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62:
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83:
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373:(95-90 BCE) was found in the left hand of the woman in tomb VI. The fact that this coin is in gold, and not silver or bronze as is usually the case for Parthian coinage, suggest that this imitation was made for prestige purposes. The coin is counterstamped with the frontal depiction of what might have been a local chieftain. The counterstamp was added so as to not damage the portrait of the Parthian king, perhaps indicating some degree of dependency on the Parthians.
2994:
891:
903:
860:
2983:
824:
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38:
1457:" Coins found in the graves include an aureus of the emperor Tiberius (16-21 A.C.), a gold minted coin which appears to be a local imitation of a Parthian coin (first half of the first century B.C.), a gold coin of undetermined Indian origin, a silver coin of Mithradates II (123-88 B.C.) and finally a Parthian silver coin of Phraates IV with the legend Sapaleizis, who is considered to be one of the Yueh-chih rulers. " in
836:
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1114:
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1627:"Il semble qu'on ait là la plus ancienne représentation du Buddha, selon une modalité qui n'est pas encore celle de l'iconograhie boudhique traditionnelle" (French): "It seems this might be the earliest representation of the Buddha, in a style which is not yet that of traditional Buddhist iconography", in
272:
The hoard is a collection of about 20,600 ornaments, coins and other kinds of artifacts, made of gold, silver, ivory, etc., that were found in six burial mounds erected for five women and one man, with extremely rich jewelry, dated to around the 1st century BCE-1st century CE. The ornaments include
489:. Several of the artifacts are highly consistent with a Scythian origin, such as the royal crown or the polylobed decorated daggers discovered in the tombs. Several of the bodies exhibited ritual deformation of the skull, a practice which is well documented among Central Asian nomads of the period.
621:
had to issue a decree authorizing the attorney general to go ahead with safecracking. But in time, the five key-holders were successfully assembled and the vault opened. Since then, the
National Geographic Society has catalogued the collection, which appears to be complete – 22,000 objects. Also
685:
Some of the most spectacular finds were a part of the traveling exhibition titled "Afghanistan: Hidden
Treasures From the National Museum, Kabul" or "Afghanistan: Crossroads of the Ancient World" which were first on displayed in December 2006 in France’s
1744:
These graves at Tillya Tepe were initially regarded by the excavator as belonging to Yuezhi or Kushan nobility, but they are most likely to be tombs of a local tribal chief and his family who had strong connections with the Sakā cultures of
Central
637:, the collection was evaluated and displayed internationally in an exhibition through the cooperation of several prominent museums and the National Geographic Society. Objects were on display from 2007-2009 variously at the
1640:"Judging by the richness of the grave goods, the cemetery belonged to one of the major Kushan princely families, possibly the richest and most influential, perhaps that of the founder of the Great Kushan empire". in
617:
In 2003, after the
Taliban was deposed, the new government wanted to open the vault, but the keyholders (called "tawadars") could not be summoned because their names were purposefully unknown.
603:
having been looted numerous times resulting in a loss of 70% of the 100,000 objects on display. In 2003, however, it was found in secret vaults under the central bank building in Kabul.
447:) rolling a wheel. The legend in Kharoshthi reads "Dharmacakrapravata" ("The one who turned the Wheel of the Law"). It has been suggested that this may be an early representation of the
289:. After its discovery, the hoard went missing during the wars in Afghanistan, until it was "rediscovered" and first brought to public attention again in 2003. A new museum in
1399:
320:
Several coins dated up to the early 1st century CE, with none dated later, suggest a 1st-century CE date for the burial. The coins found in the excavations belonged to
770:
3111:
623:
874:
3024:
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3152:
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Fredrik
Hiebert and Pierre Cambon, eds. Afghanistan: Hidden Treasures from the National Museum, Kabul. Washington DC: National Geographic, 2007.
2732:
380:. On the reverse is an enthroned, sumptuously draped female figure holding a spray and scepter. Coins of this type were minted in the city of
711:
4998:
161:
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332:(20 BCE - 20 CE). The burial could correspond to Scythian or Parthian tribes dwelling in the area. More probably, they belonged to the
926:
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1967:
994:
54:
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Reconstitution of two members of the Tillya Tepe burial, with corresponding artifacts: man (r. tomb IV) and woman (l. tomb II).
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legend "Sih vigatabhay" ("The lion who dispelled fear"). The obverse shows an almost naked man only wearing an
Hellenistic
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254:
110:
3091:
4515:
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in
Washington, D.C. from May 25 to Sept. 7th, 2008; from Oct. 24th, 2008 to Jan. 25th, 2009 the collection was at the
423:
A Buddhist gold coin from India was also found in tomb IV (the male warrior). On the reverse it depicts a lion with a
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ones (decorated ivory plates). This seems to be a testimony to the richness of cultural influences in the area of
4947:
4937:
4525:
3795:
3175:
3010:
2986:
2967:
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3041:, Metropolitan Museum of Art symposia, eds. Joan Aruz, Elisabetta Valtz Fino, 2012, Metropolitan Museum of Art,
82:
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17:
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in Kabul. The doors of the vault were locked with keys which were distributed to five trusted individuals.
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A gold coin was also found in tomb III showing the bust in profile of the wreath-crowned Roman
Emperor
4927:
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4011:
3305:
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2113:
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In August 2021, the
Taliban took control of Kabul, and the treasure is apparently missing yet again.
735:
396:
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1584:
847:
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4031:
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1826:. Eva Myrdal, Birgitta Hansson Sidvall, Etnografiska museet. Stockholm: Etnografiska museet. 2011.
525:
366:–88 BCE. The coin was found in tomb III, and was apparently held in the hand of the buried woman.
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By 2020, the displays brought in over 350 million Afs ($ 4.5 million) for
Afghanistan. In 2021,
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cultural and artistic influences can be found in many of the forms and human depictions (from
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8:
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in Germany from June 11, 2010 to January 2, 2011, from March 3, 2011 to July 3, 2011 the
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2038:(2008). Eds., Friedrik Hiebert and Pierre Cambon. National Geographic, Washington, D.C.
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The artifacts were also intermixed with items coming from much farther, such as a few
391:
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The Golden Hoard of Bactria: From the Tillya-tepe Excavations in Northern Afghanistan
1524:
1500:
1480:
1435:
727:
606:
In 1989 following a committee decision, the last Communist president of Afghanistan,
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3365:
2860:
2497:
2427:
2133:
1985:
1655:
1598:
1472:
802:
723:
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in Paris. The exhibition supported by The National Geographic has also been to the
627:
622:
witnessing the re-opening were National Geographic Explorer and Archaeology Fellow
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560:
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Finally, a very worn coin has been identified as belonging to the Yuezhi chieftain
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242:
214:
1024:
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3250:
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in Gatineau-Ottawa held the exhibition from October 23, 2009, to March 28, 2010;
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486:
278:
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348:. They correspond to a time when the Yuezhis had not yet encountered Buddhism.
