1465:
1486:(Arabic: جَـامِـع حَـلَـب الْـكَـبِـيْـر, Jāmi‘ Ḥalab al-Kabīr) is the largest and one of the oldest mosques in the city of Aleppo, Syria. It is located in al-Jalloum district of the Ancient City of Aleppo, a World Heritage Site, near the entrance to Al-Madina Souq. The mosque is purportedly home to the remains of Zechariah, the father of John the Baptist, both of whom are revered in Islam and Christianity. It was built in the beginning of the 8th century CE. However, the current building dates back to the 11th through 14th centuries. The minaret in the mosque was built in 1090, and was destroyed during fighting in the Syrian Civil War in April 2013.
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220:
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284:, many districts of the ancient city remained essentially unchanged since they were initially constructed between the 11th and 16th centuries. Being subjected to constant invasions and political instability, the inhabitants of the city were forced to build economically independent cell-like quarters and districts, most of which were delineated along ethnic and religious lines. These urban subdistricts, along with the ancient walled city that they surround, comprise an approximate area of 350 hectares (860 acres; 3.5 km) and are home to more than 120,000 residents.
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337:. The radius of the circle is about 10 km (6 mi). The hills are Tell as-Sawda, Tell ʕāysha, Tell as-Sett, Tell al-Yāsmīn (Al-ʕaqaba), Tell al-Ansāri (Yārūqiyya), ʕan at-Tall, al-Jallūm, Baḥsīta. With an approximate area of 160 hectares (400 acres; 1.6 km), the ancient city was enclosed within a historic wall of 5 km (3 mi) in circuit that was last rebuilt by the
1494:, a large fortress built atop a huge, partially artificial mound rising 50 m (164 ft) above the city, dates back to the first millennium BC. Recent excavations unearthed a temple and 25 statues dating back to the first millennium BC. Many of the current structures date from the 13th century. The Citadel was extensively damaged by earthquakes, notably during the
2517:
to the twelve sites inscribed on the
Tentative List, by shelling, street fighting, underground explosions, extensive illegal excavations, military use, construction violations, quarrying, in addition to intentional destructions and inappropriate use of archaeological sites by internally displaced populations.
2520:
Several international institutions joined efforts with local authorities and the Aleppo
Archaeological Society, to rehabilitate the old city by accommodating contemporary life while preserving the old one. The governorate and the municipality were implementing serious programmes directed towards the
2516:
The armed conflict in Syria started in March 2011 and has constantly escalated leading to significant violence and degradation of humanitarian conditions. Since the 39th session of the World
Heritage Committee (Bonn, 2015), the armed conflict has caused severe damage to the inscribed properties and
1835:. It is known for its large iwan (courtyard) with a pool in the middle surrounded by arches and ancient columns, sporting capitals with a honeycomb pattern. The same style characterizes the domes of the prayer hall. The mihrab is made of veined white marble, red porphyry and green diorite.
1226:(قيساريات). Caeserias are smaller than khans in their sizes and functioned as workshops for craftsmen. Most of the khans took their names after their location in the souq and function, and are characterized with their beautiful façades and entrances with fortified wooden doors.
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had a number of wide new roads cut through the city to allow easier passage for modern traffic. Between 1954-1983 many buildings in the old city were demolished to allow for the construction of modern apartment blocks, particularly in the northwestern areas (Bab al-Faraj and
3582:
1315:. The old part of the Hokedun dates back to the late 15th and early 16th centuries while the newer part was built during the 17th century. Nowadays, it is turned into a big souq with a large number of stores specialized in garment trade.
2198:
The old part of the city is surrounded with 5-kilometre-long (3.1-mile) thick walls, pierced by the nine historical gates (many of them are well-preserved) of the old town. These are, clockwise from the north-east of the citadel:
1214:. Most of the souqs date back to the 14th century and are named after various professions and crafts, hence the wool souq, the copper souq, and so on. Aside from trading, the souq accommodated the traders and their goods in
354:
is one of the finest examples of a cell-like quarter in Aleppo. As a result of the economic development, many other quarters were established outside the walls of the ancient city during the 15th and 16th centuries.
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Farafira (الفرافرة) district with the neighborhoods of
Bandara (البندرة), Qastal Hajjarin (قسطل الحجارين), ad-Dabbagha al-Atiqa (الدباغة العتيقة), Suweiqat Ali (سويقة علي) and Suweiqat Hatem (سويقة حاتم).
1795:, begun by Aleppo governor Az-Zahir Ghazi and completed between 1223–1225 by his son Malek al-Aziz Mohammed. The building is most famous for the mirhab of the prayer room. It contains the tomb of sultan
333:
the ancient city was surrounded by a circle of eight hills surrounding a prominent central hill on which the castle (originally a temple dating to the 2nd millennium BC) was erected in the shape of an
3579:
2426:
quarter (بيت محب أو الجديدة) with the neighborhoods of Sissi (سيسي), Salibeh (الصليبة), Bawabet al-Qasab (بوابة القصب), Basatneh (البساتنة), al-Muballet (المبلط) and Sahet at-Tananir (ساحة التنانير).
2494:). As awareness for the need to preserve this unique cultural heritage increased, Gutton's master plan was finally abandoned in 1979 to be replaced with a new plan presented by the Swiss expert and
388:
2174:, completed as early as the 9th century by the efforts of the Jewish community. The synagogue was ruined several times until 1428 when it was restored. The Jewish quarter collapsed during the
2002:
invasion of 1260, and was rebuilt. The 45-metre-high (148 ft) tower (described as "the principal monument of medieval Syria") was erected in 1090–1092 under the first Seljuk sultan,
1960:, also known as al-Omari, al-Tuteh and al-Atras mosque, is the oldest mosque in Aleppo, built in 637. It absorbed the ancient Roman triumphal arch, which once marked the beginning of the
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were mainly brokers who facilitated trade between foreign traders and local merchants. Many other districts were built outside the historic walls during the 15th and 16th centuries.
1170:
The city's strategic trading position attracted settlers of all races and beliefs who wished to take advantage of the commercial roads that met in Aleppo from as far as China and
1093:
in 1400 and destroyed it, the
Christians migrated out of the city walls and established their cell in 1420, at the northwestern suburbs of the city, thus founding the quarters of
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quarters of the old city were first built by the
Christians during the early 15th century in the northern suburbs of the ancient city, after the Mongol withdrawal from Aleppo.
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2536:) had a great contribution in the preservation process of the old city. The local representative of the Aga Khan Trust for Culture from 1999 until 2008 was the architect
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during the medieval period, until the Mongol invasion when many vital structures in the city were destroyed. Nowadays, roughly 18 hammams are operating in the old city.
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2014:("Mosque of the Crows") of the 12th century, decorated with two ancient columns in basalt at the entrance. On the walls of the mosque, a stone block with an
1123:
Various types of 13th and 14th centuries constructions, such as caravanserais, caeserias, Quranic schools, hammams and religious buildings are found in the
2410:
Ad-Dudu (الضوضو) with the neighborhoods of
Safsafeh (الصفصافة), Jubb al-Qubbeh (جب القبة), Jubb Qaraman (جب قرمان) and Barriyet al-Maslakh (برية المسلخ).
2300:
1569:, built during the 2nd half of the 16th century by the emir of Kurds in Aleppo and the founder of the Janpolad (Jumblatt) family; Janpolad bek ibn Qasim.
1079:
ravaged the city and the surrounding area. Although estimates from this time are very unreliable, it is believed that 230,000 people died, making it the
2837:
The
Cambridge Ancient History: The prehistory of the Balkans; and the Middle East and the Aegean world, tenth to eighth centuries B.C.. Volume 3. Part 1
2501:, which adopted the idea of "preserving the traditional architectural style of Ancient Aleppo" paving the way for prominent local activists, among them
2351:
Aqabeh (العقبة) district with the neighborhoods of
Bahsita (بحسيتا), Khan al-Harir (خان الحرير), al-Masaben (المصابن) and Jebb Asad Allah (جب أسد الله).
892:, conquered Aleppo in the 15th century BC. Subsequently, Aleppo found itself on the frontline in the struggle between the Mitanni and the Hittites and
219:
4686:
1561:. During the first decade of the 21st century, the house was renovated and turned into an important cultural centre with a nearby large theatre hall.
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872:
in the 16th century BC. However, Aleppo soon resumed its leading role in Syria when the
Hittite power in the region waned due to internal strife.
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1120:
Aleppo is characterized by mixed architectural styles, having been ruled, among the other, by Romans, Byzantines, Seljuqs, Mamluks and Ottomans.
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pillaged and burned Aleppo in 540 CE. Later on, the Sassanid Persians invaded Syria briefly in the early 7th century. Soon after Aleppo fell to
3310:
996:. As did other Hellenized cities of the Seleucid kingdom, Beroea probably enjoyed a measure of local autonomy, with a local civic assembly or
3098:
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2678:
861:. The kingdom of Yamḥad (ca. 1800-1600 BC), alternatively known as the 'land of Ḥalab,' was the most powerful in the Near East at the time.
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Qastal al-Mosht (قسطل المشط) district with the neighborhoods of al-Aryan (العريان), Trab al-Ghuraba (تراب الغرباء) and Mawardi (الماوردي).
151:
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3257:
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Jalloum (الجلوم) district with the neighborhoods of Saffahiyeh (السفاحية), Khan al-Wazir (خان الوزير) and Souq al-Madina (سوق المدينة).
