Al-Nusra Front - Knowledge

3433:(CATF), Qatar was able to get away with funding Al Nusra, despite their terrorist designation, through Kidnapping for Ransom. Al Nusra has kidnapped a diverse group of people from nationalities that span the globe, including Turkey, Fiji, Lebanon, Syria and Italy. On each occasion, Qatar engaged in a substantial financial agreement with Al Nusra in exchange for hostages. CATF suggests that the U.S. turned a blind eye to Qatar's funding of Al Nusra because Al Nusra was one of the only groups posing a plausible threat to both ISIS and Assad. According to the one analyst, the reason why Al Nusra was the only plausible threat was because of Saudi and Qatari funding: "Jabhat al-Nusra has become the best-armed force among the opposition groups. It has been at the tip of the spear in operations in Eastern Syria, Aleppo, and Damascus. Its combat proficiency and relatively greater access to material and funding have led other opposition groups to tolerate its participation in military operations across the country." 2730:. The group demanded that it be removed from the UN's list of terrorist organisations in exchange for the lives of the peacekeepers. In addition to UN personnel, the group routinely captures UN vehicles to use as car bombs. At the same time, two groups of UN peacekeepers from Philippines were trapped under fire in nearby Rwihinah. On 31 August, one group of 32 Filipinos soldiers was rescued and the other group of 40 soldiers escaped. The rescue operation was carried out by Irish peacekeepers. Colonel Ezra Enriquez of the Philippines, who oversaw the operations, resigned over disagreements with Indian Lieutenant General Iqbal Singh Singha. Singha had allegedly ordered the Filipinos peacekeepers to surrender arms to ensure the safe release of the Fijian soldiers. On 8 September, Rodrigo Duterte, the mayor of 1843: 2458: 3449:, Qatar had great influence over the group that goes beyond ransom payments. In many cases, Qatar acted as a political mediator between Al Nusra and other countries such as Lebanon: "A prisoner swap between the Lebanese government and al-Qaeda's branch in Syria, Al-Nusra Front in early December showed how powerful the group has become on the ground. The deal released 16 Lebanese soldiers and police officers who were captured during a joint ISIS–al-Nusra operation along with 29 civilians, some of whom are known terrorists." Indeed, Qatar's mediation between Al Nusra and Lebanon ultimately guaranteed al-Nusra freedom of movement inside what was once a safe haven in Lebanon's Hamid valley, bordering Syria, giving Al Nusra access to the Lebanese town of Arsal. 3572:) were charged with attempting to acquire chemicals which could be used to produce sarin; the indictment said that it was "possible to produce sarin gas by combining the materials in proper conditions." The indictment said that "The suspects have pleaded not guilty saying that they had not been aware the materials they had tried to obtain could have been used to make sarin gas. Suspects have been consistently providing conflicting and incoherent facts on this matter." The indictment said the suspects working for al-Nusra and to Ahrar ash-Sham. The prosecutors were dismissed and the men were freed in October 2013. A new arrest warrant was later issued, but the perpetrators were never tried. Topalca was tried and convicted 2926:

Al-Nusra's oath of allegiance to Ayman al-Zawahiri have been renounced. According to Sharif Nashashibi of Al-Jazeera, al-Qaeda had "given the split its blessing", and the separation "meant no change in the group's ideology". With numerous senior members of Al-Qaeda enmeshed within Al-Nusra, it can be considered that Al-Qaeda are not "external" to the group. To this extent, other analysts say that the announcement was cosmetic, a ruse to obfuscate their continued association and membership within Al-Qaeda. In the time after the announcement, a number of senior Al-Qaeda members have been targeted and killed by US air strikes, while operating within Al-Nusra.

1867: 1855: 3140: 335: 629: 1879: 2796: 1831: 3426:, that he doesn't always see eye to eye with American terrorist designations: "I know that in America and some countries they look at some movements as terrorist movements. ... But there are differences. There are differences that some countries and some people that any group which comes from Islamic background are terrorists. And we don't accept that. It would be a 'big mistake', to consider every Islamic movement to be 'extremists'." It has been suggested that one of the designated groups that the Emir spoke of in this interview at CNN was Al-Nusra Front. 4102: 1819: 3020: 681: 3762: 3872: 657: 613: 437: 486: 57: 3725: 640: 979: 3798: 349: 6587:"I think it will happen soon," says Muhamed Nabih Osman, who oversees a charitable association for former Assad prisoners. "You have to understand that al Nusra consists of two very different parts and that one part, mostly local fighters, are not interested in global jihad." But local fighters—who likely make up 80 percent of al Nusra—have been opposed to deal-making with ISIS and have been critical of the harsh governance methods used by some of their pro-ISIS comrades in territory controlled by al Nusra. 2971:, al-Nusra denied "completely all reports of a meeting with Qatari" and reports of a break-up with al-Qaeda. Expert Thomas Pierret at the University of Edinburgh assumed that Qatar was trying to force the hand of Al-Nusra with this "leak" about a split, and said a break with Al-Qaeda was very unlikely. French expert on jihadism Romain Caillet agreed: "The overwhelming majority of Al-Nusra members want to stay in al-Qaeda, particularly foreign fighters who represent at least one-third of the organisation". 43: 449: 2738: 425: 11458:. République Française, Trésor Direction Générale, Sanctions financières internationales. Published 28 August 2015. Retrieved 3 September 2015. (Click on 'liste consolidée de gel d'avoirs'; then click on 'liste unique':) "Nr. 314: Al-Nusrah Front. Designated by the regulation (European Union) nr. 583/2014 of 28 May 2014. Previously, Al-Nusrah was inscribed on the list, between 30 May 2013 and 13 May 2014, in its quality of alias of Al-Qaida in Iraq. Category: terrorism. Rule: Resolution 1989." 692: 3780: 3707: 501: 474: 3816: 777: 3836: 413: 3854: 3480: 16074: 15398: 4002: 3983: 3964: 762: 968: 744: 3945: 4057: 544: 255: 4038: 3890: 375: 323: 4021: 529: 391: 240: 4076: 3689: 588: 559: 3908: 3744: 574: 1530: 3926: 16084: 669: 712: 2642:

appointed an emissary to oversee relations between them and put an end to tensions. Later in the month, an audio message from al-Baghdadi was released in which he rejected al-Zawahiri's ruling and declared that the merger of the two organisations into the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant was going ahead. This sequence of events caused much confusion and division amongst members of al-Nusra.

3336:("Organization for the Liberation of the Levant"). With Jabhat Fateh al-Sham being one of the most powerful/influential groups in the new formation, its leader Abu Mohammad al-Julani was appointed the high level position of overall military commander of the new group. The only other position of equal or greater authority in the new group is the Emir, to which role was appointed 1773:

later, the organization expressed "deep regret" regarding the incident, acknowledging that the killings were carried out by certain members without orders from the leadership and in violation of the organization's policies. Al-Nusra Front also sent a delegation to the Druze community in the village and assured that the perpetrators of the massacre would be brought to trial in a

2078:, was arrested in California on 11 October 2013, on charges of attempting to travel to join al-Qaeda, after reportedly having fought in Syria. As of November 2013, there had also been five additional publicly disclosed cases of Americans fighting in Syria, three of which were linked to al-Nusra. In February 2015, charges of conspiracy to support terrorism were laid against six 6152: 2360: 1128:(HTS), a new Sunni Islamist militant group. Tahrir al-Sham denies any links to the al-Qaeda network and said in a statement that the group is "an independent entity and not an extension of previous organizations or factions". Mutual hostilities eventually deteriorated into one of violent confrontations, with Al-Nusra commander 3388:. Most of these fighters were from Europe and the Middle East, as pipelines to Syria from those locations are better established and navigable. However, as of November 2013, there were also 6 publicly disclosed cases of American citizens and permanent residents who joined or attempted to join al-Nusrah in 2013 alone. 1640:; whereas ISIL has alienated local populations by demanding their allegiance and carrying out beheadings, al-Nusra Front cooperated with other militant groups and declined to impose sharia law where there has been opposition. Analysts have noted this could have given the al-Nusra Front a greater long-term advantage. 3285:, killing at least 110 al-Qaeda fighters, including Abu Hasan al-Taftanaz, an al-Qaeda senior leader, along with some al-Zenki fighters. Since 1 January 2017, more than 150 AQ members were killed by US airstrikes in 2017. Condolences were issued to Jabhat Fatah al-Sham over the killings, by the Uyghur jihadist 2435:. The unidentified corpses of 13 men had been discovered shot to death execution-style. On 5 June 2012, al-Nusra Front claimed responsibility for the killings, stating that they had captured and interrogated the soldiers in Deir ez-Zor and "justly" punished them with death, after they confessed to crimes. 3266:

enlisted Turkistani as a member. Jabhat Fath al Sham included Turkistani. SOHR identified al-Turkestani from among the dead. Before dying in Syria, al-Turkistani was in the Afghanistan war. He was also the emir for the al-Qaeda-affiliated Ansar Jihad in Central Asia. Europeans make up an amount while

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dissolving external organizational affiliations or ties will remove the obstacles in the way of unity, then this must be done. When we were part of al-Qaeda ... our core policy was to focus all of our efforts on the Syrian issue. That was our policy before and it will be our policy today and tomorrow.

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province. "To all the free people of Syria, we announce the formation of the Free Ones of the Levant Battalions," the statement said, according to a translation obtained by The Long War Journal. "We promise Allah, and then we promise you, that we will be a firm shield and a striking hand to repel the

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Writing shortly after the rebranding, Nashashibi argued that it might help generate more "regional support", which the group needed in the face of Syrian government and Russian military success. Wright wrote that the move was effective with many conservative Sunnis in the region, and that hundreds of

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civilians in a village after one of them, a supporter of the Assad regime, opposed the expropriation of his house by a Nusra commander. Al-Nusra's leadership issued an apology and claimed that the killings had been carried out against the group's guidelines. In an official statement issued a few days

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By June 2013, there had been apparently 70 suicide-attacks in Syria. Of these, the group denied responsibility for 13 but claimed responsibility for the other 57. In June 2012, the group attacked the pro-government TV station at Drousha, near Damascus. The following month the government-TV presenter

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announced the group changed its name to Jabhat Fath al Sham and had "no affiliation to any external entity". While some analysts have interpreted this to mean breaking away from Al-Qaeda, the group and association with it were not specifically mentioned in the announcement, nor has it been said that

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On 17 June 2012, Walid Ahmad al-Ayesh, described by Syrian authorities as the "right hand" of al-Nusra Front, was killed when Syrian authorities discovered his hiding place. He was reportedly responsible for the making of car bombs that were used to attack Damascus in the previous months. The Syrian

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But one diplomat went so far as to suggest that, beyond the scope of mediation and paying ransom, "They are partly responsible for Jabhat al-Nusra having money and weapons and everything they need." The diplomat went on to say that while Qatar hasn't directly funded ISIS, it is responsible for the

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In February 2014, after efforts to end the dispute between ISIL and Nusra had failed, al-Qaeda formally dissociated itself from its onetime affiliate ISIL, leaving Jabhat al-Nusra the sole representative of al-Qaeda in Syria. In the same month, al-Julani threatened to go to war with ISIL over their

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and its leader, Ayman al-Zawahiri. Al-Julani was quoted as saying, "We inform you that neither the al-Nusra command nor its consultative council, nor its general manager were aware of this announcement. It reached them via the media and if the speech is authentic, we were not consulted." Nusra then

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UK government, 27 March 2015. Retrieved 2 September 2015. Page 6: "The Government laid an Order, in July 2013, which provided that the al-Nusrah Front (ANF) and Jabhat al-Nusrah li-ahl al Sham should be treated as alternative names for the organization which is already proscribed under the name Al

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On 11 December 2013, the rebel Islamic Front and al-Nusra Front groups infiltrated the industrial area of the town of Adra, northeast of Damascus, attacking buildings housing workers and their families. The rebels targeted Alawites, Druze, Christians and Shiites, killing them on a sectarian basis.

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In November 2013, al-Zawahiri ordered the disbandment of ISIL and said al-Nusra should be considered the (only) al-Qaeda branch in Syria, and bestowed the title "Tanzim Qa'edat Al-Jihad fi Bilad Al-Sham" ("the Qae'dat Al-Jihad organization in the Levant") on them, officially integrating Nusra into

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reported on 23 December 2012 that al-Nusra Front had declared a "no-fly-zone" over Aleppo, using 23 mm and 57 mm anti-aircraft guns to down planes. This would include commercial flights which al-Nusra believed transported military equipment and troops. In a video sent to Al Jazeera, they

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The organisation grew in early 2016. Charles Lister reported that "According to three Islamist sources based in the area, Jabhat al-Nusra successfully recruited at least 3,000 Syrians into its ranks between February and June 2016." In mid-2016, reports suggested it was composed of around 5,000 to

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said: "There are now two main currents... the conservatives are keen on keeping ties to Al-Qaeda and the others are more inclined towards the new Syria-focused approach". Another "Islamist official from Damascus" is cited: "Nusra's disengagement from al Qaeda would be good for the revolution, but

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The group seized three army checkpoints around Saraqeb at the end of October 2012, forcing the Syrian Army to withdraw from the area the next day. In the battle, 28 Syrian soldiers were killed as well as five Nusra fighters. Some of the captured soldiers were summarily executed after being called

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states; while the official policy of the group was to regard the United States and Israel as enemies of Islam, and to warn against Western intervention in Syria, al-Nusra Front leader Julani stated that "We are only here to accomplish one mission, to fight the regime and its agents on the ground,

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claimed that an organizational split from al-Qaeda is "imminent", with the proposal reportedly been approved by AQ leaders and proposed a new name called "Jabhat Fatah al-Sham", or the "Conquest of the Levant Front". However, the sources claimed that the move would not affect al-Nusra's al-Qaeda

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On 27 June 2012, a group of Syrian rebels attacked a pro-government TV station in the town of Drousha, just south of the capital Damascus. The station's studios were destroyed with explosives. Seven people were killed in the attack on Al-Ikhbariya TV, including four guards and three journalists.

2058:(Consultative Council) at the top, making national decisions on behalf of the group. Religious personnel also played an important role in the regional JN leadership, with each region having a commander and a sheikh. The sheikh supervised the commander from a religious perspective and is known as 1764:

cites "some analysts and diplomats" as noting that al-Nusra Front and the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant "can appear less focused on toppling" the Assad government than on "establishing a zone of influence spanning Iraq's Anbar Province and the desert eastern areas of Syria, and eventually

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Both al-Qaeda and al-Nusra tried to take advantage of ISIL's rise by presenting themselves as "moderate" in comparison. While they had the same aim of establishing sharia and a caliphate, they intended to implement it in a more gradual manner. Al-Nusra criticized the way ISIL alienated people by

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members who operate in Syria. The group has been reported to consist of a small number of fighters who are all on terrorist watchlists, and to co-ordinate with al-Nusra Front. Al-Nusra Front leader Abu Mohammad al-Golani denied the existence of this alleged "Khorasan group" in an interview with

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was an official branch of al-Qaeda. We reported to their central command and we worked within their framework; we adhered to their policies. With the formation of JFS, we are completely independent. That means we don't report to anyone, we don't receive directives from any external entity. If

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province and begun recruiting members of al-Nusra. In June 2013, Al Jazeera reported that it had obtained a letter written by al-Qaeda leader Ayman al-Zawahiri, addressed to both Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi and Abu Mohammad al-Julani, in which he ruled against the merger of the two organisations and

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were trying to get al-Nusra to split away from al-Qaeda, after which they would support al-Nusra with money. Western observers and a Syrian observer considered such a split unlikely, and in March 2015, al-Nusra's leadership denied a break-up or that talks with Qatar had occurred. Other Syrian

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government had confirmed to Reuters that Qatar wanted Nusra to become purely Syrian and disconnect from al-Qaeda, after which Qatar would start to support Nusra with money and supplies. Muzamjer al-Sham, reportedly a 'prominent jihadi close to Nusra' had said that Nusra would soon merge with

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killing 48 people. More than 122 people were reported to be heavily injured. The bombs targeted the Officers' club and the nearby buildings of the Touristic Hotel and the historic "Jouha Café". The hotel received major damage while the café was entirely destroyed. A small building within the

1676:. However, Al-Qaeda agrees that hudud punishments should be implemented in the long term. The main criticism of defectors from ISIL is that the group is killing and fighting other Sunni Muslims, and that they are unhappy that other Sunnis like Jabhat al-Nusra are being attacked by ISIL. 2550:

In February 2013, Al Nusra fighters were involved in fighting in Safira with government reinforcements, preventing these forces from reaching their destination of the city of Aleppo. A monitoring group claims this resulted in more than two hundred casualties over a period of two weeks.

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The organisation is believed to have used, at various times and in various places, the following tactics: car-bombs, chemical weapons, suicide-attacks, targeting of checkpoints, conventional assault of military bases, assassination of political and military figures and members of the

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Turkish officials say they distinguish between international jihadist groups and others with more localized aims. They place al-Sham in the latter category. Moreover, they hope to use al-Sham's rise to put pressure on Nusra to renounce its ties to al-Qaida and open itself to outside

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Cooperating with others could also give Al Qaeda a long-term advantage in its competition with the extremists of the Islamic State, analysts said Civilians living in Nusra Front areas, too, say the group has built local support, refraining from imposing Shariah when residents

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was engaged in whitewashing Al-Nusra and that there was absolutely no reference to the Druze in Al-Nusra's "apology", claiming that Al-Nusrah forced the Druze to renounce their religion, destroyed their shrines and now considers them Sunni. Emile Hokayem, senior fellow at the

2351:. That decision made it illegal for Americans to deal financially with Nusra. Days earlier, the American ambassador to Syria, R. Ford, had said: "Extremist groups like Jabhat al-Nusra are a problem, an obstacle to finding the political solution that Syria's going to need". 3410:, Efraim Halevy, in an interview for al-Jazeera implicitly confirmed that such practices had taken place, as part of a general Israeli policy of treating wounded rebel fighters on the border. Israel, however, denies formal ties of any sort between itself and al-Nusra and 2870:

addressed Jabhat al-Nusra as "our brothers", saying that "The summary of this issue is that we in Jaish Al-Islam praise our brothers of the Nusrah Front and we don't consider them Khawarij as is propagated against us, We fight alongside them and they fight alongside us".

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were allegedly claimed by al-Nusra Front in an Internet video; however, on 15 May 2012, someone claiming to be a spokesman for the group denied that the organisation was responsible for the attack, saying that it would only release information through jihadist forums.

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was claimed by al-Nusra, in a video seen by AFP on 29 February 2012. It was allegedly carried out by Abu al-Baraa al-Shami. Footage of the destruction caused by the blast was released on a jihadist forum. An al-Nusra-affiliated group announced the formation of the

1633:. The strategies derived from Abu Musab's guidelines included providing services to people, avoiding being seen as extremists, maintaining strong relationships with local communities and other fighting groups, and putting the focus on fighting the government. 2378:

In October–December 2012 Nusra received words of praise and appreciation for their efforts in the "revolution" against Assad from non-specified 'rebels', an FSA spokesman in the Aleppo region, a group of 29 civilian and military groups, and the leader of the

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In June 2015, al-Julani stated in regards to ISIL: "There is no solution between us and them in the meantime, or in the foreseeable future We hope they repent to God and return to their senses ... if not, then there is nothing but fighting between us."

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With members of al-Qaeda still enmeshed throughout the group's leadership, it can be considered that al-Qaeda was not "external" to the group. After the announcement, numerous senior al-Qaeda members still within the group were targeted by the US in

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left to join the al-Nusra Front;- Jaish al-Ahrar, al-Bara, Dhu Nurayn, al-Sawa'iq and Usud al-Har Battalion, accrodign to social media sources. On the same day, 2 al-Nusra Shura Council members based in Aleppo announced that they left the group.

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In August 2016, the BBC estimated Jabhat Fatah al-Sham as having 5,000–10,000 fighters, all Syrian. Lister gave a figure of 10,000. In a public statement issued by its spokesperson, JFS announced that it was officially splitting from Al-Qaeda:

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fighters were beheaded by Nusra, according to sources on social media. In December 2015, Nusra fighters celebrated the ransoming and exchange of Lebanese army prisoners in the town of Arsal in Lebanon, according to sources on social media.

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had "poured hundreds of millions of dollars and tens of thousands of tons of weapons into anyone who would fight against Al-Assad, except that the people who were being supplied were al-Nusra, and al Qaeda, and the extremist elements of

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in March 2013 said that the group had increased its membership from around 300–400 jihadists to 1,000 as Syrian fighters in Iraq have returned to their country in the wake of the US designation of al-Nusra as a terrorist organisation.

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in the areas of Syria where they had a presence. A statement issued on 12 July 2014 by al-Nusra's media channel affirmed the authenticity of the recording, but stated that they had not yet declared the establishment of an emirate.

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By the second half of 2012, Jabhat al-Nusra stood out among the array of armed groups emerging in Syria as a disciplined and effective fighting force. Nusra in October 2012 refused a call for a four-day ceasefire in Syria during

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law, with an emphasis from an early stage on focusing on the "near enemy" of the Syrian regime rather than on global jihad. Syrian members of the group claimed that they are fighting only the Assad regime and would not attack

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Jabhat al-Nusra will always be in dire need of al Qaeda's name to keep its foreign fighters away from IS. Most Jabhat foreign fighters will never accept to fight and die for what looks like an Islamic national project."

2264:(Iraqi), Mustafa Abd al-Latif al-Saleh (kunya:Abu Anas al-Sahaba) (Jordanian/Palestinian), Iyad Tubasi (kunya: Abu Julaybib) (Jordanian/Palestinian), Abu Omar al-Filistini (Palestinian) and Anas Hassan Khattab (Syria). 11489: 8188: 5682: 7038: 3289:. The training camp had been operated by al-Nusra Front and al-Zenki since 2013. Outrage over the lack of condolences from other factions over an American bombing and killing of 100+ JFS members was voiced by 1741:

to death women accused of extramarital relations. Overall, they have "applied a strict interpretation of Shari'a and imposed punishments amounting to torture or other ill-treatment for perceived infractions."

10596: 5759: 5195: 5972: 2275:, where the objectives of the group were determined. Golani's group formally announced itself under the name "Jabhat al-Nusra l'Ahl as-Sham" (Support Front for the People of the Sham) on 23 January 2012. 7442: 2510:. During the storming of the Hanano barracks 11 soldiers were killed and they held the complex for six hours before retreating. They also claimed killing 32 soldiers during the raid on the Raqqah base. 10182: 9211: 3258:

in the northern Idlib Governorate. The Uyghur Turkistan Islamic Party also counted him among their chiefs. The next day, more than 25 JFS members were killed in an air raid by suspected US planes. The

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counter-extremism thinktank estimated its membership at 5,000 fighters with 2,000 trainees. In May 2013, analysts Ken Sofer and Juliana Shafroth estimated 6,000 foreign and domestic fighters. By July,

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Russia sees al-Nusra as a terrorist organization. Russian air strikes reportedly targeted positions held by al-Nusra from September 2015 and Al-Nusra set a reward for the seizure of Russian soldiers.

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on 4 May 2015: "I think it will happen soon. You have to understand that al-Nusra consists of two very different parts and that one part, mostly local fighters, are not interested in global jihad".

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gas. The governor of Adana claimed that the security forces had not found sarin gas but unknown chemicals. The Turkish Ambassador to Moscow later said that tests showed the chemical seized was

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to set up a Syrian offshoot of al Qaeda in August 2011, to bring down the Assad government and establish an Islamic state there. Golani and six colleagues crossed the border from Iraq into

9455: 4647: 2610:, released a recorded audio message on the Internet, in which he announced that Jabhat al-Nusra was part of his network, and that he was merging Jabhat al-Nusra with ISI into one group, " 14080: 11260: 16208: 15463: 14288: 12763: 6438:

Seamus Hughes, deputy director of George Washington University's Program on Extremism, has researched Pazara's activities and called the defense motion "a very novel but uphill battle."

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supplied by the United States to moderate anti-Assad rebels. The group allegedly captured tanks, machine guns, ammunition, vehicles and American anti-tank missiles from the U.S.-backed

3430: 8394: 11640: 10546:"Rafeed is also home to Jabhat al-Nusra (which kidnapped & apparently assassinated collaborators with Israel) and ISIS cells. Anyone familiar with southern Syria would know this" 4993: 2584:

By January 2013, Nusra was a formidable force alleged to have strong popular support in Syria, and it continued to grow in strength during the following months. In January 2013, the

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had talked with Nusra leader Abu Mohammad al-Julani and encouraged him to abandon al-Qaeda, promising funding to Nusra once that break-up was carried out. An official close to the

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split, with some members, particularly foreign fighters, following Baghdadi's edict and joining ISIL, while others stayed loyal to Golani or left to join other Islamist brigades.

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had been dispatched by the ISI to Syria to meet with pre-existing cells in the country and that the ISI had provided Jabhat al-Nusra with the plans and strategy needed for the

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so it may rise to liberate its lands and perform Jihad in the path of Allah, and to establish the law of Allah, so the Word of Allah may be supreme"). The video glorified the

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precipitously instituting sharia, preferring the more gradual approach favored by al-Qaeda of preparing society through indoctrination and education before implementing the

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at al-Nusra's headquarters before the evacuation. During the evacuation of rebels from Aleppo, al-Nusra were the first to leave, along with prisoners whom they kidnapped.

3440:'s release. Qatari Intelligence Chief Ghanim Khalifa al-Kubaisi sent a contact a text with the words "Done"—and a thumbs-up emoticon—after Curtis's release was completed. 3391:

The US government sent weapons to rebels in Syria from at least late 2013, and perhaps as early as 2012, during the beginning phases of the conflict (CIA's covert program

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villagers in Idlib province located in north-west Syria. Al-Jazeera claimed that Al-Nusra's leadership apologized and blamed the incident on a few undisciplined fighters.

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In late October 2014, al-Nusra began attacking some FSA and moderate Islamist groups that it was formerly allied with, reportedly in a bid to eventually establish its own

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In October 2015 Al-Nusra militant Abu Ubaid Al-Madani, who speaks Russian, released a video addressed to the Russians warning that they would massacre Russian soldiers.

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On 28 January 2017, several Salafist jihadist groups, including Jabhat Fatah al-Sham, agreed upon a merger agreement, resulting in the formation of a new group called

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authorities reported the killing of another prominent member of the group, Wael Mohammad al-Majdalawi, killed on 12 August 2012 in an operation conducted in Damascus.

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stated likewise: "From the reports we get from the doctors, most of the injured and dead FSA are Jabhat al-Nusra, due to their courage and always at the front line".

