Rif Dimashq offensive (Mar–Aug) 17828:Rif Dimashq offensive (Aug-Oct) 17663:Deir ez-Zor clashes (2011–2014) 17638:June Jisr ash-Shughur operation 17150:Battle of Aleppo frontline maps 17070: 16493:. Now.mmedia.me. Archived from 15887:Willa Frej (15 December 2016). 15562:– via Japan Times Online. 14290:Syrian Network for Human Rights 14166:Robert F. Worth (24 May 2017). 13661:Evans, Dominic (1 March 2013). 13064:. 6 August 2016. Archived from 12990:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 12830:Leith Fadel (5 February 2016). 12325:Mroue, Bassem (14 April 2015). 12294:Gebeily, Maya (14 April 2015). 12271:. 18 March 2015. Archived from 11688:"Backed by tanks and artillery" 11364:Solomon, Erika (31 July 2012). 11068:Kat, Iskander (1 August 2012). 10701:Martin Chulov (4 August 2012). 10604:Gambill, Gary (11 March 2013). 9903: 9847: 9820: 9802: 9784: 9766: 9751: 9732: 9720: 9686: 9661: 9624: 9606: 9587:Aron, Lund (15 December 2016). 9580: 9568:Sim, David (16 December 2016). 9561: 9499: 9357: 9261:Morris, Loveday (2 June 2013). 9254: 9204: 9190: 9165: 9149: 9033: 8979: 8930: 8914:. 8 August 2012. Archived from 8869: 8773: 8752: 8710:. 3 August 2016. Archived from 8700: 8674: 8553:R&U Vid (8 December 2016). 8546: 8524: 8498: 8451:Martin Chulov (5 August 2012). 8444: 8396: 8381: 8355: 8339:. 1 August 2016. Archived from 8292: 8259: 8241: 8219: 8142: 8112: 8085: 8037: 8006: 7962: 7937: 7915: 7836: 7810: 7719: 7663:Cafarella & Casagrande 2015 7565:Amir Toumaj (9 December 2016). 6840:Syrian Network for Human Rights 6679:reported that a pro-government 6578:Violations Documentation Center 6378:Syrian Network for Human Rights 5876:East Aleppo offensive (2015–16) 5535:and the most prominent was the 4762:2017 Deir ez-Zor missile strike 4666:Syrian–Turkish border incidents 4581:3rd Aleppo inter-rebel conflict 4522:2nd Aleppo inter-rebel conflict 4512:1st Aleppo inter-rebel conflict 1202:Military Security Shield Forces 256:largely damaged in the fighting 239:Syrian Army and allied victory 181:19 July 2012 – 22 December 2016 20702:Aleppo in the Syrian civil war 19443:Assassination of Andrei Karlov 19313:May 2018 Israel–Iran incidents 19012:ISIL insurgency in Deir-ez-Zor 18756:Southern Raqqa offensive (Jun) 18559:September Deir ez-Zor air raid 18549:Western al-Bab offensive (Sep) 18507:Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (Jun) 18497:Northern Raqqa offensive (May) 18385:Russian Sukhoi Su-24 shootdown 17102:Institute for the Study of War 17086:Institute for the Study of War 15178:". BBC News. 13 December 2016. 15028:. UN News Centre. 1 March 2017 14891:. 3 March 2016. Archived from 14774:Piggott, Mark (13 July 2015). 13958:. Al Jazeera. 21 December 2014 13825:Institute for the Study of War 12898:. 27 July 2016. Archived from 12868:. 25 June 2016. Archived from 12177:Fadel, Leith (11 March 2015). 11341:. 20 July 2012. Archived from 10100:Shaheen, Kareem (5 May 2015). 9285:Matthew Weaver (3 June 2013). 8876:Clarissa Ward (26 July 2012). 8825:Philip Smyth (February 2015). 8801:"Iraqi Shiites Join Syria War" 8506:"Rebels hit army HQ in Aleppo" 8365:. 30 July 2016. Archived from 7820:. Nine O clock. Archived from 7607: 7584: 7516:Moris, Loveday (3 June 2013). 7408:Battle of Benghazi (2014–2017) 7404:—Part of the Battle for Aleppo 7218:We all feel strongly that the 6771:Barry University School of Law 6299:2015 Jisr al-Shughur offensive 6113:, to the northwest of Aleppo. 5706:rebels hold a planning session 4502:7th Idlib inter-rebel conflict 4472:6th Idlib inter-rebel conflict 4223:5th Idlib inter-rebel conflict 4091:4th Idlib inter-rebel conflict 4074:Feb 2018 Israel–Syria incident 3892:3rd Idlib inter-rebel conflict 3712:2nd Idlib inter-rebel conflict 3648:1st Idlib inter-rebel conflict 1725:4,000 Iraqi Hezbollah fighters 921:(Harakat Nour al-Din al-Zenki) 13: 1: 20387:2017 Northern local elections 20377:2015 Northern local elections 19739:National Front for Liberation 19676:Local Coordination Committees 19224:Northern Aleppo clashes (Oct) 19062:Israeli missile strikes (Nov) 18706:Khan Shaykhun chemical attack 18003:Khan al-Assal chemical attack 17799:18 July 2012 Damascus bombing 17613:Death of Hamza Ali Al-Khateeb 17398:Specific groups and countries 17223: 16812:Mroue, Bassem (7 July 2014). 16491:"US condemns Syria slaughter" 15633:. Euronews. 14 December 2016. 15611:. UN News Centre. 21 May 2014 14682:. UN News Center. 22 May 2014 14135:Fisk, Robert (12 June 2015). 13773:"Aleppo: Syria's Stalingrad?" 13718:Halabi, Alaa (5 March 2014). 13518:"Recent Rebel Gains in Syria" 11476:Kim Sengupta (31 July 2012). 11208:@ALAMAWI (19 December 2015). 11092:"Cold PKK-FSA Truce in Syria" 9198:"Thomas van Linge on Twitter" 8092:Kim Sengupta (31 July 2012). 7818:"Fresh clashes rock Damascus" 7464: 7025:and Mosul carried out by the 6329: 6301:. Syrian government minister 6246:Sheikh Najjar Industrial City 5718:Bombed out vehicles in Aleppo 5503: 5451: 4918:Turkey–Islamic State conflict 4724:Iraqi–Syrian border incidents 4704:Israeli–Syrian ceasefire line 3823:April 2017 Turkish airstrikes 1737: 1625:Jaish al-Muhajireen wal-Ansar 788:Nour al-Din al-Zenki Movement 20650:2015 European migrant crisis 19924:Patriotic Union of Kurdistan 18816:Euphrates Crossing offensive 18310:Western al-Hasakah offensive 18270:Eastern al-Hasakah offensive 18138:Qalamoun offensive (Jun–Aug) 17894:Quneitra Governorate clashes 17633:Siege of Rastan and Talbiseh 17561:Syrian occupation of Lebanon 17502: 17310:Effects and ongoing concerns 17006:. Sky News. 12 December 2016 16712:. Stratfor. 24 December 2014 16690:. Al Jazeera. 4 October 2012 16017:International Business Times 16000:. Haaretz. 25 December 2016. 15420:, Daily Beast, 15 April 2016 14707:. Channel4. 10 February 2015 14382:10.1371/journal.ppat.1004438 13932:. Al-Monitor. Archived from 13722:. Al-Monitor. Archived from 13609:. NDTV.com. 18 February 2013 12614:U.S. News & World Report 12128:. Al Monitor. Archived from 11768:. Al Monitor. Archived from 10755:Ivan Watson (26 July 2012). 9075:International Business Times 9041:"Guide to the Syrian rebels" 8424:Syria Report (7 July 2013). 7010: 6519:International Criminal Court 6415:Syrian government and allies 6238:Aleppo International Airport 6162: 5851:proposal was presented by a 5421:by rebel forces. During the 3433:(March 2016 – February 2017) 3091:Western al-Hasakah offensive 3023:Eastern al-Hasakah offensive 1570:Harakat Nour al-Din al-Zenki 898:Abdulrahman al-Salameh 676:(Republican Guard Commander) 554:(Chief of the General Staff) 84:October 2012 Aleppo bombings 18:Battle of Aleppo (2012–2013) 7: 20787:Russian war crimes in Syria 20538:U.S.–Russia peace proposals 20493:Syrian government reactions 20483:Status of the Golan Heights 20478:Sectarianism and minorities 20402:2020 parliamentary election 20382:2016 parliamentary election 20367:2012 parliamentary election 20344: 20302:Mohamad Anas Haitham Soueid 20202:Ali Sadreddine Al-Bayanouni 20049:Ansar al-Islam in Kurdistan 19908:Northern Democratic Brigade 19764:Muslim Brotherhood in Syria 19759:Revolutionary Commando Army 19640:Popular Mobilization Forces 19428:2012 Turkish border clashes 19017:Dêrik prison escape attempt 18422:Deir ez-Zor offensive (Jan) 18375:2015–2016 Latakia offensive 18345:Rif Dimashq offensive (Sep) 18340:Palmyra offensive (Jul–Aug) 18227:Deir ez-Zor offensive (Dec) 18212:Second Inter-Rebel Conflict 17988:Bayda and Baniyas massacres 17296:Sectarianism and minorities 17271:Syrian government reactions 17109:Lister, Charles R. (2015). 16643:BBC News. 15 December 2016. 16037:hermes (27 December 2016). 13800:. Al-Monitor. 16 April 2014 13129:Carnegie Middle East Center 12379:"Syrian oppostion [ 12181:. Al-Masdar. Archived from 9593:Carnegie Middle East Center 9589:"A Turning Point in Aleppo" 9509:". BBC News. 8 August 2016. 7423:Battle of Mosul (2016–2017) 7402:Siege of Nubl and al-Zahraa 7351: 7312: 7294:national day of celebration 7045:Aleppo victory celebrations 6660:On 19 September 2016, a UN/ 6219:Strategic Forecasting, Inc. 6134:an attack on western Aleppo 5519:and field commander of the 5474:, it has been described by 5319: 4938:Idlib Governorate operation 4570:Iranian consulate airstrike 4487:4th Israeli missile strikes 4385:3rd Israeli missile strikes 4358:2nd Israeli missile strikes 4129:Deir ez-Zor SAA-SDF clashes 3771:in Syria (Feb. – Nov. 2017) 3524:12th–14th Aleppo offensives 1706:Northern Democratic Brigade 1385:Harakat Hezbollah al-Nujaba 1224:Syrian Ministry of Interior 10: 20833: 20533:Lakhdar Brahimi peace plan 20407:2021 presidential election 20372:2014 presidential election 20074: 19618:medical facility targeting 19474:Deir ez-Zor missile strike 19433:2013 Reyhanlı car bombings 19352:Jordanian border incidents 18997:Idlib inter-rebel conflict 18935:As-Suwayda offensive (Jun) 18811:Eastern campaign (Sep–Dec) 18599:Aleppo offensive (Nov-Dec) 18569:Aleppo offensive (Sep–Oct) 18539:Operation Euphrates Shield 18467:Battle of Maarrat al-Numan 18355:Aleppo offensive (Oct–Dec) 18280:Battle of Sarrin (Jun–Jul) 18275:Battle of Sarrin (Mar–Apr) 18222:Battle of Al-Shaykh Maskin 18071:First Inter-rebel conflict 18033:Aleppo offensive (Oct–Dec) 17942:Raqqa campaign (2012–2013) 17845:Battle of Maarrat al-Numan 17157:BBC News, 13 December 2016 16677:14 December 2016. Reuters. 16471:. Al Jazeera. 27 July 2012 14032:. Al Monitor. 2 April 2015 13649:. Al Jazeera. 3 March 2013 12126:"Rebels advance in Aleppo" 11450:. The News. Archived from 7682:. Reuters. 2 January 2017. 7428:Raqqa campaign (2016–2017) 7418:Operation Euphrates Shield 6900:, the Director-General of 6604:’s crisis response program 6490: 6418: 5987: 5869: 5863: 5839: 5752: 5664: 5472:UNESCO World Heritage Site 5455: 5026:April 2018 missile strikes 4896:2012 Hezbollah involvement 3865:Iranian Deir ez-Zor strike 3578:Operation Euphrates Shield 3454:9th–11th Aleppo offensives 2258:Shayrat & Tiyas ambush 1740:8,000 fighters (mid-2016) 1719:20,000 SAA soldiers (2012) 1682: 1134: 970: 957: 943: 930: 525: 514: 502: 463: 251:UNESCO World heritage site 80:Saadallah al-Jabiri Square 29: 20671: 20612: 20596: 20501: 20415: 20354: 20350: 20339: 20080: 20069: 20008: 19995:Group of the One and Only 19975:Military activity of ISIL 19965: 19956: 19916: 19868:People's Protection Units 19858: 19850:Smaller political parties 19830: 19821:Autonomous Administration 19819: 19777: 19721: 19661: 19652: 19586: 19578:Palestine Liberation Army 19550: 19517: 19510: 19506: 19495: 19466: 19407: 19368: 19350: 19321: 19292: 19281: 19242: 19188: 19134: 19111:Idlib Governorate clashes 19085: 19037:Hass refugee camp bombing 18973: 18925:Deir ez-Zor clashes (Apr) 18846: 18761:Jobar offensive (Jun–Aug) 18736:Maskanah Plains offensive 18731:Desert campaign (May–Jul) 18661:Daraa offensive (Feb–Jun) 18612: 18393: 18235: 18133:Second siege of Wadi Deif 18128:Kafr Zita chemical attack 18093:Daraa offensive (Feb–May) 18051: 17964:Battle of Jdaidet al-Fadl 17907: 17713: 17700:Idlib Governorate clashes 17685:Daraa Governorate clashes 17653:Jabal al-Zawiya operation 17584: 17514: 17510: 17497: 17468: 17397: 17376: 17340: 17309: 17233: 17229: 17218: 17079:"Syrian Opposition Guide" 15864:. London. 1 August 2012. 12359:. asor-syrianheritage.org 7910:Cafarella & Zhou 2019 6879:rocket-propelled grenades 6735: 6410:Allegations of war crimes 6236:. By late February 2013, 5630:People's Protection Units 5561:Syrian National Coalition 5388:UN special envoy to Syria 5369:People's Protection Units 5109: 4866: 4631: 4565:Israel–Hezbollah conflict 4482:Qamishli & Al-Hasakah 4467: 4331: 4325:(April 2019 – March 2020) 4230:Sep. 2018 missile strikes 4213: 4036:5th Deir ez-Zor offensive 3995: 3777: 3702:4th Deir ez-Zor offensive 3439: 3318:3rd Deir ez-Zor offensive 3226: 3220:(Sept. 2015 – March 2016) 2998:2nd Deir ez-Zor offensive 2951: 2945:(Sept. 2014 – Sept. 2015) 2784:1st Deir ez-Zor offensive 2761: 2752:Rise of the Islamic State 2491:Kurdish–Islamist conflict 2385: 2200: 2194:(Sept. 2011 – April 2012) 2104: 2063: 1851: 1776: 1767: 1758: 1753: 1713: 1348:Special Operations Forces 1022: 536: 275: 173: 62: 54: 43: 20712:Chemical weapons attacks 19985:Khalid ibn al-Walid Army 19929:Kurdistan Workers' Party 19873:Women's Protection Units 19845:Kurdish National Council 19294:Israel and Golan Heights 19165:Battle of Qamishli (Apr) 19007:Battle of Baghuz Fawqani 18766:Quneitra offensive (Jun) 18721:April Turkish airstrikes 18696:Hama offensive (Mar–Apr) 18529:Southern Aleppo campaign 18472:Battle of Qamishli (Apr) 18365:Homs offensive (Nov-Dec) 18335:Quneitra offensive (Jun) 18265:Southern Syria Offensive 17899:Talbiseh bakery massacre 17850:First siege of Wadi Deif 17840:Battle of Khirbet Al-Joz 17737:January al-Midan bombing 17469:Agreements and dialogues 17450:Syrian Democratic Forces 16263:Babak Dehghanpisheh and 15647:. BBC. 18 December 2016. 12408:AFP (13 December 2016). 11794:. Aawsat. Archived from 9726:BBC News, 28 April 2014 8788:– via www.wsj.com. 8180:AFP (15 December 2012). 7444: 7392:Palmyra offensive (2017) 7193:British Foreign Minister 7163:Iranian Foreign Ministry 6978:National Hamidi Hospital 6662:Syrian Arab Red Crescent 6406:cost $ 21 at one point. 6364:Action on Armed Violence 6317:Syrian Democratic Forces 6295:Jane's Information Group 6288:March–April IS offensive 6018:Destroyed area in Aleppo 5950:multiple rocket launcher 5800:Operation Northern Storm 5786:unilaterally declared a 5776:Siege of Menagh Air Base 5639:Syrian Democratic Forces 5339:(FSA) and other largely- 4797:Kafr Takharim airstrikes 4576:February 2024 airstrikes 4539:3rd U.S. missile strikes 4416:2nd U.S. missile strikes 4207:(Sep. 2018 – April 2019) 4102:U.S.