2629:
1017:. Rome's presence afforded relative stability in northern Syria for over three centuries. Although the province was administered by a
4189:
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3123:
341:. The wall has since mostly disappeared. It had nine gates (5 of them are well preserved) and was surrounded by a broad deep ditch.
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4170:
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1947:
1747:, located in the Khan al-Tutun alley, was originally a church before 1123. It was converted into a mosque by the judge of Aleppo
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17:
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Beroea remained under Seleucid rule for nearly 300 years until the last holdings of the Seleucid dynasty were handed over to
992:
Northern Syria was the centre of gravity of the Hellenistic colonizing activity, and therefore of Hellenistic culture in the
2898:
2354:
Bayadah (البياضة) district with the neighborhoods of Jbeileh الجبيلة, Keltawiyeh (الكلتاوية) and Mustadamiyeh (المستدامية).
3463:
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4096:
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2140:
1080:
189:
1739:; an Islamic-religious school. Nowadays, the 6th century Byzantine columns of the old cathedral can be seen in the hall.
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district are home to numerous 16th and 17th-century houses of the Aleppine bourgeoisie, featuring stone engravings.
2398:
Almaji (ألمه جي) with the neighborhoods of Qastal Harami (قسطل الحرامي), Wakiliyeh (الوكيلية) and Shara'sous (شرعسوس).
1368:
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4106:
3335:
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2927:
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2731:
1755:
in 1168 by Izz Eddin Abdal Malek al-Muqadam during Nur al-Din's reign. It is the oldest operating madrasah in Aleppo.
1680:
or Dallal House, built in 1826 on the place of an old church and a monastery, nowadays operating as a boutique hotel.
1575:, an old Aleppine mansion located in al-Farafira quarter, built at the end of the 18th century by the Marrash family.
1815:, defined as "the most beautiful of the mosques of Aleppo". It was built outside the city walls to the southwest of
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were pillaging the surrounding countryside, the city's chief judge converted the cathedral into a mosque. In 1149,
126:
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57:
3084:"The historical earthquakes of Syria: an analysis of large and moderate earthquakes from 1365 B.C. to 1900 A.D."
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1895:
1875:, located outside the city walls to the east of Bab al-Nairab, built between 1241–51 by the Aleppine historian
310:
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1998:. Construction of the present structure for Nur al-Din commenced in 1158. However, it was damaged during the
1464:
755:
2540:, who played a large role in the protection of the Old City from the destructive forces of urban expansion.
2070:, erected in 1425 and partly renovated in 1925. It is famous for its preciously decorated octagonal minaret.
94:
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4651:
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Abraj (الأبراج) district with the neighborhoods of Haret al-Pasha (حارة الباشا) and Shaker Agha (شاكر آغا).
2348:
Altunbogha (ألتونبوغا) district with the neighborhoods of Oghlubek (أوغلبك) and Sahet al-Milh (ساحة الملح).
853:
period, Aleppo's name appears as Ḥalab (Ḥalba) for the first time. Aleppo was the capital of the important
144:
2401:
Bab al-Maqam (باب المقام) district with the neighborhoods of al-Maghayer (المغاير) and Maqamat (المقامات).
4426:
4181:
3810:
2683:
2590:
2416:
Hazzazeh (الهزازة) with the neighborhoods of at-Tadribeh (التدريبة) and Zuqaq al-Arba'in (زقاق الأربعين).
2166:
1618:, an Aleppine mansion built in 1603, with unique wooden decorations. One of its decorations was taken to
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4691:
4431:
4329:
4309:
4217:
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2600:
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Ibn Ya'qoub (ابن يعقوب) district with the neighborhoods of Banqusa (بانقوسا) and Mushatiyeh (المشاطية).
2058:
style. It is famous for its decorated façade and the entrance which is topped with traditional Islamic
1921:
1599:
1356:
36:
2975:
4914:
4879:
4849:
4457:
4314:
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3956:
3325:
2131:
2112:
1987:
1925:
805:
Aleppo has scarcely been touched by archaeologists, since the modern city occupies its ancient site.
376:
817:. The first record of Aleppo may be from the third millennium BC if the identification of Aleppo as
4764:
4646:
4124:
4052:
3921:
3860:
3054:
2310:
2178:. Recently, the building was renovated by the efforts of Aleppine Jewish migrants in United States.
1759:
1716:
1708:
1638:, an old 17th-century mansion characterized with fine decorations, carved by the Armenian sculptor
1579:
1458:
1380:
1021:
from Rome, Rome did not impose its administrative organization on the Greek-speaking ruling class.
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711:
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118:
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4996:
4207:
4091:
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3424:
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3254:
3235:
3216:
3197:
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2123:
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1942:
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4199:
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or the wool market, located at Salibeh street, surrounded with the old churches of the quarter.
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262:
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4304:
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Qal'at al-Sharif (قلعة الشريف) district with the neighborhood of Tallet Alsauda (تلة السودا).
2245:
2149:
2015:
1855:
1791:
1720:
1344:
1090:
736:
549:
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1190:-market in the world is in Aleppo, with an approximate length of 13 kilometres (8.1 miles).
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1956:
1900:
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1839:
1775:
1703:
1198:, as it is locally known, is an active trade centre for imported luxury goods, such as raw
767:
761:
505:
3727:
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1392:
397:, Khan al-Shouneh and Carlton Citadel Hotel were all destroyed during the battle of Aleppo
8:
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4001:
3835:
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1966:. The building was entirely renovated in 1146 and 1401. It is known for its 12th century
1533:
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1061:
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543:
517:
473:
299:
2404:
Ballat (البلاط) with the neighborhoods of Qattaneh (القطانة) and Sahet Hamad (ساحة حمد).
1424:
1210:. Souq al-Madina is also home to local products such as wool, agricultural products and
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364:
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4666:
4441:
4375:
4031:
4026:
3996:
3901:
3825:
3542:
3304:
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2436:) with the neighborhoods of Badenjk (بادنجك), Baggara (البكارة) and Sakhaneh (السخانة).
2288:
2267:
2088:
2074:
2022:
1991:
1935:
1811:
1595:, the former seat of the governor of Aleppo, built during the 1920s and opened in 1933.
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834:
830:
616:
394:
2949:
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4011:
3815:
3795:
3495:
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built in 1398 and restored in 1537. It has a great façade decorated with colonnettes.
2042:
1962:
1520:
1490:
1436:
1418:
1311:, as it was built to serve as a settlement for the Armenian pilgrims on their way to
1308:
974:
919:
When the Hittite kingdom collapsed in the 12th century BC, Aleppo became part of the
903:
permanently defeated Mitanni and conquered Aleppo in the 14th century BC. Aleppo had
663:
651:
644:
632:
622:
567:
561:
83:
1229:
The most significant khans within and along the covered area of Souq al-Madina are:
4814:
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4742:
4618:
4547:
4532:
4522:
4477:
4472:
4380:
4016:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3142:
2565:
2050:
2010:
1995:
1732:
1179:
970:
669:
657:
609:
597:
314:
281:
1036:
46:
4942:
4874:
4732:
4722:
4567:
4507:
4416:
3830:
3705:
3586:
3574:
3484:
3470:
3450:
3431:
3387:
3368:
3261:
3242:
3223:
3204:
3185:
3130:
2551:
2481:, mosques and churches are all in need of more care and preservation work. After
2380:
2306:
1707:, built in 1124 on the site of Aleppo's 5th century Great Byzantine Cathedral of
1674:, an early 18th-century Aleppine house, operating as a private school since 2001.
1623:
1565:
993:
943:
900:
838:
794:
742:
699:
675:
603:
579:
573:
438:
253:
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Collections Search Center, S.I.R.I.S., Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
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4542:
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4517:
4487:
4482:
4390:
4339:
4006:
3855:
3800:
3774:
2498:
2495:
2369:
Sahet Bizzeh (ساحة بزة) district with the neighborhood of Maghazleh (المغازلة).
2282:
2192:
1832:
1824:
1796:
1784:
1660:
1653:
1505:
1454:
1333:
1194:
1164:
1140:
951:
799:
730:
717:
693:
585:
318:
87:
2366:
Al-Qasileh (القصيلة) district with the neighborhood of al-Hawraneh (الحورانة).
2325:
2263:
1642:
in 1691. It was used as an Armenian elementary school during the 20th century.
4955:
4839:
4712:
4608:
4462:
4421:
4370:
4261:
4251:
4057:
3850:
3845:
3754:
2439:
Qadi Askar (قاضي عسكر) district with the neighborhood of Hamza Bek (حمزة بك).
2433:
2239:
2227:
2215:
1930:
1634:
1512:. The building was renovated during the 15th century. It was the home of the
1069:
1064:
in 637 CE. In 944 CE, it became the seat of an independent Emirate under the
939:
893:
705:
681:
292:
166:
153:
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2345:
Al-A'jam (الأعجام) district with the neighborhood of ad-Dahdileh (الدحديلة).
1843:, built between 1230–37 outside the city walls by Fatima Khatun daughter of
1222:) and scattered in the souq. Other types of small market-places were called
813:
Aleppo appears in historical records as an important city much earlier than
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1712:
1542:
1219:
931:
920:
818:
591:
533:
523:
432:
2919:
2395:
Aghyol (أقيول) district with the neighborhood of Shmesatiyeh (الشميصاتية).
