52:
485:
449:. IBM claimed that their token ring systems were superior to Ethernet, especially under load, but these claims were debated. IBM's implementation of token ring was the basis of the IEEE 802.5 standard. A 16 Mbit/s version of Token Ring was standardized by the 802.5 working group in 1989. IBM had market dominance over Token Ring, for example, in 1990, IBM equipment was the most widely used for Token Ring networks.
195:
1610:
1567:
As alternatives were considered, fiber to the desk was evaluated, yet only briefly due to the added costs for fiber switches, cables and NICs. "Copper is still going to be a driving force to the desktop for the future, especially as long as the price for fiber components remains higher than for
459:
technology in the early to mid 1990s since existing
Ethernet networks only offered 10 Mbit/s data rates and Token Ring networks only offered 4 Mbit/s or 16 Mbit/s rates. Thus it was a relatively high-speed choice of that era, with speeds such as 100 Mbit/s. By 1994, vendors
1430:
404:
were using TCP/IP networking. Although the workstation market segment is now much reduced, the technologies developed in the area continue to be influential on the
Internet and in all forms of networking—and the TCP/IP protocol has replaced
1265:
1465:
323:, both of which were expensive at the time. There was much enthusiasm for the concept, and for several years, from about 1983 onward, computer industry pundits habitually declared the coming year to be, "The year of the LAN".
380:
In 1983, TCP/IP was first shown capable of supporting actual defense department applications on a
Defense Communication Agency LAN testbed located at Reston, Virginia. The TCP/IP-based LAN successfully supported
256:
The increasing demand and usage of computers in universities and research labs in the late 1960s generated the need to provide high-speed interconnections between computer systems. A 1970 report from the
577:, users have unrestricted movement within the coverage area. Wireless networks have become popular in residences and small businesses, because of their ease of installation. Most wireless LANs use
373:. None of these enjoyed any lasting success; Netware dominated the personal computer LAN business from early after its introduction in 1983 until the mid-1990s when Microsoft introduced
936:
342:
which provided even-handed support for dozens of competing card and cable types, and a much more sophisticated operating system than most of its competitors.
493:
289:
1580:
315:-based systems starting in 1981, meant that many sites grew to dozens or even hundreds of computers. The initial driving force for networking was to share
961:
1555:"Big pipe on campus: Ohio institutions implement a 10-Gigabit Ethernet switched-fiber backbone to enable high-speed desktop applications over UTP copper"
442:
In the 1980s, several token ring network implementations for LANs were developed. IBM released their own implementation of token ring in 1985, It ran at
334:
implementations, and a plethora of methods of sharing resources. Typically, each vendor would have its own type of network card, cabling, protocol, and
292:
was the first installation of a LAN connecting hundreds (420) of microprocessor-controlled voting terminals to a polling/selecting central unit with a
713:
technologies. Depending on how the connections are established and secured, and the distance involved, such linked LANs may also be classified as a
863:
218:
that interconnects computers within a limited area such as a residence, school, laboratory, university campus or office building. By contrast, a
503:—the same cable used for telephone systems—installed inside the benches of the European Parliament Hemicycles in Strasbourg and Luxembourg.
390:
1839:
1809:
423:
was Acorn
Computers's low-cost local area network system, intended for use by schools and small businesses. It was first developed for the
992:
1614:
928:
1642:
889:
389:, and a Defense Department teleconferencing application. This demonstrated the feasibility of employing TCP/IP LANs to interconnect
1074:
1209:
181:
1554:
1520:
1395:
903:
1311:
1291:
786:
1720:
1411:
1025:
1005:'The Year of The LAN' is a long-standing joke, and I freely admit to being the comedian that first declared it in 1982...
847:
668:
394:
273:
1431:"Sponsers, [sic] Communities, and Standards: Ethernet vs. Token Ring In The Local Area Networking Business"
452:
223:
1584:
1385:
965:
1725:
1635:
258:
236:
are the two most common technologies in use for local area networks. Historical network technologies include
1061:...a bit like the Year of the LAN which computer industry pundits predicted for the good part of a decade...