-led missile strikes 4008:Eastern Syria insurgency 3633:Aleppo aid convoy attack 2569:Darayya & Muadamiyat 2512:Tell Hamis and Tell Brak 76:Clockwise from top-left: 20463:International reactions 20448:Human rights violations 19939:Sinjar Resistance Units 19898:Syriac Military Council 19888:Army of Revolutionaries 19823:of North and East Syria 19683:Syrian National Council 19537:Arab Socialist Movement 19458:Operation Spring Shield 19399:Qalamoun (Jul–Aug 2017) 19379:Lebanese border clashes 19273:Northern border clashes 19234:Northwest clashes (Dec) 19214:Jabal al-Bishrī clashes 19116:Kafr-Takharim airstrike 18965:Northern border clashes 18686:March Damascus bombings 18651:Idlib clashes (Jan–Mar) 18604:Palmyra offensive (Dec) 18482:Palmyra offensive (Mar) 18315:Palmyra offensive (May) 18160:Battle of Tabqa Airbase 18155:Eastern Syria offensive 18038:Battle of al-Yaarubiyah 17167:, for 18 September 2016 17143:New York Times Magazine 17117:Oxford University Press 14172:New York Times Magazine 14168:"Aleppo After the Fall" 12076:. AFP. 19 February 2015 11744:Business Standard India 11094:. Rudaw. Archived from 9047:. BBC. 13 December 2013 8638:Daily News and Analysis 8574:. UPI. 6 September 2012 8216:(AFP), 15 November 2013 8049:9 December 2017 at the 7387:Siege of Eastern Ghouta 7176:Turkish Prime Minister 7147:French Foreign Ministry 7086:New York Times Magazine 7071:, and Hezbollah leader 6463:, water facilities and 6400:cutaneous leishmaniasis 6148:Russian Engineer Troops 5415:"double tap" airstrikes 5384:international community 5048:Australian intervention 4782:Russian Su-24 shootdown 4651:Iranian embassy bombing 4240:Northern border clashes 3989:(Nov. 2017 – Sep. 2018) 3905:Deir ez-Zor (2017–2019) 2850:Deir ez-Zor (2014–2017) 2288:Deir ez-Zor (2011–2014) 2096:Civil uprising in Syria 1980:September–December 2019 1965:September–December 2018 1950:September–December 2017 1935:September–December 2016 1890:September–December 2012 1875:September–December 2011 1744:1,000 al-Nusra fighters 1733:2,500 al-Nusra fighters 1729:15,000 fighters (2012) 1688:Army of Revolutionaries 1594:Syrian Turkmen Brigades 1167:National Defence Forces 1102:5th Mechanized Division 1065:4th Mechanized Division 1013:Kurdish Front commander 709:(al-Berri tribe leader) 531:Army of Revolutionaries 219:36.216667°N 37.166667°E 20640:Syrian detainee report 20526:UN supervision mission 20516:Friends of Syria Group 20438:Damaged heritage sites 19840:Democratic Union Party 19792:Jordanian intervention 19713:Syrian Patriotic Group 19542:Syrian Communist Party 19453:2020 Balyun airstrikes 19308:February 2018 incident 18955:Qamishli clashes (Sep) 18870:Operation Olive Branch 18711:Shayrat missile strike 18544:Aleppo summer campaign 18534:Battle of al-Rai (Aug) 18447:February Homs bombings 18305:Battle of Yarmouk Camp 18295:Second Battle of Idlib 18008:Khan al-Assal massacre 17971:Ghouta chemical attack 17353:Early insurgency phase 15843:The War in Five Sieges 15839:London Review of Books 15338:, Reuters, 13 May 2016 14633:. Hrw.org. 4 June 2013 13821:"The Siege of Aleppo?" 9173:Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi 7345:Ancient City of Aleppo 7225: 7159:Mohammad Emami Kashani 7054: 7037:The Syrian President, 6981: 6974:Al-Khusrawiyah Complex 6935:Great Mosque of Aleppo 6875:Great Mosque of Aleppo 6861: 6826: 6628:crime against humanity 6593: 6429: 6339: 6280:Second Battle of Idlib 6251:National Defence Force 6151: 6087: 6019: 5961: 5915: 5885: 5860:2015: War of attrition 5826:Operation Canopus Star 5782:In December 2012, the 5779: 5626:Democratic Union Party 5591: 5528: 5327:, the largest city in 5009:Operation Martyr Muath 5004:Jordanian intervention 4908:Foreign rebel fighters 4709:February 2018 incident 4641:Lebanese–Syrian border 4322:Second Idlib offensive 4315:Operation Peace Spring 4218:Idlib demilitarization 4203:Idlib demilitarization 4001:3rd Northwestern Syria 3984:Operation Olive Branch 3980:Rebels in retreat and 3782:Eastern Homs offensive 3243:2nd Northwestern Syria 3073:1st Northwestern Syria 2379:(May 2012 – Dec. 2013) 2119:Homs (May–August 2011) 1500:Imam al Hujja Regiment 1431:Kata'ib Dir' al-Wilaya 938:(YPJ senior commander) 771:Abdul Jabbar al-Oqaidi 537:Commanders and leaders 254:Ancient City of Aleppo 20645:Syrian media coverage 20521:Kofi Annan peace plan 19944:Êzîdxan Women's Units 19893:SDF military councils 19623:military intervention 19596:Hezbollah involvement 19551:Military and militias 19394:North Lebanon clashes 19155:Missile strikes (Jan) 19042:Missile strikes (Aug) 18960:Missile strikes (Sep) 18905:Missile strikes (Apr) 18900:Douma chemical attack 18751:Daraa offensive (Jun) 18442:Al-Shaddadi offensive 18380:Tishrin Dam offensive 18260:Daraa Offensive (Jan) 18255:Air Force An-26 crash 18197:Daraa offensive (Oct) 18081:Deir ez-Zor offensive 17947:Battle of Raqqa (Mar) 17747:First Battle of Idlib 17571:Human rights in Syria 17445:Kurdish Area in Syria 17261:Background and causes 16921:on 16 September 2016. 14895:on 21 September 2021. 14889:Amnesty International 13777:The National Interest 13354:(in European Spanish) 12302:. AFP. Archived from 8188:. NOW. Archived from 7231:on 16 December 2016, 7216: 7077:Saint Elias Cathedral 7075:. A Mass was held in 7052: 6971: 6915:Carlton Citadel Hotel 6857: 6824: 6791:Amnesty International 6758:Zeid Ra'ad Al Hussein 6620:forced disappearances 6602:Amnesty International 6584: 6534:Amnesty International 6477:humanitarian supplies 6445:Amnesty International 6437:Zeid Ra'ad Al Hussein 6425: 6419:Further information: 6337: 6146: 6138:launched an offensive 6025: 6017: 5945: 5909: 5883: 5762: 5618:Saladin Ayubi Brigade 5589: 5511: 4982:2014 rescue operation 4656:North Lebanon clashes 4308:First Idlib offensive 4123:3rd Southern Damascus 4096:2nd Southern Damascus 4043:1st Southern Damascus 3707:18th Aleppo offensive 3671:17th Aleppo offensive 3658:16th Aleppo offensive 3638:15th Aleppo offensive 3628:Deir ez-Zor airstrike 3547:4th Latakia offensive 3249:3rd Latakia offensive 2957:U.S.-led intervention 2934:U.S.-led intervention 2817:2nd Latakia offensive 2683:1st Latakia offensive 2226:Syrian–Turkish border 2017:Background and causes 1759:31,273 overall deaths 1754:Casualties and losses 1652:Harakat Sham al-Islam 1336:Russian Ground Forces 1229:Special Mission Units 1179:Local Defence Forces 1097:4th Armoured Division 835:Yussef Al-Abbas 323:(from September 2015) 20717:Cluster bomb attacks 20553:Geneva II conference 20511:Arab League monitors 20488:Spillover in Lebanon 20397:2018 local elections 20362:2011 local elections 20142:Fahd Jassem al-Freij 19903:Liwa Thuwar al-Raqqa 19729:Syrian National Army 19703:Syrian Support Group 19229:Operation Claw-Sword 19204:Battle of al-Hasakah 18950:As-Suwayda (Aug-Nov) 18791:Hama offensive (Sep) 18641:January Azaz bombing 18554:5 September bombings 18325:Tell Abyad offensive 18123:Battle of Al-Malihah 18023:Battle of Tell Abyad 18018:Battle of Ras al-Ayn 17769:May Battle of Rastan 17566:Damascus Declaration 17410:Russian intervention 17368:Syrian peace process 17358:2012–2013 escalation 17341:Phases and processes 17281:Inter-rebel conflict 17266:Syrian peace process 16675:Standing with Aleppo 16344:on 11 September 2012 15584:on 27 December 2016. 12434:David, Jean Claude. 12306:on 29 September 2018 11345:on 29 September 2018 11266:. 11 February 2016. 11098:on 11 September 2012 10922:. 8 September 2012. 10816:on 29 September 2018 10226:The Washington Times 10064:. Atlantic Council. 9273:on 25 September 2013 8967:. longwarjournal.org 8557:– via YouTube. 8343:on 28 September 2018 8126:. 18 November 2013. 7178:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan 7067:, Russian President 6743:improvised artillery 6127:started an offensive 5998:2016 Aleppo campaign 5956:launches rockets at 5656:Course of the battle 5419:improvised artillery 5343:groups, such as the 4992:2017 missile strikes 4889:Iran–Israel conflict 4879:Iranian intervention 4671:Turkish F4 shootdown 4554:3rd Northern clashes 4544:2nd Northern clashes 4533:Northwestern clashes 4116:2nd Eastern Qalamoun 3613:1st Eastern Qalamoun 3444:8th Aleppo offensive 3380:2nd Maarat al-Nu'man 3329:7th Aleppo offensive 3308:al-Qamishli bombings 3303:2nd Al-Shaykh Maskin 3282:6th Aleppo offensive 3265:5th Aleppo offensive 3232:Russian intervention 3217:Russian intervention 3138:4th Aleppo offensive 3003:3rd Aleppo offensive 2993:1st Al-Shaykh Maskin 2978:2014 Idlib city raid 2767:Inter-rebel conflict 2541:Abu al-Duhur Airbase 2526:Nubl & Al-Zahraa 2477:2nd Aleppo offensive 2471:1st Aleppo offensive 2134:1st Jisr ash-Shughur 1920:August–December 2015 1910:August–December 2014 1799:class=notpageimage| 1389:Ammar Yasser Brigade 1293:Russian Armed Forces 1244:Iranian Armed Forces 1150:Desert Hawks Brigade 687:Jabbar Drisawi 648:(Governor of Aleppo) 614:Alexander Zhuravlyov 290:Syrian Arab Republic 224:36.216667; 37.166667 82:buildings after the 20443:Foreign involvement 20322:Abdurrahman Mustafa 20277:Yassin al-Haj Saleh 20242:Abdul Halim Khaddam 19754:Army of Free Tribes 19722:Opposition militias 19613:Russian involvement 19601:Iranian involvement 19558:Syrian Armed Forces 19337:Operation al-Shabah 19303:March 2017 incident 19022:Tell Rifaat clashes 18838:Beit Jinn offensive 18831:Abu Kamal offensive 18771:Idlib clashes (Jul) 18741:East Hama offensive 18462:Battle of Tel Abyad 18202:Al-Safira offensive 18192:Homs school bombing 17981:Battle of al-Qusayr 17976:Al-Qusayr offensive 17779:Battle of al-Haffah 17752:Battle of al-Qusayr 17628:May Talkalakh siege 17536:Corrective Movement 17415:Turkish involvement 17405:Russian involvement 17037:on 20 December 2016 16963:Wall Street Journal 16595:The Washington Post 16141:(27 October 2016). 16119:on 24 December 2016 16101:. 13 December 2016. 16081:. 13 December 2016. 15986:. 25 December 2016. 15954:. 26 December 2016. 15862:The Daily Telegraph 15795:. 30 September 2012 15578:The Washington Post 15432:, pp. 102–103. 15305:, 12 December 2014. 15238:The Times of Israel 14865:on 14 February 2017 13936:on 20 December 2014 13883:on 17 December 2016 13428:. 22 February 2018. 13336:. 22 December 2016. 13318:. 22 December 2016. 13300:. 21 December 2016. 13282:. 21 December 2016. 13264:. 18 December 2016. 12947:Staff, Al Jazeera. 12742:. academia.edu: 109 12389:on 26 December 2015 11846:. 10 November 2014. 11716:. 8 November 2013. 11288:. BBC. October 2015 11175:on 15 November 2018 10412:on 24 December 2016 10020:The Washington Post 9989:. 13 February 2017. 9917:on 21 November 2016 9798:. 21 November 2016. 9485:www.crisisgroup.org 9316:on 1 September 2013 9097:. 20 February 2013. 9019:Hürriyet Daily News 8918:on 25 December 2015 8786:Wall Street Journal 8274:The Daily Telegraph 7806:. 12 December 2016. 7522:The Washington Post 7243:The Washington Post 7167:Mir-Hossein Mousavi 6946:The Washington Post 6651:UN Security Council 6600:, then-director of 6551:Middle East Monitor 6515:UN Security Council 5810:On 8 November, the 5498:UN General Assembly 5446:World Heritage Site 5240:Southern offensives 5043:French intervention 5038:German intervention 4913:Turkish involvement 4884:2017 missile strike 4874:Russian involvement 4816:Spillover in Europe 4777:Spillover in Turkey 4757:2017 Tehran attacks 4507:3rd Al-Hasakah city 3572:3rd Al-Hasakah City 3494:Jableh & Tartus 3484:3rd Shaer gas field 3350:2nd Sayyidah Zaynab 3323:1st Sayyidah Zaynab 3128:2nd Al-Hasakah city 3096:1st Al-Hasakah city 3033:Hama/Homs offensive 3013:4th Daraa offensive 2988:2nd Shaer gas field 2968:3rd Daraa offensive 2963:Homs school bombing 2856:1st Shaer gas field 2812:2nd Daraa offensive 2755:(Jan. – Sept. 2014) 2653:Al-Qusayr offensive 2621:1st Daraa offensive 2191:Start of insurgency 2139:1st Jabal al-Zawiya 2129:Rastan and Talbiseh 2098:(March–August 2011) 1638:Jabhat Ansar al-Din 1407:Kata'ib al-Imam Ali 1366:Iraqi Shia militias 1036:Syrian Armed Forces 856:Khaled Hayani 845:(al-Tawhid Brigade) 831:(al-Tawhid Brigade) 743:Mohammad Rafi 550:Ali Abdullah Ayyoub 364:Iraqi Shia militias 215: / 20722:Iranian war crimes 20262:Ali Mahmoud Othman 19708:Adopt a Revolution 19671:National Coalition 19663:Interim government 19263:Damascus airstrike 19170:US airstrike (Jun) 19160:US airstrike (Feb) 19126:Deir ez-Zor ambush 19067:Qah missile strike 18945:As-Suwayda attacks 18940:Southern offensive 18781:Qalamoun (Jul–Aug) 18691:Al-Jinah airstrike 18457:Khanasir offensive 18177:Quneitra offensive 17937:Damascus offensive 17932:Battle of Shadadeh 17794:Battle of Damascus 17784:Al-Qubeir massacre 17762:Battle of Taftanaz 17673:Battle of Zabadani 17173:, a Report by the 17063:. 20 January 2017. 16936:. Associated Press 16895:on 28 October 2020 16793:. BBC. 22 May 2014 16569:. 17 December 2016 16218:. 13 November 2012 16192:on 28 January 2015 15221:. 12 January 2017. 15195:. 13 December 2016 15162:The New York Times 14631:Human Rights Watch 14292:. 30 November 2016 14057:The New York Times 13984:. 15 December 2014 13446:. 17 February 2020 13380:. 20 February 2018 13068:on 5 October 2016. 12872:on 7 November 2020 12842:on 5 February 2016 12650:on 7 February 2019 12491:Al Jazeera English 12102:. 19 February 2015 12100:The New York Times 12050:. Associated Press 12028:. 17 February 2015 12002:on 28 January 2015 11971:on 28 January 2015 11940:on 28 January 2015 11909:on 2 February 2015 11798:on 28 January 2015 11583:. 28 February 2013 11376:on 3 February 2016 11049:. 7 September 2012 10563:The New York Times 10517:" BBC 22 July 2016 10375:The New York Times 9945:. 21 October 2016. 9816:. 5 December 2016. 9780:. 28 October 2017. 9745:The New York Times 9620:. 4 December 2016. 9528:The New York Times 9458:on 6 November 2012 9429:on 5 December 2018 9021:. 2 September 2012 8714:on 4 February 2017 8512:. 8 September 2012 8310:on 20 October 2015 7855:on 24 October 2014 7707:. 