1887:, opened in 1724 in al-Jalloum district. It has an architectural style of
1652:
family since the early 18th century. Nowadays, the house is turned into a
4794:
4789:
4603:
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3055:"Aleppo…Cultural Landmark, Trade Hub by the Chinese News Agency (Xinhua)"
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2557:
2080:
1211:
1171:
1025:
1014:
881:
330:
4737:
3875:
2537:
2502:
2448:
Sajlikhan (صاجليخان) district with the neighborhood of Aghajek (أغاجك).
1447:
955:
950:
until the late 7th century BC, before passing through the hands of the
869:
2723:
Ebla and its Landscape: Early State Formation in the Ancient Near East
2341:
Old quarters around the citadel inside the walls of the ancient city:
1504:, an early 12th-century palace located near the citadel, built by the
1443:
416:
Throughout its history, Aleppo has been part of the following states:
4784:
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3580:
Ernst Herzfeld Papers, Series 5: Drawings and Maps, Records of Aleppo
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The most significant historic buildings of the ancient city include:
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madrasas, built in 1193 by Jamal al-Din Shadbakht, a freed slave of
1414:
107:
4779:
4727:
4385:
3764:
3662:
2059:
2003:
1848:
1752:
1736:
1664:, an old Aleppine house built in 1757. The building is home to the
1432:
1207:
1065:
1049:
928:
924:
865:
814:
687:
638:
527:
2485:, the city was significantly redesigned; in 1954 French architect
2337:
The old street around the citadel at Oghlubek, Altunbogha district
907:
importance to the Hittites for being the center of worship of the
4467:
3686:
2191:
Aleppo city walls and the Gate of Qinnasrin, restored in 1256 by
2127:
Armenian Apostolic cathedral of 1429, located in Jdeydeh quarter.
2101:
1983:
1888:
1844:
1828:
1804:
1800:
1764:
1159:
1109:
1018:
986:
889:
885:
854:
489:
456:
338:
3569:
2764:
2762:
2760:
2758:
2756:
1689:
1031:
4774:
3735:
3647:
2575:
2506:
2055:
1999:
1768:
1619:
1175:
1041:
1010:
908:
858:
460:
296:
273:
62:
3081:
2719:
1551:, an asylum functioned from 1354 until the early 20th century.
3730:
3653:
2753:
2096:. It has a prayer hall preceded by an arcade, with a dome, a
1967:
1529:
located in the old city, currently used as a cultural centre.
1183:
1087:
982:
277:
73:
68:
2329:
The remains of the old walls at the entrance to Bab Al-Faraj
2316:
Hammam al-Jawhary, hammam Azdemir, hammam Bahram Pasha, etc.
2078:
completed in 1547, designed by the famous Ottoman architect
287:
Characterized by its large mansions, narrow alleys, covered
2746:
Pettinato, Giovanni (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1991)
2465:
2147:
Churches of Jdeydeh Christian quarter such as the Maronite
1859:, located to the northeast of the Great Mosque, founded by
1538:
1203:
1199:
1187:
904:
822:
444:
288:
1307:
or "Khan al-Quds". Hokedun means "the spiritual house" in
825:
is correct. Armi has also been identified with the modern
2870:
2868:
2525:
1668:
since 1975, showing fine decorations of the Aleppine art.
942:), it stayed part of that kingdom until conquered by the
3482:
Carter, Terry; Dunston, Lara; Humphreys, Andrew (2004).
3155:"Ministry of Tourism, Syria: Aleppine House (in Arabic)"
2654:"eAleppo:Aleppo city major plans throughout the history"
977:
settlement in the site between 301–286 BC. He called it
841:) destroyed both Ebla and Arman in the 23rd century BC.
3518:
Writer, Suchitra Bajpai Chaudhary, Staff (2007-09-13).
2679:"UNESCO: 30 percent of Aleppo's ancient city destroyed"
1779:, built in 1217 outside the city walls to the south of
1104:
Mention is made of the city, by one of the witches, in
3481:
3082:
Sbeinati, M.R.; Darawcheh, R. & Mouty, M. (2005).
2865:
2135:
Syrian Catholic church of the 15th century in Jdeydeh.
2521:
enhancement of the ancient city and Jdeydeh quarter.
2144:
Greek Orthodox church of the 15th century in Jdeydeh.
1557:, a large mansion built during the 16th century near
1525:
of the 12th century, an old church and school of the
2547:
2373:
Old quarters outside the walls of the ancient city:
2291:
built during the 12th century near Khan al-Nahhasin.
1648:, built at the end of the 17th century and owned by
880:
Taking advantage of the power vacuum in the region,
781:
321:
and other structures dating back to medieval times.
267:
2458:
1040:The throne hall of the citadel restored during the
305:An estimated 30% of the Ancient City of Aleppo was
3483:
3278:
2463:As an ancient trading centre, Aleppo's impressive
2092:, built in 1557 by the Ottoman governor of Aleppo
4687:Al-Hamadaniah Olympic Swimming and Diving Complex
3631:
2704:
4953:
3272:
3270:
2720:Paolo Matthiae; Nicoló Marchetti (2013-05-31).
1990:. The building contains a tomb associated with
1583:, built in 1898–1899 by the Austrian architect
3437:
3418:
3374:
3355:
3248:
3229:
3210:
3191:
3005:"eAleppo: The old Souqs of Aleppo (in Arabic)"
1206:, spices and dyes from India, and coffee from
946:In the 9th century BC, and became part of the
3713:
3617:
3267:
2833:
2709:(1st ed.). London: Unknown. p. 266.
2648:
2646:
2432:Muhammad Bek (محمد بك) district (also called
2320:
1032:Medieval period and the expansion of the city
4330:Mamoun University for Science and Technology
3547:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2976:"Travel Postcard: 48 hours in Aleppo, Syria"
2798:Ancient Syria: A Three Thousand Year History
2794:
2006:. It has four façades with different styles.
1603:, built during the 1930s and opened in 1945.
1072:, and enjoyed a period of great prosperity.
3077:
3075:
2840:. Cambridge University Press. p. 389.
1986:and most likely completed by his successor
1607:The most significant historic buildings of
3720:
3706:
3624:
3610:
3309:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2643:
1289:from the second half of the 16th century,
437:mid. 23rd century BC–mid 22nd century BC,
45:
548:early 6th century BC–mid-6th century BC,
3595:4000 Years Behind the Counters in Aleppo
3072:
3030:"Aleppo.us: Khans of Aleppo (in Arabic)"
2950:"The Tragedy of Macbeth: Act 1, Scene 3"
2700:
2698:
2375:
2332:
2324:
2262:
2248:(Gate of Deliverance, completely ruined)
2186:
1941:
1929:
1688:
1463:
1453:
1442:
1431:
1423:
1413:
1158:
1144:
1035:
793:
785:
4153:Cathedral of Our Lady of the Assumption
1112:, written between 1603 CE and 1607 CE.
324:
14:
4954:
3517:
3143:National Library of Aleppo (in Arabic)
2973:
2815:from the original on 23 September 2023
1013:in 64 BC, at which time they became a
961:
405:
295:, the Ancient City of Aleppo became a
234:Ancient Aleppo (West and Central Asia)
226:
196:
3701:
3605:
3575:Organization of World Heritage Cities
3323:
3317:
3276:
2695:
2153:, the Armenian Catholic Cathedral of
1406:
1327:, a trade centre for wooden products.
1296:Other traditional souqs and khans in
27:Historic city centre of Aleppo, Syria
3172:
2242:(Gate of Gardens, completely ruined)
1982:), founded c. 715 by Umayyad caliph
1915:
844:
833:describes Armi as Ebla's alter ego.
542:9th century BC–late 7th century BC,
419:
4097:Church of the Dormition of Our Lady
2623:
2218:(Gate of Nairab, completely ruined)
1711:, where, according to tradition, a
1300:quarter (outside the walled city):
808:
257:
205:Location of Ancient Aleppo in Syria
24:
4320:Aleppo Centre for Culture and Arts
3668:Ancient Villages of Northern Syria
3570:Aleppo news and services (eAleppo)
3511:
2534:Aga Khan Historic Cities Programme
2524:The German Technical Cooperation (
2513:as a World Heritage Site in 1986.
2281:Hammam al-Sultan built in 1211 by
1907:in 1730, and was originally named
1827:in 1235–1236, then regent for the
1186:to the south. The largest covered
1134:
875:
821:, a city-state closely related to
139:364 ha (1.41 sq mi)
25:
5008:
4133:Church of Saint Francis of Assisi
3558:
3104:from the original on 26 July 2011
2930:from the original on 29 July 2020
2726:. Left Coast Press. p. 501.
2026:of the Mamluk era, built in 1318.
782:Pre-history and pre-classical era
443:21st century BC–19th century BC,
317:, including many sections of the
272:) is the historic city centre of
237:Show map of West and Central Asia
4895:Aleppo Artillery School massacre
4672:Bassel al-Assad Swimming Complex
4190:Church of the Holy Mother of God
3729:
2691:from the original on 2022-12-11.
2550:
2459:Preservation of the ancient city
2407:Ad-Dallalin (الدلالين) district.
2303:of the Mamluk era built in 1450.
2254:(Victory Gate, partially ruined)
1948:Forty Martyrs Armenian Cathedral
1763:, one of the earliest preserved
1391:
1379:
1367:
1355:
1343:
1163:Ancient Aleppo, the entrance to
1083:earthquake in recorded history.
