780:
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942:, the capital and largest city in the Dominican Republic—before then, strict migration policies prevented the movement of people within and outside the country. As people settled in the city, they continued to play Bachata music because it allowed them to express the struggle and poverty they experienced in the city. Along with Bachata's audience in the city, bachateros from el campo who also migrated to Santo Domingo took advantage of the city's growing music industry.
1038:
had lyrics with sexual meaning or references, which was frowned upon by middle-upper-class
Dominicans because bachateros did not have academic backgrounds. Since Bachata music was not widely accepted by society for its "vulgar and sensual" nature, middle and upper-class people refrained from listening and dancing to Bachata music to protect their reputation. They attached a negative connotation to the word
822:
1184:, among others. By 2011, former Aventura member Romeo Santos also joined the fusion bandwagon, releasing several new albums which became popular in the US and other Western countries. Not only has bachata's popularity changed but so has its lyrics; before the lyrics were mostly about a cheating relationship and hurt feelings but now it talks about love and is more romantic. According to
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799:, and the troubadour singing tradition common in Latin America. During much of its history, bachata music was disregarded by middle-upperclass Dominican society and associated with rural underdevelopment and crime. As recently as the 1980s, bachata was considered too vulgar, crude and musically rustic to be broadcast on television or radio in the Dominican Republic.
1163:, they revolutionized and modernized the genre. They sold out Madison Square Garden numerous times and released countless top ten hits on the hot Latin charts including two number one hits "Por un segundo" and "Dile al Amor". Other big bachata acts in the decade included "Monchy y Alexandra" and Los Toros Band.
1058:, or bitter music, because it was still influenced by despair, sex, and hardship, which only fueled anti-bachata sentiment in middle-upper-class Dominican society. Despite its unofficial censorship, bachata remained widely popular, while orchestral merengue benefited from the country's major publicity outlets.
945:
The music industry increased music production and broadcasting after the end of
Trujillo's dictatorship. When it came to bachata music, music industry leaders began recording, producing, and broadcasting bachata songs as long as musicians had the financial means to pay for the service. Soon enough,
1037:
Even though
Bachata music began to spread, anti-bachata sentiment from Trujillo's rule continued into the 60's. A campaign ensued to brand bachata in this negative light. Middle and upper-class Dominican society denounced bachata, calling bachata music a form of cultural backwardness. Bachata music
896:
meant an impromptu party in el campo, characterized by its melancholy and bittersweet lyrics, singing, and dancing. Informal bachateros at the time were majority poor, working class people and so was their audience. Given the initial demographics of bachata music’s audience and musicians, Trujillo
1100:
played a pivotal role in bringing bachata music to an international audience, extending its reach beyond its
Dominican Republic origins. The genre's rising global popularity was accompanied by a fresh, contemporary influence on its musical style. This evolution in bachata not only transformed its
767:
Bachata arose in the poor and working class areas of the country. During the 1960s and early 1970s, while bachata was known as amargue music, it was seen as music of the lower class by middle-upper-class
Dominicans. The genre's popularity rose in the 1980s and early 1990s when the rhythm began to
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Today, parallel to bachata music, fusion genres arose in
Western countries such as the US, combining some of the rhythmic elements of bachata music with elements of Western music such as hip hop, R&B, pop, techno and more. This fusion genre became popular among Western audiences, and often
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1053:
In the 1970s, bachata music was hardly played on radio stations other than Radio
Guarachita and unmentioned on television and in print. Bachateros were also barred from performing in upper-class venues. Bachateros were barred from performing in high society venues. Even so, many Bachateros
1077:." Due to popular demand, more radio stations began playing bachata, and bachateros soon found themselves performing on television as well. Bachata style merengues, or guitar merengues, also began to appear. Other Dominican bachateros that emerged from this time period were
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were a few of the rural artists who were able to take advantage of this opportunity and start careers in the
Dominican music industry. While the bachatas recorded in the 1960s had a distinct Dominican style, they were regarded at the time as a variant of bolero, as the term
1116:. Both incorporated a large number of bachata-merengues in their repertoires. Santos, Vargas and the many new style bachateros who would follow achieved a level of stardom that was unimaginable to the bachateros who preceded them—they were the first generation of
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Following
Trujillo's death and end of his dictatorship in 1961, there was an opening for bachata music within the music industry amidst the loosened restrictions. The end of Trujillo's dictatorship motivated people from el campo to migrate to
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in 1966, was the only radio station at the time that played and centered bachata music. Aracena broadcast popular bachata songs produced in the 60s and worked with bachateros to produce music. Listeners regarded
Bachata music as a variant of
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towards bachata music and stigmatized it. As a result, bachata became synonymous with poverty, delinquency, lack of education, and prostitution to the middle and upper-class Dominican society. Bachata was also referred to as
892:(here refers to the rural areas of the country), the rural or countryside parts of the Dominican Republic where it originated. Prior to the 1960's, at the time of Trujillo's dictatorship accompanied by censorship, the word
1192:") the writers said: "In the past decade, bachata has been transformed from a ballad-style guitar music of the rural poor in the Dominican Republic to the hottest new music in the international Latino music market."
