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There is the possibility of single points of failure, referring to connectivity devices high in the series hierarchy. The distributed backbone must be designed to separate network traffic circulating on each individual LAN from the backbone network traffic by using access devices such as routers and
216:
A large corporation that has many locations may have a backbone network that ties all of the locations together, for example, if a server cluster needs to be accessed by different departments of a company that are located at different geographical locations. The pieces of the network connections (for
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A collapsed backbone (also known as inverted backbone or backbone-in-a-box) is a type of backbone network architecture. In the case of a collapsed backbone, each location features a link back to a central location to be connected to the collapsed backbone. The collapsed backbone can be a cluster or
406:
A distributed backbone is a backbone network that consists of a number of connectivity devices connected to a series of central connectivity devices, such as hubs, switches, or routers, in a hierarchy. This kind of topology allows for simple expansion and limited capital outlay for growth, because
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call rate, nature of services, geographical preferences are some of the factors that impact the configuration. Network statistics collection, alarm monitoring and logging of various network nodes actions also happens in the O&M center. These stats, alarms and traces form important tools for a
410:
Distributed backbones, in all practicality, are in use by all large-scale networks. Applications in enterprise-wide scenarios confined to a single building are also practical, as certain connectivity devices can be assigned to certain floors or departments. Each floor or department possesses a
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A serial backbone is the simplest kind of backbone network. Serial backbones consist of two or more internet working devices connected to each other by a single cable in a daisy-chain fashion. A daisy chain is a group of connectivity devices linked together in a serial fashion. Hubs are often
485:
There are a few different types of backbones that are used for an enterprise-wide network. When organizations are looking for a very strong and trustworthy backbone they should choose a parallel backbone. This backbone is a variation of a collapsed backbone in that it uses a central
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that provided any-to-any connections among devices on the network. Many main service providers would have their own core/backbone networks that are interconnected. Some large enterprises have their own core/backbone network, which are typically connected to the public networks.
407:
more layers of devices can be added to existing layers. In a distributed backbone network, all of the devices that access the backbone share the transmission media, as every device connected to this network is sent all transmissions placed on that network.
345:
Charging: This functionality of the collation and processing of charging data generated by various network nodes. Two common types of charging mechanisms found in present-day networks are prepaid charging and postpaid charging.
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Subscriber database: The core network also hosts the subscriber database (e.g. HLR in GSM systems). The subscriber database is accessed by core network nodes for functions like authentication, profiling, service invocation
213:. A backbone can tie together diverse networks in the same building, in different buildings in a campus environment, or over wide areas. Normally, the backbone's capacity is greater than the networks connected to it.
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connected to a bus-style network using backbone cabling. Another advantage of using a distributed backbone is the ability for network administrator to segregate workgroups for ease of management.
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Backbone networks create links that allow long-distance transmission, usually 10 to 100 miles, and in certain cases - up to 150 miles. This makes backbone network essential to providing long-haul
309:
Aggregation: The highest level of aggregation in a service provider network. The next level in the hierarchy under the core nodes is the distribution networks and then the edge networks.
513:, that should be accessed at all times by multiple departments, then your organization should choose to implement a parallel backbone to make sure that the connectivity is never lost.
505:. Although this can be a major factor when deciding which enterprise-wide topology to use, the expense of it makes up for the efficiency it creates by adding increased performance and
498:. Each switch and router are connected by two cables. By having more than one cable connecting each device, it ensures network connectivity to any area of the enterprise-wide network.
263:
Typically the term referred to the high capacity communication facilities that connect primary nodes. A core network provided paths for the exchange of information between different
363:). It's important to note however that service execution may or may not be a core network functionality as third-party networks and nodes may take part in actual service execution.
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more commonly form part of the backbone. The serial backbone topology could be used for enterprise-wide networks, though it is rarely implemented for that purpose.
355:
Service invocation: The core network performs the task of service invocation for its subscribers. Service invocation may happen based on some explicit action (e.g.
369:: Gateways shall be present in the core network to access other networks. Gateway functionality is dependent on the type of network it interfaces with.
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The theory, design principles, and first instantiation of the backbone network came from the telephone core network when traffic was purely voice. The
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functionality decides the future course of call based on the call signaling processing. E.g. switching functionality may decide based on the "
509:. Most organizations use parallel backbones when there are critical devices on the network. For example, if there is important data, such as
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319:: The function to decide whether the user requesting a service from the telecom network is authorized to do so within this network or not.
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connected in this way to extend a network. However, hubs are not the only device that can be connected in a serial backbone.
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490:(connection point). Although, with a parallel backbone, it allows for duplicate connections when there is more than one
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Parallel backbones are more expensive than other backbone networks because they require more cabling than the other
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Besides the above-mentioned functionalities, the following also formed part of a telecommunications core network:
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Physically, one or more of these logical functionalities may simultaneously exist in a given core network node.
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However, the drawback of the collapsed backbone is that if the box housing the backbone is down or there are
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problem to the central location, the entire network will crash. These problems can be minimized by having
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example: Ethernet, wireless) that bring these departments together is often mentioned as network backbone.
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since the backbone is essentially the back plane or internal switching matrix of the box, proprietary,
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This article is about the general concept. For the Cold War
British network called "Backbone", see
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which interconnects networks, providing a path for the exchange of information between different
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across multiple locations. In most cases, the backbones are the links while the switching or
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functions are done by the equipment at each location. It is a distributed architecture.