1887:
1819:
1050:
750:
393:(WWMCCS) computers at command centers throughout the United States. However, WWMCCS was superseded by the
1540:
174:
1037:...you will remember numerous computer magazines, over numerous years, announcing 'the year of the LAN.'
284:
Corporation in 1976 and announced in 1977. It had the first commercial installation in
December 1977 at
1844:
1740:
730:
664:
543:
133:
1247:
1137:
Scott, W. Ross (August 1, 1984). "Local Area
Network Alternative "A" Demonstration Analysis (DRAFT)".
1122:
Scott, W. Ross; Cavedo, Robert F. (September 1, 1984). "Local Area
Network Demonstration Procedures".
859:
1892:
1849:
714:
297:
128:
1111:. Ft. Belvoir Defense Technical Information Center: Defense Technical Information Center. p. i.
1824:
1814:
1735:
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469:
335:
66:
1834:
1730:
1680:
1670:
1445:
1176:
843:
710:
699:
531:
497:
155:
51:
705:
LANs can maintain connections with other LANs via leased lines, leased services, or across the
672:
465:
167:
1510:
1752:
1665:
1483:
980:
519:
316:
145:
113:
76:
1344:
264:
A number of experimental and early commercial LAN technologies were developed in the 1970s.
660:
562:
285:
91:
81:
31:
885:
671:. Advanced LANs are characterized by their use of redundant links with switches using the
8:
554:
320:
261:
detailing the growth of their "Octopus" network gave a good indication of the situation.
17:
1457:
1367:
1228:
1078:
676:
644:
547:
445:
612:
describes the layout of interconnections between devices and network segments. At the
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1461:
1391:
809:
718:
304:
219:
140:
71:
1371:
1232:
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1449:
1359:
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401:
331:
215:
123:
40:
1562:
1651:
1342:
910:
613:
598:
594:
586:
1453:
222:(WAN) not only covers a larger geographic distance, but also generally involves
1690:
1092:
Scott, W. Ross (May 1, 1984). "Updated Local Area
Network Demonstration Plan".
790:
640:
617:
558:
436:
432:
428:
414:
339:
327:
118:
1415:
1017:
827:
1881:
1484:"Wading Through Plethora of Options Poses Challenge for Life on the Fast LAN"
804:
Mendicino, S. F. (29 Nov 1970). "THE LAWRENCE RADIATION LABORATORY OCTOPUS".
740:
515:
461:
293:
484:
1780:
1770:
1200:
633:
629:
621:
574:
538:—the same cable used for telephone systems. This led to the development of
349:
had comparable technical strengths, but Banyan never gained a secure base.
346:
106:
96:
1363:
659:
access. A LAN can include a wide variety of other network devices such as
1223:
1204:
648:
625:
476:. FDDI installations have largely been replaced by Ethernet deployments.
366:
326:
In practice, the concept was marred by the proliferation of incompatible
199:
61:
652:
582:
523:
424:
374:
370:
269:
241:
813:
675:
to prevent loops, their ability to manage differing traffic types via
1760:
1715:
1296:
745:
695:
410:
362:
281:
245:
1248:"14.18 Proteon in Chapter 14 - Internetworking: Emergence 1985-1988"
1854:
1705:
1685:
955:
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735:
706:
656:
539:
511:
507:
354:
265:
229:
150:
1620:
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1710:
691:
687:
527:
1581:"A Review of the Basic Components of a Local Area Network (LAN)"
950:
1829:
1700:
1675:
1609:
590:
420:
382:
358:
277:
237:
194:
1536:
1343:
David R. Boggs; Jeffrey C. Mogul; Christopher A. Kent (1988).
1864:
1859:
1804:
1788:
1765:
620:, a wide variety of LAN topologies have been used, including
578:
233:
959:
455:(FDDI), a LAN standard, was considered an attractive campus
1695:
680:
473:
350:
308:
101:
27:
Computer network that connects devices over a limited area
1329:
862:. Smithsonian National Museum of American History. 1973.