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3654:
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3460:
3450:
3410:
3195:
2622:
2547:
2537:
2457:
2437:
2367:
2273:
2223:
1870:"Afghanistan: Treasures from the National Museum, Kabul|The Palace Museum"
1230:
1200:
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537:
482:
325:
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1841:
1714:
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1484:
1285:
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1008:
742:
from April 12 to June 19, 2016 and later from May 17 to June 17, 2017 at the
722:, Stockholm. From 22 March to 28 July, 2013, the exhibition was shown at the
674:
658:
650:
470:
345:
176:
163:
300:, just five kilometres to the northeast of modern Sheberghan on the road to
4408:
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4122:
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4016:
3911:
3828:
3818:
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3125:
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2527:
2357:
2018:
Sarianidi, Victor. 1990–1992. "Tilya Tepe: The Burial of a Noble Warrior."
1923:
1360:
1345:
1315:
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had ordered the hoard moved from the museum to an underground vault at the
506:
412:
408:
312:
258:
250:
3130:
1821:
548:
in the same area until around 140 BCE, and the continued existence of the
509:
gold artifacts recovered thousands of kilometers west on the banks of the
304:, is only half a kilometre from the now-famous necropolis of Tillia-tepe.
4690:
4500:
4433:
4385:
4350:
4325:
4290:
4280:
4270:
4265:
4220:
4200:
4192:
4021:
4006:
3956:
3946:
3901:
3858:
3634:
3629:
3594:
3395:
3350:
3290:
2865:
2792:
2327:
2282:
1990:
1973:
970:
773:
announced that the gold will be sent abroad for display and safekeeping.
734:
from 6 March to 1 June 2014, and from July 5 to November 16, 2014 at the
552:
in the northwestern Indian sub-continent until the beginning of our era.
297:
238:
234:
149:
2025:"Afghanistan, les trésors retrouvés", Musée des arts asiatiques Guimet,
1974:"The Saka 'Animal Style' in Context: Material, Technology, Form and Use"
1722:
1698:
762:
also saw displays. Later on, the travelling exhibition continued at the
599:
The hoard was thought to have been lost at some point in the 1990s, the
4380:
4205:
4137:
4132:
4059:
4041:
4001:
3986:
3966:
3931:
3916:
3878:
3868:
3853:
3843:
3810:
3697:
3624:
3400:
3300:
3230:
2880:
2855:
2850:
2507:
2447:
2302:
1300:
1104:
974:
521:
459:
428:
370:
329:
246:
3584:
2013:
1675:
1643:
1492:
1460:
497:
4300:
4250:
4182:
4117:
4064:
4054:
4026:
3961:
3906:
3896:
3833:
3823:
3669:
3546:
3506:
3435:
3285:
2820:
2517:
2263:
798:
759:
510:
478:
424:
282:
1737:
37:
4360:
4340:
3941:
3765:
3679:
3614:
3385:
3105:
2840:
2049:"L'Or De La Bactriane Fouilles De La Necropole De Tillia-Tepe." En
1659:
1563:
1476:
1185:
948:
933:
588:
381:
377:
351:
A silver coin was found in one of the tombs from the reigns of the
321:
274:
293:
is being planned where the Bactrian gold will eventually be kept.
4240:
4235:
4177:
4112:
3996:
3981:
3848:
3725:
3715:
3664:
3270:
2835:
2387:
952:
666:
564:
455:
436:
432:
404:
400:
352:
337:
4142:
4074:
3705:
3639:
3551:
3265:
2875:
2830:
881:
634:
583:
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artifacts (especially Chinese bronze mirrors) as well as a few
533:
466:
448:
440:
333:
4576:
3971:
3863:
3790:
3740:
3589:
3235:
2143:
2036:
Afghanistan: Hidden Treasures from the National Museum, Kabul
1897:
Afghanistan: Hidden Treasures from the National Museum, Kabul
865:
751:
642:
529:
474:
301:
290:
4395:
4157:
3205:
385:
1766:
880:
Rings from Tillia tepe; the left one represents a seated
633:
Following an agreement between the Afghan government and
3122:"Parthian Aspects of Objects from Grave IV, Tillya Tepe"
3092:"Afghanistan: Nation Protects Storied Bactrian Treasure"
465:
It is thought that the site most likely belonged to the
3076:
Afghanistan: Hidden Treasures from the National Museum
3039:
Afghanistan: Forging Civilizations Along the Silk Road
1736:
Pankova, Svetlana; Simpson, St John (1 January 2017).
626:
and the archaeologist who originally found the hoard,
228:
1924:"Bactrian Gold Sent Abroad for Display, Safekeeping"
1762:"Afghan gold: How the country's heritage was saved"
233:, literally "Golden Hill" or "Golden Mound") is an
1884:"Hidden Treasures from the National Museum, Kabul"
1696:
1520:On the Cusp of an Era: Art in the Pre-Kuṣāṇa World
1431:On the Cusp of an Era: Art in the Pre-Kuṣāṇa World
698:; from February 22 to May 17, 2009 it traveled to
718:in London, and from November 2011 to March 2012,
505:These pieces have much in common with the famous
4980:
2012:, Vol. 84, No. 2 (Apr., 1980), pp. 125–131.
2008:Sarianidi, V. I. "The Treasure of Golden Hill."
1910:"news.gov.hk - Afghan treasures to be exhibited"
481:), who were later to migrate to India, known as
473:). Alternatively, it could have belonged to the
1755:
1753:
920:Men in armor, in Greek fighting gear. Tomb III.
746:in Beijing. The exhibition also has toured the
730:from 5 September, 2013 - 27 January, 2014, the
1735:
1557:
1555:
1553:
265:. The hoard found there is often known as the
4592:
3146:
3098:, June 9, 2006 – provides an overview.
3062:A photograph of the Tillya Tepe burial ground
3018:
1400:
766:from November 16, 2019 to February 10, 2020.
706:, New York from June 23 to Sept. 20th, 2009;
1972:Amir, Saltanat; Roberts, Rebecca C. (2023).
1948:"Taliban announce hunt for ancient treasure"
1750:
973:(to scale), and tumuli of Tillya Tepe, near
501:Hellenistic tritons with dolphins (Tomb I.).
3160:
3067:"An overview of the burials at Tillya tepe"
1971:
1697:PUGACHENKOVA, G. A.; REMPEL, L. I. (1991).