1089:. Beyond the Dominican Republic, Dominican people continued to migrate outside the Dominican Republic years after Trujillo's death, carrying bachata music with them where they went such as New York City.
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and "introduced musical innovations such as an electric rather than acoustic lead guitar, faster tempi, and multitrack recording." Durán was the first to record with electric guitar in his 1987 bachata-
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955:
910:, or music for low ranking military and police men. Still, Bachata music prevailed through the 50s as poor, working class people played bachata music in bars and brothels.
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The 1960's signal the immense spread of bachata music—the decade saw the birth of the Dominican music industry and of the bachata music which would dominate it.
1001:, an entrepreneur, offered bachateros the option to finance records—paying the service fee in installments—and publish them on a record label. Singers such as
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1148:, is credited with making the genre more acceptable and helping bachata achieve legitimacy and international recognition. Although he used the word
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were used instead of gĂĽira. The change in the 1980s from maracas to the more versatile gĂĽira was made as bachata was becoming more dance oriented.
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615:
482:
1722:
Gill, Hannah; Savino, Giovanni (2005-01-01). "Reviewed Work: Bachata: MĂşsica del Pueblo (Bachata: Music of the People) by Giovanni Savino".
818:. These new modern styles of bachata became an international phenomenon, and today bachata is one of the most popular styles of Latin music.
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and guira of modern bachata. Bachata further transformed in the 21st century with the creation of urban bachata styles by bands such as
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As studios began recording bachata music in the 1960s, bachata music listeners beyond the countryside were exposed to the music.
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includes covers of Western pop songs played on MTV and non-Latin radio stations. Notable artists of the new fusion genre are
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recorded the first official bachata songs released on 45 rpm and got air-time on the radio stations for select songs ("
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is a genre of music that originated in the Dominican Republic in the 20th century. It contains elements of European (mainly
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bachata artists. It was also at this time that bachata began to emerge internationally as a music of Hispanic dance-halls.
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performanced in bars, brothels, and small venues in poor city neighborhoods and el campo. Bachata music became known as
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repetitive chords is a distinctive characteristic of bachata), but when they change to merengue-based bachata, the
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Although the first official bachata song was released in 1962, bachata music had already existed informally in
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By the early 1990s, the sound was further modernized and the bachata scene was dominated by two new artists:
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had taken the bachata envisioned by Juan Luis Guerra in the early 1990s to new heights. Led by lead singer
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Horn, David; Feldman, Heidi; Courteau, Mona-Lynn; Jerez, Pamela Narbona; Malcomson, Hettie, eds. (2014).
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In the 1990s, however, bachata's instrumentation changed from nylon string Spanish guitar and maracas of
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sound but also its associated dance form. Dance studios began to incorporate this modernized version of
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also participated in the informal music sector where they paid studios to record songs on records or
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1991:
1611:"The popularity of the Bachata - a dance from the Dominican Republic is growing in Europe"
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Bloomsbury Encyclopedia of Popular Music of the World: Genres: Caribbean and Latin America
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1521:"From Radio Guarachita to El Tieto eShow : Bachata's Imagined Communities"
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and sold them to people and establishments for low prices. Establishments like
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Bachata Site: About Original Bachata incl. Dance-Videos and Dance-Tutorials
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958:"). Following Calderon's bachata debut, recordings by the likes of such as
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The popularity of bachata music steadily rose during the 1970s and 1980s.
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Roorda, Eric Paul; Derby, Lauren; González, Raymundo, eds. (2014-04-28).
