984:
927:
128:
were highly ornamental, and the forms permitted became stricter and stricter until the high Middle Ages. The 11th –13th centuries saw the royal court poets (Poets of the
Princes) develop the art to a remarkable level of skill and accomplishment. After the extinction of Welsh royalty with the death of
156:
became used for any long poem composed in metres chosen from the permitted range, with end-rhyme staying constant within individual sections of the poem. Among those known to have used the form in the early 17th century was
264:
96:. By the nineteenth century however it came to its modern definition as a long poem using at least two of the twenty-four recognised "official" strict forms (without the single end-rhyme).
271:
187:
could run to thousands of lines, it is unusual to find such extensive pieces these days; the
National Eisteddfod limits competitors to a few hundred lines.
133:
in 1282, standardisation and codification of the rules of professional poetry led to recognition of 24 strict metres, each of which must use
107:
judged worthiest; this competition is the most famous and prestigious in the
Eisteddfod, and perceived to be the most difficult.
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48:
could be a relatively short poem unified by its use of a single end-rhyme (the word is related to
169:
Such poems are judged to be among the finest work a poet can aim to produce. Prizes are given at
92:
198:, marking the death in 1282 of Llywelyn ap Gruffudd. Well known 20th-century examples include
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1074:
954:
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676:
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451:
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8:
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100:
216:, which won the Eisteddfod chair in 1917 shortly after the death of its author in the
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776:
615:
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711:
691:
589:
442:
200:
74:
846:
836:
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594:
521:
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381:
217:
995:
938:
249:
205:
34:
20:
999:
942:
124:, which are short, three or four-line stanzas. Since the recorded beginnings,
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356:
896:
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135:
53:
40:
876:
851:
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371:
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61:
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791:
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366:
336:
213:
69:
906:
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841:
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331:
65:
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991:
861:
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346:
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149:metres were included within the 24, and the term
118:in the early period are to be distinguished from
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279:
183:, held each year in August. While 19th-century
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962:
265:
179:, the most lauded being that of chair at the
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969:
955:
272:
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38:) is a long poem in strict metre (i.e.
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253:
33:
978:
921:
103:the bardic chair is awarded for the
72:as found in collections such as the
13:
14:
1086:
982:
925:
702:Cantigas de escárnio e maldizer
600:Cantigas de escárnio e maldizer
229:
1:
223:
190:Perhaps the best known early
1065:Western medieval lyric forms
998:. You can help Knowledge by
941:. You can help Knowledge by
280:Western medieval lyric forms
181:National Eisteddfod of Wales
7:
194:is an apocalyptic elegy by
164:
10:
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920:
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1055:Medieval Welsh literature
1050:Welsh-language literature
649:
624:
608:
582:
561:
530:
494:
435:
292:
285:
196:Gruffudd ab yr Ynad Coch
87:Hendregadredd Manuscript
81:Black Book of Carmarthen
60:are associated with the
93:The Red Book of Hergest
994:-related article is a
937:-related article is a
237:"Yr Arwr - Wicidestun"
143:metres as well as the
139:. By this period, the
650:By alphabetical order
286:By regional tradition
131:Llywelyn ap Gruffudd
583:Galician-Portuguese
159:Dafydd Llwyd Mathau
101:National Eisteddfod
52:, "rhyme"), using
44:). Originally, an
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1006:
950:
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915:
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807:Petrarchan sonnet
645:
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517:Petrarchan sonnet
241:cy.wikisource.org
99:Each year at the
35:[ˈau̯dl̩]
16:Welsh poetic form
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712:Chanson de toile
692:Cantiga de amigo
590:Cantiga de amigo
443:Chanson de toile
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75:Book of Taliesin
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847:Sicilian octave
697:Cantiga de amor
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522:Sicilian octave
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206:T. Gwynn Jones
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782:Maldit-comiat
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717:Cobla esparsa
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362:Maldit-comiat
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322:Cobla esparsa
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302:Alba (poetry)
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175:for the best
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56:; such early
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43:
42:
36:
28:
27:
22:
1070:Poetry stubs
1045:Welsh poetry
1000:expanding it
989:
943:expanding it
932:
917:
837:Salut d'amor
752:Formes fixes
671:
537:
448:Formes fixes
382:Salut d'amor
240:
231:
209:
199:
191:
189:
184:
176:
172:eisteddfodau
170:
168:
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45:
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25:
24:
18:
1075:Wales stubs
887:Trobar clus
802:Pastourelle
762:Grand chant
707:Cerdd dafod
543:Cerdd dafod
512:Ottava rima
471:Pastourelle
466:Grand chant
412:Trobar clus
154:simpliciter
23:poetry, an
1060:Eisteddfod
1039:Categories
897:Trobar ric
892:Trobar leu
872:Torneyamen
742:Ensenhamen
422:Trobar ric
417:Trobar leu
402:Torneyamen
342:Ensenhamen
224:References
136:cynghanedd
54:cynghanedd
41:cynghanedd
31:pronounced
877:Traethodl
852:Sirventes
797:Pastorela
662:Arlabecca
553:Traethodl
392:Sirventes
372:Pastorela
307:Arlabecca
161:in 1611.
121:Englynion
62:Cynfeirdd
857:Tagelied
832:Rondelet
817:Reverdie
792:Partimen
777:Madrigal
767:Kyrielle
737:Devinalh
632:Kyrielle
616:Madrigal
574:Tagelied
486:Rondelet
476:Reverdie
367:Partimen
357:Lo Boièr
337:Devinalh
214:Hedd Wyn
165:Prestige
70:Taliesin
64:such as
907:Virelai
902:Viadera
882:Triolet
867:Tornada
842:Sestina
822:Rondeau
732:Descort
682:Ballata
677:Ballade
637:Triolet
609:English
502:Ballata
495:Italian
460:Virelai
456:Rondeau
452:Ballade
427:Viadera
407:Tornada
387:Sestina
332:Descort
294:Occitan
210:Yr Arwr
111:History
66:Aneirin
935:poetry
827:Rondel
787:Octave
722:Cywydd
667:Aubade
625:others
562:German
548:Cywydd
507:Octave
481:Rondel
436:French
312:Aubade
208:, and
185:awdlau
146:cywydd
141:englyn
126:awdlau
116:Awdlau
84:, the
78:, the
58:awdlau
992:Wales
990:This
933:This
862:Tenso
812:Planh
772:Leise
747:Enuig
727:Dansa
687:Canso
569:Leise
531:Welsh
397:Tenso
377:Planh
347:Enuig
327:Dansa
317:Canso
212:, by
21:Welsh
996:stub
939:stub
672:Awdl
657:Alba
538:Awdl
192:awdl
177:awdl
151:awdl
105:awdl
68:and
46:awdl
26:awdl
757:Gab
352:Gab
204:by
90:or
50:odl
19:In
1041::
458:,
454:,
239:.
220:.
1027:e
1020:t
1013:v
1002:.
970:e
963:t
956:v
945:.
462:)
450:(
273:e
266:t
259:v
243:.
29:(
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