Red Army Faction - Knowledge

1524:"The Baader–Meinhof Gang drew a measure of support that violent leftists in the United States, like the Weather Underground, never enjoyed. A poll at the time showed that a quarter of West Germans under forty felt sympathy for the gang and one-tenth said they would hide a gang member from the police. Prominent intellectuals spoke up for the gang's righteousness Germany even into the 1970s was still a guilt-ridden society. When the gang started robbing banks, newscasts compared its members to Bonnie and Clyde. (Andreas) Baader, a charismatic action man indulged in the imagery, telling people that his favourite movies were Bonnie and Clyde, which had recently come out, and The Battle of Algiers. The pop poster of Che Guevara hung on his wall, he paid a designer to make a Red Army Faction logo, a drawing of a machine gun against a red star." 1285:"World War II was only twenty years earlier. Those in charge of the police, the schools, the government – they were the same people who'd been in charge under Nazism. The chancellor, Kurt Georg Kiesinger, had been a Nazi. People started discussing this only in the 60s. We were the first generation since the war, and we were asking our parents questions. Due to the Nazi past, everything bad was compared to the Third Reich. If you heard about police brutality, that was said to be just like the SS. The moment you see your own country as the continuation of a fascist state, you give yourself permission to do almost anything against it. You see your action as the resistance that your parents did not put up." 1873:), G. Peck (NSA), and Gary Thomas gave extensive interviews (organized by defense lawyers) on 23 June 1976 where they explained how FRG support was crucial for U.S. operations in Vietnam. Peck concluded that the RAF "was the response to criminal aggression of the U.S. government in Indochina and the assistance of the German government. The real terrorist was my government." Thomas presented data about the joint operations of FRG and U.S. secret services in Eastern Europe. He had also observed the Stammheim trial and referred to a CIA instructor teaching them how to make a murder look like a suicide. These statements were confirmed by the CIA case officer 2613: 2132: 666:, never the Baader–Meinhof Group or Baader–Meinhof Gang. The name refers to all incarnations of the organization: the "first generation" RAF, which consisted of Baader, Ensslin, Meinhof, and others; the "second generation" RAF; and the "third generation" RAF, which existed in the 1980s and 90s. The terms "Baader–Meinhof Gang" and "Baader–Meinhof Group" were first used by the media and the government. The group never used these names to refer to itself, because it viewed itself as a co-founded group consisting of numerous members and not a group with two figureheads. 495: 3027: 466: 289: 1822:, Kurt Groenewold, who had been working preparing for the trial for three years, were expelled the second day of the trial. On 23 June 1975, Croissant, Ströbele (who had already been expelled), and Mary Becker were arrested, and in the meantime police invaded several defense attorneys' offices and homes, seizing documents and files. Ströbele and Croissant were remanded and held for four and eight weeks respectively. Croissant had to pay 80,000 Deutsche Marks and report weekly to a police station, and his transport and identity papers were seized. 439: 1577: 312: 11034: 362: 265: 277: 10998: 3788: 1223: 301: 11046: 3335: 407: 347: 332: 11010: 1276: 1786:

was reported by both the defendants' attorneys and some of the prison's doctors that the physical and psychological state of the prisoners held in solitary confinement and white cells was such that they could not attend the long trial days and defend themselves appropriately. By the time the Stammheim trial began in early 1975, some of the prisoners had already been in solitary confinement for three years.

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brought to a hospital. Authorities claimed that the prisoners – who had been held in isolation for weeks – learned of the failure of the hijacking through smuggled radio equipment, and coordinated the group suicide over an improvised electronic communication system between their maximum-security cells, which had been under surveillance during previous hostage crises.

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from the mistakes of the first and second generations. “You were up to date with the latest forensic technology” In addition, you were much more reserved in your actions. “The first generations had many supporters and many members who at some point became soft. The third generation learned from this that they lived very conspiratorially and insularly.”

4266:, submitted to the Third Congress of the Comintern" states that "to carry out daily party work every member should as a rule belong to a small working group, a committee, a commission, a fraction, or a cell." Cited in Louis Proyect, "The Comintern and the German Communist Party;" or the description of the "Bolshevik-Leninist Fraction" in the article 1109:. There were protesters but also hundreds of supporters of the Shah, as well as a group of fake supporters armed with wooden staves, there to disturb the normal course of the visit. These extremists beat the protesters. After a day of angry protests by exiled Iranian radical Marxists, a group widely supported by German students, the Shah visited the 2321:

In 1992, the German government assessed that the RAF's main field of engagement now was missions to release imprisoned RAF members. To weaken the organization further the government declared that some RAF inmates would be released if the RAF refrained from violent attacks in the future. Subsequently,

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At several points in the Stammheim trial, microphones were turned off while defendants were speaking. They were often expelled from the hall, and other actions were taken. It was later revealed that the conversation they had between themselves as well as with their attorneys were recorded. Finally it

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While the trial progressed, the prisoners received visits from lawyers (and on rare occasions relatives; friends were not allowed). For those visits, three jailers were always present to observe the conversations between prisoners and visitors. The prisoners were not allowed to meet each other inside

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was built especially for the RAF and was considered one of the most secure prison blocks around the world at the time. The prisoners were transferred there in 1975 (three years after their arrest). The roof and the courtyard were covered with steel mesh. During the night, the precinct was illuminated

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A family of four (two adults and two children) who were out hunting mushrooms, made their way through a broken fence the day after the sniper incident and were killed in an accidental shooting by members of the 3/17th Field Artillery Battalion, who were on high alert. They were guarding the NATO 2–3

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The judges and their pasts are considered important by supporters of the accused. Judge Weiss (Mahler's trial) had judged Joachim Raese (president of the Third Reich's court) as innocent seven times. When he threatened Meinhof that she would be put into a glass cage she answered caustically, "So you

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During the trial, accredited media correspondents had to pass a police road block 400 meters from the court. The police noted their data and the number-plate and photographed their cars. After that they had to pass three verification audits, and finally they were undressed and two judicial officials

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in its public statements, especially in its early years. One of the Maoist doctrines emphasized by the group was the importance of organizing political resistance to bourgeois society, and that armed struggle from the fringes of society will bring the revolution into mainstream society as well, with

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who was then President of the German Employers' Association (and thus one of the most powerful industrialists in West Germany), was abducted in a violent kidnapping. On 5 September 1977, Schleyer's convoy was stopped by the kidnappers reversing a car into the path of Schleyer's vehicle, causing the

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candidate in the race for the mayor of West Berlin. In exchange for the release of Lorenz, the group demanded that several RAF and 2 June Movement members that were imprisoned for reasons other than violence be released from jail. The government obliged and released several of these members for the

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On 4 May (five days before Meinhof's death) the four defendants demanded to be allowed to provide data about the Vietnam War. They claimed that because the military intervention in Vietnam by the U.S. (and, indirectly, the FRG) had violated international law, the U.S. military bases in West Germany

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units arrested 23 suspected RAF members, invaded of dozens of homes, left-wing bookstores, and meeting places, and made arrests. No guerrillas were found. BKA's chief, Horst Herold stated that despite the fact that "large-scale operations usually don't bring practical results, the impression of the

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Acting on Carlos Marighella's influential Minimanual of the Urban Guerilla and the Maoist tenet that bringing the armed struggle from the fringes of society to the center of the metropole is the necessary precondition for meaningfully altering the superstructure, the RAF attempted to aggravate the

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Historians and the German authorities have much more clarity about the names and actions of the first and second generations of the RAF than is the case with the third generation. The lawyer and author Butz Peters describes the third generation of the RAF as a “black box”: The members have learned

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The government hastily approved several special laws for use during the Stammheim trial. Lawyers were excluded from trial for the first time since 1945, after being accused of various inappropriate actions, such as helping to form criminal organizations (Section 129, Criminal Law). The authorities

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that his deposition was prepared in cooperation with police. Müller was reported to "break" during the third hunger strike in the winter of 1974–1975 which lasted 145 days. The prosecution offered him immunity for the murder of officer Norbert Schmidt in Hamburg (1971), and blamed Baader, Meinhof,

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After the conclusion of the Landshut hostage crisis was announced in the late evening of 17 October, all the RAF members incarcerated in Stammheim committed suicide during the following night. Their lawyer, Arndt Müller, had smuggled pistols into the prison. Andreas Baader and Jan-Carl Raspe shot

2100:, where flight captain Jürgen Schumann, whom the hijackers deemed not cooperative enough, was brought before an improvised "revolutionary tribunal" and murdered on 16 October. His body was dumped on the runway. The aircraft again took off, flown by the co-pilot Jürgen Vietor, this time headed for 1953:

On 24 April 1975, six members affiliated with the RAF seized the West German Embassy in Stockholm. The group took hostages and set the building to explode. They demanded the release of several imprisoned members of the RAF. The government refused the request, which led to the murder of two of the

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imperialistic state (in alliance with the U.S. over Vietnam). Finally they talked about the task of urban guerrillas and undertook the political responsibility for the bombing attacks. Finally their lawyers (following Ulrike Meinhof's proposal) requested that the accused be officially regarded as

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The case remained open for a long time, as the advanced explosive method employed baffled German prosecutors, as it could not have been the work of guerrillas like the RAF. Also, all suspects of the RAF were not charged due to alibis. However, the case received new light in late 2007 when German

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tried to kill herself with a knife, but survived severely injured. The suicides went unnoticed until early next morning. Doctors were rushed in. Baader and Ensslin were already dead when found. Raspe was still alive and moved to the hospital where he died soon after. Möller recovered after being

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that the Soviet Union and its European satellite states had become traitors to the communist cause by, in effect if not in rhetoric, giving the United States a free pass in their exploitation of Third World populations and support of "useful" Third World dictators. Nevertheless, RAF members did

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Police in Europe investigating the whereabouts of Ernst-Volker Staub, Burkhard Garweg and Daniela Klette stated that a search had been made in Spain, France and Italy. This followed reports that they could be hiding in the Netherlands in 2017 after being suspected of masterminding robberies in

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from a joint U.S. and British storage facility. The reports also indicated that the RAF had intended to use the stolen gas in German cities. It eventually turned out that the mustard gas canisters were merely misplaced; however, the RAF still successfully capitalized on the news by frightening

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On 13 and 14 January 1976 the defendants readied their testimony (about 200 pages), in which they analyzed the role of imperialism and its fight against the revolutionary movements in the countries of the "third world". They also expounded the fascistization of West Germany and its role as an

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The legitimacy of violent and political resistance was also stressed by Mao Zedong, who was widely cited by the RAF in its first public statements. In contrast to the violent resistance of terrorist factions, political Maoists stressed the importance of political resistance to the bourgeois

1667:, his driver, and his bodyguard were shot and killed by two RAF members while waiting at a red traffic light. Buback, who had been a Nazi member during WWII, was considered by RAF as one of the key persons for their trial. Among other things, two years earlier, while being interviewed by 2043:, which, instead of acceding, resolved to employ delaying tactics to give the police time to discover Schleyer's location. At the same time, a total communication ban was imposed on the prison inmates, who were now allowed visits only from government officials and the prison chaplain. 2032:

Mercedes in which he was being driven to crash. Once the convoy was stopped, five masked assailants immediately shot and killed three policemen and the driver and took Schleyer hostage. One of the group (Sieglinde Hofmann) produced her weapon from a pram she was pushing down the road.

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thoroughly searched their bodies. They were allowed to keep only a pencil and a notepad inside the court. Their personal items including their identity papers were withheld by the authorities during the trial. Every journalist could attend the trial only twice (two days).

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was addressed to the restive students of the sixties. Marcuse argued that only marginal groups of students and poor alienated workers could effectively resist the system. Both Gramsci and Marcuse came to the conclusion that analyzing the ideological underpinnings and the

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as part of pressure to secure the release of several non-RAF detainees, alongside estranged member Horst Mahler (who declined to be freed). Since none of these were on trial for murder, the state agreed, and those inmates (and later Lorenz himself) were released.

2123:, an elite unit of the German federal police. All four hijackers were shot; three of them died on the spot. None of the passengers were seriously hurt and Wischnewski was able to phone Schmidt and tell the Bonn crisis team that the operation had been a success. 1209:, which had run headlines such as "Stop Dutschke now!", was accused of being the chief culprit in inciting the shooting. Meinhof commented, "If one sets a car on fire, that is a criminal offence. If one sets hundreds of cars on fire, that is political action." 1889:

had been killed by a policeman in 1967 was the bombing of the Kaufhaus Schneider department store. On 2 April 1968, affiliates of the group firebombed the store and caused an estimated US$ 200,000 in property damage. Prominent members of the bombing included

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Two former members of the RAF, Karl-Heinz Ruhland and Gerhard Müller, testified under BKA's orders, as revealed later. Their statements were often contradictory, something that was also commented on in the newspapers. Ruhland himself later reported to

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Two people killed: Airman First Class Frank Scarton and Becky Bristol, a U.S. civilian employee who also was the spouse of a U.S. Air Force enlisted man. A granite monument marks the spot where they died. Twenty people were also injured. Army Spec.

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On 16 February 1979 Croissant was arrested (on the accusation of supporting a criminal organization – section 129) after France denied his request for political asylum, and was sentenced to a prison term of two and half years to be served in

2938:) were engaged in target practice when they were confronted by police. A shootout followed where one policeman (Hans-Wilhelm Hans, 26) was shot dead, and one of the RAF members (Knoll) was wounded so badly that he later died from his injuries. 2808:

The driver Wolfgang Göbel and judicial officer Georg Wurster were also killed. Claimed by the Ulrike Meinhof Commando. This murder case was brought up again after the 30-year commemoration in April 2007 when information from former RAF member

6108: 1909:. The bombing resulted in the death of a US officer and the injury of 13 other people. The stated reason for the bombing was a political statement in protest of US imperialism, specifically, a protest of US mining of North Vietnam harbours. 5224:(Raspe responding Judge Foth) 'But anyway, it was the Federal Prosecutor's Office that claimed to have inside knowledge of the prisoners and publicly spread the rumour of differences of opinion and tension between us after Ulrike's death.' 559:

The RAF engaged in a series of bombings, assassinations, kidnappings, bank robberies, and shootouts with police over the course of three decades. Its activities peaked in late 1977, which led to a national crisis that became known as the

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In Germany, lifelong imprisoned convicts can apply for parole after 15 years – a period in this case extended by the court due to the number of crimes – which is to be granted whenever the convict's freedom is no longer dangerous to the

1323:) demanded that they return to custody. Only Horst Söhnlein complied with the order; the rest went underground and made their way to France, where they stayed for a time in a house owned by prominent French journalist and revolutionary 1386:), demanding a call to arms and a building of the Red Army. The article ended with the words, "Develop the class struggles. Organize the proletariat. Start the armed resistance!" Baader, Ensslin, Mahler, and Meinhof then went to 1077:

were continuing authoritarian policies from the country’s past and that the public's apparent acquiescence to these policies was a consequence of the indoctrination that the Nazis had pioneered and implemented in German society

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On 9 May 1976, Ulrike Meinhof was found dead in her prison cell, hanging from a rope made from jail towels. An investigation concluded that she had hanged herself, a result hotly contested at the time, triggering a plethora of

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where it took place. The Bundestag had earlier changed the Code of Criminal Procedure so that several of the attorneys who were accused of serving as links between the inmates and the RAF's second generation could be excluded.

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Eventually, on 28 April 1977, the trial's 192nd day, the three remaining defendants were convicted of several murders, more attempted murders, and of forming a terrorist organization; they were sentenced to life imprisonment.

1765:, the RAF's main trial judge in Stammheim, had been a Nazi Party member. Along with Federal Prosecutor Heinrich Wunder (who served as senior government official in the Ministry of Defense), Buback had ordered the arrest of 1660:. Alternative theories suggest that she took her life because she was being ostracized by the rest of the group. Her comrades consistently denied this hypothesis, repudiating alleged jailhouse recordings cited as evidence. 1058:' of society was vitally important to understanding class control (and acquiescence). This Gramscian and Marcusian contribution could perhaps be seen as an extension of Marx's work, as he did not cover this area in detail. 496: 1954:

hostages. A few of the bombs that were intended to blow up the embassy prematurely detonated, which resulted in the death of two of the six RAF affiliates. The other four members eventually surrendered to the authorities.

2164:. These theories were spread by RAF supporters and sympathizers, and some were taken up by the mainstream press. Available evidence shows that these suicides were planned and prepared for a long time by the RAF members. 467: 1553:

to raise money and bomb attacks against U.S. military facilities, German police stations, and buildings belonging to the Axel Springer press empire. In 1970, a manifesto authored by Meinhof used the name "RAF" and the

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who was being arrested by the police for engaging in a shootout. Police sergeant Heinz Lemke was shot in the foot, while Sergeant Norbert Schmid, 33, was killed, becoming the first murder to be attributed to the RAF.

3971:. After the nuclear detonation on U.S soil, the RAF attempts to launch a ground war in Berlin with a battalion of commandeered tanks, but are wiped out in a matter of hours by the armed forces of a reunified Germany. 985:

the bourgeois state revealing its oppressive apparatus by overreacting to fringe groups and their activities. A contemporaneous critique of the Red Army Faction's view of the state, published in a pirate edition of

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The following is a list of all known RAF Commando Units. Most RAF units were named after deceased RAF members, while others were named after deceased members of international militant left-wing groups such as the

1934:, the president of Germany's superior court of justice. The killing occurred after a string of events that led to a failed kidnapping by the 2 June Movement, a group that splintered off the RAF after the death of 7332: 6082: 1304:

All four of the defendants charged with arson and endangering human life were convicted, for which they were sentenced to three years in prison. In June 1969, however, they were temporarily paroled under an

6771: 4722: 2298:, had been monitoring the RAF, and in the 1980s had provided ten ex-members shelter and new identities. This was already generally suspected at the time. In 1978 part of the group was exfiltrated through 1377:

Baader was arrested again in April 1970, but on 14 May 1970 he was freed by Meinhof and others. Less than a month later, Gudrun Ensslin wrote an article in a West Berlin underground paper by the name of

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by overcoming the officers on duty and planting explosives. Although no one was seriously injured, this operation caused property damage amounting to 123 million Deutsche Marks (over 50 million euros).

6104: 1898:, two of the founders of the RAF. The bombs detonated at midnight when no one was in the store and no one was injured. As the bombs ignited, Gudrun Ensslin was at a nearby payphone, yelling to the 993:, ascribed to it "state-fetishism" – an ideologically obsessive misreading of bourgeois dynamics and the nature and role of the state in post-WWII societies, including West Germany. 6152: 1885:

The RAF has been associated with various serious criminal acts (including bombings, kidnappings and murder) since their founding. The first criminal act attributed to the group after the student

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provides a context for the RAF's origins through the perspective of Gudrun Ensslin's partner Bernward Vesper. In 2015, Jean-Gabriel Périot released his feature-length, found-footage documentary

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were drawn upon. Gramsci wrote on power, cultural, and ideological conflicts in society and institutions – real-time class struggles playing out in rapidly developing industrial

794:, who was implacably opposed to student radicalism, owned and controlled the conservative media including all of the most influential mass-circulation tabloid newspapers. The emergence of the 2998:

A land mine blew up under the bridge on which Haig's car was traveling, narrowly missing Haig's car and wounding three of his bodyguards in a following car. In 1993 a German Court sentenced

3850:(1974) describes the political climate in West Germany during the active phase of the RAF in the seventies. Schlöndorff and Trotta (who knew the leading RAF cadre) filmed the book in 1975. 6941: 3233:, the former East German secret police, may have played a role in the assassination of Herrhausen, as the bombing method was exactly the same as one that had been developed by the Stasi. 2787:

In a failed attack against the Giessen army base, the RAF sought to capture or destroy nuclear weapons present. A diversionary bomb attack on a fuel tank failed to fully ignite the fuel.

440: 2085:. When the plane landed in Rome for refueling, he issued the same demands as the Schleyer kidnappers, plus the release of two Palestinians held in Turkey and payment of US$ 15 million. 9521: 5461: 1972:

During the early 1980s, German and French newspapers reported that the police had raided an RAF safe house in Paris and had found a makeshift laboratory that contained flasks full of

1617:; eventually, they were force-fed. Holger Meins died of self-induced starvation on 9 November 1974. After public protests, their conditions were somewhat improved by the authorities. 1919:

On 24 May 1972, two weeks after the bombing of the United States headquarters in Frankfurt, the group set off a car bomb at the IDHS (Intelligence Data Handling Service) Building at

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in that cultural indoctrination and ideological manipulation through the means of communication ("repressive tolerance") dispensed with the need for complete brute force in modern '

588:, with many others injured throughout its almost thirty years of activity; 26 RAF members or supporters were killed. Although better-known, the RAF conducted fewer attacks than the 6599: 2175:, France. On 19 October, Schleyer's kidnappers announced that he had been "executed" and pinpointed his location. His body was recovered later that day in the trunk of a green 10856: 7272: 5112: 2216:

in late December 1991 was a serious blow to Leninist groups, but well into the 1990s attacks were still being committed under the name RAF. Among these were the killing of

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Almost 28 years ago, on 14 May 1970, during a liberation operation, the RAF formed. Today we end this project. The urban guerrilla in the form of the RAF is history now. (

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Nuclear storage site at the time and had been fired upon several times the night before by Christian Klar, when two US soldiers had been slightly wounded and one killed.