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in the album title, his songs have a more traditional bolero sound.
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to the music. Bachata groups mainly play a straightforward style of
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1259:, 1995, Temple University Press. Retrieved on December 4, 2008
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By the 1980s, different styles of Bachata music began to appear.
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in el campo bought popular bachata recordings and played them on
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838:(lead guitar), segunda (rhythm guitar), bass guitar, bongos and
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1563:, 1995, Temple University Press. Retrieved on December 4, 2008.
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Bachata : a social history of a Dominican popular music
756:("bitterness", "bitter music"), until the mood-neutral term
2937:
1761:
Comprehensive history of bachata with music and video clips
94:
884:: Trujillo's dictatorship and the origins of bachata music
42:
Dominican folk bachata musicians - Amargue Bachata Quintet
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1155:
By the beginning of the 21st century, the bachata group
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The typical bachata group consists of five instruments:
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European Review of Latin American and Caribbean Studies
1575:"Intellectuals and Dictators in the Dominican Republic"
930:
1960s: Trujillo's death and the spread of bachata music
732:
The first recorded compositions of bachata was done by
19:
This article is about music genre. For dance type, see
1561:
Bachata, A social history of a Dominican popular music
1257:
Bachata, A social history of a Dominican popular music
768:
reach the mainstream media. The genre was declared an
1851:
1775:
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National Geographic.com - Nat Geo Music: Bachata page
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Movers and Shakers Salsa & Bachata Dance Academy
1364:
1202:Latin Grammy Award for Best Merengue/Bachata Album
1046:1970s–1980s: The continual growth of bachata music
926:for their customers to listen to while shopping.
2993:
1329:
752:). The original term used to name the genre was
725:and African musical elements, representing the
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483:
2981:Hispanic-influenced music in the Philippines
1093:1990s–2000s: The acceptance of bachata music
842:. The segunda serves the purpose of adding
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1336:. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
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2053:
1456:"The Humble Roots Of Old-School Bachata"
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820:
778:
770:Intangible Cultural Heritage of humanity
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1042:and used it as an insult to the music.
16:Music genre from the Dominican Republic
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1514:
1512:
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1277:"Music and dance of Dominican Bachata"
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736:in 1962 ("Borracho de amor") from the
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1292:"All About Bachata Boy Band Aventura"
1034:still referred to impromptu parties.
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1572:
1644:(1 ed.). New York: Routledge.
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1501:
881:
850:(lead guitar instrumentation using
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760:became popular. The form of dance,
13:
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1330:Pacini Hernandez, Deborah (1995).
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34:
14:
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1638:Hutchinson, Sydney (2019-10-22).
1485:"What is Bachata? | iASO Records"
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764:, also developed with the music.
301:Nationalistic and patriotic songs
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1797:
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906:, or music of little worth, and
748:(and later, from the mid-1980s,
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3007:Music of the Dominican Republic
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1519:Sellers, Julie A. (June 2022).
795:with more elements coming from
202:Music of The Dominican Republic
1525:Latin American Research Review
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862:drum. In the 1960s and 1970s,
1:
1641:Focus: Music of the Caribbean
1425:10.5040/9781501329210-0000489
1419:. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc.
1368:The Dominican Republic Reader
1217:
729:of the Dominican population.
1699:"Juan Luis Guerra Biography"
1573:Baud, Michiel (2008-04-15).
1190:Bachata: Music of the People
1127:Dominican singer-songwriter
858:will switch from bongo to a
344:Aruba and the Dutch Antilles
7:
1697:iASO Records, David Wayne.
1559:Pacini Hernandez, Deborah.
1263:September 10, 2004, at the
1251:Pacini Hernandez, Deborah.
1195:
10:
3043:
1710:Juan Luis Guerra Biography
1253:"Brief history of Bachata"
1232:"Origins of Bachata Music"
1186:Bachata: MĂşsica Del Pueblo
873:
869:
740:. Bachata originates from
18:
3027:Dominican styles of music
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1371:. Duke University Press.
678:Dominican Republic portal
444:St Vincent and Grenadines
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28:
1674:"Where is Bachata From?"
956:Que será de mi (Condena)
787:The genre mixed the pan-
783:A couple dancing bachata
507:This article is part of
1142:-winning 1992 release,
1030:since the term "bachata
1161:Anthony "Romeo" Santos
1132:
826:
791:American style called
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1712:, 2008, iASO Records.