387:
375:
363:
225:
218:
195:
188:
67:
4171:Cathedral of Elijah the Prophet
4087:Church of Saint Simeon Stylites
3475:
3456:
3393:
3344:from the original on 2012-09-26
3147:
3135:
3116:
3061:from the original on 2019-10-29
3047:
3022:
3011:from the original on 2012-03-30
2997:
2986:from the original on 2021-12-30
2974:Yacoub, Khaled (16 July 2010).
2967:
2956:from the original on 2013-05-27
2942:
2912:
2901:from the original on 2020-10-10
2883:
2854:from the original on 2023-09-23
2827:
2705:Alexander Russell, ed. (1856).
2660:from the original on 2020-11-12
2632:from the original on 2018-03-26
2628:. Historische-aleppo-seife.de.
2451:As-Salheen (الصالحين) district.
2313:Saif ad-Din Yalbugha al-Naseri.
2157:and the Melkite Greek Catholic
1903:, founded by the Ottoman pasha
1527:Franciscan Missionaries of Mary
4967:World Heritage Sites in Danger
4350:International School of Aleppo
3124:Bab al-Faraj tower (in Arabic)
2788:
2775:
2740:
2713:
2671:
2617:
2606:World Heritage Sites in Danger
1115:
969:took over the city in 333 BC.
13:
1:
4962:World Heritage Sites in Syria
3633:World Heritage Sites in Syria
2795:Trevor Bryce (6 March 2014).
2707:The Natural History of Aleppo
2626:"Alepposeife: Aleppo history"
2611:
2454:Tatarlar (تاتارلار) district.
2212:(Red Gate, completely ruined)
1970:inscriptions and decorations.
1237:from the early 16th century,
554:
510:
494:
478:
466:
449:
425:
4870:Aleppo International Airport
4682:Al-Hamadaniah Tennis Complex
4677:Aleppo International Stadium
3464:Baba Antakya & Qennesrin
3285:. New York, London. p.
3179:Halawiyya Mosque and Madrasa
2770:Inscriptions of the iron age
2684:U.S. News & World Report
2586:Battle of Aleppo (2012–2016)
2429:Kallaseh (الكلاسة) district.
999:
864:Yamḥad was destroyed by the
7:
4300:Aleppo Citadel Amphitheatre
3841:Bimaristan Arghun al-Kamili
3811:Central Synagogue of Aleppo
3462:Syrian Ministry of Tourism
2801:. OUP Oxford. p. 111.
2768:Hawkins, John David (2000)
2748:Ebla, a new look at history
2591:Central Synagogue of Aleppo
2543:
2167:Central Synagogue of Aleppo
2119:quarter, built before 1429.
2034:of 1350, built adjacent to
1865:Sharaf al-Din 'Abdul Rahman
1684:
1611:Christian quarter include:
1549:Bimaristan Arghun al-Kamili
1541:monastery built in 1237 by
1006:composed of free Hellenes.
914:
268:
10:
5013:
4692:Al-Hamadaniah Sports Arena
4432:Saadallah al-Jabiri Square
4310:National Library of Aleppo
4138:Church of the Holy Trinity
3597:, 2004, Saudi Aramco World
2601:Timeline of Aleppo history
2413:Fardos (الفردوس) district.
2321:Districts and subdivisions
2258:
2062:. It was restored in 1922.
2018:inscription could be seen.
1980:Jāmi‘ Bani Omayya al-Kabīr
1922:List of churches in Aleppo
1919:
1861:Abd al-Rahim ibn al-'Ajami
1600:National Library of Aleppo
1138:
938:(which had its capital at
409:
329:Lying on the left bank of
99:Cultural: (iii), (iv)
38:UNESCO World Heritage Site
4940:
4850:Massacre of Aleppo (1850)
4755:
4700:
4652:Ri'ayet al-Shabab Stadium
4639:
4632:
4576:
4458:Abd al-Rahman al-Kawakibi
4450:
4409:
4363:
4315:National Museum of Aleppo
4290:
4234:
4198:
4180:
4161:
4143:Cathedral of Saint Joseph
4123:
4116:
4102:Mar Assia al-Hakim Church
4079:
4070:
4045:
3964:
3955:
3889:
3783:
3742:
3639:
3490:. Lonely Planet. p.
3401:"مدارس حلب القديمة ( 2 )"
2876:The sermons on Joseph of
2874:Phenix, Robert R. (2008)
2132:Mar Assia al-Hakim Church
2113:Armenian Apostolic Church
1926:List of mosques in Aleppo
1727:cathedral here. When the
1666:Popular Traditions Museum
1514:Popular Traditions Museum
516:– early 12th century BC,
382:Pattern of ancient Aleppo
182:
143:
135:
125:
113:
103:
93:
79:
56:
44:
35:
4148:Church of the Holy Cross
3861:Bab al-Faraj Clock Tower
3453:Archnet Digital Library.
3434:Archnet Digital Library.
3390:Archnet Digital Library.
3371:Archnet Digital Library.
3264:Archnet Digital Library.
3245:Archnet Digital Library.
3226:Archnet Digital Library.
3207:Archnet Digital Library.
3188:Archnet Digital Library.
2182:
2159:Cathedral of Virgin Mary
1823:; the widow of governor
1760:Al-Shadbakhtiyah Madrasa
1580:Bab al-Faraj Clock Tower
1459:Bab al-Faraj Clock Tower
745:under the French Mandate
412:List of rulers of Aleppo
4977:Neighborhoods of Aleppo
4972:Historic sites in Syria
4920:September 2012 bombings
4092:Forty Martyrs Cathedral
3760:New Aleppo Neighborhood
3222:April 26, 2012, at the
3057:. DP-news. 2011-04-16.
2952:. Shakespeare.mit.edu.
2442:Qarleq (قرلق) district.
2422:Beit Meheb district or
2273:Aleppo was home to 177
1744:Al-Muqaddamiyah Madrasa
1510:Majd ad-Din bin ad-Daya
1024:Beroea is mentioned in
750:French Mandate of Syria
431:–mid 23rd century BC,
269:Madīnat Ḥalab al-Qadīma
4910:February 2012 bombings
4900:Siege of Aleppo (1980)
4890:Chemins de Fer Syriens
4830:Siege of Aleppo (1260)
4825:1138 Aleppo earthquake
4107:Saint Elijah Cathedral
3977:Great Mosque of Aleppo
3881:Grand Serail of Aleppo
3871:Aleppo railway station
3791:Ancient City of Aleppo
3750:Ancient City of Aleppo
2834:John Boardman (1924).
2532:(within the frames of
2511:Ancient City of Aleppo
2388:
2338:
2330:
2270:
2195:
2176:1822 Aleppo earthquake
2107:The old church of the
1975:Great Mosque of Aleppo
1951:
1939:
1872:Al-Turantaiyah Madrasa
1698:
1695:Al-Turantaiyah Madrasa
1496:1822 Aleppo earthquake
1483:Great Mosque of Aleppo
1476:
1461:
1451:
1450:Arghun al-Kamili, 1354
1440:
1429:
1428:Great Mosque of Aleppo
1421:
1167:
1156:
1152:near the wool market,
1045:
802:
791:
250:Ancient City of Aleppo
18:Ancient City of Aleppo
4982:Architecture in Syria
4925:October 2012 bombings
4800:Siege of Aleppo (637)
4662:Al-Hamadaniah Stadium
4657:Al-Assad Sports Arena
4355:Lycée français d'Alep
4305:Aleppo Citadel Museum
3324:Terry, Allan (2003).
3217:Shadbakhtiyya Madrasa
2926:. 11 September 2023.
2783:The ancient Near East
2781:Kuhrt, Amélie (1998)
2379:
2336:
2328:
2309:built in 1491 by the
2266:
2190:
2155:Our Mother of Reliefs
2150:Saint Elias Cathedral
2141:Dormition of Our Lady
2016:Anatolian hieroglyphs
1945:
1933:
1896:Al-Uthmaniyah Madrasa
1856:Al-Sharafiyah Madrasa
1792:Al-Sultaniyah Madrasa
1721:Constantine the Great
1692:
1467:
1457:
1446:
1435:
1427:
1417:
1178:to the west, and the
1162:
1148:
1097:. The inhabitants of
1075:On 9 August 1138 CE,
1039:
797:
789:
737:Arab Kingdom of Syria
560:–ca. 350 BC, Persian
167:36.20250°N 37.16278°E
4835:Battle of Marj Dabiq
4498:Levon Ter-Petrossian
4335:Al-Shahba University
4325:University of Aleppo
4022:Al-Saffahiyah Mosque
3972:Al-Shuaibiyah Mosque
3770:Salaheddine District
3327:Ayyubid Architecture
3277:Burns, Russ (1999).
3198:Muqaddamiyya Madrasa
3091:Annals of Geophysics
2224:(Gate of the Shrine)
2172:al-Bandara synagogue
2067:Al-Saffahiyah Mosque
1957:Al-Shuaibiyah Mosque
1884:Al-Ahmadiyah Madrasa
1840:Al-Kamiliyah Madrasa
1776:Al-Zahiriyah Madrasa
1735:converted it into a
1704:Al-Halawiyah Madrasa
837:(or his grandfather
798:Hadad Temple Inside
768:Syrian Arab Republic
762:United Arab Republic
704:1260 March–October,
506:New Kingdom of Egypt
325:Origins and founding
4987:Arabic architecture
4930:University bombings
4915:March 2012 bombings
4757:Historical timeline
4553:Saadallah al-Jabiri
4513:Mustafa Bey Barmada
4427:Sabaa Bahrat Square
4410:Streets and squares
4002:Al-Sahibiyah Mosque
3836:Khanqah al-Farafira
3821:Hammam Bab al-Ahmar
3816:Al-Shibani building
3679:Qal’at Salah El-Din
3673:Crac des Chevaliers
3486:Syria & Lebanon
3330:. Solipsist Press.