1550:
4599:
4585:
3153:
3139:
3025:
3011:
1604:History of Central Asia, The: 4-volume set
1516:
1427:
1407:
1393:
4464:Murals from the Christian temple at Qocho
3112:"Lost Treasures of Afghanistan Revealed "
3078:, National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC
1989:
1641:
1458:
2053:, Leningrad, Editions d'art Aurora, 1985
964:
582:
574:
570:
540:), attributable to the existence of the
496:
390:
369:An imitation gold coin of Parthian King
311:
4311:Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex
3201:Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex
1742:. British Museum. p. 66, Item 25.
936:" polylobed decorated daggers. Tomb IV.
439:hat (an iconography similar to that of
419:in a yet non-canonical representation".
14:
5014:Former populated places in Afghanistan
4981:
4566:Siberian Collection of Peter the Great
1759:
1739:Scythians: warriors of ancient Siberia
1597:
1512:
1510:
492:
4580:
3134:
1564:"Miscellanies about the Buddha Image"
1453:
1451:
868:riding on fish, Tillia tepe. Tomb II.
2014:"The Treasure of Golden Hill", JSTOR
307:
4999:Archaeological sites in Afghanistan
4521:Kandahar Bilingual Rock Inscription
3124:, Sara Peterson, 2011 - 2012, from
3102:"Afghan golden treasure on display"
1517:Srinivasan, Doris (30 April 2007).
1507:
1145:
328:(123-88 BCE), and the Yuezhi ruler
218:
117:
89:
61:
24:
5029:Afghanistan–Soviet Union relations
4516:Pul-i-Darunteh Aramaic inscription
3517:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
3087:Afghanistan, les trésors retrouvés
2057:
1561:
1448:
1097:
591:(or the syncretic Iranian goddess
579:A ram figurine found in the hoard.
25:
5045:
3927:Desert castles of ancient Khorezm
3085:by Musée Guimet (Paris, France):
3055:
1823:Afghanistan : mitt i världen
1760:Lawson, Alastair (1 March 2011).
1629:Afghanistan, les trésors retouvés
738:in Perth and later toured at the
696:Asian Art Museum of San Francisco
42:Crown from Tomb VI (female owner)
4963:
4628:
2992:
2982:
2981:
2086:
1798:"Afghanistan :: 2011-11-12"
1144:
1128:
1112:
1096:
1080:
1065:
1064:
1048:
1032:
1016:
1000:
993:
941:
925:
913:
901:
889:
873:
858:
846:
834:
822:
810:
791:
595:/ Nanaia) riding a lion. Tomb IV
587:Golden belt, with depictions of
524:pervades the findings, however.
116:
109:
88:
81:
60:
53:
36:
5034:1978 archaeological discoveries
4948:List of hoards in North America
4606:
4526:Kandahar Greek Edicts of Ashoka
3796:Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi
2010:American Journal of Archaeology
1961:
1940:
1916:
1902:
1890:
1876:
1862:
1814:
1790:
1781:
1729:
1648:American Journal of Archaeology
1465:American Journal of Archaeology
1113:
1033:
708:Canadian Museum of Civilization
532:to rings with the depiction of
277:set with semi-precious stones,
4561:Boar hunter (Hermitage Museum)
4506:Aramaic Inscription of Laghman
3037:Francfort, Henri-Paul et al.,
2022:, 1990–1992, pp. 103–130.
1703:Bulletin of the Asia Institute
1690:
1634:
1621:
1591:
1537:
1421:
1129:
1081:
1017:
1001:
908:"Kings with dragons". Tomb II.
732:Art Gallery of New South Wales
680:
601:National Museum of Afghanistan
296:The heavily fortified town of
27:Archaeological site in Jowzjan
13:
1:
3512:Silk Road transmission of art
2002:
1968:Image file with complete data
1644:"The Treasure of Golden Hill"
1461:"The Treasure of Golden Hill"
1365:
1350:
1335:
1320:
1305:
1290:
1275:
1250:
1235:
1220:
1205:
1190:
1175:
1049:
399:, with a naked deity wearing
360:
69:Shown within Continental Asia
5019:Iranian archaeological sites
4511:Kandahar Aramaic inscription
3108:South Asia, December 6, 2006
3069:, Sara Peterson, 2018, from
1547:. Harry N. Abrams, New York.
817:Statuette of winged figurine
72:Show map of Continental Asia
7:
5009:History of Jowzjan Province
2958:Hindu and Buddhist heritage
2768:Transitional Administration
2338:Principality of Chaghaniyan
764:Hong Kong Museum of History
612:Central Bank of Afghanistan
344:and before the rise of the
229:
10:
5050:
4626:
2814:Related historical regions
1428:Srinivasan, Doris (2007).
784:
704:Metropolitan Museum of Art
671:Metropolitan Museum of Art
536:and her name inscribed in
4960:
4920:
4904:
4897:
4871:
4855:
4839:
4823:
4802:
4786:
4765:
4749:
4653:
4637:
4612:
4426:
4394:
4191:
4098:
4040:
4012:Siypantosh Rock Paintings
3877:
3809:
3696:
3678:
3575:
3537:
3530:
3494:
3168:
2114:Indus Valley civilisation
2051:Afghanistan Septentrional
1642:Sarianidi, V. I. (1980).
1607:. Bloomsbury Publishing.
1543:Sarianidi, Victor. 1985.
1459:Sarianidi, V. I. (1980).
853:Decorative stars. Tomb I.
736:Western Australian Museum
415:. This is "most probably
397:Tillya Tepe Buddhist coin
249:, excavated in 1978 by a
192:
155:
145:
137:
125:Tillya Tepe (Afghanistan)
47:
35:
4994:Archaeological artifacts
4459:Mogao Christian painting
4032:Zarautsoy Rock Paintings
3746:Petroglyphs of Arpa-Uzen
3736:Merke Turkic Sanctuaries
2633:Principality of Qandahar
1143:
1127:
1111:
1095:
1079:
1063:
1047:
1031:
1015:
999:
960:
388:, between 16 and 21 CE.
4556:Saksanokhur gold buckle
4444:Hephthalite silver bowl
4321:Chakhil-i-Ghoundi Stupa
3361:Second Turkic Khaganate
3162:History of Central Asia
3083:Afghanistan's Treasures
1699:"Gold from Tillia-tepe"
955:riding a lion. Tomb VI.
805:. Tomb II, Tillia tepe.
776:
700:The Museum of Fine Arts
692:National Gallery of Art
647:National Gallery of Art
128:Show map of Afghanistan
4536:Stamp seal (BM 119999)
4296:Alexandria Prophthasia
3321:First Turkic Khaganate
3256:Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
3051:fully available online
2999:Afghanistan portal
2936:List of heads of state
2194:Greco-Bactrian kingdom
1854:: CS1 maint: others (
1579:Cite journal requires
978:
748:Museum of Oriental Art
702:, Houston then to the
596:
580:
546:Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
502:
420:
342:Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
340:after the fall of the
317:
4912:Metal detecting finds
4346:Gawhar Shad Mausoleum
3721:Karsakpay inscription
3176:Mal'ta–Buret' culture
3081:Website dedicated to
2244:Indo-Parthian kingdom
2224:Indo-Scythian kingdom
1523:. BRILL. p. 16.