10040:"Some foreign fighters within the al Qaeda-linked Islamic Jihad Union in #Afghanistan. Most are Central Asians, but likely some Europeans too https://t.co/ts9lsHAsjp" 16178: 16133: 13717: 13701: 13574: 13340: 13121: 12937: 12635: 12441: 12312: 10108:"Saudi jihadi cleric in Syria Sheikh Muheisseni is very upset re. lack of condolences from factions regarding latest U.S. strike on JFS camp https://t.co/DDkmRy03K9" 4676: 2075: 1710:

In 2015 Al-Qaeda leader al-Zawahiri urged ISIL fighters to unite with all other jihadists against their enemies and stop the infighting. The Nusra Front praised the

3395:). Some of these weapons reportedly fell into the hands of al-Nusra. Weapons have been passed on to Nusra by Ahrar ash-Sham according to a Nusra member and rebels. 2260:

in May–June 2011 who were already active in fighting against Assad's security forces. The six men who founded Nusra alongside Julani were Saleh al-Hamawi (Syrian),

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noted that immediately after the rebranding, both the US and Russia called it "cosmetic" and promised that air strikes would continue" against al-Nusra. Journalist

1854: 16238: 16213: 15350: 13797: 13070: 12963: 12779: 12639: 2860:, near the Turkish border in the Idlib Province, in an attempt to prevent Russian warplanes from bombing the town after the implementation of the Syria ceasefire. 7114: 7086: 2409:

attacks of this criminal Al Assad army with all the might we can muster. We promise to protect the lives of civilians and their possessions from security and the

1848:

Flag of Tanzim Qaidat al-Jihad fi Bilad al-Sham - Jabhat al-Nusra ("Organization of Jihad's Base in the Levant - Victory Front") used from April 2013 to July 2016

16198: 16168: 13605: 12580: 10703: 10230: 9596: 9516: 9341: 6508: 5982: 851: 8924: 7060: 3105:, the rebels accused the United States of conducting the strike, but this was denied by the Pentagon and subsequently Russia took responsibility. On 3 October, 16183: 16163: 13954: 13705: 13578: 13344: 13125: 12445: 12316: 10984: 7446: 5855: 5767: 2803:

In 2015, rebel factions in southern Syria vowed to distance themselves from the 'extremists' of al-Nusra in April 2015, but were seen cooperating with them in

2071: 8291: 7698: 5045: 14413: 13446: 13366: 13207: 9002: 7394: 6898: 6108: 2978:

province, still strongly advocated a split with al-Qaeda. Muhamed Nabih Osman, leading a charitable organisation for former Assad prisoners, said to website

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province, where a car bomb killed two people; while the other occurred in the Mezzeh neighbourhood of Damascus, where a suicide bomber killed 11 people. The

5386: 16233: 15763: 13747: 13531: 13299: 10600: 9534: 3465:, Qatar has allegedly played a central role in a secret money laundering operation to send hundreds of millions of dollars to Al-Nusra Front terrorists in 2404:", in a YouTube video statement that was released on 23 January 2012. In the statement, the group claimed that it attacked the headquarters of security in 7242: 16123: 15213: 15198: 15168: 13813: 13610: 13546: 12748: 12609: 12585: 12052: 12016: 11991: 10500: 8551: 8424: 8239: 8213: 7796: 7639: 6980: 6733: 6470: 3537: 3385: 2502:

In the air defence base assault they reportedly destroyed buildings and sabotaged radar and rockets after over-running the base in co-operation with the

1506: 1271: 7494: 2555: 1140:, Abu Julaybib and others, mobilised Al-Qaeda personnel in northwestern Syria to establish an anti-HTS front in north-western Syria, eventually forming 13371: 13304: 13157: 12887: 12388: 12021: 11423: 10293: 10009:"Last month, Ansar Jihad, a largely Central Asian al Qaeda-linked group in #Syria, released a bio for its killed military emir https://t.co/3WmDErF6Lu" 9627: 9234: 6931: 6404: 6127: 5303: 5067: 3023: 11138: 10742: 10723: 10518: 8472: 5444: 14541: 14247: 13376: 11896: 9816: 9316: 8733: 6627: 6281: 5483: 5149: 4597: 4381: 3194: 10396: 9269: 8523: 8497: 5101: 2830:, al-Nusra effectively coordinated its operations with the FSA, moderate and conservative Syrian Islamists, and some independent jihadist factions. 2734:, called for Singha's death after he allegedly called the Filipinos soldiers cowards. On 11 September, the kidnapped Fijian soldiers were released. 1930:, in Arabic). Prior to the formation of Jabhat al-Nusra, Abu Mohammad al-Julani was a senior member of Islamic State of Iraq, heading operations in 1830: 13640: 12902: 12791: 12078: 12001: 11204: 10086: 8321: 6571: 6338: 5497: 3565: 2727: 836: 605: 6035: 5939: 5023: 4651: 4477: 3120:, after infighting between them and numerous rebel groups including Ahrar al-Sham, merged with JFS. In early October, according to pro-government 15768: 15268: 15183: 15153: 13767: 13670: 13600: 13521: 13441: 13197: 12548: 12543: 12104: 9447: 8773:"2days ago masked men cut off heads of 2Syrian rebels in Jabal Zawiya, north-Syria. I'm not posting vid but @J_N_Violation has horror video >" 6053: 4426: 4218: 3616:, in Homs province. Al-Nusra later admitted to the killing of 30 civilians overall in three Alawite villages, includes those in Maksar al-Hesan. 11575: 5247: 2532:

Members of al-Nusra Front carried out two suicide attacks in early November 2012. One occurred in a rural development center in Sahl al-Ghab in

1866: 14512: 13880: 13782: 13284: 12932: 12073: 11503: 11268: 10460: 8804:"Acc to vid, 2beheaded men were accused of belonging to rebel group Jamal Marouf, which was destroyed by Nusra (Al-Qaeda) in 2014 > @akhbar" 11743: 10482: 15188: 14316: 14138: 13319: 13289: 13232: 12679: 12236: 12011: 11981: 11291: 9291: 7847: 6602: 5954: 3646: 1792: 1477: 8866:"Watch video of AlQaeda fighters inside #Lebanon celebrating prisoner swap. AlJazeera is the exclusive broadcaster. https://t.co/zPKa2arjMu" 8402: 7216: 6217: 4997: 2049:. All potential recruits were required to undertake a ten-day religious training course, followed by a 15–20-day military training program. 1878: 15972: 15799: 15753: 15173: 15148: 14355: 14343: 14338: 14321: 13630: 13386: 13075: 12753: 12614: 12462: 12328: 12160: 12130: 12047: 11823: 11644: 11451: 9766: 6763: 6681: 6016: 4264: 4115: 2576:. They were held in the town of Yabroud until 9 March 2014, The nuns reported they had not been harassed and could keep religious symbols. 1390: 821: 7186: 7131: 6655: 2662:

commander Abu Khaled al-Souri. Al-Julani gave ISIL five days to submit evidence that they were innocent of the attack to three imprisoned

16002: 15246: 15163: 14527: 14499: 14333: 14308: 13929: 13085: 12801: 12135: 12125: 12109: 8950: 5997: 4882: 4756: 2559: 2348: 644: 10900: 9698: 8734:"Bounty For Bashar Assad? Al Qaeda Nusra Front Offers $ 3.4M For Syrian President, $ 2.3M For Hezbollah's Hassan Nasrallah, Leader Says" 2991:

at Nusra's expense, hoping that al-Sham's rise puts pressure on Nusra to renounce its ties to al-Qaeda and open itself to outside help.

15507: 14613: 14517: 13890: 13451: 13212: 13137: 11923: 11468: 11316: 11182: 8001:"ISI Confirms That Jabhat Al-Nusra Is Its Extension in Syria, Declares 'Islamic State of Iraq And Al-Sham' As New Name of Merged Group" 5421: 4923: 4500: 4296: 1818: 1558: 11015: 10203: 9716: 9367: 14522: 13900: 13269: 13152: 12870: 12405: 9558: 9155: 3548:

On 30 May 2013, Turkish newspapers reported that Turkish security forces had arrested al-Nusra fighters in the southern provinces of

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forces in a post-Assad Syria, anticipating a new stage of the civil war. It denounced the international assistance in support of the

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described al-Nusra as "the most aggressive and successful" of the rebel forces. While secular and pro-democratic rebel groups of the

11238: 10356: 9132: 7908: 6451: 6371: 4730: 2375:'s Saif al-Dawla district said that al-Nusra Front "have experienced fighters who are like the revolution's elite commando troops." 15258: 14408: 13625: 13615: 13381: 13060: 11805: 11725: 10875: 8372: 7975: 5612: 2929:

For over a year prior to this there had been speculation that the group would separate from Al-Qaeda and about what it would mean.

2697:. Also in July, an audio recording attributed to al-Julani appeared online, in which he said that al-Nusra planned to establish an 2278:

Iraq's deputy interior minister said in early February 2012 that weapons and Islamist militants were entering Syria from Iraq. The

5280: 4346: 2326:(FSA), Nusra had in November 2012 between 6,000 and 10,000 fighters, accounting for 7–9% of the FSA's total fighters. Commentator 1112:

The announcement caused defections of senior Al-Nusra commanders and criticism from al-Qaeda ranks, provoking a harsh rebuke from

16025: 15502: 15434: 14507: 14028: 13970: 13916: 13862: 13635: 12995: 12813: 12425: 12155: 11139:""You Can Still See Their Blood" - Executions, Unlawful Killings, and Hostage Taking by Opposition Forces in Latakia Countryside" 11041: 10183:"New statement from Ḥizb al-Islāmī al-Turkistānī in Bilād al-Shām: "Condolences on the Martyrdom of the Constellation of Heroes"" 9402: 8026: 8000: 6183: 5328: 5217: 3132:. On 25 January 2017, according to rebel social media, they returned, along with their leader Lt. Col. Nasha'at Haj Ahmad to the 3057: 2799:

An al-Nusra field commander outside a building jointly occupied by al-Nusra and Ahrar al-Sham in the city of Idlib, 30 March 2015

1489: 11600: 11469:"Australian Government lists anti-Assad Syrian group as terrorist organisation - ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)" 10809: 9867:"When he was killed last month in a US drone strike, jihadis reported he was a senior figure of JFS (now Tahrir al Sham) #Syria" 9428: 9185: 6869: 3377:

reported that Saudi Arabia and Turkey were "focusing their backing for the Syrian rebels on the combined Jaish al-Fatah, or the

15365: 15293: 14396: 14168: 14148: 13944: 13680: 13065: 12477: 12150: 9679: 8980: 3228: 2779:. Al-Julani said he would pay "three million euros ($ 3.4 million) for anyone who can kill Bashar al-Assad and end his story". 2592:

estimated its strength at 7,000 fighters. Other size estimates, however, were more conservative; a report in the Turkish daily

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Al-Nusra claimed responsibility for the attack and published photos of 11 station employees they kidnapped following the raid.

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to be the best trained and most experienced fighters among the Syrian rebels. According to spokesmen of a moderate wing of the

927: 10954: 10442: 8625: 7865: 5736: 5366: 3254:, a senior Al-Qaeda member and Jabhat Fatah al-Sham military commander, along with 3=three other JFS members near the town of 2367:

In August 2012, there were signs of Nusra co-operating with other rebels. The group took part in military operations with the

16113: 16036: 15917: 15208: 14090: 14062: 13831: 13732: 13491: 13416: 13356: 13090: 13000: 12947: 12373: 11525: 10597:"Funding Al Nusra Through Ransom: Qatar and the Myth of "Humanitarian Principle" | Consortium Against Terrorist Finance" 4125: 2104:

It was estimated that al-Nusra's fighting force was approximately 30% foreign fighters and 70% local Islamists in July 2016.

909: 11376: 10683: 9736:"Ansar Jihad reports he fought in Afghanistan in Tora Bora before fleeing to Pakistan and being captured by Pakistani intel" 6086: 4568: 3267:

Central Asians make up the majority of foreigners in the Afghanistan-based Islamic Jihad Union which is allied to Al-Qaeda.

2882:(FSA), which is itself an alliance of allied groups, some of which were more willing to co-operate with Nusra than others." 16148: 16138: 14418: 14158: 14023: 13875: 13506: 13227: 13222: 12140: 11996: 11343:"The Jabhat Fath Al-Sham were among the first to leave besieged Aleppo and the fate of those they arrested remains unknown" 9786:"In 2011, he was freed and returned to Afghanistan and fought with the AQ-linked Islamic Jihad Union before going to Syria" 8711: 4120: 3221: 3159: 2300:

stated in December 2012 that many foreign al-Nusra fighters were hardened veterans from conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan.

2197: 765: 7350: 7324: 5875:"A rare interview with an experienced Al Qaeda commander shows how the group is using ISIS to make itself look 'moderate'" 4680: 2517:

base around Maraat al Numan, in a prolonged fighting that turned into a siege of the base. They also led an attack on the

2457: 16153: 15891: 15375: 14570: 13762: 13279: 13105: 12383: 11067: 7797:"Priest Beheaded on Video By Syrian Jihadists Bears 'No Relation' To Death of Father François Murad [Correction]" 5829: 2683: 2537: 2503: 2451: 1494: 1315: 937: 14433: 8265: 5530: 4703: 2525:"Assad dogs". The video of these executions was widely condemned, with the United Nations referring to them as probable 15748: 15459: 15288: 15278: 15143: 15122: 15102: 15087: 14469: 14143: 14043: 13685: 12738: 12570: 12358: 12196: 12037: 11744:"The list of prohibited foreign organizations in Kazakhstan | Electronic government of the Republic of Kazakhstan" 11112: 10311: 8158: 7298: 7111: 6160: 3540:

in Syria. He said "There is no choice but to escalate the battle and to target Alawite towns and villages in Latakia".

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continued to consider it to be a branch of al-Qaeda and "an organization to be concerned about". Al-Jazeera journalist

1430: 922: 917: 11787: 11156: 9947:"Profile of Abu Omar al Turkistani, who was killed in a US drone strike in #Syria last month: https://t.co/w0yjkZCNsU" 9593: 9345: 7950: 6516: 6236: 4842: 15967: 15651: 15303: 15253: 15127: 15092: 14552: 14109: 14003: 13536: 13526: 13324: 13187: 12975: 12942: 12565: 12145: 12006: 10841: 9978:"Uighur jihadist fought in Afghanistan, killed in Syria -a profile of Abu Umar al Turkistani https://t.co/pY5nu0ffsE" 9088: 8342: 5790: 4786: 4537: 4527: 2825: 2611: 2337: 1070: 13172: 10981: 10788: 10419: 7824: 7546: 7002: 6958: 6741: 3414:

reported that Nusra refused to cooperate with Israel, in fact kidnapping and assassinating suspected collaborators.

15942: 15886: 15881: 15834: 15819: 15804: 15324: 15193: 14744: 14262: 14099: 13870: 13655: 13147: 12526: 12415: 12296: 12224: 12042: 11976: 11613: 8951:"إذاعة النور - الأخبار - "أحرار الشام" تطرد مسلحي "النصرة" من "حارم" واشتباكات بينهما في مدينة سلقين - إذاعة النور" 8299: 6906: 6308: 6254: 2807:

only days later. In May 2015, al-Nusra was estimated to have 10,000 fighters in Southern Syria, far fewer than the

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Some units of al-Nusra began taking part in clashes against the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant in late 2013.

2514: 2094: 1714:, saying that even though they view ISIL as "dogs of hellfire", they applaud when "infidels" get attacked by ISIL. 1425: 1117: 1090: 906: 901: 866: 339: 8898: 7882: 7569: 7398: 7368: 3609:, Salafist rebel forces led by al-Nusra systematically killed at least 190 civilians in several Alawite villages. 3128:

fighters defected to join Jabhat Fatah al-Sham due to several disagreements, mainly due to the established of the

16223: 16128: 16118: 15758: 15512: 15308: 14654: 14252: 14194: 13645: 13511: 13436: 13274: 13095: 13020: 9477: 5398: 3729: 3635: 2948: 2141: 1420: 1415: 13934: 11841: 8573: 3403:

rebels gave six pickup trucks and a portion of their ammunition to al-Nusra Front in exchange for safe passage.

2383:. At the same time, two anonymous FSA leaders, and a secular rebel in north Syria, expressed disapproval of the 16218: 15947: 15901: 15839: 15706: 15112: 14560: 14163: 13841: 13486: 13309: 13254: 13202: 13055: 12980: 12917: 12848: 12662: 11916: 11874: 10929: 7591: 7468: 7250: 4963: 3406:

There were cases of al-Nusra combatants receiving medical aid in Israel and returning to fight. Former head of

2098: 1551: 1484: 1320: 876: 811: 13737: 8835:"#شاهد رد فعل مقاتلي #جبهة_النصرة مع بدء تنفيذ صفقة تبادل الأسرى #مباشر #لبنان #عرسال https://t.co/1Si8ZcjOwC" 8243: 8217: 8110: 7895: 7649: 2856:-based jihadist groups swore allegiance to al-Nusra. On 25 February, al-Nusra Front withdrew from the town of 15982: 15625: 15273: 15231: 14887: 14695: 14664: 14459: 13772: 13660: 13476: 13426: 13249: 13025: 12985: 12723: 12519: 12457: 12348: 12333: 7498: 7443:"Syrian TV presenter Mohammad al Saeed has been executed by Islamist armed group Al-Nusra, says rights group" 6803: 4815: 3282: 2957: 2424: 2396: 2177: 886: 881: 14153: 12251: 12246: 9836:"See this piece from @thomasjoscelyn for more information on Turkistani's JFS role: https://t.co/xYblBBNu0S" 9517:"US journalist who escaped Jabhat Fateh Al-Sham captivity, lands in Turkey jail for violating military zone" 9084: 8088: 7520: 5071: 4900: 15957: 15849: 15370: 15283: 15241: 14644: 14114: 13836: 13777: 13650: 13406: 13401: 13162: 13142: 13035: 13030: 12990: 12875: 12353: 12281: 11688: 7801: 7752: 6543: 4864: 4455: 3515: 2470: 2417: 2188:

described the rebranding as an "jihadi shell game" and "expedient fiction"—a tactic known as "marbling" by

1410: 1109:("Front for the Conquest of the Levant") and officially announced that it was breaking ties with Al-Qaeda. 736: 661: 270: 10826: 10404: 9916:"Uighur jihadist fought in Afghanistan, killed in Syria - https://t.co/tnbHsn2XL4 https://t.co/MsKmj7wll7" 7161: 4945: 4625: 4501:"The involvement of Salafism/Wahhabism in the support and supply of arms to rebel groups around the world" 16017: 15896: 15661: 15427: 15360: 15203: 15117: 15107: 15097: 15082: 15022: 14922: 14769: 14649: 14628: 14593: 14484: 14479: 14360: 13993: 13924: 13471: 13431: 13264: 13182: 13167: 12743: 12708: 12489: 12256: 12083: 11398: 10334:"Turkey and Saudi Arabia alarm the West by backing Islamist extremists the Americans had bombed in Syria" 10153:"#Syria: Four Ahrar al-Sham battalions reportedly defect to Jabhat Fatah al-Sham https://t.co/gbsbkI66gw" 8136: 3208: 3180: 3091:

On 8 September an airstrike of unknown origin killed the top JFS military commander, Abu Hajer al-Homsi (

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All statements and videos by al-Nusra Front have been released by its media outlet, al-Manarah al-Bayda (

1750:

Members of the group were accused of attacking the religious beliefs of non-Sunnis in Syria, such as the

1711: 1603:

The al-Nusra Front is estimated to be primarily made up of Syrian jihadists. Its goals were to overthrow

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in November 2012, an important and strategic base for the Syrian army, containing up to 48 helicopters.

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Al-Nusra Front allegedly have an elite sniper unit known as the "Wolf Group". Training is conducted in

3271: 3212: 2481: 2462: 1385: 11706: 11157:"Syria Massacre? Nusra Front Fighters Reportedly Kill Women, Children, Elderly Men in Alawite Village" 9897:"Two days after the killing of "jihadist" leaders… airstrikes by unknown warplanes again near Sarmada" 4430: 15829: 15778: 15671: 15401: 14715: 14588: 14383: 14298: 14119: 13885: 13757: 13501: 13456: 13361: 13192: 12858: 12853: 12684: 12657: 12652: 12514: 12393: 12201: 11909: 11579: 11547: 8681:"Syrian civil war: Jabhat al-Nusra's massacre of Druze villagers shows they're just as nasty as Isis" 8578: 3526: 3163: 2192:

groups—and that as of December 2016 Al-Qaeda had embedded "two dozen senior personnel" in the group.

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Al-Nusra Front also claimed responsibility for attacking numerous Syrian military bases, including:

2196:

them joined its ranks since the rebranding, believing the group to be "less extreme" than the rival

16049: 15773: 14705: 14580: 14565: 14033: 13752: 13742: 13727: 13551: 13396: 13217: 12922: 12619: 12560: 12170: 11747: 10091: 9212:"Syria's Nusra Front leader urges wider attacks on Assad's Alawite areas to avenge Russian bombing" 8501: 8476: 3333: 3198: 3085: 3011:

10,000 fighters, with the Russian ministry of defence estimating 7,000 fighters in Idlib province.

2811:, but with superior weaponry on which the FSA depended in joint operations against the government. 2543: 2093:, an Uzbek group which is a part of al-Qaeda. Child soldiers were used by Katibat Imam al-Bukhari. 1787: 649: 5551: 16228: 16108: 15977: 14659: 14618: 14608: 14403: 14257: 14178: 13983: 13846: 13675: 13665: 13411: 13391: 13177: 12927: 12897: 12880: 12758: 12410: 11448: 9544: 8434: 3286: 3061: 3053: 2933: 2902: 2783: 2776: 2694: 2687: 2671: 2667: 2030: 2013:

Held the position of general religious authority and Emir of the Eastern area until 30 July 2014

1573:

Victory Front for the People of the Levant by the Mujahideen of the Levant on the Fields of Jihad

770: 695: 441: 182: 4865:"Free Syrian Army commander praises Al Nusrah Front as 'brothers' | FDD's Long War Journal" 3281:

Sheikh Suleiman military base in western Aleppo, which was used by Jabhat Fatah al-Sham and the

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A number of Americans have attempted to join the fighting in Syria, specifically with al-Nusra.

1733:. In December 2014, al-Nusra Front fighters shot dead a woman execution-style on accusations of 16077: 16012: 15932: 15479: 15420: 15236: 14173: 13978: 13939: 13590: 13541: 13496: 13466: 13080: 13040: 13015: 13005: 12863: 12838: 12728: 12691: 12667: 12467: 10645: 7420: 7194: 7135: 6432: 4188: 4153: 3602: 3324:

Abu Umar Saraqib and Abu Faraj's deaths received condolences from the Turkistan Islamic Party.

3306: 3251: 3133: 3125: 2922: 2897:

called for Russian civilians to be attacked by former Soviet Muslims and called for attacks on

2894: 2615: 2344: 2249: 2154: 1960: 1907: 1585: 1243: 1196: 1039: 914: 871: 860: 831: 298: 122: 77: 10623: 8958: 4764: 4404: 3109:, an Egyptian JFS and al-Qaeda commander, was killed by a US airstrike against his vehicle in 1989:

Deputy leader and senior religious official in al-Nusra Left the group after the formation of

16087: 16007: 15844: 13620: 13100: 12291: 12266: 12165: 6487: 6112: 3321:

then established a joint operations room to combat al-Nusra and its subfaction Jund al-Aqsa.

2603: 2585: 2287: 2237: 2185: 1718: 1625:, a top sharia official in the group, acknowledged that it is influenced by the teachings of 1380: 1340: 956: 165: 10137: 8679: 8456: 7774: 1077:". In April 2013, Al-Nusra Front was publicly confirmed as the official Syrian affiliate of 15824: 15681: 15630: 15454: 15223: 14862: 14623: 14449: 14423: 13949: 13481: 13294: 13045: 13010: 12843: 12828: 12674: 12363: 12286: 12088: 11986: 11842:"القضاء العراقي ينشر اعترافات قيادي في النصرة :شيخ قطري مدّ فصيل ارهابي بمليون دولار شهريا" 11601:(List of) "Designated individuals and organisations" in New Zealand as "terrorist entities" 10549: 10156: 10111: 10043: 10012: 9981: 9950: 9919: 9870: 9839: 9789: 9739: 8869: 8838: 8807: 8776: 8030: 7971: 6632: 5913:"Officials from Al Nusrah Front, Ahrar al Sham vow to continue fight against Islamic State" 3638:

militiamen while kidnapping up to 70 people after taking control of the Alawite village of

3453:

fact that ISIS gained Al Nusra weapons as members of Al Nusra are known to defect to ISIS.

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brigades and disengage from al-Qaeda, but that not all Nusra emirs had yet agreed to that.

2821: 2625:

The next day al-Julani rejected the proposed merger and affirmed the group's allegiance to

2607: 2283: 2261: 2241: 2083: 2000: 1692: 1360: 1125: 1086: 856: 846: 726: 721: 4757:"Qatar denies support for Muslim Brotherhood, Nusra Front - Xinhua | English.news.cn" 3669:

Countries and organisations below have listed al-Nusra Front as a terrorist organisation:

3436:

Qatar managed the negotiations with al-Nusra Front that ultimately led to American writer

2795: 2037:, the group was organised along semi-conventional military lines, with units divided into 1799:

news network was actively involved in the "mainstreaming" of the Al-Nusra Front in Syria.

628: 8: 16059: 15042: 14997: 14962: 14474: 14278: 14057: 13722: 13558: 12912: 12892: 12713: 12696: 12597: 12499: 12276: 10999: 10708: 9915: 6259: 5677: 5190: 4508: 4165: 3423: 3263: 3259: 3106: 2906: 2332: 2318: 2296: 2279: 2170: 2090: 1931: 1511: 1124:

and other rebel groups, Jabhat Fatah al-Sham (JFS) merged with four other groups to form

1034: 896: 826: 93: 10568: 9503: 9018:"جبهة النصرة تخلي مقارها في سرمدا الحدودية مع تركيا منعاً لاستخدامها كذريعة لقصف البلدة" 5707: 5336: 5251: 16054: 16030: 15987: 15605: 15600: 15526: 14982: 14428: 13895: 13826: 13787: 12504: 12482: 11142: 10769: 10039: 10008: 9977: 9946: 9866: 9835: 9785: 9735: 9395:"Turkey Officials Confirm Pact With Saudi Arabia To Help Rebels Fighting Syria's Assad" 6734:"Insight - U.S.-led strikes pressure al Qaeda's Syria group to join with Islamic State" 5498:"Rewards for Justice - Reward Offer for Information on Senior Leaders of Hurras al-Din" 3624: 3606: 3589: 3500: 3310: 3102: 3073: 3019: 2638: 2507: 2166: 1756: 1499: 1445: 1137: 1133: 466: 13050: 12907: 11769: 9653: 9063: 8865: 8803: 8772: 8600: 8004: 6364:"California Arrest Underscores Ongoing Concern Over Americans Joining Al Qaeda Abroad" 5577: 5221: 3456:

Qatar's alleged support of Al Nusra was highly criticized in both U.S. and U.K media.

16043: 15992: 15676: 15517: 15340: 15047: 15002: 14603: 14598: 14374: 14283: 14239: 13595: 12796: 12509: 12068: 11879: 10152: 10107: 9085:"Russia calls on all states to put Islamic State, Jabhat al-Nusra on terrorist lists" 8834: 8630: 7617: 7354: 5977: 4533: 3573: 3437: 3411: 3400: 3236: 2815: 2750: 2679: 2675: 2518: 2181: 2162: 1730: 1644: 1630: 1218: 1113: 1082: 1055: 1006: 612: 293: 197: 11884: 10810:"Syria: Al-Nusra Jihadists 'Capture US TOW Anti-Tank Missiles' from Moderate Rebels" 9577:"Statement by Pentagon Press Secretary Peter Cook on Strike against al-Qaida Leader" 7325:"Terrorist Al-Ayesh, Who Supervised Rigging Car Bombs Detonated in Damascus, Killed" 6397:"North Carolina Arrest Marks 6th American in 2013 Associated With Al Qaeda in Syria" 6335:"The Formation of Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham and Wider Tensions in the Syrian Insurgency" 5973:"Number of ISIS defectors growing, disillusioned with killing fellow Muslims: Study" 4325:"Syria Islamist factions, including former al Qaeda branch, join forces - statement" 3630:

On 12 May 2016, according to pro-government media, rebels led by al-Nusra Front and

2987:

On 7 May 2015, a Turkish official said that Turkey and Saudi Arabia were bolstering

2446:

The murder in July 2012 of journalist Mohammed al-Saeed, a well-known government TV

15691: 15686: 15017: 15007: 14987: 14977: 14882: 14872: 14867: 14805: 14764: 14749: 14454: 14104: 13988: 13314: 13237: 12823: 12647: 12602: 12553: 12536: 12531: 12378: 12343: 11971: 11932: 10905: 10687: 10545: 7644: 7328: 4324: 4269: 4249: 3445: 3378: 3274: 3240: 3098: 2936:

cited rumours that Nusra leader al-Julani had plans to disassociate from al-Qaeda.

2879: 2841:, after tensions between the two groups boiled over. Subsequent clashes erupted in 2808: 2619: 2368: 2323: 2233: 2079: 2054: 1939: 1636:

The tactics of al-Nusra Front differed markedly from those of rival jihadist group

1435: 1102: 1043: 1010: 841: 803: 731: 617: 490: 458: 429: 353: 126: 109: 97: 10827:"Mapping Militant Organizations: Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham (Formerly Jabhat al-Nusra)" 10073:"US air strikes kill more than 100 'al-Qaeda militants' at training camp in Syria" 6155:[Why did Al-Nusra Front apologize for the Qalb Lozeh massacre in Syria?]. 5830:"An Internal Struggle: Al Qaeda's Syrian Affiliate Is Grappling With Its Identity" 4456:"An internal struggle: Al Qaeda's Syrian affiliate is grappling with its identity" 3492:, targeting (destruction/killing) of pro-government media stations and personnel. 2943:

reported that "sources within and close to al-Nusra" said that in the past months

2359: 2082:

who were alleged to have financially supported another Bosnian-American, the late

15952: 15696: 15595: 15590: 15585: 15032: 14937: 14912: 14835: 14825: 14820: 14810: 14759: 14754: 14326: 13421: 13242: 12808: 12575: 12398: 12271: 12175: 11455: 11004:

Syrian rebel groups sought to buy materials for chemical weapons, prosecutors say

10988: 10278: 10259: 9600: 9114: 8528: 7118: 5635:"Al-Nusra Front not yet dead as its emir devises "Islamic Emirate of the Levant"" 5218:"Terrorist Designations of the al-Nusrah Front as an Alias for al-Qa'ida in Iraq" 4734: 4301: 4179: 4144: 4101: 3639: 3613: 3598:. On 5 June 2012, the al-Nusra Front claimed responsibility for the 13 killings. 3549: 3479: 3392: 3129: 3110: 3003: 2980: 2878:

in 2016, "Jabhat Fateh al-Sham has a complex relationship with the more moderate

2768: 2764: 2715: 2698: 2566: 2189: 2121: 2113: 1935: 1782: 1726: 1684: 1657:

Contribute towards the establishment of a Syria-wide sharia judicial court system

1604: 1576: 1276: 1262: 1213: 1206: 1014: 1002: 453: 3605:

by rebel Islamist groups including al-Nusra Front in early August, according to

2173:, an associate of al-Zawahiri, sat alongside al-Julani during the announcement. 1774: 15615: 15552: 15542: 15263: 14972: 14942: 14892: 14877: 14857: 14845: 14830: 14815: 14739: 14052: 12833: 12718: 12592: 12494: 12338: 10316: 5181: 4708: 4219:"Time Exclusive: Meet the Islamist Militants Fighting Alongside Syria's Rebels" 3724: 3654: 3650: 3631: 3585: 3569: 3553: 3504: 3318: 3314: 3121: 3049: 2867: 2863: 2834: 2659: 2474: 2447: 2336:

described Nusra then as the most aggressive and successful arm of the FSA. The

2327: 2291: 2257: 2209: 1990: 1979: 1700: 1622: 1516: 1223: 1129: 1105:. In July 2016, al-Nusra formally re-designated itself from Jabhat al-Nusra to 1098: 972: 780: 639: 56: 14700: 11317:"Islamists agree to hand over corpses of civilians massacred in northern Homs" 10273: 9538: 9035: 6828: 6109:"Syria: Abductions, torture and summary killings at the hands of armed groups" 6054:"Syria's Nusra Front backs Paris attacks, despite opposition to Islamic State" 5856:"Al Qaeda appears 'moderate' compared to Islamic State, veteran jihadist says" 3052:

in August and was subsequently arrested by Turkish authorities for being in a

2737: 1116:, who denounced it as an "act of disobedience". On 28 January 2017, following 16102: 15927: 15875: 15809: 15711: 15547: 15443: 15027: 14992: 14947: 14917: 14897: 14852: 14840: 14687: 14464: 12818: 12733: 12368: 10976: 10204:"Al Qaeda and allies announce 'new entity' in Syria | FDD's Long War Journal" 9368:"Al Nusra Front Has 'Dissociated' from Al Qaeda, Says Abu Muhammad al Julani" 7699:"At least 50 pro-Assad forces killed in Syria suicide bombing, activists say" 3302: 3297: 3093: 3065: 3041: 2988: 2901:

villages in Syria. In November 2015, al-Nusra fighters and Turkish-supported

2746: 2723: 2401: 1923: 1761: 1660:

Use strategic areas of the country to build a sustainable al-Qaeda power base

1637: 1617: 1345: 1335: 1228: 1141: 1121: 1018: 983: 505: 42: 11788:"Al Qaeda-founded rebel group's growth underscores U.S. challenges in Syria" 10665:"Qatar played now-familiar role in helping to broker U.S. hostage's release" 8925:"Syria crisis: Spooked by rebel gains, Jordan doubles down on Islamic State" 8189:"Al-Qaeda disavows any ties with radical Islamist ISIS group in Syria, Iraq" 8055:"Syria: Jabhat al-Nusra split after leader's pledge of support for al-Qaeda" 6932:"U.S. Places Militant Syrian Rebel Group on List of Terrorist Organizations" 6656:"Syrian branch of Al Qaeda rebrands in effort to escape foreign air strikes" 6337:. Combating Terrorism Center at West Point. 22 February 2017. Archived from 4297:"Interview with Official of Jabhat al-Nusra, Syria's Islamist Militia Group" 3533:

operatives sent from al-Qaeda strongholds along the Afghan-Pakistan border.

