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1108:, crossed the great frozen rivers that traditionally protected the Netherlands from invasion. Aided by the fact that a substantial proportion of the Dutch population looked favourably upon the French incursion, and often considered it a liberation, the French were quickly able to break the resistance of the forces of the Stadtholder, and his Austrian and British allies. However, in many cities revolution broke out even before the French arrived and
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proclaiming that all Dutch colonies were to fall under
British rule, as they had declared war on the Batavian Republic. Several coups followed in 1798, 1801 and 1805 which brought different groups of Patriots to power. Though the French presented themselves as liberators, many disagreed. The Batavian
1087:
began, which embraced many of the political ideas that the
Patriots had espoused in their own revolt. The Patriots enthusiastically supported the Revolution, and when the French revolutionary armies started spreading it, the Patriots joined in, hoping to liberate their own country from its
1067:
873:
in 1795. The period of Dutch history that followed the revolution is also referred to as the "Batavian-French era" (1795–1813) even though the time spanned was only 20 years, of which three were under French occupation under
868:
began in 1789, "Patriot" dissent grew, and in the severe winter of 1794/95 a French army with some "Patriot" Dutch units invaded over the frozen frontier rivers, leading to the
Batavian Revolution and the proclamation of the
957:) of armed civilians which between 1783 and 1787 managed to take over several cities and regions in an effort to force new elections which would oust the old government officials. The Patriots held
1268:
De Vries, Jan and Ad van der Woude, The First Modern
Economy: Success, Failure, and Perseverance of the Dutch Economy, 1500-1815. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997
1005:
1054:
1117:
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1533:
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610:
1687:
951:, desired a more democratic government and a more equal society. The Patriots built support from most of the middle-class, and founded militias (
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were not willing to send their troops to fight the
Patriots. In May 1787, the stadholder's troops were defeated by the militia of Utrecht near
1617:
1421:
620:
1842:
1331:
1034:. The government responded by pillaging the towns where the opposition was concentrated. Most Patriots went into exile in France, while
1565:
1030:
The
Patriots continued urging citizens to resist the government by distributing pamphlets, creating "Patriot Clubs" and holding public
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2014:
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also proceeded disastrously for the
Stadtholder's forces, and in the severe winter of 1794/95 a French army under general
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By the end of the 18th century, the
Netherlands found themselves in a deep economic crisis, caused by the devastating
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1951:
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826:) was a time of political, social and cultural turmoil at the end of the 18th century that marked the end of the
729:
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From mid
January 1795 the weather was extremely cold with a lot of snow according to J. Buisman, deel, 6, p. 844
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preparations for defense were made, but there was no actual resistance when the
Prussians arrived. In
1997:
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920:. The people of the Netherlands grew increasingly discontent with the authoritarian regime of the
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Klein, S.R.E. (1995) Patriots Republikanisme. Politieke cultuur in Nederland (1766–1787).
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took over the city governments, and (provisionally) the national government also. The
1518:
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several houses of patriot regents were plundered by mobs. The stadholder returned to
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Verweij, G. (1996) Geschiedenis van Nederland. Levensverhaal van zijn bevolking.
1503:
1441:
1436:
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Danielle Aucoin. The Dutch Patriot Revolution 1780 – 1787:Continuity or Change?
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for help. On September 13 a Prussian army of 20,000 men under the command of
917:
912:. During this time, the banks of the Dutch Republic held much of the world's
677:
662:
568:
45:
2059:
1903:
1258:
1157:. In 1813, the Netherlands regained their independence, with William's son
1015:
was deserted, and the city of Utrecht opened its gates. At the fortress of
687:
548:
936:, who were seeking to reduce the amount of power held by the stadtholder.
1622:
1389:
1340:
1137:
921:
846:
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105:
2007:
1309:
1072:
1027:, and Amsterdam, the last city to hold out, surrendered on October 10.
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1987:
1883:
1303:
Leeb, I.L. (1973) The Ideological Origins of the Batavian Revolution.