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tactics. Leftist groups in Germany and elsewhere had welcomed governments and political parties in society, while anarchists had called for a "state without government".

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The defense lawyers and prisoners were not the only ones affected by measures adopted for the RAF trial. On 26 November 1974 an unprecedented mobilization by police and

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Vor fast 28 Jahren, am 14. Mai 1970, entstand in einer Befreiungsaktion die RAF. Heute beenden wir dieses Projekt. Die Stadtguerilla in Form der RAF ist nun Geschichte.

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The historical development of West Germany's new left from a politico-theoretical perspective with particular emphasis on the Marxistische Gruppe and Maoist KGruppen

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Schmeidel, John (October 1993). "My Enemy's Enemy: Twenty Years of Co-operation between West Germany's Red Army Faction and the GDR Ministry for State Security".

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A letter was then received by the federal government, demanding the release of eleven detainees, including those in Stammheim. A crisis committee was formed in

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composed the song "Baader-Meinhof Blues", which is part of their 1985 self-titled first album. The lyrics reference urban violence and brazilian social issues.

1969:’s loosely guarded military armories. According to the source, the group was involved in the theft of 200 Swiss rifles, 500 revolvers, and 400 large grenades. 1346:

The Red Army Faction was formed with the intention of complementing the plethora of revolutionary and radical groups across West Germany and Europe, as a more

2448:, who had filed a pardon application several years before. On 7 May 2007, pardon was denied; regular parole was later granted on 24 November 2008. RAF member 9707: 6444: 2334: 1703: 1644:

refused to give in to their demands. Two of the hostage-takers died from injuries they suffered when the explosives they planted detonated later that night.

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revolt from the beginning. From their personal experiences and assessments of the socio-economic situation, they soon became more specifically influenced by

676:"The Red Army Faction's Urban Guerrilla Concept is not based on an optimistic view of the prevailing circumstances in the Federal Republic and West Berlin." 5790: 5139:, Bangladesh Institute of International & Strategic Studies, July 2002 – note 9 and corresponding text. Restricted access on this website 21 June 2008. 4660: 9138: 4718: 4789: 2882:

3 police-officers, Reinhold Brändle (41); Helmut Ulmer (24); Roland Pieler (20); and the driver Heinz Marcisz (41) are also killed during the kidnapping.

2485:, Klette's arrest followed an investigative TV report about the missing trio, which sparked 250 independent tips to local police about their whereabouts. 7310: 6156: 4763: 4259: 5939:. Lecture prepared for the Conference of Revisionist Historians on 3 April 2001. The meeting was prohibited by the Lebanese government on 23 March 2001. 1702:

by 54 spotlights and twenty-three neon bulbs. Special military forces, including snipers, guarded the roof. Four hundred police officers along with the

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Dionysius de Jong (19) was shot to death, and Johannes Goemanns (24) later died of his wounds, when they were involved in a gunfight with RAF members

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German Police officer Herbert Schoner, 32, was shot by members of the RAF in a bank robbery. The four militants escaped with 134,000 Deutsche Marks.

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was kidnapped and killed the night before for his military ID card which was used to gain access to the base. The French revolutionary organization

1398:(PLO) guerrillas and looked to the Palestinian cause for inspiration and guidance. But RAF organization and outlook were also partly modeled on the 10841: 10368: 9118: 6797: 3964: 834:(APO) was formed with the intent of generating protest and political activity outside of government. In 1972 a law was passed – the 5059:

National Criminal Justice Reference Service (U.S.), National Institute of Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice (1978). "International summaries".

5037: 8685: 7342: 4848: 4072:, written and directed by C. S. Leigh, tells the story of the time Andreas Baader spent hiding in the apartment of Régis Debray in Paris in 1969. 7319: 10927: 8436: 8245: 7713: 7647: 5949: 3883:, the industrial band from Sheffield, England, recorded "Baader-Meinhof" that pondered the group's importance in history and their motivations. 3877:

1978 episode "Close Quarters" features a German terrorist organization known as the "Meyer-Helmut Group", and was possibly inspired by the RAF.

2710:. Known involved RAF members: Irmgard Möller and Angela Luther, Andreas Baader, Ulrike Meinhof, Gudrun Ensslin, Holger Meins, Jan-Carl Raspe. 8080: 7951: 7368: 6311:, "An Age of Murder: Ideology and Terror in Germany, 1969–1991", lecture at the German Historical Institute in Washington, 27 September 2007. 4435: 4223: 3423: 2067: 1732:

wondered whether that atmosphere anticipated "the condemnation of the defendants who were allegedly responsible for the emergency measures".

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The so-called second generation of the RAF emerged at that time, consisting of sympathizers independent of the inmates. On 27 February 1975,

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McAdams, David; Kornblet, Sarah (2011). "Baader-Meinhof Group (OR Baader-Meinhof Gang". In Pilch, Richard F.; Zilinskas, Raymond A. (eds.).

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features a secondary character attempting to run away to join the Red Army Faction, serving as a catalyst for the later events of the film.

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Bombing outside of Officers' Club followed by a second bomb moments later in front of Army Security Agency (ASA), U.S. Army in Europe (HQ

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state economy, was shot and killed. The assassins of Zimmermann, von Braunmühl, Herrhausen, and Rohwedder were never reliably identified.

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band, released a fundraising single entitled ''Soutien à la RAF'' ''(support to the RAF'') with one track named ''Baader-Meinhof Blues''

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died during the mission. Due to a number of operational mistakes involving the various police services, German Minister of the Interior

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released a single 'B' side in 1978, entitled "RAF" (featuring a cut-up tape loop of German dialogue) named after the Red Army Faction.

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themselves with these weapons – Baader in the back of his head – while Gudrun Ensslin hanged herself.

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the prison, until late 1975 when a regular meeting time was established (30 minutes, twice per day), during which they were guarded.

6275: 5501: 4886: 4571: 1020:. In these meetings RAF members would discuss weapons that were needed for their activities, and pass a "shopping list" to the KGB. 10922: 8955: 7755: 7361: 3513: 3246: 2398: 2047: 1724:

questioned the possibility whether a fair trial could be conducted under these circumstances which involved siege-like conditions.

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According to scholarly research into Stasi documents, RAF members in East Germany were trained and assisted by personnel from the

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had been outlawed since 1956. Elected and appointed government positions down to the local level were often occupied by ex-Nazis.

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According to Aust, the success of this operation led to the RAF themselves to attempt their own exchange: on 24 April 1975, the

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in the United States in 1965 influenced the practical and ideological approach of the RAF founders, as well as some of those in

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news agency, signed "RAF" with the submachine-gun red star, declaring that the group had dissolved. In 1999, after a robbery in

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In Leninist terminology a "fraction" is a subset of a larger communist movement. For example, the 12 July 1921 "Theses on the

1846:

The general approach by defendants and their attorneys was to highlight the political purpose and characteristics of the RAF.

1420:

Many members of the RAF operated through a single contact or only knew others by their codenames. Actions were carried out by

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Bringing the War Home: The Weather Underground, the Red Army Faction, and Revolutionary Violence in the Sixties and Seventies

7091: 7072: 7020: 6978: 6963: 6951: 6927: 6901: 6879: 6857: 6692: 6642: 6412: 6245: 5862: 5845: 5278: 5091: 4972: 4873: 4714: 4526: 3523: 2318:, northeastern Poland, where they were also going through series of training programs along with others from Arab countries. 1946: 1481:/support base among the urban population was stressed in Marighella's guide. This publication was an antecedent to Meinhof's 1066:, his mainly economic work, was meant to be one of a series of books which would have included one on society and one on the 9869: 6509: 1461:... The urban guerrilla follows a political goal, and only attacks the government, big businesses, and foreign imperialists. 1350:

and determined force compared with some of its contemporaries. The members and supporters were already associated with the '

592:, which is held responsible for 296 bomb attacks, arson and other attacks between 1973 and 1995. The group was motivated by 9688: 9613: 9273: 8873: 8085: 6999: 6186: 6050: 6000: 2311: 1625: 1489:

groups around the globe. Although some of the Red Army Faction's supporters and operatives could be described as having an

1122: 803: 7246: 4942: 10886: 9293: 8426: 6535: 2489: 398: 17: 8535: 8463: 6260: 4493: 10975: 10328: 9423: 8401: 8286: 8240: 8235: 8181: 7934: 7827: 7640: 7159: 7110: 7051: 5936: 5696: 5618: 5561: 5483: 5436: 5357: 5166: 4181: 1681:

he stated that "We do not need regulation of our jurisdiction, national security survives thanks to people like me and

1568:

After an intense manhunt, Baader, Ensslin, Meinhof, Meins, and Raspe were eventually caught and arrested in June 1972.

1351: 799: 589: 2152:. It was alleged that the RAF members did not kill themselves, but instead were killed by the German authorities, the 10060: 9623: 8893: 8834: 7760: 5313: 4338:

Gewalt und Gedächtnis: An Examination of Gerhard Richter's 18. Oktober 1977 in Relation to the West German Mass Media

4313: 3846: 3827: 3805: 3206:

The senior diplomat of the German Foreign Office was shot by two people in front of his residence on Buchholzstraße.

1797:

Ensslin, and Raspe instead. He was eventually freed and relocated to the US after getting a new identity and 500,000

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but rather an embryonic militant unit that was embedded, in or part of, a wider communist workers' movement, i.e., a

294: 8631: 6351: 1129:, though there is no indication that Kurras' killing of Ohnesorg was under anyone's, including the Stasi's, orders. 845:

Student activists, who associated older generations of Germans with Nazism, argued against peaceful reconciliation:

842: – that banned radicals or those with a "questionable" political persuasion from public sector jobs. 9763: 9758: 9253: 9216: 8945: 8391: 3547: 3486:

Numerous West German film and TV productions have been made about the RAF. These include Klaus Lemke's telefeature

9441: 9303: 8987: 7790: 6730: 6452: 5977: 5792:

Die Beziehungen zwischen der Roten Armee Fraktion (RAF) und dem Ministerium für Staatssicherheit (MfS) in der DDR.

2115:, then undersecretary in the chancellor's office, who had been secretly flown in from Bonn. At five past midnight 730:. Many young people were alienated from their parents and the institutions of the state. The historical legacy of 10483: 9864: 9793: 9693: 9571: 9343: 9333: 8920: 8307: 7802: 7750: 7384: 4685: 4656: 3956: 2520: 2213: 1673:

magazine, he stated that "Persons like Baader don't deserve a fair trial." In February 1976, when interviewed by

1086:). The Federal Republic was exporting arms to African dictatorships, which the radicals viewed as supporting the 31: 9258: 9145: 9133: 3306:

Led to the capture of two RAF members three months later at a train station, and a shoot-out between RAF member

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The usual translation into English is the "Red Army Faction"; however, the founders wanted it to reflect not a

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On 21 May 1975, the Stammheim trial of Baader, Ensslin, Meinhof, and Raspe began, named after the district in

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boasted that no other Western state had such extensive regulation to exclude defense attorneys from a trial.

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Federal Republic into overreacting, thus exposing the unrelenting and unsympathetic mechanisms of the state.

2479:

between 2011 and 2016. On 26 February 2024, Daniela Klette was arrested in Berlin; according to coverage in

621:

the "third generation", which existed in the 1980s and 1990s up to 1998, after the first generation died in

9894: 9854: 9824: 9773: 9633: 9551: 9547: 9418: 9348: 9113: 8930: 8696: 8591: 8523: 8068: 7865: 7832: 5730: 5713: 5667: 5083: 4603: 4542: 3892: 3584: 3148: 2303: 2153: 1433: 1314: 814:

as chancellor, occurred in 1966. This horrified many on the left and was viewed as a monolithic, political

759:, a process which these leftists perceived as a failure or as ineffective, as former (actual and supposed) 204: 5895: 5527: 3108:

is shot in the head in his home. Zimmermann died twelve hours later. The assassination was claimed by the

3044:

Unsuccessful rocket propelled grenade attack against the car carrying the US Army's West German Commander

771:, the first Federal Republic chancellor (in office 1949–1963), had even appointed former Nazi sympathiser 10866: 10338: 10333: 10050: 9728: 9456: 9201: 9160: 9104: 9007: 8888: 8846: 8751: 8276: 8230: 7785: 7745: 5428: 4267: 3132: 695: 6793: 3216: 2632:

Bombing of a police station in Augsburg and the Bavarian State Criminal Investigations Agency in Munich

837: 10988: 10703: 9924: 9909: 9899: 9753: 9353: 8841: 8644: 8411: 7775: 7770: 7735: 5029: 4706: 3621: 3330:). The attack caused a four-year delay in the completion of the site that was planned to open in 1993. 3300: 2105: 1536: 1371: 1296: 1182:, a leading spokesman for protesting students, was shot in the head in an assassination attempt by the 1001: 853:

generation. You can't argue with people who made Auschwitz. They have weapons and we haven't. [

764: 7765: 7062: 4844: 2112: 1819: 1275: 11071: 10932: 10808: 10753: 10573: 9561: 9268: 8829: 8441: 8358: 7822: 4130: 2741: 2703: 1663:

During the trial, more attacks took place. One of these was on 7 April 1977, when Federal Prosecutor

1637: 1114: 866: 795: 8144: 5963: 2074:). The leader introduced himself to the passengers as "Captain Mahmud", and was later identified as 1121:, was acquitted in a subsequent trial. It was later discovered that Kurras had been a member of the 1097:

The ongoing events further catalyzed the situation. Protests turned into riots on 2 June 1967, when

10558: 10125: 9388: 9278: 9032: 8576: 8074: 7837: 7682: 5010: 4090: 3960: 3638: 3589: 3538: 3271: 2988: 2268: 2080: 1640:

by members of the RAF; two of the hostages were murdered as the German government under Chancellor

1606:), the four prisoners were able to communicate, circulating letters with the help of their defense 489: 460: 433: 38: 10298: 7812: 6971:

The United Nations and Terrorism. Germany, Multilateralism, and Antiterrorism Efforts in the 1970s

3083:

Unsuccessful attempt to bomb a school for NATO officers. The car bomb was discovered and defused.

1810:

invaded and checked the lawyers' offices for possible incriminating material. Minister of Justice

738:

structures in society (some analysts see the same occurring in post-fascism Italy, giving rise to

9788: 9733: 9718: 9658: 9466: 9446: 9206: 8883: 8488: 6849: 6768:"A German Youth brings the Red Army Faction to the Melbourne International Film Festival: review" 6321: 5959: 5685:

Deutscher Herbst in Europa: Der Linksterrorismus der siebziger Jahre als transnationales Phänomen

4810:

Scribner, Charity. "Buildings on Fire: The Situationist International and the Red Army Faction".

4632: 4518: 4068: 3880: 3798: 3650: 3417: 2225: 1957:

In May 1975, several British intelligence reports circulated that stated that the RAF had stolen

1233: 1140:, Ohnesorg's death galvanized many young Germans and became a rallying point for the West German 1055: 815: 691: 227: 8691: 4059:

provides a fictionalized account of the actions and lives of key members of the RAF. It won the

3086:

A total of ten incidents followed over the next month, against US, British, and French targets.

2248: 1931: 1858:

were justifiable targets of international retaliation. They requested several politicians (like

1706:

patrolled the building. The mounted police officers rotated on a double shift. One hundred more

596:

political concerns and the perceived failure of their parents' generation to confront Germany's

10578: 10082: 9476: 9150: 8626: 8386: 8381: 8174: 8056: 7703: 6322:"Anschlag der Rote Armee Fraktion auf das Frankfurter Hauptquartier der US-Armee, 11. Mai 1972" 4010: 3493: 2612: 2310:, Peter Boock, Rolf Wagner, and Sieglinde Hoffmann spent most of the year in facilities of the 1869:

Later when their requests were rejected, U.S. agents Barton Osbourne (ex-CIA, ex-member of the

980:" though they effectively added to or updated this ideological tradition. RAF frequently cited 10788: 6682: 6377: 2680:. The building was not evacuated even though warnings about the bombing were made by the RAF. 2325:

The last action taken by the RAF took place in 1993 with a bombing of a newly-built prison in

1866:) as well as some former U.S. agents (who were willing to testify) to be called as witnesses. 1752: 10813: 10097: 10092: 9859: 9748: 9703: 9663: 9598: 9542: 9461: 9243: 9057: 8935: 8853: 8761: 8726: 8636: 8581: 8478: 8319: 6428:

Barry L. Rothberg, "Averting Armageddon: Preventing Nuclear Terrorism in the United States",

6022: 4999: 4823: 4219: 3896:

in 1977–1978, that shows Nerdrum's personal commentary to the events in the Stammheim prison.

3556: 3508: 2872: 2769:

22-year-old Fritz Sippel was shot in the head when checking an RAF member's identity papers.

2252: 2168: 2116: 2024: 1974: 1559: 1098: 988: 719: 565: 72: 7493: 7220: 6484: 6301: 5689:

The German Autumn in Europe: The leftwing terrorism of the 70s as a transnational phenomenon

3743:

tells Ulrike Meinhof's story from the perspective of her daughter, journalist and historian

2810: 10353: 10120: 9975: 9929: 9844: 9839: 9638: 9537: 9486: 9481: 9373: 9328: 9283: 9221: 9052: 9027: 8977: 8905: 8819: 8669: 8271: 8250: 7817: 7797: 7718: 7656: 6324:[assault on the headquarters of the US army in Frankfurt by the Red Army Faction]. 3947: 3899:

In the mid-1980s, an Italian band called RAF Punk named themselves after this organization.

3765: 3561: 3282: 3045: 3012: 2677: 2438: 2299: 2287: 2051: 2050:

carried out its biggest investigation to date. Matters escalated when, on 13 October 1977,

1941:

Starting in February 1975 and continuing through March 1975, the 2 June Movement kidnapped

1585: 1584:

After the arrest of the protagonists of the first generation of the RAF, they were held in

1498: 1110: 1090:

and engineering the remilitarization of Germany with the U.S.-led entrenchment against the

977: 811: 553: 525: 217: 2847:, is shot in his home during an attempted kidnapping. Ponto later dies from his injuries. 2322:

the RAF announced their intention to "de-escalate" and refrain from significant activity.

8: 10798: 10713: 10708: 10608: 10471: 10268: 10152: 10067: 9955: 9808: 9803: 9783: 9768: 9678: 9673: 9578: 9511: 9501: 9413: 9408: 9398: 9298: 9238: 9211: 9037: 9022: 8992: 8970: 8756: 8746: 8473: 8396: 8366: 8350: 7842: 7677: 7573: 7283: 6272: 4566: 4355: 4222:, which criminalized 'supporting or participating in a terrorist organization,' into the 4022: 3634: 3504: 3182: 3122: 2999: 2714: 2244: 2228: 2149: 2131: 1899: 1494: 1457:

a person who fights the military dictatorship with weapons, using unconventional methods.

1347: 1148:, a militant-Anarchist group, later took its name to honor the date of Ohnesorg's death. 1049: 618:

the "second generation", after the majority of the first generation was arrested in 1972.

517: 9653: 9566: 4387: 3990: 3201: 2381:

news agency, signed "RAF" with the machine-gun red star, declaring the group dissolved:

1714:

detectives guarded the front of the court area. Finally, helicopters overflew the area.