2878:Balai of Qenneshrin
2530:Aga Khan Foundation
2295:Hammam Bab al-Ahmar
2230:(Gate of Qinnasrin)
2054:, built in 1398 in
2031:Al-Sahibiyah Mosque
1715:temple once stood.
1592:Grand Serail d'Alep
1534:Khanqah al-Farafira
1502:Al-Matbakh al-Ajami
1283:The Venetians' Khan
1106:William Shakespeare
1077:a deadly earthquake
1062:Khalid ibn al-Walid
967:Alexander the Great
962:Classical antiquity
956:Achaemenid Persians
948:Neo-Assyrian Empire
544:Neo-Assyrian Empire
406:Historical timeline
300:World Heritage Site
163: /
32:
4885:1947 Aleppo pogrom
4667:Al-Ittihad Stadium
4442:King Faisal Street
4376:Aleppo Public Park
4032:Al-Adiliyah Mosque
4027:Khusruwiyah Mosque
3997:Altun Bogha Mosque
3826:Hammam al-Nahhasin
3784:Historic landmarks
3585:2011-10-08 at the
3565:3-D Old Aleppo map
3469:2017-09-09 at the
3449:2012-04-26 at the
3444:Uthmaniyya Madrasa
3430:2012-04-26 at the
3386:2012-04-26 at the
3381:Sharafiyya Madrasa
3367:2009-01-08 at the
3281:Monuments of Syria
3260:2012-04-26 at the
3255:Sultaniyya Madrasa
3241:2014-01-12 at the
3203:2012-05-03 at the
3184:2012-05-03 at the
3129:2017-10-11 at the
2389:
2339:
2331:
2297:built by Ottomans.
2289:Hammam al-Nahhasin
2271:
2268:Hammam al-Nahhasin
2196:
2109:Holy Mother of God
2089:Al-Adiliyah Mosque
2075:Khusruwiyah Mosque
2023:Altun Bogha Mosque
1952:
1940:
1936:Khusruwiyah Mosque
1812:Al-Firdaws Madrasa
1699:
1516:between 1967–1975.
1477:
1462:
1452:
1441:
1430:
1422:
1407:Historic buildings
1287:Souq Khan al-Harir
1251:Souq Khan al-Wazir
1168:
1157:
1127:. The quarters of
1046:
835:Naram-Sin of Akkad
831:Giovanni Pettinato
803:
792:
617:Rashidun Caliphate
395:Khusruwiyah Mosque
172:36.20250; 37.16278
30:
4992:History of Aleppo
4949:
4948:
4751:
4750:
4624:Sabkhat al-Jabbul
4528:Ronaldo Mouchawar
4230:
4229:
4226:
4225:
4182:Oriental Orthodox
4066:
4065:
4037:Behramiyah Mosque
4012:Al-Tawashi Mosque
3806:Al-Jdayde quarter
3796:Citadel of Aleppo
3695:
3694:
3685:
3677:
3506:Hammam yalbougha.
3501:978-1-86450-333-3
3425:Ahmadiyya Madrasa
3362:Kamiliyya Madrasa
3236:Zahiriyya Madrasa
2571:Al-Shibani Church
2301:Hammam al-Bayadah
2236:(Gate of Antioch)
2124:The Forty Martyrs
2043:Al-Tawashi Mosque
1916:Places of worship
1849:al-Malik al-Kamil
1771:ruler Nur al-Din.
1622:and exhibited in
1559:al-Khandaq street
1537:, a 13th-century
1521:Al-Shibani Church
1437:Al-Shibani Church
1239:Khan al-Nahhaseen
1150:Bawabet al-Yasmin
845:Middle Bronze Age
778:
777:
735:1920 March–July,
664:Fatimid Caliphate
645:Abbasid Caliphate
633:Abbasid Caliphate
623:Umayyad Caliphate
568:Macedonian Empire
562:Achaemenid Empire
532:10th century BC,
522:11th century BC,
266:
258:مدينة حلب القديمة
246:
245:
209:Show map of Syria
84:Citadel of Aleppo
16:(Redirected from
5004:
4905:Battle of Aleppo
4765:Rulers of Aleppo
4743:Shorta Aleppo SC
4637:
4636:
4619:Limestone Massif
4548:Qustaki al-Himsi
4533:Rushdi al-Kikhya
4523:Qustaki al-Himsi
4478:Hilarion Capucci
4473:Harut Sassounian
4381:Al-Snoubari Park
4173:(Greek Orthodox)
4163:Eastern Orthodox
4121:
4120:
4077:
4076:
4053:Ar-Rahman Mosque
4017:Al-Otrush Mosque
3992:Mahmandar Mosque
3987:Al-Qaiqan Mosque
3982:Al-Nuqtah Mosque
3962:
3961:
3922:Al-Shadbakhtiyah
3734:
3733:
3722:
3715:
3708:
3699:
3698:
3683:
3675:
3652:Ancient City of
3626:
3619:
3612:
3603:
3602:
3553:
3552:
3546:
3538:
3536:
3535:
3526:. Archived from
3520:"A true cityzen"
3515:
3509:
3508:
3489:
3479:
3473:
3460:
3454:
3441:
3435:
3422:
3416:
3415:
3413:
3412:
3403:. Archived from
3397:
3391:
3378:
3372:
3359:
3353:
3352:
3350:
3349:
3321:
3315:
3314:
3308:
3300:
3284:
3274:
3265:
3252:
3246:
3233:
3227:
3214:
3208:
3195:
3189:
3176:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3166:
3157:. Archived from
3151:
3145:
3139:
3133:
3120:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3109:
3103:
3088:
3079:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3066:
3051:
3045:
3044:
3042:
3041:
3032:. Archived from
3026:
3020:
3019:
3017:
3016:
3001:
2995:
2994:
2992:
2991:
2971:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2961:
2946:
2940:
2939:
2937:
2935:
2916:
2910:
2909:
2907:
2906:
2887:
2881:
2872:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2859:
2831:
2825:
2824:
2822:
2820:
2792:
2786:
2779:
2773:
2766:
2751:
2744:
2738:
2737:
2717:
2711:
2710:
2702:
2693:
2692:
2675:
2669:
2668:
2666:
2665:
2650:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2637:
2621:
2566:Tourism in Syria
2560:
2555:
2554:
2051:Al-Otrush Mosque
2011:Al-Qaiqan Mosque
1996:John the Baptist
1723:, built a great
1395:
1383:
1371:
1359:
1347:
1325:Bawabet al-Qasab
1267:Souq al-Attarine
1255:Souq al-Farrayin
1180:Fertile Crescent
1004:
981:(Βέροια), after
971:Seleucus Nicator
809:Early Bronze Age
724:Mamluk Sultanate
712:Mamluk Sultanate
610:Byzantine Empire
598:Byzantine Empire
559:
556:
515:
512:
503:
499:
496:
487:
483:
480:
471:
468:
454:
451:
430:
427:
420:
391:
379:
367:
315:Syrian civil war
311:Battle of Aleppo
282:Syrian Civil War
271:
261:
259:
238:
229:
228:
222:
210:
199:
198:
192:
178:
177:
175:
174:
173:
168:
164:
161:
160:
159:
156:
72:
71:
49:
39:
33:
29:
21:
5012:
5011:
5007:
5006:
5005:
5003:
5002:
5001:
4952:
4951:
4950:
4945:
4943:Category:Aleppo
4936:
4875:State of Aleppo
4865:Baghdad Railway
4770:Kingdom of Armi
4747:
4733:Ommal Aleppo SC
4723:Al-Herafyeen SC
4696:
4647:7 April Stadium
4628:
4572:
4568:Simeon Stylites
4508:Moustapha Akkad
4446:
4417:Al-Hatab Square
4405:
4396:Sheraton Aleppo
4359:
4292:
4286:
4222:
4218:Martyrs' Church
4208:Emmanuel Church
4194:
4176:
4157:
4112:
4062:
4041:
3951:
3917:Al-Muqaddamiyah
3885:
3831:Hammam Yalbugha
3779:
3738:
3728:
3726:
3696:
3691:
3635:
3630:
3587:Wayback Machine
3561:
3556:
3540:
3539:
3533:
3531:
3516:
3512:
3502:
3480:
3476:
3471:Wayback Machine
3461:
3457:
3451:Wayback Machine
3442:
3438:
3432:Wayback Machine
3423:
3419:
3410:
3408:
3399:
3398:
3394:
3388:Wayback Machine
3379:
3375:
3369:Wayback Machine
3360:
3356:
3347:
3345:
3338:
3322:
3318:
3302:
3301:
3297:
3275:
3268:
3262:Wayback Machine
3253:
3249:
3243:Wayback Machine
3234:
3230:
3224:Wayback Machine
3215:
3211:
3205:Wayback Machine
3196:
3192:
3186:Wayback Machine
3177:
3173:
3164:
3162:
3153:
3152:
3148:
3141:Aleppo Culture
3140:
3136:
3131:Wayback Machine
3121:
3117:
3107:
3105:
3101:
3086:
3080:
3073:
3064:
3062:
3053:
3052:
3048:
3039:
3037:
3028:
3027:
3023:
3014:
3012:
3003:
3002:
2998:
2989:
2987:
2972:
2968:
2959:
2957:
2948:
2947:
2943:
2933:
2931:
2918:
2917:
2913:
2904:
2902:
2889:
2888:
2884:
2873:
2866:
2857:
2855:
2848:
2832:
2828:
2818:
2816:
2809:
2793:
2789:
2780:
2776:
2767:
2754:
2745:
2741:
2734:
2718:
2714:
2703:
2696:
2677:
2676:
2672:
2663:
2661:
2652:
2651:
2644:
2635:
2633:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2556:
2549:
2546:
2509:to declare the
2461:
2381:Al-Hatab Square
2323:
2307:Hammam Yalbugha
2261:
2185:
1928:
1920:Main articles:
1918:
1909:Madrasa Ridaiya
1899:, located near
1687:
1626:, known as the
1624:Pergamon Museum
1566:Junblatt Palace
1555:Dar Rajab Pasha
1409:
1404:
1403:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1387:
1384:
1375:
1372:
1363:
1360:
1351:
1350:Khan al-Shouneh
1348:
1337:
1336:
1305:Souq al-Hokedun
1279:Souq as-Siyyagh
1243:Khan al-Shouneh
1143:
1137:
1135:Souqs and Khans
1118:
1081:fifth deadliest
1034:
994:Seleucid Empire
964:
952:Neo-Babylonians
917:
901:Suppiluliumas I
878:
876:Late Bronze Age
847:
811:
784:
779:
756:Syrian Republic
743:State of Aleppo
604:Sassanid Persia
580:Armenian Empire
574:Seleucid Empire
566:333 BC–312 BC,
557:
550:Chaldean Empire
518:Hittite Kingdom
513:
501:
497:
485:
481:
474:Hittite Kingdom
469:
452:
445:Eblaite Kingdom
439:Akkadian Empire
433:Kingdom of Armi
428:
414:
408:
403:
402:
401:
398:
392:
383:
380:
371:
368:
327:
280:. Prior to the
242:
241:
240:
239:
236:
235:
232:
231:
230:
213:
212:
211:
208:
207:
206:
202:
201:
200:
171:
169:
165:
162:
157:
154:
152:
150:
149:
66:
52:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5010:
5000:
4999:
4997:Amorite cities
4994:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4947:
4946:
4941:
4938:
4937:
4935:
4934:
4933:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4880:People's Party
4877:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4860:Qudud Halabiya
4857:
4855:Aleppo Vilayet
4852:
4847:
4845:Levant Company
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4761:
4759:
4753:
4752:
4749:
4748:
4746:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4704:
4702:
4698:
4697:
4695:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4643:
4641:
4634:
4630:
4629:
4627:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4614:Aleppo plateau
