259:
151:
50:
207:
232:
Overland emigrants discovered smaller groups of 20 to 40 wagons were more manageable than larger ones, especially without professional wagon masters. Many operated under democratic principles, creating bylaws and electing a captain. In reality, a captain had limited authority. His role was largely
236:
Membership of wagon trains was generally fluid and wagons frequently joined or left trains depending on the needs and wishes of their owners. An accident or illness, for instance, might force someone to fall behind and wait for the next train, or an emigrant might "whip up" to overtake a forward
193:
Although "wagon train" suggests a line of wagons, when terrain permitted, wagons would often fan out and travel abreast to minimize the amount of dust blown onto other wagons. Travel by wagon train occurred primarily between the 1840s–1880s, diminishing after completion of the
477:"Life and Death on the Oregon Trail, "Provisions for births and lethal circumstances", OCTA." Oregon-California Trails Association (OCTA) – Oregon Trail History. Oregon-California Trails Association, n.d. Web. 4 Oct. 2013. <
273:
Today, covered wagon trains are used to give an authentic experience for those desiring to explore the West as it was in the days of the pioneers and other groups traveling before modern vehicles were invented.
244:
At night, wagon trains were often formed into a circle or square for shelter from wind or weather, and to corral the emigrants' animals in the center to prevent them from running away or being stolen by
282:
The advent of gunpowder warfare meant that an army could no longer rely solely on foraging in the surrounding countryside, and required a regular supply of munitions. In the 18th century, organized
258:
290:
departments were developed to centralize delivery of supplies. The delivery took the form of "baggage trains", large groups of wagons that traveled at the rear of the main army.
249:. While Native Americans might attempt to raid horses under cover of darkness, they rarely attacked a train. Contrary to popular belief, wagons were seldom circled defensively.
481:
678:
262:
Native
American teams hauling 60 miles (97 km) to market the 1,100 bushels of wheat raised by the school at Seger Colony, Oklahoma Territory,
668:
298:
Westward-bound collective treks are reflected in numerous books, films, and television programs about the journeys. Examples include:
221:
Originally, westward movement began in small groups, but well-funded travelers with 100 or more wagons could employ professional
509:
246:
612:
555:
93:
71:
64:
195:
187:
150:
444:
17:
31:
478:
658:
531:
468:
Brown, Dee
Alexander, and Martin Ferdinand Schmitt. The American West. New York: Scribner, 1994. Print.
642:
603:
58:
30:
This article is about the group of animal-powered vehicles traveling together. For other uses, see
233:
confined to getting everyone moving in the morning and selecting when and where to camp at night.
404:
328:
637:
163:
75:
499:
632:
323:
532:
Oklahoma
Historical Society's Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History & Culture:Washita County
8:
663:
373:
628:
369:
354:
349:
238:
211:
198:. Some remnants of wagon ruts along the well-traveled trails are still visible today.
608:
589:
551:
505:
501:
Stupid
History: Tales of Stupidity, Strangeness, and Mythconceptions Through the Ages
359:
308:
159:
129:
banded together for mutual assistance. Although wagon trains are associated with the
122:
548:
Logistics of
Liberty: American Services of Supply in the Revolutionary War and After
179:
111:
38:
673:
604:
The Plains Across: The
Overland Emigrants and the Trans-Mississippi West, 1840–60
485:
399:
170:
which had a span of over 2,000 mi (3,200 km). Other paths included the
175:
171:
652:
409:
318:
299:
287:
126:
364:
338:
222:
183:
167:
593:
381:
377:
344:
313:
303:
445:"Nine Places Where You Can Still See Wheel Tracks from the Oregon Trail"
283:
479:
http://www.octa-trails.org/learn/people_places/articles_life_death.php
37:"Baggage train" redirects here. For the military use of the term, see
419:
394:
333:
110:
is a group of wagons traveling together. Before the extensive use of
134:
130:
226:
414:
384:(under the pseudonym Dana Fuller Ross) between 1979 and 1989.
125:, settlers traveling across the plains and mountain passes in
137:
of South Africa also traveled in caravans of covered wagons.
215:
206:
237:
train after a quarrel. Some might break away to settle in
550:. Newark: University of Delaware Press. pp. 15–18.
182:(which split southwestward from the Oregon Trail), the
541:
539:
574:
166:. Perhaps the most famous wagon train trail was the
536:
650:
497:
118:followed an army with supplies and ammunition.
586:The California Trail: An Epic With Many Heroes
342:(1950) and the television series it inspired,
145:
158:Wagon trains followed several trails in the
504:. Andrews McMeel Publishing. p. 209.
94:Learn how and when to remove this message
607:. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
257:
205:
154:Pioneers crossing the plains of Nebraska
149:
57:This article includes a list of general
679:Western (genre) staples and terminology
583:
442:
438:
436:
14:
651:
545:
669:History of United States expansionism
600:
579:. London: University of London Press.
443:Billock, Jennifer (October 3, 2016).
433:
241:or other territories along the way.
43:
471:
293:
252:
24:
575:Rutgers van der Loeff, A. (1961).
568:
63:it lacks sufficient corresponding
27:Group of wagons traveling together
25:
690:
622:
498:Gregory, Leland (June 15, 2009).