639:
Simple LANs generally consist of cabling and one or more
406:
386:
312:
276:
was developed at
Cambridge University starting in 1974.
1428:
550:
which is still the basis of most commercial LANs today.
361:. These then formed the basis for collaboration between
1345:"Measured capacity of an Ethernet: myths and reality"
886:"A brief informal history of the Computer Laboratory"
494:
Electronic voting systems for the
European Parliament
365:
and 3Com to create a simple network operating system
290:
Electronic voting systems for the European Parliament
787:"Octopus: The Lawrence Radiation Laboratory Network"
1512:
Optical Fiber Communication: Principles and Systems
784:
679:(QoS), and their ability to segregate traffic with
581:as wireless adapters are typically integrated into
198:A conceptual diagram of a local area network using
702:(TCP/IP) has prevailed as the standard of choice.
1109:MITRENET: A Testbed Local Area Network at DTNSRDC
960:European Parliament Archives (January 25, 2021).
909:. ARCNETworks magazine. Fall 1998. Archived from
417:, and other protocols used by the early PC LANs.
1879:
1515:. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. pp. 241–249.
686:At the higher network layers, protocols such as
1509:A. Selvarajan; Subrat Kar; T. Srinivas (2003).
1199:
769:
468:, Network Peripherals, SysKonnect (acquired by
311:operating system in the late 1970s, and later
1636:
1537:"Italian TV network RAI on the voting system"
888:. University of Cambridge. 20 December 2001.
820:
391:Worldwide Military Command and Control System
175:
1429:Urs Von Burg; Martin Kenny (December 2003).
1326:IEEE 802.3 Local Area Network considerations
1106:
1075:"Has Microsoft Ever Read the History Books?"
1072:
981:"Will The Year of the ISDN be 1994 or 1995?"
962:"Voting system Tender Specifications - 1979"
1481:
1121:
926:
1643:
1629:
1292:"Major Vendors Differ On Network Approach"
182:
168:
30:"LAN" redirects here. For other uses, see
1352:ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
1336:
1222:
929:"The LAN turns 30, but will it reach 40?"
803:
338:. A solution appeared with the advent of
978:
483:
193:
1300:. Vol. 8, no. 12. p. 27.
1210:IEEE Annals of the History of Computing
14:
1880:
1252:The History of Computer Communications
1107:Havard (II.), Richard (17 June 1986).
892:from the original on 13 November 2010.
1624:
1543:from the original on 17 January 2023.
1387:Internetworking Technologies Handbook
1289:
1136:
1091:
866:from the original on October 28, 2014
698:and others were once common, but the
303:The development and proliferation of
1022:Cafe au Lait Java News and Resources
806:Courant Symposium Series on Networks
604:
345:Of the competitors to NetWare, only
1650:
1181:chrisacorns.computinghistory.org.uk
24:
1245:
995:from the original on June 14, 2021
860:"Ethernet Prototype Circuit Board"
785:Samuel F. Mendicino (1970-12-01).
643:. A switch can be connected to a
496:was using 10 kilometers of simple
25:
1904:
1602:
1583:. NetworkBits.net. Archived from
1048:
979:Metcalfe, Robert (Dec 27, 1993).
568:
397:(GCCS) before that could happen.
395:Global Command and Control System
224:leased telecommunication circuits
1608:
789:. Rogerdmoore.ca. Archived from
453:Fiber Distributed Data Interface
50:
1573:
1547:
1529:
1502:
1475:
1422:
1404:
1378:
1318:
1304:
1283:
1258:
1239:
1193:
1169:
1145:
1139:MITRE Corporation Working Paper
1130:
1124:MITRE Corporation Working Paper
1115:
1100:
1094:MITRE Corporation Working Paper
1085:
1066:
1042:
1028:from the original on 2016-04-14
1010:
972:
939:from the original on 2016-06-30
530:showed the potential of simple
1482:Mark Miller (March 21, 1994).