4611:
4606:
4601:
4599:Kurd Mountains
4596:
4591:
4586:
4580:
4578:
4574:
4573:
4571:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4543:Paul of Aleppo
4540:
4538:Omar Abu-Riche
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4518:Nazim al-Kudsi
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4488:Jerry Seinfeld
4485:
4483:Ibrahim Hananu
4480:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4454:
4452:
4451:Notable people
4448:
4447:
4445:
4444:
4439:
4437:Liberty Square
4434:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4413:
4411:
4407:
4406:
4404:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4367:
4365:
4361:
4360:
4358:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4340:Aleppo College
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4296:
4294:
4288:
4287:
4285:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4238:
4236:
4235:Historic gates
4232:
4231:
4228:
4227:
4224:
4223:
4221:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4204:
4202:
4196:
4195:
4193:
4192:
4186:
4184:
4178:
4177:
4175:
4174:
4167:
4165:
4159:
4158:
4156:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4129:
4127:
4118:
4114:
4113:
4111:
4110:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4083:
4081:
4074:
4068:
4067:
4064:
4063:
4061:
4060:
4055:
4049:
4047:
4043:
4042:
4040:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4007:Bahsita Mosque
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3968:
3966:
3959:
3953:
3952:
3950:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3937:Al-Turantaiyah
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3893:
3891:
3887:
3886:
3884:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3856:Beit Achiqbash
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3801:Al-Madina Souq
3798:
3793:
3787:
3785:
3781:
3780:
3778:
3777:
3775:Sheikh Maqsood
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3746:
3744:
3743:Neighbourhoods
3740:
3739:
3725:
3724:
3717:
3710:
3702:
3693:
3692:
3690:
3689:
3681:
3670:
3665:
3656:
3650:
3640:
3637:
3636:
3629:
3628:
3621:
3614:
3606:
3600:
3599:
3593:Louis Werner,
3590:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3560:
3559:External links
3557:
3555:
3554:
3510:
3500:
3474:
3455:
3436:
3417:
3392:
3373:
3354:
3336:
3316:
3295:
3266:
3247:
3228:
3209:
3190:
3171:
3146:
3134:
3115:
3097:(3): 347–435.
3071:
3046:
3021:
2996:
2966:
2941:
2911:
2882:
2864:
2846:
2826:
2807:
2787:
2774:
2752:
2739:
2732:
2712:
2694:
2687:. 2017-01-20.
2670:
2642:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2609:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2562:
2561:
2545:
2542:
2505:, to convince
2499:Stefano Bianca
2496:urban designer
2460:
2457:
2456:
2455:
2452:
2449:
2446:
2443:
2440:
2437:
2430:
2427:
2420:
2417:
2414:
2411:
2408:
2405:
2402:
2399:
2396:
2393:
2371:
2370:
2367:
2364:
2361:
2358:
2355:
2352:
2349:
2346:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2317:
2314:
2311:Emir of Aleppo
2304:
2298:
2292:
2286:
2283:Az-Zahir Ghazi
2260:
2257:
2256:
2255:
2249:
2243:
2237:
2231:
2225:
2219:
2213:
2207:
2193:An-Nasir Yusuf
2184:
2181:
2180:
2179:
2162:
2145:
2136:
2128:
2120:
2105:
2094:Muhammed Pasha
2085:
2071:
2063:
2047:
2039:
2027:
2019:
2007:
1971:
1917:
1914:
1913:
1912:
1892:
1880:
1868:
1852:
1836:
1833:An-Nasir Yusuf
1825:Az-Zahir Ghazi
1808:
1797:Malik al-Zaher
1788:
1785:Az-Zahir Ghazi
1772:
1756:
1751:, then into a
1740:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1681:
1675:
1669:
1661:Beit Achiqbash
1657:
1654:boutique hotel
1643:
1640:Khachadur Bali
1631:
1605:
1604:
1596:
1588:
1576:
1570:
1562:
1552:
1546:
1530:
1517:
1499:
1487:
1475:, 18th century
1419:Aleppo Citadel
1408:
1405:
1401:
1400:
1397:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1378:
1376:
1374:Souq al-'Atmah
1373:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1334:Al-Madina Souq
1332:
1331:
1330:
1329:
1328:
1322:
1316:
1275:Souq Marcopoli
1247:Khan al-Jumrok
1235:Khan al-Saboun
1195:Al-Madina Souq
1165:Al-Madina Souq
1141:Al-Madina Souq
1139:Main article:
1136:
1133:
1117:
1114:
1091:invaded Aleppo
1033:
1030:
1015:Roman province
973:established a
963:
960:
916:
913:
884:, king of the
877:
874:
851:Old Babylonian
846:
843:
810:
807:
800:Aleppo Citadel
790:Ancient Aleppo
783:
780:
776:
775:
771:
770:
766:1961–present,
764:
758:
752:
746:
739:
733:
731:Ottoman Empire
727:
720:
718:Timurid Empire
714:
708:
702:
696:
690:
684:
678:
672:
666:
660:
654:
648:
641:
635:
627:
626:
625:
619:
613:
606:
600:
594:
590:27 BC–395 AD,
588:
586:Roman Republic
582:
576:
572:312 BC–88 BC,
570:
564:
552:
546:
540:
530:
520:
514: 1350 BC
508:
502: 1350 BC
498: 1450 BC
492:
486: 1450 BC
482: 1500 BC
476:
470: 1500 BC
463:
453: 1800 BC
447:
441:
435:
429: 2400 BC
418:
407:
404:
400:
399:
393:
386:
384:
381:
374:
372:
370:Aleppo in 1912
369:
362:
359:
358:
357:
326:
323:
319:Al-Madina Souq
244:
243:
233:
224:
223:
217:
216:
215:
214:
204:
203:
194:
193:
187:
186:
185:
184:
183:
180:
179:
147:
141:
140:
137:
133:
132:
129:
123:
122:
115:
111:
110:
105:
101:
100:
97:
91:
90:
88:Al-Madina Souq
81:
77:
76:
60:
54:
53:
51:Ancient Aleppo
50:
42:
41:
31:Ancient Aleppo
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5009:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4959:
4957:
4944:
4939:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4907:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4840:Aleppo Eyalet
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4762:
4760:
4758:
4754:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4718:Al-Yarmouk SC
4716:
4714:
4713:Al-Hurriya SC
4711:
4709:
4708:Al-Ittihad SC
4706:
4705:
4703:
4699:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4644:
4642:
4638:
4635:
4631:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4609:Mount al-Hass
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4581:
4579:
4575:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4455:
4453:
4449:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4422:Farhat Square
4420:
4418:
4415:
4414:
4412:
4408:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4371:Al-Sabil Park
4369:
4368:
4366:
4364:Entertainment
4362:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4297:
4295:
4289:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4262:Bab Qinnasrin
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4252:Bab al-Nairab
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4239:
4237:
4233:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4213:Bethel Church
4211:
4209:
4206:
4205:
4203:
4201:
4197:
4191:
4188:
4187:
4185:
4183:
4179:
4172:
4169:
4168:
4166:
4164:
4160:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4130:
4128:
4126:
4122:
4119:
4115:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4084:
4082:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4069:
4059:
4058:Tawhid Mosque
4056:
4054:
4051:
4050:
4048:
4044:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3969:
3967:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3954:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3942:Al-Uthmaniyah
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3932:Al-Sultaniyah
3930:
3928:
3927:Al-Sharafiyah
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3894:
3892:
3888:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3851:Beit Ghazaleh
3849:
3847:
3846:Beit Junblatt
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3788:
3786:
3782:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3755:Bab al-Nairab
3753:
3751:
3748:
3747:
3745:
3741:
3737:
3732:
3723:
3718:
3716:
3711:
3709:
3704:
3703:
3700:
3688:
3682:
3680:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3651:
3649:
3645:
3642:
3641:
3638:
3634:
3627:
3622:
3620:
3615:
3613:
3608:
3607:
3604:
3598:
3596:
3591:
3588:
3584:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3562:
3550:
3544:
3530:on 2018-03-21
3529:
3525:
3521:
3514:
3507:
3503:
3497:
3493:
3488:
3487:
3478:
3472:
3468:
3465:
3459:
3452:
3448:
3445:
3440:
3433:
3429:
3426:
3421:
3407:on 2021-05-08
3406:
3402:
3396:
3389:
3385:
3382:
3377:
3370:
3366:
3363:
3358:
3343:
3339:
3337:0-944940-02-1
3333:
3329:
3328:
3320:
3312:
3306:
3298:
3296:9781860642449
3292:
3288:
3283:
3282:
3273:
3271:
3263:
3259:
3256:
3251:
3244:
3240:
3237:
3232:
3225:
3221:
3218:
3213:
3206:
3202:
3199:
3194:
3187:
3183:
3180:
3175:
3161:on 2011-07-16
3160:
3156:
3150:
3144:
3138:
3132:
3128:
3125:
3119:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3085:
3078:
3076:
3060:
3056:
3050:
3036:on 2013-01-14
3035:
3031:
3025:
3010:
3007:. Esyria.sy.