1434:. BRILL. p. 16.
1265:7th-5th centuries BCE
969:Circular fortress of
968:
771:Mohammad Tahir Zuhair
740:Tokyo National Museum
720:Museum of Ethnography
586:
578:
571:Loss and re-discovery
500:
394:
315:
237:site in the northern
177:36.69444°N 65.78944°E
138:Alternative name
97:Tillya Tepe (Bactria)
4884:Great Kentucky Hoard
4879:Baltimore Gold Hoard
4847:Pietroasele Treasure
4736:Wickham Market Hoard
4731:West Yorkshire Hoard
4153:Kutlug Timur Minaret
3688:Noin-Ula burial site
3486:Chinese Central Asia
1991:10.3390/arts12010023
485:, or to the Eastern
4989:Tells (archaeology)
4970:minerals portal
4721:Staffordshire Hoard
4701:Milton Keynes Hoard
4686:Herefordshire hoard
4546:Siberian Ice Maiden
4336:Dokhtar-i-Noshirwan
3751:Petrovka settlement
3481:Soviet Central Asia
3406:Great Seljuq Empire
3118:, November 17, 2004
3116:National Geographic
2703:Democratic Republic
1950:. 23 September 2021
1802:collections.smvk.se
663:Museum of Fine Arts
608:Mohammad Najibullah
493:Cultural influences
173: /
100:Show map of Bactria
32:
4889:Saddle Ridge Hoard
4681:Ellerby Area Hoard
4496:Buddhas of Bamiyan
4449:Chilek silver bowl
4316:Buddhas of Bamiyan
3992:Obi-Rakhmat Grotto
3781:Talapty Settlement
3567:Filippovka kurgans
3456:Khanate of Bukhara
3416:Khwarazmian Empire
3341:Ikhshids of Sogdia
3186:Afanasievo culture
2906:Political violence
2713:Tanai coup attempt
2348:Rashidun Caliphate
2293:Hephthalite Empire
2214:Indo-Greek kingdom
1899:(2008), pp. 18-19.
1369: 400-200 BCE
1309: 600-400 BCE
1294: 600-400 BCE
1279: 600-400 BCE
979:
896:Necklace. Tomb II.
829:Cloth decorations.
726:, followed by the
597:
581:
550:Indo-Greek Kingdom
503:
462:(20 BCE - 20 CE).
421:
318:
182:36.69444; 65.78944
30:
4976:
4975:
4956:
4955:
4711:Shillington Hoard
4706:Morvah Gold Hoard
4574:
4573:
4551:Ai-Khanoum plaque
4422:
4421:
4226:Chakhil-i-Ghoundi
3502:Central Asian art
3476:Russian Turkestan
3471:Chinese Turkestan
3371:Abbasid Caliphate
3335:Anxi Protectorate
3281:Kushano-Sasanians
3246:Macedonian Empire
3241:Achaemenid Empire
3211:Andronovo culture
3191:Sintashta culture
3096:Radio Free Europe
3049:, 9781588394521,
3035:
3034:
2926:Afghan (ethnonym)
2901:Political history
2805:
2804:
2653:Saqqawist Emirate
2603:Sadozai Sultanate
2556:
2555:
2342:7th–8th centuries
2311:
2310:
2164:Macedonian Empire
2154:Achaemenid Empire
2124:Oxus civilization
2044:978-1-4262-0374-9
1833:978-91-85344-63-5
1614:978-1-83860-868-2
1601:(18 April 2018).
1599:Baumer, Christoph
1530:978-90-474-2049-1
1417:
1416:
1384:
1383:
728:Queensland Museum
308:Dates and context
227:
200:
199:
16:(Redirected from
5041:
4968:
4967:
4966:
4902:
4901:
4831:Ophel gold hoard
4778:Trier Gold Hoard
4773:Eberswalde Hoard
4741:Winchester Hoard
4716:Snettisham Hoard
4632:
4601:
4594:
4587:
4578:
4577:
4541:Seal of Khingila
4469:Penjikent murals
4090:Kalai Kafirnigan
3977:Koi Krylgan Kala
3786:Turkistan (city)
3771:Steppe Geoglyphs
3535:
3534:
3466:Khanate of Khiva
3426:Chagatai Khanate
3381:Saffarid dynasty
3366:Uyghur Khaganate
3155:
3148:
3141:
3132:
3131:
3027:
3020:
3013:
2997:
2996:
2995:
2985:
2984:
2968:Muslim conquests
2953:Hinduism history
2916:Economic history
2800:
2778:Islamic Republic
2569:
2568:
2498:Chagatai Khanate
2324:
2323:
2264:Kidarite kingdom
2134:Gandhara kingdom
2110:
2109:
2090:
2080:
2062:
2061:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1965:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1955:
1944:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1934:
1920:
1914:
1913:
1906:
1900:
1894:
1888:
1887:
1880:
1874:
1873:
1866:
1860:
1859:
1853:
1845:
1818:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1808:
1794:
1788:
1785:
1779:
1778:
1776:
1774:
1757:
1748:
1747:
1733:
1727:
1726:
1694:
1688:
1687:
1638:
1632:
1625:
1619:
1618:
1595:
1589:
1588:
1582:
1577:
1575:
1567:
1559:
1548:
1541:
1535:
1534:
1514:
1505:
1504:
1455:
1446:
1445:
1425:
1409:
1402:
1395:
1370:
1367:
1355:
1352:
1340:
1337:
1325:
1322:
1310:
1307:
1295:
1292:
1280:
1277:
1255:
1252:
1240:
1237:
1225:
1222:
1210:
1207:
1195:
1192:
1180:
1177:
1167:
1166:
1148:
1147:
1132:
1131:
1116:
1115:
1100:
1099:
1084:
1083:
1068:
1067:
1052:
1051:
1036:
1035:
1020:
1019:
1004:
1003:
997:
981:
980:
945:
929:
917:
905:
893:
877:
862:
850:
838:
826:
814:
795:
724:Melbourne Museum
655:Asian Art Museum
628:Viktor Sarianidi
520:A high cultural
417:Buddha Sakyamuni
409:Wheel of the Law
407:hat pushing the
365:
362:
263:Viktor Sarianidi
257:team led by the
232:
222:
220:
188:
187:
185:
184:
183:
178:
174:
171:
170:
169:
166:
129:
120:
119:
113:
101:
92:
91:
85:
73:
64:
63:
57:
40:
33:
29:
21:
5049:
5048:
5044:
5043:
5042:
5040:
5039:
5038:
4979:
4978:
4977:
4972:
4964:
4962:
4952:
4933:Channel Islands
4916:
4905:Metal detecting
4893:
4867:
4851:
4835:
4819:
4815:Coggalbeg hoard
4798:
4794:Aegina Treasure
4782:
4761:
4745:
4671:Corbridge Hoard
4666:Cheapside Hoard
4649:
4645:Grouville Hoard
4638:Channel Islands
4633:
4624:
4608:
4605:
4575:
4570:
4531:Afrasiab murals
4474:Sampul tapestry
4418:
4414:Shahr-e Sukhteh
4404:Bandian complex
4390:
4366:Musalla Complex
4246:Tapa-i Kafariha
4187:
4108:Cave of Dzhebel
4094:
4036:
3873:
3805:
3801:Araltobe kurgan
3692:
3674:
3600:Kizilgaha caves
3571:
3557:Pazyryk burials
3539:Southern Russia
3526:
3490:
3376:Tahirid dynasty
3346:Tokhara Yabghus
3251:Seleucid Empire
3226:Pazyryk culture
3181:Yamnaya culture
3164:
3159:
3058:
3031:
2993:
2991:
2974:
2973:
2972:
2895:
2887:
2886:
2885:
2815:
2807:
2806:
2798:
2793:Islamic Emirate
2733:Islamic Emirate
2693:Saur Revolution
2566:
2558:
2557:
2488:Mongol Invasion
2462:before 879–1215
2321:
2313:
2312:
2254:Sasanian Empire
2238:135 BC – 248 AD
2204:Parthian Empire
2174:Seleucid Empire
2107:
2078:
2071:
2060:
2058:Further reading
2005:
2000:
1999:
1966:
1962:
1953:
1951:
1946:
1945:
1941:
1932:
1930:
1922:
1921:
1917:
1908:
1907:
1903:
1895:
1891:
1882:
1881:
1877:
1868:
1867:
1863:
1847:
1846:
1834:
1820:
1819:
1815:
1806:
1804:
1796:
1795:
1791:
1786:
1782:
1772:
1770:
1758:
1751:
1734:
1730:
1695:
1691:
1639:
1635:
1626:
1622:
1615:
1596:
1592:
1580:
1578:
1569:
1568:
1562:Miyaji, Akira.
1560:
1551:
1542:
1538:
1531:
1515:
1508:
1456:
1449:
1442:
1426:
1422:
1413:
1380:1st century BCE
1368:
1353:
1338:
1323:
1308:
1293:
1278:
1253:
1238:
1223:
1208:
1193:
1178:
1161:
1160:
1159:
1158:
1157:
1156:
1155:
1149:
1141:
1140:
1139:
1133:
1125:
1124:
1123:
1117:
1109:
1108:
1107:
1101:
1093:
1092:
1091:
1085:
1077:
1076:
1075:
1069:
1061:
1060:
1059:
1053:
1045:
1044:
1043:
1037:
1029:
1028:
1027:
1021:
1013:
1012:
1011:
1005:
963:
956:
946:
937:
930:
921:
918:
909:
906:
897:
894:
885:
878:
869:
863:
854:
851:
842:
839:
830:
827:
818:
815:
806:
796:
787:
779:
683:
624:Fredrik Hiebert
573:
542:Seleucid empire
495:
363:
310:
181:
179:
175:
172:
167:
164:
162:
160:
159:
133:
132:
131:
130:
127:
126:
123:
122:
121:
104:
103:
102:
99:
98:
95:
94:
93:
76:
75:
74:
71:
70:
67:
66:
65:
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5047:
5037:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4974:
4973:
4961:
4958:
4957:
4954:
4953:
4951:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4924:
4922:
4918:
4917:
4915:
4914:
4908:
4906:
4899:
4895:
4894:
4892:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4875:
4873:
4869:
4868:
4866:
4865:
4863:Stirling torcs
4859:
4857:
4853:
4852:
4850:
4849:
4843:
4841:
4837:
4836:
4834:
4833:
4827:
4825:
4821:
4820:
4818:
4817:
4812:
4810:Broighter Gold
4806:
4804:
4800:
4799:
4797:
4796:
4790:
4788:
4784:
4783:
4781:
4780:
4775:
4769:
4767:
4763:
4762:
4760:
4759:
4753:
4751:
4747:
4746:
4744:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4726:Thetford Hoard
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4676:Crondall Hoard
4673:
4668:
4663:
4657:
4655:
4651:
4650:
4648:
4647:
4641:
4639:
4635:
4634:
4627:
4625:
4623:
4622:
4616:
4614:
4610:
4609:
4604:
4603:
4596:
4589:
4581:
4572:
4571:
4569:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4491:Bimaran Casket
4488:
4483:
4480:Sogdian Daēnās
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4454:Gardez Ganesha
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4430:
4428:
4424:
4423:
4420:
4419:
4417:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4400:
4398:
4392:
4391:
4389:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4276:Takht-e Rostam
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4211:Dilberjin Tepe
4208:
4203:
4197:
4195:
4189:
4188:
4186:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4104:
4102:
4096:
4095:
4093:
4092:
4087:
4085:Takht-i Sangin
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4046:
4044:
4038:
4037:
4035:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3937:Guldursun-Kala
3934:
3929:
3924:
3922:Dalverzin Tepe
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3892:Akchakhan-Kala
3889:
3883:
3881:
3875:
3874:
3872:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3815:
3813:
3807:
3806:
3804:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3702:
3700:
3694:
3693:
3691:
3690:
3684:
3682:
3676:
3675:
3673:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3650:Dunhuang Caves
3647:
3645:Bezeklik Caves
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3610:Subashi Temple
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3581:
3579:
3573:
3572:
3570:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3543:
3541:
3532:
3528:
3527:
3525:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3498:
3496:
3492:
3491:
3489:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3461:Durrani Empire
3458:
3453:
3451:Timurid Empire
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3196:Vakhsh culture
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3172:
3170:
3166:
3165:
3158:
3157:
3150:
3143:
3135:
3129:
3128:
3119:
3109:
3099:
3089:
3079:
3073:
3064:
3057:
3056:External links
3054:
3053:
3033:
3032:
3030:
3029:
3022:
3015:
3007:
3004:
3003:
3002:
3001:
2989:
2976:
2975:
2971:
2970:
2965:
2963:Jewish history
2960:
2955:
2950:
2949:
2948:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2897:
2896:
2894:Related topics
2893:
2892:
2889:
2888:
2884:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2817:
2816:
2813:
2812:
2809:
2808:
2803:
2802:
2796:
2789:
2788:
2785:
2774:
2773:
2770:
2760:
2759:
2756:
2749:
2748:
2745:
2739:
2738:
2735:
2729:
2728:
2725:
2719:
2718:
2715:
2709:
2708:
2705:
2699:
2698:
2695:
2689:
2688:
2685:
2679:
2678:
2675:
2669:
2668:
2665:
2659:
2658:
2655:
2649:
2648:
2645:
2639:
2638:
2635:
2629:
2628:
2625:
2623:Durrani Empire
2619:
2618:
2615:
2609:
2608:
2605:
2599:
2598:
2595:
2589:
2588:
2585:
2579:
2578:
2575:
2567:
2564:
2563:
2560:
2559:
2554:
2553:
2550:
2544:
2543:
2540:
2534:
2533:
2530:
2524:
2523:
2520:
2514:
2513:
2510:
2504:
2503:
2500:
2494:
2493:
2490:
2484:
2483:
2480:
2474:
2473:
2470:
2464:
2463:
2460:
2454:
2453:
2450:
2444:
2443:
2440:
2434:
2433:
2430:
2424:
2423:
2420:
2414:
2413:
2410:
2404:
2403:
2400:
2394:
2393:
2390:
2384:
2383:
2380:
2374:
2373:
2370:
2368:Tibetan Empire
2364:
2363:
2360:
2354:
2353:
2350:
2344:
2343:
2340:
2334:
2333:
2330:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2315:
2314:
2309:
2308:
2305:
2299:
2298:
2295:
2289:
2288:
2285:
2279:
2278:
2276:
2270:
2269:
2266:
2260:
2259:
2256:
2250:
2249:
2248:20 BC – 50? AD
2246:
2240:
2239:
2236:
2230:
2229:
2226:
2220:
2219:
2216:
2210:
2209:
2206:
2200:
2199:
2196:
2190:
2189:
2186:
2180:
2179:
2176:
2170:
2169:
2166:
2160:
2159:
2156:
2150:
2149:
2146:
2140:
2139:
2136:
2130:
2129:
2126:
2120:
2119:
2116:
2108:
2103:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2092:
2091:
2083:
2082:
2073:
2072:
2065:
2059:
2056:
2055:
2054:
2047:
2033:
2023:
2016:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1960:
1939:
1915:
1901:
1889:
1875:
1861:
1832:
1813:
1789:
1780:
1749:
1728:
1689:
1660:10.2307/504260
1633:
1620:
1613:
1590:
1581:|journal=
1549:
1536:
1529:
1506:
1477:10.2307/504260
1447:
1440:
1419:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1412:
1411:
1404:
1397:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1378:
1372:
1371:
1363:
1357:
1356:
1354: 300 BCE
1348:
1342:
1341:
1339: 300 BCE
1333:
1327:
1326:
1324: 350 BCE
1318:
1312:
1311:
1303:
1297:
1296:
1288:
1282:
1281:
1273:
1267:
1266:
1263:
1257:
1256:
1254: 500 BCE
1248:
1242:
1241:
1239: 500 BCE
1233:
1227:
1226:
1224: 550 BCE
1218:
1212:
1211:
1209: 650 BCE
1203:
1197:
1196:
1194: 700 BCE
1188:
1182:
1181:
1179: 800 BCE
1173:
1163:
1162:
1151:
1150:
1142:
1135:
1134:
1126:
1119:
1118:
1110:
1103:
1102:
1094:
1087:
1086:
1078:
1071:
1070:
1062:
1055:
1054:
1046:
1039:
1038:
1030:
1023:
1022:
1014:
1007:
1006:
998:
992:
991:
990:
989:
986:
985:
962:
959:
958:
957:
947:
940:
938:
931:
924:
922:
919:
912:
910:
907:
900:
898:
895:
888:
886:
879:
872:
870:
864:
857:
855:
852:
845:
843:
840:
833:
831:
828:
821:
819:
816:
809:
807:
797:
790:
786:
783:
778:
775:
716:British Museum
682:
679:
572:
569:
567:at that time.
494:
491:
483:Indo-Scythians
357:Mithridates II
326:Mithradates II
309:
306:
261:archaeologist
235:archaeological
198:
197:
194:
190:
189:
157:
153:
152:
147:
143:
142:
139:
135:
134:
124:
115:
114:
108:
107:
106:
105:
96:
87:
86:
80:
79:
78:
77:
68:
59:
58:
52:
51:
50:
49:
48:
45:
44:
41:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5046:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4986:
4984:
4971:
4959:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4938:Great Britain
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4925:
4923:
4919:
4913:
4910:
4909:
4907:
4903:
4900:
4896:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4876:
4874:
4872:United States
4870:
4864:
4861:
4860:
4858:
4854:
4848:
4845:
4844:
4842:
4838:
4832:
4829:
4828:
4826:
4822:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4807:
4805:
4801:
4795:
4792:
4791:
4789:
4785:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4770:
4768:
4764:
4758:
4757:Lava Treasure
4755:
4754:
4752:
4748:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4696:Ipswich Hoard
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4661:Bredgar Hoard
4659:
4658:
4656:
4652:
4646:
4643:
4642:
4640:
4636:
4631:
4621:
4618:
4617:
4615:
4611:
4602:
4597:
4595:
4590:
4588:
4583:
4582:
4579:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4486:Oxus Treasure
4484:
4482:
4481:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4439:Orlat plaques
4437:
4435:
4432:
4431:
4429:
4425:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4401:
4399:
4397:
4393:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4331:Dasht-e Nawar
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4198:
4196:
4194:
4190:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4163:Monjukli Depe
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4148:Konye-Urgench
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4105:
4103:
4101:
4097:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4080:Takht-i Kuwad
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4047:
4045:
4043:
4039:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3884:
3882:
3880:
3876:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3839:Koshoy Korgon
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3816:
3814:
3812:
3808:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3703:
3701:
3699:
3695:
3689:
3686:
3685:
3683:
3681:
3677:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3605:Kumtura Caves
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3582:
3580:
3578:
3577:Western China
3574:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3562:Salbyk kurgan
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3552:Arzhan kurgan
3550:
3548:
3545:
3544:
3542:
3540:
3536:
3533:
3529:
3523:
3522:Serindian art
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3493:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3421:Mongol Empire
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3411:Ghurid Empire
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3336:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3326:Western Turks
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3276:Kushan Empire
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3261:Guiyi Circuit
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3236:Median Empire
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3216:Tagar culture
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3167:
3163:
3156:
3151:
3149:
3144:
3142:
3137:
3136:
3133:
3127:
3123:
3120:
3117:
3113:
3110:
3107:
3103:
3100:
3097:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3059:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3028:
3023:
3021:
3016:
3014:
3009:
3008:
3006:
3005:
3000:
2990:
2988:
2980:
2979:
2978:
2977:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2947:
2944:
2943:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2931:List of years
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2898:
2891:
2890:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2871:Paropamisadae
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2818:
2811:
2810:
2797:
2794:
2791:
2790:
2786:
2783:
2779:
2776:
2775:
2771:
2769:
2765:
2762:
2761:
2757:
2754:
2753:Islamic State
2751:
2750:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2740:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2730:
2726:
2724:
2723:Islamic State
2721:
2720:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2710:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2700:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2690:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2680:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2660:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2650:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2640:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2630:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2620:
2616:
2614:
2613:Afsharid Iran
2611:
2610:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2600:
2596:
2594:
2593:Hotak dynasty
2591:
2590:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2580:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2570:
2562:
2561:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2545:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2535:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2525:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2515:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2505:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2495:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2485:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2475:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2465:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2455:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2445:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2435:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2425:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2415:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2405:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2395:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2385:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2375:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2365:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2355:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2345:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2335:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2325:
2317:
2316:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2300:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2290:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2271:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2261:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2251:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2241:
2237:
2235:
2234:Kushan Empire
2232:
2231:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2221:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2211:
2208:247 BC–224 AD
2207:
2205:
2202:
2201:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2187:
2185:
2184:Maurya Empire
2182:
2181:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2171:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2161:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2151:
2147:
2145:
2144:Median Empire
2142:
2141:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2131:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2084:
2081:
2075:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2063:
2052:
2048:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2031:2-7118-5293-8
2028:
2024:
2021:
2017:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2006:
1992:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1969:
1964:
1949:
1943:
1929:
1925:
1919:
1911:
1905:
1898:
1893:
1885:
1879:
1871:
1865:
1857:
1851:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1829:
1825:
1824:
1817:
1803:
1799:
1793:
1784:
1769:
1768:
1763:
1756:
1754:
1746:
1741:
1740:
1732:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1693:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1637:
1630:
1624:
1616:
1610:
1606:
1605:
1600:
1594:
1586:
1573:
1565:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1546:
1540:
1532:
1526:
1522:
1521:
1513:
1511:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
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754:, Italy, and
753:
749:
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744:Palace Museum
741:
737:
733:
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721:
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713:
709:
705:
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697:
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689:
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664:
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659:San Francisco
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651:Washington DC
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346:Kushan Empire
343:
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323:
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305:
303:
299:
294:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
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267:Bactrian gold
264:
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196:Burial ground
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144:
140:
136:
112:
84:
56:
46:
39:
34:
19:
18:Bactrian Gold
4619:
4478:
4409:Mount Khajeh
4376:Qala-i-Jangi
4356:Khair Khaneh
4285:
4261:Khair Khaneh
4168:Namazga-Tepe
4123:Anau culture
4100:Turkmenistan
4017:Tavka Kurgan
3912:Balalyk Tepe
3829:Burana Tower
3819:Aigyr-Zhal 2
3711:Issyk kurgan
3446:Kart dynasty
3441:Sufi dynasty
3431:Golden Horde
3356:Oghuz Yabgus
3331:Tang dynasty
3296:Hephthalites
3221:Uyuk culture
3126:Academia.edu
3082:
3071:Academia.edu
3038:
2946:List of wars
2795:(reinstated)
2755:(reinstated)
2128:2100–1800 BC
2118:2200–1800 BC
2050:
2035:
2019:
2009:
1981:
1977:
1963:
1952:. Retrieved
1942:
1931:. Retrieved
1927:
1918:
1904:
1896:
1892:
1878:
1864:
1822:
1816:
1805:. Retrieved
1801:
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1765:
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1692:
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1572:cite journal
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1468:
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1423:
1375:
1152:
984:Saka kurgans
780:
768:
688:Musee Guimet
684:
639:Musée Guimet
632:
619:Hamid Karzai
616:
605:
598:
554:
519:
504:
464:
453:
422:
413:Kabul Museum
375:
368:
359:, who ruled
350:
324:(16-21 CE),
319:
295:
271:
266:
241:province of
210:
206:
202:
201:
4943:Isle of Man
4691:Hoxne Hoard
4620:Tillya Tepe
4613:Afghanistan
4607:Gold hoards
4501:Kabul hoard
4434:Sokh snakes
4386:Surkh Kotal
4351:Haji Piyada
4326:Darra-e Kur
4291:Yemshi Tepe
4286:Tillya Tepe
4281:Tepe Fullol
4271:Tepe Narenj
4266:Tapa Sardar
4256:Fondukistan
4221:Tapa Shotor
4201:Tepe Fullol
4193:Afghanistan
4022:Toprak-Kala
4007:Shahrukhiya
3957:Kampir Tepe
3947:Itchan Kala
3902:Ancient Pap
3859:Shakh Fazil
3731:Krasnyi Yar
3635:Mogao Caves
3595:Kizil Caves
3531:Archaeology
3396:Farighunids
3351:Turk Shahis
3291:Alchon Huns
2866:Kushanshahr
2743:US invasion
2478:Khwarezmids
2328:Kabul Shahi
2283:Alchon Huns
2138:1500–535 BC
2079:Afghanistan
2077:History of
2020:PERSICA XIV
1376:Tillya Tepe
1331:Pazyryk-1,2
1153:Tillya Tepe
971:Yemshi Tepe
756:Nieuwe Kerk
712:Bonn Museum
681:Exhibitions
526:Hellenistic
427:, with the
298:Yemshi Tepe
239:Afghanistan
207:Tillia tepe
203:Tillya tepe
180: /
156:Coordinates
150:Afghanistan
141:Tillya Tepe
31:Tillya Tepe
4983:Categories
4381:Rag-i-Bibi
4206:Ai-Khanoum
4138:Gonur Depe
4133:Dev-Kesken
4070:Kafir-kala
4060:Ajina tepe
4042:Tajikistan
4002:Sarmishsay
3987:Kyzyl-Kala
3967:Khalchayan
3952:Kafir-kala
3932:Fayaz Tepe
3917:Burchmulla
3879:Uzbekistan
3869:Tash Rabat
3844:Manas Ordo
3811:Kyrgyzstan
3698:Kazakhstan
3401:Ghaznavids
3306:Ustrushana
3301:Tocharians
3231:Massagetae
3047:1588394522
2881:Zabulistan
2856:Kafiristan
2851:Kabulistan
2673:Daoud coup
2508:Qarlughids
2448:Ghaznavids
2358:Tang China
2303:Nezak Huns
2228:155–80? BC
2198:256–125 BC
2188:305–180 BC
2178:312–150 BC
2168:330–312 BC
2158:550–330 BC
2148:728–550 BC
2003:References
1954:2021-10-02
1933:2021-02-06
1807:2021-09-12
1654:(2): 130.
1471:(2): 130.