10952: 10748: 10733: 10658: 10638: 10633: 10618: 10465: 10213: 9965: 9849: 9603: 9506: 9491: 9403: 9393: 9368: 9363: 9128: 9082: 8997: 8982: 8925: 8741: 8664: 8540: 8431: 8421: 7912: 7614: 7538: 6919: 5758: 5015: 4755: 4164: 3681: 3026: 2602: 2449: 2307: 2063: 2009: 1310: 1191: 933: 776: 727: 247: 10648: 10477: 7523: 7288: 7044:

Daring To Struggle, Failing To Win: The Red Army Factions 1977 Campaign Of Desperation

5585: 1927:. The bombing resulted in the deaths of three soldiers and the injury of five others. 921: 580:, police officers, American servicemen stationed in Germany, as well as many cases of 10965: 10818: 10763: 10738: 10693: 10623: 10598: 10563: 10553: 10522: 10409: 10293: 10263: 10000: 9990: 9904: 9798: 9643: 9358: 9155: 9012: 8965: 8863: 8814: 8788: 8766: 8606: 8586: 8530: 8518: 8332: 8167: 7956: 7939: 7578: 7568: 7543: 7513: 7508: 7463: 7205:

A Herstory of the Revolutionary Cells and Rote Zora: Armed Resistance in West Germany

7203: 7189: 7170: 7155: 7143: 7106: 7087: 7068: 7047: 7016: 7010: 6995: 6974: 6959: 6947: 6923: 6897: 6875: 6853: 6688: 6655: 6408: 6241: 5841: 5770: 5692: 5614: 5567: 5557: 5432: 5353: 5319: 5309: 5284: 5274: 5181: 5162: 5087: 4869: 4710: 4636: 4522: 4309: 3857: 3529: 3447: 3315: 3222: 3136: 3020: 2761: 2707: 2636: 2593: 2358: 2260: 2055: 1920: 1811: 1657: 1506: 1440: 1436:

members, isolated cell-like organization was absent or took on a more flexible form.

1410: 1405:

movement, which had developed as an urban resistance movement, effectively inverting

1118: 1081: 1044: 581: 529: 521: 252: 10942: 10613: 7996: 7438: 5610: 5132: 4360:"'We Are Not Political Idiots!': Thoughts On The End Of The Red Army Fraction (RAF)" 2141: 1613:

To protest against their treatment by authorities, they went on several coordinated

1164: 505:

militant group founded in 1970 and active until 1998. The RAF described itself as a

11038: 11026: 10728: 10653: 10583: 10568: 10548: 10495: 10278: 10273: 10253: 10203: 10193: 10020: 9985: 9970: 9919: 9648: 9588: 9428: 9087: 9067: 8776: 8718: 8712: 8679: 8659: 8649: 8498: 8299: 8291: 7807: 7563: 7548: 7533: 7408: 6402: 6077: 5818: 5651:

Clough, Patricia (6 September 1977). "Four die in kidnap of German industrialist".

5634:

Spitzer, Gretel (5 August 1977). "Cartridges used to kill banker found by police".

5606: 5390: 5236: 4463: 4359: 4186: 4034: 4014:. In this concept album, all songs are a romanticized retelling of the RAF actions. 3914: 3753: 3659: 3579: 3432: 3105: 2927: 2803: 2561: 2421: 2221: 2217: 2017: 1913: 1905:

On 11 May 1972, the RAF placed three pipe bombs at a United States headquarters in

1835: 1762: 1698: 1669: 1664: 1589: 1546: 1133: 965: 917: 823: 723: 622: 577: 510: 237: 7973: 7968: 7944: 7353: 5058: 4657:"The Revival of Holocaust Awareness in West Germany, Israel and the United States" 4242:... the only crime she was guilty of was membership in a terrorist organization" ( 3903: 3841: 3518: 2452:

was granted release on five-year parole by a German court on 12 February 2007 and

2203:... The struggle has only begun. Freedom through armed, anti-imperialist struggle. 2180: 10947: 10803: 10793: 10778: 10758: 10743: 10718: 10663: 10428: 10396: 10288: 10248: 10010: 10005: 9945: 9886: 9618: 9496: 9323: 9288: 9196: 9191: 8915: 8809: 8483: 8416: 8406: 8371: 8327: 8314: 8266: 8001: 7922: 7880: 7875: 7687: 7672: 7604: 7553: 7458: 7314: 7295: 7227: 6826: 6753: 6734: 6684:

The Red Army Faction, a Documentary History: Volume 1: Projectiles for the People

6513: 6384: 6308: 6279: 6178: 6131:"New indications of German leftist terrorist group members hiding in Netherlands" 6008: 5867: 5222:(Revised English ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 255, 258–262, 285. 5188: 5144: 5116: 5006: 4984: 4852: 4831: 4771: 4726: 4689: 4664: 4615: 4599: 4575: 4554: 4497: 4418: 4263: 4045: 3968: 3909: 3860: 3534: 3438: 3399: 3319: 3278: 3152: 3144: 3109: 2961: 2722: 2684: 2658: 2508: 2500: 2460: 2425: 2386: 2342: 2195:

After 43 days we have ended Hanns-Martin Schleyer's pitiful and corrupt existence

1979: 1870: 1851: 1815: 1770: 1766: 1629: 1576: 1502: 1355: 1145: 1067: 1028: 1024: 925: 883: 768: 513: 446: 8910: 6042: 3744: 2844: 2834: 2441: 2405:

said, "With this statement the Red Army Faction has erected its own tombstone."

2333:

The last big action against the RAF took place on 27 June 1993. An agent of the

1997: 1324: 573: 11050: 10773: 10698: 10688: 10683: 10543: 10283: 10072: 9995: 9723: 9628: 9378: 9318: 8950: 8868: 8771: 8731: 8701: 8601: 8556: 7927: 7917: 7907: 7902: 7897: 7892: 7609: 7594: 7518: 7503: 7448: 7428: 7423: 7413: 7398: 7277: 7130:– Usselmann sees Richter's large cycle of gray paintings as a work of mourning. 6937: 4567:

The Sovietization of East German, Czech, and Polish Higher Education, 1945–1956

4098: 4094: 4027: 3974: 3936: 3574: 3462: 3405: 3387: 3372: 3350: 3307: 2984: 2575: 2445: 2362: 2346: 2263:

was killed with a highly complex bomb when his car triggered a photo sensor in

2040: 2013: 1916:

in Hamburg. Only three of the five bombs exploded, but 36 people were injured.

1895: 1891: 1886: 1863: 1746: 1641: 1562: 1187: 1160: 1156: 1152: 1087: 1013: 953: 941: 752: 650: 638: 615:

the "first generation", which consisted of Baader, Ensslin, Meinhof and others;

541: 537: 533: 305: 112: 99: 86: 7337:

Ryan, Mike: "The Stammheim Model – Judicial Counter-Insurgency", published in

6539: 5822: 2377:

On 20 April 1998, an eight-page typewritten letter in German was faxed to the

1982:. These reports were later found to be incorrect; no such lab was ever found. 849:

They'll kill us all. You know what kind of pigs we're up against. This is the

629:

On 20 April 1998, an eight-page typewritten letter in German was faxed to the

11060: 10937: 10783: 10678: 10643: 10628: 10588: 10130: 9960: 9698: 9608: 9471: 9451: 9338: 9099: 9077: 9042: 8621: 8616: 8571: 8493: 8453: 8202: 8128: 7708: 7498: 7488: 7403: 7230:– an English-language collection of all communiques and statements by the RAF 6911: 5288: 4629:

The Death of the KPD: Communism and Anti-Communism in West Germany, 1945–1956

4489: 4138:

The Red Army Faction, A Documentary History Vol. 1 Projectiles for the People

4080: 4017: 3706: 3669: 3645: 3323: 2978: 2965: 2935: 2902: 2840: 2598:

Bombing of US Army V Corps headquarters and the officers' mess' Terrace Club

2256: 2028: 2001: 1991: 1859: 1798: 1614: 1429: 1179: 1032: 890: 791: 735: 711: 569: 561: 388: 367: 7327: 7236:– the most comprehensive collection of RAF statements and internal documents 5571: 5323: 4436:"Did Vladimir Putin support anti-Western terrorists as a young KGB officer?" 3963:

as a major plot point. In the book, embittered RAF terrorists ally with the

3265: 2186: 564:". The RAF has been held responsible for 34 deaths, including industrialist 11014: 11002: 10723: 10673: 10603: 10593: 10447: 10435: 10422: 10228: 10055: 9556: 8804: 8654: 8513: 8508: 8503: 8209: 7558: 7453: 7443: 7433: 7418: 7186:

Terrorist Propaganda: The Red Army Faction and the Provisional IRA, 1968–86

7122:"18. Oktober 1977: Gerhard Richter's Work of Mourning and Its New Audience" 6214: 5120: 4421:, Innenministerium Nordrhein-Westfalen: Revolutionäre Zellen und Rote Zora. 4388:"Terrorist chic or debunking of a myth? Baader Meinhof film splits Germany" 3952: 3928: 3748: 3701: 3393: 3358: 3077: 3002:, a former RAF member, to life imprisonment for the assassination attempt. 2931: 2718: 2504: 2481: 2413: 2402: 2295: 2280: 1942: 1935: 1682: 1621: 1550: 1511: 1474: 1204: 1190:. Although badly injured, Dutschke returned to political activism with the 1102: 1017: 961: 948:

had studied film and was a veteran of the Berlin revolt; his short feature

945: 898: 783: 756: 742: 699: 605: 545: 412: 337: 316: 270: 232: 170: 125: 116: 90: 7266: 5268: 4703:

Legacies of Dachau: The Uses and Abuses of a Concentration Camp, 1933–2001

3281:, the agency that privatized the former East German enterprises after the 3251:

Three Red Army Faction members fired a G1 automatic rifle from across the

3169: 1965:

In the 1970's, the RAF was involved in several raids, taking advantage of

1117:

by a police officer while attending his first protest rally. The officer,

10768: 10373: 10343: 10198: 10188: 10087: 9950: 9743: 9232: 9062: 9047: 8858: 8706: 8674: 8561: 8376: 8281: 8220: 7978: 7284:

Terrorist chic or debunking of a myth? Baader Meinhof film splits Germany

7233: 6889: 6867: 6355: 5954: 5374: 5303: 5252: 4041: 4005: 3998: 3932: 3887: 3630: 3542: 3295: 3063:

Unsuccessful sniper attack against US Army Nuclear Storage Site NATO-23.

2350: 2326: 2264: 2088:

The Bonn crisis team again decided not to give in. The plane flew on via

1966: 1958: 1874: 1779: 1727: 1676: 1530: 1421: 1406: 1328: 1291: 1194:

before his death in a bathtub in 1979, as a consequence of his injuries.

1175:

as a protest against the Vietnam war. They were arrested two days later.

1137: 1106: 1091: 1061: 997: 906: 902: 772: 707: 549: 189: 7242:

English translation of 1970 founding manifesto from the Red Army Faction

5554:

Toxic terror: assessing terrorist use of chemical and biological weapons

4887:"How the Shah of Iran's visit impacted German history – DW – 06/02/2017" 4121: 10527: 10238: 10208: 10162: 10077: 10045: 10037: 9980: 9668: 9383: 9072: 8960: 8566: 7625: 7300: 6719: 6028: 5985: 5586:"Crimes Committed by Terrorist Groups: Theory, Research and Prevention" 5080:

A life for freedom: the mission to end racial injustice in South Africa

4677: 4370:

from the original on 5 August 2011 – via Hartford Web Publishing.

4052: 3942: 3812: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 3037: 3019:

Large car-bomb exploded in the HQ USAFE and HQ 4th ATAF parking lot of

2717:

Clyde R. Bonner), 5 wounded. Claimed by 15 July Commando (in honour of

2697: 2496: 2476: 1924: 1486: 1466: 1247: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1074: 981: 929: 910: 807: 787: 9181: 4855:. Many of the documents of this period are ascribed to Ulrike Meinhof. 3139:

exploded in the parking lot across from the base commander's building

1710:

tactical police officers reinforced the police during the trial while

10823: 10668: 10517: 10490: 10303: 10258: 10167: 10135: 10115: 10107: 9436: 9226: 8006: 7870: 7599: 5636: 4834:. The interview covers early influences on European guerrilla groups. 4578:(Denazification varied greatly across occupied/post-occupied Europe.) 3987:) deals with a fictionalized aftermath of the Grams shooting in 1993. 3918:(1988) repainted photographs of the Faction members and their deaths. 3866: 3156: 3126: 3058: 2823: 2797: 2735: 2649: 2468: 2453: 2232: 2101: 2059: 2005: 1906: 1720: 1648: 1602: 1597: 1593: 1490: 1478: 1414: 1402: 1365: 1183: 1172: 957: 850: 827: 585: 506: 212: 10997: 6628:. Vol. 134, no. 46279. UPI. 4 January 1985. Archived from 6210:"Red Army Faction militant arrested in Germany after decades on run" 3787: 1600:

for each member (names deemed to have allegorical significance from

1545:

When they returned to West Germany, they began what they called an "

1222: 751:

In West Germany there was anger among leftist youth at the post-war

10402: 10243: 10140: 10015: 9834: 9738: 8878: 8736: 8190: 6916:

How It All Began: Personal Account of a West German Urban Guerrilla

6182: 6046: 5528:"Bewegung 2. Juni/Movement 2 June | Mapping Militant Organizations" 5502:"Günter von Drenkmann: Das erste Opfer des Linksterrorismus - WELT" 4411: 4171:(German) 2 books. Edition Hamburg, Hamburg 2006, ISBN 3-936096-65-1 3770: 3723: 3616: 3303:: Attacks with explosives at the construction site of a new prison 2948: 2918: 2865: 2757: 2657:

His wife Gerta was driving the car and was wounded. Claimed by the

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ideology. That said, they shied away from overt collaboration with

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Struggle against political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union

3334: 3048:. Known involved RAF members: Brigitte Mohnhaupt, Christian Klar. 2560:

RAF members Irmgard Möller and Gerhard Müller attempted to rescue

2235:), which targeted the base commander and killed two bystanders; a 2119:

on 18 October, the plane was stormed in a seven-minute assault by

1035:

through interlinked areas of political behavior. Marcuse wrote on

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Hitler's Children: The Story of the Baader-Meinhof Terrorist Gang

4786:"'State-Fetishism': some remarks concerning the Red Army Faction" 3096: 2955: 2892: 2860: 2779: 2671: 2552: 2378: 2315: 2240: 2089: 1607: 1399: 1306: 1009: 894: 734:

drove a wedge between the generations and increased suspicion of

641:

was found, causing an official investigation into a re-founding.

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Josef Žáček's portraits of members of the Red Army Faction, 1993

1432:

in order to carry out their mission. For more long-term or core

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is suspected to have collaborated with the RAF on this attack.

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of having been appointed arbitrarily, displacing other judges.

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theory of guerrilla warfare. Eventually they made their way to

973: 731: 715: 222: 194: 184: 7269:

a collection of original Red Army Faction statements and texts

6991:

Screening the Red Army Faction: Historical and Cultural Memory

6387:, in Michael Krepon, Rodney W. Jones, and Ziad Haider (eds.), 6328:(in German). Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen. 4738:

Irving Wohlfarth, "Walter Benjamin and the Red Army Faction",

4118:

Ulrike Meinhof and the Red Army Faction. Performing Terrorism.

2901:

Arie Kranenburg (46), Dutch policeman, shot and killed by RAF

1510:

receive intermittent support and sanctuary over the border in

1004:

circles. According to one former RAF member, in meetings with

611:

Sometimes, the group is talked about in terms of generations:

10901: 10857:

American espionage in the Soviet Union and Russian Federation

10363: 10146: 8225: 8112: 4866:

Beyond Capital: Marx's Political Economy of the Working Class

3923: 3311: 3252: 3230: 2354: 2291: 2120: 2093: 1826: 1707: 1340: 1126: 964:

was an established lawyer but also at the center of the anti-

760: 601: 6273:"The Crisis Years of the RAF / The Baader Meinhof Terrorist" 5923:

The Stasi: The Untold Story of the East German Secret Police

1761:, was held inside a glass cage during his trial in Israel.) 10441: 10323: 8215: 8159: 7473: 6896:. Translated by Bell, Anthea. US: Oxford University Press. 6643:

Rhein-Main car bomb kills 2; more than 20 injured in blast.

5030:"A Terrorist Call for 'Building a Red Army' (June 5, 1970)" 4592:"Allianz in the Years 1933–1945 – Limits of denazification" 4128:

After the Red Army Faction. Gender, Culture, and Militancy.

3679:) (1997), a two-part docu-drama, and Volker Schloendorff's 3633:, was nominated for Best Foreign Language Film in both the 3327: 3195: 2992: 2161: 2097: 2036: 1912:

On 19 May 1972, members of the RAF armed five bombs in the

1334: 882:

Sociological developments, together with the background of

819: 597: 62: 6872:

The Baader-Meinhof Group: The Inside Story of a Phenomenon

6179:"German Red Army Faction radicals 'bungled armed robbery'" 5739: 3997:

that were inspired by events that had occurred in 1993 in

3993:, a Czech painter, created a series of paintings entitled 3221:

Bombing of the car carrying the chairman of Deutsche Bank

2784:

Attack against US 42nd Field Artillery Brigade at Giessen

1778:

in 1962. Theodor Prinzing was accused by defense attorney

10896: 10876: 10871: 6287: 5133:"Work in Common: Democracies and Opposition to Terrorism" 3159:

have been convicted for their involvement in this event.

2744:, murder of Andreas von Mirbach and Dr. Heinz Hillegaart 2514: 2157: 1005: 855: 5978:"Neo-Nazi Horst Mahler transferred to prison in Bavaria" 2525:

List of Red Army Faction (Baader-Meinhof) assassinations

690:

The origins of the group can be traced back to the 1968

532:" when they wrote in English. Early leadership included 6592:"German Guilty in '79 Attack at NATO on Alexander Haig" 6389:

Escalation Control and the Nuclear Option in South Asia

6073:"Frühere RAF-Terroristin Hogefeld kommt auf freien Fuß" 5270:

Die Tage von Stammheim: als Augenzeuge beim RAF-Prozess

4145:

Televisionaries: The Red Army Faction Story, 1963-1993.

2495:

In 1974, the US government had classified the group as

2424:. In 2005, he was sentenced to six years in prison for 2224:, a German engineering company; another bombing at the 2046:

The crisis dragged on for more than a month, while the

1758: 1497:

slant, the group's leading members professed a largely

694:. Industrialised nations in the late 1960s experienced 7247:"German Red Army Faction Victim's Son May Back Pardon" 7234:

Red Army Faction – Communiqués, Statements, Chronology

6238:

Terrorismus-Lügen: Wie die Stasi im Untergrund agierte

5691:] (in German). Walter de Gruyter. pp. 17–21. 4943:"Closed Material Procedures, Rudi Dutschke and King's" 2279:

organization responsible for the privatization of the

1517: 1358:

as well as radical currents and phenomena such as the

10986: 7031:"Manifesto for Armed Action – Build Up the Red Army!" 4218:"24 June 1976: The West German parliament passed the 3255:

River at the U.S. Embassy Chancery. No one was hurt.

2968:

who were trying to cross the Dutch border illegally.