3006:
3000:
2985:
2981:
2977:
2970:
2955:
2951:
2945:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2915:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2886:
2880:
2879:
2871:
2869:
2853:
2849:
2847:9780521224963
2843:
2839:
2838:
2830:
2814:
2810:
2808:9780191002922
2804:
2800:
2799:
2791:
2784:
2778:
2771:
2765:
2763:
2761:
2759:
2757:
2749:
2743:
2735:
2733:9781611322286
2729:
2725:
2724:
2716:
2708:
2701:
2699:
2690:
2686:
2685:
2680:
2674:
2659:
2656:(in Arabic).
2655:
2649:
2647:
2631:
2627:
2620:
2616:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2563:
2559:
2553:
2548:
2541:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2497:
2493:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2467:
2453:
2450:
2447:
2444:
2441:
2438:
2435:
2434:Bab al-Nairab
2431:
2428:
2425:
2421:
2418:
2415:
2412:
2409:
2406:
2403:
2400:
2397:
2394:
2391:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2368:
2365:
2362:
2359:
2356:
2353:
2350:
2347:
2344:
2343:
2342:
2335:
2327:
2315:
2312:
2308:
2305:
2302:
2299:
2296:
2293:
2290:
2287:
2284:
2280:
2279:
2278:
2276:
2269:
2265:
2253:
2250:
2247:
2244:
2241:
2238:
2235:
2232:
2229:
2228:Bab Qinnasrin
2226:
2223:
2220:
2217:
2216:Bab al-Nairab
2214:
2211:
2208:
2205:
2202:
2201:
2200:
2194:
2189:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2168:
2163:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2151:
2146:
2143:
2142:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2129:
2126:
2125:
2121:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2090:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2077:
2076:
2072:
2069:
2068:
2064:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2052:
2048:
2045:
2044:
2040:
2037:
2036:Khan al-Wazir
2033:
2032:
2028:
2025:
2024:
2020:
2017:
2013:
2012:
2008:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1976:
1972:
1969:
1965:
1964:
1959:
1958:
1954:
1953:
1950:
1949:
1944:
1938:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1923:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1897:
1893:
1890:
1886:
1885:
1881:
1878:
1874:
1873:
1869:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1857:
1853:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1841:
1837:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1813:
1809:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1793:
1789:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1777:
1773:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1761:
1757:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1745:
1741:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1705:
1701:
1700:
1697:
1696:
1691:
1679:
1676:
1673:
1670:
1667:
1663:
1662:
1658:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1644:
1641:
1637:
1636:
1635:Beit Ghazaleh
1632:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1612:
1610:
1602:
1601:
1597:
1594:
1593:
1589:
1586:
1582:
1581:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1563:
1560:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1535:
1531:
1528:
1524:
1522:
1518:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1493:
1492:
1488:
1485:
1484:
1479:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1460:
1456:
1449:
1445:
1438:
1434:
1426:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1398:Khan al-Wazir
1394:
1389:
1386:Souq al-Dira'
1382:
1377:
1370:
1365:
1362:Souq al-Hiraj
1358:
1353:
1346:
1341:
1340:
1335:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1301:
1299:
1294:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1263:Souq al-Hiraj
1260:
1259:Souq al-Dira'
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1227:
1225:
1221:
1220:caravanserais
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1196:
1191:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1174:to the east,
1173:
1166:
1161:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1142:
1132:
1130:
1126:
1121:
1113:
1111:
1107:
1102:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1089:
1084:
1082:
1078:
1073:
1071:
1070:Sayf al-Daula
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1043:
1038:
1029:
1027:
1022:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1007:
1005:
1003:
1002:
995:
990:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
959:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
930:
926:
922:
912:
910:
906:
902:
897:
895:
891:
887:
883:
873:
871:
867:
862:
860:
856:
852:
842:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
806:
801:
796:
788:
774:
769:
765:
763:
759:
757:
753:
751:
747:
744:
740:
738:
734:
732:
728:
725:
721:
719:
715:
713:
709:
707:
706:Mongol Empire
703:
701:
697:
695:
691:
689:
685:
683:
682:Seljuq Empire
679:
677:
673:
671:
667:
665:
661:
659:
655:
653:
649:
646:
642:
640:
636:
634:
630:
629:
628:
624:
620:
618:
614:
611:
607:
605:
601:
599:
595:
593:
589:
587:
584:64 BC–27 BC,
583:
581:
578:88 BC–64 BC,
577:
575:
571:
569:
565:
563:
558: 550 BC
553:
551:
547:
545:
541:
539:
535:
531:
529:
525:
521:
519:
509:
507:
493:
491:
477:
475:
464:
462:
458:
448:
446:
442:
440:
436:
434:
424:
423:
422:
421:
417:
413:
396:
390:
385:
378:
373:
366:
361:
360:
356:
353:
349:
348:
342:
340:
336:
332:
322:
320:
316:
312:
308:
303:
301:
298:
294:
293:caravanserais
290:
285:
283:
279:
275:
270:
264:
255:
251:
221:
191:
181:
176:
148:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
109:
106:
102:
98:
96:
92:
89:
85:
82:
78:
75:
70:
64:
61:
59:
55:
48:
43:
40:
34:
19:
4805:Aleppo Codex
4594:Mount Simeon
4589:Dhahab River
4558:Sabah Fakhri
4503:Louay Kayali
4493:Joseph Safra
4291:Culture and
4277:Bab al-Faraj
4272:Bab al-Jinan
4267:Bab Antakeya
4257:Bab al-Maqam
4247:Bab al-Ahmar
4242:Bab al-Hadid
3947:Al-Zahiriyah
3912:Al-Kameliyah
3907:Al-Halawiyah
3897:Al-Ahmadiyah
3659:Ancient City
3644:Ancient City
3594:
3532:. Retrieved
3528:the original
3523:
3513:
3505:
3485:
3477:
3458:
3439:
3420:
3409:. Retrieved
3405:the original
3395:
3376:
3357:
3346:. Retrieved
3326:
3319:
3280:
3250:
3231:
3212:
3193:
3174:
3163:. Retrieved
3159:the original
3149:
3137:
3118:
3106:. Retrieved
3094:
3090:
3063:. Retrieved
3049:
3038:. Retrieved
3034:the original
3024:
3013:. Retrieved
2999:
2988:. Retrieved
2979:
2969:
2958:. Retrieved
2944:
2932:. Retrieved
2923:
2914:
2903:. Retrieved
2894:
2885:
2875:
2856:. Retrieved
2836:
2829:
2817:. Retrieved
2797:
2790:
2782:
2777:
2769:
2747:
2742:
2722:
2715:
2706:
2682:
2673:
2662:. Retrieved
2634:. Retrieved
2619:
2581:Aleppo Codex
2523:
2519:
2515:
2510:
2492:Bab al-Jinan
2487:André Gutton
2483:World War II
2478:
2474:
2470:
2464:
2462:
2372:
2340:
2272:
2246:Bab al-Faraj
2234:Bab Antakeya
2222:Bab al-Maqam
2210:Bab al-Ahmar
2204:Bab al-Hadid
2197:
2171:
2164:
2158:
2154:
2148:
2138:
2130:
2122:
2108:
2097:
2093:
2087:
2079:
2073:
2065:
2049:
2041:
2029:
2021:
2009:
1994:, father of
1979:
1973:
1961:
1955:
1946:
1934:
1908:
1904:
1894:
1882:
1877:Ibn al-Udaym
1876:
1870:
1864:
1863:and his son
1860:
1854:
1838:
1821:Dayfa Khatun
1817:Bab al-Maqam
1810:
1790:
1781:Bab al-Maqam
1774:
1758:
1748:
1742:
1719:, mother of
1717:Saint Helena
1709:Saint Helena
1702:
1693:
1677:
1671:
1665:
1659:
1649:
1645:
1639:
1633:
1627:
1615:
1606:
1598:
1590:
1584:
1578:
1573:Beit Marrash
1572:
1564:
1558:
1554:
1548:
1543:Dayfa Khatun
1532:
1519:
1513:
1509:
1501:
1489:
1481:
1468:
1410:
1324:
1319:Souq as-Souf
1318:
1304:
1295:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1271:Souq az-Zirb
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1231:Khan al-Qadi
1230:
1228:
1223:
1215:
1193:
1192:
1169:
1149:
1122:
1119:
1103:
1085:
1074:
1047:
1023:
1008:
997:
991:
978:
965:
932:Syro-Hittite
921:Syro-Hittite
918:
899:The Hittite
898:
879:
863:
848:
812:
804:
772:
592:Roman Empire
534:Syro-Hittite
524:Syro-Hittite
415:
345:
343:
328:
304:
291:and ancient
286:
249:
247:
4795:Dead Cities
4790:Aleppo soap
4604:Mount Barsa
4584:Queiq River
4563:Saint Maron
4401:Shahba Mall
4391:Club d'Alep
4282:Bab al-Nasr
3866:Baron Hotel
3108:16 February
2596:Dead Cities
2558:Asia portal
2252:Bab al-Nasr
2206:(Iron Gate)
2100:with local
2081:Mimar Sinan
1901:Bab al-Nasr
1891:structures.