21 December 2016 7210:, manipulation of 7055: 6982: 6834:Kurdish-led forces 6827: 6694:, a report by the 6690:In February 2017, 6643:incendiary weapons 6507:Human Rights Watch 6503:Human Rights Watch 6485:Human Rights Watch 6340: 6310:The role of Turkey 6269:Staffan de Mistura 6258:Siege of Wadi Deif 6234:Siege of Leningrad 6205:Strategic analysis 6177:Turkey's offensive 6152: 6088: 6020: 5962: 5916: 5886: 5780: 5643:Russian airstrikes 5592: 5529: 5439:Old City of Aleppo 5409:, the dropping of 5235:Northern offensive 5218:Kuweires offensive 4999:Qatari involvement 4753:Spillover in Iran 4549:Deir ez-Zor (2023) 4145:2nd Southern Syria 3940:7th Hama offensive 3923:Euphrates Crossing 3818:Aleppo bus bombing 3793:6th Hama offensive 3664:2nd Raqqa campaign 3653:2nd Western al-Bab 3618:September bombings 3608:1st Western al-Bab 3602:5th Hama offensive 3513:2nd Ithriyah-Raqqa 3335:1st Ithriyah-Raqqa 3288:4th Hama offensive 3175:Kuweires offensive 2983:Nusra–FSA conflict 2875:3rd Hama offensive 2673:2nd Hama offensive 2610:1st Raqqa campaign 2580:1st Hama offensive 1970:January–April 2019 1955:January–April 2018 1940:January–April 2017 1925:January–April 2016 1895:January–April 2013 1880:January–April 2012 1865:January–April 2011 1721:1,500 NDF fighters 1582:Army of Mujahideen 911:Nasif Ismail 875:Abu Khalid al-Suri 584:(Major General of 197:Aleppo Governorate 20689: 20688: 20667: 20666: 20663: 20662: 20620:Exclusive mandate 20597:War crimes trials 20568:2016 Geneva talks 20335: 20334: 20327:Fadlallah al-Haji 20282:Bouthaina Shaaban 20065: 20064: 20061: 20060: 20057: 20056: 19952: 19951: 19883:Al-Sanadid Forces 19878:Anti-Terror Units 19815: 19814: 19648: 19647: 19563:Syrian Resistance 19519:Politics of Syria 19491: 19490: 19487: 19486: 19483: 19482: 19258:Al-Sukhnah attack 19219:Jarqli airstrikes 19101:COVID-19 pandemic 19057:November bombings 18875:Battle of Khasham 18821:Mayadin offensive 18806:Battle of Harasta 18676:Palmyra offensive 18360:Al-Hawl offensive 18320:Qamishli bombings 18118:Latakia Offensive 18076:Battle of Markada 17889:Battle of Darayya 17865:Battle of Darayya 17789:Battle of Tremseh 17608:Syrian Revolution 17541:Islamist uprising 17493: 17492: 17489: 17488: 17348:Syrian revolution 17291:Cities and towns 16850:on 6 October 2014 16844:Al Akhbar English 16761:Al Akhbar English 16267:(7 August 2012). 16043:The Straits Times 15951:Independent.co.uk 15922:Los Angeles Times 15598:, 6 February 2014 15267:. 31 October 2016 14755:on 20 August 2015 14241:. 8 November 2023 13147:The Straits Times 13042:on 5 October 2016 12953:www.aljazeera.com 12928:on 16 August 2016 12811:on 13 August 2018 12712:on 13 August 2018 12681:on 13 August 2018 11862:www.aljazeera.com 11238:on 27 August 2018 10349:www.aljazeera.com 10071:978-1-61977-449-0 10039:independent.co.uk 9942:Independent.co.uk 9891:on 7 October 2016 9175:(6 August 2019). 8944:. 21 October 2014 8393:, 5 November 2012 8255:on 17 March 2014. 8192:on 3 October 2018 8073:on 8 January 2014 8056:, 3 November 2013 7891:on 1 January 2020 7824:on 1 October 2015 7298:German government 7248:siege of Sarajevo 7220:history of Aleppo 7094:Foreign reactions 7033:Domestic reaction 6891:Citadel of Aleppo 6877:being damaged by 6576:According to the 6513:In May 2014, the 5907: 5731: 5650:Russian warplanes 5533:al-Tawhid Brigade 5411:cluster munitions 5333:Syrian opposition 5317: 5309:مَعْرَكَةُ حَلَبَ 5294: 5293: 5251:Summer offensives 5112:Combat operations 5065: 5064: 5061: 5060: 5033:Dutch involvement 5021:Saudi involvement 4824: 4823: 4792:Balyun airstrikes 4714:May 2018 incident 4676:Reyhanlı bombings 4636:Lebanon spillover 4589: 4588: 4559:Homs drone strike 4429: 4428: 4380:Northern bombings 4274: 4273: 4169: 4168: 4030:3rd Syrian Desert 3948: 3947: 3912:2nd Eastern Syria 3833:2nd Syrian Desert 3812:US Shayrat strike 3735: 3734: 3687:1st Syrian Desert 3422:Aleppo escalation 3388: 3387: 3183: 3182: 2900: 2899: 2862:1st Eastern Syria 2718: 2717: 2678:Bayda and Baniyas 2340: 2339: 2157: 2156: 1915:January–July 2015 1905:January–July 2014 1900:May–December 2013 1810: 1809: 1763: 1642: 1515: 1511:Al-Tawhid Brigade 1455:Badr Organisation 1443:Kata'ib Hezbollah 1402:Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq 1354: 1312:Russian Air Force 1176: 1124:80th Army Brigade 1002:Yusuf Kahia 978: 966: 952: 939: 922: 908: 888: 871: 846: 832: 815: 802:Abdul Qader Saleh 791: 783:Taufik Shiabuddin 776: 757: 733: 710: 701:Zaino Berri 698: 677: 666:Abbas Samii 649: 634: 619: 604: 589: 570: 555: 485: 473: 441: 425:Syrian Resistance 415: 368: 354: 340: 324: 308: 271: 270: 48:مَعْرَكَةُ حَلَبَ 16:(Redirected from 20824: 20679: 20678: 20453:Humanitarian aid 20433:Chemical weapons 20428:Cities and towns 20352: 20351: 20341: 20340: 20297:Fadwa Souleimane 20287:Abdulbaset Sieda 20267:Ibrahim Qashoush 20257:Ali Habib Mahmud 20167:Hamza al-Khateeb 20162:Kamal al-Labwani 20152:Haitham al-Maleh 20147:Suheil al-Hassan 20085:Ammar Abdulhamid 20071: 20070: 20044:Malhama Tactical 20029:Caucasus Emirate 19963: 19962: 19828: 19827: 19734:Free Syrian Army 19659: 19658: 19515: 19514: 19508: 19507: 19497: 19496: 19290: 19289: 19247: 19193: 19139: 19121:Ayn Issa clashes 19090: 18978: 18851: 18776:Central campaign 18671:Qaboun offensive 18617: 18594:Battle of al-Bab 18517:Manbij offensive 18398: 18240: 18103:Al-Otaiba ambush 18056: 17927:Battle of Safira 17912: 17882:Halfaya massacre 17833:Darayya massacre 17816:Siege of Base 46 17811:Battle of Anadan 17806:Battle of Aleppo 17742:Battle of Rastan 17718: 17690:Battle of Rastan 17658:Siege of Latakia 17623:Siege of Baniyas 17589: 17546:Latakia protests 17512: 17511: 17499: 17498: 17251:Syrian civil war 17231: 17230: 17220: 17219: 17212:Syrian civil war 17205: 17198: 17191: 17182: 17181: 17130: 17105: 17099: 17089: 17084:. Backgrounder. 17083: 17065: 17064: 17053: 17047: 17046: 17044: 17042: 17033:. Archived from 17022: 17016: 17015: 17013: 17011: 17000: 16994: 16993: 16991: 16989: 16973: 16967: 16966: 16960: 16952: 16946: 16945: 16943: 16941: 16929: 16923: 16922: 16911: 16905: 16904: 16902: 16900: 16884: 16878: 16877: 16866: 16860: 16859: 16857: 16855: 16846:. Archived from 16836: 16830: 16829: 16827: 16825: 16809: 16803: 16802: 16800: 16798: 16783: 16777: 16776: 16774: 16772: 16763:. 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Archived from 15733: 15727: 15726: 15724: 15722: 15708: 15699: 15698: 15696: 15694: 15680: 15674: 15673: 15671: 15669: 15655: 15649: 15648: 15641: 15635: 15634: 15627: 15621: 15620: 15618: 15616: 15605: 15599: 15592: 15586: 15585: 15570: 15564: 15563: 15561: 15559: 15544: 15538: 15537: 15526: 15520: 15519: 15508: 15502: 15501: 15490: 15484: 15483: 15481: 15479: 15468: 15462: 15461: 15459: 15457: 15442: 15433: 15427: 15421: 15414: 15408: 15407: 15396: 15390: 15389: 15387: 15385: 15374: 15365: 15364: 15362: 15360: 15345: 15339: 15333: 15324: 15312: 15306: 15296: 15290: 15283: 15277: 15276: 15274: 15272: 15255: 15249: 15248: 15246: 15244: 15229: 15223: 15222: 15211: 15205: 15204: 15202: 15200: 15185: 15179: 15172: 15166: 15165: 15153: 15147: 15141: 15135: 15129: 15123: 15122: 15120: 15118: 15107: 15101: 15100: 15088: 15082: 15081: 15079: 15077: 15066: 15060: 15059: 15057: 15055: 15044: 15038: 15037: 15035: 15033: 15022: 15013: 15012: 15010: 15008: 14997: 14991: 14990: 14988: 14986: 14975: 14969: 14968: 14966: 14964: 14950: 14944: 14943: 14941: 14939: 14925: 14919: 14918: 14916: 14914: 14903: 14897: 14896: 14881: 14875: 14874: 14872: 14870: 14864: 14857: 14849: 14836: 14835: 14833: 14831: 14826:. Anadolu Agency 14820: 14814: 14813: 14811: 14809: 14794: 14788: 14787: 14785: 14783: 14771: 14765: 14764: 14762: 14760: 14745: 14739: 14738: 14736: 14734: 14723: 14717: 14716: 14714: 14712: 14701: 14692: 14691: 14689: 14687: 14676: 14670: 14669: 14667: 14665: 14649: 14643: 14642: 14640: 14638: 14623: 14617: 14616: 14614: 14612: 14598: 14592: 14591: 14589: 14587: 14576: 14570: 14569: 14567: 14565: 14560:. 1 October 2016 14550: 14544: 14543: 14541: 14539: 14528: 14522: 14521: 14519: 14517: 14506: 14497: 14496: 14494: 14492: 14481: 14475: 14474: 14472: 14470: 14459: 14453: 14452: 14450: 14448: 14433: 14427: 14426: 14424: 14422: 14411: 14405: 14404: 14394: 14384: 14360: 14354: 14353: 14351: 14349: 14334: 14328: 14327: 14325: 14323: 14318:. 15 August 2016 14308: 14302: 14301: 14299: 14297: 14282: 14276: 14275: 14273: 14271: 14265: 14257: 14251: 14250: 14248: 14246: 14229: 14223: 14222: 14208: 14202: 14201: 14199: 14197: 14182: 14176: 14175: 14163: 14152: 14151: 14149: 14147: 14132: 14126: 14125: 14119: 14117: 14101: 14095: 14094: 14092: 14090: 14085:on 16 April 2015 14074: 14068: 14067: 14065: 14063: 14048: 14042: 14041: 14039: 14037: 14026: 14020: 14019: 14017: 14015: 14000: 13994: 13993: 13991: 13989: 13974: 13968: 13967: 13965: 13963: 13952: 13946: 13945: 13943: 13941: 13925: 13919: 13918: 13916: 13914: 13899: 13893: 13892: 13890: 13888: 13879:. Archived from 13868: 13862: 13861: 13859: 13857: 13842: 13836: 13835: 13833: 13831: 13816: 13810: 13809: 13807: 13805: 13794: 13788: 13787: 13785: 13783: 13768: 13762: 13761: 13759: 13757: 13742: 13736: 13735: 13733: 13731: 13715: 13709: 13708: 13706: 13704: 13684: 13678: 13677: 13675: 13673: 13658: 13656: 13654: 13643: 13637: 13636: 13634: 13632: 13618: 13616: 13614: 13603: 13601: 13599: 13593:Washington Times 13584: 13578: 13577: 13575: 13573: 13558: 13552: 13551: 13549: 13547: 13536: 13530: 13529: 13527: 13525: 13514: 13508: 13507: 13505: 13503: 13492: 13486: 13485: 13483: 13481: 13462: 13456: 13455: 13453: 13451: 13436: 13430: 13429: 13418: 13412: 13411: 13409: 13407: 13396: 13390: 13389: 13387: 13385: 13370: 13364: 13363: 13361: 13359: 13352:prensa-latina.cu 13344: 13338: 13337: 13326: 13320: 13319: 13308: 13302: 13301: 13290: 13284: 13283: 13272: 13266: 13265: 13254: 13248: 13247: 13236: 13230: 13229: 13227: 13225: 13214: 13208: 13207: 13205: 13203: 13192: 13186: 13185: 13183: 13181: 13172:. Archived from 13165: 13159: 13158: 13156: 13154: 13139: 13133: 13132: 13121: 13115: 13114: 13112: 13110: 13095: 13089: 13088: 13076: 13070: 13069: 13058: 13052: 13051: 13049: 13047: 13038:. Archived from 13032: 13023: 13022: 13020: 13018: 13007: 13001: 13000: 12998: 12996: 12981: 12975: 12974: 12963: 12957: 12956: 12944: 12938: 12937: 12935: 12933: 12924:. Archived from 12918: 12912: 12911: 12909: 12907: 12888: 12882: 12881: 12879: 12877: 12858: 12852: 12851: 12849: 12847: 12838:. Archived from 12827: 12821: 12820: 12818: 12816: 12807:. Archived from 12796: 12790: 12789: 12777: 12771: 12770: 12758: 12752: 12751: 12749: 12747: 12731: 12722: 12721: 12719: 12717: 12708:. Archived from 12697: 12691: 12690: 12688: 12686: 12677:. Archived from 12666: 12660: 12659: 12657: 12655: 12646:. Archived from 12636: 12630: 12629: 12627: 12625: 12605: 12599: 12598: 12596: 12594: 12579: 12573: 12572: 12561: 12555: 12554: 12553:on 21 June 2015. 12549:. Archived from 12538: 12532: 12531: 12530:on 18 June 2015. 12526:. Archived from 12515: 12509: 12508: 12501: 12495: 12494: 12483: 12477: 12476: 12474: 12472: 12457: 12451: 12450: 12448: 12446: 12431: 12425: 12424: 12422: 12420: 12405: 12399: 12398: 12396: 12394: 12375: 12369: 12368: 12366: 12364: 12358: 12349: 12343: 12342: 12340: 12338: 12333:on 15 April 2015 12322: 12316: 12315: 12313: 12311: 12291: 12285: 12284: 12282: 12280: 12261: 12255: 12254: 12252: 12250: 12245:on 18 March 2015 12241:. Archived from 12231: 12225: 12224: 12222: 12220: 12215:on 20 March 2015 12211:. Archived from 12201: 12195: 12194: 12192: 12190: 12174: 12168: 12167: 12165: 12163: 12148: 12142: 12141: 12139: 12137: 12121: 12112: 12111: 12109: 12107: 12092: 12086: 12085: 12083: 12081: 12066: 12060: 12059: 12057: 12055: 12044: 12038: 12037: 12035: 12033: 12018: 12012: 12011: 12009: 12007: 11998:. Archived from 11987: 11981: 11980: 11978: 11976: 11967:. Archived from 11956: 11950: 11949: 11947: 11945: 11936:. Archived from 11925: 11919: 11918: 11916: 11914: 11905:. Archived from 11894: 11888: 11887: 11885: 11883: 11872: 11866: 11865: 11854: 11848: 11847: 11844:The Toronto Star 11836: 11830: 11829: 11827: 11825: 11814: 11808: 11807: 11805: 11803: 11788: 11782: 11781: 11779: 11777: 11762: 11756: 11755: 11753: 11751: 11736: 11730: 11729: 11727: 11725: 11706: 11700: 11699: 11697: 11695: 11684: 11678: 11677: 11675: 11673: 11662: 11656: 11655: 11653: 11651: 11642:. 16 June 2013. 11632: 11626: 11625: 11623: 11621: 11607: 11599: 11593: 11592: 11590: 11588: 11573: 11567: 11566: 11564: 11562: 11548: 11542: 11541: 11539: 11537: 11526: 11520: 11519: 11517: 11515: 11500: 11494: 11493: 11491: 11489: 11473: 11464: 11463: 11461: 11459: 11454:on 5 August 2012 11444: 11438: 11437: 11435: 11433: 11418: 11412: 11411: 11409: 11407: 11392: 11386: 11385: 11383: 11381: 11372:. Archived from 11361: 11355: 11354: 11352: 11350: 11331: 11325: 11324: 11322: 11320: 11304: 11298: 11297: 11295: 11293: 11278: 11272: 11271: 11261: 11254: 11248: 11247: 11245: 11243: 11228: 11222: 11221: 11205: 11199: 11198: 11191: 11185: 11184: 11182: 11180: 11165: 11159: 11158: 11151: 11145: 11144: 11137: 11131: 11130: 11128: 11126: 11114: 11108: 11107: 11105: 11103: 11087: 11081: 11080: 11078: 11076: 11065: 11059: 11058: 11056: 11054: 11039: 11033: 11032: 11030: 11028: 11023:. 23 August 2012 11013: 11007: 11006: 11004: 11002: 10987: 10981: 10980: 10968: 10962: 10961: 10959: 10957: 10942: 10936: 10935: 10933: 10931: 10912: 10906: 10905: 10903: 10901: 10886: 10880: 10879: 10877: 10875: 10860: 10854: 10853: 10851: 10849: 10832: 10826: 10825: 10823: 10821: 10802: 10796: 10795: 10793: 10791: 10775: 10769: 10768: 10766: 10764: 10752: 10746: 10745: 10743: 10741: 10725: 10719: 10718: 10716: 10714: 10698: 10692: 10691: 10689: 10687: 10676: 10670: 10669: 10667: 10665: 10650: 10644: 10643: 10641: 10639: 10634:. 21 August 2012 10624: 10618: 10617: 10615: 10613: 10601: 10592: 10591: 10589: 10587: 10572: 10566: 10555: 10549: 10548: 10546: 10544: 10524: 10518: 10511: 10500: 10499: 10497: 10495: 10480: 10474: 10473: 10471: 10469: 10454: 10448: 10447: 10445: 10443: 10438:. 