1205:"Early Token Ring Work at MIT"
920:
896:
878:
852:
797:
778:
763:
13:
1:
1077:. VARBusiness. Archived from
770:Gary A. Donahue (June 2007).
756:
526:LAN implementation. In 1984,
259:Lawrence Radiation Laboratory
1561:, 2005-03-01, archived from
1412:"IEEE Standards Association"
1290:Crabb, Don (24 March 1986).
1051:"Christopher Herot's Weblog"
751:Network interface controller
557:is common for links between
7:
1454:10.1080/1366271032000163621
1153:"Retro Isle - Acorn Econet"
1073:Wayne Spivak (2001-07-13).
724:
669:network intrusion detection
593:. Guests are often offered
544:its twisted-pair successors
10:
1909:
927:Lamont Wood (2008-01-31).
731:Asynchronous Transfer Mode
479:
288:in New York. In 1979, the
251:
29:
1797:
1779:
1751:
1658:
1615:Local area networks (LAN)
715:metropolitan area network
298:Master/slave (technology)
1490:. pp. 41, 44, 46–49
1446:Taylor & Francis Ltd
1266:"IBM TOKEN-RING NETWORK"
1177:"Chris's Acorns: Econet"
470:Marvell Technology Group
400:During the same period,
336:network operating system
134:Municipal wireless (MWN)
1438:Industry and Innovation
829:The History of Ethernet
711:virtual private network
700:Internet protocol suite
532:unshielded twisted pair
498:unshielded twisted pair
357:and Microsoft produced
272:between 1973 and 1974.
156:Interplanetary Internet
774:. O'Reilly. p. 5.
673:spanning tree protocol
489:
488:Twisted pair LAN cable
466:National Semiconductor
369:and its cousin, IBM's
203:
1390:. Cisco Press. 2004.
1364:10.1145/205447.205460
520:Shielded twisted pair
487:
197:
1617:at Wikimedia Commons
1224:10.1109/MAHC.2014.14
1049:Herot, Christopher.
832:. NetEvents.tv. 2006
563:fiber to the desktop
286:Chase Manhattan Bank
1888:Local area networks
1798:Long range wireless
1559:Communications News
1539:. 25 January 2021.
1418:on August 17, 2022.
1314:. 21 November 1988.
1203:(April–June 2014).
555:optical fiber cable
439:computers in 1981.
677:quality of service
548:structured cabling
522:was used in IBM's
490:
305:personal computers
208:local area network
204:
129:Metropolitan (MAN)
1875:
1874:
1613:Media related to
1522:978-1-259-08220-7
1397:978-1-58705-119-7
1157:www.retroisle.com
968:on June 16, 2021.
904:"ARCNET Timeline"
719:wide area network
605:Technical aspects
402:Unix workstations
280:was developed by
268:was developed at
220:wide area network
192:
191:
16:(Redirected from
1900:
1893:Office equipment
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1497:
1495:
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1472:
1470:
1464:. Archived from
1435:
1426:
1420:
1419:
1414:. Archived from
1408:
1402:
1401:
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1018:"Quotes in 1999"
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1008:
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1000:
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969:
964:. Archived from
957:
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610:Network topology
587:tablet computers
559:network switches
536:category 3 cable
506:Early Ethernet (
501:category 3 cable
457:backbone network
448:
332:network protocol
216:computer network
184:
177:
170:
67:Near-field (NFC)
54:
41:Computer network
37:
36:
21:
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1652:Internet access
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1579:
1578:
1574:
1565:on 2016-09-10,
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1246:Pelkey, James.
1244:
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1201:J. Noel Chiappa
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1101:
1096:(WP83W00222R1).
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848:Wayback Machine
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802:
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772:Network Warrior
768:
764:
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727:
614:data link layer
607:
595:Internet access
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482:
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97:Wireless (WLAN)
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1603:External links
1601:
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1501:
1474:
1471:on 2018-02-19.
1421:
1403:
1396:
1377:
1358:(1): 123–136.