1076:
1024:
1020:
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felt he had to flee the country in 1785. He asked his brother-in-law
916:. The government-sponsored banks owned up to 40% of Great Britain's
857:
for help, and in 1787 a relatively small Prussian army restored the
1898:
1463:
1412:
1403:
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of countries in their attempt to subdue the suddenly anti-Austrian
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The restoration was temporary, however. Only two years later, the
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Patriots and Liberators: Revolution in the Netherlands 1780–1813
1038:
strengthened their grip on Dutch government chiefly through the
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The initial period, from about 1780 to 1787, is known as the
1153:
as King of Holland. In 1810, the area was annexed into the
1128:
The Batavian Revolution ended with the proclamation of the
928:. This concentration of wealth led to the formation of the
1088:
authoritarian yoke. The Stadtholder joined the ill-fated
1063:
Beginning of the revolution in Amsterdam, 19 January 1795
1116:, for instance, were abolished and replaced with the
1118:
Provisional Representatives of the People of Holland
2162:
1289:The Prussian Invasion of the Netherlands in 1787
1048:
980:fled his palace in the west of the country for
658:Economic history of the Netherlands (1500–1815)
205:
1325:
1000:on June 28, 1787, she applied to her brother
841:or "Time of the Patriots". The power of the
795:
1566:Charter for the Kingdom of the Netherlands
1332:
1318:
802:
788:
44:
1071:Solumn inauguration of a liberty tree on
965:, while the Orangists held the states of
943:, who supported the stadtholder, and the
191:
1339:
1104:, with a Dutch contingent under general
1066:
1058:
891:
158:
1561:Proclamation of Indonesian Independence
1141:Republic saw its end in 1806, when the
1132:in 1795. William was forced to flee to
2163:
636:constituent country within the kingdom
1313:
939:Thus, a division emerged between the
1114:States of Holland and West Friesland
996:was stopped by patriot militia near
947:who, inspired by the ideals of the
13:
1294:
1188:De Vries and Van der Woude, p. 126
14:
2202:
1272:
934:Joan van der Capellen tot den Pol
16:1781–1795 period in Dutch history
1171:Batavian Revolution in Amsterdam
830:and saw the proclamation of the
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50:Patriot troops, 18 January 1795.
1224:Schama, p. 187; Israel, p. 1120
1002:Frederick William II of Prussia
973:(outside of its capital city).
861:to power with little fighting.
855:Frederick William II of Prussia
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1200:
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1:
1586:Malaysia Airlines Flight MH17
1176:
1043:Laurens Pieter van de Spiegel
932:by a minor Dutch noble named
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371:Prehistory of the Netherlands
103:Abolition of the position of
1123:
1049:Proclamation of the Republic
7:
1164:
243:Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck
10:
2207:
1352:Kingdom of the Netherlands
1098:War of the First Coalition
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683:Whaling in the Netherlands
348:History of the Netherlands
18:
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1978:
1969:
1932:
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19:Not to be confused with
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2025:Decorations and medals
1474:Burgundian Netherlands
1136:, where he issued the
1106:Herman Willem Daendels
1080:
1064:
910:Fourth Anglo-Dutch War
905:
823:
778:Netherlands portal
611:Sovereign Principality
464:Burgundian Netherlands
254:Herman Willem Daendels
2020:Customs and etiquette
1161:as sovereign prince.
1094:French First Republic
1070:
1062:
976:In 1785, stadtholder
895:
824:De Bataafse Revolutie
514:Dutch colonial empire
265:Jean-Charles Pichegru
2186:Atlantic Revolutions
2055:Orders of knighthood
1688:World Heritage Sites
1591:Coronavirus pandemic
1581:European debt crisis
1554:Dutch Liberation Day
1479:Habsburg Netherlands
984:in the east, as the
898:exercitiegenootschap
469:Habsburg Netherlands
312:Frederick William II
38:Atlantic Revolutions
21:Revolt of the Batavi
1663:Mountains and hills
1514:Batavian Revolution
1494:Spanish Netherlands
1489:Seventeen Provinces
1215:Schama, ch. 3 and 4
1197:Schama, pp. 77, 131
1155:First French Empire
998:Goejanverwellesluis
994:Princess Wilhelmina
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591:First French Empire
576:Batavian Revolution
479:Spanish Netherlands
474:Seventeen Provinces
113:democratic republic
111:Establishment of a
31:Batavian Revolution
1914:Telecommunications
1524:Kingdom of Holland
1284:The Patriots, 1787
1233:Schama, pp.188–190
1145:was founded, with
1143:Kingdom of Holland
1081:
1065:
1011:. The fortress of
1009:crossed the border
906:
876:Napoleon Bonaparte
668:Amsterdam EntrepĂ´t
586:Kingdom of Holland
2181:Batavian Republic
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2157:
2125:
2124:
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1964:
1866:
1865:
1843:Political parties
1779:Foreign relations
1701:
1700:
1571:Same-sex marriage
1519:Batavian Republic
1499:Eighty Years' War
1469:Holy Roman Empire
1159:William Frederick
1130:Batavian Republic
1085:French Revolution
1055:Flanders Campaign
1006:Duke of Brunswick
986:States of Holland
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866:French Revolution
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811:
581:Batavian Republic
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459:Holy Roman Empire
454:Lower Lotharingia
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125:Batavian Republic
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1975:
1947:Public transport
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1395:Migration Period
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1102:Charles Pichegru
1079:on 4 March 1795.