15 August 2016 10428: 10422: 10421: 10419: 10417: 10397: 10388: 10387: 10385: 10383: 10366: 10360: 10359: 10357: 10355: 10341: 10335: 10334: 10332: 10330: 10315: 10304: 10303: 10301: 10299: 10288: 10282: 10281: 10279: 10277: 10262: 10256: 10255: 10253: 10251: 10236: 10230: 10229: 10218: 10212: 10211: 10209: 10207: 10196: 10185: 10184: 10174: 10166: 10160: 10159: 10157: 10155: 10144: 10135: 10134: 10132: 10130: 10119: 10110: 10109: 10097: 10091: 10090: 10088: 10086: 10081:on 13 April 2019 10080: 10074:. Archived from 10063: 10052: 10043: 10042: 10030: 10024: 10023: 10011: 10005: 10004: 9997: 9991: 9990: 9979: 9973: 9972: 9970: 9968: 9953: 9947: 9946: 9933: 9927: 9926: 9924: 9922: 9907: 9901: 9900: 9898: 9896: 9877: 9871: 9870: 9868: 9866: 9851: 9845: 9844: 9842: 9840: 9824: 9818: 9817: 9806: 9800: 9799: 9788: 9782: 9781: 9770: 9764: 9763: 9755: 9749: 9748: 9736: 9730: 9724: 9718: 9717: 9715: 9713: 9690: 9684: 9683: 9673: 9665: 9659: 9658: 9646: 9636: 9628: 9622: 9621: 9610: 9604: 9603: 9601: 9599: 9584: 9578: 9577: 9565: 9559: 9558: 9556: 9554: 9538: 9532: 9531: 9519: 9510: 9503: 9497: 9496: 9494: 9492: 9477: 9468: 9467: 9465: 9463: 9448: 9439: 9438: 9436: 9434: 9419: 9406: 9405: 9403: 9401: 9390: 9381: 9380: 9378: 9376: 9361: 9355: 9354: 9352: 9350: 9335: 9326: 9325: 9323: 9321: 9312:. Archived from 9302: 9300: 9298: 9282: 9280: 9278: 9269:. Archived from 9258: 9252: 9251: 9249: 9247: 9231: 9225: 9224: 9222: 9220: 9208: 9202: 9201: 9194: 9188: 9187: 9185: 9183: 9169: 9163: 9162: 9153: 9147: 9146: 9144: 9142: 9127: 9121: 9120: 9118: 9116: 9105: 9099: 9098: 9094:Long War Journal 9085: 9079: 9078: 9066: 9057: 9056: 9054: 9052: 9037: 9031: 9030: 9028: 9026: 9016: 9008: 8999: 8998: 8996: 8994: 8983: 8977: 8976: 8974: 8972: 8960: 8954: 8953: 8951: 8949: 8934: 8928: 8927: 8925: 8923: 8904: 8893: 8892: 8890: 8888: 8873: 8867: 8866: 8855: 8849: 8848: 8846: 8844: 8838: 8831: 8822: 8813: 8812: 8810: 8808: 8796: 8790: 8789: 8777: 8771: 8770: 8768: 8766: 8756: 8750: 8749: 8747: 8745: 8730: 8724: 8723: 8721: 8719: 8704: 8698: 8697: 8692: 8690: 8678: 8672: 8671: 8659: 8650: 8649: 8647: 8645: 8628: 8615: 8614: 8612: 8610: 8593: 8584: 8583: 8581: 8579: 8568: 8559: 8558: 8550: 8544: 8543: 8541: 8539: 8534:. Abcnews.go.com 8528: 8522: 8521: 8519: 8517: 8502: 8496: 8495: 8493: 8491: 8475: 8469: 8468: 8466: 8464: 8448: 8442: 8441: 8439: 8437: 8421: 8412: 8411: 8400: 8394: 8385: 8379: 8378: 8376: 8374: 8369:on 11 April 2017 8359: 8353: 8352: 8350: 8348: 8329: 8320: 8319: 8317: 8315: 8306:. Archived from 8296: 8290: 8289: 8287: 8285: 8271: 8263: 8257: 8256: 8245: 8239: 8238: 8236: 8234: 8223: 8217: 8208: 8202: 8201: 8199: 8197: 8177: 8171: 8170: 8168: 8166: 8146: 8140: 8139: 8137: 8135: 8116: 8110: 8109: 8107: 8105: 8089: 8083: 8082: 8080: 8078: 8063: 8057: 8041: 8035: 8034: 8032: 8030: 8021:. Archived from 8010: 8004: 8003: 8001: 7999: 7987: 7981: 7980: 7978: 7976: 7966: 7960: 7959: 7957: 7955: 7941: 7935: 7934: 7932: 7930: 7919: 7913: 7907: 7901: 7900: 7898: 7896: 7887:. Archived from 7876: 7865: 7864: 7862: 7860: 7851:. Archived from 7840: 7834: 7833: 7831: 7829: 7814: 7808: 7807: 7796: 7790: 7789: 7787: 7785: 7770: 7764: 7763: 7761: 7759: 7744: 7735: 7734: 7723: 7717: 7716: 7714: 7712: 7697: 7684: 7683: 7672: 7666: 7660: 7654: 7653: 7651: 7649: 7634: 7628: 7627: 7625: 7623: 7611: 7605: 7604: 7602: 7600: 7588: 7582: 7581: 7579: 7577: 7571:Long War Journal 7562: 7533: 7532: 7530: 7528: 7513: 7507: 7506: 7504: 7502: 7487: 7458: 7455: 7413:Battle of al-Bab 7368: 7363: 7362: 7274: 7262: 7073:Hassan Nasrallah 7002: 6990: 6959:apartment blocks 6933:. Damage to the 6906:Hague Convention 6881:. Fighting with 6855:magazine wrote: 6807:Viktor Poznikhir 6727: 6715: 6696:Atlantic Council 6634:Chemical attacks 6605: 6439: 6355:(1,549 deaths), 6263:Suheil Al Hassan 6084: 6070: 6060: 6050: 6040: 6033:Syrian Arab Army 6030: 5908: 5743:, September 2012 5737:Conquest Brigade 5733: 5732: 5715: 5704:Free Syrian Army 5700: 5603:Syrian Arab Army 5537:Free Syrian Army 5458:Syrian Civil War 5407:Syrian Air Force 5373:Syrian Civil War 5337:Free Syrian Army 5322: 5312: 5310: 5301:Battle of Aleppo 5104: 5102: 5101:Battle of Aleppo 5092: 5085: 5078: 5069: 5068: 4928:Euphrates Shield 4861: 4859: 4849: 4842: 4835: 4826: 4825: 4626: 4624: 4614: 4607: 4600: 4591: 4590: 4462: 4454: 4447: 4440: 4431: 4430: 4396:5th Northwestern 4348:Raqqa & Azaz 4337:4th Northwestern 4326: 4323: 4316: 4309: 4299: 4292: 4285: 4276: 4275: 4246:Daraa insurgency 4208: 4204: 4194: 4187: 4180: 4171: 4170: 4080:10th Rif Dimashq 3990: 3985: 3973: 3966: 3959: 3950: 3949: 3918:Deir ez-Zor city 3772: 3767:Collapse of the 3760: 3753: 3746: 3737: 3736: 3434: 3431: 3429:Euphrates Shield 3423: 3413: 3406: 3399: 3390: 3389: 3370:2nd Al-Qaryatayn 3221: 3218: 3208: 3201: 3194: 3185: 3184: 3160:1st al-Qaryatayn 3108:Daraa/As-Suwayda 3067:2nd Yarmouk camp 3057:Al-Fu'ah-Kafriya 2946: 2935: 2925: 2918: 2911: 2902: 2901: 2792:al-Otaiba ambush 2756: 2753: 2743: 2736: 2729: 2720: 2719: 2556:1st Yarmouk camp 2485:Syrian Kurdistan 2380: 2365: 2358: 2351: 2342: 2341: 2195: 2192: 2182: 2175: 2168: 2159: 2158: 2099: 2088: 2081: 2074: 2065: 2064: 1845: 1844:Syrian civil war 1836: 1829: 1822: 1813: 1812: 1792: 1791: 1785: 1761: 1739: 1704: 1703: 1686: 1685: 1684: 1673: 1672: 1671: 1662: 1661: 1660: 1641:(since mid-2014) 1640: 1636: 1635: 1634: 1617: 1616: 1615: 1610: 1609: 1608: 1592: 1591: 1590: 1580: 1579: 1578: 1553: 1552: 1551: 1541: 1540: 1539: 1529: 1528: 1527: 1513: 1499: 1498: 1497: 1489: 1488: 1487: 1478:Syrian Hezbollah 1466: 1465: 1464: 1453: 1452: 1451: 1441: 1440: 1439: 1429: 1428: 1427: 1419:Harakat al-Abdal 1417: 1416: 1415: 1400: 1399: 1398: 1383: 1382: 1381: 1364: 1363: 1362: 1352: 1346: 1345: 1344: 1334: 1333: 1332: 1322: 1321: 1320: 1310: 1309: 1308: 1291: 1290: 1289: 1261: 1260: 1259: 1242: 1241: 1221:Syrian Air Force 1219: 1218: 1217: 1190:al-Baqir Brigade 1188: 1187: 1186: 1174: 1165: 1164: 1163: 1148: 1138: 1137: 1136: 1112: 1111: 1110: 1095: 1083: 1075:Republican Guard 1073: 1063: 1053: 1052: 1051: 1034: 1033: 1032: 1014: 1008: 1001: 1000: 999: 994: 993: 992: 976: 974: 973: 972: 964: 961: 960: 959: 950: 947: 946: 945: 937: 934: 933: 932: 920: 917: 907:(Al-Nusra Front) 906: 904: 897: 896: 895: 886: 883: 865: 862: 855: 854: 853: 844: 841: 830: 827: 813: 810: 785: 782: 774: 769: 768: 767: 751: 749: 742: 741: 740: 731: 729: 721:Hossein Hamadani 719: 718: 717: 708: 706: 696: 693: 686: 685: 684: 675: 672: 665: 664: 663: 647: 642: 641: 640: 632: 627: 626: 625: 617: 612: 611: 610: 602: 597: 596: 595: 583: 578: 577: 576: 568: 563: 562: 561: 553: 548: 547: 546: 529: 528: 527: 518: 517: 516: 506: 505: 504: 495:Free Syrian Army 493: 492: 483: 479: 472:(since mid-2016) 471: 469:Army of Conquest 467: 466: 465: 458: 449: 448: 447: 439: 433: 423: 422: 421: 413: 409: 408: 407: 398: 397: 396: 389:Liwa Zainebiyoun 387: 386: 385: 376: 375: 374: 366: 362: 361: 352: 348: 347: 346: 338: 334: 327:Allied militias: 322: 316: 315: 314: 306: 300: 299: 298: 288: 287: 230: 229: 227: 226: 225: 220: 216: 213: 212: 211: 208: 175: 174: 164: 150: 140: 130: 120: 113:Syrian Arab Army 110: 88:Free Syrian Army 73: 67: 57:Syrian civil war 50: 49: 44:Battle of Aleppo 41: 40: 21: 20832: 20831: 20827: 20826: 20825: 20823: 20822: 20821: 20692: 20691: 20690: 20685: 20659: 20608: 20592: 20497: 20411: 20346: 20331: 20312:Razan Zaitouneh 20217:Burhan Ghalioun 20192:Ammar al-Qurabi 20100:al-Assad family 20090:Ali al-Abdallah 20076: 20053: 20039:Junud al-Makhdi 20034:Ajnad al-Kavkaz 20004: 19948: 19912: 19854: 19832:DFNS Government 19822: 19811: 19787:US intervention 19779:Foreign support 19773: 19717: 19644: 19606:Liwa Fatemiyoun 19588:Foreign support 19582: 19573:al-Quds Brigade 19546: 19502: 19479: 19462: 19403: 19384:Battle of Sidon 19364: 19346: 19317: 19277: 19248: 19243: 19238: 19194: 19189: 19184: 19140: 19135: 19130: 19091: 19086: 19081: 18987: 18983: 18979: 18974: 18969: 18860: 18856: 18852: 18847: 18842: 18746:Battle of Raqqa 18701:Battle of Tabqa 18626: 18622: 18618: 18613: 18608: 18574:Dabiq offensive 18522:Tokhar massacre 18407: 18403: 18399: 18394: 18389: 18330:Kobanî massacre 18290:Idlib Offensive 18285:Battle of Bosra 18245: 18241: 18236: 18231: 18187:Siege of Kobanî 18143:Battle of Arsal 18108:Idlib offensive 18088:Battle of Morek 18061: 18057: 18052: 18047: 17954:Daraa offensive 17917: 17913: 17908: 17903: 17855:Battle of Harem 17727: 17723: 17719: 17714: 17709: 17678:Battle of Douma 17598: 17594: 17590: 17585: 17580: 17551:Damascus Spring 17506: 17485: 17464: 17460:U.S. task force 17455:Rojava conflict 17393: 17372: 17336: 17305: 17225: 17214: 17209: 17137: 17127: 17097: 17081: 17073: 17068: 17055: 17054: 17050: 17040: 17038: 17023: 17019: 17009: 17007: 17002: 17001: 16997: 16987: 16985: 16974: 16970: 16953: 16949: 16939: 16937: 16930: 16926: 16913: 16912: 16908: 16898: 16896: 16885: 16881: 16868: 16867: 16863: 16853: 16851: 16838: 16837: 16833: 16823: 16821: 16820:on 11 July 2014 16810: 16806: 16796: 16794: 16785: 16784: 16780: 16770: 16768: 16755: 16754: 16750: 16740: 16738: 16736:AJE Live Events 16730: 16729: 16725: 16715: 16713: 16708: 16707: 16703: 16693: 16691: 16686: 16685: 16681: 16673: 16669: 16659: 16657: 16652: 16651: 16647: 16639: 16632: 16622: 16620: 16615: 16614: 16610: 16600: 16598: 16586: 16582: 16572: 16570: 16559: 16558: 16554: 16544: 16542: 16537: 16536: 16532: 16522: 16520: 16515: 16514: 16510: 16500: 16498: 16497:on 14 July 2015 16489: 16488: 16484: 16474: 16472: 16467: 16466: 16462: 16452: 16450: 16449:on 7 April 2014 16441: 16440: 16436: 16426: 16424: 16409: 16405: 16395: 16393: 16392:on 7 April 2014 16384: 16383: 16379: 16369: 16367: 16362: 16361: 16357: 16347: 16345: 16336: 16335: 16331: 16321: 16319: 16314: 16313: 16309: 16299: 16297: 16292: 16291: 16287: 16277: 16275: 16273:Washington Post 16261: 16257: 16247: 16245: 16244:on 29 July 2012 16236: 16235: 16231: 16221: 16219: 16210: 16209: 16205: 16195: 16193: 16180: 16179: 16175: 16166: 16165: 16161: 16151: 16149: 16136: 16132: 16122: 16120: 16111: 16110: 16106: 16091: 16090: 16086: 16073: 16072: 16068: 16055: 16054: 16050: 16035: 16031: 16021: 16019: 16009: 16005: 15996: 15995: 15991: 15978: 15977: 15973: 15964: 15963: 15959: 15944: 15943: 15936: 15926: 15924: 15914: 15907: 15897: 15895: 15893:Huffington Post 15885: 15881: 15871: 15869: 15854: 15853: 15849: 15837: 15833: 15823: 15821: 15817: 15813: 15812: 15808: 15798: 15796: 15787: 15786: 15782: 15772: 15770: 15765: 15764: 15760: 15750: 15748: 15735: 15734: 15730: 15720: 15718: 15710: 15709: 15702: 15692: 15690: 15682: 15681: 15677: 15667: 15665: 15657: 15656: 15652: 15643: 15642: 15638: 15629: 15628: 15624: 15614: 15612: 15607: 15606: 15602: 15593: 15589: 15572: 15571: 15567: 15557: 15555: 15546: 15545: 15541: 15534:Middle East Eye 15528: 15527: 15523: 15510: 15509: 15505: 15492: 15491: 15487: 15477: 15475: 15470: 15469: 15465: 15455: 15453: 15451:New York Review 15443: 15436: 15428: 15424: 15415: 15411: 15398: 15397: 15393: 15383: 15381: 15376: 15375: 15368: 15358: 15356: 15355:on 14 June 2016 15347: 15346: 15342: 15334: 15327: 15313: 15309: 15297: 15293: 15284: 15280: 15270: 15268: 15257: 15256: 15252: 15242: 15240: 15230: 15226: 15213: 15212: 15208: 15198: 15196: 15187: 15186: 15182: 15173: 15169: 15154: 15150: 15142: 15138: 15130: 15126: 15116: 15114: 15109: 15108: 15104: 15089: 15085: 15075: 15073: 15068: 15067: 15063: 15053: 15051: 15046: 15045: 15041: 15031: 15029: 15024: 15023: 15016: 15006: 15004: 14999: 14998: 14994: 14984: 14982: 14977: 14976: 14972: 14962: 14960: 14952: 14951: 14947: 14937: 14935: 14927: 14926: 14922: 14912: 14910: 14905: 14904: 14900: 14883: 14882: 14878: 14868: 14866: 14862: 14855: 14851: 14850: 14839: 14829: 14827: 14822: 14821: 14817: 14807: 14805: 14796: 14795: 14791: 14781: 14779: 14772: 14768: 14758: 14756: 14747: 14746: 14742: 14732: 14730: 14725: 14724: 14720: 14710: 14708: 14703: 14702: 14695: 14685: 14683: 14678: 14677: 14673: 14663: 14661: 14650: 14646: 14636: 14634: 14625: 14624: 14620: 14610: 14608: 14600: 14599: 14595: 14585: 14583: 14578: 14577: 14573: 14563: 14561: 14552: 14551: 14547: 14537: 14535: 14530: 14529: 14525: 14515: 14513: 14508: 14507: 14500: 14490: 14488: 14483: 14482: 14478: 14468: 14466: 14461: 14460: 14456: 14446: 14444: 14434: 14430: 14420: 14418: 14413: 14412: 14408: 14361: 14357: 14347: 14345: 14344:. 22 April 2014 14336: 14335: 14331: 14321: 14319: 14310: 14309: 14305: 14295: 14293: 14284: 14283: 14279: 14269: 14267: 14263: 14259: 14258: 14254: 14244: 14242: 14231: 14230: 14226: 14209: 14205: 14195: 14193: 14183: 14179: 14164: 14155: 14145: 14143: 14141:The Independent 14133: 14129: 14115: 14113: 14102: 14098: 14088: 14086: 14075: 14071: 14061: 14059: 14049: 14045: 14035: 14033: 14028: 14027: 14023: 14013: 14011: 14001: 13997: 13987: 13985: 13976: 13975: 13971: 13961: 13959: 13954: 13953: 13949: 13939: 13937: 13926: 13922: 13912: 13910: 13908:Financial Times 13900: 13896: 13886: 13884: 13869: 13865: 13855: 13853: 13852:. 28 April 2014 13844: 13843: 13839: 13829: 13827: 13817: 13813: 13803: 13801: 13796: 13795: 13791: 13781: 13779: 13769: 13765: 13755: 13753: 13752:. 23 April 2014 13744: 13743: 13739: 13729: 13727: 13726:on 13 July 2015 13716: 13712: 13702: 13700: 13685: 13681: 13671: 13669: 13659: 13652: 13650: 13645: 13644: 13640: 13630: 13628: 13620: 13619: 13612: 13610: 13605: 13604: 13597: 13595: 13585: 13581: 13571: 13569: 13560: 13559: 13555: 13545: 13543: 13538: 13537: 13533: 13523: 13521: 13516: 13515: 13511: 13501: 13499: 13494: 13493: 13489: 13479: 13477: 13464: 13463: 13459: 13449: 13447: 13438: 13437: 13433: 13420: 13419: 13415: 13405: 13403: 13398: 13397: 13393: 13383: 13381: 13372: 13371: 13367: 13357: 13355: 13346: 13345: 13341: 13328: 13327: 13323: 13310: 13309: 13305: 13292: 13291: 13287: 13280:The Independent 13274: 13273: 13269: 13256: 13255: 13251: 13238: 13237: 13233: 13223: 13221: 13216: 13215: 13211: 13201: 13199: 13194: 13193: 13189: 13179: 13177: 13166: 13162: 13152: 13150: 13149:. 6 August 2016 13141: 13140: 13136: 13123: 13122: 13118: 13108: 13106: 13105:. 7 August 2016 13097: 13096: 13092: 13079:Mroue, Bassem. 13077: 13073: 13060: 13059: 13055: 13045: 13043: 13034: 13033: 13026: 13016: 13014: 13008: 13004: 12994: 12992: 12982: 12978: 12965: 12964: 12960: 12945: 12941: 12931: 12929: 12920: 12919: 12915: 12905: 12903: 12902:on 28 July 2016 12890: 12889: 12885: 12875: 12873: 12860: 12859: 12855: 12845: 12843: 12828: 12824: 12814: 12812: 12797: 12793: 12778: 12774: 12759: 12755: 12745: 12743: 12732: 12725: 12715: 12713: 12698: 12694: 12684: 12682: 12667: 12663: 12653: 12651: 12638: 12637: 12633: 12623: 12621: 12606: 12602: 12592: 12590: 12581: 12580: 12576: 12563: 12562: 12558: 12539: 12535: 12516: 12512: 12503: 12502: 12498: 12485: 12484: 12480: 12470: 12468: 12460:UNESCO (2018). 