2337:(the West German domestic intelligence agency) named 2335:

Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution

2199:... His death is meaningless to our pain and our rage 1704:

Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution

1505:, arguing along the lines of the Chinese side in the 685:

written by RAF co-founder Ulrike Meinhof (April 1971)

30:"Baader-Meinhof" redirects here. For other uses, see 27:

Far-left wing militant organization from West Germany

6378:"Are Tactical Nuclear Weapons Needed in South Asia?" 6376:

Michael Krepon, Ziad Haider & Charles Thornton,

6263:, U.S. Department of Justice. Accessed 2 April 2023. 5249:

Interview with Attorney-General Siegfried Buback in

4912:"Christopher Hitchens on The Baader Meinhof Complex" 4847:(see also attached notes) retrieved 31 August 2007. 4586: 4584: 2126: 1745:

are threatening me with Eichmann's cage, fascist?" (

1628:

candidate for mayor of Berlin, was kidnapped by the

790: – at the time conservatives such as 143:

14 May 1970 – 20 April 1998

7383: 7267:

Social History Portal (formerly Labour History Net)

7105:. Vol. 2: Dancing with Imperialism. PM Press. 6598:. Vol. 143, no. 49526. 25 November 1993. 6431:

Duke Journal of Comparative & International Law

6105:"Ex-RAF-Terroristen: Trio wird im Ausland vermutet" 5950:"German Sentenced to 10 Months for Hitler Greeting" 4824:"Interview with Action Direct member Joelle Aubron" 4488:Verfassungsschutzbericht Nordrhein-Westfalen 2001: 4140:. Kersplebedeb and PM Press, ISBN 978-1-60486-029-0 2654:Bombing of the car of the Federal Judge Buddenberg 2070:members took control of the plane (which was named 1485:and has subsequently influenced many guerrilla and 996:It is claimed that property destruction during the 8063:Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia 7350:", a found footage film about the Red Army Faction 7208:. Victoria, British Columbia, Canada: Autonomedia. 6645:Stars and Stripes European Edition, August 9, 1985 6472: 6470: 4340:. Trinity College Digital Repository. p. 20. 3912:, a German painter whose series of works entitled 3318:was killed before Grams allegedly was shot, while 1571: 763:held positions in government and the economy. The 6283:Terrosim in Germany. The RAF/Baader Meinhof Group 5863:"Terroryści pod ochroną wywiadu SB Czytaj więcej" 5769:] (in German). Vol. I. HIS. p. 53. 4581: 4161:(German) Rowohlt, Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-87134-510-5 3967:to procure a lost Israeli atomic bomb to start a 11058: 10842:List of Eastern Bloc agents in the United States 7341:, Vol. XIV, Nos. 1 & 2 (1989), available on 6674: 6400: 4299: 4297: 3965:Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine 3583:(1986). Post-reunification German films include 2802:Assassination of the federal prosecutor-general 2713:3 dead (Ronald A. Woodward, Charles L. Peck and 2365:took responsibility and resigned from his post. 2294:, the security and intelligence organization of 1409:'s Mao-like concept of a peasant or rural-based 9279:North Yemen-South Yemen Border conflict of 1972 8686:On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences 6467: 5600: 5454:"Der Tag, an dem die RAF Axel Springer angriff" 5423:Gentry, Caron E.; Sjoberg, Laura, eds. (2011). 4973:"Has Germany's car arson wave come to America?" 3533:(1978), co-directed by 11 directors, including 2004:, was shot and killed in front of his house in 1070:, but his death prevented fulfillment of this. 156:(27 years, 11 months and 6 days) 7714:Kidnapping and murder of Hanns-Martin Schleyer 7308:Weiterstadt Prison Germany (after attack 1993) 7273:Baader Meinhof, the First Celebrity Terrorists 6563:"RAF – Die Geschichte der Rote Armee Fraktion" 5893: 4750: 4748: 4678:"Civil Liberties in the German Public Service" 4331: 4329: 4136:J. Smith and André Moncourt (editors) (2009): 3644:Outside Germany, films include Swiss director 2437:In 2007, amidst widespread media controversy, 1596:. When Ensslin devised an "info system" using 822:, pro-capitalist collusion on the part of the 637:, evidence pointing to Ernst-Volker Staub and 8175: 8081:Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine 7952:Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine 7641: 7369: 7221:Red Army Faction – Communiqués and Statements 6894:Baader-Meinhof: The Inside Story of the R.A.F 6680: 5490:. Vol. 121, no. 41760. 25 May 1972. 5422: 5156: 4294: 4243: 4227: 3951:features the arrest of RAF members in former 2171:was shot to death by his captors en route to 2008:in a botched kidnapping. Those involved were 1392:Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine 1332: 524:state. Members of the RAF generally used the 67:Later design of the RAF's insignia showing a 10918:Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War 8469:Incapacitation of the Allied Control Council 6445:"Terrorists: Closing in on an Elusive Enemy" 5735:. Oxford University Press. pp. 426–432. 5718:. Oxford University Press. pp. 346–347. 5388: 5372: 5308:(2nd ed.). Berlin: Argon. p. 352. 5250: 4458: 4456: 4089:("The Night of Blunt Knives", a play on the 4084: 4037:released the song "Cinnamon", about the RAF. 3978: 2429: 2272: 2184: 1791: 1771: 1750: 1725: 1674: 1534: 1428:', with trained members being supplied by a 1363: 1318: 1202: 1079: 1059: 986: 897:critiques from many revolutionaries such as 835: 739: 661: 9779:1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre 7756:1991 American embassy sniper attack in Bonn 7167:Televisionaries: The Red Army Faction Story 7103:The Red Army Faction, A Documentary History 6622:"German Terrorists Raid U.S. Consul's Home" 6401:Cockburn, Andrew; Cockburn, Leslie (1997). 5937:"Discovery of God instead of Jewish Hatred" 5896:"RAF: Die geheimnisvolle dritte Generation" 5343: 5341: 5339: 5337: 5335: 5333: 4949:. King's College, University of Cambridge. 4745: 4508: 4506: 4326: 1830:crowd is always a considerable advantage". 1638:West German embassy in Stockholm was seized 944:had a long history in the Communist Party. 482:Baader-Meinhof-Gruppe, Baader-Meinhof-Bande 10882:United States involvement in regime change 8437:1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine 8182: 8168: 7648: 7634: 7376: 7362: 6636: 5157:Paxton, Robert O.; Hessler, Julie (2011). 4995: 4993: 4971:Cited by Joshua Keating (3 January 2012), 4381: 4379: 4377: 3696:(1997, several directors); Gerd Conradt's 3322:was arrested. Damage totaling 123 million 2635:5 police-officers wounded. Claimed by the 2467:supermarkets and cash transit vehicles in 1413:and instead situating the struggle in the 1384:Magazine for Agitation and Social Practice 11067:Crimes against police officers in Germany 7333:Giovanni Di Stefano about the death night 7101:Smith, J.; Moncourt, André, eds. (2013). 6843: 6560: 5840:(in German). Europäische Verlagsanstalt. 5808: 5802: 5757: 5745: 5682: 5266: 4756:"Student Movements in Germany, 1968–1984" 4512: 4453: 3828:Learn how and when to remove this message 3694:Im Fadenkreuz – Deutschland & die RAF 2459:In 2011, the last imprisoned RAF member, 2148:The coordinated attempt sparked numerous 1263:Learn how and when to remove this message 1073:Many of the radicals felt that Germany's 7655: 6207: 5347: 5330: 5305:Tödlicher Irrtum: die Geschichte der RAF 5211: 5077: 4783: 4684:, Vol. 53 No. 2, Spring 1991 (extract). 4503: 4385: 4335: 4303: 2428:against Jews. He is on record as saying 2416:, a founding RAF member, is now a vocal 2135:Burial site of Baader, Raspe and Ensslin 2130: 2111:A high-risk rescue operation was led by 1902:, "This is a political act of revenge." 1575: 1274: 692:student protest movement in West Germany 9008:Transition to the New Order (Indonesia) 6737:by Ron Holloway, accessed 19 April 2009 6586: 6584: 5920: 5672:. Oxford University Press. p. 411. 5633: 5556:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. 5484:"Blasts at U.S. Base in Germany Kill 3" 5451: 4990: 4940: 4374: 4044:composed and released a song entitled " 3935:featured a song titled "Ulrike", about 3692:There have been several documentaries: 1588:in the newly constructed high security 1449:. He described the urban guerrilla as: 874:The radicalized were, like many in the 779:of West Germany (in office 1953–1963). 14: 11059: 10852:Russian espionage in the United States 9124:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia 7781:National Socialist Underground murders 6774:from the original on 10 September 2015 5861:Knap, Włodzimierz (15 December 2009). 5650: 5551: 5301: 5034:German History in Documents and Images 4433: 4354: 4026:is an erotic satire of the RAF and of 3955:countries with the cooperation of the 2515:List of assaults attributed to the RAF 2397:In response to this statement, former 2341:had infiltrated the RAF. As a result, 2207: 1930:On 10 November 1974, the group killed 384:West German Embassy siege in Stockholm 10847:Soviet espionage in the United States 9003:Indonesian mass killings of 1965–1966 8782:Consolidation of the Cuban Revolution 8447:1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight 8163: 7731:Bombing of French consulate in Berlin 7629: 7357: 6969:Blumenau, Bernhard (2014). "ch. 1.". 6765: 4922:from the original on 21 December 2014 4626: 4122:https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230370777 3524:Die verlorene Ehre der Katharina Blum 3476: 2020:, the sister of Ponto's goddaughter. 488: 459: 432: 73:Heckler & Koch MP5 submachine gun 10923:Soviet Union–United States relations 9274:1972 visit by Richard Nixon to China 8086:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant 7126:College Art Association, Art Journal 6846:Terrorism: A Very Short Introduction 6581: 6261:"West Germany's Red Army Anarchists" 6235: 6053:from the original on 4 February 2015 5998: 5860: 5835: 5829: 5728: 5711: 5665: 5603:Encyclopedia of Bioterrorism Defense 5464:from the original on 1 December 2016 5217: 5206:The Red Army Faction Story 1963–1994 5191:, originally published in German in 4792:from the original on 15 January 2015 4515:Terrorism: A Very Short Introduction 4470:from the original on 17 October 2007 4429: 4427: 4386:Connolly, Kate (24 September 2008). 4308:. Books on Demand GmbH. p. 49. 4061:Queensland Premier's Literary Awards 4040:In 2004, Canadian singer–songwriter 3980:In seiner frühen Kindheit ein Garten 3810:adding citations to reliable sources 3781: 3629:), based on the bestselling book by 2747:4 dead, of whom 2 were RAF members. 2247:and his driver; and the shooting of 1769:and other journalists regarding the 1692: 1439:In 1969 the Brazilian revolutionary 1313:, but in November of that year, the 1245:adding citations to reliable sources 1216: 1132:Along with perceptions of state and 461:[ˌʁoː.təaʁˈmeːfʁakˌt͡si̯oːn] 10887:Soviet involvement in regime change 6800:from the original on 13 August 2020 6794:"Suspiria: A German History Primer" 6681:Smith, J.; Moncourt, Andre (2009). 6208:Connolly, Kate (27 February 2024). 6155:. BKA. 29 July 2016. Archived from 6043:"Red Army Faction boss to be freed" 5875:from the original on 2 October 2015 5040:from the original on 14 August 2017 4941:Purnell, Nicholas (22 March 2013). 4004:In 1996, British singer songwriter 3728:Ulrike Meinhof – Wege in den Terror 2995:, escapes an assassination attempt 2490:Stasi Arbeitsgruppe des Ministers S 2290:in 1990, it was confirmed that the 1841: 1804: 1518:Anti-imperialism and public support 1136:, and widespread opposition to the 893:and empire as well as contemporary 660:The group always called itself the 24: 10928:Soviet Union–United States summits 8402:1947 Polish parliamentary election 8287:Guerrilla war in the Baltic states 7828:Borussia Dortmund team bus bombing 7214: 6662:from the original on 30 April 2012 6085:from the original on 23 April 2019 6001:"The Strange Case of Horst Mahler" 5984:. 29 December 2006. Archived from 5811:Intelligence and National Security 4434:Belton, Catherine (20 June 2020). 4182:Revolutionary Cells (German group) 4169:Die RAF und der linke Terrorismus. 3777: 2312:Polish Ministry of Public Security 1685:, who always find the right way". 865:Gudrun Ensslin speaking after the 798:between the two main parties, the 25: 11088: 9689:Lord's Resistance Army insurgency 9624:United States invasion of Grenada 8894:Guinea-Bissau War of Independence 8835:Expulsion of Soviets from Albania 7761:Mykonos restaurant assassinations 7120:Usselmann, Rainer (Spring 2002). 6332:from the original on 2 April 2015 6111:from the original on 30 July 2018 5763:Die RAF und der linke Terrorismus 5161:. Cengage Learning. p. 533. 5109:Minimanual of the Urban Guerrilla 4953:from the original on 25 July 2021 4424: 3847:The Lost Honour of Katharina Blum 3514:The Lost Honour of Katharina Blum 1446:Minimanual of the Urban Guerrilla 1396:Palestine Liberation Organization 1327:, famous for his friendship with 1169:set fire to two department stores 950:How To Produce A Molotov Cocktail 916:Philosophers associated with the 623:Stammheim maximum security prison 11044: 11032: 11020: 11008: 10996: 9764:United States invasion of Panama 9614:1982 Ethiopian–Somali Border War 9254:1971 Turkish military memorandum 9217:Communist insurgency in Thailand 9187:Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty 9119:Communist insurgency in Malaysia 8946:Assassination of John F. Kennedy 8874:Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation 8392:Restatement of Policy on Germany 7472: 6812: 6786: 6766:Bruyn, Dirk de (3 August 2015). 6759: 6740: 6713: 6701:from the original on 6 July 2020 6648: 6614: 6451:. 9 October 1978. Archived from 5082:(Kentucky, Lexington ed.). 4008:released a 9-track album titled 3985:In His Early Childhood, a Garden 3786: 3712:Andreas Baader – Der Staatsfeind 3609:, 2000); and Christopher Roth's 3603:Grosse Freiheit, Kleine Freiheit 3343: 3333: 3025: 2611: 2444:considered pardoning RAF member 1985: 1880: 1221: 830:controlled by the coalition, an 698:related to the maturing of the " 600:past, and received support from 552:government considered the RAF a 490:[ˈbaːdɐˈmaɪ̯nˌhɔfˈɡʁʊpə] 405: 360: 345: 330: 310: 299: 287: 275: 263: 61: 10484:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 9865:Dissolution of the Soviet Union 9794:Fall of the inner German border 9694:1988 Black Sea bumping incident 9344:Strategic Arms Limitation Talks 9334:Spanish transition to democracy 9294:1972–1975 Bangladesh insurgency 8921:Communist insurgency in Sarawak 8427:Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948 8308:Occupation of the Baltic states 7803:2011 Frankfurt airport shooting 7385:Members of the Red Army Faction 7012:Dictionary of Modern Revolution 6602:from the original on 3 May 2018 6554: 6528: 6502: 6437: 6422: 6394: 6370: 6344: 6314: 6294: 6266: 6254: 6229: 6201: 6189:from the original on 4 May 2018 6171: 6145: 6123: 6097: 6065: 6035: 6015: 5992: 5970: 5962:. 29 April 2008. Archived from 5942: 5935:Mahler, Horst (25 March 2001). 5929: 5914: 5887: 5854: 5783: 5751: 5722: 5705: 5676: 5659: 5644: 5627: 5611:10.1002/0471686786.ebd0012.pub2 5594: 5584:Hamm, Mark S (September 2005). 5578: 5545: 5520: 5494: 5476: 5445: 5416: 5407: 5404:Bakker Schut: Stammheim. p. 569 5398: 5382: 5366: 5295: 5260: 5243: 5229: 5198: 5175: 5159:Europe in the Twentieth Century 5150: 5125: 5100: 5071: 5052: 5036:. German Historical Institute. 5022: 5000:A Match That Burned the Germans 4965: 4934: 4904: 4879: 4858: 4837: 4817: 4804: 4777: 4732: 4695: 4670: 4649: 4620: 4559: 4535: 4482: 4273: 4249: 4086:"Die Nacht der Stumpfen Messer" 3797:needs additional citations for 3607:Greater Freedom, Lesser Freedom 3277:Rohwedder was the chief of the 2521:Members of the Red Army Faction 2306:to avoid a manhunt in Germany. 