1040:Grand Pensionary
961:and the city of
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1576:Great Recession
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886:Main article:
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215:Great Britain
202:
189:
188:Supported by:
186:
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173:
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156:
155:Supported by:
153:
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140:
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34:
29:
26:
22:
2100:Coat of arms
2070:Prostitution
1983:Architecture
1924:Trade unions
1904:Polder model
1889:Central bank
1858:Water boards
1784:Human rights
1774:Homelessness
1744:Demographics
1734:Constitution
1544:World War II
1534:Principality
1513:
1350:Part of the
1262:
1247:
1238:
1229:
1220:
1211:
1202:
1193:
1184:
1149:'s brother,
1127:
1082:
1029:
975:
952:
938:
907:
863:
836:
815:
813:
712:List of wars
688:Polder model
626:World War II
575:
556:List of wars
323:James Harris
270:
234:
227:Lead figures
187:
175:
154:
142:
104:
36:Part of the
25:
2117:Terminology
2065:Pornography
1806:Enforcement
1796:Immigration
1769:Health care
1749:Drug policy
1628:Earthquakes
1623:Delta Works
1484:Renaissance
1390:Cananefates
1341:Netherlands
1138:Kew Letters
922:stadtholder
847:stadtholder
673:Tulip mania
631:Netherlands
532:Cape Colony
528:East Indies
449:Lotharingia
389:Cananefates
127:established
121:Resulted in
106:Stadtholder
2165:Categories
2040:Literature
2030:Irreligion
1838:Parliament
1764:Euthanasia
1739:Corruption
1509:Golden Age
1177:References
1073:Dam Square
1053:See also:
882:Background
864:After the
843:"Patriots"
750:Healthcare
735:Literature
290:Wilhelmina
2035:Languages
1934:Transport
1884:AEX index
1828:Provinces
1811:Law Firms
1759:Elections
1754:Education
1683:Volcanoes
1643:Gas field
1601:Geography
1373:Roman Era
1124:Aftermath
1077:Amsterdam
1036:Orangists
1025:The Hague
1021:Amsterdam
990:Vreeswijk
978:William V
941:Orangists
926:William V
859:Orangists
851:William V
518:evolution
398:Roman era
279:William V
184:Orangists
92:William V
84:Caused by
59:1781–1795
2145:Category
2080:Religion
1993:Cannabis
1909:Taxation
1899:Euronext
1853:Military
1719:Abortion
1707:Politics
1464:Guelders
1447:Flanders
1413:Dorestad
1404:Frisians
1165:See also
1147:Napoleon
982:Nijmegen
967:Guelders
945:Patriots
760:Religion
755:Heraldry
724:Language
604:Monarchy
541:Americas
508:painting
492:Republic
428:Medieval
408:Frisians
339:a series
337:Part of
151:Patriots
64:Location
2136:Outline
2090:Symbols
2003:Cuisine
1971:Culture
1942:Cycling
1919:Tourism
1872:Economy
1818:Monarch
1724:Cabinet
1668:Regions
1658:Mammals
1648:Islands
1460:Brabant
1451:Holland
1417:Utrecht
1382:Chamavi
1360:History
1134:England
1096:. This
1017:Woerden
992:. When
971:Utrecht
963:Utrecht
959:Holland
914:capital
545:Guianas
393:Chamavi
201:Prussia
132:Parties
2150:Portal
2095:Anthem
2060:People
1998:Cinema
1894:Energy
1673:Rivers
1618:Cities
1408:Franks
1400:Saxons
1386:Batavi
1378:Frisii
1265:, 1977
1013:Vianen
702:Topics
549:Brazil
416:Saxons
412:Franks
385:Batavi
381:Frisii
341:on the
212:
198:
168:France
165:
74:
2085:Sport
2050:Music
2045:Media
1653:Lakes
1613:Birds
902:Sneek
820:Dutch
365:Early
98:Goals
2110:Lion
2105:Flag
2008:Wine
1789:LGBT
969:and
896:The
814:The
730:LGBT
56:Date
1988:Art
1801:Law
1075:in
900:of
537:WIC
524:VOC
90:of
2167::
1462:,
1453:,
1449:,
1415:,
1406:,
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1388:,
1384:,
1380:,
1261:,
1120:.
1045:.
924:,
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849:,
834:.
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547:,
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414:,
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383:,
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506:(
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