1799:the son of
1749:Ibn-Khashab
1678:Beit Dallal
1646:Dar Zamaria
1628:Aleppo Room
1491:The Citadel
1253:from 1682,
1249:from 1574,
1245:from 1546,
1241:from 1539,
1233:from 1450,
1172:Mesopotamia
1116:Main sights
934:kingdom of
927:, then the
923:kingdom of
888:kingdom of
882:Parshatatar
857:dynasty of
760:1958–1961,
754:1946–1958,
748:1924–1946,
741:1920–1924,
729:1516–1918,
722:1400–1516,
710:1260–1400,
698:1183–1260,
692:1128–1183,
686:1118–1128,
680:1086–1118,
674:1080–1086,
668:1038–1080,
662:1003–1038,
536:kingdom of
526:kingdom of
459:Kingdom of
331:Queiq River
313:during the
170: /
145:Coordinates
117:1986 (10th
114:Inscription
4956:Categories
4738:Ouroube SC
4463:Al-Ma'arri
4345:École Amal
4200:Protestant
4109:(Maronite)
3902:Al-Firdaws
3876:Villa Rose
3534:2018-03-21
3411:2012-03-18
3348:2012-03-18
3165:2011-12-16
3065:2013-06-10
3040:2012-07-01
3015:2013-06-10
2990:2013-06-10
2960:2013-06-10
2924:Britannica
2905:2020-08-05
2858:2020-10-01
2664:2011-12-16
2636:2013-06-10
2612:References
2538:Adli Qudsi
2503:Adli Qudsi
1733:Nur al-Din
1672:Dar Basile
1616:Beit Wakil
1469:Dar Basile
1448:Bimaristan
870:Mursilis I
726:(restored)
656:944–1003,
652:Ikhshidids
647:(restored)
612:(restored)
500: – c.
484: – c.
455:–1595 BC,
410:See also:
344:The newer
158:37°09′46″E
155:36°12′09″N
127:Endangered
4815:Mirdasids
4810:Hamdanids
4785:Bit Agusi
4293:education
3543:cite news
3305:cite book
2819:1 October
2624:bleeker.
1963:decumanus
1905:Al-Duraki
1819:gate, by
1729:Crusaders
1725:Byzantine
1471:alley in
1313:Jerusalem
1224:caeserias
1088:Tamerlane
1054:Khosrow I
944:Assyrians
936:Bit Agusi
909:Storm-God
827:Tell Bazi
670:Mirdasids
658:Hamdanids
650:941–944,
643:905–941,
637:878–905,
631:750–878,
621:661–750,
615:637–661,
608:622–637,
602:608–622,
596:476–608,
538:Bit Agusi
335:acropolis
307:destroyed
302:in 1986.
263:romanized
131:2013–2020
104:Reference
4780:Palistin
4728:Jalaa SC
4386:Abu Abdo
4125:Catholic
4080:Historic
4072:Churches
3965:Historic
3890:Madrasas
3765:Ramouseh
3684:Site of
3663:Damascus
3583:Archived
3524:GulfNews
3467:Archived
3447:Archived
3428:Archived
3384:Archived
3365:Archived
3342:Archived
3258:Archived
3239:Archived
3220:Archived
3201:Archived
3182:Archived
3127:Archived
3122:eAleppo
3099:Archived
3059:Archived
3009:Archived
2984:Archived
2954:Archived
2934:5 August
2928:Archived
2920:"Aleppo"
2899:Archived
2891:"Aleppo"
2852:Archived
2813:Archived
2689:Archived
2658:Archived
2630:Archived
2544:See also
2479:madrasas
2240:Bāb Jnēn
2060:muqarnas
2004:Tutush I
1988:Sulayman
1867:in 1242.
1753:madrasah
1737:madrasah
1685:Madrasas
1585:Chartier
1309:Armenian
1208:Damascus
1125:old city
1066:Hamdanid
1050:Sassanid
975:Hellenic
954:and the
929:Aramaean
925:Palistin
915:Iron Age
866:Hittites
815:Damascus
700:Ayyubids
688:Artuqids
676:Uqaylids
639:Tulunids
528:Palistin
465:1595 BC–
339:Mamlukes
95:Criteria
80:Includes
58:Location
4820:Zengids
4468:Buhturi
3957:Mosques
3687:Palmyra
2980:Reuters
2475:hammams
2424:Jdeideh
2387:quarter
2385:Jdeideh
2383:in the
2275:hammams
2259:Hammams
2117:Jdeydeh
2111:of the
2102:faience
1992:Zachary
1984:Walid I
1847:Sultan
1845:Ayyubid
1829:Ayyubid
1805:Saladin
1803:Sultan
1801:Ayyubid
1765:Ayyubid
1650:Zamaria
1609:Jdeydeh
1523:-School
1473:Jdeydeh
1439:-School
1298:Jdeydeh
1293:, etc.
1291:Suweiqa
1154:Jdeideh
1129:Jdeydeh
1110:Macbeth
1099:Jdeydeh
1095:Jdeydeh
1068:prince
1026:2 Macc.
987:Macedon
890:Mitanni
886:Hurrian
855:Amorite
849:In the
694:Zengids
490:Mitanni
457:Amorite
352:Jdeydeh
347:Jdeydeh
309:in the
265::
119:Session
4775:Yamhad
4640:Venues
4577:Nature
4117:Modern
4046:Modern
3736:Aleppo
3648:Aleppo
3498:
3334:
3293:
2895:UNESCO
2844:
2805:
2730:
2576:Aleppo
2528:) and
2507:UNESCO
2104:tiles.
2098:mihrab
2056:Mamluk
2000:Mongol
1889:Tekyes
1831:ruler
1769:Zengid
1620:Berlin
1506:Zengid
1176:Europe
1086:After
1060:under
1044:period
1042:Mamluk
1028:13:3.
1019:legate
1011:Pompey
983:Beroea
979:Beroea
905:cultic
868:under
859:Yamḥad
839:Sargon
773:
461:Yamhad
297:UNESCO
274:Aleppo
254:Arabic
63:Aleppo
4701:Clubs
4633:Sport
3654:Bosra
3102:(PDF)
3087:(PDF)
2785:p.100
2772:p.388
2750:p.135
2471:khans
2466:souqs
2183:Gates
1968:kufic
1783:, by
1713:Roman
1508:emir
1216:khans
1202:from
1184:Egypt
1058:Arabs
1052:King
1001:boulē
940:Arpad
894:Egypt
716:1400
289:souqs
278:Syria
74:Syria
3549:link
3496:ISBN
3332:ISBN
3311:link
3291:ISBN
3110:2023
2936:2020
2842:ISBN
2821:2020
2803:ISBN
2728:ISBN
2165:The
2139:The
1924:and
1539:sufi
1480:The
1212:soap
1204:Iran
1200:silk
1188:souq
1182:and
1048:The
823:Ebla
819:Armi
248:The
136:Area
3676:and
3661:of
3646:of
3492:186
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2170:or
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