12458: 12454: 12444: 12442: 12432: 12428: 12418: 12416: 12406: 12402: 12392: 12390: 12377: 12376: 12372: 12362: 12360: 12356: 12350: 12346: 12336: 12334: 12323: 12319: 12309: 12307: 12292: 12288: 12278: 12276: 12275:on 2 April 2015 12263: 12262: 12258: 12248: 12246: 12233: 12232: 12228: 12218: 12216: 12203: 12202: 12198: 12188: 12186: 12185:on 14 July 2015 12175: 12171: 12161: 12159: 12158:on 2 April 2015 12150: 12149: 12145: 12135: 12133: 12132:on 14 July 2015 12122: 12115: 12105: 12103: 12094: 12093: 12089: 12079: 12077: 12068: 12067: 12063: 12053: 12051: 12046: 12045: 12041: 12031: 12029: 12020: 12019: 12015: 12005: 12003: 11988: 11984: 11974: 11972: 11957: 11953: 11943: 11941: 11926: 11922: 11912: 11910: 11895: 11891: 11881: 11879: 11874: 11873: 11869: 11856: 11855: 11851: 11838: 11837: 11833: 11823: 11821: 11816: 11815: 11811: 11801: 11799: 11790: 11789: 11785: 11775: 11773: 11772:on 13 July 2015 11764: 11763: 11759: 11749: 11747: 11738: 11737: 11733: 11723: 11721: 11708: 11707: 11703: 11693: 11691: 11686: 11685: 11681: 11671: 11669: 11664: 11663: 11659: 11649: 11647: 11634: 11633: 11629: 11619: 11617: 11600: 11596: 11586: 11584: 11581:Huffington Post 11575: 11574: 11570: 11560: 11558: 11556:Huffington Post 11550: 11549: 11545: 11535: 11533: 11532:. Aljazeera.com 11528: 11527: 11523: 11513: 11511: 11510:on 31 July 2012 11502: 11501: 11497: 11487: 11485: 11482:The Independent 11474: 11467: 11457: 11455: 11446: 11445: 11441: 11431: 11429: 11420: 11419: 11415: 11405: 11403: 11402:on 30 July 2012 11394: 11393: 11389: 11379: 11377: 11362: 11358: 11348: 11346: 11333: 11332: 11328: 11318: 11316: 11305: 11301: 11291: 11289: 11280: 11279: 11275: 11256: 11255: 11251: 11241: 11239: 11230: 11229: 11225: 11206: 11202: 11193: 11192: 11188: 11178: 11176: 11167: 11166: 11162: 11153: 11152: 11148: 11139: 11138: 11134: 11124: 11122: 11115: 11111: 11101: 11099: 11088: 11084: 11074: 11072: 11066: 11062: 11052: 11050: 11041: 11040: 11036: 11026: 11024: 11015: 11014: 11010: 11000: 10998: 10996:The Daily Beast 10988: 10984: 10969: 10965: 10955: 10953: 10952:. 11 March 2016 10944: 10943: 10939: 10929: 10927: 10914: 10913: 10909: 10899: 10897: 10887: 10883: 10873: 10871: 10861: 10857: 10847: 10845: 10833: 10829: 10819: 10817: 10804: 10803: 10799: 10789: 10787: 10776: 10772: 10762: 10760: 10753: 10749: 10739: 10737: 10726: 10722: 10712: 10710: 10699: 10695: 10685: 10683: 10678: 10677: 10673: 10663: 10661: 10651: 10647: 10637: 10635: 10626: 10625: 10621: 10611: 10609: 10602: 10595: 10585: 10583: 10574: 10573: 10569: 10556: 10552: 10542: 10540: 10525: 10521: 10512: 10503: 10493: 10491: 10481: 10477: 10467: 10465: 10456: 10455: 10451: 10441: 10439: 10430: 10429: 10425: 10415: 10413: 10406:Washington Post 10398: 10391: 10381: 10379: 10378:. 16 April 2014 10368: 10367: 10363: 10353: 10351: 10343: 10342: 10338: 10328: 10326: 10316: 10307: 10297: 10295: 10290: 10289: 10285: 10275: 10273: 10263: 10259: 10249: 10247: 10238: 10237: 10233: 10220: 10219: 10215: 10205: 10203: 10198: 10197: 10188: 10167: 10163: 10153: 10151: 10146: 10145: 10138: 10128: 10126: 10121: 10120: 10113: 10098: 10094: 10084: 10082: 10078: 10072: 10061: 10058:Breaking Aleppo 10053: 10046: 10031: 10027: 10012: 10008: 10003:. 8 April 2016. 9999: 9998: 9994: 9981: 9980: 9976: 9966: 9964: 9954: 9950: 9935: 9934: 9930: 9920: 9918: 9909: 9908: 9904: 9894: 9892: 9879: 9878: 9874: 9864: 9862: 9852: 9848: 9838: 9836: 9825: 9821: 9808: 9807: 9803: 9790: 9789: 9785: 9772: 9771: 9767: 9756: 9752: 9737: 9733: 9725: 9721: 9711: 9709: 9691: 9687: 9666: 9662: 9647: 9629: 9625: 9612: 9611: 9607: 9597: 9595: 9585: 9581: 9566: 9562: 9552: 9550: 9539: 9535: 9520: 9513: 9504: 9500: 9490: 9488: 9479: 9478: 9471: 9461: 9459: 9450: 9449: 9442: 9432: 9430: 9421: 9420: 9409: 9399: 9397: 9392: 9391: 9384: 9374: 9372: 9362: 9358: 9348: 9346: 9344:Washington Post 9336: 9329: 9319: 9317: 9304: 9303: 9296: 9294: 9283: 9276: 9274: 9267:Washington Post 9259: 9255: 9245: 9243: 9232: 9228: 9218: 9216: 9209: 9205: 9196: 9195: 9191: 9181: 9179: 9170: 9166: 9155: 9154: 9150: 9140: 9138: 9129: 9128: 9124: 9114: 9112: 9107: 9106: 9102: 9087: 9086: 9082: 9067: 9060: 9050: 9048: 9039: 9038: 9034: 9024: 9022: 9014: 9010: 9009: 9002: 8992: 8990: 8985: 8984: 8980: 8970: 8968: 8961: 8957: 8947: 8945: 8936: 8935: 8931: 8921: 8919: 8906: 8905: 8896: 8886: 8884: 8874: 8870: 8865:. 22 July 2012. 8857: 8856: 8852: 8842: 8840: 8839:on 2 April 2015 8836: 8829: 8823: 8816: 8806: 8804: 8797: 8793: 8778: 8774: 8764: 8762: 8758: 8757: 8753: 8743: 8741: 8731: 8727: 8717: 8715: 8706: 8705: 8701: 8688: 8686: 8679: 8675: 8660: 8653: 8643: 8641: 8629: 8618: 8608: 8606: 8595: 8594: 8587: 8577: 8575: 8570: 8569: 8562: 8551: 8547: 8537: 8535: 8530: 8529: 8525: 8515: 8513: 8504: 8503: 8499: 8489: 8487: 8482:. Reuters.com. 8476: 8472: 8462: 8460: 8449: 8445: 8435: 8433: 8432:on 12 July 2013 8422: 8415: 8410:. 8 April 2016. 8402: 8401: 8397: 8386: 8382: 8372: 8370: 8361: 8360: 8356: 8346: 8344: 8331: 8330: 8323: 8313: 8311: 8298: 8297: 8293: 8283: 8281: 8264: 8260: 8247: 8246: 8242: 8232: 8230: 8225: 8224: 8220: 8209: 8205: 8195: 8193: 8178: 8174: 8164: 8162: 8147: 8143: 8133: 8131: 8118: 8117: 8113: 8103: 8101: 8090: 8086: 8076: 8074: 8065: 8064: 8060: 8051:Wayback Machine 8042: 8038: 8028: 8026: 8011: 8007: 7997: 7995: 7988: 7984: 7974: 7972: 7968: 7967: 7963: 7953: 7951: 7943: 7942: 7938: 7928: 7926: 7925:. Aljazeera.com 7921: 7920: 7916: 7908: 7904: 7894: 7892: 7877: 7868: 7858: 7856: 7841: 7837: 7827: 7825: 7816: 7815: 7811: 7798: 7797: 7793: 7783: 7781: 7779:Financial Times 7771: 7767: 7757: 7755: 7746: 7745: 7738: 7731:Washington Post 7725: 7724: 7720: 7710: 7708: 7699: 7698: 7687: 7680:Huffington Post 7674: 7673: 7669: 7661: 7657: 7647: 7645: 7644:on 27 June 2015 7636: 7635: 7631: 7621: 7619: 7618:. Syria Comment 7612: 7608: 7598: 7596: 7589: 7585: 7575: 7573: 7563: 7536: 7526: 7524: 7514: 7510: 7500: 7498: 7488: 7471: 7467: 7462: 7461: 7456: 7452: 7447: 7442: 7433:Siege of Marawi 7397:Siege of Kobanî 7364: 7357: 7354: 7315: 7302:Steffen Seibert 7285: 7278: 7275: 7266: 7263: 7119:Stephen O'Brien 7096: 7065:Bashar al-Assad 7047: 7039:Bashar al-Assad 7035: 7018: 7013: 7006: 7003: 6994: 6991: 6919:bombing in 2014 6848: 6836: 6767:Mark A. Summers 6738: 6731: 6728: 6719: 6716: 6692:Breaking Aleppo 6611:Bashar al-Assad 6607: 6595: 6495: 6441: 6431: 6423: 6417: 6412: 6353:field execution 6332: 6312: 6207: 6173:region of Afrin 6165: 6132:Rebels started 6086: 6082: 6080: 6068: 6066: 6058: 6056: 6048: 6046: 6038: 6036: 6028: 6012: 5988:Main articles: 5986: 5929:al-Hatab Square 5912:Al-Hatab Square 5900: 5878: 5868: 5862: 5844: 5838: 5757: 5751: 5744: 5734: 5724: 5719: 5716: 5707: 5701: 5669: 5663: 5658: 5506: 5490:Bashar al-Assad 5460: 5454: 5335:(including the 5297: 5296: 5295: 5290: 5285:Final offensive 5279:Rebel offensive 5245:Aleppo bombings 5213:Rebel offensive 5153:Menagh Air Base 5139: 5105: 5100: 5098: 5096: 5066: 5057: 5053:UK intervention 4977:List of attacks 4967:US intervention 4943:Afrin operation 4933:2017 airstrikes 4862: 4857: 4855: 4853: 4820: 4812: 4811: 4803: 4773: 4750: 4739:Western Nineveh 4720: 4700: 4692: 4662: 4627: 4622: 4620: 4618: 4585: 4517:Jabal al-Bishrī 4463: 4460: 4458: 4425: 4327: 4321: 4314: 4307: 4305: 4303: 4270: 4209: 4206: 4202: 4200: 4198: 4165: 3991: 3988: 3983: 3979: 3977: 3944: 3773: 3766: 3764: 3731: 3584:Northern al-Bab 3518:9th Rif Dimashq 3479:8th Rif Dimashq 3474:Aleppo bombings 3435: 3427: 3421: 3419: 3417: 3384: 3256:Su-24 shootdown 3222: 3216: 3214: 3212: 3179: 3170:7th Rif Dimashq 2947: 2933: 2931: 2929: 2896: 2880:6th Rif Dimashq 2773:Northern Aleppo 2757: 2751: 2749: 2747: 2714: 2698:5th Rif Dimashq 2633:Jdaidet al-Fadl 2627:4th Rif Dimashq 2551:3rd Rif Dimashq 2531:2nd Rif Dimashq 2497:Hasaka campaign 2455:Menagh Air Base 2381: 2371: 2369: 2336: 2270:1st Rif Dimashq 2231:Jabal al-Zawiya 2196: 2190: 2188: 2186: 2153: 2100: 2094: 2092: 2059: 2012: 1982: 1975:May–August 2019 1960:May–August 2018 1945:May–August 2017 1930:May–August 2016 1885:May–August 2012 1870:May–August 2011 1847: 1843: 1840: 1806: 1805: 1804: 1803: 1801: 1795: 1794: 1793: 1760: 1724: 1722: 1720: 1698: 1694:Jabhat al-Akrad 1680: 1669: 1667: 1666: 1658: 1656: 1632: 1630: 1613: 1611: 1606: 1604: 1588: 1586: 1576: 1574: 1549: 1547: 1543:Free Idlib Army 1537: 1535: 1525: 1523: 1505: 1495: 1493: 1485: 1483: 1474: 1473: 1468: 1462: 1460: 1459: 1449: 1447: 1437: 1435: 1425: 1423: 1413: 1411: 1396: 1394: 1379: 1377: 1374: 1373: 1368: 1360: 1358: 1357: 1351: 1342: 1340: 1330: 1328: 1318: 1316: 1306: 1304: 1301: 1300: 1295: 1287: 1285: 1284: 1257: 1255: 1252: 1251: 1246: 1236: 1235: 1215: 1213: 1184: 1182: 1161: 1159: 1154:629th Battalion 1132: 1108: 1106: 1049: 1047: 1044: 1043: 1038: 1030: 1028: 1018: 1012: 1010: 1004: 997: 995: 990: 988: 985: 984: 979: 977:(YPJ commander) 968: 967: 965:(YPJ commander) 963: 955: 954: 953: 951:(YPG commander) 949: 941: 940: 936: 928: 925: 919: 913: 900: 893: 891: 887:(Islamic Front) 885: 879: 864: 858: 851: 849: 843: 837: 829: 823: 812: 806: 798: 797: 792: 784: 777: 773: 765: 763: 760: 745: 738: 736: 725: 715: 713: 707: 695: 689: 682: 680: 674: 668: 661: 659: 656: 655: 650: 646: 638: 636: 635: 631: 623: 621: 620: 616: 608: 606: 605: 601: 599:Viktor Bondarev 593: 591: 590: 582: 580:Qasem Soleimani 574: 572: 571: 567: 565:Suheil al-Hasan 559: 557: 556: 552: 544: 542: 523: 522: 512: 511: 500: 487: 486: 481:Ansar al-Sharia 474: 461: 460: 456: 445: 443: 442: 419: 417: 416: 405: 403: 402: 400:Ba'ath Brigades 394: 392: 391: 383: 381: 380: 378:Liwa Fatemiyoun 372: 370: 369: 356: 355: 344: 342: 341: 329: 325: 312: 310: 309: 296: 294: 293: 282: 223: 221: 217: 214: 209: 206: 204: 202: 201: 200: 182: 169: 166: 162: 160: 148: 146: 138: 136: 128: 126: 118: 116: 108: 104: 103: 96: 91: 74: 68: 45: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 20830: 20820: 20819: 20814: 20809: 20804: 20799: 20794: 20789: 20784: 20779: 20774: 20769: 20764: 20759: 20754: 20749: 20744: 20739: 20734: 20729: 20724: 20719: 20714: 20709: 20704: 20687: 20686: 20684: 20683: 20672: 20669: 20668: 20665: 20664: 20661: 20660: 20658: 20657: 20652: 20647: 20642: 20637: 20632: 20627: 20622: 20616: 20614: 20613:Related topics 20610: 20609: 20607: 20606: 20600: 20598: 20594: 20593: 20591: 20590: 20585: 20580: 20575: 20570: 20565: 20560: 20555: 20550: 20545: 20543:39th G8 summit 20540: 20535: 20530: 20529: 20528: 20518: 20513: 20507: 20505: 20499: 20498: 20496: 20495: 20490: 20485: 20480: 20475: 20470: 20465: 20460: 20455: 20450: 20445: 20440: 20435: 20430: 20425: 20419: 20417: 20413: 20412: 20410: 20409: 20404: 20399: 20394: 20389: 20384: 20379: 20374: 20369: 20364: 20358: 20356: 20348: 20347: 20337: 20336: 20333: 20332: 20330: 20329: 20324: 20319: 20314: 20309: 20304: 20299: 20294: 20289: 20284: 20279: 20274: 20269: 20264: 20259: 20254: 20252:Bassma Kodmani 20249: 20244: 20239: 20234: 20229: 20224: 20222:Razan Ghazzawi 20219: 20214: 20209: 20204: 20199: 20194: 20189: 20184: 20179: 20174: 20172:Tal al-Mallohi 20169: 20164: 20159: 20157:Moaz al-Khatib 20154: 20149: 20144: 20139: 20137:Anwar al-Bunni 20134: 20129: 20128: 20127: 20125:Hafez Makhlouf 20122: 20117: 20112: 20107: 20097: 20095:Adnan al-Aroor 20092: 20087: 20081: 20078: 20077: 20067: 20066: 20063: 20062: 20059: 20058: 20055: 20054: 20052: 20051: 20046: 20041: 20036: 20031: 20026: 20021: 20019:Tahrir al-Sham 20015: 20013: 20006: 20005: 20003: 20002: 19997: 19992: 19987: 19982: 19977: 19971: 19969: 19960: 19954: 19953: 19950: 19949: 19947: 19946: 19941: 19936: 19931: 19926: 19920: 19918: 19914: 19913: 19911: 19910: 19905: 19900: 19895: 19890: 19885: 19880: 19875: 19870: 19864: 19862: 19856: 19855: 19853: 19852: 19847: 19842: 19836: 19834: 19825: 19817: 19816: 19813: 19812: 19810: 19809: 19804: 19799: 19794: 19789: 19783: 19781: 19775: 19774: 19772: 19771: 19766: 19761: 19756: 19751: 19746: 19741: 19736: 19731: 19725: 19723: 19719: 19718: 19716: 19715: 19710: 19705: 19700: 19695: 19690: 19685: 19680: 19679: 19678: 19667: 19665: 19656: 19650: 19649: 19646: 19645: 19643: 19642: 19637: 19632: 19631: 19630: 19625: 19620: 19610: 19609: 19608: 19598: 19592: 19590: 19584: 19583: 19581: 19580: 19575: 19570: 19565: 19560: 19554: 19552: 19548: 19547: 19545: 19544: 19539: 19534: 19529: 19523: 19521: 19512: 19504: 19503: 19493: 19492: 19489: 19488: 19485: 19484: 19481: 19480: 19478: 19477: 19470: 19468: 19464: 19463: 19461: 19460: 19455: 19450: 19445: 19440: 19435: 19430: 19425: 19420: 19414: 19412: 19405: 19404: 19402: 19401: 19396: 19391: 19386: 19381: 19375: 19373: 19366: 19365: 19363: 19362: 19356: 19354: 19348: 19347: 19345: 19344: 19339: 19334: 19332:Akashat ambush 19328: 19326: 19319: 19318: 19316: 19315: 19310: 19305: 19299: 19297: 19287: 19279: 19278: 19276: 19275: 19270: 19265: 19260: 19254: 19252: 19240: 19239: 19237: 19236: 19231: 19226: 19221: 19216: 19211: 19206: 19200: 19198: 19186: 19185: 19183: 19182: 19177: 19172: 19167: 19162: 19157: 19152: 19146: 19144: 19132: 19131: 19129: 19128: 19123: 19118: 19113: 19108: 19103: 19097: 19095: 19083: 19082: 19080: 19079: 19074: 19069: 19064: 19059: 19054: 19049: 19044: 19039: 19034: 19029: 19024: 19019: 19014: 19009: 19004: 19002:Manbij bombing 18999: 18993: 18991: 18971: 18970: 18968: 18967: 18962: 18957: 18952: 18947: 18942: 18937: 18932: 18927: 18922: 18917: 18912: 18907: 18902: 18897: 18892: 18887: 18882: 18877: 18872: 18866: 18864: 18844: 18843: 18841: 18840: 18835: 18834: 18833: 18828: 18823: 18818: 18808: 18803: 18798: 18793: 18788: 18783: 18778: 18773: 18768: 18763: 18758: 18753: 18748: 18743: 18738: 18733: 18728: 18723: 18718: 18716:Aleppo bombing 18713: 18708: 18703: 18698: 18693: 18688: 18683: 18678: 18673: 18668: 18663: 18658: 18653: 18648: 18643: 18638: 18632: 18630: 18610: 18609: 18607: 18606: 18601: 18596: 18591: 18589:Raqqa campaign 18586: 18581: 18576: 18571: 18566: 18561: 18556: 18551: 18546: 18541: 18536: 18531: 18526: 18525: 18524: 18514: 18509: 18504: 18499: 18494: 18489: 18484: 18479: 18474: 18469: 18464: 18459: 18454: 18449: 18444: 18439: 18434: 18429: 18424: 18419: 18413: 18411: 18391: 18390: 18388: 18387: 18382: 18377: 18372: 18367: 18362: 18357: 18352: 18347: 18342: 18337: 18332: 18327: 18322: 18317: 18312: 18307: 18302: 18297: 18292: 18287: 18282: 18277: 18272: 18267: 18262: 18257: 18251: 18249: 18233: 18232: 18230: 18229: 18224: 18219: 18214: 18209: 18204: 18199: 18194: 18189: 18184: 18179: 18174: 18172:Hama Offensive 18169: 18164: 18163: 18162: 18152: 18147: 18146: 18145: 18135: 18130: 18125: 18120: 18115: 18113:Battle of Hosn 18110: 18105: 18100: 18095: 18090: 18085: 18084: 18083: 18078: 18067: 18065: 18049: 18048: 18046: 18045: 18040: 18035: 18030: 18025: 18020: 18015: 18010: 18005: 18000: 17998:Hatla massacre 17995: 17993:Hama offensive 17990: 17985: 17984: 17983: 17973: 17968: 17967: 17966: 17956: 17951: 17950: 17949: 17939: 17934: 17929: 17923: 17921: 17905: 17904: 17902: 17901: 17896: 17891: 17886: 17885: 17884: 17877:Hama offensive 17874: 17872:Aqrab massacre 17869: 17868: 17867: 17857: 17852: 17847: 17842: 17837: 17836: 17835: 17825: 17820: 17819: 17818: 17813: 17803: 17802: 17801: 17791: 17786: 17781: 17776: 17774:Houla massacre 17771: 17766: 17765: 17764: 17754: 17749: 17744: 17739: 17733: 17731: 17711: 17710: 17708: 17707: 17702: 17697: 17692: 17687: 17682: 17681: 17680: 17675: 17665: 17660: 17655: 17650: 17645: 17640: 17635: 17630: 17625: 17620: 17618:Siege of Daraa 17615: 17610: 17604: 17602: 17582: 17581: 17579: 17578: 17573: 17568: 17563: 17558: 17556:Qamishli riots 17553: 17548: 17543: 17538: 17533: 17528: 17522: 17520: 17508: 17507: 17495: 17494: 17491: 17490: 17487: 17486: 17484: 17483: 17478: 17472: 17470: 17466: 17465: 17463: 17462: 17457: 17452: 17447: 17442: 17437: 17432: 17427: 17422: 17417: 17412: 17407: 17401: 17399: 17395: 17394: 17392: 17391: 17386: 17380: 17378: 17377:World reaction 17374: 17373: 17371: 17370: 17365: 17360: 17355: 17350: 17344: 17342: 17338: 17337: 17335: 17334: 17329: 17324: 17319: 17313: 17311: 17307: 17306: 17304: 17303: 17298: 17293: 17288: 17283: 17278: 17273: 17268: 17263: 17258: 17253: 17248: 17243: 17237: 17235: 17234:Main overviews 17227: 17226: 17216: 17215: 17208: 17207: 17200: 17193: 17185: 17179: 17178: 17177:, 1 March 2017 17168: 17158: 17152: 17147: 17136: 17135:External links 17133: 17132: 17131: 17125: 17106: 17090: 17072: 17069: 17067: 17066: 17048: 17017: 16995: 16968: 16947: 16924: 16906: 16879: 16876:. 