2686:

reported. In May 2014, open fighting broke out between ISIL and al-Nusra in

2565:

As of June 2013, al-Nusra Front had claimed responsibility for 57 of the 70

2120:) (The White Minaret), via the leading jihadist webforum Shamoukh al-Islam ( 2097:

were attacked by the group in September 2015. They also participated in the

1647:

instructed al-Nusra Front leader Julani to pursue the following five goals:

691: 15922: 15610: 14957: 14932: 14907: 14902: 14710: 14348: 14293: 6218:"Al Qaeda forces Druze of Idlib Syria to destroy their shrines and convert" 5932:"Al Qaeda Uses ISIS to Try to Present Itself as Respectable, Even Moderate" 3396: 3381:, a command structure for jihadist groups in Syria that Jabhat al-Nusra." 3361: 3117: 2849: 2176:

Despite the group re-branding and announcing no external affiliations, the

1592:

Jabhat an-Nuṣrah li-ahli ash-Shām min Mujahideen ash-Shām fi Sahat al-Jihad

1534: 1450: 1047: 417: 193: 11292:"Syrian opposition forces massacre, kidnap 120 civilians in southern Hama" 11261:"Activists: Al Qaeda affiliate kills 20 members of minority sect in Syria" 10849: 9817:"Pentagon: Airstrikes kill 20 or more al Qaeda fighters in northern Syria" 9680:"Monitors: Airstrike in Syria Kills Extremist Leaders Near Turkish Border" 8346: 5638: 4916:"Hezbollah fighters and the "jihadis" Mad, drugged, homicidal, and hungry" 4790: 2994:

A "well-connected Syrian Islamist" cited in May 2015 by Charles Lister in

2572:

In December 2013, al-Nusra abducted 13 nuns from a Christian monastery in

2450:, was claimed by Nusra in a video released on 3 or 4 August, according to 2214:

Khorasan, also known as the Khorasan Group, is an alleged group of senior

15869: 15620: 15557: 15355: 15037: 14967: 14952: 14927: 9133:

Al-Qaeda Affiliate Issues Bounty for Capture of Russian Soldiers in Syria

6850: 4816:"Former Guantanamo detainee killed while leading jihadist group in Syria" 4107: 3658: 3595: 3594:

On 29 May 2012, a mass execution was discovered near the eastern city of

3561: 3278: 2975: 2432: 2431:

On 29 May 2012, a mass execution was discovered near the eastern city of

2310: 2268: 2007: 1696: 1651:

Better integrate his movement within the Syrian revolution and its people

1059: 776: 178: 10876:"Syrian rebel groups sought sarin gas material, Turkish prosecutors say" 10773: 10743:"Qatar funnelled millions of dollars to Nusra Front terrorists in Syria" 7351:"Authorities Clash with Terrorists in Aleppo, Kill Prominent Member of…" 6471:"Turkistan Islamic Party had significant role in recent Idlib offensive" 6079:"Syria and Islamist groups guilty of war crimes, YPG cleared: UN report" 5760:"A jihadist blueprint for hearts and minds is gaining traction in Syria" 3612:

On 10 September 2013, al-Nusra fighters attacked the Alawite village of

2267:

A number of meetings were held between October 2011 and January 2012 in

15666: 15656: 14720: 11504:"Britain bans Syria's al-Qaida-linked Nusra Front on terrorism grounds" 9264: 8756: 8552:"UN official defends Indian general in Syrian peacekeeping controversy" 8425:"UN official defends Indian general in Syrian peacekeeping controversy" 8322:"Al Qaeda's rise in southern Syrian pushes moderate rebels to sideline" 7190: 5608: 4377: 4007: 3988: 3969: 3543: 3511: 2910: 2731: 2540:

claimed a total of 50 soldiers were killed in the Sahl al-Ghab attack.

1350: 1181: 1022: 11824:"إحالة 19 إرهابيا من داعش وجبهة النصرة إلى المحكمة العسكرية اللبنانية" 10483:"Report: Israel treating al-Qaida fighters wounded in Syria civil war" 10443:"Resilient insurgent group Ahrar al-Sham to play bigger role in Syria" 9613: 9003:"2 Damascus-based jihadist groups swear allegiance to Al Nusrah Front" 7087:"For newly recognized Syrian rebel coalition, a first dispute with US" 6197:

Gartenstein-Ross, Daveed; Al-Tamimi, Aymenn Jawad (19 November 2015).

5387:"How al-Qa'ida Lost Control of its Syrian Affiliate: The Inside Story" 4402: 3503:

reported that several rebel groups, including al-Nusra, have enlisted

15012: 11849: 11576:"Saudi Arabia lists terrorist groups - Xinhua | English.news.cn" 10397:"U.S. has secretly provided arms training to Syria rebels since 2012" 10072: 9896: 5445:"Hay'at Tahrir al Sham leader calls for 'unity' in Syrian insurgency" 5296:"A Look at the Army of Conquest, a Prominent Rebel Alliance in Syria" 4787:"Abu Bakr Shishani Now Fighting Alongside Ajnad al-Kavkaz in Latakia" 3564:, not sarin. In September, six of those arrested in May (one Syrian, 3461: 3353: 3337: 3290: 3069: 3014: 2772: 2526: 2150: 1266: 1201: 1186: 761: 716: 288: 249:(Primarily in Northwest Syria, around the Idlib and Aleppo Provinces) 11726:"List of terrorist and extremist organizations banned in Kyrgyzstan" 11689:"ヌスラ戦線（現「タハリール・アル・シャーム機構」〈HTS〉） | 国際テロリズム要覧（Web版） | 公安調査庁" 11614:"UAE to try nine for recruiting militants to fight in Syria: agency" 10372:"CIA begins weapons delivery to Syrian rebels - The Washington Post" 9235:"Head of al Qaeda's Syrian branch threatens Russia in audio message" 9037:

Islam Army Sheikh Zahran Alloush -- Jabhat al-Nusra are our Brothers

8399:

Syrian National Coalition of Syrian Revolution and Opposition Forces

6853:(6 July 2012). "Iraq: Al-Qaeda migrates to Syria". Associated Press. 6603:"Egyptian al Qaeda leader killed by US drone strike in Idlib, Syria" 5672:"Inside Jabhat al Nusra - the most extreme wing of Syria's struggle" 4971: 2916: 2282:

reported that many of Nusra's members were Syrians who were part of

15997: 15937: 15814: 15646: 15562: 15537: 15469: 14730: 14678: 11901: 11875:

Combating al-Qaeda in Syria: A Strategy for the Next Administration

11666: 11205:"Islamists kill 15 Alawite and Druze civilians in Syria -activists" 10955:"No Chemical Arms Seized from Syrian Militants, Turkish Envoy Says" 9559:"Hezbollah kills Jabhat Fateh al Sham militants on Lebanese border" 9137: 9017: 8626:"Islamic State, rival Al Nusra Front each strengthen grip on Syria" 8429: 8395:"Rebels Call on Al Nusra Front to Rethink Establishing its "Emirat" 7220: 3821: 3530: 3370: 2974:

But in May 2015 Abu Maria al-Qahtani, the commander of al-Nusra in

2961: 2898: 2853: 2663: 2626: 2594: 2573: 2477: 2384: 2245: 2215: 2158: 2042: 2026: 1751: 1626: 1310: 1252: 1160: 1136:

doctrines. Sami al-Oraydi, alongside other Al-Qaeda loyalists like

1094: 1078: 1063: 1051: 327: 278: 9317:"Analysis: Al Nusrah Front rebrands itself as Jabhat Fath Al Sham" 9152:"Syria's Russian Jihadists Vow To Slaughter Putin's Invading Army" 8292:"Al Qaeda leaves east Syria strongholds to Islamic State -monitor" 7901: 7866:"Free Syrian Army rebels defect to Islamist group Jabhat al-Nusra" 6628:"Analysis: Al Nusrah Front rebrands itself as Jabhat Fath Al Sham" 6509:"Insight - Syria's Nusra Front may leave Qaeda to form new entity" 5476:"Jihadists form 'Guardians of the Religion' organization in Syria" 3576:

for other terrorism crimes, but not apprehended; he died in 2021.

3496:

Mohammed al-Saeed disappeared; the group later declared him dead.

2790: 1934:. On 18 December 2013, he gave his first television interview, to 1860:

Flag of Jabhat al-Nusra's branch in Lebanon used from 2013 to 2014

16204:

Organizations designated as terrorist by the United Arab Emirates

15701: 10842:"Wolf or Khorasan: Who Was Jabhat al-Nusra's Abu Yusuf al-Turki?" 10789:"Syria rebel groups recruit child soldiers, says rights watchdog" 10553: 10168: 10123: 10055: 10024: 9993: 9962: 9931: 9882: 9851: 9801: 9751: 9491:

Russia announces daily ceasefires in Syria's Aleppo to let in aid

9092: 8881: 8850: 8819: 8788: 8184: 7703: 7524: 6870:"With wary eye, Syrian rebels welcome Islamists into their ranks" 6428:"funding case hope to prove St. Louis man was 'lawful combatant'" 6017:"Al Qaeda chief calls for jihadist unity to 'liberate Jerusalem'" 5981:. London. Agence France-Presse. 21 September 2015. Archived from 4946:"Kata'ib Sayyid al-Shuhada | Mapping Militant Organizations" 4062: 3950: 3489: 3483:

An al-Nusra Front battalion training during the Syrian Civil War.

3255: 3235:

As of late 2016, al-Nusra mainly controlled territory throughout

3081: 2968: 2940: 2857: 2634: 2410: 2052:

Al-Nusra contained a hierarchy of religious bodies, with a small

2046: 2038: 1722: 1673: 1608: 1298: 1257: 549: 283: 260: 15412: 10684:"How Qatar Is Funding al-Qaeda-and Why That Could Help the U.S." 8654:"U.S.-backed Syria rebels routed by fighters linked to al-Qaeda" 7592:"Militant group says was behind Aleppo air defense base assault" 6959:"Al Nusrah Front conducts joint operation with Free Syrian Army" 2852:, numbering 400 fighters, joined al-Nusra. Five days later, two 1938:, a journalist originally from Syria, for Al Jazeera, and spoke 12202:

Relations between Syrian government and Kurdish groups in Syria

11966: 10369: 10228: 10087:"U.S. Airstrike Kills More Than 100 al-Qaida Fighters in Syria" 8712:"For Syria's Druze, survival hinges on choosing the right ally" 8343:"Will the 'Emirate of the Levant' be announced on Eid al-Fitr?" 6036:"Zawahiri calls for jihadist unity, encourages attacks in West" 4250:"Air strike kills top commander of former Nusra group in Syria" 4043: 3522: 3407: 3357: 3045: 3040:

In July Jabhat Fatah al-Sham kidnapped the American journalist

2842: 2814:

During successful Syrian opposition offensives in the northern

2413:

militia. We are a people who will either gain victory or die."

2372: 2034: 1765:

establishing an Islamic territory under their administration".

1612: 1191: 579: 380: 208: 11641:"Turkey Designates Al-Nusra Front as a Terrorist Organization" 8457:"Qaeda-rebels: UN Peacekeepers to be judged according to God." 8266:"Hundreds killed as ISIL insurgents gain ground in east Syria" 8111:"Insight: Syria's Nusra Front eclipsed by Iraq-based al Qaeda" 5538:

The Brookings Project on U.S. Relations with the Islamic World

3510:

In November 2014, al-Nusra claimed to have captured U.S.-made

3143:

Military situation in the Syrian Civil War as of January 2024.

2767:

worth millions of dollars for the killing of Syrian President

2513:

In October 2012, they joined other rebels in an attack on the

2387:'religious prison' Nusra might be wanting to turn Syria into. 1836:

Flag of the al-Nusra Front, most commonly used until July 2016

1687:(such as his 1998 announcement that "So we seek to incite the 15346:

Fourth Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference

11961: 7030:"Syrian rebels defy US and pledge allegiance to jihadi group" 4883:"من هي جبهة النصرة الجهادية التي تقاتل مع الجيش السوري الحر؟" 4419: 4170:'Front of the Supporters of the People of the Levant' 3931: 3557: 3467: 3399:

confirmed in September 2015 that a small group of US-trained

3349: 3327: 3150: 3077: 2952: 2944: 2838: 2804: 2757: 2649: 2637:

reported that al-Baghdadi had travelled from Iraq to Syria's

2554:

Though it was initially reported that Syrian Catholic priest

2405: 2354: 2253: 2137: 1769: 1688: 1669: 1654:

Coordinate more closely with all Islamic groups on the ground

1176: 1026: 534: 396: 275: 245: 219: 16044:

Targeted Killings: Law and Morality in an Asymmetrical World

11020:

Al-Monitor: Independent, trusted coverage of the Middle East

10901:"Report: Police foil al-Nusra bomb attack planned for Adana" 10724:"Qatar's Support of Islamists Alienates Allies Near and Far" 9079: 9077: 7061:"Syrian protesters slam U.S. blacklisting of jihadist group" 6572:"SYRIA'S REBELS ON WINNING STREAK—IN ALLIANCE WITH AL QAEDA" 5046:"Rebels fight ISIS-linked group near Israeli-occupied Golan" 1683:

was issued by al-Nusra in 2015, which included old audio by

943: 15532: 15522: 11897:

First ever broadcast interview with Abu Mohammed al-Joulani

11667:"Russia seeks UN ban on oil trade with terrorists in Syria" 9429:"Nusra Front split from al-Qaeda 'imminent', sources claim" 6899:"Syria Conflict: Rebels, Army Battle Over Taftanaz Airbase" 5955:"US counterterrorism efforts in Syria: A winning strategy?" 5186:"Al-Qaeda affiliate playing larger role in Syria rebellion" 4731:"Qatar 'maybe' supported al-Qaeda in Syria, says former PM" 4405:"Report: Airstrikes target another Islamist group in Syria" 4081: 2719: 2682:

chief Abu Mohammad al-Ansari together with his family, the

2614:" (ISIL), under his command. Al-Baghdadi also claimed that 2533: 2272: 2145:

observers considered such a split conceivable or imminent.

1966: 1903: 1738: 1734: 1571:

From 2012 to 2013, the al-Nusra Front's full name was the "

593: 564: 16209:

Organizations designated as terrorist by the United States

11016:"Elusive figure of Syrian war dies with secrets in Turkey" 9717:"Ex-Qaeda affiliate leaders among 25 dead in Syria strike" 9260:"After shooting down Russian jet, what's next for Turkey?" 9009: 7495:"Militant group Al-Nusra claim suicide bombings in Aleppo" 7469:"Militant group Al-Nusra claim suicide bombings in Aleppo" 4403:

Nick Paton Walsh and Laura Smith-Spark (6 November 2014).

3664: 3422:

The Emir of Qatar publicly admitted, in an interview with

3352:

of helping al-Nusra. In October 2014, U.S. Vice President

3340:, who defected from Ahrar al-Sham to join this new group. 10590: 10588: 10586: 10461:"US-trained Syria fighters gave equipment to Nusra Front" 9342:"US drone strike kills prominent Turkish al-Qaeda leader" 9178:"Russian Embassy shelled in Syria as insurgents hit back" 9074: 8027:"Al-Nusra Commits to al-Qaeda, Deny Iraq Branch 'Merger'" 7968:"Qaeda in Iraq confirms Syria's Nusra is part of network" 7909:"The Structure and Organization of the Syrian Opposition" 7728:"Suicide bomber kills 50 Syrian security men: opposition" 7217:"Jihadist group claim responsibility for Damascus blasts" 6196: 5664: 5662: 5660: 5658: 5656: 2875: 2714:

On 28 August 2014, militants from the group kidnapped 45

2492:

Aleppo district: an air defence base, on: 12 October 2012

2343:

On 10 December 2012, the U.S. designated Nusra a foreign

1768:

On 10 June 2015, al-Nusra fighters shot dead at least 20

16:

Jihadist organization in the Syrian Civil War (2012–2017)

15351:

International recognition of the Syrian National Council

11042:"Turkey: Syrian jailed for being member of terror group" 10930:"Turkey arrests 12 in raids on 'terrorist' organization" 10760:

Chapman, Geoffrey (2017). "Islamic State and Al-Nusra".

10501:"Ex-Mossad head on Israel medical aid to al-Nusra Front" 9767:"Uighur jihadist fought in Afghanistan, killed in Syria" 9699:"The Coalition Strikes Down Al-Qaeda's Leaders in Syria" 9448:"Al Qaeda Turns to Syria, With a Plan to Challenge ISIS" 7132:"Unknown Islamist group claims suicide attacks in Syria" 4265:"Uighur jihadist fought in Afghanistan, killed in Syria" 3568:, and five Turks, alleged to be members of al-Nusra and 2086:, who they alleged died fighting with al-Nusra in 2014. 11806:"5 Kuwaitis acquitted of funding Daesh, Al-Nusra Front" 11424:"Turkey lists al-Nusra Front as terrorist organization" 9205: 9203: 8601:"Syria conflict: Rebels release Fijian UN peacekeepers" 6488:"Everything You Need To Know About the New Nusra Front" 5791:"Al Qaeda Tries a New Tactic to Keep Power: Sharing It" 5359:"Al-Nusra chief in Syria announces break with al Qaeda" 5279:. Agence France-Presse. 8 November 2013. Archived from 4521: 4519: 2905:

were engaged in heavy fighting in Syria's northwestern

1721:

report in July 2016, the al-Nusra Front was accused of

10704:"How Qatar is funding the rise of Islamist extremists" 10678: 10676: 10674: 10583: 10231:"How Qatar is funding the rise of Islamist extremists" 9292:"Al-Nusra leader Jolani announces split from al-Qaeda" 8524:"Irish troops evacuate Filipino peacekeepers in Syria" 7640:"Syrian rebels kill 28 soldiers as fighting continues" 7187:"Islamist group claims Syria bombs 'to avenge Sunnis'" 6893: 6891: 6764:"Nusra leader: Our mission is to defeat Syrian regime" 6682:"The ramifications of the Nusra's split from al-Qaeda" 6597: 6595: 6234: 6228: 6176:"Syrian jihadi leader courts Druze community in Idlib" 6153:"لماذا اعتذرت جبهة النصرة عن مجزرة قلب لوزة في سوريا؟" 5998:"Al Nusrah Front celebrates 9/11 attacks in new video" 5653: 5250:. Middle East Media Research Institute. Archived from 4840: 2909:

against the Syrian government forces supported by the

2693:

By July 2014, al-Nusra had largely been expelled from

2547:

warned civilians against boarding commercial flights.

1581:جبهة النصرة لأهل الشام من مجاهدي الشام في ساحات الجهاد 16194:

Organizations designated as terrorist by Saudi Arabia

14414:

National Coordination Committee for Democratic Change

11373:"Jabhat al-Nusra | Australian National Security" 10370:

Ernesto Londoño and Greg Miller (11 September 2013).

10357:"American and International Militants Drawn to Syria" 10229:

David Blair and Richard Spencer (20 September 2014).

8216:. Al Akhbar English. 26 February 2014. Archived from 7567: 7549:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 3 October 2012 6864: 6862: 6860: 5737:"Nusra leader: No end to conflict with ISIL in Syria" 5578:"The Syrian rebel groups pulling in foreign fighters" 5148:. Quilliam Foundation. 8 January 2013. Archived from 4994:"Jabhat al-Nusra launches war against IS in Qalamoun" 4371: 3536:

In October 2015, al-Julani called for indiscriminate

3007:

ideology and its plan to commit attacks on the West.

2256:, and reached out to Islamists released from Syria's 11235:"Syrian troops launch offensive after dozens killed" 11060: 10294:"Gulf crisis seen widening split in Syria rebellion" 9200: 7896:

Syria: One on one with the leader of Jabhat al-Nusra

7421:"Syrian TV presenter executed - Doha Freedom Centre" 6797: 6795: 6793: 6791: 6789: 6787: 6785: 5731: 5729: 5414:"Al Qaeda and allies announce 'new entity' in Syria" 4516: 4450: 4448: 4193: 4158: 4097: 3649:

in mid-December 2016, the al-Nusra Front arrested a

3556:

near the Syrian border and confiscated 2 kg of

3544:

Turkish arrests for alleged chemical weapon purchase

2363:

Al-Nusra Front fighters during the Syrian Civil War.

1884:

Flag of Jabhat Fatah al-Sham, July 2016–January 2017

1590: 16174:

Organizations based in Asia designated as terrorist

12053:

Human rights violations during the Syrian civil war

11471:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 29 June 2013 11068:"'Sarin gazı' davasına 29 Aralık'ta devam edilecek" 10671: 10255:"How Qatar seized control of the Syrian revolution" 10198: 10196: 9594:

US-backed rebels defect to al-Qaeda branch in Syria

8943: 8893: 8891: 8083: 8081: 7848:"Nuns Released by Syrians After Three-Month Ordeal" 7673:"Syria conflict: rebel 'war crime' caught on video" 7249:. Agence France-Presse. 15 May 2012. Archived from 7112:'Islamist group post video claiming Syria attacks'. 7003:"Islamist groups gaining prominence in Syria fight" 6981:"Syria revolt attracts motley foreign jihadi corps" 6888: 6592: 6255:"Elusive Al-Qaeda leader in Syria stays in shadows" 6199:"Al Nusra's Rebranding and What It Means for Syria" 6128:"Brutality of Syrian Rebels Posing Dilemma in West" 5271: 5269: 3384:Al-Nusra was also materially supported by multiple 2025:The structure of the group varied across Syria. In 852:

al-Nusra Front–Syria Revolutionaries Front conflict

16159:Organisations designated as terrorist by Australia 11578:. Xinhua News Agency. 8 March 2014. Archived from 10638: 10332: 9210: 9115:"Russia launches media offensive on Syria bombing" 8752:"Nusra Front issues bounties for Assad, Nasrallah" 8369:"Jabhat al-Nusra, IS compete for foreign fighters" 8053: 7243:"Jihadist group denies claiming Damascus bombings" 7028: 6857: 6701: 6699: 6419: 6237:"Additional Notes on the Druze of Jabal al-Summaq" 5670: 5605:"Jabhat al-Nusra, IS compete for foreign fighters" 5329:"Syrian Nusra Front announces split from al-Qaeda" 5068:"Al-Qaeda defeats Syrian moderate rebels in Idlib" 4903:. Institute for the Study of War. 13 January 2015. 3620:Some people were shot while others were beheaded. 3015:As Jabhat Fatah al-Sham (July 2016 – January 2017) 1824:Variant flag of the al-Nusra Front, used 2012–2012 16189:Organizations designated as terrorist by Malaysia 11707:"Bahrain Terrorist List (individuals – entities)" 11526:"Public Safety Canada. Currently listed entities" 11183:"Syria jihadists claim they killed Homs Alawites" 10519:"IDF denies ties between Israel, Jabhat al-Nusra" 10067: 10065: 7121:NOW., 29 February 2012. Retrieved 27 August 2015. 6782: 5726: 4704:"Trump Will Regret Changing His Mind About Qatar" 4620: 4618: 4499:Ghanmi, Elyès; Punzet, Agnieszka (11 June 2013). 4445: 3625:killed at least 20 Druze villagers in Qalb Lawzeh 3195:Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria 2917:Speculations on a split with al-Qaeda (2015–2016) 1093:. In March 2015, the militia joined other Syrian 1046:were focused on ending the decades-long reign of 16179:Organizations designated as terrorist by Bahrain 16134:Anti-government factions of the Syrian civil war 16100: 11197: 11008: 10982:Al-Nusra Linked to Chemical Production in Turkey 10663:Goldman, Adam; DeYoung, Karen (25 August 2014). 10312:"Joe Biden Is the Only Honest Man in Washington" 10193: 9913: 9654:"Syria conflict: Rebels seize key Idlib airbase" 8888: 8078: 7775:"Syrian rebels push offensive for major airport" 7162:"Al Nusrah Front claims suicide attack in Syria" 6829:"Jihadists, weapons 'moving from Iraq to Syria'" 6675: 6673: 6671: 6669: 6565: 6563: 6561: 6538: 6536: 6534: 6452:"Uzbek group in Syria trains children for jihad" 5266: 5241: 5239: 5094:"Jabhat al-Nusra looks for battlefield breakout" 4374:"ISIS losing ground in Syria to Jabhat al-Nusra" 4291: 4289: 4287: 3657:while he filmed the hospital operations. He was 3373:coming from other parts of the world." In 2015, 3002:In late July 2016, through various sources, the 2885: 2837:expelled al-Nusra Front from the Syrian town of 2756:In June 2015, fighters of al-Nusra massacred 20 2728:United Nations Disengagement Observer Force Zone 2371:(FSA). Abu Haidar, a Syrian FSA co-ordinator in 1872:Variant flag of the al-Nusra Front, used 2012–16 1621:including Hezbollah and others". In early 2014, 1050:, al-Nusra Front also sought the unification of 837:Inter-rebel conflict during the Syrian Civil War 16239:Organizations designated as terrorist by Russia 16214:Organizations designated as terrorist by Turkey 13611:Syrian Liberation Front–Tahrir al-Sham conflict 13522:Turkish military operation in Idlib Governorate 12105:International reactions to the Syrian civil war 11418: 11416: 11365: 10927: 8473:"UN soldiers seized by rebels in Golan Heights" 7570:"Syrian official: 27 killed in Aleppo bombings" 7397:. Associated Press. 4 July 2012. Archived from 6926: 6924: 6696: 6502: 6500: 6450:Roggio, Bill; Weiss, Caleb (29 December 2015). 6282:"Al-Qaeda leader in Syria speaks to Al Jazeera" 6190: 5277:"Zawahiri disbands main Qaeda faction in Syria" 4648:"New Syrian jihadist body formed to fight ISIS" 4347:"Syria: ISIS tightens grip, Nusra takes losses" 3060:was made by Jabhat Fatah al-Sham alongside the 2791:Relations with other Syrian rebels in 2015–2016 2709: 2390: 1663:Cease any activity linked to attacking the West 16199:Organizations designated as terrorist by Syria 16169:Organisations designated as terrorist by Japan 12022:Syrian Desert campaign (December 2017–present) 11113:"Militant group claims killing of 13 in Syria" 10740: 10662: 10417: 10062: 9620: 9478:The Nusra Front: Al Qaeda's Affiliate in Syria 9311: 9309: 8137:"Qaeda chief annuls Syrian-Iraqi jihad merger" 8089:"Iraqi al-Qaeda chief rejects Zawahiri orders" 7670: 7547:"ABC News:Dozens killed in Aleppo bomb blasts" 7523:. El-balad.com. 3 October 2012. Archived from 7299:"Militant group claims killing of 13 in Syria" 7134:. Al Arabiya. 29 February 2012. Archived from 6425: 5702: 5700: 5528: 4843:"Key Updates on Iraq's Sunni Insurgent Groups" 4615: 4478:"Al Nusra Front claims Lebanon suicide attack" 2480:exploded at the eastern corner of the central 2203: 2029:, the organisation operated in an underground 1922:al-Golani), which implies that he is from the 1745: 16184:Organizations designated as terrorist by Iraq 16164:Organisations designated as terrorist by Iran 15428: 11917: 10869: 10867: 9439: 8832: 7369:"Seven killed in attack on Syrian TV station" 6666: 6558: 6531: 5757: 5236: 5176: 5174: 5172: 5170: 4677:"Rebels launch full-on assault of Idlib city" 4327:. Thomson Reuters Foundation. 28 January 2017 4284: 1552: 12764:Battle of Tell Hamis and Tell Brak (Dec–Jan) 12161:2023 attacks on U.S. bases in Iraq and Syria 12048:Humanitarian aid during the Syrian civil war 11723: 11638: 11413: 10786: 10330: 10130: 9614:"جيش إدلب الحر (@free_idleb_army) – Twitter" 9284: 8214:"Syria: al-Nusra Front declares war on ISIS" 7883:Al Nusra Front: Syria's Top Islamist Militia 7846:Barnard, Anne; Saad, Hwaida (9 March 2014). 7753:"Syria 'secures chemical weapons stockpile'" 7618:"Syria, most rebels agree to four-day truce" 7155: 7153: 6921: 6497: 5524: 5522: 5520: 5518: 4810: 4808: 4498: 4116:List of armed groups in the Syrian Civil War 3250:On 1 January 2017, a US drone strike killed 1089:and ordered the dissolution of newly-formed 16234:Turkish involvement in the Syrian civil war 16003:North Korea and weapons of mass destruction 15304:Second Northern Syria Demilitarization Deal 12544:Al-Hasakah Governorate campaign (2012–2013) 12110:Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war 11496: 11461: 11289: 10874:McDonnell, Patrick J. (13 September 2013). 10420:"The shadowy flow of US weapons into Syria" 9628:"Syria rebels capture key Idlib army bases" 9540:OGN – Tahreer Sham: Who won in this merger? 9344:. ARA News. 3 November 2016. Archived from 9306: 8981:"Jund al Aqsa leaders join Al Nusrah Front" 8973: 7951:AL-QAIDA LINKED GROUP DOUBLES SIZE IN SYRIA 7845: 7445:. Al Jazeera. 4 August 2012. Archived from 7159: 7124: 6956: 6449: 5697: 5137: 5135: 5133: 5131: 5129: 5127: 5125: 5123: 5121: 5119: 5070:. ARA News. 2 November 2014. Archived from 4701: 4262: 3227:(For a more detailed, interactive map, see 2678:. On 16 April 2014, ISIL killed al-Nusra's 2579: 1062:"; viewing it as a long-term threat to its 16124:Anti-American sentiment in the Middle East 15435: 15421: 15299:First Northern Syria Demilitarization Deal 14248:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region 13447:East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict (Apr–May) 13208:East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict (Apr–May) 11924: 11910: 11594: 11442: 11227: 10864: 10839: 10621: 9064:"Syria war: Who are Jabhat Fateh al-Sham?" 8498:"UN soldiers escape siege by Syria rebels" 8371:. Al-Monitor. 18 July 2014. Archived from 8240:"Al-Nusra chief killed by rivals in Syria" 7568:Albert Aji; Zeina Karam (3 October 2012). 7413: 7179: 6679: 6544:"Qaeda in Syria denies plan to break away" 6274: 5602: 5323: 5321: 5220:. U.S. Department of State. Archived from 5167: 4427:"Syria's Qaeda leader killed in explosion" 4372:Abdallah Suleiman Ali (12 February 2014). 3328:Formation of Tahrir al-Sham (January 2017) 2967:On 9 March 2015, in a statement issued on 2650:Open fights between Nusra–ISIL (2013–2015) 2355:Relations with other Syrian rebels in 2012 2316:In November 2012, they were considered by 2131: 1902:The leader of al-Nusra, a self-proclaimed 1559: 1545: 755:Islamic State and Islamic State affiliates 15179:International demonstrations and protests 13285:September Urum al-Kubra aid convoy attack 12581:Rif Dimashq offensive (Nov 2012–Feb 2013) 11391: 11375:. Nationalsecurity.gov.au. Archived from 11092: 10873: 10150: 10105: 9976:Pantucci, Raffaello (14 February 2017). 9005:. The Long War Journal. 22 February 2016. 7995: 7993: 7497:. Reuters. 4 October 2012. Archived from 7271: 7150: 7105: 6327: 6235:Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi (6 October 2015). 5894:"The Al Nusrah Front's 'inherited jihad'" 5823: 5821: 5819: 5817: 5815: 5515: 5248:"Al-Qaeda Upgrades Its Presence in Syria" 4805: 4650:. Al Monitor. 28 May 2014. Archived from 2622:, and had been funding their activities. 2562:in June 2013, he was actually shot dead. 1032:Formed in 2012, in November of that year 540: 15800:Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present) 15325:Universal jurisdiction trials in Germany 14409:Supreme Council of the Syrian Revolution 11880:Al Nusrah Front | FDD's Long War Journal 11095:"U.S. Envoy Sees Grim Outcome for Syria" 10594: 10569:"Qatar's Emir: We don't fund terrorists" 9975: 9823:. Foundation for Defense of Democracies. 9814: 9773:. Foundation for Defense of Democracies. 9504:Syria war: Who are Jabhat Fateh al-Sham? 8574:"Duterte: Shoot Undof chief in the head" 7274:"U.S. Envoy Sees Grim Outcome for Syria" 7067:. Agence France-Presse. 14 December 2012 6831:. Agence France-Presse. 11 February 2012 6801: 6477:. Foundation for Defense of Democracies. 6458:. Foundation for Defense of Democracies. 6403:. Anti-Defamation League. Archived from 6391: 6389: 6370:. Anti-Defamation League. Archived from 6215: 6209: 6033: 6014: 5995: 5952: 5946: 5929: 5910: 5891: 5872: 5853: 5668: 5473: 5442: 5411: 5380: 5378: 5376: 5180: 5116: 4244: 4242: 4240: 3478: 3138: 3018: 2794: 2736: 2658:suspected role in the killing of senior 2602:On 8 April 2013, the leader of the then 2456: 2358: 1607:'s government in Syria and to create an 1085:rejected the forced merger attempted by 822:Quneitra Governorate clashes (2012–2014) 570: 371: 15508:Operation Enduring Freedom participants 12389:Rif Dimashq clashes (Nov 2011-Mar 2012) 12156:US intervention in the Syrian civil war 11885:Sanafi al Nasr | FDD's Long War Journal 11770:"The list of terrorists and extremists" 11518: 10957:. Global Security Newswire. 5 July 2013 10759: 10599:. Stopterrorfinance.org. Archived from 10544:Tsurkov, Elizabeth (25 January 2018). 10543: 10440: 9445: 8462:. 5 September 2014. 5 September 2014. 8183: 8051: 7725: 6731: 6569: 6506: 6303: 6301: 6299: 6125: 5788: 5318: 5293: 4913: 4591:"Jabhat al-Nusra, A Strategic Briefing" 3665:Designation as a terrorist organisation 3525:by veteran jihadists who belong to the 3474: 3296:On 21 January 2017, five factions from 3097:Abu Omar Saraqeb), among several other 2690:, leaving hundreds dead on both sides. 2136:In early 2015, there were reports that 1490:Jihadist extremism in the United States 525: 387: 16101: 13793:Northwestern offensive (Dec 19–Mar 20) 13071:Northwestern Syria offensive (Oct–Nov) 11724:KUDRYAVTSEVA, Tatyana (5 April 2017). 11568: 11528:. Publicsafety.gc.ca. 20 November 2014 11399:"UN blacklists Syria's al-Nusra Front" 10829:. Stanford University. 14 August 2017. 10566: 10151:Al-Tamimi, Aymenn (21 January 2017). 10106:Al-Tamimi, Aymenn (21 January 2017). 9914:Long War Journal (14 February 2017). 9547:from the original on 17 November 2021. 9392: 9015: 8863: 8801: 8770: 7990: 6983:. Agence France-Presse. 18 August 2012 6705: 6358: 6356: 6173: 6034:Joscelyn, Thomas (13 September 2015). 5953:Joscelyn, Thomas (29 September 2015). 5827: 5812: 5637:. al-akhbar. July 2014. Archived from 5384: 5143:"Jabhat al-Nusra A Strategic Briefing" 4841:Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi (11 May 2014). 4525: 3229:Template:Syrian Civil War detailed map 3088:, killing a number of their fighters. 2248:central command authorized the Syrian 928:Russian military intervention in Syria 555: 16037:Targeted Killing in International Law 15918:Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse 15416: 15294:Idlib demilitarization (2018–present) 15064: 14794: 14220: 14081:April 2014 Jordanian border airstrike 13901:Tahrir al-Sham–Junud al-Sham conflict 13641:Southern Damascus offensive (Apr–May) 13606:Southern Damascus offensive (Jan–Feb) 13517:Northwestern campaign (Oct 17–Feb 18) 13507:Deir ez-Zor offensive (Sep 17–Mar 18) 12222: 11943: 11905: 10840:Paraszczuk, Joanna (2 October 2014). 10701: 10441:Karouny, Mariam (22 September 2015). 10037: 10006: 9944: 9864: 9833: 9783: 9764: 9733: 9696: 9569: 9458:from the original on 28 February 2017 9223:from the original on 12 January 2022. 8003:. MEMRI. 8 April 2013. Archived from 7825:"Suicide bombers kill 14 in Damascus" 6849: 6732:Karouny, Mariam (26 September 2014). 6468: 6386: 5455:from the original on 16 February 2017 5443:Joscelyn, Thomas (10 February 2017). 5436: 5373: 4671: 4669: 4596:. Quilliam Foundation. Archived from 4237: 4126:List of terrorist attacks in Damascus 3417: 3348:At least one Arab government accused 3270:On 19 January 2017, US airstrikes by 3101:commanders in the countryside of the 2753:and other neighbouring Governorates. 2558:was beheaded by Nusra at a church in 1013:. Its aim was to overthrow president 910:Syrian Civil War spillover in Lebanon 16083: 14419:Syrian Revolution General Commission 14159:January 2014 Turkish attack in Syria 12938:Second Battle of the Shaer gas field 12141:Turkish occupation of northern Syria 11931: 11606: 10624:"The Smart and Right Thing in Syria" 8066:from the original on 12 January 2022 7041:from the original on 12 January 2022 6680:Nashashibi, Sharif (7 August 2016). 6296: 6015:Joscelyn, Thomas (2 November 2015). 5930:JOSCELYN, THOMAS (9 February 2015). 5873:Joscelyn, Thomas (26 October 2015). 5854:Joscelyn, Thomas (25 October 2015). 5685:from the original on 12 January 2022 5412:Joscelyn, Thomas (28 January 2017). 5020:"Jabhat al-Nusra, IS clash in Daraa" 4532:. Columbia University. p. 154. 4458:. Brookings Institution. 31 May 2015 4121:List of terrorist incidents in Syria 3262:saw Turkistani's participation. The 2913:militias and the Russian air force. 2848:On 17 February 2016, nearly half of 2294:agreed to that in 2012. The British 999:Front for the Conquest of the Levant 766:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant 15376:Syrian civil war in popular culture 15269:UN Security Council Resolution 2118 13198:Northern Aleppo offensive (Mar–Jun) 12888:Northern Aleppo offensive (Feb–Jul) 12871:First Battle of the Shaer gas field 11483: 10667:– via www.washingtonpost.com. 10274:"Gulf allies and 'Army of Conquest" 9901:Syrian Observatory for Human Rights 9815:Joscelyn, Thomas (5 January 2017). 7726:Karouny, Mariam (5 November 2012). 6648: 6353: 6126:Chivers, C. J. (5 September 2013). 4183: 4148: 3343: 2741:Military situation in December 2015 2684:Syrian Observatory for Human Rights 2485:Officers' club was ruined as well. 2465:after the attacks on 3 October 2012 2452:Syrian Observatory for Human Rights 2303: 2125: 2117: 2065: 1972:Founder and Emir of al-Nusra Front 1580: 1391:Insurgency in the Maghreb and Sahel 1316:Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine 13: 15279:2015 Zabadani cease-fire agreement 14470:Authenticity and Development Front 14144:2012 Turkish F-4 Phantom shootdown 14139:December 2011 Turkish border clash 13930:Ahrar al-Sham–Levant Front clashes 13387:Southwestern Daraa offensive (Feb) 13300:Western al-Bab offensive (Oct–Nov) 13158:Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (Feb–Mar) 12426:December Jabal al-Zawiya massacres 12197:Russian-Turkish agreement on Syria 12151:Russian-Turkish agreement on Syria 12038:Casualties of the Syrian civil war 11868: 11643:. Voice of America. Archived from 11349:. 17 December 2016. Archived from 11237:. 13 December 2013. Archived from 11211:. 12 December 2013. Archived from 10702:Blair, David (20 September 2014). 10567:Krever, Mick (25 September 2014). 10038:Weiss, Caleb (16 February 2017). 10007:Weiss, Caleb (12 February 2017). 9945:Weiss, Caleb (14 February 2017). 9865:Weiss, Caleb (12 February 2017). 9834:Weiss, Caleb (12 February 2017). 9784:Weiss, Caleb (12 February 2017). 9734:Weiss, Caleb (12 February 2017). 9268:. 26 November 2015. Archived from 8864:Moussa, Jenan (1 December 2015). 8833:الجزيرة مباشر (1 December 2015). 8802:Moussa, Jenan (1 December 2015). 8771:Moussa, Jenan (1 December 2015). 7671:Matthew Weaver (2 November 2012). 6706:Wright, Robin (12 December 2016). 5669:Sherlock, Ruth (2 December 2012). 5603:al-Khatieb, Mohammed (July 2014). 5552:"New enemies across Syrian border" 5245: 5022:. 16 December 2014. Archived from 4996:. CNN. 15 May 2015. Archived from 4901:"Syria Update: January 6-12, 2015" 4666: 3239:, alongside other factions in the 3044:in northern Syria. She escaped to 2763:In October 2015, al-Nusra offered 2402:Free Ones of the Levant Battalions 1780:Analysts at the American magazine 1507:Foreign fighters in Syria and Iraq 1431:Moro insurgency in the Philippines 923:American-led intervention in Syria 918:Military intervention against ISIL 14: 16250: 15968:Enhanced interrogation techniques 15764:Georgia Sustainment and Stability 15652:al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula 15442: 14169:Russian Air Force Al-Bab incident 14110:Iranian embassy bombing in Beirut 14063:April 2014 Iraqi border airstrike 13631:Northern Homs offensive (Apr–May) 13616:Southern Damascus offensive (Mar) 13357:Wadi Barada offensive (2016–2017) 13223:May Jableh & Tartous bombings 13173:February Sayyidah Zaynab bombings 13138:Second Battle of Al-Shaykh Maskin 13091:East Aleppo offensive (2015–2016) 12478:Idlib Governorate operation (Apr) 12146:Second Northern Syria Buffer Zone 11890: 9765:Weiss, Caleb (14 February 2017). 9480:, The Wilson Centre, 17 June 2016 9184:. 13 October 2015. Archived from 8692:from the original on 13 June 2015 7648:. 1 November 2012. Archived from 6905:. 3 November 2012. Archived from 6174:Hardan, Mohammed (16 June 2022). 5996:Joscelyn, Thomas (29 June 2015). 5911:Joscelyn, Thomas (20 July 2015). 5708:"Profile: Syria's al-Nusra Front" 5502:United States Department of State 5474:Joscelyn, Thomas (4 March 2018). 5385:Lister, Charles (February 2018). 4964:"::. صفحه مورد نظر یافت نشد ..::" 4789:. 9 February 2016. Archived from 3634:massacred 42 civilians and seven 3431:Consortium Against Terror Finance 3243:. It also held some areas in the 2612:Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham 2338:United States Department of State 2286:'s Islamist network fighting the 2089:In September 2015 Nusra absorbed 1707:, was first issued in July 2015. 147:23 January 2012 – 28 January 2017 16082: 16073: 16072: 15943:Combatant Status Review Tribunal 15892:President's Surveillance Program 15887:Military Commissions Act of 2009 15882:Military Commissions Act of 2006 15835:Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 15810:Moro conflict in the Philippines 15805:Insurgency in the North Caucasus 15397: 15396: 15113:2017 Northern regional elections 14745:Turkistan Islamic Party in Syria 14356:Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition 14221: 13871:Siege of Qamishli and Al-Hasakah 13768:Turkish offensive into northeast 13748:Northwestern offensive (Apr–Aug) 13636:Eastern Qalamoun offensive (Apr) 13305:Khan al-Shih offensive (Oct–Nov) 13148:January Sayyidah Zaynab bombings 12416:Shayrat and Tiyas airbase ambush 12297:2010s in Syria political history 12043:Refugees of the Syrian civil war 11834: 11816: 11798: 11780: 11762: 11736: 11717: 11699: 11681: 11659: 11632: 11540: 11506:. Fox News Channel. 19 July 2013 11490:List of Proscribed organisations 11335: 11309: 11283: 11253: 11175: 11149: 11131: 11105: 11086: 11034: 10993: 10969: 10947: 10921: 10893: 10833: 10819: 10803: 10780: 10753: 10734: 10716: 10695: 10656: 10615: 10560: 10537: 10511: 10493: 10475: 10453: 10434: 10418:Lisa Lundquist (27 April 2014). 10411: 10389: 10363: 10349: 10345:from the original on 6 May 2022. 10324: 10304: 10286: 10266: 10248: 10222: 10175: 10144: 10099: 10079: 10031: 10000: 9969: 9938: 9907: 9889: 9858: 9827: 9808: 9777: 9758: 9727: 9709: 9690: 9672: 9646: 9606: 9587: 9551: 9527: 9509: 9496: 9483: 9470: 9421: 9386: 9360: 9334: 9252: 9227: 9170: 9144: 9125: 9107: 9056: 9028: 8995: 8917: 8857: 8826: 8795: 8764: 8744: 8726: 8704: 8672: 8646: 8618: 8593: 8566: 8544: 8516: 8490: 8465: 8449: 8417: 8387: 8361: 8335: 8314: 8284: 8258: 8232: 8206: 8177: 8151: 8129: 8103: 8052:Spencer, Richard (19 May 2013). 8045: 8019: 7960: 7943: 7927: 7888: 7876: 7858: 7839: 7817: 7789: 7767: 7745: 7719: 7691: 7664: 7632: 7610: 7584: 7561: 7539: 7513: 7487: 7461: 7435: 7387: 7361: 7343: 7317: 7291: 7265: 7235: 7209: 7160:Bill Roggio (26 February 2012). 7079: 7053: 7021: 6995: 6973: 6950: 6843: 6821: 6802:Abouzeid, Rania (23 June 2014). 6756: 6546:. Yahoo! News. AFP. 9 March 2015 6507:Karouny, Mariam (4 March 2015). 5892:Joscelyn, Thomas (5 June 2015). 4526:Hudson, Valerie (30 June 2015). 4263:Caleb Weiss (14 February 2017). 4160:Jabhat al-Nuṣrah li-Ahl ish-Sham 4100: 4074: 4055: 4036: 4019: 4000: 3981: 3962: 3943: 3924: 3906: 3888: 3870: 3852: 3834: 3814: 3796: 3778: 3760: 3742: 3723: 3705: 3687: 3459:According to a 2021 articles by 2921:On 29 July 2016 Al-Nusra leader 2495:Aleppo city: the Hanano barracks 2473:were claimed by Al-Nusra. Three 1877: 1865: 1853: 1841: 1829: 1817: 1528: 1478:Islamic terrorism in the Balkans 1426:Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 1091:Islamic State of Iraq and Levant 977: 966: 907:Idlib Governorate clashes (2017) 902:Northern Aleppo offensive (2016) 775: 760: 742: 710: 690: 679: 667: 655: 638: 627: 611: 586: 572: 557: 542: 527: 499: 484: 472: 447: 435: 423: 411: 389: 373: 347: 333: 321: 253: 238: 55: 41: 15759:Georgia Train and Equip Program 15309:Syrian Constitutional Committee 14655:International Freedom Battalion 14253:Syrian Social Nationalist Party 13651:Deir ez-Zor offensive (May–Jun) 13601:Rif Dimashq offensive (Feb–Apr) 13547:Battle of Deir ez-Zor (Sep–Nov) 13402:East Aleppo offensive (Jan–Apr) 13377:Deir ez-Zor offensive (Jan–Feb) 13367:Desert campaign (Dec 16–Apr 17) 13233:Rif Dimashq offensive (Jun–Oct) 13213:Rif Dimashq offensive (Apr–May) 13153:Northern Aleppo offensive (Feb) 13021:Battle of Nasib Border Crossing 12903:Rif Dimashq offensive (Aug–Nov) 12749:Rif Dimashq offensive (Sep–Nov) 12680:Rif Dimashq offensive (Mar–Aug) 12549:Rif Dimashq offensive (Aug-Oct) 12384:Deir ez-Zor clashes (2011–2014) 12359:June Jisr ash-Shughur operation 11093:Gladstone, Rick (30 May 2012). 