2214:dissolution of the Soviet Union 1572:Custody and the Stammheim trial 1232:needs additional citations for 1123:West Berlin communist party SEW 516:group. It was engaged in armed 399:Designated as a terrorist group 32:Baader-Meinhof (disambiguation) 9264:Four Power Agreement on Berlin 8899:Mozambican War of Independence 8338:Indonesian National Revolution 8040:National Socialist Underground 7964:National Socialist Underground 7741:1985 Frankfurt airport bombing 7726:1982 Berlin restaurant bombing 7140:University of California Press 7086:. Europäische Verlagsanstalt. 5925:. Westview Press. p. 449. 5767:The RAF and leftwing terrorism 5591:. Retrieved 14 September 2022. 4405: 4348: 4257:Structure of Communist Parties 4212: 4199: 4051:Australian–British playwright 3355:Irish National Liberation Army 2879:, is kidnapped and later shot 2372: 2048:Federal Criminal Police Office 1360:Socialist Patients' Collective 932:in particular) and associated 832:Extra-Parliamentary Opposition 13: 1: 10862:CIA and the Cultural Cold War 9877:Dissolution of Czechoslovakia 9830:Min Ping Yu No. 5540 incident 9552:1984 Summer Olympics boycotts 9517:Seven Days to the River Rhine 9249:Corrective Revolution (Egypt) 8536:March 1949 Syrian coup d'état 8464:1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état 7791:Murder of Michèle Kiesewetter 6958:– also Panther edition 1978, 6836: 6391:, Stimson Publications, 2004. 5999:Grim, William (9 June 2004). 5350:Ulrike Meinhof: Die Biography 4784:Grossman, A. (7 July 2006) . 4105: 3737:The 2010 feature documentary 3274:, at his house in Düsseldorf 3247:Sniper attack on U.S. embassy 3229:authorities learned that the 3104:Ernst Zimmerman, head of the 3013:Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany 2877:German Employers' Association 2687:was involved in the bombing. 2456:was released 17 August 2007. 2191:received a letter declaring: 669: 520:against what it considered a 9855:Fall of communism in Albania 9825:Mongolian Revolution of 1990 9774:Polish Round Table Agreement 9114:1968 Polish political crisis 8931:Eritrean War of Independence 8697:Hungarian Revolution of 1956 8592:East German uprising of 1953 8524:Chinese Communist Revolution 8189: 8069:Black September Organization 7866:Black September Organization 7833:Bottrop and Essen car attack 6988:Gerhardt, Christina (2018). 6946:. Diane Publishing Company. 6848:. Very Short Introductions. 6820:Searching in Lost Space 1993 5552:Tucker, Jonathan B. (2000). 5452:Bahnsen, Uwe (17 May 2012). 5425:Women, Gender, and Terrorism 5084:University Press of Kentucky 4845:"The Urban Guerilla Concept" 4826:. Retrieved 31 August 2007. 4517:. Very Short Introductions. 4147:AK Press ISBN 978-1873176474 3995:Searching in Lost Space 1993 3893:The Murder of Andreas Baader 3185:and driver Eckhard Groppler 3181:Shooting of Siemens manager 1962:several different agencies. 1938:by hunger strike in prison. 1315:Federal Constitutional Court 1212: 1125:and had also worked for the 952:was seen by huge audiences. 860:] We must arm ourselves! 7: 9729:Korean Air Lines Flight 007 9457:Korean Air Lines Flight 902 9202:Corrective Movement (Syria) 9166:New People's Army rebellion 9161:Sino-Soviet border conflict 8889:Angolan War of Independence 8752:Second Taiwan Strait Crisis 8632:1954 Guatemalan coup d'état 8277:Jamaican political conflict 7746:Rhein-Main Air Base bombing 7320:Questions on the Stammheim 7067:. Kersplebedeb Publishing. 6844:Townshend, Charles (2002). 6081:(in German). 10 June 2011. 5508:(in German). 3 October 2015 5429:University of Georgia Press 4513:Townshend, Charles (2002). 4304:Dapprich, Matthias (2013). 4268:Communist League (UK, 1932) 4238:... Joined the RAF in 1980, 4175: 3927:by the influential British 3658:) (1986). On TV, there was 3456:Thomas Weissbecker Commando 3133:Rhein-Main Air Base bombing 2954:Gun battle with four Dutch 2813:surfaced in media reports. 2434:("The enemy is the same"). 2431:"Der Feind ist der Gleiche" 2426:incitement to racial hatred 2271:, leader of the government 2023:Following the convictions, 1483:The Urban Guerrilla Concept 826:SPD. With about 90% of the 683:The Urban Guerrilla Concept 10: 11093: 9925:Sino-Indian border dispute 9754:First Nagorno-Karabakh War 9684:1987–1989 JVP insurrection 9442:1976 Argentine coup d'état 9354:Turkish invasion of Cyprus 9304:1973 Uruguayan coup d'état 8988:1964 Brazilian coup d'état 8956:Cyprus crisis of 1963–1964 8645:First Taiwan Strait Crisis 8412:Asian Relations Conference 7813:2016 Würzburg train attack 7776:1993 Solingen arson attack 7771:Weiterstadt prison bombing 7751:Berlin discotheque bombing 7736:1984 Duisburg arson attack 7529:Gabriele Kröcher-Tiedemann 7084:So macht Kommunismus Spass 7064:The Urban Guerilla Concept 6722:Der Baader Meinhof Komplex 5589:U.S. Department of Justice 5267:Stuberger, Ulf G. (2007). 5067:: 74 – via WorldCat. 4707:Cambridge University Press 4336:McDevitt, Matthew (2019). 4287: 4110: 3740:Children of the Revolution 3682:Die Stille nach dem Schuss 3627:Der Baader Meinhof Komplex 3622:The Baader Meinhof Complex 3301:Weiterstadt prison bombing 2518: 2463:, was released on parole. 2253:Germany's foreign ministry 2027:, a former officer of the 1989: 1945:, who at the time was the 1537:Der Baader Meinhof Komplex 1390:, where they trained with 1297:Der Baader Meinhof Komplex 1012:the group was also met by 884:counter-cultural movements 782:The radicals regarded the 765:Communist Party of Germany 36: 29: 10961: 10910: 10832: 10809:William Appleman Williams 10754:Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr. 10536: 10508: 10457: 10389: 10382: 10316: 10181: 10106: 10036: 10029: 9938: 9885: 9817: 9530: 9269:Bangladesh Liberation War 9259:1971 Sudanese coup d'état 9174: 9146:1969 Sudanese coup d'état 9134:1968 Peruvian coup d'état 8797: 8572:Arab Cold War (1952–1979) 8549: 8259: 8197: 8137: 8121: 8105: 8098: 8049: 8026: 8019: 7989: 7858: 7851: 7823:2017 Hamburg knife attack 7696: 7663: 7587: 7481: 7470: 7391: 7348:Review of "A German Youth 7257:"The Baader Meinhof Gang" 7061:Red Army Faction (2005). 6687:. PM Press. p. 617. 6240:. Herbig. p. 190ff. 5921:Koehler, John O. (1999). 5838:So macht Kommunismus Spaß 5823:10.1080/02684529308432225 5683:Terhoeven, Petra (2013). 4851:27 September 2007 at the 4814:, Winter 2007, pp. 30–55. 4496:14 September 2004 at the 4464:"RAF-Auflösungserklärung" 4244:Smith & Moncourt 2009 4228:Smith & Moncourt 2009 4206: 4151: 4131:Columbia University Press 4126:Charity Scribner (2014): 4085: 3957:democratized Soviet Union 3761:on the Red Army Faction. 2742:West German embassy siege 2408: 1914:Springer publishing house 1364: 726:were at the forefront of 584:, such as chauffeurs and 397: 376: 322: 258: 246: 203: 163: 134: 79: 60: 54: 53: 48: 9584:1980 Turkish coup d'état 9419:Cambodian–Vietnamese War 9389:1978 Somali coup attempt 9349:Second Iraqi–Kurdish War 9314:1973 Chilean coup d'état 9139:Revolutionary Government 9033:South African Border War 8825:1960 Turkish coup d'état 8742:Iraqi 14 July Revolution 8597:1953 Iranian coup d'état 8577:1952 Egyptian revolution 8075:Mukhabarat el-Jamahiriya 7838:Halle synagogue shooting 7683:2016 Berlin truck attack 7042:Moncourt, Andre (2008). 6825:16 December 2019 at the 6756:, accessed 19 April 2009 6752:5 September 2011 at the 6326:Zeitgeschichte in Hessen 6278:17 February 2017 at the 5348:Ditfurth, Jutta (2007). 5182:"Build Up the Red Army!" 5078:Goldberg, Denis (2016). 4868:, Palgrave 2003, p. 27. 4553:23 November 2010 at the 4192: 4091:Night of the Long Knives 4057:Black Hands/Dead Section 3639:66th Golden Globe Awards 3539:Rainer Werner Fassbinder 3481: 3429:Manfred Grashof Commando 3272:Detlev Karsten Rohwedder 3217:Bad Homburg vor der Höhe 2989:Supreme Allied Commander 2269:Detlev Karsten Rohwedder 2251:, a leading official at 2160:, the United States and 1950:safe release of Lorenz. 1739: 1320:Bundesverfassungsgericht 39:Red Army Faction (Japan) 37:Not to be confused with 9789:Fall of the Berlin Wall 9734:People Power Revolution 9719:Central American crisis 9659:1986 Black Sea incident 9309:1973 Afghan coup d'état 9207:Western Sahara conflict 9018:1966 Syrian coup d'état 8941:1963 Syrian coup d'état 8884:Portuguese Colonial War 8847:First Iraqi–Kurdish War 8612:1954 Syrian coup d'état 8489:Annexation of Hyderabad 8432:1947–1949 Palestine war 8099:Counter-terrorism units 7766:1992 Mölln arson attack 7339:New Studies on the Left 7240:"Build Up the Red Army" 7184:Wright, Joanne (1991). 6850:Oxford University Press 6656:"Timeline of Terrorism" 6407:. New York: Doubleday. 6307:16 October 2012 at the 6153:"current wanted poster" 5960:Deutsche Presse-Agentur 5413:Text of RAF pp. 496–503 5352:(in German). Ullstein. 5208:, Edinburgh 1994, p. 51 5187:10 October 2016 at the 5131:Christopher C. Harmon, 5061:International Summaries 4830:5 December 2012 at the 4800:– via libcom.org. 4633:Oxford University Press 4627:Major, Patrick (1997). 4519:Oxford University Press 4417:2 December 2008 at the 4159:Die Geschichte der RAF. 4116:Leith Passmore (2011): 4069:See You at Regis Debray 3890:made a painting called 3537:, Volker Schloendorff, 3468:Vincenzo Spano Commando 3418:Katharina Hammerschmidt 2255:. On 30 November 1989, 2183:. The French newspaper 2127:"Stammheim Death Night" 2113:Hans-Jürgen Wischnewski 2039:, headed by Chancellor 1820:Hans-Christian Ströbele 1016:, then KGB resident in 867:death of Benno Ohnesorg 816:marriage of convenience 644: 248:Political position 228:Revolutionary socialism 10083:Neoclassical economics 9594:Gulf of Sidra incident 9151:1969 Libyan revolution 8842:Iraqi–Kurdish conflict 8627:1954 Geneva Conference 8387:Turkish straits crisis 8382:Corfu Channel incident 8145:Kommando Spezialkräfte 8057:Abu Nidal Organization 7786:Murder of Enver Şimşek 7704:1970 Munich bus attack 7294:20 August 2015 at the 7188:. Palgrave Macmillan. 7134:Varon, Jeremy (2004). 7082:Röhl, Bettina (2007). 7037:. Berlin. 5 June 1970. 7009:Hyams, Edward (1973). 6973:. Palgrave Macmillan. 5836:Röhl, Bettina (2007). 5389: 5373: 5251: 5195:magazine, 5 June 1970. 5143:14 August 2007 at the 4983:4 January 2012 at the 4770:14 August 2007 at the 4682:The Review of Politics 4066:The 2005 feature film 3979: 3886:The Norwegian painter 3718:) (2003); Ben Lewis's 3710:(2001); Klaus Stern's 3517:(a 1975 adaptation of 3471:Wolfgang Beer Commando 3459:Ulrich Wessel Commando 2923:Police officer killed 2898:Police officer killed 2766:Police officer killed 2580:Police officer killed 2557:Police officer killed 2430: 2395: 2390: 2273: 2205: 2185: 2167:On the very same day, 2136: 1792: 1772: 1751: 1726: 1675: 1581: 1560:Heckler & Koch MP5 1535: 1526: 1463: 1333: 1319: 1287: 1280: 1203: 1080: 1060: 987: 976:, calling themselves " 872: 836: 740: 678: 662: 481: 450: 10933:Russia–NATO relations 10814:Jonathan Reed Winkler 10098:Democratic capitalism 10093:Supply-side economics 10061:American conservatism 9860:Breakup of Yugoslavia 9749:Bougainville conflict 9664:South Yemen civil war 9599:Martial law in Poland 9462:Nicaraguan Revolution 9437:Dirty War (Argentina) 9244:1971 JVP insurrection 9058:Years of Lead (Italy) 8936:North Yemen civil war 8854:Berlin Crisis of 1961 8830:Albanian–Soviet split 8762:1959 Tibetan uprising 8727:Syrian Crisis of 1957 8582:Iraqi Intifada (1952) 8442:1948 Arab–Israeli War 7808:2016 Hanover stabbing 7666:(more than 10 deaths) 6536:"Rote Armee Fraktion" 6510:"Rote Armee Fraktion" 6383:25 March 2009 at the 6352:"Rote Armee Fraktion" 6236:Igel, Regine (2012). 6023:Frankfurter Rundschau 5982:European Jewish Press 5797:Zeitgeschichte Online 5729:Aust, Stefan (2008). 5712:Aust, Stefan (2008). 5666:Aust, Stefan (2008). 5302:Peters, Butz (2004). 5218:Aust, Stefan (2008). 5005:7 August 2018 at the 4864:Michael A. Lebowitz, 4766:), No. 3, Fall 1998. 4725:13 March 2017 at the 4688:17 April 2016 at the 4614:8 August 2007 at the 4547:Initiatives of Change 4543:"One Family's Berlin" 4490:"Rote Armee Fraktion" 4262:15 April 2012 at the 4220:German Emergency Acts 3751:'s 2011 feature film 3698:Starbuck Holger Meins 3590:Die innere Sicherheit 3557:Margarethe von Trotta 3548:Die dritte Generation 3509:Margarethe von Trotta 3453:Sigurd Debus Commando 3444:Petra Schelm Commando 3412:José Manuel Sevillano 3378:Ciro Rizzato Commando 2873:Hanns Martin Schleyer 2383: 2193: 2169:Hanns-Martin Schleyer 2134: 2076:Zohair Youssef Akache 2025:Hanns Martin Schleyer 1975:Clostridium botulinum 1579: 1522: 1495:libertarian communist 1451: 1283: 1278: 1099:Mohammad Reza Pahlavi 1088:war in Southeast Asia 989:Le Monde Diplomatique 889:Post-war writings on 847: 674: 576:, federal prosecutor 566:Hanns Martin Schleyer 501:), was a West German 472:), also known as the 11077:Terrorism in Germany 10354:Non-Aligned Movement 9976:Peaceful coexistence 9930:North Borneo dispute 9845:German reunification 9840:Min Ping Yu No. 5202 9538:Salvadoran Civil War 9487:Grand Mosque seizure 9482:Yemenite War of 1979 9374:Mozambican Civil War 9329:Carnation Revolution 9284:Yemenite War of 1972 9222:1970 Polish protests 9053:1967 Hong Kong riots 9028:Argentine Revolution 8978:Guatemalan Civil War 8906:Cuban Missile Crisis 8820:Bay of Pigs Invasion 8692:1956 Poznań protests 8670:Geneva Summit (1955) 8272:Hukbalahap Rebellion 8251:Non-Aligned Movement 8106:Federal Police units 7818:2016 Ansbach bombing 7798:2004 Cologne bombing 7719:Lufthansa Flight 181 7657:Terrorism in Germany 7328:The Stammheim Deaths 7313:4 March 2016 at the 6818:Series of paintings 6733:19 July 2011 at the 6632:on 10 December 2008. 6049:. 24 November 2008. 5966:on 10 February 2009. 5894:deutschlandfunk.de. 5789:Jan-Hendrik Schulz: 5137:Papers & Studies 5115:11 June 2008 at the 4754:Peter-Erwin Jansen, 4676:Arthur B. Gunlicks, 4590:Center for History, 4492:, 2001, pp. 42 ff. ( 4356:Wagner, Rolf Clemens 4133:. ISBN 9780231168649 3948:The Sum of All Fears 3902:Brazilian rock band 3806:improve this article 3571:Marianne and Juliane 3553:The Third Generation 3314:squad; GSG9 officer 3283:German reunification 3046:Frederick J. Kroesen 2694:24 May 1972 18:10CET 2678:Axel Springer Verlag 2288:German reunification 2249:Gerold von Braunmühl 2052:Lufthansa Flight 181 1947:Christian Democratic 1932:Günter von Drenkmann 1586:solitary confinement 1565:for the first time. 1477:, and a substantial 1279:Ulrike Meinhof, 1964 1241:improve this article 812:Kurt Georg Kiesinger 755:in West Germany and 474:Baader–Meinhof Group 10799:Alex von Tunzelmann 10789:Vladimir Tismăneanu 10714:Thomas J. McCormick 10709:Jack F. Matlock Jr. 10609:Robert Hugh Ferrell 10472:Crusade for Freedom 10269:Illiberal democracy 10153:Ho Chi Minh Thought 9956:Eisenhower Doctrine 9809:Peaceful Revolution 9804:Romanian Revolution 9784:Revolutions of 1989 9769:1988 Polish strikes 9679:Operation INFEKTION 9674:1987 Lieyu massacre 9579:Eritrean Civil Wars 9562:Peruvian Revolution 9512:1979 Herat uprising 9502:Sino-Vietnamese War 9467:Uganda–Tanzania War 9447:Egyptian–Libyan War 9414:Third Indochina War 9409:Sino-Albanian split 9399:Ethiopian Civil War 9299:Eritrean Civil Wars 9239:Ping-pong diplomacy 9212:Cambodian Civil War 9038:Korean DMZ Conflict 9023:Cultural Revolution 8993:Dominican Civil War 8971:Tlatelolco massacre 8757:1959 Mosul uprising 8747:1958 Lebanon crisis 8474:Al-Wathbah uprising 8397:First Indochina War 8367:Iran crisis of 1946 7935:Revolutionary Cells 7859:In terrorist groups 7843:2018 Cologne attack 7678:Oktoberfest bombing 7298:By Diego Gambetta, 7165:Vague, Tom (1994). 6874:. The Bodley Head. 6796:. 30 October 2018. 6434:, 1997, pp. 79–134. 6185:. 19 January 2016. 5988:on 1 December 2008. 5759:Kraushaar, Wolfgang 5106:Carlos Marighella, 4977:Foreign Policy Blog 4663:8 June 2007 at the 4604:"Winning the Peace" 4574:9 June 2007 at the 4120:Palgrave Macmillan 4101:'s death in prison. 