491:
462:
380:" series of 24 novels written by
277:
214:re-enactment of a wagon train in
48:
201:
196:first transcontinental railroad
140:
525:
13:
1:
426:
263:
577:Children on the Oregon Trail
306:'s silent film based on it,
162:, nearly all originating at
32:Wagon train (disambiguation)
7:
601:Unruh, John D. Jr. (1993).
584:Stewart, George R. (1962).
387:
146:Transit, traces, and trails
10:
695:
36:
29:
588:. New York: McGraw-Hill.
546:Huston, James A. (1991).
643:Encyclopædia Britannica
225:(or trail masters) and
78:more precise citations.
376:based on it; and the "
269:
218:
164:Independence, Missouri
155:
633:Spartacus Educational
324:Robert North Bradbury
261:
209:
153:
449:Smithsonian magazine
484:2013-10-05 at the
370:Andrew V. McLaglen
355:Westward the Women
350:William A. Wellman
302:'s 1922 novel and
270:
239:Colorado Territory
219:
156:
659:American frontier
511:978-0-7407-9210-6
360:A. B. Guthrie Jr.
309:The Covered Wagon
188:Old Spanish Trail
112:military vehicles
104:
103:
96:
16:(Redirected from
686:
618:
597:
580:
562:
561:
543:
534:
529:
523:
522:
520:
518:
495:
489:
475:
469:
466:
460:
459:
457:
455:
440:
294:In popular media
268:
265:
253:Modern-day treks
247:Native Americans
180:California Trail
99:
92:
88:
85:
79:
74:this article by
65:inline citations
52:
51:
44:
39:Train (military)
21:
694:
693:
689:
688:
687:
685:
684:
683:
649:
648:
625:
615:
571:
569:Further reading
566:
565:
558:
544:
537:
530:
526:
516:
514:
512:
496:
492:
486:Wayback Machine
476:
472:
467:
463:
453:
451:
441:
434:
429:
424:
400:Conestoga wagon
390:
296:
280:
271:
266:
255:
204:
148:
143:
100:
89:
83:
80:
70:Please help to
69:
53:
49:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
692:
682:
681:
676:
671:
666:
661:
647:
646:
635:
624:
623:External links
621:
620:
619:
613:
598:
581:
570:
567:
564:
563:
556:
535:
524:
510:
490:
470:
461:
431:
430:
428:
425:
423:
422:
417:
412:
407:
402:
397:
391:
389:
386:
362:'s 1949 novel
295:
292:
279:
278:Baggage trains
276:
256:
254:
251:
203:
200:
176:Chisholm Trail
172:Santa Fe Trail
147:
144:
142:
139:
127:covered wagons
116:baggage trains
102:
101:
56:
54:
47:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
691:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
656:
654:
645:
644:
639:
638:"Wagon train"
636:
634:
630:
627:
626:
616:
614:0-252-06360-0
610:
606:
605:
599:
595:
591:
587:
582:
578:
573:
572:
559:
557:0-87413-381-5
553:
549:
542:
540:
533:
528:
513:
507:
503:
502:
494:
487:
483:
480:
474:
465:
450:
446:
439:
437:
432:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
410:Covered wagon
408:
406:
403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
392:
385:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
366:
361:
357:
356:
351:
348:(1957–1965);
347:
346:
341:
340:
335:
331:
330:
325:
321:
320:
319:The Big Trail
315:
311:
310:
305:
301:
300:Emerson Hough
291:
289:
288:quartermaster
285:
275:
260:
250:
248:
242:
240:
234:
230:
228:
224:
223:wagon masters
217:
213:
208:
199:
197:
191:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
160:American West
152:
138:
136:
132:
128:
124:
123:American West
119:
117:
113:
109:
98:
95:
87:
77:
73:
67:
66:
60:
55:
46:
45:
40:
33:
19:
18:Baggage train
641:
602:
585:
576:
547:
527:
515:. Retrieved
500:
493:
473:
464:
452:. Retrieved
448:
365:The Way West
363:
353:
343:
339:Wagon Master
337:
327:
317:
307:
297:
281:
272:
243:
235:
231:
220:
202:Organization
192:
184:Mormon Trail
168:Oregon Trail
157:
141:In migration
120:
115:
107:
105:
90:
81:
62:
629:Wagon Train
517:December 2,
382:Noel Gerson
378:Wagons West
345:Wagon Train
329:Westward Ho
314:Raoul Walsh
304:James Cruze
267: 1900
212:Pioneer Day
108:wagon train
76:introducing
664:Great Trek
653:Categories
427:References
284:commissary
186:, and the
59:references
420:War wagon
395:Cavalcade
374:1967 film
352:'s film,
334:John Ford
135:Trekboers
482:Archived
388:See also
358:(1951);
332:(1935);
326:'s film
322:(1930);
316:'s film
312:(1923);
227:hostlers
131:Old West
84:May 2012
640:in the
454:May 18,
121:In the
72:improve
674:Wagons
611:
594:479007
592:
554:
508:
415:Laager
405:Convoy
178:, the
174:, the
133:, the
61:, but
488:>.
210:1912
609:ISBN
590:OCLC
552:ISBN
519:2013
506:ISBN
456:2019
368:and
286:and
216:Utah
631:at
372:'s
336:'s
655::
538:^
447:.
435:^
264:c.
229:.
190:.
114:,
106:A
617:.
596:.
560:.
521:.
458:.
97:)
91:(
86:)
82:(
68:.
41:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