1335:
1332:. GG22-9422-0.
1317:
1303:
1282:
1270:www-01.ibm.com
1257:
1238:
1192:
1168:
1144:
1129:
1114:
1099:
1084:
1081:on 2011-07-16.
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1009:
971:
949:
919:
916:on 2010-04-14.
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877:
851:
819:
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793:on 2011-07-06.
777:
761:
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723:
665:load balancers
618:physical layer
606:
603:
570:
569:Wireless media
567:
481:
478:
429:Acorn System 2
340:Novell NetWare
328:physical layer
274:Cambridge Ring
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1753:Wireless PAN
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854:
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347:Banyan Vines
344:
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119:Campus (CAN)
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1312:"InfoWorld"
717:(MAN) or a
649:cable modem
583:smartphones
367:LAN Manager
200:bus network
87:Local (LAN)
1882:Categories
1845:Muni Wi-Fi
1736:Power-line
1591:2008-04-08
1494:August 15,
1276:2021-03-11
1186:2020-10-28
1162:2020-10-28
1056:2023-10-21
1032:2011-02-25
943:2016-06-02
757:References
653:ADSL modem
524:Token Ring
425:Acorn Atom
375:Windows NT
371:LAN Server
307:using the
270:Xerox PARC
242:Token Ring
141:Wide (WAN)
107:Home (HAN)
1850:Satellite
1761:Bluetooth
1741:Broadband
1716:IEEE 1901
1462:153804163
1297:InfoWorld
985:InfoWorld
746:LAN party
696:AppleTalk
661:firewalls
601:service.
565:is rare.
561:, use of
534:by using
460:included
411:AppleTalk
363:Microsoft
353:produced
282:Datapoint
246:AppleTalk
62:Nanoscale
1855:UMTS-TDD
1706:HomePlug
1686:Ethernet
1568:copper."
1541:Archived
1372:52820607
1233:30761524
1026:Archived
999:June 14,
993:Archived
937:Archived
890:Archived
864:Archived
846:and the
736:Chaosnet
725:See also
707:Internet
657:Internet
641:switches
540:10BASE-T
512:10BASE-2
508:10BASE-5
321:printers
266:Ethernet
230:Ethernet
202:topology
151:Internet
124:Backbone
114:Building
45:by scale
1711:HomePNA
1671:Dial-up
814:4045588
721:(WAN).
692:IPX/SPX
688:NetBIOS
599:hotspot
591:laptops
528:StarLAN
514:) used
480:Cabling
472:), and
444:4
355:3+Share
317:storage
252:History
214:) is a
82:Near-me
1830:iBurst
1701:Nessum
1676:DOCSIS
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667:, and
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597:via a
553:While
546:) and
446:Mbit/s
421:Econet
383:Telnet
359:MS-Net
278:ARCNET
238:ARCNET
1865:WiBro
1860:WiMAX
1805:5G NR
1789:Wi-Fi
1766:Li-Fi
1666:Cable
1659:Wired
1469:(PDF)
1458:S2CID
1444:(4).
1434:(PDF)
1368:S2CID
1348:(PDF)
1229:S2CID
914:(PDF)
907:(PDF)
681:VLANs
651:, or
579:Wi-Fi
573:In a
542:(and
296:with
234:Wi-Fi
146:Cloud
43:types
1840:MMDS
1825:HSPA
1820:GPRS
1815:EVDO
1810:DECT
1726:MoCA
1721:ISDN
1696:G.hn
1691:FTTx
1517:ISBN
1496:2013
1392:ISBN
1001:2021
872:2007
838:2011
810:OSTI
655:for
634:star
632:and
630:mesh
622:ring
616:and
589:and
510:and
474:3Com
427:and
351:3Com
330:and
319:and
309:CP/M
244:and
232:and
72:Body
1835:LTE
1731:PON
1681:DSL
1450:doi
1360:doi
1330:IBM
1219:doi
626:bus
415:NBF
407:IPX
387:FTP
313:DOS
212:LAN
32:Lan
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