4093:) which deals with 4023:The Raspberry Reich 3961:end of the Cold War 3921:In 1990, the album 3720:In Love With Terror 3635:81st Academy Awards 3505:Volker Schloendorff 3183:Karl Heinz Beckurts 3123:Rhein-Main Air Base 3000:Rolf Clemens Wagner 2926:Three RAF members ( 2267:. On 1 April 1991, 2245:Karl-Heinz Beckurts 2239:attack that killed 2229:Rhein-Main Air Base 2208:RAF since the 1990s 2150:conspiracy theories 1900:German Press Agency 1753:Obersturmbannführer 1658:conspiracy theories 1352:Revolutionary Cells 1311:political prisoners 1050:One-Dimensional Man 1045:liberal democracies 909:, as well as early 777:Federal Chancellery 775:as Director of the 714:and issues such as 663:Rote Armee Fraktion 608:security services. 590:Revolutionary Cells 478:Baader–Meinhof Gang 452:Rote Armee Fraktion 434:[ɛʁʔaːˈʔɛf] 164:Active regions 55:Rote Armee Fraktion 18:Baader-Meinhof Gang 10953:Russian Revolution 10749:Mary Elise Sarotte 10734:William B. Pickett 10659:Patrick J. Hearden 10639:Gabriel Gorodetsky 10634:Timothy Garton Ash 10619:Anneli Ute Gabanyi 10214:Ethnic nationalism 9966:Hallstein Doctrine 9850:Yemeni unification 9639:1985 Geneva Summit 9604:Casamance conflict 9507:New Jewel Movement 9492:Iranian Revolution 9477:Chadian–Libyan War 9424:Cambodian conflict 9404:Lebanese Civil War 9394:Western Sahara War 9369:June 1976 protests 9364:Cambodian genocide 9129:17 July Revolution 9083:Nigerian Civil War 8998:Rhodesian Bush War 8983:Colombian conflict 8926:Ramadan Revolution 8665:Bandung Conference 8541:Operation Valuable 8422:Partition of India 8122:State Police units 7913:Brigitte Mohnhaupt 7852:Notable terrorists 7615:Ernst-Volker Staub 7539:Brigitte Mohnhaupt 7494:Peter-Jürgen Boock 7343:germanguerilla.com 7226:2 May 2013 at the 6920:Arsenal Pulp Press 6726:RAF Film Chronicle 6626:The New York Times 6596:The New York Times 6542:on 5 December 2013 6516:on 3 December 2013 6490:on 16 October 2012 6358:on 2 February 2014 5776:978-3-936 096-65-1 5488:The New York Times 5273:. Munich: Herbig. 5257:, 16 February 1976 5016:The New York Times 4843:Red Army Faction, 4740:Radical Philosophy 4635:(US). p. 16. 4598:6 May 2009 at the 4165:Wolfgang Kraushaar 4143:Tom Vague (2001): 4083:features the song 3716:Enemy of the State 3687:The Legend of Rita 3567:The German Sisters 3477:In popular culture 3034:15 September 1981 2889:22 September 1977 2875:, chairman of the 2811:Peter-Jürgen Boock 2603:Paul A. Bloomquist 2450:Brigitte Mohnhaupt 2308:Brigitte Mohnhaupt 2137: 2066:. A group of four 2010:Brigitte Mohnhaupt 1582: 1547:anti-imperialistic 1514:during the 1980s. 1465:The importance of 1281: 1192:German Green Party 1178:On 11 April 1968, 728:left-wing politics 720:women's liberation 136:Dates of operation 10984: 10983: 10971:List of conflicts 10819:Rudolph Winnacker 10764:Giles Scott-Smith 10739:Ronald E. Powaski 10694:Melvyn P. Leffler 10624:John Lewis Gaddis 10599:Robert D. English 10564:Warren H. Carroll 10554:Michael Beschloss 10523:Nuclear arms race 10504: 10503: 10410:Neues Deutschland 10312: 10311: 10294:White nationalism 10264:Liberal democracy 10001:Ulbricht Doctrine 9991:Brezhnev Doctrine 9799:Velvet Revolution 9543:Soviet–Afghan War 9359:Angolan Civil War 9156:Goulash Communism 9013:ASEAN Declaration 8966:Mexican Dirty War 8864:Annexation of Goa 8815:1960 U-2 incident 8789:Sino-Soviet split 8767:Laotian Civil War 8607:Bricker Amendment 8587:Mau Mau rebellion 8531:Malayan Emergency 8519:Chinese Civil War 8479:Tito–Stalin split 8333:Division of Korea 8157: 8156: 8153: 8152: 8094: 8093: 8015: 8014: 7990:Lone perpetrators 7957:Souhaila Andrawes 7940:Johannes Weinrich 7623: 7622: 7579:Stefan Wisniewski 7569:Sigrid Sternebeck 7544:Rolf Ludwig Pohle 7514:Sieglinde Hofmann 7509:Siegfried Hausner 7482:Second generation 7464:Tommy Weissbecker 7289:Heroic Impatience 7245:Patrick Donahue, 7195:978-0-312-04761-0 7176:978-1-873176-47-4 7149:978-0-520-24119-0 7093:978-3-434-50600-3 7074:978-1-894946-16-2 7022:978-0-7139-0476-5 6980:978-1-137-39196-4 6964:978-0-586-04665-4 6953:978-0-7881-5472-0 6929:978-0-88978-045-3 6903:978-0-19-537275-5 6881:978-0-370-31031-2 6859:978-0-19-280168-5 6694:978-1-60486-179-2 6478:"History.UMD.edu" 6414:978-0-385-48560-9 6247:978-3-7766-2698-8 6026:, 22 April 1999; 5847:978-3-434-50600-3 5748:, pp. 17–21. 5280:978-3-7766-2528-8 5093:978-0-8131-6646-9 4874:978-0-333-96430-9 4715:978-0-521-55204-2 4608:BBC World Service 4602:; Paddy Ashdown, 4549:, 1 August 1988. 4528:978-0-19-280168-5 4232:Dümlein Christine 4230:, p. 601); " 4205:See the section " 3874:The Professionals 3838: 3837: 3830: 3595:The State I Am In 3585:Christian Petzold 3562:Die bleierne Zeit 3530:Germany in Autumn 3448:Siegfried Hausner 3341: 3340: 3326:(over 50 million 3316:Michael Newrzella 3270:Assassination of 3223:Alfred Herrhausen 3137:Volkswagen Passat 3074:18 December 1984 3021:Ramstein Air Base 2913:24 September 1978 2854:5 September 1977 2708:Campbell Barracks 2637:Tommy Weissbecker 2594:Frankfurt am Main 2359:Michael Newrzella 2349:were arrested in 2261:Alfred Herrhausen 2056:Palma de Mallorca 1996:On 30 July 1977, 1921:Campbell Barracks 1812:Hans-Jochen Vogel 1697:A new section of 1693:Security measures 1507:Sino-Soviet split 1441:Carlos Marighella 1273: 1272: 1265: 1151:On 2 April 1968, 1119:Karl-Heinz Kurras 1082:Volksgemeinschaft 878:, influenced by: 824:social democratic 706:, and the end of 582:collateral damage 418: 417: 16:(Redirected from 11084: 11072:Red Army Faction 11049: 11048: 11047: 11037: 11036: 11035: 11025: 11024: 11023: 11013: 11012: 11001: 11000: 10992: 10729:David S. Painter 10654:John Earl Haynes 10584:Nicholas J. Cull 10569:Adrian Cioroianu 10549:Thomas A. Bailey 10496:Voice of America 10387: 10386: 10299:White separatism 10279:Social democracy 10274:Guided democracy 10254:Authoritarianism 10204:Ultranationalism 10194:Anti-imperialism 10121:Marxism–Leninism 10034: 10033: 10021:Kinmen Agreement 9986:Johnson Doctrine 9971:Kennedy Doctrine 9887:Frozen conflicts 9870:1991 August Coup 9759:Afghan Civil War 9654:Reykjavík Summit 9649:Somali Rebellion 9589:Ugandan Bush War 9567:Gdańsk Agreement 9088:Protests of 1968 9068:War of Attrition 8777:Cuban Revolution 8713:We will bury you 8680:Cyprus Emergency 8660:Kashmir Princess 8650:Jebel Akhdar War 8499:Western betrayal 8184: 8177: 8170: 8161: 8160: 8103: 8102: 8034:Red Army Faction 8024: 8023: 8020:Terrorist groups 7888:Red Army Faction 7856: 7855: 7650: 7643: 7636: 7627: 7626: 7588:Third generation 7564:Angelika Speitel 7549:Margrit Schiller 7534:Silke Maier-Witt 7476: 7409:Monika Berberich 7392:First generation 7378: 7371: 7364: 7355: 7354: 7209: 7199: 7180: 7153: 7129: 7116: 7097: 7078: 7057: 7038: 7026: 7005: 7001:978-1-501-336690 6984: 6957: 6933: 6907: 6885: 6863: 6830: 6816: 6810: 6809: 6807: 6805: 6790: 6784: 6783: 6781: 6779: 6763: 6757: 6744: 6738: 6717: 6711: 6710: 6708: 6706: 6678: 6672: 6671: 6669: 6667: 6652: 6646: 6640: 6634: 6633: 6618: 6612: 6611: 6609: 6607: 6588: 6579: 6578: 6576: 6574: 6565:. 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Rabkin 10719:Timothy Naftali 10664:Tvrtko Jakovina 10649:Jussi Hanhimäki 10532: 10510: 10500: 10478:Paix et Liberté 10453: 10397:Active measures 10378: 10308: 10289:White supremacy 10249:Totalitarianism 10177: 10102: 10025: 10011:Reagan Doctrine 10006:Carter Doctrine 9946:Truman Doctrine 9934: 9881: 9813: 9708:Soviet reaction 9619:Ndogboyosoi War 9526: 9497:Saur Revolution 9324:1973 oil crisis 9289:Munich massacre 9197:Alcora Exercise 9192:Black September 9170: 8916:Sino-Indian War 8810:Simba rebellion 8793: 8637:Capture of the 8545: 8484:Berlin Blockade 8417:May 1947 crises 8407:Truman Doctrine 8372:Greek Civil War 8361:Blacklist Forty 8328:Gouzenko Affair 8315:Cursed soldiers 8267:Morgenthau Plan 8255: 8193: 8188: 8158: 8149: 8133: 8117: 8090: 8045: 8027:Domestic groups 8011: 8002:Mohammad Daleel 7985: 7923:Birgit Hogefeld 7881:Jamal al-Gashey 7876:Adnan al-Gashey 7847: 7697:Notable attacks 7692: 7688:Hanau shootings 7673:Munich massacre 7665: 7659: 7654: 7624: 7619: 7605:Birgit Hogefeld 7583: 7554:Adelheid Schulz 7524:Norbert Kröcher 7477: 7468: 7459:Ingrid Schubert 7387: 7382: 7315:Wayback Machine 7296:Wayback Machine 7275:– slideshow by 7228:Wayback Machine 7217: 7215:Further reading 7212: 7202: 7196: 7183: 7177: 7164: 7150: 7133: 7119: 7113: 7100: 7094: 7081: 7075: 7060: 7054: 7041: 7029: 7023: 7008: 7002: 6987: 6981: 6968: 6954: 6938:Becker, Jillian 6936: 6930: 6910: 6904: 6888: 6882: 6866: 6860: 6839: 6834: 6833: 6827:Wayback Machine 6817: 6813: 6803: 6801: 6792: 6791: 6787: 6777: 6775: 6764: 6760: 6754:Wayback Machine 6745: 6741: 6735:Wayback Machine 6718: 6714: 6704: 6702: 6695: 6679: 6675: 6665: 6663: 6654: 6653: 6649: 6641: 6637: 6620: 6619: 6615: 6605: 6603: 6590: 6589: 6582: 6572: 6570: 6569:on 26 June 2017 6561:Jürgen Köning. 6559: 6555: 6545: 6543: 6534: 6533: 6529: 6519: 6517: 6508: 6507: 6503: 6493: 6491: 6487: 6480: 6476: 6475: 6468: 6458: 6456: 6455:on 18 July 2013 6443: 6442: 6438: 6427: 6423: 6415: 6399: 6395: 6385:Wayback Machine 6375: 6371: 6361: 6359: 6350: 6349: 6345: 6335: 6333: 6320: 6319: 6315: 6309:Wayback Machine 6302:History.UMD.edu 6299: 6295: 6280:Wayback Machine 6271: 6267: 6259: 6255: 6248: 6234: 6230: 6220: 6218: 6206: 6202: 6192: 6190: 6177: 6176: 6172: 6162: 6160: 6159:on 8 March 2021 6151: 6150: 6146: 6136: 6134: 6129: 6128: 6124: 6114: 6112: 6103: 6102: 6098: 6088: 6086: 6071: 6070: 6066: 6056: 6054: 6041: 6040: 6036: 6032:, February 1999 6020: 6016: 5997: 5993: 5976: 5975: 5971: 5948: 5947: 5943: 5934: 5930: 5919: 5915: 5905: 5903: 5900:Deutschlandfunk 5892: 5888: 5878: 5876: 5868:Dziennik Polski 5859: 5855: 5848: 5834: 5830: 5807: 5803: 5788: 5784: 5777: 5756: 5752: 5744: 5740: 5727: 5723: 5710: 5706: 5699: 5681: 5677: 5664: 5660: 5649: 5645: 5632: 5628: 5621: 5599: 5595: 5583: 5579: 5564: 5550: 5546: 5536: 5534: 5526: 5525: 5521: 5511: 5509: 5500: 5499: 5495: 5482: 5481: 5477: 5467: 5465: 5450: 5446: 5439: 5421: 5417: 5412: 5408: 5403: 5399: 5387: 5383: 5371: 5367: 5360: 5346: 5331: 5316: 5300: 5296: 5281: 5265: 5261: 5248: 5244: 5234: 5230: 5216: 5212: 5203: 5199: 5189:Wayback Machine 5180: 5176: 5169: 5155: 5151: 5145:Wayback Machine 5130: 5126: 5117:Wayback Machine 5105: 5101: 5094: 5076: 5072: 5057: 5053: 5043: 5041: 5028: 5027: 5023: 5007:Wayback Machine 4998: 4991: 4985:Wayback Machine 4970: 4966: 4956: 4954: 4939: 4935: 4925: 4923: 4910: 4909: 4905: 4895: 4893: 4885: 4884: 4880: 4863: 4859: 4853:Wayback Machine 4842: 4838: 4832:Wayback Machine 4822: 4818: 4809: 4805: 4795: 4793: 4782: 4778: 4772:Wayback Machine 4753: 4746: 4737: 4733: 4727:Wayback Machine 4700: 4696: 4690:Wayback Machine 4675: 4671: 4665:Wayback Machine 4654: 4650: 4643: 4625: 4621: 4616:Wayback Machine 4600:Wayback Machine 4589: 4582: 4576:Wayback Machine 4564: 4560: 4555:Wayback Machine 4540: 4536: 4529: 4511: 4504: 4498:Wayback Machine 4487: 4483: 4473: 4471: 4462: 4461: 4454: 4444: 4442: 4432: 4425: 4419:Wayback Machine 4410: 4406: 4396: 4394: 4384: 4375: 4358:(13 May 1998). 4353: 4349: 4334: 4327: 4316: 4302: 4295: 4290: 4285: 4284: 4278: 4274: 4264:Wayback Machine 4254: 4250: 4246:, p. 566). 4239: 4235: 4217: 4213: 4204: 4200: 4195: 4178: 4157:Willi Winkler: 4154: 4113: 4108: 4079:by German band 4075:The 2011 album 4046:Ingrid Schubert 3915:18 October 1977 3910:Gerhard Richter 3861:electronic rock 3834: 3823: 3817: 3814: 3803: 3791: 3780: 3778:Fiction and art 3754:If Not Us, Who? 3667: 3599:Kristina Konrad 3545:; Fassbinder's 3535:Alexander Kluge 3511:'s co-directed 3491: 3484: 3479: 3474: 3400:Ingrid Schubert 3369:2 June Commando 3346: 3320:Birgit Hogefeld 3279:Treuhandanstalt 3192:10 October 1986 3153:Birgit Hogefeld 3145:Edward Pimental 3093:1 February 1985 3080:, West Germany 3009:31 August 1981 2962:Adelheid Schulz 2945:1 November 1978 2912: 2905:outside a bar. 2723:Irmgard Moeller 2721:). Executed by 2685:Ilse Stachowiak 2676:Bombing of the 2659:Manfred Grashof 2549:22 October 1971 2527: 2517: 2509:urban guerrilla 2461:Birgit Hogefeld 2411: 2375: 2343:Birgit Hogefeld 2339:Klaus Steinmetz 2210: 2200: 2196: 2129: 2078: 1994: 1988: 1980:botulinum toxin 1883: 1871:Phoenix Program 1844: 1816:Klaus Croissant 1807: 1767:Rudolf Augstein 1742: 1695: 1630:2 June Movement 1574: 1543: 1528: 1520: 1458: 1454: 1356:2 June Movement 1348:class conscious 1302: 1289: 1269: 1258: 1252: 1249: 1238: 1226: 1215: 1146:2 June Movement 1029:Herbert Marcuse 1025:Antonio Gramsci 926:Herbert Marcuse 922:Jürgen Habermas 871: 864: 838:Radikalenerlass 796:Grand Coalition 769:Konrad Adenauer 688: 680: 672: 647: 514:urban guerrilla 494: 493: 485: 465: 464: 456: 438: 437: 429: 406: 404: 393: 372: 361: 359: 355: 346: 344: 340: 331: 329: 311: 309: 308: 300: 298: 297: 288: 286: 285: 276: 274: 273: 264: 262: 242: 199: 180: 173: 159: 155: 150: 146: 144: 135: 130: 117: 104: 91: 75: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 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9936: 9935: 9933: 9932: 9927: 9922: 9917: 9912: 9907: 9902: 9897: 9891: 9889: 9883: 9882: 9880: 9879: 9874: 9873: 9872: 9862: 9857: 9852: 9847: 9842: 9837: 9832: 9827: 9821: 9819: 9815: 9814: 9812: 9811: 9806: 9801: 9796: 9791: 9786: 9781: 9776: 9771: 9766: 9761: 9756: 9751: 9746: 9741: 9736: 9731: 9726: 9724:Operation RYAN 9721: 9716: 9711: 9701: 9696: 9691: 9686: 9681: 9676: 9671: 9666: 9661: 9656: 9651: 9646: 9641: 9636: 9631: 9629:Able Archer 83 9626: 9621: 9616: 9611: 9606: 9601: 9596: 9591: 9586: 9581: 9576: 9575: 9574: 9564: 9559: 9554: 9545: 9540: 9534: 9532: 9528: 9527: 9525: 9524: 9519: 9514: 9509: 9504: 9499: 9494: 9489: 9484: 9479: 9474: 9469: 9464: 9459: 9454: 9449: 9444: 9439: 9434: 9426: 9421: 9416: 9411: 9406: 9401: 9396: 9391: 9386: 9381: 9379:Oromo conflict 9376: 9371: 9366: 9361: 9356: 9351: 9346: 9341: 9336: 9331: 9326: 9321: 9319:Yom Kippur War 9316: 9311: 9306: 9301: 9296: 9291: 9286: 9281: 9276: 9271: 9266: 9261: 9256: 9251: 9246: 9241: 9236: 9229: 9224: 9219: 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8544: 8543: 8538: 8533: 8528: 8527: 8526: 8516: 8511: 8506: 8501: 8496: 8491: 8486: 8481: 8476: 8471: 8466: 8461: 8456: 8451: 8450: 8449: 8444: 8439: 8429: 8424: 8419: 8414: 8409: 8404: 8399: 8394: 8389: 8384: 8379: 8374: 8369: 8364: 8356: 8348: 8340: 8335: 8330: 8325: 8317: 8312: 8311: 8310: 8305: 8297: 8284: 8279: 8274: 8269: 8263: 8261: 8257: 8256: 8254: 8253: 8248: 8243: 8238: 8233: 8228: 8223: 8218: 8213: 8206: 8198: 8195: 8194: 8187: 8186: 8179: 8172: 8164: 8155: 8154: 8151: 8150: 8148: 8147: 8141: 8139: 8138:Military units 8135: 8134: 8132: 8131: 8125: 8123: 8119: 8118: 8116: 8115: 8109: 8107: 8100: 8096: 8095: 8092: 8091: 8089: 8088: 8083: 8078: 8072: 8066: 8060: 8053: 8051: 8050:Foreign groups 8047: 8046: 8044: 8043: 8037: 8030: 8028: 8021: 8017: 8016: 8013: 8012: 8010: 8009: 8004: 7999: 7997:Gundolf Köhler 7993: 7991: 7987: 7986: 7984: 7983: 7982: 7981: 7976: 7971: 7961: 7960: 7959: 7949: 7948: 7947: 7942: 7932: 7931: 7930: 7928:Wolfgang Grams 7925: 7920: 7918:Christian Klar 7915: 7910: 7908:Ulrike Meinhof 7905: 7903:Jan-Carl Raspe 7900: 7898:Gudrun Ensslin 7895: 7893:Andreas Baader 7885: 7884: 7883: 7878: 7873: 7862: 7860: 7853: 7849: 7848: 7846: 7845: 7840: 7835: 7830: 7825: 7820: 7815: 7810: 7805: 7800: 7795: 7794: 7793: 7788: 7778: 7773: 7768: 7763: 7758: 7753: 7748: 7743: 7738: 7733: 7728: 7723: 7722: 7721: 7716: 7706: 7700: 7698: 7694: 7693: 7691: 7690: 7685: 7680: 7675: 7669: 7667: 7661: 7660: 7653: 7652: 7645: 7638: 7630: 7621: 7620: 7618: 7617: 7612: 7610:Daniela Klette 7607: 7602: 7597: 7595:Wolfgang Grams 7591: 7589: 7585: 7584: 7582: 7581: 7576: 7571: 7566: 7561: 7556: 7551: 7546: 7541: 7536: 7531: 7526: 7521: 7519:Christian Klar 7516: 7511: 7506: 7504:Siegfried Haag 7501: 7496: 7491: 7485: 7483: 7479: 7478: 7471: 7469: 7467: 7466: 7461: 7456: 7451: 7449:Jan-Carl Raspe 7446: 7441: 7439:Irmgard Möller 7436: 7431: 7429:Irene Goergens 7426: 7424:Ulrike Meinhof 7421: 7416: 7414:Gudrun Ensslin 7411: 7406: 7401: 7399:Andreas Baader 7395: 7393: 7389: 7388: 7381: 7380: 7373: 7366: 7358: 7352: 7351: 7345: 7335: 7330: 7325: 7317: 7305: 7304:, 4 March 2010 7286: 7281: 7278:The First Post 7270: 7264: 7253: 7251:Bloomberg News 7243: 7237: 7231: 7216: 7213: 7211: 7210: 7200: 7194: 7181: 7175: 7162: 7160:978-0520241190 7148: 7131: 7117: 7112:978-1604860306 7111: 7098: 7092: 7079: 7073: 7058: 7053:978-1604860283 7052: 7039: 7027: 7021: 7006: 7000: 6994:. Bloomsbury. 