7 July 2016. 16861: 16831: 16804: 16778: 16767:on 8 June 2015 16748: 16723: 16701: 16679: 16667: 16645: 16630: 16608: 16580: 16552: 16530: 16508: 16482: 16460: 16434: 16403: 16377: 16355: 16329: 16307: 16285: 16255: 16229: 16203: 16186:Turkish Weekly 16173: 16159: 16130: 16104: 16084: 16066: 16048: 16029: 16003: 15989: 15971: 15957: 15934: 15905: 15879: 15847: 15831: 15806: 15780: 15758: 15728: 15700: 15675: 15650: 15636: 15622: 15600: 15587: 15565: 15539: 15521: 15516:Deutsche Welle 15503: 15485: 15463: 15434: 15422: 15409: 15406:. 25 May 2016. 15404:Deutsche Welle 15391: 15366: 15340: 15325: 15323:, 20 May 2015. 15307: 15291: 15278: 15250: 15224: 15206: 15180: 15167: 15148: 15136: 15124: 15102: 15083: 15061: 15039: 15014: 14992: 14970: 14945: 14920: 14898: 14876: 14837: 14815: 14789: 14766: 14740: 14718: 14693: 14671: 14644: 14618: 14593: 14571: 14545: 14523: 14498: 14476: 14454: 14428: 14406: 14369:PLOS Pathogens 14355: 14329: 14303: 14277: 14252: 14224: 14203: 14177: 14153: 14127: 14112:on 20 May 2015 14096: 14069: 14043: 14021: 13995: 13969: 13947: 13920: 13894: 13877:Al-Masdar News 13863: 13837: 13811: 13789: 13763: 13737: 13710: 13679: 13638: 13626:The Daily Star 13579: 13568:on 1 June 2013 13553: 13531: 13509: 13487: 13457: 13444:Canberra times 13431: 13413: 13391: 13365: 13339: 13321: 13303: 13285: 13267: 13249: 13231: 13209: 13187: 13160: 13134: 13116: 13090: 13071: 13053: 13024: 13002: 12976: 12958: 12939: 12913: 12883: 12866:Al Masdar News 12853: 12836:Al-Masdar News 12822: 12805:Al-Masdar News 12791: 12772: 12753: 12723: 12706:Al-Masdar News 12692: 12675:Al-Masdar News 12661: 12631: 12620:on 8 July 2015 12600: 12574: 12571:. 3 July 2015. 12556: 12533: 12510: 12496: 12478: 12452: 12426: 12400: 12370: 12344: 12317: 12286: 12256: 12226: 12196: 12169: 12143: 12113: 12087: 12074:The Daily Star 12061: 12039: 12013: 11982: 11951: 11920: 11889: 11867: 11849: 11831: 11809: 11783: 11757: 11731: 11701: 11679: 11657: 11627: 11594: 11568: 11543: 11521: 11495: 11465: 11439: 11428:. 31 July 2012 11413: 11387: 11356: 11339:The Daily Star 11326: 11299: 11273: 11249: 11223: 11216:) – via 11200: 11186: 11160: 11146: 11132: 11109: 11082: 11060: 11047:The Australian 11034: 11008: 10982: 10963: 10937: 10907: 10881: 10855: 10827: 10797: 10770: 10747: 10720: 10693: 10671: 10645: 10619: 10593: 10582:. 24 June 2011 10567: 10550: 10519: 10501: 10475: 10464:. 13 June 2017 10449: 10423: 10389: 10361: 10336: 10305: 10283: 10257: 10246:on 16 May 2016 10231: 10213: 10186: 10161: 10136: 10111: 10092: 10070: 10044: 10025: 10006: 9992: 9974: 9948: 9928: 9902: 9872: 9846: 9819: 9801: 9783: 9765: 9750: 9731: 9719: 9699:The New Yorker 9685: 9660: 9623: 9605: 9579: 9560: 9533: 9511: 9498: 9469: 9440: 9407: 9382: 9356: 9327: 9310:The Daily Star 9253: 9226: 9203: 9189: 9164: 9148: 9137:on 7 June 2014 9122: 9100: 9080: 9058: 9032: 9000: 8978: 8955: 8929: 8894: 8868: 8850: 8814: 8791: 8772: 8751: 8725: 8699: 8673: 8651: 8616: 8605:. 31 July 2012 8585: 8560: 8545: 8523: 8497: 8470: 8443: 8413: 8395: 8380: 8354: 8321: 8291: 8258: 8240: 8218: 8203: 8172: 8141: 8111: 8084: 8058: 8036: 8019:Al-Masdar News 8005: 7982: 7961: 7936: 7914: 7902: 7885:Al-Masdar News 7866: 7843:Dark, Edward. 7835: 7809: 7791: 7765: 7736: 7718: 7685: 7667: 7655: 7629: 7606: 7583: 7534: 7508: 7496:Al-Masdar News 7468: 7466: 7463: 7460: 7459: 7449: 7448: 7446: 7443: 7441: 7440: 7435: 7430: 7425: 7420: 7415: 7410: 7405: 7399: 7394: 7389: 7384: 7378: 7371: 7370: 7369: 7353: 7350: 7349: 7348: 7341: 7334: 7331: 7328: 7325: 7322: 7319: 7314: 7311: 7307:Vladimir Putin 7292:cancelled its 7284: 7281: 7280: 7279: 7276: 7269: 7267: 7264: 7257: 7250:in the 1990s. 7240:their homes." 7208:politicization 7201: 7200: 7196: 7186: 7174: 7170: 7151: 7143: 7139: 7127: 7124:Vitaly Churkin 7102:Samantha Power 7095: 7092: 7069:Vladimir Putin 7046: 7043: 7034: 7031: 7017: 7016:Media coverage 7014: 7012: 7009: 7008: 7007: 7004: 6997: 6995: 6992: 6985: 6896:On 2 October, 6865:Al-Madina Souq 6847: 6844: 6835: 6832: 6815:Water supplies 6787:Jaysh al-Islam 6782:Sheikh Maqsood 6737: 6734: 6733: 6732: 6729: 6722: 6720: 6717: 6710: 6639:chlorine bombs 6583: 6582: 6581: 6574: 6571:Anadolu Agency 6567: 6561: 6555: 6526:United Nations 6517:voted for the 6491:Main article: 6424: 6416: 6413: 6411: 6408: 6344:longest sieges 6331: 6328: 6319:to the north ( 6311: 6308: 6206: 6203: 6175:, and to halt 6164: 6161: 6081: 6067: 6057: 6047: 6043:al-Nusra Front 6037: 6027: 5985: 5982: 5925:Ahrar ash-Sham 5920:al-Nusra Front 5864:Main article: 5861: 5858: 5840:Main article: 5837: 5834: 5793:Umayyad Mosque 5784:al-Nusra Front 5768:suicide bomber 5753:Main article: 5750: 5747: 5746: 5745: 5735: 5722: 5720: 5717: 5710: 5708: 5702: 5695: 5665:Main article: 5662: 5659: 5657: 5654: 5634:Sheikh Maqsood 5611:al-Berri tribe 5581:Al-Nusra Front 5505: 5502: 5456:Main article: 5453: 5450: 5434:longest sieges 5353:al-Nusra Front 5331:, between the 5320:Maʿrakat Ḥalab 5292: 5291: 5289: 5288: 5281: 5276: 5271: 5270: 5269: 5264: 5259: 5247: 5242: 5237: 5226: 5225: 5220: 5215: 5204: 5203: 5190: 5189: 5182: 5177: 5172: 5161: 5160: 5155: 5150: 5138: 5133: 5128: 5123: 5118: 5110: 5107: 5106: 5095: 5094: 5087: 5080: 5072: 5063: 5062: 5059: 5058: 5056: 5055: 5050: 5045: 5040: 5035: 5030: 5029: 5028: 5018: 5016:Lebanon's role 5013: 5012: 5011: 5001: 4996: 4995: 4994: 4989: 4984: 4979: 4974: 4958: 4957: 4952: 4951: 4950: 4945: 4940: 4935: 4930: 4925: 4920: 4910: 4899: 4898: 4893: 4892: 4891: 4886: 4876: 4867: 4864: 4863: 4852: 4851: 4844: 4837: 4829: 4822: 4821: 4819: 4818: 4810: 4809: 4802: 4801: 4800: 4799: 4794: 4789: 4784: 4772: 4771: 4770: 4769: 4764: 4759: 4749: 4748: 4747: 4746: 4741: 4736: 4731: 4719: 4718: 4717: 4716: 4711: 4699: 4698: 4691: 4690: 4685: 4684: 4683: 4678: 4673: 4661: 4660: 4659: 4658: 4653: 4648: 4643: 4632: 4629: 4628: 4617: 4616: 4609: 4602: 4594: 4587: 4586: 4584: 4583: 4578: 4573: 4561: 4556: 4551: 4546: 4541: 4536: 4529: 4524: 4519: 4514: 4509: 4504: 4499: 4494: 4489: 4484: 4479: 4474: 4468: 4465: 4464: 4457: 4456: 4449: 4442: 4434: 4427: 4426: 4424: 4423: 4418: 4413: 4412: 4411: 4404: 4392: 4387: 4382: 4377: 4372: 4369:2nd Ras al-Ayn 4360: 4355: 4350: 4345: 4340: 4332: 4329: 4328: 4302: 4301: 4294: 4287: 4279: 4272: 4271: 4269: 4268: 4267: 4266: 4264:U.S. airstrike 4258:Baghuz Fawqani 4254: 4252:Manbij bombing 4249: 4242: 4237: 4232: 4227: 4226: 4225: 4214: 4211: 4210: 4197: 4196: 4189: 4182: 4174: 4167: 4166: 4164: 4163: 4158: 4156:3rd As-Suwayda 4153: 4151:2nd As-Suwayda 4148: 4141: 4139:1st As-Suwayda 4136: 4134:House of Cards 4131: 4126: 4119: 4112: 4105: 4098: 4093: 4088: 4076: 4071: 4066: 4065: 4064: 4061:SDF insurgency 4057: 4045: 4040: 4039: 4038: 4026: 4021: 4016: 4011: 4004: 3996: 3993: 3992: 3976: 3975: 3968: 3961: 3953: 3946: 3945: 3943: 3942: 3937: 3936: 3935: 3930: 3925: 3920: 3908: 3901: 3894: 3889: 3882: 3877: 3872: 3867: 3862: 3860:Southern Raqqa 3857: 3852: 3845: 3840: 3835: 3830: 3825: 3820: 3815: 3808: 3803: 3796: 3789: 3787:al-Jina mosque 3784: 3778: 3775: 3774: 3763: 3762: 3755: 3748: 3740: 3733: 3732: 3730: 3729: 3724: 3719: 3714: 3709: 3704: 3699: 3694: 3689: 3684: 3679: 3674: 3667: 3660: 3655: 3650: 3645: 3640: 3635: 3630: 3625: 3620: 3615: 3610: 3605: 3598: 3597: 3596: 3591: 3586: 3574: 3569: 3564: 3559: 3554: 3549: 3544: 3543: 3542: 3537: 3532: 3520: 3515: 3510: 3509: 3508: 3496: 3491: 3489:Northern Raqqa 3486: 3481: 3476: 3471: 3466: 3461: 3456: 3451: 3446: 3440: 3437: 3436: 3416: 3415: 3408: 3401: 3393: 3386: 3385: 3383: 3382: 3377: 3372: 3367: 3362: 3357: 3352: 3347: 3342: 3337: 3332: 3325: 3320: 3315: 3310: 3305: 3300: 3295: 3290: 3285: 3278: 3276:Homs offensive 3273: 3268: 3261: 3260: 3259: 3245: 3240: 3235: 3227: 3224: 3223: 3211: 3210: 3203: 3196: 3188: 3181: 3180: 3178: 3177: 3172: 3167: 3162: 3157: 3150: 3145: 3140: 3135: 3130: 3125: 3120: 3115: 3110: 3105: 3098: 3093: 3088: 3081: 3076: 3069: 3064: 3059: 3054: 3053: 3052: 3050:2nd Idlib city 3040: 3035: 3030: 3025: 3020: 3018:Southern Syria 3015: 3010: 3005: 3000: 2995: 2990: 2985: 2980: 2975: 2970: 2965: 2960: 2952: 2949: 2948: 2928: 2927: 2920: 2913: 2905: 2898: 2897: 2895: 2894: 2887: 2882: 2877: 2872: 2871: 2870: 2858: 2853: 2846: 2845: 2844: 2834: 2829: 2824: 2822:4th Idlib Gov. 2819: 2814: 2809: 2804: 2799: 2794: 2789: 2788: 2787: 2780: 2775: 2762: 2759: 2758: 2746: 2745: 2738: 2731: 2723: 2716: 2715: 2713: 2712: 2707: 2700: 2695: 2690: 2685: 2680: 2675: 2670: 2667:Eastern Ghouta 2663: 2662: 2661: 2649: 2648: 2647: 2640: 2635: 2623: 2618: 2606: 2599: 2594: 2589: 2588: 2587: 2577: 2572: 2565: 2564: 2563: 2558: 2548: 2543: 2538: 2528: 2523: 2522: 2521: 2516: 2515: 2514: 2509: 2504: 2481: 2480: 2479: 2474: 2467: 2462: 2457: 2452: 2440: 2439: 2438: 2426: 2423:3rd Idlib Gov. 2419: 2414: 2409: 2404: 2397: 2392: 2386: 2383: 2382: 2377:Rebel advances 2368: 2367: 2360: 2353: 2345: 2338: 2337: 2335: 2334: 2333: 2332: 2325:2nd Idlib Gov. 2322: 2317: 2312: 2311: 2310: 2298: 2297: 2296: 2284: 2283: 2282: 2277: 2267: 2260: 2255: 2250: 2245: 2244: 2243: 2238: 2236:1st Idlib City 2233: 2228: 2220:1st Idlib Gov. 2216: 2215: 2214: 2212:Homs offensive 2206:Homs (2011–14) 2201: 2198: 2197: 2185: 2184: 2177: 2170: 2162: 2155: 2154: 2152: 2151: 2146: 2141: 2136: 2131: 2126: 2121: 2116: 2111: 2105: 2102: 2101: 2091: 2090: 2083: 2076: 2068: 2061: 2060: 2058: 2057: 2050: 2043: 2042: 2041: 2027: 2020: 2011: 2010: 2009: 2008: 2003: 1998: 1993: 1988: 1983: 1977: 1972: 1967: 1962: 1957: 1952: 1947: 1942: 1937: 1932: 1927: 1922: 1917: 1912: 1907: 1902: 1897: 1892: 1887: 1882: 1877: 1872: 1867: 1859: 1858: 1852: 1849: 1848: 1839: 1838: 1831: 1824: 1816: 1808: 1807: 1797: 1796: 1787: 1786: 1780: 1779: 1778: 1777: 1774: 1773: 1765: 1764: 1756: 1755: 1751: 1750: 1747: 1746: 1745: 1735: 1734: 1726: 1716: 1715: 1711: 1710: 1709: 1708: 1696: 1677: 1655: 1654: 1649: 1628: 1627: 1619:Al-Nusra Front 1602: 1601: 1596: 1584: 1572: 1567: 1562: 1560:Fastaqim Union 1557: 1555:Jaysh al-Islam 1545: 1533: 1531:Ahrar ash-Sham 1521: 1516: 1506: 1504: 1503: 1502: 1501: 1491: 1490:Junud al-Mahdi 1472:Units involved 1471: 1470: 1469: 1458: 1457: 1445: 1433: 1421: 1409: 1404: 1392: 1391: 1390: 1372:Units involved 1371: 1370: 1369: 1356: 1355: 1353:(Oct–Dec 2016) 1338: 1326: 1314: 1298: 1297: 1296: 1283: 1282: 1277: 1276: 1275: 1270: 1250:Units involved 1249: 1248: 1247: 1234: 1233: 1232: 1231: 1211: 1210: 1209: 1204: 1194: 1193: 1192: 1177: 1169: 1157: 1156: 1155: 1152: 1142: 1130: 1128:Special Forces 1125: 1122: 1119: 1114:17th Division 1104: 1099: 1089: 1088: 1087: 1085:Syrian Marines 1067: 1042:Units involved 1041: 1040: 1039: 1025: 1024: 1023:Units involved 1020: 1019: 1017: 1016: 982: 981: 980: 975:Sewsen Bîrhat 926: 924: 923: 909: 889: 872: 847: 833: 819:Yusef al-Jader 816: 795: 794: 793: 761: 759: 758: 734: 732:(IRGC General) 711: 699: 697:(IRGC General) 678: 653: 652: 651: 644:Mohammed Akkad 633:(4th Division) 629:Maher al-Assad 539: 538: 534: 533: 497: 427: 278: 277: 273: 272: 269: 268: 267: 266: 264:Sheikh Maqsoud 260: 257: 248: 236: 232: 231: 191: 189: 185: 184: 179: 171: 170: 168: 167: 161: 147: 137: 127: 123:al-Nusra Front 117: 107: 99: 98: 97: 60: 59: 52: 51: 39: 38: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 20829: 20818: 20815: 20813: 20812:Urban warfare 20810: 20808: 20805: 20803: 20800: 20798: 20795: 20793: 20790: 20788: 20785: 20783: 20780: 20778: 20775: 20773: 20770: 20768: 20765: 20763: 20760: 20758: 20755: 20753: 20750: 20748: 20745: 20743: 20740: 20738: 20735: 20733: 20730: 20728: 20725: 20723: 20720: 20718: 20715: 20713: 20710: 20708: 20705: 20703: 20700: 20699: 20697: 20682: 20674: 20673: 20670: 20656: 20653: 20651: 20648: 20646: 20643: 20641: 20638: 20636: 20633: 20631: 20628: 20626: 20623: 20621: 20618: 20617: 20615: 20611: 20605: 20602: 20601: 20599: 20595: 20589: 20586: 20584: 20581: 20579: 20576: 20574: 20571: 20569: 20566: 20564: 20561: 20559: 20556: 20554: 20551: 20549: 20546: 20544: 20541: 20539: 20536: 20534: 20531: 20527: 20524: 20523: 20522: 20519: 20517: 20514: 20512: 20509: 20508: 20506: 20504: 20503:Peace process 20500: 20494: 20491: 20489: 20486: 20484: 20481: 20479: 20476: 20474: 20471: 20469: 20466: 20464: 20461: 20459: 20456: 20454: 20451: 20449: 20446: 20444: 20441: 20439: 20436: 20434: 20431: 20429: 20426: 20424: 20421: 20420: 20418: 20414: 20408: 20405: 20403: 20400: 20398: 20395: 20393: 20390: 20388: 20385: 20383: 20380: 20378: 20375: 20373: 20370: 20368: 20365: 20363: 20360: 20359: 20357: 20353: 20349: 20342: 20338: 20328: 20325: 20323: 20320: 20318: 20315: 20313: 20310: 20308: 