10928:Burch, Jonathon (30 May 2013). 9697:Orton, Kyle (20 January 2017). 8242:. 16 April 2014. Archived from 8159:"Factbox: Syria's rebel groups" 7885:, Wilson Centre, 9 January 2017 7395:"Jihadists claim Syria attacks" 7272:Gladstone, Rick (30 May 2012). 7193:. 21 March 2012. Archived from 6725: 6620: 6481: 6462: 6443: 6426:Robert Patrick (9 April 2017). 6309:"Who's who in the Nusra Front?" 6247: 6167: 6145: 6119: 6101: 6085:. 15 March 2017. Archived from 6071: 6046: 6027: 6008: 5989: 5965: 5923: 5904: 5885: 5866: 5847: 5828:Lister, Charles (31 May 2015). 5782: 5751: 5627: 5596: 5570: 5544: 5529:Charles Lister (24 July 2016). 5490: 5467: 5405: 5351: 5294:Hubbard, Ben (1 October 2015). 5287: 5210: 5100:. 29 March 2015. Archived from 5086: 5060: 5038: 5012: 4986: 4956: 4938: 4914:Mortada, Radwan (19 May 2014). 4907: 4893: 4875: 4857: 4834: 4779: 4749: 4723: 4695: 4640: 4583: 4553: 4492: 4470: 4173: 4138: 3730:United Nations Security Council 2749:in the cities it controlled in 1643:In early 2015, al-Qaeda leader 1421:Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir 1416:East Turkestan Islamic Movement 938:Designated as a terrorist group 15948:Criticism of the war on terror 15902:Terrorist Surveillance Program 15707:Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan 15460:War in Afghanistan (2001-2021) 14164:Assassination of Andrei Karlov 14034:May 2018 Israel–Iran incidents 13733:ISIL insurgency in Deir-ez-Zor 13477:Southern Raqqa offensive (Jun) 13280:September Deir ez-Zor air raid 13270:Western al-Bab offensive (Sep) 13228:Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (Jun) 13218:Northern Raqqa offensive (May) 13106:Russian Sukhoi Su-24 shootdown 11074:(in Turkish). 16 December 2015 10741:Andrew Norfolk (4 June 2021). 10403:. 21 June 2013. Archived from 9603:Al Masdar News, 5 October 2016 9393:Butler, Desmond (7 May 2015). 7974:. 9 April 2013. Archived from 7755:. Al Jazeera. 23 December 2012 6469:Weiss, Caleb (30 April 2015). 6284:. Al Jazeera. 19 December 2013 6159:. 15 June 2015. Archived from 5758:Hassan Hassan (4 March 2014). 5401:on 4 May 2022 – via CTC. 5365:. 28 July 2016. Archived from 5335:. 28 July 2016. Archived from 5246:R., Green (25 November 2013). 4702:Nawaf Obaid (15 August 2018). 4679:. Syria Direct. Archived from 4567:. 28 June 2013. Archived from 4396: 4365: 4339: 4317: 4256: 4211: 3623:On 10 June 2015, the al-Nusra 3072:attacked a JFS outpost in the 2569:in Syria during the conflict. 2288:2003 American invasion in Iraq 2099:2015 Jisr al-Shughur offensive 1485:Islamism in the United Kingdom 1451:Arab mujahideen in Afghanistan 1292:Notable jihadist organisations 1075:foreign terrorist organization 1005:organization fighting against 877:2015 Jisr al-Shughur offensive 1: 15983:Guantanamo Bay detention camp 15626:Mahmoud Mohamed Ahmed Bahaziq 15108:2017 Northern local elections 15098:2015 Northern local elections 14460:National Front for Liberation 14397:Local Coordination Committees 13945:Northern Aleppo clashes (Oct) 13783:Israeli missile strikes (Nov) 13427:Khan Shaykhun chemical attack 12724:Khan al-Assal chemical attack 12520:18 July 2012 Damascus bombing 12334:Death of Hamza Ali Al-Khateeb 12119:Specific groups and countries 11944: 10138:"Al Maqalaat Pubs on Twitter" 9446:Schmitt, Eric (15 May 2016). 9154:. vocativ.com. Archived from 8929:The Christian Science Monitor 8298:. 3 July 2014. Archived from 7091:The Christian Science Monitor 6957:Bill Roggio (4 August 2012). 6570:Dettmer, Jamie (4 May 2015). 4480:. Al Jazeera. 11 January 2015 4204: 3579: 3283:Nour al-Din al-Zenki Movement 3056:and imprisoned. The mid-2016 2958:Jaish al-Muhajireen wal-Ansar 2886:Russian air raids (2015–2016) 2425:10 May 2012 Damascus bombings 2397:January 2012 al-Midan bombing 2178:United States Central Command 1897: 887:Qalamoun offensive (May 2015) 882:Battle of Yarmouk Camp (2015) 867:Siege of al-Fu'ah and Kafriya 16114:2011 establishments in Syria 15958:Killing of Ayman al-Zawahiri 15850:al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen 15371:2015 European migrant crisis 14645:Patriotic Union of Kurdistan 13537:Euphrates Crossing offensive 13031:Western al-Hasakah offensive 12991:Eastern al-Hasakah offensive 12859:Qalamoun offensive (Jun–Aug) 12615:Quneitra Governorate clashes 12354:Siege of Rastan and Talbiseh 12282:Syrian occupation of Lebanon 12223: 12031:Effects and ongoing concerns 11639:Dorian Jones (4 June 2014). 10814:International Business Times 10331:Kim Sengupta (12 May 2015). 9521:International Business Times 9372:International Business Times 8738:International Business Times 7913:Center for American Progress 7802:International Business Times 7037:. London. 10 December 2012. 5789:Hubbard, Ben (9 June 2015). 4565:Australian National Security 4252:. Reuters. 9 September 2016. 3645:During the last days of the 2710:Attacks by Nusra (2014–2015) 2471:October 2012 Aleppo bombings 2418:March 2012 Damascus bombings 2391:Attacks by Nusra (2012–2013) 2020: 1892: 1411:Al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen 214:(November 2014 – March 2015) 62:Flag of Jabhat Fatah al-Sham 7: 16149:Islam-related controversies 16139:Anti-ISIL factions in Syria 16026:State Sponsors of Terrorism 15897:Protect America Act of 2007 15259:U.S.–Russia peace proposals 15214:Syrian government reactions 15204:Status of the Golan Heights 15199:Sectarianism and minorities 15123:2020 parliamentary election 15103:2016 parliamentary election 15088:2012 parliamentary election 15065: 15023:Mohamad Anas Haitham Soueid 14923:Ali Sadreddine Al-Bayanouni 14770:Ansar al-Islam in Kurdistan 14629:Northern Democratic Brigade 14485:Muslim Brotherhood in Syria 14480:Revolutionary Commando Army 14361:Popular Mobilization Forces 14149:2012 Turkish border clashes 13738:Dêrik prison escape attempt 13143:Deir ez-Zor offensive (Jan) 13096:2015–2016 Latakia offensive 13066:Rif Dimashq offensive (Sep) 13061:Palmyra offensive (Jul–Aug) 12948:Deir ez-Zor offensive (Dec) 12933:Second Inter-Rebel Conflict 12709:Bayda and Baniyas massacres 12017:Sectarianism and minorities 11992:Syrian government reactions 11669:. En.alalam.ir. 2 July 2014 11290:Leith Fadel (12 May 2016). 9022:المرصد السورى لحقوق الإنسان 9016:khaled (25 February 2016). 7934:Competition among Islamists 5531:"Profiling Jabhat al-Nusra" 4194: 4159: 4093: 3538:attacks on Alawite villages 3209:Revolutionary Commando Army 3181:Syrian Salvation Government 2646:al-Qaeda's global network. 2219:Al-Jazeera on 28 May 2015. 2204:Al-Qaeda and Khorasan group 1809:Flags of the al-Nusra Front 1746:Allegations of sectarianism 1712:November 2015 Paris attacks 1598: 1591: 1473:Islamic terrorism in Europe 1331:Ansar al-Islam in Kurdistan 1321:Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad 817:Siege of Nubl and Al-Zahraa 749:Harakat Hezbollah al-Nujaba 606:Certain Syrian rebel groups 463:Ashida'a Mujahideen Brigade 225:(March 2015 – January 2017) 222:, Idlib Governorate, Syria 10: 16255: 16154:Islamic terrorism in Syria 15963:Killing of Osama bin Laden 15840:War in Somalia (2006–2009) 15795:Operation Active Endeavour 15254:Lakhdar Brahimi peace plan 15128:2021 presidential election 15093:2014 presidential election 14795: 14339:medical facility targeting 14195:Deir ez-Zor missile strike 14154:2013 Reyhanlı car bombings 14073:Jordanian border incidents 13718:Idlib inter-rebel conflict 13656:As-Suwayda offensive (Jun) 13532:Eastern campaign (Sep–Dec) 13320:Aleppo offensive (Nov-Dec) 13290:Aleppo offensive (Sep–Oct) 13260:Operation Euphrates Shield 13188:Battle of Maarrat al-Numan 13076:Aleppo offensive (Oct–Dec) 13001:Battle of Sarrin (Jun–Jul) 12996:Battle of Sarrin (Mar–Apr) 12943:Battle of Al-Shaykh Maskin 12792:First Inter-rebel conflict 12754:Aleppo offensive (Oct–Dec) 12663:Raqqa campaign (2012–2013) 12566:Battle of Maarrat al-Numan 9294:. al Jazeera. 29 July 2016 9089:Russian News Agency "TASS" 8091:. Al Jazeera. 15 June 2013 7620:. Afr.com. 25 October 2012 7423:. dc4mf.org. 5 August 2012 6216:yalibnan (19 March 2015). 4429:. ARA News. Archived from 3583: 3529:, a collection of veteran 3272:Boeing B-52 Stratofortress 3213:United States Armed Forces 2818:from March until May 2015 2498:Raqqah: the Suluq barracks 2482:Saadallah Al-Jabiri Square 2463:Saadallah Al-Jabiri Square 2222: 2207: 2062:(religious commissioner). 1495:Foreign fighters in Bosnia 1386:Insurgency in Cabo Delgado 812:Battle of Aleppo (2012–16) 668: 656: 64:(July 2016 – January 2017) 50:(January 2012 – July 2016) 16068: 15910: 15862: 15830:Terrorism in Saudi Arabia 15787: 15779:Drone strikes in Pakistan 15735: 15728: 15672:Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami 15639: 15578: 15571: 15495: 15488: 15450: 15392: 15333: 15317: 15222: 15136: 15075: 15071: 15060: 14801: 14790: 14729: 14716:Group of the One and Only 14696:Military activity of ISIL 14686: 14677: 14637: 14589:People's Protection Units 14579: 14571:Smaller political parties 14551: 14542:Autonomous Administration 14540: 14498: 14442: 14382: 14373: 14307: 14299:Palestine Liberation Army 14271: 14238: 14231: 14227: 14216: 14187: 14128: 14089: 14071: 14042: 14013: 14002: 13963: 13909: 13855: 13832:Idlib Governorate clashes 13806: 13758:Hass refugee camp bombing 13694: 13646:Deir ez-Zor clashes (Apr) 13567: 13482:Jobar offensive (Jun–Aug) 13457:Maskanah Plains offensive 13452:Desert campaign (May–Jul) 13382:Daraa offensive (Feb–Jun) 13333: 13114: 12956: 12854:Second siege of Wadi Deif 12849:Kafr Zita chemical attack 12814:Daraa offensive (Feb–May) 12772: 12685:Battle of Jdaidet al-Fadl 12628: 12434: 12421:Idlib Governorate clashes 12406:Daraa Governorate clashes 12374:Jabal al-Zawiya operation 12305: 12235: 12231: 12218: 12189: 12118: 12097: 12061: 12030: 11954: 11950: 11939: 11401:. Al Jazeera. 31 May 2013 10987:20 September 2013 at the 10762:Perspectives on Terrorism 10359:. Anti-Defamation League. 9493:, Reuters, 10 August 2016 8139:. Al Jazeera. 9 June 2013 6708:"After the Islamic State" 5739:. Al Jazeera. 4 June 2015 3164:Syrian Interim Government 3058:rebel offensive in Aleppo 3024:Idlib Governorate clashes 2826:April–June 2015 offensive 2508:group of Chechen fighters 2381:Syrian National Coalition 2290:; Iraqi Foreign Minister 2232:Upon the outbreak of the 2227: 1441:South Thailand insurgency 1272:International propagation 1132:accusing HTS of adopting 949: 936: 892:Battle of Zabadani (2015) 795: 786:Islamic Muthanna Movement 737:Kata'ib Sayyid al-Shuhada 633:Palestine Liberation Army 516: 362: 316: 308: 269: 233: 172: 159: 151: 141: 73: 35: 29: 28: 23: 16050:Unitary executive theory 14706:Khalid ibn al-Walid Army 14650:Kurdistan Workers' Party 14594:Women's Protection Units 14566:Kurdish National Council 14015:Israel and Golan Heights 13886:Battle of Qamishli (Apr) 13728:Battle of Baghuz Fawqani 13487:Quneitra offensive (Jun) 13442:April Turkish airstrikes 13417:Hama offensive (Mar–Apr) 13250:Southern Aleppo campaign 13193:Battle of Qamishli (Apr) 13086:Homs offensive (Nov-Dec) 13056:Quneitra offensive (Jun) 12986:Southern Syria Offensive 12620:Talbiseh bakery massacre 12571:First siege of Wadi Deif 12561:Battle of Khirbet Al-Joz 12458:January al-Midan bombing 12190:Agreements and dialogues 12171:Syrian Democratic Forces 10646:"The Case Against Qatar" 10092:US Department of Defense 9581:US Department of Defense 7777:. Ynet. 18 February 2013 4131: 2580:Dispute with ISIL (2013) 2504:al-Fajr Islamic Movement 2107: 1802: 650:Syrian Democratic Forces 340:Mujahideen Shura Council 203:(February–November 2014) 135:(top military commander) 118:(top military commander) 108:Abu Hajer al-Homsi 15978:Extraordinary rendition 15973:Extrajudicial prisoners 15184:International reactions 15169:Human rights violations 14660:Sinjar Resistance Units 14619:Syriac Military Council 14609:Army of Revolutionaries 14544:of North and East Syria 14404:Syrian National Council 14258:Arab Socialist Movement 14179:Operation Spring Shield 14120:Qalamoun (Jul–Aug 2017) 14100:Lebanese border clashes 13994:Northern border clashes 13955:Northwest clashes (Dec) 13935:Jabal al-Bishrī clashes 13837:Kafr-Takharim airstrike 13686:Northern border clashes 13407:March Damascus bombings 13372:Idlib clashes (Jan–Mar) 13325:Palmyra offensive (Dec) 13203:Palmyra offensive (Mar) 13036:Palmyra offensive (May) 12881:Battle of Tabqa Airbase 12876:Eastern Syria offensive 12759:Battle of al-Yaarubiyah 7898:GlobalPost 4 March 2013 7117:19 October 2017 at the 3287:Turkistan Islamic Party 3062:Turkistan Islamic Party 3054:military exclusion zone 2934:SITE Intelligence Group 2903:Syrian Turkmen Brigades 2784:Army of Revolutionaries 2777:Sayyed Hassan Nasrallah 2695:Deir ez-Zor Governorate 2688:Deir ez-Zor Governorate 2672:Abu Qatada al-Falastini 2668:Abu Muhammad al-Maqdisi 2420:were claimed by Nusra. 2258:Sednaya military prison 2238:Islamic State of Iraq's 2132:Relations with al-Qaeda 2091:Katibat Imam al Bukhari 2076:Hasan Abu Omar Ghannoum 2031:clandestine cell system 1912:also transliterated as 1147: 1097:groups to form a joint 771:Yarmouk Martyrs Brigade 696:Army of Revolutionaries 442:Turkistan Islamic Party 183:Deir ez-Zor Governorate 48:Flag of Jabhat al-Nusra 16224:Salafi Jihadist groups 16129:Anti-Israeli sentiment 16119:Al-Qaeda allied groups 16013:Operation Eagle Assist 15933:Clash of Civilizations 15480:Symbolism of terrorism 15361:Syrian detainee report 15247:UN supervision mission 15237:Friends of Syria Group 15159:Damaged heritage sites 14561:Democratic Union Party 14513:Jordanian intervention 14434:Syrian Patriotic Group 14263:Syrian Communist Party 14174:2020 Balyun airstrikes 14029:February 2018 incident 13676:Qamishli clashes (Sep) 13591:Operation Olive Branch 13432:Shayrat missile strike 13265:Aleppo summer campaign 13255:Battle of al-Rai (Aug) 13168:February Homs bombings 13026:Battle of Yarmouk Camp 13016:Second Battle of Idlib 12729:Khan al-Assal massacre 12692:Ghouta chemical attack 12074:Early insurgency phase 11449:'Liste unique de gels' 10208:FDD's Long War Journal 9599:24 August 2017 at the 9321:FDD's Long War Journal 8983:. The Long War Journal 6433:St Louis Post-Dispatch 6241:Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi 4869:www.longwarjournal.org 4149:جبهة النصرة لأهل الشام 3603:2013 Latakia offensive 3512:TOW anti-tank missiles 3484: 3307:Suqour al-Sham Brigade 3252:Abu Omar al-Turkistani 3232: 3134:Mountain Hawks Brigade 3126:Mountain Hawks Brigade 3038: 3027: 2923:Abu Mohammad al-Julani 2895:Abu Mohammad al-Julani 2800: 2782:In December 2015, two 2742: 2616:Abu Mohammad al-Julani 2466: 2364: 2345:terrorist organization 2250:Abu Mohammad al-Golani 2155:Abu Mohammad al-Julani 1961:Abu Mohammad al-Julani 1942:with a Syrian accent. 1908:Abu Mohammad al-Julani 1906:, goes by the name of 1244:Islamic fundamentalism 1170:Practices and concepts 1071:US Department of State 915:Battle of Arsal (2014) 872:Battle of Bosra (2015) 861:Second Battle of Idlib 832:2013 Latakia offensive 299:Islamic fundamentalism 166:al-Nusra member groups 123:Abu Omar al-Turkistani 86:Abu Abdullah al-Shami 78:Abu Mohammad al-Julani 30:جبهة النصرة لأهل الشام 16219:Qutbist organisations 16008:Operation Noble Eagle 15845:2007 Lebanon conflict 15366:Syrian media coverage 15242:Kofi Annan peace plan 14665:Êzîdxan Women's Units 14614:SDF military councils 14344:military intervention 14317:Hezbollah involvement 14272:Military and militias 14115:North Lebanon clashes 13876:Missile strikes (Jan) 13763:Missile strikes (Aug) 13681:Missile strikes (Sep) 13626:Missile strikes (Apr) 13621:Douma chemical attack 13472:Daraa offensive (Jun) 13163:Al-Shaddadi offensive 13101:Tishrin Dam offensive 12981:Daraa Offensive (Jan) 12976:Air Force An-26 crash 12918:Daraa offensive (Oct) 12802:Deir ez-Zor offensive 12668:Battle of Raqqa (Mar) 12468:First Battle of Idlib 12292:Human rights in Syria 12166:Kurdish Area in Syria 11982:Background and causes 11548:"Government document" 11002:, 12 September 2013, 10980:, 12 September 2013, 8899:"Why Assad is losing" 7872:. London. 8 May 2013. 6804:"The Jihad Next Door" 6113:Amnesty International 5985:on 25 September 2015. 3877:United Arab Emirates 3647:17th Aleppo offensive 3482: 3334:Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham 3142: 3033: 3026:in January–March 2017 3022: 2932:On 12 February 2015, 2822:March–April offensive 2798: 2740: 2604:Islamic State of Iraq 2460: 2362: 2153:. The group's leader 1719:Amnesty International 1381:Boko Haram insurgency 1341:Islamic State of Iraq 1144:on 27 February 2018. 957:Islamic State of Iraq 211:, Idlib Governorate, 15825:Operation Linda Nchi 15769:OEF – Horn of Africa 15682:Islamic Courts Union 15631:Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi 15455:September 11 attacks 15274:Geneva II conference 15232:Arab League monitors 15209:Spillover in Lebanon 15118:2018 local elections 15083:2011 local elections 14863:Fahd Jassem al-Freij 14624:Liwa Thuwar al-Raqqa 14450:Syrian National Army 14424:Syrian Support Group 13950:Operation Claw-Sword 13925:Battle of al-Hasakah 13671:As-Suwayda (Aug-Nov) 13512:Hama offensive (Sep) 13362:January Azaz bombing 13275:5 September bombings 13046:Tell Abyad offensive 12844:Battle of Al-Malihah 12744:Battle of Tell Abyad 12739:Battle of Ras al-Ayn 12490:May Battle of Rastan 12287:Damascus Declaration 12131:Russian intervention 12089:Syrian peace process 12079:2012–2013 escalation 12062:Phases and processes 12002:Inter-rebel conflict 11987:Syrian peace process 11750:on 30 September 2020 11379:on 21 September 2014 10652:. 30 September 2014. 10422:. Longwarjournal.org 9401:. AP. Archived from 9239:The Long War Journal 8031:Agence France-Presse 7972:Agence France-Presse 7357:on 29 November 2012. 7166:The Long War Journal 6961:. Longwarjournal.org 6633:The Long War Journal 5942:on 16 February 2015. 5184:(30 November 2012). 5048:. AFP. 28 April 2015 4571:on 21 September 2014 4529:The Hillary Doctrine 4195:Jabhat Fatḥ ash-Shām 3475:Weaponry and tactics 3366:United Arab Emirates 3245:Quneitra Governorate 3220: Controlled by 3207: Controlled by 3193: Controlled by 3179: Controlled by 3172:Turkish Armed Forces 3151:Syrian Arab Republic 3149: Controlled by 3086:Lebanon–Syria border 2833:On 24 January 2016, 2608:Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi 2284:Abu Musab al-Zarqawi 2262:Abu Maria Al-Qahtani 2242:Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi 2095:al-Fu'ah and Kafriya 2084:Abdullah Ramo Pazara 2072:Sinh Vinh Ngo Nguyen 2001:Abu Maria Al-Qahtani 1795:, asserted that the 1693:11 September attacks 1466:Jihadism in the West 1361:Hayat Tahrir al-Sham 1126:Hayat Tahrir al-Sham 1107:Jabhat Fatah al-Sham 1087:Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi 1073:designated it as a " 857:2015 Idlib offensive 847:2014 Idlib offensive 15164:Foreign involvement 15043:Abdurrahman Mustafa 14998:Yassin al-Haj Saleh 14963:Abdul Halim Khaddam 14475:Army of Free Tribes 14443:Opposition militias 14334:Russian involvement 14322:Iranian involvement 14279:Syrian Armed Forces 14058:Operation al-Shabah 14024:March 2017 incident 13743:Tell Rifaat clashes 13559:Beit Jinn offensive 13552:Abu Kamal offensive 13492:Idlib clashes (Jul) 13462:East Hama offensive 13183:Battle of Tel Abyad 12923:Al-Safira offensive 12913:Homs school bombing 12702:Battle of al-Qusayr 12697:Al-Qusayr offensive 12500:Battle of al-Haffah 12473:Battle of al-Qusayr 12349:May Talkalakh siege 12257:Corrective Movement 12136:Turkish involvement 12126:Russian involvement 11810:Middle East Monitor 11454:4 July 2017 at the 11428:Hürriyet Daily News 11353:on 21 December 2016 11215:on 30 December 2015 11185:. 15 September 2013 11163:. 12 September 2013 11161:The Huffington Post 11000:Hurriyet Daily News 10730:. 8 September 2014. 10709:The Daily Telegraph 10691:. 29 December 2015. 10376:The Washington Post 9703:The Syrian Intifada 9565:. 1 September 2016. 9537:(29 January 2017). 9523:. 1 September 2016. 9348:on 15 December 2017 9272:on 31 December 2015 9219:. 13 October 2015. 9217:The Daily Telegraph 8658:The Washington Post 8349:on 13 November 2014 8193:The Washington Post 8187:(3 February 2014). 7949:Ariel Ben Solomon, 7652:on 28 November 2012 7527:on 29 November 2014 7373:Mail & Guardian 6903:The Huffington Post 6874:The Times of Israel 6519:on 15 December 2015 6407:on 13 November 2013 6260:The Times of Israel 5936:the weekly Standard 5678:The Daily Telegraph 5486:on 1 February 2022. 5397:(2). Archived from 5283:on 9 November 2013. 5191:The Washington Post 4889:. 13 December 2012. 4509:European Parliament 4384:on 22 February 2014 3627:in Idlib province. 3424:Christiane Amanpour 3264:Islamic Jihad Union 3107:Ahmad Salama Mabruk 2996:The Huffington Post 2907:Latakia Governorate 2333:The Washington Post 2319:The Huffington Post 2297:The Daily Telegraph 2280:Quilliam Foundation 2171:Ahmad Salama Mabruk 1932:Nineveh Governorate 1512:Homegrown terrorism 1155:Part of a series on 1035:The Washington Post 897:2015 Hama Offensive 827:Operation al-Shabah 600:Non-state opponents 234:Active regions 94:Ahmad Salama Mabruk 16055:Unlawful combatant 15988:Iranian Revolution 15774:OEF – Trans Sahara 15749:War in Afghanistan 15606:Jalaluddin Haqqani 15601:Sirajuddin Haqqani 15527:Iraqi Armed Forces 14983:Ali Mahmoud Othman 14429:Adopt a Revolution 14392:National Coalition 14384:Interim government 13984:Damascus airstrike 13891:US airstrike (Jun) 13881:US airstrike (Feb) 13847:Deir ez-Zor ambush 13788:Qah missile strike 13666:As-Suwayda attacks 13661:Southern offensive 13502:Qalamoun (Jul–Aug) 13412:Al-Jinah airstrike 13178:Khanasir offensive 12898:Quneitra offensive 12658:Damascus offensive 12653:Battle of Shadadeh 12515:Battle of Damascus 12505:Al-Qubeir massacre 12483:Battle of Taftanaz 12394:Battle of Zabadani 11852:on 26 January 2021 11647:on 14 October 2015 11145:. 11 October 2013. 11143:Human Rights Watch 11099:The New York Times 11048:. 29 December 2015 10816:. 3 November 2014. 10787:Deborah E. Bloom. 10728:The New York Times 10626:. Hoover Institute 10189:. 22 January 2017. 10095:. 20 January 2017. 10075:. 22 January 2017. 9660:. 9 September 2015 9634:. 15 December 2014 9632:Al Jazeera English 9535:Bilal Abdul-Kareem 9452:The New York Times 9374:. 12 February 2015 9188:on 19 October 2015 9158:on 17 October 2015 8961:on 30 January 2016 8760:. 13 October 2015. 8740:. 13 October 2015. 8634:. 28 November 2014 8554:. 4 September 2014 8437:. 4 September 2014 8405:on 19 October 2017 8375:on 19 October 2017 8302:on 3 February 2016 8220:on 28 January 2015 7852:The New York Times 7572:. Associated Press 7501:on 3 February 2016 7401:on 8 November 2013 7331:on 31 October 2012 7278:The New York Times 7093:. 12 December 2012 7009:. 14 December 2012 6938:. 