6985: 6979: 6966: 6952: 6934: 6928: 6912:Baumann, Bommi 6908: 6902: 6886: 6880: 6864: 6858: 6840: 6838: 6835: 6832: 6831: 6811: 6785: 6758: 6739: 6712: 6693: 6673: 6647: 6635: 6613: 6580: 6553: 6527: 6501: 6466: 6436: 6421: 6413: 6404:One Point Safe 6393: 6369: 6343: 6313: 6300:Jeffrey Herf, 6293: 6265: 6253: 6246: 6228: 6200: 6170: 6144: 6133:. 28 June 2017 6122: 6096: 6064: 6034: 6014: 5991: 5969: 5941: 5928: 5913: 5886: 5853: 5846: 5828: 5801: 5782: 5775: 5750: 5746:Terhoeven 2013 5738: 5732:Baader-Meinhof 5721: 5715:Baader-Meinhof 5704: 5698:978-3486855586 5697: 5675: 5669:Baader-Meinhof 5658: 5643: 5626: 5620:978-0471686781 5619: 5605:. Wiley-Liss. 5593: 5577: 5563:978-0262201285 5562: 5544: 5519: 5493: 5475: 5444: 5438:978-0820335834 5437: 5431:. p. 61. 5415: 5406: 5397: 5381: 5365: 5359:978-3550087288 5358: 5329: 5314: 5294: 5279: 5259: 5242: 5228: 5220:Baader-Meinhof 5210: 5197: 5174: 5168:978-1133171126 5167: 5149: 5124: 5099: 5092: 5086:. p. 84. 5070: 5051: 5021: 4989: 4964: 4933: 4903: 4878: 4857: 4836: 4816: 4803: 4776: 4744: 4731: 4694: 4669: 4648: 4641: 4619: 4580: 4558: 4534: 4527: 4502: 4481: 4452: 4423: 4404: 4373: 4347: 4325: 4314: 4292: 4291: 4289: 4286: 4283: 4282: 4272: 4248: 4211: 4197: 4196: 4194: 4191: 4190: 4189: 4184: 4177: 4174: 4173: 4172: 4162: 4153: 4150: 4149: 4148: 4141: 4134: 4124: 4112: 4109: 4107: 4104: 4103: 4102: 4099:Gudrun Ensslin 4095:Andreas Baader 4073: 4064: 4049: 4038: 4031: 4028:terrorist chic 4015: 4011:Baader Meinhof 4002: 3988: 3975:Christoph Hein 3972: 3945:'s 1991 novel 3940: 3937:Ulrike Meinhof 3919: 3907: 3900: 3897: 3884: 3878: 3870: 3864: 3851: 3836: 3835: 3794: 3792: 3785: 3779: 3776: 3759:A German Youth 3575:Reinhard Hauff 3483: 3480: 3478: 3475: 3473: 3472: 3469: 3466: 3463:Ulrike Meinhof 3460: 3457: 3454: 3451: 3445: 3442: 3436: 3430: 3427: 3421: 3415: 3409: 3406:Jan-Carl Raspe 3403: 3397: 3391: 3388:Gudrun Ensslin 3385: 3382:George Jackson 3379: 3376: 3373:Andreas Baader 3370: 3367: 3363: 3351:Black Panthers 3345: 3342: 3339: 3338: 3331: 3324:Deutsche Marks 3308:Wolfgang Grams 3304: 3298: 3293: 3289: 3288: 3286: 3275: 3268: 3263: 3259: 3258: 3256: 3249: 3244: 3241: 3237: 3236: 3234: 3226: 3219: 3214: 3210: 3209: 3207: 3204: 3198: 3193: 3189: 3188: 3186: 3179: 3177: 3167: 3163: 3162: 3160: 3149:Action Directe 3140: 3130: 3120: 3116: 3115: 3113: 3102: 3099: 3094: 3090: 3089: 3087: 3084: 3081: 3075: 3071: 3070: 3068: 3064: 3061: 3056: 3052: 3051: 3049: 3042: 3040: 3035: 3031: 3030: 3023: 3017: 3015: 3010: 3006: 3005: 3003: 2996: 2985:Alexander Haig 2982: 2976: 2972: 2971: 2969: 2958: 2952: 2951:, Netherlands 2946: 2942: 2941: 2939: 2924: 2921: 2917:A forest near 2915: 2909: 2908: 2906: 2899: 2896: 2895:, Netherlands 2890: 2886: 2885: 2883: 2880: 2870: 2858: 2851: 2850: 2848: 2837: 2831: 2821: 2817: 2816: 2814: 2806: 2800: 2795: 2791: 2790: 2788: 2785: 2782: 2777: 2776:4 January 1977 2773: 2772: 2770: 2767: 2764: 2755: 2751: 2750: 2748: 2745: 2739: 2733: 2729: 2728: 2726: 2711: 2700: 2695: 2691: 2690: 2688: 2681: 2674: 2669: 2665: 2664: 2662: 2655: 2652: 2647: 2643: 2642: 2640: 2633: 2630: 2621: 2617: 2616: 2609: 2599: 2596: 2591: 2587: 2586: 2584: 2581: 2578: 2576:Kaiserslautern 2573: 2569: 2568: 2566: 2558: 2555: 2550: 2546: 2545: 2542: 2539: 2536: 2533: 2516: 2513: 2446:Christian Klar 2410: 2407: 2374: 2371: 2363:Rudolf Seiters 2347:Wolfgang Grams 2226:US Air Force's 2209: 2206: 2142:Irmgard Möller 2128: 2125: 2096:, and then to 2041:Helmut Schmidt 2014:Christian Klar 2000:, the head of 1990:Main article: 1987: 1984: 1978:, which makes 1896:Gudrun Ensslin 1892:Andreas Baader 1887:Benno Ohnesorg 1882: 1879: 1864:Helmut Schmidt 1843: 1840: 1806: 1803: 1799:Deutsche Marks 1747:Adolf Eichmann 1741: 1738: 1694: 1691: 1642:Helmut Schmidt 1615:hunger strikes 1573: 1570: 1563:submachine gun 1551:bank robberies 1521: 1519: 1516: 1443:published his 1282: 1271: 1270: 1229: 1227: 1220: 1214: 1211: 1188:Josef Bachmann 1165:Horst Söhnlein 1161:Thorwald Proll 1157:Andreas Baader 1153:Gudrun Ensslin 1056:superstructure 1014:Vladimir Putin 954:Jan Carl Raspe 942:Ulrike Meinhof 938: 937: 914: 887: 862: 806:, with former 753:denazification 712:youth identity 710:. Newly-found 673: 671: 668: 651:splinter group 646: 643: 639:Daniela Klette 627: 626: 619: 616: 556:organization. 542:Gudrun Ensslin 538:Ulrike Meinhof 534:Andreas Baader 416: 415: 402: 395: 394: 392: 391: 386: 380: 378: 374: 373: 371: 370: 357: 342: 326: 324: 320: 319: 306:Action Directe 260: 256: 255: 250: 244: 243: 241: 240: 235: 230: 225: 220: 215: 209: 207: 201: 200: 198: 197: 192: 187: 182: 175: 167: 165: 161: 160: 158: 157: 140: 138: 132: 131: 129: 128: 123: 113:Gudrun Ensslin 110: 100:Ulrike Meinhof 97: 87:Andreas Baader 83: 81: 77: 76: 66: 58: 57: 51: 50: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11089: 11078: 11075: 11073: 11070: 11068: 11065: 11064: 11062: 11052: 11042: 11040: 11030: 11028: 11018: 11016: 11011: 11006: 11004: 10999: 10994: 10993: 10990: 10977: 10974: 10972: 10969: 10967: 10964: 10963: 10960: 10954: 10951: 10949: 10946: 10944: 10941: 10939: 10938:War on terror 10936: 10934: 10931: 10929: 10926: 10924: 10921: 10919: 10916: 10915: 10913: 10909: 10903: 10900: 10898: 10895: 10893: 10890: 10888: 10885: 10883: 10880: 10878: 10875: 10873: 10870: 10868: 10865: 10863: 10860: 10858: 10855: 10853: 10850: 10848: 10845: 10843: 10840: 10839: 10837: 10833:Espionage and 10831: 10825: 10822: 10820: 10817: 10815: 10812: 10810: 10807: 10805: 10802: 10800: 10797: 10795: 10792: 10790: 10787: 10785: 10784:Andrew Thorpe 10782: 10780: 10777: 10775: 10772: 10770: 10767: 10765: 10762: 10760: 10757: 10755: 10752: 10750: 10747: 10745: 10742: 10740: 10737: 10735: 10732: 10730: 10727: 10725: 10722: 10720: 10717: 10715: 10712: 10710: 10707: 10705: 10702: 10700: 10697: 10695: 10692: 10690: 10687: 10685: 10682: 10680: 10679:Gabriel Kolko 10677: 10675: 10672: 10670: 10667: 10665: 10662: 10660: 10657: 10655: 10652: 10650: 10647: 10645: 10644:Fred Halliday 10642: 10640: 10637: 10635: 10632: 10630: 10629:Lloyd Gardner 10627: 10625: 10622: 10620: 10617: 10615: 10612: 10610: 10607: 10605: 10602: 10600: 10597: 10595: 10592: 10590: 10589:Norman Davies 10587: 10585: 10582: 10580: 10577: 10575: 10574:John Costello 10572: 10570: 10567: 10565: 10562: 10560: 10557: 10555: 10552: 10550: 10547: 10545: 10542: 10541: 10539: 10535: 10529: 10526: 10524: 10521: 10519: 10516: 10515: 10513: 10509:Technological 10507: 10497: 10494: 10492: 10489: 10488: 10485: 10482: 10480: 10479: 10475: 10473: 10470: 10468: 10467: 10463: 10462: 10460: 10456: 10450: 10449: 10445: 10443: 10440: 10438: 10437: 10433: 10431: 10430: 10426: 10424: 10421: 10419: 10418: 10414: 10412: 10411: 10407: 10405: 10404: 10400: 10398: 10395: 10394: 10392: 10390:Pro-communist 10388: 10385: 10381: 10375: 10372: 10370: 10367: 10365: 10362: 10360: 10357: 10355: 10352: 10350: 10347: 10345: 10342: 10340: 10337: 10335: 10332: 10330: 10327: 10325: 10322: 10321: 10319: 10317:Organizations 10315: 10305: 10302: 10300: 10297: 10295: 10292: 10290: 10287: 10285: 10282: 10280: 10277: 10275: 10272: 10270: 10267: 10265: 10262: 10260: 10257: 10255: 10252: 10250: 10247: 10245: 10242: 10240: 10237: 10235: 10232: 10230: 10227: 10225: 10222: 10220: 10217: 10215: 10212: 10210: 10207: 10205: 10202: 10200: 10197: 10195: 10192: 10190: 10187: 10186: 10184: 10180: 10174: 10171: 10169: 10166: 10164: 10161: 10159: 10156: 10154: 10151: 10149: 10148: 10144: 10142: 10139: 10137: 10134: 10132: 10131:Eurocommunism 10129: 10127: 10124: 10122: 10119: 10117: 10114: 10113: 10111: 10109: 10105: 10099: 10096: 10094: 10091: 10089: 10086: 10084: 10081: 10079: 10076: 10074: 10071: 10069: 10066: 10062: 10059: 10058: 10057: 10054: 10052: 10049: 10047: 10044: 10043: 10041: 10039: 10035: 10032: 10028: 10022: 10019: 10017: 10014: 10012: 10009: 10007: 10004: 10002: 9999: 9997: 9994: 9992: 9989: 9987: 9984: 9982: 9979: 9977: 9974: 9972: 9969: 9967: 9964: 9962: 9961:Domino theory 9959: 9957: 9954: 9952: 9949: 9947: 9944: 9943: 9941: 9937: 9931: 9928: 9926: 9923: 9921: 9918: 9916: 9915:South Ossetia 9913: 9911: 9908: 9906: 9903: 9901: 9898: 9896: 9893: 9892: 9890: 9888: 9884: 9878: 9875: 9871: 9868: 9867: 9866: 9863: 9861: 9858: 9856: 9853: 9851: 9848: 9846: 9843: 9841: 9838: 9836: 9833: 9831: 9828: 9826: 9823: 9822: 9820: 9816: 9810: 9807: 9805: 9802: 9800: 9797: 9795: 9792: 9790: 9787: 9785: 9782: 9780: 9777: 9775: 9772: 9770: 9767: 9765: 9762: 9760: 9757: 9755: 9752: 9750: 9747: 9745: 9742: 9740: 9737: 9735: 9732: 9730: 9727: 9725: 9722: 9720: 9717: 9715: 9712: 9709: 9705: 9702: 9700: 9699:8888 Uprising 9697: 9695: 9692: 9690: 9687: 9685: 9682: 9680: 9677: 9675: 9672: 9670: 9667: 9665: 9662: 9660: 9657: 9655: 9652: 9650: 9647: 9645: 9644:Iran–Iraq War 9642: 9640: 9637: 9635: 9632: 9630: 9627: 9625: 9622: 9620: 9617: 9615: 9612: 9610: 9609:Falklands War 9607: 9605: 9602: 9600: 9597: 9595: 9592: 9590: 9587: 9585: 9582: 9580: 9577: 9573: 9570: 9569: 9568: 9565: 9563: 9560: 9558: 9555: 9553: 9549: 9546: 9544: 9541: 9539: 9536: 9535: 9533: 9529: 9523: 9520: 9518: 9515: 9513: 9510: 9508: 9505: 9503: 9500: 9498: 9495: 9493: 9490: 9488: 9485: 9483: 9480: 9478: 9475: 9473: 9472:NDF Rebellion 9470: 9468: 9465: 9463: 9460: 9458: 9455: 9453: 9452:German Autumn 9450: 9448: 9445: 9443: 9440: 9438: 9435: 9433: 9432: 9427: 9425: 9422: 9420: 9417: 9415: 9412: 9410: 9407: 9405: 9402: 9400: 9397: 9395: 9392: 9390: 9387: 9385: 9382: 9380: 9377: 9375: 9372: 9370: 9367: 9365: 9362: 9360: 9357: 9355: 9352: 9350: 9347: 9345: 9342: 9340: 9339:Metapolitefsi 9337: 9335: 9332: 9330: 9327: 9325: 9322: 9320: 9317: 9315: 9312: 9310: 9307: 9305: 9302: 9300: 9297: 9295: 9292: 9290: 9287: 9285: 9282: 9280: 9277: 9275: 9272: 9270: 9267: 9265: 9262: 9260: 9257: 9255: 9252: 9250: 9247: 9245: 9242: 9240: 9237: 9235: 9234: 9230: 9228: 9225: 9223: 9220: 9218: 9215: 9213: 9210: 9208: 9205: 9203: 9200: 9198: 9195: 9193: 9190: 9188: 9185: 9183: 9180: 9179: 9177: 9173: 9167: 9164: 9162: 9159: 9157: 9154: 9152: 9149: 9147: 9144: 9140: 9137: 9136: 9135: 9132: 9130: 9127: 9125: 9122: 9120: 9117: 9115: 9112: 9110: 9108: 9103: 9101: 9100:Prague Spring 9098: 9094: 9091: 9090: 9089: 9086: 9084: 9081: 9079: 9078:Al-Wadiah War 9076: 9074: 9071: 9069: 9066: 9064: 9061: 9059: 9056: 9054: 9051: 9049: 9046: 9044: 9043:12-3 incident 9041: 9039: 9036: 9034: 9031: 9029: 9026: 9024: 9021: 9019: 9016: 9014: 9011: 9009: 9006: 9004: 9001: 8999: 8996: 8994: 8991: 8989: 8986: 8984: 8981: 8979: 8976: 8972: 8969: 8968: 8967: 8964: 8962: 8959: 8957: 8954: 8952: 8949: 8947: 8944: 8942: 8939: 8937: 8934: 8932: 8929: 8927: 8924: 8922: 8919: 8917: 8914: 8912: 8909: 8907: 8904: 8900: 8897: 8895: 8892: 8890: 8887: 8886: 8885: 8882: 8880: 8877: 8875: 8872: 8870: 8867: 8865: 8862: 8860: 8857: 8855: 8852: 8848: 8845: 8844: 8843: 8840: 8836: 8833: 8832: 8831: 8828: 8826: 8823: 8821: 8818: 8816: 8813: 8811: 8808: 8806: 8803: 8802: 8800: 8796: 8790: 8787: 8783: 8780: 8779: 8778: 8775: 8773: 8770: 8768: 8765: 8763: 8760: 8758: 8755: 8753: 8750: 8748: 8745: 8743: 8740: 8738: 8735: 8733: 8730: 8728: 8725: 8723: 8722: 8717: 8714: 8710: 8708: 8705: 8703: 8700: 8698: 8695: 8693: 8690: 8687: 8683: 8681: 8678: 8676: 8673: 8671: 8668: 8666: 8663: 8661: 8658: 8656: 8653: 8651: 8648: 8646: 8643: 8641: 8640: 8635: 8633: 8630: 8628: 8625: 8623: 8622:Domino theory 8620: 8618: 8617:Petrov Affair 8615: 8613: 8610: 8608: 8605: 8603: 8600: 8598: 8595: 8593: 8590: 8588: 8585: 8583: 8580: 8578: 8575: 8573: 8570: 8568: 8565: 8563: 8560: 8558: 8555: 8554: 8552: 8548: 8542: 8539: 8537: 8534: 8532: 8529: 8525: 8522: 8521: 8520: 8517: 8515: 8512: 8510: 8507: 8505: 8502: 8500: 8497: 8495: 8494:Madiun Affair 8492: 8490: 8487: 8485: 8482: 8480: 8477: 8475: 8472: 8470: 8467: 8465: 8462: 8460: 8457: 8455: 8454:Marshall Plan 8452: 8448: 8445: 8443: 8440: 8438: 8435: 8434: 8433: 8430: 8428: 8425: 8423: 8420: 8418: 8415: 8413: 8410: 8408: 8405: 8403: 8400: 8398: 8395: 8393: 8390: 8388: 8385: 8383: 8380: 8378: 8375: 8373: 8370: 8368: 8365: 8363: 8362: 8357: 8355: 8354: 8349: 8347: 8346: 8341: 8339: 8336: 8334: 8331: 8329: 8326: 8324: 8323: 8318: 8316: 8313: 8309: 8306: 8304: 8303: 8298: 8296: 8295: 8290: 8289: 8288: 8285: 8283: 8280: 8278: 8275: 8273: 8270: 8268: 8265: 8264: 8262: 8258: 8252: 8249: 8247: 8244: 8242: 8239: 8237: 8234: 8232: 8229: 8227: 8224: 8222: 8219: 8217: 8214: 8212: 8211: 8207: 8205: 8204: 8203:United States 8200: 8199: 8196: 8192: 8185: 8180: 8178: 8173: 8171: 8166: 8165: 8162: 8146: 8143: 8142: 8140: 8136: 8130: 8127: 8126: 8124: 8120: 8114: 8111: 8110: 8108: 8104: 8101: 8097: 8087: 8084: 8082: 8079: 8076: 8073: 8070: 8067: 8064: 8061: 8058: 8055: 8054: 8052: 8048: 8041: 8038: 8035: 8032: 8031: 8029: 8025: 8022: 8018: 8008: 8005: 8003: 8000: 7998: 7995: 7994: 7992: 7988: 7980: 7977: 7975: 7974:Uwe Böhnhardt 7972: 7970: 7969:Beate Zschäpe 7967: 7966: 7965: 7962: 7958: 7955: 7954: 7953: 7950: 7946: 7945:Wilfried Böse 7943: 7941: 7938: 7937: 7936: 7933: 7929: 7926: 7924: 7921: 7919: 7916: 7914: 7911: 7909: 7906: 7904: 7901: 7899: 7896: 7894: 7891: 7890: 7889: 7886: 7882: 7879: 7877: 7874: 7872: 7869: 7868: 7867: 7864: 7863: 7861: 7857: 7854: 7850: 7844: 7841: 7839: 7836: 7834: 7831: 7829: 7826: 7824: 7821: 7819: 7816: 7814: 7811: 7809: 7806: 7804: 7801: 7799: 7796: 7792: 7789: 7787: 7784: 7783: 7782: 7779: 7777: 7774: 7772: 7769: 7767: 7764: 7762: 7759: 7757: 7754: 7752: 7749: 7747: 7744: 7742: 7739: 7737: 7734: 7732: 7729: 7727: 7724: 7720: 7717: 7715: 7712: 7711: 7710: 7709:German autumn 7707: 7705: 7702: 7701: 7699: 7695: 7689: 7686: 7684: 7681: 7679: 7676: 7674: 7671: 7670: 7668: 7662: 7658: 7651: 7646: 7644: 7639: 7637: 7632: 7631: 7628: 7616: 7613: 7611: 7608: 7606: 7603: 7601: 7598: 7596: 7593: 7592: 7590: 7586: 7580: 7577: 7575: 7572: 7570: 7567: 7565: 7562: 7560: 7557: 7555: 7552: 7550: 7547: 7545: 7542: 7540: 7537: 7535: 7532: 7530: 7527: 7525: 7522: 7520: 7517: 7515: 7512: 7510: 7507: 7505: 7502: 7500: 7499:Knut Folkerts 7497: 7495: 7492: 7490: 7489:Verena Becker 7487: 7486: 7484: 7480: 7475: 7465: 7462: 7460: 7457: 7455: 7452: 7450: 7447: 7445: 7442: 7440: 7437: 7435: 7432: 7430: 7427: 7425: 7422: 7420: 7417: 7415: 7412: 7410: 7407: 7405: 7404:Ingeborg Barz 7402: 7400: 7397: 7396: 7394: 7390: 7386: 7379: 7374: 7372: 7367: 7365: 7360: 7359: 7356: 7349: 7346: 7344: 7340: 7336: 7334: 7331: 7329: 7326: 7324: 7323: 7318: 7316: 7312: 7309: 7306: 7303: 7302: 7297: 7293: 7290: 7287: 7285: 7282: 7280: 7279: 7274: 7271: 7268: 7265: 7262: 7261:Crime Library 7258: 7254: 7252: 7248: 7244: 7241: 7238: 7235: 7232: 7229: 7225: 7222: 7219: 7218: 7207: 7206: 7201: 7197: 7191: 7187: 7182: 7178: 7172: 7168: 7163: 7161: 7157: 7151: 7145: 7141: 7137: 7132: 7127: 7123: 7118: 7114: 7108: 7104: 7099: 7095: 7089: 7085: 7080: 7076: 7070: 7066: 7065: 7059: 7055: 7049: 7045: 7040: 7036: 7032: 7028: 7024: 7018: 7014: 7013: 7007: 7003: 6997: 6993: 6992: 6986: 6982: 6976: 6972: 6967: 6965: 6961: 6955: 6949: 6945: 6944: 6939: 6935: 6931: 6925: 6921: 6917: 6913: 6909: 6905: 6899: 6895: 6891: 6887: 6883: 6877: 6873: 6869: 6865: 6861: 6855: 6851: 6847: 6842: 6841: 6828: 6824: 6821: 6815: 6799: 6795: 6789: 6773: 6769: 6762: 6755: 6751: 6748: 6743: 6736: 6732: 6729: 6727: 6723: 6716: 6700: 6696: 6690: 6686: 6685: 6677: 6661: 6657: 6651: 6644: 6639: 6631: 6627: 6623: 6617: 6601: 6597: 6593: 6587: 6585: 6568: 6564: 6557: 6541: 6537: 6531: 6515: 6511: 6505: 6486: 6479: 6473: 6471: 6454: 6450: 6446: 6440: 6433: 6432: 6425: 6416: 6410: 6406: 6405: 6397: 6390: 6386: 6382: 6379: 6373: 6357: 6353: 6347: 6331: 6327: 6323: 6317: 6310: 6306: 6303: 6297: 6290: 6289: 6284: 6281: 6277: 6274: 6269: 6262: 6257: 6249: 6243: 6239: 6232: 6217: 6216: 6211: 6204: 6188: 6184: 6180: 6174: 6158: 6154: 6148: 6132: 6126: 6110: 6107:(in German). 