20307:Yaser Tabbara 20305: 20303: 20300: 20298: 20295: 20293: 20290: 20288: 20285: 20283: 20280: 20278: 20275: 20273: 20272:Dawoud Rajiha 20270: 20268: 20265: 20263: 20260: 20258: 20255: 20253: 20250: 20248: 20245: 20243: 20240: 20238: 20235: 20233: 20230: 20228: 20227:Ghassan Hitto 20225: 20223: 20220: 20218: 20215: 20213: 20210: 20208: 20205: 20203: 20200: 20198: 20197:Suheir Atassi 20195: 20193: 20190: 20188: 20185: 20183: 20180: 20178: 20177:Fida al-Sayed 20175: 20173: 20170: 20168: 20165: 20163: 20160: 20158: 20155: 20153: 20150: 20148: 20145: 20143: 20140: 20138: 20135: 20133: 20132:Riad al-Asaad 20130: 20126: 20123: 20121: 20120:Rami Makhlouf 20118: 20116: 20113: 20111: 20108: 20106: 20103: 20102: 20101: 20098: 20096: 20093: 20091: 20088: 20086: 20083: 20082: 20079: 20072: 20068: 20050: 20047: 20045: 20042: 20040: 20037: 20035: 20032: 20030: 20027: 20025: 20022: 20020: 20017: 20016: 20014: 20011: 20007: 20001: 19998: 19996: 19993: 19991: 19988: 19986: 19983: 19981: 19978: 19976: 19973: 19972: 19970: 19968: 19967:Islamic State 19964: 19961: 19959: 19955: 19945: 19942: 19940: 19937: 19935: 19932: 19930: 19927: 19925: 19922: 19921: 19919: 19915: 19909: 19906: 19904: 19901: 19899: 19896: 19894: 19891: 19889: 19886: 19884: 19881: 19879: 19876: 19874: 19871: 19869: 19866: 19865: 19863: 19861: 19857: 19851: 19848: 19846: 19843: 19841: 19838: 19837: 19835: 19833: 19829: 19826: 19824: 19818: 19808: 19805: 19803: 19800: 19798: 19795: 19793: 19790: 19788: 19785: 19784: 19782: 19780: 19776: 19770: 19767: 19765: 19762: 19760: 19757: 19755: 19752: 19750: 19747: 19745: 19744:Army of Glory 19742: 19740: 19737: 19735: 19732: 19730: 19727: 19726: 19724: 19720: 19714: 19711: 19709: 19706: 19704: 19701: 19699: 19696: 19694: 19691: 19689: 19686: 19684: 19681: 19677: 19674: 19673: 19672: 19669: 19668: 19666: 19664: 19660: 19657: 19655: 19651: 19641: 19638: 19636: 19633: 19629: 19626: 19624: 19621: 19619: 19616: 19615: 19614: 19611: 19607: 19604: 19603: 19602: 19599: 19597: 19594: 19593: 19591: 19589: 19585: 19579: 19576: 19574: 19571: 19569: 19566: 19564: 19561: 19559: 19556: 19555: 19553: 19549: 19543: 19540: 19538: 19535: 19533: 19530: 19528: 19525: 19524: 19522: 19520: 19516: 19513: 19509: 19505: 19498: 19494: 19475: 19472: 19471: 19469: 19465: 19459: 19456: 19454: 19451: 19449: 19446: 19444: 19441: 19439: 19436: 19434: 19431: 19429: 19426: 19424: 19421: 19419: 19416: 19415: 19413: 19410: 19406: 19400: 19397: 19395: 19392: 19390: 19387: 19385: 19382: 19380: 19377: 19376: 19374: 19371: 19367: 19361: 19358: 19357: 19355: 19353: 19349: 19343: 19340: 19338: 19335: 19333: 19330: 19329: 19327: 19324: 19320: 19314: 19311: 19309: 19306: 19304: 19301: 19300: 19298: 19295: 19291: 19288: 19286: 19285: 19280: 19274: 19271: 19269: 19266: 19264: 19261: 19259: 19256: 19255: 19253: 19251: 19246: 19241: 19235: 19232: 19230: 19227: 19225: 19222: 19220: 19217: 19215: 19212: 19210: 19207: 19205: 19202: 19201: 19199: 19197: 19192: 19187: 19181: 19178: 19176: 19175:Daraa clashes 19173: 19171: 19168: 19166: 19163: 19161: 19158: 19156: 19153: 19151: 19148: 19147: 19145: 19143: 19138: 19133: 19127: 19124: 19122: 19119: 19117: 19114: 19112: 19109: 19107: 19106:Afrin bombing 19104: 19102: 19099: 19098: 19096: 19094: 19089: 19084: 19078: 19077:US airstrikes 19075: 19073: 19070: 19068: 19065: 19063: 19060: 19058: 19055: 19053: 19050: 19048: 19045: 19043: 19040: 19038: 19035: 19033: 19032:June bombings 19030: 19028: 19025: 19023: 19020: 19018: 19015: 19013: 19010: 19008: 19005: 19003: 19000: 18998: 18995: 18994: 18992: 18990: 18986: 18982: 18977: 18972: 18966: 18963: 18961: 18958: 18956: 18953: 18951: 18948: 18946: 18943: 18941: 18938: 18936: 18933: 18931: 18928: 18926: 18923: 18921: 18918: 18916: 18913: 18911: 18908: 18906: 18903: 18901: 18898: 18896: 18893: 18891: 18888: 18886: 18883: 18881: 18878: 18876: 18873: 18871: 18868: 18867: 18865: 18863: 18859: 18855: 18850: 18845: 18839: 18836: 18832: 18829: 18827: 18824: 18822: 18819: 18817: 18814: 18813: 18812: 18809: 18807: 18804: 18802: 18799: 18797: 18794: 18792: 18789: 18787: 18784: 18782: 18779: 18777: 18774: 18772: 18769: 18767: 18764: 18762: 18759: 18757: 18754: 18752: 18749: 18747: 18744: 18742: 18739: 18737: 18734: 18732: 18729: 18727: 18724: 18722: 18719: 18717: 18714: 18712: 18709: 18707: 18704: 18702: 18699: 18697: 18694: 18692: 18689: 18687: 18684: 18682: 18679: 18677: 18674: 18672: 18669: 18667: 18664: 18662: 18659: 18657: 18654: 18652: 18649: 18647: 18644: 18642: 18639: 18637: 18634: 18633: 18631: 18629: 18625: 18621: 18616: 18611: 18605: 18602: 18600: 18597: 18595: 18592: 18590: 18587: 18585: 18582: 18580: 18577: 18575: 18572: 18570: 18567: 18565: 18562: 18560: 18557: 18555: 18552: 18550: 18547: 18545: 18542: 18540: 18537: 18535: 18532: 18530: 18527: 18523: 18520: 18519: 18518: 18515: 18513: 18510: 18508: 18505: 18503: 18500: 18498: 18495: 18493: 18490: 18488: 18485: 18483: 18480: 18478: 18475: 18473: 18470: 18468: 18465: 18463: 18460: 18458: 18455: 18453: 18450: 18448: 18445: 18443: 18440: 18438: 18435: 18433: 18430: 18428: 18425: 18423: 18420: 18418: 18415: 18414: 18412: 18410: 18406: 18402: 18397: 18392: 18386: 18383: 18381: 18378: 18376: 18373: 18371: 18368: 18366: 18363: 18361: 18358: 18356: 18353: 18351: 18348: 18346: 18343: 18341: 18338: 18336: 18333: 18331: 18328: 18326: 18323: 18321: 18318: 18316: 18313: 18311: 18308: 18306: 18303: 18301: 18298: 18296: 18293: 18291: 18288: 18286: 18283: 18281: 18278: 18276: 18273: 18271: 18268: 18266: 18263: 18261: 18258: 18256: 18253: 18252: 18250: 18248: 18244: 18239: 18234: 18228: 18225: 18223: 18220: 18218: 18215: 18213: 18210: 18208: 18205: 18203: 18200: 18198: 18195: 18193: 18190: 18188: 18185: 18183: 18180: 18178: 18175: 18173: 18170: 18168: 18165: 18161: 18158: 18157: 18156: 18153: 18151: 18148: 18144: 18141: 18140: 18139: 18136: 18134: 18131: 18129: 18126: 18124: 18121: 18119: 18116: 18114: 18111: 18109: 18106: 18104: 18101: 18099: 18098:Maan massacre 18096: 18094: 18091: 18089: 18086: 18082: 18079: 18077: 18074: 18073: 18072: 18069: 18068: 18066: 18064: 18060: 18055: 18050: 18044: 18041: 18039: 18036: 18034: 18031: 18029: 18026: 18024: 18021: 18019: 18016: 18014: 18013:Adra massacre 18011: 18009: 18006: 18004: 18001: 17999: 17996: 17994: 17991: 17989: 17986: 17982: 17979: 17978: 17977: 17974: 17972: 17969: 17965: 17962: 17961: 17960: 17957: 17955: 17952: 17948: 17945: 17944: 17943: 17940: 17938: 17935: 17933: 17930: 17928: 17925: 17924: 17922: 17920: 17916: 17911: 17906: 17900: 17897: 17895: 17892: 17890: 17887: 17883: 17880: 17879: 17878: 17875: 17873: 17870: 17866: 17863: 17862: 17861: 17858: 17856: 17853: 17851: 17848: 17846: 17843: 17841: 17838: 17834: 17831: 17830: 17829: 17826: 17824: 17821: 17817: 17814: 17812: 17809: 17808: 17807: 17804: 17800: 17797: 17796: 17795: 17792: 17790: 17787: 17785: 17782: 17780: 17777: 17775: 17772: 17770: 17767: 17763: 17760: 17759: 17758: 17755: 17753: 17750: 17748: 17745: 17743: 17740: 17738: 17735: 17734: 17732: 17730: 17726: 17722: 17717: 17712: 17706: 17703: 17701: 17698: 17696: 17693: 17691: 17688: 17686: 17683: 17679: 17676: 17674: 17671: 17670: 17669: 17666: 17664: 17661: 17659: 17656: 17654: 17651: 17649: 17648:Siege of Homs 17646: 17644: 17643:Siege of Hama 17641: 17639: 17636: 17634: 17631: 17629: 17626: 17624: 17621: 17619: 17616: 17614: 17611: 17609: 17606: 17605: 17603: 17601: 17597: 17593: 17588: 17583: 17577: 17574: 17572: 17569: 17567: 17564: 17562: 17559: 17557: 17554: 17552: 17549: 17547: 17544: 17542: 17539: 17537: 17534: 17532: 17529: 17527: 17524: 17523: 17521: 17519: 17518: 17513: 17509: 17505: 17500: 17496: 17482: 17479: 17477: 17474: 17473: 17471: 17467: 17461: 17458: 17456: 17453: 17451: 17448: 17446: 17443: 17441: 17438: 17436: 17433: 17431: 17428: 17426: 17423: 17421: 17418: 17416: 17413: 17411: 17408: 17406: 17403: 17402: 17400: 17396: 17390: 17387: 17385: 17382: 17381: 17379: 17375: 17369: 17366: 17364: 17361: 17359: 17356: 17354: 17351: 17349: 17346: 17345: 17343: 17339: 17333: 17330: 17328: 17325: 17323: 17320: 17318: 17315: 17314: 17312: 17308: 17302: 17299: 17297: 17294: 17292: 17289: 17287: 17284: 17282: 17279: 17277: 17276:Belligerents 17274: 17272: 17269: 17267: 17264: 17262: 17259: 17257: 17254: 17252: 17249: 17247: 17244: 17242: 17239: 17238: 17236: 17232: 17228: 17221: 17217: 17213: 17206: 17201: 17199: 17194: 17192: 17187: 17186: 17183: 17176: 17172: 17169: 17166: 17162: 17159: 17156: 17153: 17151: 17148: 17146: 17145:, 24 May 2017 17144: 17139: 17138: 17128: 17126:9780190613181 17122: 17118: 17114: 17113: 17107: 17103: 17096: 17091: 17087: 17080: 17075: 17074: 17062: 17058: 17052: 17036: 17032: 17028: 17021: 17005: 16999: 16983: 16979: 16972: 16964: 16959: 16951: 16935: 16928: 16920: 16916: 16910: 16894: 16890: 16883: 16875: 16871: 16865: 16849: 16845: 16841: 16835: 16819: 16815: 16808: 16792: 16788: 16782: 16766: 16762: 16758: 16752: 16737: 16733: 16727: 16711: 16705: 16689: 16683: 16676: 16671: 16655: 16649: 16642: 16637: 16635: 16618: 16612: 16597: 16596: 16591: 16584: 16568: 16567: 16562: 16556: 16540: 16534: 16518: 16512: 16496: 16492: 16486: 16470: 16464: 16448: 16444: 16438: 16422: 16418: 16414: 16407: 16391: 16387: 16381: 16365: 16359: 16343: 16339: 16333: 16317: 16311: 16295: 16289: 16274: 16270: 16266: 16259: 16243: 16239: 16233: 16217: 16213: 16207: 16191: 16187: 16183: 16177: 16169: 16163: 16148: 16144: 16140: 16139:Julian Borger 16134: 16118: 16114: 16108: 16100: 16099: 16094: 16088: 16080: 16076: 16070: 16062: 16058: 16052: 16044: 16040: 16033: 16018: 16014: 16007: 15999: 15993: 15985: 15981: 15975: 15967: 15961: 15953: 15952: 15947: 15941: 15939: 15923: 15919: 15912: 15910: 15894: 15890: 15883: 15867: 15863: 15858: 15851: 15844: 15840: 15835: 15816: 15810: 15794: 15790: 15784: 15768: 15762: 15746: 15742: 15738: 15732: 15717: 15713: 15707: 15705: 15689: 15685: 15679: 15664: 15660: 15654: 15646: 15640: 15632: 15626: 15610: 15604: 15597: 15591: 15583: 15579: 15575: 15569: 15554:on 7 May 2017 15553: 15549: 15543: 15535: 15531: 15525: 15517: 15513: 15507: 15499: 15495: 15489: 15473: 15467: 15452: 15448: 15441: 15439: 15431: 15430:Lister (2015) 15426: 15419: 15413: 15405: 15401: 15395: 15379: 15373: 15371: 15354: 15350: 15344: 15337: 15332: 15330: 15322: 15321: 15316: 15311: 15304: 15300: 15295: 15288: 15282: 15266: 15265: 15260: 15254: 15239: 15235: 15228: 15220: 15216: 15210: 15194: 15190: 15184: 15177: 15171: 15163: 15159: 15152: 15145: 15140: 15133: 15128: 15112: 15106: 15098: 15094: 15087: 15071: 15065: 15049: 15043: 15027: 15021: 15019: 15002: 14996: 14980: 14974: 14959: 14955: 14949: 14934: 14930: 14924: 14908: 14902: 14894: 14890: 14886: 14880: 14861: 14854: 14848: 14846: 14844: 14842: 14825: 14819: 14804:. 30 May 2015 14803: 14799: 14793: 14777: 14770: 14754: 14750: 14744: 14728: 14722: 14706: 14700: 14698: 14681: 14675: 14659: 14655: 14648: 14632: 14628: 14622: 14607: 14603: 14597: 14581: 14575: 14559: 14555: 14549: 14533: 14527: 14511: 14505: 14503: 14486: 14480: 14464: 14458: 14443: 14439: 14432: 14416: 14410: 14402: 14398: 14393: 14388: 14383: 14378: 14374: 14370: 14366: 14359: 14343: 14339: 14333: 14317: 14313: 14307: 14291: 14287: 14281: 14262: 14256: 14240: 14239: 14234: 14228: 14220: 14219: 14214: 14207: 14192: 14188: 14181: 14173: 14169: 14162: 14160: 14158: 14142: 14138: 14131: 14124: 14111: 14107: 14100: 14084: 14080: 14073: 14058: 14054: 14047: 14031: 14025: 14010: 14006: 13999: 13983: 13979: 13973: 13957: 13951: 13935: 13931: 13924: 13909: 13905: 13898: 13882: 13878: 13874: 13867: 13851: 13847: 13841: 13826: 13822: 13815: 13799: 13793: 13778: 13774: 13767: 13751: 13747: 13741: 13725: 13721: 13714: 13698: 13694: 13690: 13683: 13668: 13664: 13648: 13642: 13627: 13623: 13608: 13594: 13590: 13583: 13567: 13563: 13557: 13541: 13535: 13519: 13513: 13497: 13491: 13475: 13471: 13467: 13461: 13445: 13441: 13435: 13427: 13423: 13417: 13401: 13395: 13379: 13375: 13369: 13353: 13349: 13343: 13335: 13331: 13325: 13317: 13313: 13307: 13299: 13295: 13289: 13281: 13277: 13271: 13263: 13262:Times of Oman 13259: 13253: 13245: 13241: 13235: 13219: 13213: 13197: 13191: 13176:on 2 May 2019 13175: 13171: 13164: 13148: 13144: 13138: 13130: 13126: 13120: 13104: 13100: 13094: 13086: 13082: 13075: 13067: 13063: 13057: 13041: 13037: 13031: 13029: 13013: 13006: 12991: 12987: 12980: 12972: 12968: 12962: 12954: 12950: 12943: 12927: 12923: 12917: 12901: 12897: 12893: 12887: 12871: 12867: 12863: 12857: 12841: 12837: 12833: 12826: 12810: 12806: 12802: 12795: 12787: 12783: 12776: 12768: 12764: 12757: 12741: 12737: 12730: 12728: 12711: 12707: 12703: 12696: 12680: 12676: 12672: 12665: 12649: 12645: 12641: 12635: 12619: 12615: 12611: 12604: 12589:. 4 July 2015 12588: 12584: 12578: 12570: 12566: 12560: 12552: 12548: 12544: 12537: 12529: 12525: 12521: 12514: 12506: 12500: 12492: 12488: 12482: 12467: 12463: 12456: 12441: 12437: 12430: 12415: 12411: 12404: 12388: 12384: 12382: 12374: 12355: 12348: 12332: 12328: 12321: 12305: 12301: 12297: 12290: 12274: 12270: 12266: 12260: 12244: 12240: 12236: 12230: 12214: 12210: 12206: 12200: 12184: 12180: 12173: 12157: 12153: 12147: 12131: 12127: 12120: 12118: 12101: 12097: 12091: 12075: 12071: 12065: 12049: 12043: 12027: 12023: 12017: 12001: 11997: 11993: 11986: 11970: 11966: 11962: 11955: 11939: 11935: 11931: 11924: 11908: 11904: 11900: 11893: 11877: 11871: 11863: 11859: 11853: 11845: 11841: 11835: 11820:. 