10 December 2012 6936:The New York Times 6909:on 5 November 2012 6374:on 18 October 2013 6315:. 15 December 2014 6132:The New York Times 5795:The New York Times 5615:on 19 October 2017 5424:on 28 January 2017 5369:on 14 August 2022. 5300:The New York Times 5254:on 1 February 2017 5224:on 4 February 2017 5074:on 2 November 2014 5026:on 26 January 2015 4887:مراقبون - فرانس 24 4845:. Brown Moses Blog 4305:. 25 December 2012 3642:in Southern Hama. 3607:Human Rights Watch 3516:Syrian Rebel Front 3507:into their ranks. 3501:Human Rights Watch 3485: 3418:Qatari involvement 3311:Jabhat Ahl al-Sham 3277:struck the former 3233: 3103:Aleppo Governorate 3074:Qalamoun Mountains 3028: 2801: 2743: 2639:Aleppo Governorate 2467: 2365: 2167:Abu Khayr al-Masri 1757:The New York Times 1695:and the Islamists 1681:The Heirs of Glory 1500:Bosnian mujahideen 1446:Taliban insurgency 1374:Jihadism in Africa 1138:Abu Humam al-Shami 1069:In December 2012, 467:Ansar al-Din Front 143:Dates of operation 16096: 16095: 15993:Islamic terrorism 15858: 15857: 15754:OEF – Philippines 15724: 15723: 15720: 15719: 15677:Hizbul Mujahideen 15518:Northern Alliance 15410: 15409: 15388: 15387: 15384: 15383: 15341:Exclusive mandate 15318:War crimes trials 15289:2016 Geneva talks 15056: 15055: 15048:Fadlallah al-Haji 15003:Bouthaina Shaaban 14786: 14785: 14782: 14781: 14778: 14777: 14673: 14672: 14604:Al-Sanadid Forces 14599:Anti-Terror Units 14536: 14535: 14369: 14368: 14284:Syrian Resistance 14240:Politics of Syria 14212: 14211: 14208: 14207: 14204: 14203: 13979:Al-Sukhnah attack 13940:Jarqli airstrikes 13822:COVID-19 pandemic 13778:November bombings 13596:Battle of Khasham 13542:Mayadin offensive 13527:Battle of Harasta 13397:Palmyra offensive 13081:Al-Hawl offensive 13041:Qamishli bombings 12839:Latakia Offensive 12797:Battle of Markada 12610:Battle of Darayya 12586:Battle of Darayya 12510:Battle of Tremseh 12329:Syrian Revolution 12262:Islamist uprising 12214: 12213: 12210: 12209: 12069:Syrian revolution 12012:Cities and towns 11812:. 7 January 2016. 11794:. 6 October 2016. 11792:Los Angeles Times 11582:on 11 August 2014 11241:on 6 October 2014 10880:Los Angeles Times 10846:Chechens in Syria 10603:on 9 October 2017 10401:Los Angeles Times 10320:. 7 October 2014. 10210:. 28 January 2017 9903:. 3 January 2017. 9723:. 4 January 2017. 9686:. 2 January 2017. 9583:. 3 October 2016. 9476:By Cameron Glenn 9141:. 2 October 2015. 9121:. 1 October 2015. 8660:. 1 November 2014 8631:Los Angeles Times 8007:on 6 October 2014 7707:. 5 November 2012 7598:. 20 October 2012 6876:. 25 October 2012 5978:The Straits Times 5306:on 4 October 2015 4920:al-Akhbar English 4761:www.xinhuanet.com 4737:. 30 October 2017 4561:"Jabhat al-Nusra" 4192: 4169: 4157: 4091: 4090: 3916:29 December 2014 3715:10 December 2012 3438:Peter Theo Curtis 3429:According to the 3412:Elizabeth Tsurkov 3401:New Syrian Forces 3275:strategic bombers 3237:Idlib Governorate 3222:the Islamic State 3076:near the city of 2939:On 4 March 2015, 2874:According to the 2829: 2816:Idlib Governorate 2751:Idlib Governorate 2676:Suleiman al-Alwan 2519:Taftanaz Air Base 2182:Sharif Nashashibi 2163:Ayman al-Zawahiri 2080:Bosnian-Americans 2018: 2017: 1737:. They have also 1731:summary execution 1645:Ayman al-Zawahiri 1631:Abu Musab al-Suri 1589: 1569: 1568: 1304:Pakistani Taliban 1219:Islamic terrorism 1114:Ayman al-Zawahiri 1083:Ayman al-Zawahiri 1056:Syrian opposition 1040:Syrian Revolution 1017:and establish an 1007:Syrian government 992: 991: 962:Succeeded by 727:Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq 722:Kata'ib Hezbollah 622: 510: 495: 400:(alleged, denied) 302: 294:Salafist jihadism 265: 250: 227: 216: 205: 198:Idlib Governorate 190: 137: 120: 106: 91: 84: 16246: 16086: 16085: 16076: 16075: 16031:Targeted killing 15820:Iraqi insurgency 15740:Enduring Freedom 15733: 15732: 15692:Jemaah Islamiyah 15687:Jaish-e-Mohammed 15576: 15575: 15493: 15492: 15437: 15430: 15423: 15414: 15413: 15400: 15399: 15174:Humanitarian aid 15154:Chemical weapons 15149:Cities and towns 15073: 15072: 15062: 15061: 15018:Fadwa Souleimane 15008:Abdulbaset Sieda 14988:Ibrahim Qashoush 14978:Ali Habib Mahmud 14888:Hamza al-Khateeb 14883:Kamal al-Labwani 14873:Haitham al-Maleh 14868:Suheil al-Hassan 14806:Ammar Abdulhamid 14792: 14791: 14765:Malhama Tactical 14750:Caucasus Emirate 14684: 14683: 14549: 14548: 14455:Free Syrian Army 14380: 14379: 14236: 14235: 14229: 14228: 14218: 14217: 14011: 14010: 13968: 13914: 13860: 13842:Ayn Issa clashes 13811: 13699: 13572: 13497:Central campaign 13392:Qaboun offensive 13338: 13315:Battle of al-Bab 13238:Manbij offensive 13119: 12961: 12824:Al-Otaiba ambush 12777: 12648:Battle of Safira 12633: 12603:Halfaya massacre 12554:Darayya massacre 12537:Siege of Base 46 12532:Battle of Anadan 12527:Battle of Aleppo 12463:Battle of Rastan 12439: 12411:Battle of Rastan 12379:Siege of Latakia 12344:Siege of Baniyas 12310: 12267:Latakia protests 12233: 12232: 12220: 12219: 11972:Syrian civil war 11952: 11951: 11941: 11940: 11933:Syrian civil war 11926: 11919: 11912: 11903: 11902: 11862: 11861: 11859: 11857: 11848:. Archived from 11838: 11832: 11831: 11820: 11814: 11813: 11802: 11796: 11795: 11784: 11778: 11777: 11766: 11760: 11759: 11757: 11755: 11746:. Archived from 11740: 11734: 11733: 11721: 11715: 11714: 11703: 11697: 11696: 11685: 11679: 11678: 11676: 11674: 11663: 11657: 11656: 11654: 11652: 11636: 11630: 11629: 11627: 11625: 11610: 11604: 11598: 11592: 11591: 11589: 11587: 11572: 11566: 11565: 11563: 11561: 11552: 11544: 11538: 11537: 11535: 11533: 11522: 11516: 11515: 11513: 11511: 11500: 11494: 11487: 11481: 11480: 11478: 11476: 11465: 11459: 11446: 11440: 11439: 11437: 11435: 11420: 11411: 11410: 11408: 11406: 11395: 11389: 11388: 11386: 11384: 11369: 11363: 11362: 11360: 11358: 11339: 11333: 11332: 11330: 11328: 11313: 11307: 11306: 11304: 11302: 11287: 11281: 11280: 11278: 11276: 11267:. Archived from 11257: 11251: 11250: 11248: 11246: 11231: 11225: 11224: 11222: 11220: 11201: 11195: 11194: 11192: 11190: 11179: 11173: 11172: 11170: 11168: 11153: 11147: 11146: 11135: 11129: 11128: 11126: 11124: 11109: 11103: 11102: 11090: 11084: 11083: 11081: 11079: 11064: 11058: 11057: 11055: 11053: 11038: 11032: 11031: 11029: 11027: 11012: 11006: 10997: 10991: 10973: 10967: 10966: 10964: 10962: 10951: 10945: 10944: 10942: 10940: 10925: 10919: 10918: 10916: 10914: 10897: 10891: 10890: 10888: 10886: 10871: 10862: 10861: 10859: 10857: 10848:. Archived from 10837: 10831: 10830: 10823: 10817: 10807: 10801: 10800: 10798: 10796: 10784: 10778: 10777: 10757: 10751: 10750: 10738: 10732: 10731: 10720: 10714: 10713: 10699: 10693: 10692: 10688:The Fiscal Times 10680: 10669: 10668: 10660: 10654: 10653: 10642: 10636: 10635: 10633: 10631: 10622:Kimberly Kagan. 10619: 10613: 10612: 10610: 10608: 10592: 10581: 10580: 10578: 10576: 10564: 10558: 10557: 10541: 10535: 10534: 10532: 10530: 10515: 10509: 10508: 10497: 10491: 10490: 10489:. 15 March 2015. 10479: 10473: 10472: 10470: 10468: 10457: 10451: 10450: 10438: 10432: 10431: 10429: 10427: 10415: 10409: 10408: 10407:on 23 June 2013. 10393: 10387: 10386: 10384: 10382: 10367: 10361: 10360: 10353: 10347: 10346: 10336: 10328: 10322: 10321: 10308: 10302: 10301: 10290: 10284: 10283: 10270: 10264: 10252: 10246: 10245: 10243: 10241: 10226: 10220: 10219: 10217: 10215: 10200: 10191: 10190: 10179: 10173: 10172: 10166: 10164: 10148: 10142: 10141: 10134: 10128: 10127: 10121: 10119: 10103: 10097: 10096: 10083: 10077: 10076: 10069: 10060: 10059: 10053: 10051: 10035: 10029: 10028: 10022: 10020: 10004: 9998: 9997: 9991: 9989: 9973: 9967: 9966: 9960: 9958: 9942: 9936: 9935: 9929: 9927: 9911: 9905: 9904: 9893: 9887: 9886: 9880: 9878: 9862: 9856: 9855: 9849: 9847: 9831: 9825: 9824: 9821:Long War Journal 9812: 9806: 9805: 9799: 9797: 9781: 9775: 9774: 9771:Long War Journal 9762: 9756: 9755: 9749: 9747: 9731: 9725: 9724: 9713: 9707: 9706: 9694: 9688: 9687: 9676: 9670: 9669: 9667: 9665: 9650: 9644: 9643: 9641: 9639: 9624: 9618: 9617: 9610: 9604: 9591: 9585: 9584: 9573: 9567: 9566: 9555: 9549: 9548: 9531: 9525: 9524: 9513: 9507: 9500: 9494: 9487: 9481: 9474: 9468: 9467: 9465: 9463: 9443: 9437: 9436: 9425: 9419: 9418: 9412: 9410: 9390: 9384: 9383: 9381: 9379: 9364: 9358: 9357: 9355: 9353: 9338: 9332: 9331: 9329: 9327: 9313: 9304: 9303: 9301: 9299: 9288: 9282: 9281: 9279: 9277: 9256: 9250: 9249: 9247: 9245: 9231: 9225: 9224: 9214: 9207: 9198: 9197: 9195: 9193: 9174: 9168: 9167: 9165: 9163: 9148: 9142: 9129: 9123: 9122: 9111: 9105: 9104: 9102: 9100: 9091:. Archived from 9081: 9072: 9071: 9070:. 1 August 2016. 9060: 9054: 9053: 9051: 9049: 9032: 9026: 9025: 9013: 9007: 9006: 8999: 8993: 8992: 8990: 8988: 8977: 8971: 8970: 8968: 8966: 8957:. Archived from 8947: 8941: 8940: 8938: 8936: 8921: 8915: 8914: 8912: 8910: 8895: 8886: 8885: 8879: 8877: 8861: 8855: 8854: 8848: 8846: 8830: 8824: 8823: 8817: 8815: 8799: 8793: 8792: 8786: 8784: 8768: 8762: 8761: 8748: 8742: 8741: 8730: 8724: 8723: 8721: 8719: 8708: 8702: 8701: 8699: 8697: 8683: 8676: 8670: 8669: 8667: 8665: 8650: 8644: 8643: 8641: 8639: 8622: 8616: 8615: 8613: 8611: 8597: 8591: 8590: 8588: 8586: 8570: 8564: 8563: 8561: 8559: 8548: 8542: 8541: 8539: 8537: 8532:. 30 August 2014 8520: 8514: 8513: 8511: 8509: 8504:. 31 August 2014 8494: 8488: 8487: 8485: 8483: 8469: 8463: 8453: 8447: 8446: 8444: 8442: 8421: 8415: 8414: 8412: 8410: 8401:. Archived from 8391: 8385: 8384: 8382: 8380: 8365: 8359: 8358: 8356: 8354: 8345:. Archived from 8339: 8333: 8332: 8330: 8328: 8318: 8312: 8311: 8309: 8307: 8288: 8282: 8281: 8279: 8277: 8262: 8256: 8255: 8253: 8251: 8236: 8230: 8229: 8227: 8225: 8210: 8204: 8203: 8201: 8199: 8181: 8175: 8174: 8172: 8170: 8165:. 9 January 2014 8155: 8149: 8148: 8146: 8144: 8133: 8127: 8126: 8124: 8122: 8107: 8101: 8100: 8098: 8096: 8085: 8076: 8075: 8073: 8071: 8057: 8049: 8043: 8042: 8040: 8038: 8023: 8017: 8016: 8014: 8012: 7997: 7988: 7987: 7985: 7983: 7964: 7958: 7947: 7941: 7931: 7925: 7924: 7922: 7920: 7905: 7899: 7892: 7886: 7880: 7874: 7873: 7862: 7856: 7855: 7843: 7837: 7836: 7834: 7832: 7821: 7815: 7814: 7812: 7810: 7793: 7787: 7786: 7784: 7782: 7771: 7765: 7764: 7762: 7760: 7749: 7743: 7742: 7740: 7738: 7723: 7717: 7716: 7714: 7712: 7695: 7689: 7688: 7686: 7684: 7668: 7662: 7661: 7659: 7657: 7645:The Jordan Times 7636: 7630: 7629: 7627: 7625: 7614: 7608: 7607: 7605: 7603: 7588: 7582: 7581: 7579: 7577: 7565: 7559: 7558: 7556: 7554: 7543: 7537: 7536: 7534: 7532: 7517: 7511: 7510: 7508: 7506: 7491: 7485: 7484: 7482: 7480: 7475:. 4 October 2012 7465: 7459: 7458: 7456: 7454: 7439: 7433: 7432: 7430: 7428: 7417: 7411: 7410: 7408: 7406: 7391: 7385: 7384: 7382: 7380: 7365: 7359: 7358: 7353:. Archived from 7347: 7341: 7340: 7338: 7336: 7327:. Archived from 7321: 7315: 7314: 7312: 7310: 7295: 7289: 7288: 7286: 7284: 7269: 7263: 7262: 7260: 7258: 7239: 7233: 7232: 7230: 7228: 7213: 7207: 7206: 7204: 7202: 7197:on 23 March 2012 7183: 7177: 7176: 7174: 7172: 7157: 7148: 7147: 7145: 7143: 7138:on 30 March 2012 7128: 7122: 7109: 7103: 7102: 7100: 7098: 7083: 7077: 7076: 7074: 7072: 7057: 7051: 7050: 7048: 7046: 7032: 7025: 7019: 7018: 7016: 7014: 6999: 6993: 6992: 6990: 6988: 6977: 6971: 6970: 6968: 6966: 6954: 6948: 6947: 6945: 6943: 6928: 6919: 6918: 6916: 6914: 6895: 6886: 6885: 6883: 6881: 6866: 6855: 6854: 6847: 6841: 6840: 6838: 6836: 6825: 6819: 6818: 6816: 6814: 6799: 6780: 6779: 6777: 6775: 6760: 6754: 6753: 6751: 6749: 6740:. Archived from 6729: 6723: 6722: 6720: 6718: 6703: 6694: 6693: 6691: 6689: 6677: 6664: 6663: 6652: 6646: 6645: 6643: 6641: 6624: 6618: 6617: 6615: 6613: 6607:Business Insider 6599: 6590: 6589: 6584: 6582: 6567: 6556: 6555: 6553: 6551: 6540: 6529: 6528: 6526: 6524: 6515:. Archived from 6504: 6495: 6485: 6479: 6478: 6475:Long War Journal 6466: 6460: 6459: 6456:Long War Journal 6447: 6441: 6440: 6423: 6417: 6416: 6414: 6412: 6393: 6384: 6383: 6381: 6379: 6360: 6351: 6350: 6348: 6346: 6341:on 11 April 2017 6331: 6325: 6324: 6322: 6320: 6305: 6294: 6293: 6291: 6289: 6278: 6272: 6271: 6269: 6267: 6251: 6245: 6244: 6232: 6226: 6225: 6213: 6207: 6206: 6194: 6188: 6187: 6186:on 16 June 2022. 6182:. Archived from 6171: 6165: 6164: 6163:on 17 June 2015. 6149: 6143: 6142: 6140: 6138: 6123: 6117: 6116: 6105: 6099: 6098: 6096: 6094: 6089:on 17 March 2017 6075: 6069: 6068: 6066: 6064: 6050: 6044: 6043: 6040:Long War Journal 6031: 6025: 6024: 6021:Long War Journal 6012: 6006: 6005: 6002:Long War Journal 5993: 5987: 5986: 5969: 5963: 5962: 5959:Long War Journal 5950: 5944: 5943: 5938:. Archived from 5927: 5921: 5920: 5917:Long War Journal 5908: 5902: 5901: 5898:Long War Journal 5889: 5883: 5882: 5879:Business Insider 5870: 5864: 5863: 5860:Long War Journal 5851: 5845: 5844: 5842: 5840: 5825: 5810: 5809: 5803: 5801: 5786: 5780: 5779: 5777: 5775: 5766:. Archived from 5755: 5749: 5748: 5746: 5744: 5733: 5724: 5723: 5721: 5719: 5704: 5695: 5694: 5692: 5690: 5674: 5666: 5651: 5650: 5648: 5646: 5631: 5625: 5624: 5622: 5620: 5611:. Archived from 5600: 5594: 5593: 5591: 5589: 5574: 5568: 5567: 5565: 5563: 5548: 5542: 5541: 5535: 5526: 5513: 5512: 5510: 5508: 5494: 5488: 5487: 5482:. Archived from 5480:Long War Journal 5471: 5465: 5464: 5462: 5460: 5449:Long War Journal 5440: 5434: 5433: 5431: 5429: 5420:. Archived from 5418:Long War Journal 5409: 5403: 5402: 5382: 5371: 5370: 5355: 5349: 5348: 5346: 5344: 5325: 5316: 5315: 5313: 5311: 5302:. Archived from 5291: 5285: 5284: 5273: 5264: 5263: 5261: 5259: 5243: 5234: 5233: 5231: 5229: 5214: 5208: 5207: 5205: 5203: 5194:. Archived from 5178: 5165: 5164: 5162: 5160: 5154: 5147: 5139: 5114: 5113: 5111: 5109: 5104:on 31 March 2015 5090: 5084: 5083: 5081: 5079: 5064: 5058: 5057: 5055: 5053: 5042: 5036: 5035: 5033: 5031: 5016: 5010: 5009: 5007: 5005: 4990: 4984: 4983: 4981: 4979: 4970:. Archived from 4968:www.alalamtv.net 4960: 4954: 4953: 4950:web.stanford.edu 4942: 4936: 4935: 4933: 4931: 4922:. Archived from 4911: 4905: 4904: 4897: 4891: 4890: 4879: 4873: 4872: 4871:. 30 March 2013. 4861: 4855: 4854: 4852: 4850: 4838: 4832: 4831: 4829: 4827: 4820:Long War Journal 4812: 4803: 4802: 4800: 4798: 4783: 4777: 4776: 4774: 4772: 4763:. Archived from 4753: 4747: 4746: 4744: 4742: 4727: 4721: 4720: 4718: 4716: 4699: 4693: 4692: 4690: 4688: 4673: 4664: 4663: 4661: 4659: 4644: 4638: 4637: 4635: 4633: 4626:"Al-Nusra Front" 4622: 4613: 4612: 4610: 4608: 4603:on 28 March 2015 4602: 4595: 4587: 4581: 4580: 4578: 4576: 4557: 4551: 4550: 4548: 4546: 4523: 4514: 4513: 4505: 4496: 4490: 4489: 4487: 4485: 4474: 4468: 4467: 4465: 4463: 4452: 4443: 4442: 4440: 4438: 4423: 4417: 4416: 4414: 4412: 4400: 4394: 4393: 4391: 4389: 4380:. Archived from 4369: 4363: 4362: 4360: 4358: 4343: 4337: 4336: 4334: 4332: 4321: 4315: 4314: 4312: 4310: 4293: 4282: 4281: 4279: 4277: 4270:Long War Journal 4260: 4254: 4253: 4246: 4235: 4234: 4232: 4230: 4215: 4198: 4197: 4187: 4185: 4177: 4171: 4164: 4162: 4152: 4150: 4142: 4110: 4105: 4104: 4080: 4078: 4077: 4061: 4059: 4058: 4042: 4040: 4039: 4025: 4023: 4022: 4006: 4004: 4003: 3987: 3985: 3984: 3968: 3966: 3965: 3949: 3947: 3946: 3930: 3928: 3927: 3912: 3910: 3909: 3894: 3892: 3891: 3876: 3874: 3873: 3858: 3856: 3855: 3840: 3838: 3837: 3820: 3818: 3817: 3806:7 November 2013 3802: 3800: 3799: 3784: 3782: 3781: 3766: 3764: 3763: 3748: 3746: 3745: 3728: 3727: 3711: 3709: 3708: 3693: 3691: 3690: 3672: 3671: 3446:The Fiscal Times 3386:foreign fighters 3379:Army of Conquest 3344:External support 3260:Tora Bora battle 3241:Army of Conquest 3219: 3206: 3192: 3178: 3157: 3148: 3099:Army of Conquest 3068:. On 31 August, 2960:and other small 2880:Free Syrian Army 2819: 2809:Free Syrian Army 2620:Syrian Civil War 2369:Free Syrian Army 2349:Al Qaeda in Iraq 2347:and an alias of 2324:Free Syrian Army 2304:Strength in 2012 2234:Syrian Civil War 2127: 2119: 2074:, also known as 2066:Foreign fighters 2055:Majlis-ash-Shura 1945: 1944: 1940:classical Arabic 1881: 1869: 1857: 1845: 1833: 1821: 1703:. Its magazine, 1594: 1584: 1582: 1561: 1554: 1547: 1535:Islam portal 1533: 1532: 1531: 1436:Sinai insurgency 1404:Jihadism in Asia 1152: 1151: 1103:Army of Conquest 1066:goals in Syria. 1044:Free Syrian Army 1011:Syrian Civil War 997:, also known as 982: 981: 980: 971: 970: 969: 953:Preceded by 842:Al-Otaiba ambush 804:Syrian Civil War 796:Battles and wars 779: 764: 747: 746: 745: 732:Al-Abbas brigade 715: 714: 713: 694: 684: 683: 682: 672: 671: 670: 660: 659: 658: 643: 642: 631: 620: 618:Free Syrian Army 616: 615: 592: 590: 589: 582: 578: 576: 575: 567: 563: 561: 560: 552: 548: 546: 545: 537: 533: 531: 530: 508: 504: 503: 502: 493: 491:Free Syrian Army 489: 488: 487: 477: 476: 475: 459:Malhama Tactical 452: 451: 450: 440: 439: 438: 430:Caucasus Emirate 428: 427: 426: 416: 415: 414: 405:Non-state allies 399: 395: 393: 392: 383: 379: 377: 376: 358: 354:Army of Conquest 352: 351: 350: 344: 338: 337: 336: 326: 325: 324: 296: 263: 259: 257: 256: 248: 244: 242: 241: 226: 223: 215: 212: 204: 201: 189: 186: 144: 136: 133: 131: 119: 116: 114: 104: 102: 90: 87: 83: 80: 59: 45: 31: 21: 20: 16254: 16253: 16249: 16248: 16247: 16245: 16244: 16243: 16099: 16098: 16097: 16092: 16064: 15953:CIA black sites 15906: 15854: 15783: 15738: 15716: 15697:Lashkar-e-Taiba 15635: 15596:Anwar al-Awlaki 15591:Hamza bin Laden 15586:Osama bin Laden 15567: 15484: 15446: 15441: 15411: 15406: 15380: 15329: 15313: 15218: 15132: 15067: 15052: 15033:Razan Zaitouneh 14938:Burhan Ghalioun 14913:Ammar al-Qurabi 14821:al-Assad family 14811:Ali al-Abdallah 14797: 14774: 14760:Junud al-Makhdi 14755:Ajnad al-Kavkaz 14725: 14669: 14633: 14575: 14553:DFNS Government 14543: 14532: 14508:US intervention 14500:Foreign support 14494: 14438: 14365: 14327:Liwa Fatemiyoun 14309:Foreign support 14303: 14294:al-Quds Brigade 14267: 14223: 14200: 14183: 14124: 14105:Battle of Sidon 14085: 14067: 14038: 13998: 13969: 13964: 13959: 13915: 13910: 13905: 13861: 13856: 13851: 13812: 13807: 13802: 13708: 13704: 13700: 13695: 13690: 13581: 13577: 13573: 13568: 13563: 13467:Battle of Raqqa 13422:Battle of Tabqa 13347: 13343: 13339: 13334: 13329: 13295:Dabiq offensive 13243:Tokhar massacre 13128: 13124: 13120: 13115: 13110: 13051:Kobanî massacre 13011:Idlib Offensive 13006:Battle of Bosra 12966: 12962: 12957: 12952: 12908:Siege of Kobanî 12864:Battle of Arsal 12829:Idlib offensive 12809:Battle of Morek 12782: 12778: 12773: 12768: 12675:Daraa offensive 12638: 12634: 12629: 12624: 12576:Battle of Harem 12448: 12444: 12440: 12435: 12430: 12399:Battle of Douma 12319: 12315: 12311: 12306: 12301: 12272:Damascus Spring 12227: 12206: 12185: 12181:U.S. task force 12176:Rojava conflict 12114: 12093: 12057: 12026: 11946: 11935: 11930: 11893: 11871: 11869:Further reading 11866: 11865: 11855: 11853: 11840: 11839: 11835: 11830:. 24 June 2019. 11822: 11821: 11817: 11804: 11803: 11799: 11786: 11785: 11781: 11768: 11767: 11763: 11753: 11751: 11742: 11741: 11737: 11722: 11718: 11711:www.mofa.gov.bh 11705: 11704: 11700: 11687: 11686: 11682: 11672: 11670: 11665: 11664: 11660: 11650: 11648: 11637: 11633: 11623: 11621: 11612: 11611: 11607: 11599: 11595: 11585: 11583: 11574: 11573: 11569: 11559: 11557: 11550: 11546: 11545: 11541: 11531: 11529: 11524: 11523: 11519: 11509: 11507: 11502: 11501: 11497: 11488: 11484: 11474: 11472: 11467: 11466: 11462: 11456:Wayback Machine 11447: 11443: 11433: 11431: 11422: 11421: 11414: 11404: 11402: 11397: 11396: 11392: 11382: 11380: 11371: 11370: 11366: 11356: 11354: 11341: 11340: 11336: 11326: 11324: 11315: 11314: 11310: 11300: 11298: 11288: 11284: 11274: 11272: 11271:on 14 June 2015 11259: 11258: 11254: 11244: 11242: 11233: 11232: 11228: 11218: 11216: 11203: 11202: 11198: 11188: 11186: 11181: 11180: 11176: 11166: 11164: 11155: 11154: 11150: 11137: 11136: 11132: 11122: 11120: 11111: 11110: 11106: 11091: 11087: 11077: 11075: 11066: 11065: 11061: 11051: 11049: 11040: 11039: 11035: 11025: 11023: 11014: 11013: 11009: 10998: 10994: 10989:Wayback Machine 10974: 10970: 10960: 10958: 10953: 10952: 10948: 10938: 10936: 10926: 10922: 10912: 10910: 10899: 10898: 10894: 10884: 10882: 10872: 10865: 10855: 10853: 10852:on 12 June 2018 10838: 10834: 10825: 10824: 10820: 10808: 10804: 10794: 10792: 10785: 10781: 10758: 10754: 10739: 10735: 10722: 10721: 10717: 10700: 10696: 10682: 10681: 10672: 10661: 10657: 10644: 10643: 10639: 10629: 10627: 10620: 10616: 10606: 10604: 10593: 10584: 10574: 10572: 10565: 10561: 10542: 10538: 10528: 10526: 10517: 10516: 10512: 10499: 10498: 10494: 10481: 10480: 10476: 10466: 10464: 10459: 10458: 10454: 10439: 10435: 10425: 10423: 10416: 10412: 10395: 10394: 10390: 10380: 10378: 10368: 10364: 10355: 10354: 10350: 10339:The Independent 10329: 10325: 10310: 10309: 10305: 10292: 10291: 10287: 10279:Al-Ahram Weekly 10272: 10271: 10267: 10260:Financial Times 10253: 10249: 10239: 10237: 10227: 10223: 10213: 10211: 10202: 10201: 10194: 10181: 10180: 10176: 10162: 10160: 10149: 10145: 10136: 10135: 10131: 10117: 10115: 10104: 10100: 10085: 10084: 10080: 10071: 10070: 10063: 10049: 10047: 10036: 10032: 10018: 10016: 10005: 10001: 9987: 9985: 9974: 9970: 9956: 9954: 9943: 9939: 9925: 9923: 9912: 9908: 9895: 9894: 9890: 9876: 9874: 9863: 9859: 9845: 9843: 9832: 9828: 9813: 9809: 9795: 9793: 9782: 9778: 9763: 9759: 9745: 9743: 9732: 9728: 9715: 9714: 9710: 9695: 9691: 9678: 9677: 9673: 9663: 9661: 9652: 9651: 9647: 9637: 9635: 9626: 9625: 9621: 9612: 9611: 9607: 9601:Wayback Machine 9592: 9588: 9575: 9574: 9570: 9557: 9556: 9552: 9533: 9532: 9528: 9515: 9514: 9510: 9501: 9497: 9488: 9484: 9475: 9471: 9461: 9459: 9444: 9440: 9435:. 25 July 2016. 9433:Middle East Eye 9427: 9426: 9422: 9408: 9406: 9399:Huffington Post 9391: 9387: 9377: 9375: 9366: 9365: 9361: 9351: 9349: 9340: 9339: 9335: 9325: 9323: 9315: 9314: 9307: 9297: 9295: 9290: 9289: 9285: 9275: 9273: 9258: 9257: 9253: 9243: 9241: 9233: 9232: 9228: 9209: 9208: 9201: 9191: 9189: 9176: 9175: 9171: 9161: 9159: 9150: 9149: 9145: 9130: 9126: 9113: 9112: 9108: 9098: 9096: 9083: 9082: 9075: 9062: 9061: 9057: 9047: 9045: 9034: 9033: 9029: 9014: 9010: 9001: 9000: 8996: 8986: 8984: 8979: 8978: 8974: 8964: 8962: 8949: 8948: 8944: 8934: 8932: 8923: 8922: 8918: 8908: 8906: 8897: 8896: 8889: 8875: 8873: 8862: 8858: 8844: 8842: 8831: 8827: 8813: 8811: 8800: 8796: 8782: 8780: 8769: 8765: 8750: 8749: 8745: 8732: 8731: 8727: 8717: 8715: 8710: 8709: 8705: 8695: 8693: 8678: 8677: 8673: 8663: 8661: 8652: 8651: 8647: 8637: 8635: 8624: 8623: 8619: 8609: 8607: 8599: 8598: 8594: 8584: 8582: 8572: 8571: 8567: 8557: 8555: 8550: 8549: 8545: 8535: 8533: 8529:The Irish Times 8522: 8521: 8517: 8507: 8505: 8496: 8495: 8491: 8481: 8479: 8471: 8470: 8466: 8454: 8450: 8440: 8438: 8423: 8422: 8418: 8408: 8406: 8393: 8392: 8388: 8378: 8376: 8367: 8366: 8362: 8352: 8350: 8341: 8340: 8336: 8326: 8324: 8320: 8319: 8315: 8305: 8303: 8290: 8289: 8285: 8275: 8273: 8264: 8263: 8259: 8249: 8247: 8246:on 24 July 2015 8238: 8237: 8233: 8223: 8221: 8212: 8211: 8207: 8197: 8195: 8182: 8178: 8168: 8166: 8157: 8156: 8152: 8142: 8140: 8135: 8134: 8130: 8120: 8118: 8109: 8108: 8104: 8094: 8092: 8087: 8086: 8079: 8069: 8067: 8050: 8046: 8036: 8034: 8033:. 