1301:Eleke Sazy
1216:Bes Shatyr
1105:Eleke Sazy
975:Sheberghan
884:. Tomb II.
841:Bracelets.
522:syncretism
515:Chersonese
460:Sapadbizes
429:Kharoshthi
371:Gotarzes I
364: 123
330:Sapadbizes
283:medallions
247:Sheberghan
230:Ṭalā-tappe
211:Tillā tapa
168:65°47′22″E
165:36°41′40″N
4824:Jerusalem
4427:Artifacts
4301:Aq Kupruk
4251:Mes Aynak
4183:Ulug Depe
4118:Altyndepe
4065:Cyropolis
4055:Penjikent
4027:Varakhsha
3962:Kara Tepe
3907:Ayaz-Kala
3897:Akhsikath
3887:Afrasiyab
3834:Issyk-Kul
3824:Balasagun
3670:Beshbalik
3547:Sintashta
3507:Silk Road
3436:Ilkhanate
3391:Ma'munids
3286:Kidarites
2821:Arachosia
2787:2004–2021
2772:2001–2004
2737:1996–2001
2727:1992–1996
2707:1978–1992
2687:1973–1978
2667:1926–1973
2647:1823–1926
2637:1818–1855
2627:1747–1823
2617:1738–1747
2607:1716–1732
2597:1709–1738
2587:1510–1709
2577:1501–1738
2552:1520–1591
2542:1370–1507
2532:1245–1381
2522:1256–1335
2518:Ilkhanate
2512:1224–1266
2502:1226–1245
2492:1219–1226
2482:1215–1231
2472:1037–1194
2428:Saffarids
2218:180–90 BC
1850:cite book
1842:938827240
1715:0890-4464
1709:: 11–12.
1684:192970421
1668:0002-9114
1631:, p. 280.
1501:192970421
1485:0002-9114
799:Aphrodite
760:Amsterdam
511:Bosphorus
487:Parthians
479:Scythians
425:nandipada
403:cape and
275:necklaces
224:romanized
4856:Scotland
4361:Mundigak
4341:Firozkoh
4231:Shotorak
4050:Bunjikat
3942:Hazorasp
3766:Shilikty
3756:Boralday
3680:Mongolia
3615:Dunhuang
3386:Samanids
3316:Farghana
3169:Polities
3106:BBC News
2987:Category
2861:Khorasan
2841:Gandhara
2782:politics
2683:Republic
2583:Safavids
2538:Timurids
2452:963–1187
2438:Samanids
2418:Tahirids
2408:Abbasids
2378:Umayyads
2320:Medieval
2096:Timeline
2068:a series
2066:Part of
1928:TOLOnews
1723:24048280
1566:: 25–26.
1346:Berel-11
1271:Boralday
1201:Arzhan-2
1186:Shilikty
1171:Arzhan-1
1073:Boralday
949:Dyonisos
934:Akinakes
675:New York
589:Dyonisos
513:and the
507:Scythian
469:(future
382:Lugdunum
378:Tiberius
353:Parthian
336:/ early
322:Tiberius
146:Location
5004:Bactria
4928:Ireland
4840:Romania
4803:Ireland
4766:Germany
4654:England
4306:Asqalan
4241:Bimaran
4236:Paitava
4178:Togolok
4113:Abiward
3997:Poykent
3982:Koktepe
3849:Navekat
3726:Kerderi
3716:Jankent
3665:Kashgar
3640:Tumshuq
3585:Bulayïq
3495:Culture
3311:Khuttal
3271:Xiongnu
3114:, from
3104:, from
3094:, from
2911:Culture
2836:Bactria
2764:Interim
2663:Kingdom
2643:Emirate
2573:Mughals
2548:Arghuns
2528:Kartids
2468:Seljuks
2458:Ghurids
2442:875–999
2432:863–900
2422:821–873
2412:750–821
2402:750-977
2392:680–870
2388:Zunbils
2382:661–750
2372:660–842
2362:660–669
2352:652–661
2332:565–879
2307:484–711
2297:410–557
2287:380–560
2268:320–465
2258:230–651
2105:Ancient
1773:1 March
1316:Berel-1
1261:Tasmola
1121:Tasmola
1041:Pazyryk
953:Ariadne
866:Amorini
785:Gallery
667:Houston
565:Bactria
557:Chinese
530:amorini
477:(Asian
471:Kushans
456:Heraios
445:Mercury
437:petasus
433:chlamys
405:petasus
401:chlamys
338:Kushans
334:Yuezhis
243:Jowzjan
226::
215:Persian
4921:Hoards
4787:Greece
4750:France
4371:Nagara
4143:Jeitun
4075:Sarazm
3761:Sawran
3706:Begash
3660:Khotan
3655:Loulan
3266:Yuezhi
3045:
2876:Sistan
2831:Ariana
2565:Modern
2070:on the
2042:
2029:
1984:: 23.
1840:
1830:
1721:
1713:
1682:
1676:504260
1674:
1666:
1611:
1527:
1499:
1493:504260
1491:
1483:
1438:
1286:Salbyk
1246:Ingala
1231:Taksai
1137:Ingala
1089:Taksai
1025:Arzhan
1009:Salbyk
882:Athena
669:, the
661:, the
653:, the
645:, the
635:France
561:Indian
534:Athena
467:Yuezhi
449:Buddha
441:Hermes
435:and a
285:and a
259:Soviet
255:Afghan
251:Soviet
219:طلاتپه
4898:Lists
4216:Hadda
3972:Khiva
3864:Suyab
3854:Özgön
3791:Urpek
3776:Sumbe
3741:Otrar
3630:Rawak
3620:Miran
3590:Kucha
2799:since
2398:Lawik
1745:Asia.
1719:JSTOR
1680:S2CID
1672:JSTOR
1497:S2CID
1489:JSTOR
1361:Issyk
1057:Issyk
961:Notes
752:Turin
643:Paris
538:Greek
475:Sakas
458:, or
355:king
302:Akcha
291:Kabul
287:crown
279:belts
245:near
5024:Saka
4396:Iran
4173:Nisa
4158:Merv
4128:Anau
3625:Niya
3206:Saka
3043:ISBN
2941:Wars
2921:Name
2846:Iran
2826:Aria
2801:2021
2758:2001
2747:2001
2717:1990
2697:1978
2677:1973
2657:1929
2040:ISBN
2027:ISBN
1978:Arts
1856:link
1838:OCLC
1828:ISBN
1775:2011
1711:ISSN
1664:ISSN
1609:ISBN
1585:help
1525:ISBN
1481:ISSN
1436:ISBN
951:and
803:Eros
801:and
777:2021
593:Nana
544:and
395:The
386:Gaul
193:Type
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1986:doi
1767:BBC
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1473:doi
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