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network operator to monitor the network health and performance and improvise on the same.
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a single switch or router. The topology and architecture of a collapsed backbone is a
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278:; in the rest of the world, the core network has been extended to national boundaries.
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ease of management since the backbone is in a single location and in a single box, and
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313:(CPE) do not normally connect to the core networks of a large service provider.
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671:. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland.
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to configure and provision the core network nodes. Number of subscribers,
666:"Relay Placement for Minimizing Congestion in Wireless Backbone Networks"
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backbone boxes as well as having secondary/backup backbone locations.
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28:
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Core networks typically provided the following functionality:
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is often taken into consideration while designing backbones.
639:"Congestion in the Backbone: Telecom and Internet Solutions"
916:. Boston, MA: Cengage Course Technology. pp. 203–204.
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The main advantages of the collapsed backbone approach are
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A conventional backbone network spans distance to provide
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767:. Boston, MA: Cengage Course Technology. p. 202.
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and a wiring closet with that workgroup's main hub or
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Computer network that connects other networks together
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664:Kashyap, Abhishek; Sun, Fangting; Shayman, Mark.
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274:core networks were linked by several competing
342:more prevalent to another operator's network.
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936:CompTIA Network+ In depth, Chapter 5 p. 169
32:A diagram of a nationwide network backbone.
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905:
894:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
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950:. Boston, MA: Cengage Course Technology.
224:One example of a backbone network is the
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338:within this operator's network or with
248:to customers who were connected by the
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948:Network+ Guide to Networks 5th Edition
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861:from the original on October 9, 2011
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637:Turner, Brough (12 September 2007).
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334:" that the call be routed towards a
252:. One of the main functions was to
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804:from the original on July 19, 2011
699:"The Backbone's connected to the…"
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14:
1019:
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823:Dooley, Kevin (January 1, 2002).
618:from the original on 28 July 2020
588:from the original on May 16, 2008
21:British Telecom microwave network
825:"Designing Large-Scale Networks"
788:"Distributed backbone network".
49:
964:
939:
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736:from the original on 2022-05-20
697:Howdie, Ben (28 January 2013).
993:IPv6 Backbone Network Topology
726:"What is 5G Wireless Backhaul"
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297:, especially to remote areas.
1:
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884:. Tampa, FL. pp. 20–21.
350:Automatic Message Accounting
322:Call control and switching:
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281:Core networks usually had a
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880:Boon & Kepekci (1996).
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463:high performance technology
311:Customer-premises equipment
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1008:Computer networks by scale
386:operations support systems
242:telecommunications network
240:was the central part of a
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382:Network operations center
359:) by user or implicitly (
558:Network service provider
133:Municipal wireless (MWN)
882:BICSI Lan Design Manual
829:O'Reilly Online Catalog
791:BICSI Lan Design Manual
155:Interplanetary Internet
855:"Distributed Backbone"
276:interexchange networks
270:In the United States,
244:that provided various
33:
946:Dean, Tamara (2010).
912:Dean, Tamara (2010).
763:Dean, Tamara (2010).
578:"What is a Backbone?"
293:solutions to provide
254:route telephone calls
31:
797:. 1996. p. 20.
402:Distributed backbone
972:"Backbone Networks"
724:Networks, Ceragon.
608:"Backbone Networks"
503:network topologies
427:Collapsed backbone
340:number portability
219:Network congestion
128:Metropolitan (MAN)
34:
481:Parallel backbone
433:interconnectivity
226:Internet backbone
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974:. Archived from
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201:is a part of a
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96:Wireless (WLAN)
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976:the original
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863:. Retrieved
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701:. KashFlow.
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641:. CircleID.
632:
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471:reachability
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465:can be used.
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361:call waiting
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324:call control
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265:sub-networks
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238:core network
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199:core network
198:
194:
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122:
118:Campus (CAN)
25:
553:Core router
449:rooted tree
256:across the
211:subnetworks
86:Local (LAN)
740:2022-05-09
582:Whatis.com
564:References
336:subscriber
140:Wide (WAN)
106:Home (HAN)
890:cite book
709:2 October
682:2 October
649:2 October
622:2 October
612:Chapter 8
475:redundant
423:bridges.
390:peak hour
380:O&M:
328:switching
301:Functions
61:Nanoscale
1002:Category
859:Archived
833:Archived
799:Archived
734:Archived
703:Archived
673:Archived
643:Archived
616:Archived
592:June 25,
586:Archived
548:Backhaul
542:See also
532:switches
524:Gateways
367:Gateways
291:wireless
246:services
195:backbone
150:Internet
123:Backbone
113:Building
44:by scale
536:bridges
528:routers
511:payroll
437:routing
232:History
81:Near-me
954:
920:
865:May 7,
839:May 7,
808:May 7,
771:
496:switch
492:router
417:router
802:(PDF)
795:(PDF)
676:(PDF)
669:(PDF)
447:or a
145:Cloud
42:types
952:ISBN
918:ISBN
896:link
867:2011
841:2011
810:2011
769:ISBN
711:2013
684:2013
651:2013
624:2013
594:2007
534:and
488:node
445:star
397:etc.
384:and
348:See
258:PSTN
207:LANs
71:Body
494:or
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