10 April 2013 8025: 8024: 8020: 8010: 8008: 7999: 7998: 7991: 7981: 7979: 7966: 7965: 7961: 7957:, 28 March 2013 7948: 7944: 7932: 7928: 7918: 7916: 7907: 7906: 7902: 7894:Tracey Shelton 7893: 7889: 7881: 7877: 7864: 7863: 7859: 7844: 7840: 7830: 7828: 7823: 7822: 7818: 7808: 7806: 7795: 7794: 7790: 7780: 7778: 7773: 7772: 7768: 7758: 7756: 7751: 7750: 7746: 7736: 7734: 7724: 7720: 7710: 7708: 7697: 7696: 7692: 7682: 7680: 7669: 7665: 7655: 7653: 7638: 7637: 7633: 7623: 7621: 7616: 7615: 7611: 7601: 7599: 7590: 7589: 7585: 7575: 7573: 7566: 7562: 7552: 7550: 7545: 7544: 7540: 7530: 7528: 7521:"Sada el-Balad" 7519: 7518: 7514: 7504: 7502: 7493: 7492: 7488: 7478: 7476: 7467: 7466: 7462: 7452: 7450: 7449:on 4 March 2016 7441: 7440: 7436: 7426: 7424: 7419: 7418: 7414: 7404: 7402: 7393: 7392: 7388: 7378: 7376: 7367: 7366: 7362: 7349: 7348: 7344: 7334: 7332: 7323: 7322: 7318: 7308: 7306: 7297: 7296: 7292: 7282: 7280: 7270: 7266: 7256: 7254: 7253:on 19 July 2012 7241: 7240: 7236: 7226: 7224: 7215: 7214: 7210: 7200: 7198: 7185: 7184: 7180: 7170: 7168: 7158: 7151: 7141: 7139: 7130: 7129: 7125: 7119:Wayback Machine 7110: 7106: 7096: 7094: 7085: 7084: 7080: 7070: 7068: 7059: 7058: 7054: 7044: 7042: 7027: 7026: 7022: 7012: 7010: 7001: 7000: 6996: 6986: 6984: 6979: 6978: 6974: 6964: 6962: 6955: 6951: 6941: 6939: 6930: 6929: 6922: 6912: 6910: 6897: 6896: 6889: 6879: 6877: 6868: 6867: 6858: 6848: 6844: 6834: 6832: 6827: 6826: 6822: 6812: 6810: 6800: 6783: 6773: 6771: 6762: 6761: 6757: 6747: 6745: 6730: 6726: 6716: 6714: 6704: 6697: 6687: 6685: 6678: 6667: 6662:. 29 July 2016. 6654: 6653: 6649: 6639: 6637: 6626: 6625: 6621: 6611: 6609: 6601: 6600: 6593: 6580: 6578: 6576:The Daily Beast 6568: 6559: 6549: 6547: 6542: 6541: 6532: 6522: 6520: 6505: 6498: 6494:. 28 July 2016. 6486: 6482: 6467: 6463: 6448: 6444: 6424: 6420: 6410: 6408: 6395: 6394: 6387: 6377: 6375: 6362: 6361: 6354: 6344: 6342: 6333: 6332: 6328: 6318: 6316: 6307: 6306: 6297: 6287: 6285: 6280: 6279: 6275: 6265: 6263: 6253: 6252: 6248: 6233: 6229: 6214: 6210: 6203:Foreign Affairs 6195: 6191: 6172: 6168: 6151: 6150: 6146: 6136: 6134: 6124: 6120: 6107: 6106: 6102: 6092: 6090: 6077: 6076: 6072: 6062: 6060: 6058:Middle East Eye 6052: 6051: 6047: 6032: 6028: 6013: 6009: 5994: 5990: 5971: 5970: 5966: 5951: 5947: 5928: 5924: 5909: 5905: 5890: 5886: 5871: 5867: 5852: 5848: 5838: 5836: 5834:Huffington Post 5826: 5813: 5799: 5797: 5787: 5783: 5773: 5771: 5770:on 6 March 2014 5756: 5752: 5742: 5740: 5735: 5734: 5727: 5717: 5715: 5706: 5705: 5698: 5688: 5686: 5667: 5654: 5644: 5642: 5641:on 22 July 2014 5633: 5632: 5628: 5618: 5616: 5601: 5597: 5587: 5585: 5576: 5575: 5571: 5561: 5559: 5550: 5549: 5545: 5533: 5527: 5516: 5506: 5504: 5496: 5495: 5491: 5472: 5468: 5458: 5456: 5441: 5437: 5427: 5425: 5410: 5406: 5383: 5374: 5357: 5356: 5352: 5342: 5340: 5339:on 30 July 2016 5327: 5326: 5319: 5309: 5307: 5292: 5288: 5275: 5274: 5267: 5257: 5255: 5244: 5237: 5227: 5225: 5216: 5215: 5211: 5201: 5199: 5182:Ignatius, David 5179: 5168: 5158: 5156: 5155:on 22 July 2014 5152: 5145: 5141: 5140: 5117: 5107: 5105: 5092: 5091: 5087: 5077: 5075: 5066: 5065: 5061: 5051: 5049: 5044: 5043: 5039: 5029: 5027: 5018: 5017: 5013: 5003: 5001: 4992: 4991: 4987: 4977: 4975: 4962: 4961: 4957: 4944: 4943: 4939: 4929: 4927: 4912: 4908: 4899: 4898: 4894: 4881: 4880: 4876: 4863: 4862: 4858: 4848: 4846: 4839: 4835: 4825: 4823: 4814: 4813: 4806: 4796: 4794: 4785: 4784: 4780: 4770: 4768: 4767:on 20 July 2020 4755: 4754: 4750: 4740: 4738: 4735:Middle East Eye 4729: 4728: 4724: 4714: 4712: 4700: 4696: 4686: 4684: 4683:on 2 April 2015 4675: 4674: 4667: 4657: 4655: 4646: 4645: 4641: 4631: 4629: 4624: 4623: 4616: 4606: 4604: 4600: 4593: 4589: 4588: 4584: 4574: 4572: 4559: 4558: 4554: 4544: 4542: 4540: 4524: 4517: 4503: 4497: 4493: 4483: 4481: 4476: 4475: 4471: 4461: 4459: 4454: 4453: 4446: 4436: 4434: 4433:on 8 March 2015 4425: 4424: 4420: 4410: 4408: 4401: 4397: 4387: 4385: 4370: 4366: 4356: 4354: 4345: 4344: 4340: 4330: 4328: 4323: 4322: 4318: 4308: 4306: 4295: 4294: 4285: 4275: 4273: 4261: 4257: 4248: 4247: 4238: 4228: 4226: 4217: 4216: 4212: 4207: 4202: 4201: 4178: 4174: 4143: 4139: 4134: 4106: 4099: 4096: 4075: 4073: 4056: 4054: 4037: 4035: 4020: 4018: 4001: 3999: 3982: 3980: 3963: 3961: 3944: 3942: 3925: 3923: 3907: 3905: 3889: 3887: 3871: 3869: 3853: 3851: 3835: 3833: 3815: 3813: 3797: 3795: 3785:United Kingdom 3779: 3777: 3761: 3759: 3743: 3741: 3722: 3706: 3704: 3697:3 January 2012 3688: 3686: 3667: 3614:Maksar al-Hesan 3592: 3590:Zara'a massacre 3582: 3546: 3477: 3420: 3393:Timber Sycamore 3375:The Independent 3346: 3330: 3226: 3225: 3217: 3215: 3204: 3202: 3190: 3188: 3176: 3174: 3155: 3153: 3146: 3144: 3130:Free Idlib Army 3111:Jisr al-Shughur 3017: 3004:Middle East Eye 2981:The Daily Beast 2919: 2888: 2793: 2769:Bashar al-Assad 2716:UN peacekeepers 2712: 2699:Islamic emirate 2652: 2582: 2567:suicide attacks 2393: 2357: 2306: 2230: 2225: 2212: 2206: 2134: 2118:المنارة البيضاء 2110: 2068: 2060:dabet al-shar'i 2023: 1936:Tayseer Allouni 1900: 1895: 1890: 1889: 1888: 1885: 1882: 1873: 1870: 1861: 1858: 1849: 1846: 1837: 1834: 1825: 1822: 1811: 1810: 1805: 1783:Foreign Affairs 1748: 1727:child abduction 1685:Osama bin Laden 1679:A video called 1609:Islamic emirate 1605:Bashar al-Assad 1601: 1565: 1529: 1527: 1522: 1521: 1468: 1467: 1458: 1457: 1406: 1405: 1396: 1395: 1376: 1375: 1366: 1365: 1294: 1293: 1284: 1283: 1277:Salafi jihadism 1248: 1247: 1234: 1233: 1214:Beheading video 1207:Martyrdom video 1172: 1171: 1150: 1118:violent clashes 1015:Bashar al-Assad 1003:Salafi jihadist 988: 987: 978: 976: 975: 967: 965: 964: 959: 955: 932: 808: 807: 743: 741: 711: 709: 680: 678: 666: 654: 637: 621:(some militias) 610: 587: 585: 573: 571: 558: 556: 543: 541: 528: 526: 521:State opponents 500: 498: 485: 483: 473: 471: 454:Ajnad al-Kavkaz 448: 446: 436: 434: 424: 422: 412: 410: 390: 388: 374: 372: 356: 348: 346: 345: 342: 334: 332: 331: 322: 320: 254: 252: 251: 239: 237: 224: 213: 202: 187: 155:28 January 2017 142: 134: 127: 121: 117: 110: 107: 105:(senior member) 98: 92: 89:(senior member) 88: 85: 81: 69: 68: 67: 66: 65: 63: 60: 52: 51: 49: 46: 17: 12: 11: 5: 16252: 16242: 16241: 16236: 16231: 16229:Tahrir al-Sham 16226: 16221: 16216: 16211: 16206: 16201: 16196: 16191: 16186: 16181: 16176: 16171: 16166: 16161: 16156: 16151: 16146: 16141: 16136: 16131: 16126: 16121: 16116: 16111: 16109:Al-Nusra Front 16094: 16093: 16091: 16090: 16080: 16069: 16066: 16065: 16063: 16062: 16057: 16052: 16047: 16040: 16033: 16028: 16023: 16019:Situation Room 16015: 16010: 16005: 16000: 15995: 15990: 15985: 15980: 15975: 15970: 15965: 15960: 15955: 15950: 15945: 15940: 15935: 15930: 15925: 15920: 15914: 15912: 15908: 15907: 15905: 15904: 15899: 15894: 15889: 15884: 15879: 15873: 15866: 15864: 15860: 15859: 15856: 15855: 15853: 15852: 15847: 15842: 15837: 15832: 15827: 15822: 15817: 15812: 15807: 15802: 15797: 15791: 15789: 15785: 15784: 15782: 15781: 15776: 15771: 15766: 15761: 15756: 15751: 15745: 15743: 15730: 15726: 15725: 15722: 15721: 15718: 15717: 15715: 15714: 15709: 15704: 15699: 15694: 15689: 15684: 15679: 15674: 15669: 15664: 15659: 15654: 15649: 15643: 15641: 15637: 15636: 15634: 15633: 15628: 15623: 15618: 15616:Khalil Haqqani 15613: 15608: 15603: 15598: 15593: 15588: 15582: 15580: 15573: 15569: 15568: 15566: 15565: 15560: 15555: 15553:European Union 15550: 15545: 15543:United Kingdom 15540: 15535: 15530: 15520: 15515: 15510: 15505: 15499: 15497: 15490: 15486: 15485: 15483: 15482: 15477: 15467: 15457: 15451: 15448: 15447: 15440: 15439: 15432: 15425: 15417: 15408: 15407: 15405: 15404: 15393: 15390: 15389: 15386: 15385: 15382: 15381: 15379: 15378: 15373: 15368: 15363: 15358: 15353: 15348: 15343: 15337: 15335: 15334:Related topics 15331: 15330: 15328: 15327: 15321: 15319: 15315: 15314: 15312: 15311: 15306: 15301: 15296: 15291: 15286: 15281: 15276: 15271: 15266: 15264:39th G8 summit 15261: 15256: 15251: 15250: 15249: 15239: 15234: 15228: 15226: 15220: 15219: 15217: 15216: 15211: 15206: 15201: 15196: 15191: 15186: 15181: 15176: 15171: 15166: 15161: 15156: 15151: 15146: 15140: 15138: 15134: 15133: 15131: 15130: 15125: 15120: 15115: 15110: 15105: 15100: 15095: 15090: 15085: 15079: 15077: 15069: 15068: 15058: 15057: 15054: 15053: 15051: 15050: 15045: 15040: 15035: 15030: 15025: 15020: 15015: 15010: 15005: 15000: 14995: 14990: 14985: 14980: 14975: 14973:Bassma Kodmani 14970: 14965: 14960: 14955: 14950: 14945: 14943:Razan Ghazzawi 14940: 14935: 14930: 14925: 14920: 14915: 14910: 14905: 14900: 14895: 14893:Tal al-Mallohi 14890: 14885: 14880: 14878:Moaz al-Khatib 14875: 14870: 14865: 14860: 14858:Anwar al-Bunni 14855: 14850: 14849: 14848: 14846:Hafez Makhlouf 14843: 14838: 14833: 14828: 14818: 14816:Adnan al-Aroor 14813: 14808: 14802: 14799: 14798: 14788: 14787: 14784: 14783: 14780: 14779: 14776: 14775: 14773: 14772: 14767: 14762: 14757: 14752: 14747: 14742: 14740:Tahrir al-Sham 14736: 14734: 14727: 14726: 14724: 14723: 14718: 14713: 14708: 14703: 14698: 14692: 14690: 14681: 14675: 14674: 14671: 14670: 14668: 14667: 14662: 14657: 14652: 14647: 14641: 14639: 14635: 14634: 14632: 14631: 14626: 14621: 14616: 14611: 14606: 14601: 14596: 14591: 14585: 14583: 14577: 14576: 14574: 14573: 14568: 14563: 14557: 14555: 14546: 14538: 14537: 14534: 14533: 14531: 14530: 14525: 14520: 14515: 14510: 14504: 14502: 14496: 14495: 14493: 14492: 14487: 14482: 14477: 14472: 14467: 14462: 14457: 14452: 14446: 14444: 14440: 14439: 14437: 14436: 14431: 14426: 14421: 14416: 14411: 14406: 14401: 14400: 14399: 14388: 14386: 14377: 14371: 14370: 14367: 14366: 14364: 14363: 14358: 14353: 14352: 14351: 14346: 14341: 14331: 14330: 14329: 14319: 14313: 14311: 14305: 14304: 14302: 14301: 14296: 14291: 14286: 14281: 14275: 14273: 14269: 14268: 14266: 14265: 14260: 14255: 14250: 14244: 14242: 14233: 14225: 14224: 14214: 14213: 14210: 14209: 14206: 14205: 14202: 14201: 14199: 14198: 14191: 14189: 14185: 14184: 14182: 14181: 14176: 14171: 14166: 14161: 14156: 14151: 14146: 14141: 14135: 14133: 14126: 14125: 14123: 14122: 14117: 14112: 14107: 14102: 14096: 14094: 14087: 14086: 14084: 14083: 14077: 14075: 14069: 14068: 14066: 14065: 14060: 14055: 14053:Akashat ambush 14049: 14047: 14040: 14039: 14037: 14036: 14031: 14026: 14020: 14018: 14008: 14000: 13999: 13997: 13996: 13991: 13986: 13981: 13975: 13973: 13961: 13960: 13958: 13957: 13952: 13947: 13942: 13937: 13932: 13927: 13921: 13919: 13907: 13906: 13904: 13903: 13898: 13893: 13888: 13883: 13878: 13873: 13867: 13865: 13853: 13852: 13850: 13849: 13844: 13839: 13834: 13829: 13824: 13818: 13816: 13804: 13803: 13801: 13800: 13795: 13790: 13785: 13780: 13775: 13770: 13765: 13760: 13755: 13750: 13745: 13740: 13735: 13730: 13725: 13723:Manbij bombing 13720: 13714: 13712: 13692: 13691: 13689: 13688: 13683: 13678: 13673: 13668: 13663: 13658: 13653: 13648: 13643: 13638: 13633: 13628: 13623: 13618: 13613: 13608: 13603: 13598: 13593: 13587: 13585: 13565: 13564: 13562: 13561: 13556: 13555: 13554: 13549: 13544: 13539: 13529: 13524: 13519: 13514: 13509: 13504: 13499: 13494: 13489: 13484: 13479: 13474: 13469: 13464: 13459: 13454: 13449: 13444: 13439: 13437:Aleppo bombing 13434: 13429: 13424: 13419: 13414: 13409: 13404: 13399: 13394: 13389: 13384: 13379: 13374: 13369: 13364: 13359: 13353: 13351: 13331: 13330: 13328: 13327: 13322: 13317: 13312: 13310:Raqqa campaign 13307: 13302: 13297: 13292: 13287: 13282: 13277: 13272: 13267: 13262: 13257: 13252: 13247: 13246: 13245: 13235: 13230: 13225: 13220: 13215: 13210: 13205: 13200: 13195: 13190: 13185: 13180: 13175: 13170: 13165: 13160: 13155: 13150: 13145: 13140: 13134: 13132: 13112: 13111: 13109: 13108: 13103: 13098: 13093: 13088: 13083: 13078: 13073: 13068: 13063: 13058: 13053: 13048: 13043: 13038: 13033: 13028: 13023: 13018: 13013: 13008: 13003: 12998: 12993: 12988: 12983: 12978: 12972: 12970: 12954: 12953: 12951: 12950: 12945: 12940: 12935: 12930: 12925: 12920: 12915: 12910: 12905: 12900: 12895: 12893:Hama Offensive 12890: 12885: 12884: 12883: 12873: 12868: 12867: 12866: 12856: 12851: 12846: 12841: 12836: 12834:Battle of Hosn 12831: 12826: 12821: 12816: 12811: 12806: 12805: 12804: 12799: 12788: 12786: 12770: 12769: 12767: 12766: 12761: 12756: 12751: 12746: 12741: 12736: 12731: 12726: 12721: 12719:Hatla massacre 12716: 12714:Hama offensive 12711: 12706: 12705: 12704: 12694: 12689: 12688: 12687: 12677: 12672: 12671: 12670: 12660: 12655: 12650: 12644: 12642: 12626: 12625: 12623: 12622: 12617: 12612: 12607: 12606: 12605: 12598:Hama offensive 12595: 12593:Aqrab massacre 12590: 12589: 12588: 12578: 12573: 12568: 12563: 12558: 12557: 12556: 12546: 12541: 12540: 12539: 12534: 12524: 12523: 12522: 12512: 12507: 12502: 12497: 12495:Houla massacre 12492: 12487: 12486: 12485: 12475: 12470: 12465: 12460: 12454: 12452: 12432: 12431: 12429: 12428: 12423: 12418: 12413: 12408: 12403: 12402: 12401: 12396: 12386: 12381: 12376: 12371: 12366: 12361: 12356: 12351: 12346: 12341: 12339:Siege of Daraa 12336: 12331: 12325: 12323: 12303: 12302: 12300: 12299: 12294: 12289: 12284: 12279: 12277:Qamishli riots 12274: 12269: 12264: 12259: 12254: 12249: 12243: 12241: 12229: 12228: 12216: 12215: 12212: 12211: 12208: 12207: 12205: 12204: 12199: 12193: 12191: 12187: 12186: 12184: 12183: 12178: 12173: 12168: 12163: 12158: 12153: 12148: 12143: 12138: 12133: 12128: 12122: 12120: 12116: 12115: 12113: 12112: 12107: 12101: 12099: 12098:World reaction 12095: 12094: 12092: 12091: 12086: 12081: 12076: 12071: 12065: 12063: 12059: 12058: 12056: 12055: 12050: 12045: 12040: 12034: 12032: 12028: 12027: 12025: 12024: 12019: 12014: 12009: 12004: 11999: 11994: 11989: 11984: 11979: 11974: 11969: 11964: 11958: 11956: 11955:Main overviews 11948: 11947: 11937: 11936: 11929: 11928: 11921: 11914: 11906: 11900: 11899: 11892: 11891:External links 11889: 11888: 11887: 11882: 11877: 11870: 11867: 11864: 11863: 11833: 11815: 11797: 11779: 11761: 11735: 11716: 11698: 11680: 11658: 11631: 11605: 11593: 11567: 11539: 11517: 11495: 11482: 11460: 11441: 11412: 11390: 11364: 11334: 11321:Al-Masdar News 11308: 11296:Al Masdar News 11282: 11252: 11226: 11196: 11174: 11148: 11130: 11104: 11085: 11072:Anadolu Ajansı 11059: 11046:Anadolu Ajansı 11033: 11022:. 1 March 2021 11007: 10992: 10968: 10946: 10920: 10892: 10863: 10832: 10818: 10802: 10779: 10768:(6): 112–121. 10752: 10733: 10715: 10694: 10670: 10655: 10650:Foreign Policy 10637: 10614: 10595:CATF Reports. 10582: 10559: 10552:) – via 10536: 10525:. 24 June 2015 10510: 10507:. 31 May 2016. 10492: 10487:Jerusalem Post 10474: 10452: 10433: 10410: 10388: 10362: 10348: 10323: 10317:Foreign Policy 10303: 10285: 10282:. 28 May 2015. 10265: 10263:. 17 May 2013. 10247: 10221: 10192: 10174: 10143: 10129: 10098: 10078: 10061: 10030: 9999: 9968: 9937: 9906: 9888: 9857: 9826: 9807: 9776: 9757: 9726: 9708: 9689: 9671: 9645: 9619: 9605: 9586: 9568: 9550: 9526: 9508: 9495: 9482: 9469: 9438: 9420: 9385: 9359: 9333: 9305: 9283: 9251: 9226: 9199: 9169: 9143: 9124: 9106: 9095:on 29 May 2016 9073: 9055: 9044:. 6 April 2015 9027: 9008: 8994: 8972: 8942: 8916: 8903:Foreign Policy 8887: 8856: 8825: 8794: 8763: 8743: 8725: 8703: 8671: 8645: 8617: 8592: 8565: 8543: 8515: 8489: 8464: 8448: 8416: 8386: 8360: 8334: 8313: 8283: 8272:. 10 June 2014 8257: 8231: 8205: 8176: 8150: 8128: 8102: 8077: 8044: 8018: 7989: 7978:on 13 May 2013 7959: 7955:Jerusalem Post 7942: 7940:, 20 July 2013 7926: 7900: 7887: 7875: 7857: 7838: 7827:. 11 June 2013 7816: 7788: 7766: 7744: 7718: 7690: 7663: 7631: 7609: 7583: 7560: 7538: 7512: 7486: 7460: 7434: 7412: 7386: 7375:. 27 June 2012 7360: 7342: 7316: 7290: 7264: 7234: 7208: 7178: 7149: 7123: 7104: 7078: 7052: 7020: 6994: 6972: 6949: 6920: 6887: 6856: 6842: 6820: 6781: 6755: 6744:on 4 July 2016 6724: 6712:The New Yorker 6695: 6665: 6647: 6636:. 28 July 2016 6619: 6591: 6557: 6530: 6496: 6480: 6461: 6442: 6418: 6385: 6352: 6326: 6295: 6273: 6246: 6227: 6208: 6189: 6166: 6144: 6118: 6115:. 5 July 2016. 6100: 6070: 6045: 6026: 6007: 5988: 5964: 5945: 5922: 5903: 5884: 5865: 5846: 5811: 5781: 5750: 5725: 5696: 5652: 5626: 5595: 5569: 5543: 5514: 5489: 5466: 5435: 5404: 5372: 5350: 5317: 5286: 5265: 5235: 5209: 5198:on 9 June 2018 5166: 5115: 5085: 5059: 5037: 5011: 5000:on 14 May 2015 4985: 4974:on 18 May 2020 4955: 4937: 4926:on 7 July 2014 4906: 4892: 4874: 4856: 4833: 4822:. 4 April 2014 4804: 4793:on 5 June 2019 4778: 4748: 4722: 4709:Foreign Policy 4694: 4665: 4654:on 6 June 2014 4639: 4614: 4582: 4552: 4538: 4515: 4491: 4469: 4444: 4418: 4395: 4364: 4338: 4316: 4283: 4255: 4236: 4225:. 26 July 2012 4209: 4208: 4206: 4203: 4200: 4199: 4184:جبهة فتح الشام 4172: 4136: 4135: 4133: 4130: 4129: 4128: 4123: 4118: 4112: 4111: 4095: 4092: 4089: 4088: 4086: 4084: 4070: 4069: 4067: 4065: 4051: 4050: 4048: 4046: 4032: 4031: 4029: 4027: 4015: 4014: 4012: 4010: 3996: 3995: 3993: 3991: 3977: 3976: 3974: 3972: 3958: 3957: 3955: 3953: 3939: 3938: 3936: 3934: 3920: 3919: 3917: 3914: 3902: 3901: 3899: 3896: 3884: 3883: 3881: 3878: 3866: 3865: 3863: 3860: 3848: 3847: 3845: 3842: 3830: 3829: 3827: 3824: 3810: 3809: 3807: 3804: 3792: 3791: 3789: 3786: 3774: 3773: 3771: 3768: 3756: 3755: 3753: 3750: 3738: 3737: 3735: 3732: 3719: 3718: 3716: 3713: 3712:United States 3701: 3700: 3698: 3695: 3683: 3682: 3679: 3676: 3666: 3663: 3655:field hospital 3651:media activist 3632:Ahrar ash-Sham 3586:Hatla massacre 3581: 3578: 3570:Ahrar ash-Sham 3566:Heysem Topalca 3545: 3542: 3527:Khorasan Group 3505:child soldiers 3499:In June 2014, 3476: 3473: 3419: 3416: 3345: 3342: 3329: 3326: 3319:Fastaqim Union 3315:Jaysh al-Islam 3216: 3203: 3189: 3175: 3154: 3145: 3124:, a number of 3122:Al-Masdar News 3116:On 9 October, 3050:Hatay Province 3016: 3013: 2918: 2915: 2887: 2884: 2868:Zahran Alloush 2864:Jaysh al-Islam 2835:Ahrar ash-Sham 2792: 2789: 2711: 2708: 2660:Ahrar ash-Sham 2651: 2648: 2581: 2578: 2556:François Murad 2500: 2499: 2496: 2493: 2448:news presenter 2392: 2389: 2356: 2353: 2328:David Ignatius 2305: 2302: 2292:Hoshyar Zebari 2229: 2226: 2224: 2221: 2210:Khorasan group 2208:Main article: 2205: 2202: 2133: 2130: 2109: 2106: 2067: 2064: 2022: 2019: 2016: 2015: 2010: 2004: 1996: 1995: 1991:Tahrir al-Sham 1986: 1983: 1980:Sami al-Oraydi 1975: 1974: 1969: 1964: 1956: 1955: 1952: 1949: 1899: 1896: 1894: 1891: 1887: 1886: 1883: 1876: 1874: 1871: 1864: 1862: 1859: 1852: 1850: 1847: 1840: 1838: 1835: 1828: 1826: 1823: 1816: 1813: 1812: 1808: 1807: 1806: 1804: 1801: 1786:asserted that 1747: 1744: 1701:Abdullah Azzam 1689:Islamic Nation 1665: 1664: 1661: 1658: 1655: 1652: 1623:Sami al-Oraydi 1600: 1597: 1567: 1566: 1564: 1563: 1556: 1549: 1541: 1538: 1537: 1524: 1523: 1520: 1519: 1517:Jihadi tourism 1514: 1509: 1504: 1503: 1502: 1492: 1487: 1482: 1481: 1480: 1469: 1465: 1464: 1463: 1460: 1459: 1456: 1455: 1454: 1453: 1443: 1438: 1433: 1428: 1423: 1418: 1413: 1407: 1403: 1402: 1401: 1398: 1397: 1394: 1393: 1388: 1383: 1377: 1373: 1372: 1371: 1368: 1367: 1364: 1363: 1358: 1356:Al-Nusra Front 1353: 1348: 1343: 1338: 1333: 1328: 1323: 1318: 1313: 1308: 1307: 1306: 1295: 1291: 1290: 1289: 1286: 1285: 1282: 1281: 1280: 1279: 1274: 1260: 1255: 1249: 1241: 1240: 1239: 1236: 1235: 1232: 1231: 1226: 1224:Suicide attack 1221: 1216: 1211: 1210: 1209: 1204: 1199: 1194: 1184: 1179: 1173: 1169: 1168: 1167: 1164: 1163: 1157: 1156: 1149: 1146: 1130:Sami al-Oraydi 1099:command center 1009:forces in the 995:Al-Nusra Front 990: 989: 973:Tahrir al-Sham 960: 951: 950: 947: 946: 941: 934: 933: 931: 930: 925: 920: 912: 904: 899: 894: 889: 884: 879: 874: 869: 864: 854: 849: 844: 839: 834: 829: 824: 819: 814: 801: 800: 799: 797: 793: 792: 791: 790: 789: 788: 783: 781:Jaysh al-Jihad 773: 752: 751: 739: 734: 729: 724: 719: 704:Shi'ite groups 701: 700: 699: 698: 688: 676: 664: 647: 635: 625: 624: 623: 597: 596: 583: 568: 553: 538: 518: 514: 513: 512: 511: 496: 494:(occasionally) 481: 479:Ansar al-Islam 469: 464: 461: 456: 444: 432: 420: 402: 401: 385: 364: 360: 359: 318: 314: 313: 310: 306: 305: 304: 303: 291: 286: 273: 267: 266: 235: 231: 230: 229: 228: 217: 206: 191: 174: 170: 169: 161: 157: 156: 153: 149: 148: 145: 139: 138: 75: 71: 70: 61: 54: 53: 47: 40: 39: 38: 37: 36: 33: 32: 26: 25: 24:Al-Nusra Front 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 16251: 16240: 16237: 16235: 16232: 16230: 16227: 16225: 16222: 16220: 16217: 16215: 16212: 16210: 16207: 16205: 16202: 16200: 16197: 16195: 16192: 16190: 16187: 16185: 16182: 16180: 16177: 16175: 16172: 16170: 16167: 16165: 16162: 16160: 16157: 16155: 16152: 16150: 16147: 16145: 16142: 16140: 16137: 16135: 16132: 16130: 16127: 16125: 16122: 16120: 16117: 16115: 16112: 16110: 16107: 16106: 16104: 16089: 16081: 16079: 16071: 16070: 16067: 16061: 16058: 16056: 16053: 16051: 16048: 16046: 16045: 16041: 16039: 16038: 16034: 16032: 16029: 16027: 16024: 16022: 16020: 16016: 16014: 16011: 16009: 16006: 16004: 16001: 15999: 15996: 15994: 15991: 15989: 15986: 15984: 15981: 15979: 15976: 15974: 15971: 15969: 15966: 15964: 15961: 15959: 15956: 15954: 15951: 15949: 15946: 15944: 15941: 15939: 15936: 15934: 15931: 15929: 15928:Bush Doctrine 15926: 15924: 15921: 15919: 15916: 15915: 15913: 15909: 15903: 15900: 15898: 15895: 15893: 15890: 15888: 15885: 15883: 15880: 15877: 15876:Torture Memos 15874: 15871: 15868: 15867: 15865: 15861: 15851: 15848: 15846: 15843: 15841: 15838: 15836: 15833: 15831: 15828: 15826: 15823: 15821: 15818: 15816: 15813: 15811: 15808: 15806: 15803: 15801: 15798: 15796: 15793: 15792: 15790: 15786: 15780: 15777: 15775: 15772: 15770: 15767: 15765: 15762: 15760: 15757: 15755: 15752: 15750: 15747: 15746: 15744: 15742: 15741: 15734: 15731: 15727: 15713: 15712:Islamic State 15710: 15708: 15705: 15703: 15700: 15698: 15695: 15693: 15690: 15688: 15685: 15683: 15680: 15678: 15675: 15673: 15670: 15668: 15665: 15663: 15660: 15658: 15655: 15653: 15650: 15648: 15645: 15644: 15642: 15638: 15632: 15629: 15627: 15624: 15622: 15619: 15617: 15614: 15612: 15609: 15607: 15604: 15602: 15599: 15597: 15594: 15592: 15589: 15587: 15584: 15583: 15581: 15577: 15574: 15570: 15564: 15561: 15559: 15556: 15554: 15551: 15549: 15548:United States 15546: 15544: 15541: 15539: 15536: 15534: 15531: 15528: 15524: 15521: 15519: 15516: 15514: 15511: 15509: 15506: 15504: 15501: 15500: 15498: 15494: 15491: 15487: 15481: 15478: 15475: 15472:(2003–2011) ( 15471: 15468: 15465: 15461: 15458: 15456: 15453: 15452: 15449: 15445: 15444:War on terror 15438: 15433: 15431: 15426: 15424: 15419: 15418: 15415: 15403: 15395: 15394: 15391: 15377: 15374: 15372: 15369: 15367: 15364: 15362: 15359: 15357: 15354: 15352: 15349: 15347: 15344: 15342: 15339: 15338: 15336: 