1650:10.4324/9781315106052
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808:electric steel string
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276:Media and performance
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3017:2010s in Latin music
3012:2000s in Latin music
1852:Music genres in the
1588:10.18352/erlacs.9628
1377:10.2307/j.ctv11hpqs5
1067:la musica de amargue
1056:la musica de amargue
997:were also released.
991:Eladio Romero Santos
979:Antonio GĂłmez Sacero
948:José Manuel Calderón
734:José Manuel Calderón
616:World Heritage Sites
2815:Afro-Peruvian music
2138:Afro-Peruvian music
1538:10.1017/lar.2022.20
1489:www.iasorecords.com
1238:. 14 December 2018.
804:traditional bachata
454:Trinidad and Tobago
339:Antigua and Barbuda
67:Traditional bachata
2721:Charanga-vallenata
2153:Son de los Diablos
1792:Dominican Republic
1704:2009-09-03 at the
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964:Rafael Encarnacion
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812:Monchy y Alexandra
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738:Dominican Republic
727:cultural diversity
663:Telecommunications
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52:Dominican Republic
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1434:978-1-5013-2921-0
1386:978-0-8223-7652-1
1087:Leonardo Paniagua
1083:Silvestre Peguero
1003:Melinda Rodriguez
972:El Chivo Sin Ley,
968:Ramoncito Cabrera
960:Rodobaldo Duartes
908:mĂşsica de guardia
904:mĂşsica cachivache
899:negative emotions
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2871:Other genres
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2473:Puerto Rican
1727:
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1693:
1683:November 16,
1681:. Retrieved
1677:
1668:
1640:
1619:. Retrieved
1617:. 2015-06-16
1614:
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1492:. Retrieved
1488:
1463:. Retrieved
1459:
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1367:
1360:
1332:
1299:. Retrieved
1295:
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1256:
1236:Pimsleur.com
1235:
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1174:Prince Royce
1170:
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1145:Bachata Rosa
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611:Coat of arms
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238:La Mangulina
232:
174:Other topics
2969:Latin music
2893:Contradanza
2785:Tecnocumbia
2760:New Chilean
2745:Bullerengue
2601:Cha-cha-cha
2534:jalisciense
2524:Mexican Son
2408:Alternative
2371:Nuevo tango
2270:Duranguense
2218:Nueva trova
2063:Alternative
2017:Latin urban
1875:Carnavalito
1804:Latin music
1581:(84): 101.
1207:Latin music
1110:Luis Vargas
983:Luis Segura
975:Corey Perro
852:arpeggiated
844:syncopation
429:Puerto Rico
135:El Salvador
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2996:Categories
2953:Villancico
2835:Latin jazz
2808:Afro-Latin
2765:Panamanian
2695:Son cubano
2488:Venezuelan
2448:Latin rock
2443:Ecuadorian
2103:Chamarrita
2096:Litoraleña
2083:Panamanian
2073:Moombahton
1979:Isa (from
1730:(1): 172.
1621:2019-11-13
1494:2022-10-04
1465:2022-10-04
1301:2020-01-07
1218:References
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2750:Colombian
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2688:romántica
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2551:Zamacueca
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2438:Dominican
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2203:Colombian
2190:Latin pop
2180:Zamacueca
2158:Toro Mata
2078:Neoperreo
2055:Reggaeton
2002:Tajaraste
1997:Pasodoble
1992:Malagueña
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1547:1542-4278
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1182:Toby Love
924:jukeboxes
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155:Nicaragua
150:Guatemala
145:Venezuela
58:Subgenres
2830:Candombe
2770:Peruvian
2661:Pachanga
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2616:Charanga
2606:Champeta
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2529:huasteco
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2290:Ranchera
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1948:Cantiñas
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1933:Flamenco
1928:Fandango
1890:Morenada
1880:Diablada
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1702:Archived
1615:euronews
1352:30892082
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642:Military
624:Politics
565:Religion
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510:a series
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183:Merengue
165:Ecuador
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2328:Milonga
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2208:Mexican
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1012:bachata
954:" and "
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825:Bachata
806:to the
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715:Bachata
658:Tourism
650:Economy
593:Symbols
570:Cuisine
550:History
542:Society
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394:Grenada
379:Curaçao
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