6106: 6100: 6084: 6080: 6079: 6074: 6068: 6052: 6048: 6044: 6038: 6031: 6030: 6025: 6024: 6018: 6010: 6006: 6002: 5995: 5987: 5983: 5979: 5973: 5965: 5961: 5957: 5956: 5951: 5945: 5938: 5932: 5924: 5917: 5901: 5897: 5890: 5874: 5870: 5869: 5864: 5857: 5849: 5843: 5839: 5832: 5824: 5820: 5816: 5812: 5805: 5798: 5794: 5793: 5786: 5778: 5772: 5768: 5764: 5760: 5754: 5747: 5742: 5734: 5733: 5725: 5717: 5716: 5708: 5700: 5694: 5690: 5686: 5679: 5671: 5670: 5662: 5654: 5647: 5639: 5638: 5630: 5622: 5616: 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4003: 4000: 3996: 3992: 3989: 3986: 3981: 3976: 3973: 3970: 3966: 3962: 3958: 3954: 3950: 3949: 3944: 3941: 3938: 3934: 3930: 3926: 3925: 3920: 3917: 3916: 3911: 3908: 3905: 3904:Legião Urbana 3901: 3898: 3895: 3894: 3889: 3885: 3882: 3879: 3876: 3875: 3871: 3868: 3865: 3862: 3859: 3855: 3852: 3849: 3848: 3843: 3842:Heinrich Böll 3840: 3839: 3832: 3829: 3821: 3811: 3807: 3801: 3800: 3795:This section 3793: 3789: 3784: 3783: 3775: 3773: 3772: 3767: 3762: 3760: 3756: 3755: 3750: 3746: 3742: 3741: 3735: 3733: 3729: 3725: 3721: 3717: 3713: 3709: 3708: 3707:Black Box BRD 3703: 3699: 3695: 3690: 3688: 3684: 3683: 3678: 3674: 3671: 3666: 3661: 3657: 3653: 3652: 3647: 3646:Markus Imhoof 3642: 3640: 3636: 3632: 3628: 3624: 3623: 3618: 3614: 3612: 3608: 3604: 3600: 3596: 3592: 3591: 3586: 3582: 3581: 3576: 3573:, 1981); and 3572: 3568: 3564: 3563: 3558: 3554: 3550: 3549: 3544: 3540: 3536: 3532: 3531: 3526: 3525: 3520: 3519:Heinrich Böll 3516: 3515: 3510: 3506: 3502: 3501:The Arsonists 3498: 3495: 3490: 3470: 3467: 3464: 3461: 3458: 3455: 3452: 3449: 3446: 3443: 3440: 3437: 3434: 3431: 3428: 3425: 3422: 3419: 3416: 3413: 3410: 3407: 3404: 3401: 3398: 3395: 3392: 3389: 3386: 3383: 3380: 3377: 3374: 3371: 3368: 3365: 3364: 3362: 3360: 3356: 3352: 3344:RAF Commandos 3336: 3332: 3329: 3325: 3321: 3317: 3313: 3309: 3305: 3302: 3299: 3297: 3294: 3292:27 March 1993 3291: 3290: 3287: 3284: 3280: 3276: 3273: 3269: 3267: 3264: 3261: 3260: 3257: 3254: 3250: 3248: 3245: 3242: 3239: 3238: 3235: 3232: 3227: 3224: 3220: 3218: 3215: 3212: 3211: 3208: 3205: 3203: 3199: 3197: 3194: 3191: 3190: 3187: 3184: 3180: 3178: 3175: 3171: 3168: 3165: 3164: 3161: 3158: 3154: 3150: 3146: 3141: 3138: 3134: 3131: 3128: 3124: 3121: 3119:8 August 1985 3118: 3117: 3114: 3111: 3107: 3103: 3100: 3098: 3095: 3092: 3091: 3088: 3085: 3082: 3079: 3076: 3073: 3072: 3069: 3065: 3062: 3060: 3057: 3054: 3053: 3050: 3047: 3043: 3041: 3039: 3036: 3033: 3032: 3028: 3024: 3022: 3018: 3016: 3014: 3011: 3008: 3007: 3004: 3001: 2997: 2994: 2990: 2986: 2983: 2980: 2977: 2975:25 June 1979 2974: 2973: 2970: 2967: 2966:Rolf Heissler 2963: 2959: 2957: 2953: 2950: 2947: 2944: 2943: 2940: 2937: 2936:Michael Knoll 2933: 2929: 2925: 2922: 2920: 2916: 2911: 2910: 2907: 2904: 2903:Knut Folkerts 2900: 2897: 2894: 2891: 2888: 2887: 2884: 2881: 2878: 2874: 2871: 2869: 2867: 2862: 2859: 2857: 2853: 2852: 2849: 2846: 2842: 2841:Dresdner Bank 2838: 2836: 2832: 2829: 2825: 2822: 2819: 2818: 2815: 2812: 2807: 2805: 2801: 2799: 2796: 2793: 2792: 2789: 2786: 2783: 2781: 2778: 2775: 2774: 2771: 2768: 2765: 2763: 2759: 2756: 2753: 2752: 2749: 2746: 2743: 2740: 2737: 2734: 2732:24 April 1975 2731: 2730: 2727: 2724: 2720: 2716: 2712: 2709: 2705: 2701: 2699: 2696: 2693: 2692: 2689: 2686: 2682: 2679: 2675: 2673: 2670: 2667: 2666: 2663: 2660: 2656: 2653: 2651: 2648: 2645: 2644: 2641: 2638: 2634: 2631: 2629: 2625: 2622: 2619: 2618: 2614: 2610: 2608: 2604: 2600: 2597: 2595: 2592: 2589: 2588: 2585: 2582: 2579: 2577: 2574: 2571: 2570: 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1951: 1948: 1944: 1939: 1937: 1933: 1928: 1926: 1922: 1917: 1915: 1910: 1908: 1903: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1888: 1881:Criminal acts 1878: 1876: 1872: 1867: 1865: 1861: 1860:Richard Nixon 1855: 1853: 1847: 1839: 1837: 1831: 1828: 1823: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1802: 1800: 1794: 1787: 1783: 1781: 1777: 1774: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1755: 1754: 1748: 1737: 1733: 1730: 1729: 1723: 1722: 1715: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1700: 1690: 1686: 1684: 1679: 1678: 1672: 1671: 1666: 1661: 1659: 1653: 1650: 1645: 1643: 1639: 1634: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1618: 1616: 1611: 1609: 1605: 1604: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1578: 1569: 1566: 1564: 1561: 1557: 1552: 1548: 1542: 1539: 1538: 1533:, author of 1532: 1525: 1515: 1513: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1475:expropriation 1472: 1468: 1462: 1450: 1448: 1447: 1442: 1437: 1435: 1431: 1430:quartermaster 1427: 1423: 1418: 1416: 1412: 1411:guerrilla war 1408: 1404: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1375: 1373: 1372:Situationists 1367: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1344: 1342: 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The Berlin 1143: 1139: 1135: 1130: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1095: 1093: 1089: 1084: 1083: 1076: 1071: 1069: 1064: 1063: 1057: 1052: 1051: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1033:nation states 1030: 1026: 1021: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1003: 999: 994: 991: 990: 983: 979: 975: 971: 967: 963: 959: 956:lived at the 955: 951: 947: 943: 936:philosophers. 935: 931: 927: 923: 919: 915: 912: 908: 904: 900: 896: 892: 891:class society 888: 885: 881: 880: 879: 877: 868: 861: 859: 857: 852: 846: 843: 840: 839: 833: 829: 825: 821: 817: 813: 809: 805: 801: 797: 793: 792:Axel Springer 789: 785: 780: 778: 774: 770: 766: 762: 758: 754: 749: 746: 744: 743:Brigate Rosse 737: 736:authoritarian 733: 729: 725: 721: 717: 713: 709: 705: 701: 697: 693: 687: 684: 677: 667: 664: 658: 656: 652: 642: 640: 636: 632: 624: 620: 617: 614: 613: 612: 609: 607: 603: 599: 595: 591: 587: 583: 579: 575: 571: 570:Dresdner Bank 567: 563: 562:German Autumn 557: 555: 551: 547: 543: 539: 535: 531: 527: 523: 519: 515: 512: 508: 504: 497: 491: 483: 479: 475: 468: 462: 454: 453: 448: 441: 435: 427: 423: 414: 403: 400: 396: 390: 389:German Autumn 387: 385: 382: 381: 379: 375: 369: 368:United States 358: 354: 343: 339: 328: 327: 325: 321: 318: 317:Brigate Rosse 307: 296: 284: 272: 261: 257: 254: 251: 249: 245: 239: 236: 234: 231: 229: 226: 224: 221: 219: 216: 214: 211: 210: 208: 206: 202: 196: 193: 191: 188: 186: 183: 179: 176: 172: 169: 168: 166: 162: 142: 141: 139: 133: 127: 124: 122: 120: 114: 111: 109: 107: 101: 98: 96: 94: 88: 85: 84: 82: 78: 74: 70: 64: 59: 52: 47: 44: 40: 33: 19: 10943:Brinkmanship 10835:intelligence 10724:Marius Oprea 10674:Harvey Klehr 10604:Herbert Feis 10594:Willem Drees 10559:Archie Brown 10476: 10464: 10446: 10436:Trybuna Ludu 10434: 10427: 10423:Radio Moscow 10415: 10408: 10401: 10229:Anti-Zionism 10145: 10068:Keynesianism 10056:Conservatism 9920:Transnistria 9900:China-Taiwan 9557:Gera Demands 9430: 9231: 9106: 8911:El Porteñazo 8805:Congo Crisis 8720: 8655:Algerian War 8638: 8514:Western Bloc 8509:Eastern Bloc 8504:Iron Curtain 8360: 8352: 8344: 8321: 8301: 8293: 8210:Soviet Union 8208: 8201: 8033: 7887: 7664:Main attacks 7559:Ina Siepmann 7454:Petra Schelm 7444:Astrid Proll 7434:Holger Meins 7419:Horst Mahler 7338: 7321: 7299: 7276: 7260: 7255:Denise Noe, 7250: 7204: 7185: 7169:. AK Press. 7166: 7135: 7125: 7102: 7083: 7063: 7046:. PM Press. 7043: 7035:883 Magazine 7034: 7011: 6990: 6970: 6942: 6915: 6893: 6890:Aust, Stefan 6871: 6868:Aust, Stefan 6845: 6814: 6802:. Retrieved 6788: 6778:12 September 6776:. Retrieved 6761: 6747:BBC4 website 6742: 6725: 6721: 6715: 6703:. Retrieved 6683: 6676: 6664:. Retrieved 6650: 6638: 6630:the original 6625: 6616: 6604:. Retrieved 6595: 6571:. Retrieved 6567:the original 6556: 6544:. Retrieved 6540:the original 6530: 6518:. Retrieved 6514:the original 6504: 6492:. Retrieved 6485:the original 6457:. Retrieved 6453:the original 6448: 6439: 6429: 6424: 6403: 6396: 6388: 6372: 6360:. Retrieved 6356:the original 6346: 6334:. Retrieved 6325: 6316: 6296: 6286: 6282: 6268: 6256: 6237: 6231: 6219:. Retrieved 6215:The Guardian 6213: 6203: 6191:. Retrieved 6173: 6163:10 September 6161:. Retrieved 6157:the original 6147: 6135:. Retrieved 6125: 6113:. Retrieved 6099: 6087:. Retrieved 6076: 6067: 6055:. 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Retrieved 4392:The Guardian 4391: 4364:Jungle World 4363: 4350: 4341: 4337: 4319: 4305: 4275: 4251: 4231: 4214: 4201: 4168: 4158: 4144: 4137: 4127: 4117: 4076: 4067: 4056: 4021: 4009: 3994: 3984: 3953:Eastern Bloc 3946: 3939:and the RAF. 3929:anarcho-punk 3922: 3913: 3891: 3872: 3858:experimental 3845: 3824: 3815: 3804:Please help 3799:verification 3796: 3769: 3763: 3758: 3752: 3749:Andres Veiel 3745:Bettina Röhl 3738: 3736: 3731: 3727: 3726:(2003); and 3719: 3715: 3711: 3705: 3702:Andres Veiel 3697: 3693: 3691: 3686: 3680: 3676: 3663: 3655: 3649: 3643: 3626: 3620: 3615: 3610: 3606: 3602: 3594: 3588: 3578: 3570: 3566: 3560: 3552: 3546: 3528: 3522: 3512: 3500: 3489:Brandstifter 3487: 3485: 3439:Patsy O'Hara 3394:Holger Meins 3359:Red Brigades 3347: 3262:1 April 1991 3110:Patsy O'Hara 3078:Oberammergau 3055:2 July 1982 2932:Werner Lotze 2864: 2855: 2845:Jürgen Ponto 2835:Jürgen Ponto 2820:30 July 1977 2794:7 April 1977 2758:Sprendlingen 2719:Petra Schelm 2683:17 wounded. 2606: 2601:US Army LTC 2494: 2487: 2482:The Guardian 2480: 2465: 2458: 2442:Horst Köhler 2436: 2414:Horst Mahler 2412: 2403:Horst Herold 2396: 2384: 2376: 2367: 2353:. Grams and 2332: 2324: 2320: 2296:East Germany 2285: 2211: 2194: 2166: 2147: 2138: 2110: 2087: 2071: 2045: 2034: 2022: 1998:Jürgen Ponto 1995: 1973: 1971: 1964: 1956: 1952: 1943:Peter Lorenz 1940: 1936:Holger Meins 1929: 1918: 1911: 1904: 1884: 1868: 1856: 1848: 1845: 1832: 1824: 1808: 1788: 1784: 1743: 1734: 1719: 1716: 1696: 1687: 1668: 1662: 1654: 1646: 1635: 1622:Peter Lorenz 1619: 1612: 1601: 1583: 1567: 1558:logo with a 1544: 1527: 1523: 1512:East Germany 1482: 1464: 1452: 1444: 1438: 1422:active units 1419: 1383: 1379: 1376: 1345: 1325:Régis Debray 1303: 1295: 1294:, author of 1288: 1284: 1259: 1250: 1239:Please help 1234:verification 1231: 1205:Bild-Zeitung 1196: 1186:sympathizer 1177: 1159:, joined by 1150: 1131: 1111:Berlin Opera 1103:Shah of Iran 1096: 1072: 1048: 1022: 1018:East Germany 1002:Situationist 995: 962:Horst Mahler 949: 946:Holger Meins 940:RAF founder 939: 899:Frantz Fanon 873: 854: 848: 844: 784:conservative 781: 757:East Germany 750: 700:baby boomers 689: 682: 679: 675: 659: 657:of a whole. 654: 648: 628: 610: 606:Eastern Bloc 574:Jürgen Ponto 558: 546:Horst Mahler 477: 473: 451: 425: 421: 419: 413:West Germany 341:(until 1990) 338:West Germany 271:East Germany 233:Anti-fascism 174:(until 1990) 171:West Germany 126:Horst Mahler 118: 105: 92: 43: 10769:Shen Zhihua 10579:Michael Cox 10511:competition 10458:Pro-Western 10448:Soviet Life 10374:Safari Club 10344:Warsaw Pact 10199:Nationalism 10189:Imperialism 10088:Reaganomics 9951:Containment 9744:Perestroika 9233:Realpolitik 9063:Six-Day War 9048:Greek junta 8859:Berlin Wall 8707:Suez Crisis 8675:Vietnam War 8562:McCarthyism 8377:Baruch Plan 8322:Unthinkable 8282:Dekemvriana 8221:Warsaw Pact 7979:Uwe Mundlos 7574:Rolf Wagner 7322:Death Night 6705:21 February 6658:. 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A Lane. 6837:References 6285: [ 6029:Junge Welt 5799:, May 2007 4642:0198206933 4167:(editor): 4106:Literature 4053:Van Badham 3943:Tom Clancy 3734:) (2006). 3689:) (2000). 3677:Death Game 3665:Todesspiel 3433:Mara Cagol 3357:, and the 3266:Düsseldorf 3112:Commando. 3038:Heidelberg 2981:, Belgium 2754:7 May 1976 2698:Heidelberg 2661:commando. 2639:Commando. 2519:See also: 2507:, despite 2497:anarchists 2477:Cremlingen 2401:President 2300:Yugoslavia 2243:executive 2187:Libération 1925:Heidelberg 1469:training, 1467:small arms 1370:, and the 1253:April 2017 1201:newspaper 1184:right-wing 1105:, visited 982:Mao Zedong 930:Oskar Negt 911:Autonomism 808:Nazi Party 670:Background 604:and other 586:bodyguards 518:resistance 457:pronounced 151:1998-04-20 147:1970-05-14 11039:Communism 11027:Biography 10824:Ken Young 10669:Tony Judt 10518:Arms race 10491:Red Scare 10359:NN States 10304:Apartheid 10259:Autocracy 10168:Stalinism 10136:Guevarism 10126:Castroism 10116:Communism 10108:Socialism 9634:Star Wars 9227:Koza riot 8353:Beleaguer 8345:Masterdom 8077:(defunct) 8071:(defunct) 8065:(defunct) 8059:(defunct) 8042:(defunct) 8036:(defunct) 8007:Anis Amri 7871:Abu Daoud 7600:Eva Haule 5653:The Times 5637:The Times 5289:153885400 4812:Grey Room 4764:E-journal 4760:Negations 4412:IM.NRW.de 4224:Basic Law 4033:In 2003, 3977:'s novel 3867:Brian Eno 3818:June 2020 3651:Die Reise 3625:(German: 3597:, 2000); 3580:Stammheim 3555:, 1979); 3521:'s novel 3503:, 1969); 3225:(killed) 3170:Straßlach 3157:Eva Haule 3127:Frankfurt 3101:Shooting 3059:Nuremberg 2868:, France 2824:Oberursel 2798:Karlsruhe 2762:Offenbach 2738:, Sweden 2736:Stockholm 2650:Karlsruhe 2469:Wolfsburg 2454:Eva Haule 2259:chairman 2233:Frankfurt 2220:, CEO of 2102:Mogadishu 2060:Frankfurt 2006:Oberursel 1907:Frankfurt 1721:The Times 1649:Stuttgart 1603:Moby Dick 1594:Stuttgart 1592:north of 1491:anarchist 1487:insurgent 1479:safehouse 1426:commandos 1415:metropole 1403:Tupamaros 1400:Uruguayan 1366:Kommune 1 1213:Formation 1173:Frankfurt 1094:nations. 1075:lawmakers 958:Kommune 2 851:Auschwitz 828:Bundestag 818:with pro- 786:media as 554:terrorist 507:communist 480:(German: 323:Opponents 213:Communism 10976:Timeline 10966:Category 10911:See also 10403:Izvestia 10244:Islamism 10141:Hoxhaism 10016:Rollback 9895:Abkhazia 9835:Gulf War 9739:Glasnost 9109:incident 8879:Sand War 8737:Ifni War 8246:Rio Pact 8191:Cold War 7311:Archived 7292:Archived 7224:Archived 6940:(1998). 6914:(1981). 6892:(2009). 6870:(1987). 6823:Archived 6798:Archived 6772:Archived 6750:Archived 6731:Archived 6699:Archived 6666:18 April 6660:Archived 6600:Archived 6494:26 March 6381:Archived 6336:26 March 6330:Archived 6305:Archived 6276:Archived 6187:Archived 6183:BBC News 6109:Archived 6089:23 April 6083:Archived 6051:Archived 6047:BBC News 5879:12 March 5873:Archived 5761:(2006). 5572:42421029 5506:DIE WELT 5462:Archived 5458:Die Welt 5324:59080320 5185:Archived 5141:Archived 5113:Archived 5038:Archived 5003:Archived 4981:Archived 4951:Archived 4920:Archived 4849:Archived 4828:Archived 4790:Archived 4768:Archived 4723:Archived 4709:, 2001, 4686:Archived 4661:Archived 4612:Archived 4596:Archived 4572:Archived 4551:Archived 4494:Archived 4468:Archived 4440:Politico 4415:Archived 4368:Archived 4321:society. 4260:Archived 4176:See also 4063:in 2005. 4055:'s play 3844:'s book 3771:Suspiria 3747:, while 3724:BBC Four 3700:(2001); 3619:'s 2008 3617:Uli Edel 3613:(2002). 3465:Commando 3450:Commando 3441:Commando 3435:Commando 3426:Commando 3420:Commando 3414:Commando 3408:Commando 3402:Commando 3396:Commando 3390:Commando 3384:Commando 3375:Commando 2949:Kerkrade 2919:Dortmund 2866:Mulhouse 2624:Augsburg 2605:killed, 2541:Remarks 2418:Neo-Nazi 2357:officer 2275:Treuhand 2237:car bomb 2177:Audi 100 2173:Mulhouse 2072:Landshut 2064:hijacked 1556:red star 1471:sabotage 1424:called ' 1331:and the 1199:populist 1142:New Left 1041:hegemony 1037:coercion 970:Leninism 966:Springer 876:New Left 863:— 704:Cold War 655:fraction 635:Duisburg 625:in 1977. 503:far-left 253:Far-left 205:Ideology 149: – 69:red star 11051:Germany 10989:Portals 10466:Amerika 10349:Comecon 10234:Fascism 10224:Zionism 10173:Titoism 9714:Contras 9182:Détente 8459:Comecon 7263:website 7154:– also 6804:19 July 6221:7 March 6193:22 June 6137:30 July 6115:30 July 5906:5 March 5537:25 June 5512:25 June 5044:9 April 4896:25 June 4397:11 June 4288:Sources 4280:public. 4111:English 4097:'s and 3959:at the 3097:Gauting 2893:Utrecht 2861:Cologne 2780:Giessen 2715:Captain 2704:USAREUR 2672:Hamburg 2553:Hamburg 2538:Action 2379:Reuters 2316:Masuria 2241:Siemens 2179:on Rue 2106:Somalia 2092:, then 2090:Larnaca 1773:Spiegel 1757:in the 1608:counsel 1598:aliases 1380:Agit883 1307:amnesty 1047:'. 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