22 May 2014 11819: 11813: 11797: 11793: 11787: 11771: 11767: 11761: 11745: 11741: 11735: 11719: 11715: 11711: 11705: 11689: 11683: 11667: 11661: 11645: 11641: 11637: 11631: 11615: 11611: 11606: 11598: 11582: 11578: 11572: 11557: 11553: 11547: 11531: 11525: 11509: 11505: 11499: 11483: 11479: 11472: 11470: 11453: 11449: 11443: 11427: 11423: 11417: 11401: 11397: 11391: 11375: 11371: 11367: 11360: 11344: 11340: 11336: 11330: 11314: 11310: 11303: 11287: 11283: 11277: 11269: 11265: 11264:The Telegraph 11260: 11253: 11237: 11233: 11227: 11219: 11215: 11211: 11204: 11196: 11190: 11174: 11170: 11164: 11156: 11150: 11142: 11136: 11120: 11113: 11097: 11093: 11086: 11071: 11064: 11048: 11044: 11038: 11022: 11018: 11012: 10997: 10993: 10986: 10978: 10974: 10967: 10951: 10947: 10941: 10925: 10921: 10917: 10911: 10896: 10892: 10885: 10870: 10866: 10859: 10844: 10843: 10838: 10831: 10815: 10811: 10807: 10801: 10785: 10781: 10774: 10758: 10751: 10735: 10731: 10724: 10708: 10704: 10697: 10681: 10675: 10660: 10656: 10649: 10633: 10629: 10623: 10607: 10600: 10598: 10581: 10577: 10571: 10564: 10560: 10554: 10538: 10534: 10530: 10523: 10516: 10513:Diana Darke " 10510: 10508: 10506: 10490: 10486: 10479: 10463: 10459: 10453: 10437: 10433: 10427: 10411: 10407: 10403: 10396: 10394: 10377: 10376: 10371: 10365: 10350: 10346: 10340: 10325: 10321: 10314: 10312: 10310: 10293: 10287: 10272: 10268: 10261: 10245: 10241: 10235: 10227: 10223: 10217: 10201: 10195: 10193: 10191: 10182: 10178: 10177:The Telegraph 10173: 10165: 10149: 10143: 10141: 10124: 10118: 10116: 10107: 10103: 10096: 10077: 10073: 10067: 10060: 10059: 10051: 10049: 10040: 10036: 10029: 10021: 10017: 10016:"Middle East" 10010: 10002: 9996: 9988: 9984: 9978: 9963: 9959: 9952: 9944: 9943: 9938: 9932: 9916: 9912: 9906: 9890: 9886: 9882: 9876: 9861: 9857: 9850: 9834: 9830: 9823: 9815: 9811: 9805: 9797: 9793: 9787: 9779: 9775: 9769: 9761: 9754: 9746: 9742: 9735: 9729: 9723: 9708: 9704: 9700: 9696: 9689: 9681: 9677: 9676:The Telegraph 9672: 9664: 9656: 9652: 9644: 9640: 9639:The Telegraph 9635: 9627: 9619: 9615: 9609: 9594: 9590: 9583: 9575: 9571: 9564: 9548: 9544: 9537: 9529: 9525: 9518: 9516: 9508: 9502: 9486: 9482: 9476: 9474: 9457: 9453: 9447: 9445: 9428: 9424: 9418: 9416: 9414: 9412: 9395: 9389: 9387: 9371: 9367: 9360: 9345: 9341: 9334: 9332: 9315: 9311: 9307: 9292: 9288: 9272: 9268: 9264: 9257: 9241: 9237: 9230: 9214: 9207: 9199: 9193: 9178: 9174: 9168: 9160: 9159: 9152: 9136: 9132: 9126: 9110: 9104: 9096: 9095: 9090: 9084: 9076: 9072: 9065: 9063: 9046: 9042: 9036: 9020: 9013: 9007: 9005: 8988: 8982: 8966: 8959: 8943: 8939: 8933: 8917: 8913: 8909: 8903: 8901: 8899: 8883: 8879: 8872: 8864: 8860: 8854: 8835: 8828: 8821: 8819: 8802: 8795: 8787: 8783: 8776: 8761: 8755: 8740: 8736: 8729: 8713: 8709: 8703: 8696: 8684: 8677: 8669: 8668:Syria Comment 8665: 8658: 8656: 8640: 8639: 8634: 8627: 8625: 8623: 8621: 8604: 8603: 8598: 8592: 8590: 8573: 8567: 8565: 8556: 8549: 8533: 8527: 8511: 8507: 8501: 8485: 8481: 8474: 8458: 8454: 8447: 8431: 8427: 8420: 8418: 8409: 8405: 8399: 8392: 8389: 8384: 8368: 8364: 8358: 8342: 8338: 8334: 8328: 8326: 8309: 8305: 8301: 8295: 8279: 8275: 8270: 8262: 8254: 8250: 8244: 8228: 8222: 8215: 8212: 8207: 8191: 8187: 8183: 8176: 8160: 8156: 8152: 8145: 8129: 8125: 8121: 8115: 8099: 8095: 8088: 8072: 8068: 8062: 8055: 8052: 8048: 8045: 8040: 8025:on 2 May 2019 8024: 8020: 8016: 8009: 7993: 7986: 7971: 7965: 7950: 7946: 7940: 7924: 7918: 7912:, p. 18. 7911: 7906: 7890: 7886: 7882: 7875: 7873: 7871: 7854: 7850: 7846: 7839: 7823: 7819: 7813: 7805: 7801: 7795: 7780: 7776: 7769: 7754:. 4 July 2015 7753: 7749: 7743: 7741: 7732: 7728: 7722: 7706: 7702: 7696: 7694: 7692: 7690: 7681: 7677: 7671: 7664: 7659: 7643: 7639: 7633: 7617: 7610: 7594: 7587: 7572: 7568: 7561: 7559: 7557: 7555: 7553: 7551: 7549: 7547: 7545: 7543: 7541: 7539: 7523: 7519: 7512: 7497: 7493: 7486: 7484: 7482: 7480: 7478: 7476: 7474: 7469: 7454: 7450: 7439: 7436: 7434: 7431: 7429: 7426: 7424: 7421: 7419: 7416: 7414: 7411: 7409: 7406: 7403: 7400: 7398: 7395: 7393: 7390: 7388: 7385: 7382: 7379: 7376: 7375:Siege of Homs 7373: 7372: 7367: 7361: 7356: 7346: 7342: 7339: 7335: 7332: 7329: 7326: 7323: 7320: 7317: 7316: 7310: 7308: 7303: 7300:spokesperson 7299: 7295: 7291: 7273: 7268: 7261: 7256: 7255: 7254: 7251: 7249: 7245: 7244: 7238: 7234: 7230: 7224: 7221: 7215: 7213: 7209: 7205: 7197: 7194: 7190: 7189:William Hague 7187: 7184: 7179: 7175: 7171: 7168: 7164: 7160: 7156: 7152: 7148: 7144: 7140: 7136: 7132: 7131:Angela Merkel 7128: 7125: 7120: 7116: 7112: 7108: 7103: 7098: 7097: 7091: 7088: 7087: 7081: 7078: 7074: 7070: 7066: 7061: 7051: 7042: 7040: 7030: 7028: 7024: 7001: 6996: 6989: 6984: 6983: 6979: 6975: 6970: 6966: 6964: 6960: 6956: 6952: 6948: 6947: 6942: 6940: 6936: 6932: 6928: 6927:al-Sharafiyya 6924: 6920: 6916: 6911: 6907: 6903: 6899: 6894: 6892: 6888: 6884: 6880: 6876: 6872: 6871: 6866: 6860: 6856: 6854: 6853: 6843: 6841: 6831: 6823: 6819: 6816: 6811: 6808: 6803: 6799: 6794: 6792: 6788: 6783: 6778: 6776: 6772: 6768: 6764: 6759: 6756: 6752: 6749:", makeshift 6748: 6745:, including " 6744: 6726: 6721: 6714: 6709: 6708: 6707: 6705: 6701: 6697: 6693: 6688: 6684: 6682: 6678: 6673: 6671: 6667: 6663: 6658: 6656: 6655:bunker buster 6652: 6648: 6647:Cluster bombs 6644: 6640: 6635: 6631: 6629: 6625: 6621: 6615: 6612: 6606: 6603: 6599: 6598:Tirana Hassan 6592: 6590: 6579: 6575: 6572: 6568: 6565: 6562: 6559: 6556: 6553: 6552: 6548: 6547: 6546: 6543: 6541: 6540: 6535: 6531: 6527: 6524:In 2014, the 6522: 6520: 6516: 6511: 6508: 6504: 6500: 6494: 6489: 6486: 6482: 6478: 6474: 6470: 6466: 6462: 6458: 6454: 6450: 6446: 6440: 6438: 6434: 6428: 6422: 6407: 6405: 6401: 6397: 6393: 6392:poliomyelitis 6387: 6385: 6381: 6379: 6374: 6372: 6367: 6365: 6360: 6358: 6354: 6349: 6345: 6336: 6327: 6325: 6324: 6318: 6307: 6304: 6303:Faisal Mekdad 6300: 6296: 6293:According to 6291: 6289: 6285: 6281: 6276: 6274: 6270: 6266: 6264: 6259: 6254: 6252: 6247: 6242: 6239: 6235: 6231: 6227: 6222: 6220: 6216: 6212: 6202: 6200: 6195: 6193: 6189: 6185: 6180: 6178: 6174: 6170: 6160: 6156: 6149: 6145: 6141: 6139: 6135: 6130: 6128: 6122: 6118: 6114: 6112: 6108: 6104: 6100: 6096: 6091: 6078: 6074: 6064: 6054: 6044: 6034: 6024: 6016: 6011: 6007: 6003: 5999: 5995: 5991: 5981: 5978: 5974: 5971: 5966: 5959: 5955: 5952:mounted on a 5951: 5948: 5944: 5940: 5938: 5934: 5930: 5926: 5921: 5913: 5898: 5894: 5890: 5882: 5877: 5873: 5867: 5857: 5854: 5850: 5843: 5833: 5831: 5827: 5823: 5819: 5818: 5813: 5808: 5805: 5801: 5796: 5794: 5789: 5785: 5777: 5773: 5769: 5766: 5761: 5756: 5742: 5738: 5721: 5714: 5709: 5705: 5699: 5694: 5693: 5692: 5690: 5686: 5682: 5676: 5674: 5668: 5653: 5651: 5646: 5644: 5640: 5635: 5631: 5627: 5623: 5622:Kurdish Front 5619: 5614: 5612: 5608: 5607:urban warfare 5604: 5600: 5596: 5588: 5584: 5582: 5578: 5574: 5568: 5564: 5562: 5558: 5554: 5550: 5546: 5542: 5538: 5534: 5526: 5522: 5518: 5514: 5510: 5501: 5499: 5495: 5491: 5486: 5483: 5479: 5478: 5473: 5469: 5465: 5459: 5449: 5447: 5444: 5440: 5435: 5430: 5428: 5424: 5420: 5416: 5412: 5408: 5404: 5400: 5395: 5393: 5389: 5385: 5381: 5376: 5374: 5370: 5366: 5363:militias and 5362: 5358: 5354: 5350: 5346: 5342: 5338: 5334: 5330: 5326: 5321: 5315: 5306: 5302: 5287: 5286: 5282: 5280: 5277: 5275: 5274:SAA offensive 5272: 5268: 5265: 5263: 5260: 5258: 5255: 5254: 5253: 5252: 5248: 5246: 5243: 5241: 5238: 5236: 5233: 5232: 5231: 5230: 5224: 5223:SAA offensive 5221: 5219: 5216: 5214: 5211: 5210: 5209: 5208: 5202: 5201: 5197: 5196: 5195: 5194: 5188: 5187: 5183: 5181: 5180:SAA offensive 5178: 5176: 5175:Khan al-Assal 5173: 5171: 5168: 5167: 5166: 5165: 5159: 5156: 5154: 5151: 5149: 5146: 5145: 5144: 5143: 5137: 5134: 5132: 5129: 5127: 5124: 5122: 5119: 5117: 5114: 5113: 5108: 5103: 5093: 5088: 5086: 5081: 5079: 5074: 5073: 5070: 5054: 5051: 5049: 5046: 5044: 5041: 5039: 5036: 5034: 5031: 5027: 5024: 5023: 5022: 5019: 5017: 5014: 5010: 5007: 5006: 5005: 5002: 5000: 4997: 4993: 4990: 4988: 4987:May 2015 raid 4985: 4983: 4980: 4978: 4975: 4973: 4970: 4969: 4968: 4965: 4964: 4963: 4962: 4956: 4955:Israel's role 4953: 4949: 4946: 4944: 4941: 4939: 4936: 4934: 4931: 4929: 4926: 4924: 4921: 4919: 4916: 4915: 4914: 4911: 4909: 4906: 4905: 4904: 4903: 4897: 4894: 4890: 4887: 4885: 4882: 4881: 4880: 4877: 4875: 4872: 4871: 4870: 4865: 4860: 4850: 4845: 4843: 4838: 4836: 4831: 4830: 4827: 4817: 4814: 4813: 4808: 4805: 4804: 4798: 4795: 4793: 4790: 4788: 4787:Andrei Karlov 4785: 4783: 4780: 4779: 4778: 4775: 4774: 4768: 4765: 4763: 4760: 4758: 4755: 4754: 4752: 4751: 4745: 4742: 4740: 4737: 4735: 4732: 4730: 4727: 4726: 4725: 4722: 4721: 4715: 4712: 4710: 4707: 4706: 4705: 4702: 4701: 4697: 4694: 4693: 4689: 4688:Kurdish riots 4686: 4682: 4679: 4677: 4674: 4672: 4669: 4668: 4667: 4664: 4663: 4657: 4654: 4652: 4649: 4647: 4644: 4642: 4639: 4638: 4637: 4634: 4633: 4630: 4625: 4615: 4610: 4608: 4603: 4601: 4596: 4595: 4592: 4582: 4579: 4577: 4574: 4571: 4567: 4566: 4562: 4560: 4557: 4555: 4552: 4550: 4547: 4545: 4542: 4540: 4537: 4535: 4534: 4530: 4528: 4525: 4523: 4520: 4518: 4515: 4513: 4510: 4508: 4505: 4503: 4500: 4498: 4495: 4493: 4490: 4488: 4485: 4483: 4480: 4478: 4475: 4473: 4470: 4469: 4466: 4455: 4450: 4448: 4443: 4441: 4436: 4435: 4432: 4422: 4419: 4417: 4414: 4410: 4409: 4408:Spring Shield 4405: 4403: 4400: 4399: 4398: 4397: 4393: 4391: 4388: 4386: 4383: 4381: 4378: 4376: 4375:Kayla Mueller 4373: 4370: 4366: 4365: 4361: 4359: 4356: 4354: 4351: 4349: 4346: 4344: 4341: 4339: 4338: 4334: 4333: 4330: 4324: 4318: 4317: 4310: 4300: 4295: 4293: 4288: 4286: 4281: 4280: 4277: 4265: 4262: 4261: 4260: 4259: 4255: 4253: 4250: 4248: 4247: 4243: 4241: 4238: 4236: 4233: 4231: 4228: 4224: 4221: 4220: 4219: 4216: 4215: 4212: 4205: 4195: 4190: 4188: 4183: 4181: 4176: 4175: 4172: 4162: 4159: 4157: 4154: 4152: 4149: 4147: 4146: 4142: 4140: 4137: 4135: 4132: 4130: 4127: 4125: 4124: 4120: 4118: 4117: 4113: 4111: 4110: 4109:Northern Homs 4106: 4104: 4103: 4099: 4097: 4094: 4092: 4089: 4086: 4082: 4081: 4077: 4075: 4072: 4070: 4067: 4063: 4062: 4058: 4056: 4053: 4052: 4051: 4050: 4046: 4044: 4041: 4037: 4034: 4033: 4032: 4031: 4027: 4025: 4022: 4020: 4017: 4015: 4012: 4010: 4009: 4005: 4003: 4002: 3998: 3997: 3994: 3987: 3986: 3974: 3969: 3967: 3962: 3960: 3955: 3954: 3951: 3941: 3938: 3934: 3933:2nd Abu Kamal 3931: 3929: 3926: 3924: 3921: 3919: 3916: 3915: 3914: 3913: 3909: 3907: 3906: 3902: 3900: 3899: 3895: 3893: 3890: 3888: 3887: 3886:Central Syria 3883: 3881: 3878: 3876: 3873: 3871: 3868: 3866: 3863: 3861: 3858: 3856: 3853: 3851: 3850: 3846: 3844: 3841: 3839: 3836: 3834: 3831: 3829: 3826: 3824: 3821: 3819: 3816: 3814: 3813: 3809: 3807: 3806:Khan Shaykhun 3804: 3802: 3801: 3797: 3795: 3794: 3790: 3788: 3785: 3783: 3780: 3779: 3776: 3770: 3769:Islamic State 3761: 3756: 3754: 3749: 3747: 3742: 3741: 3738: 3728: 3725: 3723: 3720: 3718: 3715: 3713: 3710: 3708: 3705: 3703: 3700: 3698: 3695: 3693: 3692:Azaz bombings 3690: 3688: 3685: 3683: 3680: 3678: 3675: 3673: 3672: 3668: 3666: 3665: 3661: 3659: 3656: 3654: 3651: 3649: 3646: 3644: 3641: 3639: 3636: 3634: 3631: 3629: 3626: 3624: 3621: 3619: 3616: 3614: 3611: 3609: 3606: 3604: 3603: 3599: 3595: 3592: 3590: 3587: 3585: 3582: 3581: 3580: 3579: 3575: 3573: 3570: 3568: 3565: 3563: 3560: 3558: 3555: 3553: 3552:1st Abu Kamal 3550: 3548: 3545: 3541: 3538: 3536: 3533: 3531: 3528: 3527: 3526: 3525: 3521: 3519: 3516: 3514: 3511: 3507: 3504: 3503: 3502: 3501: 3497: 3495: 3492: 3490: 3487: 3485: 3482: 3480: 3477: 3475: 3472: 3470: 3467: 3465: 3462: 3460: 3457: 3455: 3452: 3450: 3447: 3445: 3442: 3441: 3438: 3432: 3430: 3424: 3414: 3409: 3407: 3402: 3400: 3395: 3394: 3391: 3381: 3378: 3376: 3373: 3371: 3368: 3366: 3363: 3361: 3360:2nd Tel Abyad 3358: 3356: 3353: 3351: 3348: 3346: 3345:Homs bombings 3343: 3341: 3338: 3336: 3333: 3331: 3330: 3326: 3324: 3321: 3319: 3316: 3314: 3313:Orontes River 3311: 3309: 3306: 3304: 3301: 3299: 3296: 3294: 3291: 3289: 3286: 3284: 3283: 3279: 3277: 3274: 3272: 3269: 3267: 3266: 3262: 3258: 3257: 3253: 3252: 3251: 3250: 3246: 3244: 3241: 3239: 3236: 3234: 3233: 3229: 3228: 3225: 3219: 3209: 3204: 3202: 3197: 3195: 3190: 3189: 3186: 3176: 3173: 3171: 3168: 3166: 3163: 3161: 3158: 3156: 3155: 3151: 3149: 3146: 3144: 3141: 3139: 3136: 3134: 3131: 3129: 3126: 3124: 3121: 3119: 3116: 3114: 3111: 3109: 3106: 3104: 3103: 3099: 3097: 3094: 3092: 3089: 3087: 3086: 3082: 3080: 3077: 3075: 3074: 3070: 3068: 3065: 3063: 3060: 3058: 3055: 3051: 3048: 3047: 3046: 3045: 3044:5th Idlib Gov 3041: 3039: 3036: 3034: 3031: 3029: 3026: 3024: 3021: 3019: 3016: 3014: 3011: 3009: 3006: 3004: 3001: 2999: 2996: 2994: 2991: 2989: 2986: 2984: 2981: 2979: 2976: 2974: 2971: 2969: 2966: 2964: 2961: 2959: 2958: 2954: 2953: 2950: 2944: 2943:ISIL advances 2940: 2936: 2926: 2921: 2919: 2914: 2912: 2907: 2906: 2903: 2893: 2892: 2888: 2886: 2883: 2881: 2878: 2876: 2873: 2869: 2868:Tabqa Airbase 2866: 2865: 2864: 2863: 2859: 2857: 2854: 2852: 2851: 2847: 2843: 2840: 2839: 2838: 2835: 2833: 2832:2nd Wadi Deif 2830: 2828: 2825: 2823: 2820: 2818: 2815: 2813: 2810: 2808: 2805: 2803: 2800: 2798: 2795: 2793: 2790: 2786: 2785: 2781: 2779: 2776: 2774: 2771: 2770: 2769: 2768: 2764: 2763: 2760: 2754: 2744: 2739: 2737: 2732: 2730: 2725: 2724: 2721: 2711: 2708: 2706: 2705: 2701: 2699: 2696: 2694: 2691: 2689: 2686: 2684: 2681: 2679: 2676: 2674: 2671: 2669: 2668: 2664: 2660: 2659:2nd al-Qusayr 2657: 2656: 2655: 2654: 2650: 2646: 2645: 2641: 2639: 2636: 2634: 2631: 2630: 2629: 2628: 2624: 2622: 2619: 2617: 2615: 2611: 2607: 2605: 2604: 2600: 2598: 2595: 2593: 2590: 2586: 2583: 2582: 2581: 2578: 2576: 2573: 2571: 2570: 2566: 2562: 2559: 2557: 2554: 2553: 2552: 2549: 2547: 2546:Quneitra Gov. 2544: 2542: 2539: 2536: 2532: 2529: 2527: 2524: 2520: 2517: 2513: 2510: 2508: 2507:al-Yaarubiyah 2505: 2503: 2500: 2499: 2498: 2495: 2494: 2493: 2492: 2487: 2486: 2482: 2478: 2475: 2473: 2472: 2468: 2466: 2465:Khan al-Assal 2463: 2461: 2458: 2456: 2453: 2451: 2448: 2447: 2446: 2445: 2441: 2437: 2436: 2432: 2431: 2430: 2427: 2425: 2424: 2420: 2418: 2415: 2413: 2410: 2408: 2405: 2403: 2402: 2401:Northern Homs 2398: 2396: 2393: 2391: 2388: 2387: 2384: 2378: 2374: 2366: 2361: 2359: 2354: 2352: 2347: 2346: 2343: 2331: 2328: 2327: 2326: 2323: 2321: 2320:1st al-Qusayr 2318: 2316: 2313: 2309: 2306: 2305: 2304: 2303: 2299: 2295: 2292: 2291: 2290: 2289: 2285: 2281: 2278: 2276: 2273: 2272: 2271: 2268: 2266: 2265: 2261: 2259: 2256: 2254: 2251: 2249: 2246: 2242: 2239: 2237: 2234: 2232: 2229: 2227: 2224: 2223: 2222: 2221: 2217: 2213: 2210: 2209: 2208: 2207: 2203: 2202: 2199: 2193: 2183: 2178: 2176: 2171: 2169: 2164: 2163: 2160: 2150: 2147: 2145: 2142: 2140: 2137: 2135: 2132: 2130: 2127: 2125: 2122: 2120: 2117: 2115: 2112: 2110: 2107: 2106: 2103: 2097: 2089: 2084: 2082: 2077: 2075: 2070: 2069: 2066: 2062: 2056: 2055: 2051: 2049: 2048: 2044: 2040: 2039: 2035: 2034: 2033: 2032: 2028: 2026: 2025: 2021: 2019: 2018: 2014: 2013: 2007: 2004: 2002: 1999: 1997: 1994: 1992: 1989: 1987: 1984: 1981: 1978: 1976: 1973: 1971: 1968: 1966: 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