15332: 15326: 15323: 15322: 15320: 15316: 15310: 15307: 15305: 15302: 15300: 15297: 15295: 15292: 15290: 15287: 15285: 15282: 15280: 15277: 15275: 15272: 15270: 15267: 15265: 15262: 15260: 15257: 15255: 15252: 15248: 15245: 15244: 15243: 15240: 15238: 15235: 15233: 15230: 15229: 15227: 15225: 15224:Peace process 15221: 15215: 15212: 15210: 15207: 15205: 15202: 15200: 15197: 15195: 15192: 15190: 15187: 15185: 15182: 15180: 15177: 15175: 15172: 15170: 15167: 15165: 15162: 15160: 15157: 15155: 15152: 15150: 15147: 15145: 15142: 15141: 15139: 15135: 15129: 15126: 15124: 15121: 15119: 15116: 15114: 15111: 15109: 15106: 15104: 15101: 15099: 15096: 15094: 15091: 15089: 15086: 15084: 15081: 15080: 15078: 15074: 15070: 15063: 15059: 15049: 15046: 15044: 15041: 15039: 15036: 15034: 15031: 15029: 15028:Yaser Tabbara 15026: 15024: 15021: 15019: 15016: 15014: 15011: 15009: 15006: 15004: 15001: 14999: 14996: 14994: 14993:Dawoud Rajiha 14991: 14989: 14986: 14984: 14981: 14979: 14976: 14974: 14971: 14969: 14966: 14964: 14961: 14959: 14956: 14954: 14951: 14949: 14948:Ghassan Hitto 14946: 14944: 14941: 14939: 14936: 14934: 14931: 14929: 14926: 14924: 14921: 14919: 14918:Suheir Atassi 14916: 14914: 14911: 14909: 14906: 14904: 14901: 14899: 14898:Fida al-Sayed 14896: 14894: 14891: 14889: 14886: 14884: 14881: 14879: 14876: 14874: 14871: 14869: 14866: 14864: 14861: 14859: 14856: 14854: 14853:Riad al-Asaad 14851: 14847: 14844: 14842: 14841:Rami Makhlouf 14839: 14837: 14834: 14832: 14829: 14827: 14824: 14823: 14822: 14819: 14817: 14814: 14812: 14809: 14807: 14804: 14803: 14800: 14793: 14789: 14771: 14768: 14766: 14763: 14761: 14758: 14756: 14753: 14751: 14748: 14746: 14743: 14741: 14738: 14737: 14735: 14732: 14728: 14722: 14719: 14717: 14714: 14712: 14709: 14707: 14704: 14702: 14699: 14697: 14694: 14693: 14691: 14689: 14688:Islamic State 14685: 14682: 14680: 14676: 14666: 14663: 14661: 14658: 14656: 14653: 14651: 14648: 14646: 14643: 14642: 14640: 14636: 14630: 14627: 14625: 14622: 14620: 14617: 14615: 14612: 14610: 14607: 14605: 14602: 14600: 14597: 14595: 14592: 14590: 14587: 14586: 14584: 14582: 14578: 14572: 14569: 14567: 14564: 14562: 14559: 14558: 14556: 14554: 14550: 14547: 14545: 14539: 14529: 14526: 14524: 14521: 14519: 14516: 14514: 14511: 14509: 14506: 14505: 14503: 14501: 14497: 14491: 14488: 14486: 14483: 14481: 14478: 14476: 14473: 14471: 14468: 14466: 14465:Army of Glory 14463: 14461: 14458: 14456: 14453: 14451: 14448: 14447: 14445: 14441: 14435: 14432: 14430: 14427: 14425: 14422: 14420: 14417: 14415: 14412: 14410: 14407: 14405: 14402: 14398: 14395: 14394: 14393: 14390: 14389: 14387: 14385: 14381: 14378: 14376: 14372: 14362: 14359: 14357: 14354: 14350: 14347: 14345: 14342: 14340: 14337: 14336: 14335: 14332: 14328: 14325: 14324: 14323: 14320: 14318: 14315: 14314: 14312: 14310: 14306: 14300: 14297: 14295: 14292: 14290: 14287: 14285: 14282: 14280: 14277: 14276: 14274: 14270: 14264: 14261: 14259: 14256: 14254: 14251: 14249: 14246: 14245: 14243: 14241: 14237: 14234: 14230: 14226: 14219: 14215: 14196: 14193: 14192: 14190: 14186: 14180: 14177: 14175: 14172: 14170: 14167: 14165: 14162: 14160: 14157: 14155: 14152: 14150: 14147: 14145: 14142: 14140: 14137: 14136: 14134: 14131: 14127: 14121: 14118: 14116: 14113: 14111: 14108: 14106: 14103: 14101: 14098: 14097: 14095: 14092: 14088: 14082: 14079: 14078: 14076: 14074: 14070: 14064: 14061: 14059: 14056: 14054: 14051: 14050: 14048: 14045: 14041: 14035: 14032: 14030: 14027: 14025: 14022: 14021: 14019: 14016: 14012: 14009: 14007: 14006: 14001: 13995: 13992: 13990: 13987: 13985: 13982: 13980: 13977: 13976: 13974: 13972: 13967: 13962: 13956: 13953: 13951: 13948: 13946: 13943: 13941: 13938: 13936: 13933: 13931: 13928: 13926: 13923: 13922: 13920: 13918: 13913: 13908: 13902: 13899: 13897: 13896:Daraa clashes 13894: 13892: 13889: 13887: 13884: 13882: 13879: 13877: 13874: 13872: 13869: 13868: 13866: 13864: 13859: 13854: 13848: 13845: 13843: 13840: 13838: 13835: 13833: 13830: 13828: 13827:Afrin bombing 13825: 13823: 13820: 13819: 13817: 13815: 13810: 13805: 13799: 13798:US airstrikes 13796: 13794: 13791: 13789: 13786: 13784: 13781: 13779: 13776: 13774: 13771: 13769: 13766: 13764: 13761: 13759: 13756: 13754: 13753:June bombings 13751: 13749: 13746: 13744: 13741: 13739: 13736: 13734: 13731: 13729: 13726: 13724: 13721: 13719: 13716: 13715: 13713: 13711: 13707: 13703: 13698: 13693: 13687: 13684: 13682: 13679: 13677: 13674: 13672: 13669: 13667: 13664: 13662: 13659: 13657: 13654: 13652: 13649: 13647: 13644: 13642: 13639: 13637: 13634: 13632: 13629: 13627: 13624: 13622: 13619: 13617: 13614: 13612: 13609: 13607: 13604: 13602: 13599: 13597: 13594: 13592: 13589: 13588: 13586: 13584: 13580: 13576: 13571: 13566: 13560: 13557: 13553: 13550: 13548: 13545: 13543: 13540: 13538: 13535: 13534: 13533: 13530: 13528: 13525: 13523: 13520: 13518: 13515: 13513: 13510: 13508: 13505: 13503: 13500: 13498: 13495: 13493: 13490: 13488: 13485: 13483: 13480: 13478: 13475: 13473: 13470: 13468: 13465: 13463: 13460: 13458: 13455: 13453: 13450: 13448: 13445: 13443: 13440: 13438: 13435: 13433: 13430: 13428: 13425: 13423: 13420: 13418: 13415: 13413: 13410: 13408: 13405: 13403: 13400: 13398: 13395: 13393: 13390: 13388: 13385: 13383: 13380: 13378: 13375: 13373: 13370: 13368: 13365: 13363: 13360: 13358: 13355: 13354: 13352: 13350: 13346: 13342: 13337: 13332: 13326: 13323: 13321: 13318: 13316: 13313: 13311: 13308: 13306: 13303: 13301: 13298: 13296: 13293: 13291: 13288: 13286: 13283: 13281: 13278: 13276: 13273: 13271: 13268: 13266: 13263: 13261: 13258: 13256: 13253: 13251: 13248: 13244: 13241: 13240: 13239: 13236: 13234: 13231: 13229: 13226: 13224: 13221: 13219: 13216: 13214: 13211: 13209: 13206: 13204: 13201: 13199: 13196: 13194: 13191: 13189: 13186: 13184: 13181: 13179: 13176: 13174: 13171: 13169: 13166: 13164: 13161: 13159: 13156: 13154: 13151: 13149: 13146: 13144: 13141: 13139: 13136: 13135: 13133: 13131: 13127: 13123: 13118: 13113: 13107: 13104: 13102: 13099: 13097: 13094: 13092: 13089: 13087: 13084: 13082: 13079: 13077: 13074: 13072: 13069: 13067: 13064: 13062: 13059: 13057: 13054: 13052: 13049: 13047: 13044: 13042: 13039: 13037: 13034: 13032: 13029: 13027: 13024: 13022: 13019: 13017: 13014: 13012: 13009: 13007: 13004: 13002: 12999: 12997: 12994: 12992: 12989: 12987: 12984: 12982: 12979: 12977: 12974: 12973: 12971: 12969: 12965: 12960: 12955: 12949: 12946: 12944: 12941: 12939: 12936: 12934: 12931: 12929: 12926: 12924: 12921: 12919: 12916: 12914: 12911: 12909: 12906: 12904: 12901: 12899: 12896: 12894: 12891: 12889: 12886: 12882: 12879: 12878: 12877: 12874: 12872: 12869: 12865: 12862: 12861: 12860: 12857: 12855: 12852: 12850: 12847: 12845: 12842: 12840: 12837: 12835: 12832: 12830: 12827: 12825: 12822: 12820: 12819:Maan massacre 12817: 12815: 12812: 12810: 12807: 12803: 12800: 12798: 12795: 12794: 12793: 12790: 12789: 12787: 12785: 12781: 12776: 12771: 12765: 12762: 12760: 12757: 12755: 12752: 12750: 12747: 12745: 12742: 12740: 12737: 12735: 12734:Adra massacre 12732: 12730: 12727: 12725: 12722: 12720: 12717: 12715: 12712: 12710: 12707: 12703: 12700: 12699: 12698: 12695: 12693: 12690: 12686: 12683: 12682: 12681: 12678: 12676: 12673: 12669: 12666: 12665: 12664: 12661: 12659: 12656: 12654: 12651: 12649: 12646: 12645: 12643: 12641: 12637: 12632: 12627: 12621: 12618: 12616: 12613: 12611: 12608: 12604: 12601: 12600: 12599: 12596: 12594: 12591: 12587: 12584: 12583: 12582: 12579: 12577: 12574: 12572: 12569: 12567: 12564: 12562: 12559: 12555: 12552: 12551: 12550: 12547: 12545: 12542: 12538: 12535: 12533: 12530: 12529: 12528: 12525: 12521: 12518: 12517: 12516: 12513: 12511: 12508: 12506: 12503: 12501: 12498: 12496: 12493: 12491: 12488: 12484: 12481: 12480: 12479: 12476: 12474: 12471: 12469: 12466: 12464: 12461: 12459: 12456: 12455: 12453: 12451: 12447: 12443: 12438: 12433: 12427: 12424: 12422: 12419: 12417: 12414: 12412: 12409: 12407: 12404: 12400: 12397: 12395: 12392: 12391: 12390: 12387: 12385: 12382: 12380: 12377: 12375: 12372: 12370: 12369:Siege of Homs 12367: 12365: 12364:Siege of Hama 12362: 12360: 12357: 12355: 12352: 12350: 12347: 12345: 12342: 12340: 12337: 12335: 12332: 12330: 12327: 12326: 12324: 12322: 12318: 12314: 12309: 12304: 12298: 12295: 12293: 12290: 12288: 12285: 12283: 12280: 12278: 12275: 12273: 12270: 12268: 12265: 12263: 12260: 12258: 12255: 12253: 12250: 12248: 12245: 12244: 12242: 12240: 12239: 12234: 12230: 12226: 12221: 12217: 12203: 12200: 12198: 12195: 12194: 12192: 12188: 12182: 12179: 12177: 12174: 12172: 12169: 12167: 12164: 12162: 12159: 12157: 12154: 12152: 12149: 12147: 12144: 12142: 12139: 12137: 12134: 12132: 12129: 12127: 12124: 12123: 12121: 12117: 12111: 12108: 12106: 12103: 12102: 12100: 12096: 12090: 12087: 12085: 12082: 12080: 12077: 12075: 12072: 12070: 12067: 12066: 12064: 12060: 12054: 12051: 12049: 12046: 12044: 12041: 12039: 12036: 12035: 12033: 12029: 12023: 12020: 12018: 12015: 12013: 12010: 12008: 12005: 12003: 12000: 11998: 11997:Belligerents 11995: 11993: 11990: 11988: 11985: 11983: 11980: 11978: 11975: 11973: 11970: 11968: 11965: 11963: 11960: 11959: 11957: 11953: 11949: 11942: 11938: 11934: 11927: 11922: 11920: 11915: 11913: 11908: 11907: 11904: 11898: 11895: 11894: 11886: 11883: 11881: 11878: 11876: 11873: 11872: 11851: 11847: 11843: 11837: 11829: 11825: 11819: 11811: 11807: 11801: 11793: 11789: 11783: 11775: 11771: 11765: 11749: 11745: 11739: 11731: 11727: 11720: 11712: 11708: 11702: 11694: 11693:www.moj.go.jp 11690: 11684: 11668: 11662: 11646: 11642: 11635: 11620:. 19 May 2014 11619: 11615: 11609: 11602: 11597: 11581: 11577: 11571: 11556: 11549: 11543: 11527: 11521: 11505: 11499: 11491: 11486: 11470: 11464: 11457: 11453: 11450: 11445: 11430:. 3 June 2014 11429: 11425: 11419: 11417: 11400: 11394: 11378: 11374: 11368: 11352: 11348: 11344: 11338: 11323:. 24 May 2016 11322: 11318: 11312: 11297: 11293: 11286: 11270: 11266: 11262: 11256: 11240: 11236: 11230: 11214: 11210: 11206: 11200: 11184: 11178: 11162: 11158: 11152: 11144: 11140: 11134: 11119:. 5 June 2012 11118: 11114: 11108: 11100: 11096: 11089: 11073: 11069: 11063: 11047: 11043: 11037: 11021: 11017: 11011: 11005: 11001: 10996: 10990: 10986: 10983: 10979: 10978: 10972: 10956: 10950: 10935: 10931: 10924: 10909:. 30 May 2013 10908: 10907: 10906:Today's Zaman 10902: 10896: 10881: 10877: 10870: 10868: 10851: 10847: 10843: 10836: 10828: 10822: 10815: 10811: 10806: 10790: 10783: 10775: 10771: 10767: 10763: 10756: 10748: 10744: 10737: 10729: 10725: 10719: 10711: 10710: 10705: 10698: 10690: 10689: 10685: 10679: 10677: 10675: 10666: 10659: 10651: 10647: 10641: 10625: 10618: 10602: 10598: 10591: 10589: 10587: 10570: 10563: 10555: 10551: 10547: 10540: 10524: 10520: 10514: 10506: 10502: 10496: 10488: 10484: 10478: 10462: 10456: 10448: 10444: 10437: 10421: 10414: 10406: 10402: 10398: 10392: 10377: 10373: 10366: 10358: 10352: 10344: 10340: 10335: 10327: 10319: 10318: 10313: 10307: 10299: 10295: 10289: 10281: 10280: 10275: 10269: 10262: 10261: 10256: 10251: 10236: 10232: 10225: 10209: 10205: 10199: 10197: 10188: 10184: 10178: 10170: 10158: 10154: 10147: 10139: 10133: 10125: 10113: 10109: 10102: 10094: 10093: 10088: 10082: 10074: 10068: 10066: 10057: 10045: 10041: 10034: 10026: 10014: 10010: 10003: 9995: 9983: 9979: 9972: 9964: 9952: 9948: 9941: 9933: 9921: 9917: 9910: 9902: 9898: 9892: 9884: 9872: 9868: 9861: 9853: 9841: 9837: 9830: 9822: 9818: 9811: 9803: 9791: 9787: 9780: 9772: 9768: 9761: 9753: 9741: 9737: 9730: 9722: 9718: 9712: 9704: 9700: 9693: 9685: 9681: 9675: 9659: 9655: 9649: 9633: 9629: 9623: 9615: 9609: 9602: 9598: 9595: 9590: 9582: 9578: 9572: 9564: 9560: 9554: 9546: 9542: 9541: 9536: 9530: 9522: 9518: 9512: 9506:1 August 2016 9505: 9499: 9492: 9486: 9479: 9473: 9457: 9453: 9449: 9442: 9434: 9430: 9424: 9417: 9405:on 8 May 2015 9404: 9400: 9396: 9389: 9373: 9369: 9363: 9347: 9343: 9337: 9322: 9318: 9312: 9310: 9293: 9287: 9271: 9267: 9266: 9261: 9255: 9240: 9236: 9230: 9222: 9218: 9213: 9206: 9204: 9187: 9183: 9179: 9173: 9157: 9153: 9147: 9140: 9139: 9134: 9128: 9120: 9116: 9110: 9094: 9090: 9086: 9080: 9078: 9069: 9065: 9059: 9043: 9039: 9038: 9031: 9023: 9019: 9012: 9004: 8998: 8982: 8976: 8960: 8956: 8955:alnour.com.lb 8952: 8946: 8930: 8926: 8920: 8904: 8900: 8894: 8892: 8883: 8871: 8867: 8860: 8852: 8841:) (in Arabic) 8840: 8836: 8829: 8821: 8809: 8805: 8798: 8790: 8778: 8774: 8767: 8759: 8758: 8753: 8747: 8739: 8735: 8729: 8713: 8707: 8691: 8687: 8682: 8675: 8659: 8655: 8649: 8633: 8632: 8627: 8621: 8606: 8602: 8596: 8581: 8580: 8575: 8569: 8553: 8547: 8531: 8530: 8525: 8519: 8503: 8499: 8493: 8478: 8474: 8468: 8461: 8458: 8452: 8436: 8432: 8431: 8426: 8420: 8404: 8400: 8396: 8390: 8374: 8370: 8364: 8348: 8344: 8338: 8323: 8317: 8301: 8297: 8293: 8287: 8271: 8267: 8261: 8245: 8241: 8235: 8219: 8215: 8209: 8194: 8190: 8186: 8180: 8164: 8160: 8154: 8138: 8132: 8117:. 17 May 2013 8116: 8112: 8106: 8090: 8084: 8082: 8065: 8061: 8060:The Telegraph 8056: 8048: 8032: 8028: 8022: 8006: 8002: 7996: 7994: 7977: 7973: 7969: 7963: 7956: 7952: 7946: 7939: 7938:The Economist 7935: 7930: 7915:. 14 May 2013 7914: 7910: 7904: 7897: 7891: 7884: 7879: 7871: 7867: 7861: 7853: 7849: 7842: 7826: 7820: 7805:. 2 July 2013 7804: 7803: 7798: 7792: 7776: 7770: 7754: 7748: 7733: 7729: 7722: 7706: 7705: 7700: 7694: 7678: 7674: 7667: 7651: 7647: 7646: 7641: 7635: 7619: 7613: 7597: 7593: 7587: 7571: 7564: 7548: 7542: 7526: 7522: 7516: 7500: 7496: 7490: 7474: 7470: 7464: 7448: 7444: 7438: 7422: 7416: 7400: 7396: 7390: 7374: 7370: 7364: 7356: 7352: 7346: 7330: 7326: 7320: 7305:. 5 June 2012 7304: 7300: 7294: 7279: 7275: 7268: 7252: 7248: 7244: 7238: 7223:. 12 May 2012 7222: 7218: 7212: 7196: 7192: 7188: 7182: 7167: 7163: 7156: 7154: 7137: 7133: 7127: 7120: 7116: 7113: 7108: 7092: 7088: 7082: 7066: 7062: 7056: 7040: 7036: 7035:The Telegraph 7031: 7024: 7008: 7004: 6998: 6982: 6976: 6960: 6953: 6937: 6933: 6927: 6925: 6908: 6904: 6900: 6894: 6892: 6875: 6871: 6865: 6863: 6861: 6852: 6846: 6830: 6824: 6809: 6805: 6798: 6796: 6794: 6792: 6790: 6788: 6786: 6770:. 28 May 2015 6769: 6765: 6759: 6743: 6739: 6735: 6728: 6713: 6709: 6702: 6700: 6683: 6676: 6674: 6672: 6670: 6661: 6657: 6651: 6635: 6634: 6629: 6623: 6608: 6604: 6598: 6596: 6588: 6577: 6573: 6566: 6564: 6562: 6545: 6539: 6537: 6535: 6518: 6514: 6510: 6503: 6501: 6493: 6489: 6484: 6476: 6472: 6465: 6457: 6453: 6446: 6439: 6435: 6434: 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August 2014 5557: 5553: 5547: 5539: 5532: 5525: 5523: 5521: 5519: 5503: 5499: 5493: 5485: 5481: 5477: 5470: 5454: 5450: 5446: 5439: 5423: 5419: 5415: 5408: 5400: 5396: 5392: 5388: 5381: 5379: 5377: 5368: 5364: 5360: 5354: 5338: 5334: 5330: 5324: 5322: 5305: 5301: 5297: 5290: 5282: 5278: 5272: 5270: 5253: 5249: 5242: 5240: 5223: 5219: 5213: 5197: 5193: 5192: 5187: 5183: 5177: 5175: 5173: 5171: 5151: 5144: 5138: 5136: 5134: 5132: 5130: 5128: 5126: 5124: 5122: 5120: 5103: 5099: 5095: 5089: 5073: 5069: 5063: 5047: 5041: 5025: 5021: 5015: 4999: 4995: 4989: 4973: 4969: 4965: 4959: 4951: 4947: 4941: 4925: 4921: 4917: 4910: 4902: 4896: 4888: 4884: 4878: 4870: 4866: 4860: 4844: 4837: 4821: 4817: 4811: 4809: 4792: 4788: 4782: 4766: 4762: 4758: 4752: 4736: 4732: 4726: 4711: 4710: 4705: 4698: 4682: 4678: 4672: 4670: 4653: 4649: 4643: 4627: 4621: 4619: 4599: 4592: 4586: 4570: 4566: 4562: 4556: 4541: 4539:9780231539104 4535: 4531: 4530: 4522: 4520: 4511: 4510: 4502: 4495: 4479: 4473: 4457: 4451: 4449: 4432: 4428: 4422: 4406: 4399: 4383: 4379: 4375: 4368: 4352: 4348: 4342: 4326: 4320: 4304: 4303: 4298: 4292: 4290: 4288: 4272: 4271: 4266: 4259: 4251: 4245: 4243: 4241: 4224: 4220: 4214: 4210: 4196: 4190: 4181: 4176: 4167: 4161: 4155: 4146: 4141: 4137: 4127: 4124: 4122: 4119: 4117: 4114: 4113: 4109: 4103: 4098: 4087: 4085: 4083: 4072: 4071: 4068: 4066: 4064: 4053: 4052: 4049: 4047: 4045: 4034: 4033: 4030: 4028: 4017: 4016: 4013: 4011: 4009: 3998: 3997: 3994: 3992: 3990: 3979: 3978: 3975: 3973: 3971: 3960: 3959: 3956: 3954: 3952: 3941: 3940: 3937: 3935: 3933: 3922: 3921: 3918: 3915: 3904: 3903: 3900: 3897: 3886: 3885: 3882: 3879: 3868: 3867: 3864: 3861: 3850: 3849: 3846: 3844:7 March 2014 3843: 3841:Saudi Arabia 3832: 3831: 3828: 3825: 3823: 3812: 3811: 3808: 3805: 3794: 3793: 3790: 3788:19 July 2013 3787: 3776: 3775: 3772: 3770:28 June 2013 3769: 3758: 3757: 3754: 3751: 3740: 3739: 3736: 3733: 3731: 3726: 3721: 3720: 3717: 3714: 3703: 3702: 3699: 3696: 3685: 3684: 3680: 3677: 3674: 3673: 3670: 3662: 3660: 3656: 3652: 3648: 3643: 3641: 3637: 3633: 3628: 3626: 3621: 3617: 3615: 3610: 3608: 3604: 3599: 3597: 3591: 3587: 3577: 3575: 3571: 3567: 3563: 3559: 3555: 3551: 3541: 3539: 3534: 3532: 3528: 3524: 3519: 3517: 3513: 3508: 3506: 3502: 3497: 3493: 3491: 3481: 3472: 3470: 3469: 3464: 3463: 3457: 3454: 3450: 3448: 3447: 3443:According to 3441: 3439: 3434: 3432: 3427: 3425: 3415: 3413: 3409: 3404: 3402: 3398: 3394: 3389: 3387: 3382: 3380: 3376: 3372: 3367: 3363: 3359: 3355: 3351: 3341: 3339: 3335: 3325: 3322: 3320: 3316: 3312: 3308: 3304: 3303:Ahrar al-Sham 3299: 3298:Ahrar al-Sham 3294: 3292: 3288: 3284: 3280: 3276: 3273: 3268: 3265: 3261: 3257: 3253: 3248: 3246: 3242: 3238: 3230: 3223: 3214: 3210: 3200: 3196: 3186: 3182: 3173: 3169: 3165: 3161: 3152: 3141: 3137: 3135: 3131: 3127: 3123: 3119: 3114: 3112: 3108: 3104: 3100: 3096: 3095: 3094:nom de guerre 3089: 3087: 3083: 3079: 3075: 3071: 3067: 3066:Ahrar al-Sham 3063: 3059: 3055: 3051: 3047: 3043: 3042:Lindsey Snell 3037: 3032: 3025: 3021: 3012: 3008: 3005: 3000: 2997: 2992: 2990: 2989:Ahrar al-Sham 2985: 2983: 2982: 2977: 2972: 2970: 2965: 2963: 2959: 2954: 2950: 2946: 2942: 2937: 2935: 2930: 2927: 2924: 2914: 2912: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2896: 2891: 2883: 2881: 2877: 2872: 2869: 2865: 2861: 2859: 2855: 2851: 2846: 2844: 2840: 2836: 2831: 2827: 2823: 2817: 2812: 2810: 2806: 2797: 2788: 2785: 2780: 2778: 2774: 2770: 2766: 2761: 2759: 2754: 2752: 2748: 2747:Islamic state 2739: 2735: 2733: 2729: 2725: 2724:Golan Heights 2721: 2717: 2707: 2703: 2700: 2696: 2691: 2689: 2685: 2681: 2677: 2673: 2669: 2665: 2661: 2655: 2647: 2643: 2640: 2636: 2633:In May 2013, 2631: 2628: 2623: 2621: 2617: 2613: 2609: 2605: 2600: 2597: 2596: 2591: 2590:The Economist 2587: 2577: 2575: 2570: 2568: 2563: 2561: 2557: 2552: 2548: 2545: 2541: 2539: 2535: 2530: 2528: 2522: 2520: 2516: 2511: 2509: 2505: 2497: 2494: 2491: 2490: 2489: 2486: 2483: 2479: 2476: 2472: 2464: 2461:The scene at 2459: 2455: 2453: 2449: 2444: 2440: 2436: 2434: 2429: 2426: 2421: 2419: 2414: 2412: 2407: 2403: 2398: 2388: 2386: 2382: 2376: 2374: 2370: 2361: 2352: 2350: 2346: 2341: 2339: 2335: 2334: 2329: 2325: 2321: 2320: 2314: 2312: 2301: 2299: 2298: 2293: 2289: 2285: 2281: 2276: 2274: 2270: 2265: 2263: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2247: 2243: 2239: 2235: 2220: 2217: 2211: 2201: 2199: 2198:Islamic State 2193: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2174: 2172: 2168: 2164: 2160: 2156: 2152: 2146: 2143: 2139: 2129: 2123: 2115: 2105: 2102: 2100: 2096: 2092: 2087: 2085: 2081: 2077: 2073: 2063: 2061: 2057: 2056: 2050: 2048: 2044: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2014: 2011: 2009: 2005: 2003: 2002: 1998: 1997: 1994: 1992: 1987: 1984: 1982: 1981: 1977: 1976: 1973: 1970: 1968: 1965: 1963: 1962: 1958: 1957: 1953: 1950: 1947: 1946: 1943: 1941: 1937: 1933: 1929: 1925: 1924:Golan Heights 1921: 1917: 1913: 1909: 1905: 1880: 1875: 1868: 1863: 1856: 1851: 1844: 1839: 1832: 1827: 1820: 1815: 1814: 1800: 1798: 1794: 1789: 1785: 1784: 1778: 1776: 1771: 1766: 1763: 1762:C. J. Chivers 1759: 1758: 1753: 1743: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1720: 1715: 1713: 1708: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1677: 1675: 1671: 1662: 1659: 1656: 1653: 1650: 1649: 1648: 1646: 1641: 1639: 1634: 1632: 1628: 1624: 1619: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1596: 1593: 1587: 1578: 1574: 1562: 1557: 1555: 1550: 1548: 1543: 1542: 1540: 1539: 1536: 1526: 1525: 1518: 1515: 1513: 1510: 1508: 1505: 1501: 1498: 1497: 1496: 1493: 1491: 1488: 1486: 1483: 1479: 1476: 1475: 1474: 1471: 1470: 1462: 1461: 1452: 1449: 1448: 1447: 1444: 1442: 1439: 1437: 1434: 1432: 1429: 1427: 1424: 1422: 1419: 1417: 1414: 1412: 1409: 1408: 1400: 1399: 1392: 1389: 1387: 1384: 1382: 1379: 1378: 1370: 1369: 1362: 1359: 1357: 1354: 1352: 1349: 1347: 1346:Islamic State 1344: 1342: 1339: 1337: 1336:Ahrar al-Sham 1334: 1332: 1329: 1327: 1324: 1322: 1319: 1317: 1314: 1312: 1309: 1305: 1302: 1301: 1300: 1297: 1296: 1288: 1287: 1278: 1275: 1273: 1270: 1269: 1268: 1264: 1261: 1259: 1256: 1254: 1251: 1250: 1246: 1245: 1238: 1237: 1230: 1229:Jihadist flag 1227: 1225: 1222: 1220: 1217: 1215: 1212: 1208: 1205: 1203: 1200: 1198: 1195: 1193: 1190: 1189: 1188: 1185: 1183: 1180: 1178: 1175: 1174: 1166: 1165: 1162: 1159: 1158: 1154: 1153: 1145: 1143: 1142:Hurras al-Din 1139: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1122:Ahrar al-Sham 1119: 1115: 1110: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1081:, after Emir 1080: 1076: 1072: 1067: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1036: 1030: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1019:Islamic state 1016: 1012: 1008: 1004: 1000: 996: 985: 984:Hurras al-Din 974: 963: 958: 954: 948: 945: 942: 939: 935: 929: 926: 924: 921: 919: 916: 913: 911: 908: 905: 903: 900: 898: 895: 893: 890: 888: 885: 883: 880: 878: 875: 873: 870: 868: 865: 862: 858: 855: 853: 850: 848: 845: 843: 840: 838: 835: 833: 830: 828: 825: 823: 820: 818: 815: 813: 810: 809: 806: 805: 798: 794: 787: 784: 782: 778: 774: 772: 769: 768: 767: 763: 759: 758: 757: 756: 750: 740: 738: 735: 733: 730: 728: 725: 723: 720: 718: 708: 707: 706: 705: 697: 693: 689: 687: 677: 675: 665: 663: 653: 652: 651: 648: 646: 641: 636: 634: 630: 626: 619: 614: 609: 608: 607: 604: 603: 602: 601: 595: 584: 581: 569: 566: 554: 551: 539: 536: 524: 523: 522: 519: 515: 507: 506:Ahrar al-Sham 497: 492: 482: 480: 470: 468: 465: 462: 460: 457: 455: 445: 443: 433: 431: 421: 419: 409: 408: 407: 406: 398: 386: 382: 370: 369: 368: 365: 361: 355: 341: 329: 319: 315: 312:10,000 (2017) 311: 307: 300: 295: 292: 290: 287: 285: 282: 281: 280: 277: 274: 272: 268: 262: 247: 236: 232: 221: 218: 210: 207: 199: 195: 192: 184: 180: 177: 176: 175: 171: 168: 167: 162: 158: 154: 150: 146: 140: 132: 130: 124: 115: 113: 103: 101: 95: 79: 76: 72: 58: 44: 34: 27: 22: 19: 16144:Anti-Shi'ism 16042: 16035: 16018: 15923:Axis of evil 15739: 15611:Anas Haqqani 15489:Participants 15284:Vienna talks 14958:Randa Kassis 14933:Farid Ghadry 14908:Khaled Khoja 14903:Riad al-Turk 14711:Liwa al-Aqsa 14581:SDF militias 14523:Saudi Arabia 14349:Wagner Group 14222:Belligerents 14004: 13965: 13911: 13857: 13808: 13773:Barisha raid 13696: 13569: 13335: 13116: 12958: 12774: 12630: 12436: 12307: 12237: 11854:. 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