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284:(Union of Participants in the Estonian War of Independence), being appointed deputy chairman of the latter group at its inaugural general meeting on 10 October 1926. Both of these groups had little ambition beyond being ex-servicemen's associations however Sirk desired a more centralised structure and to this end he established the
325:, Sirk and other leading Vaps figures had been preparing to launch a coup although in this instance there was little evidence that the allegations were true. Nonetheless, Sirk was one of a number of Vaps leaders arrested by the Päts regime but he escaped from prison and fled to
336:. Plans for an armed rebellion against Päts were put in place but these were discovered in December 1935 by the state security police with the main ringleaders arrested. Sirk however was not amongst those arrested as he was able to escape again and this time settled in
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it was Sirk who drafted its statutes, including an enshrined duty of leadership of the country's youth for the movement, and he also secured a seat on the eight member executive chosen at the first Vaps national congress on 26 January 1930 in
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movements growing elsewhere in Europe and Sirk, who was talented orator and charismatic demagogue, was soon recognised as the movement's driving force. The group came close to power in 1933 before being banned by
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380:
were in attendance. August Jääger, an
Estonian nationalist in attendance, blamed Sirk's death on the Estonian government, helping to begin the historical debate over the death.
360:
in circumstances that have remained suspicious for some commentators to this day. Estonian historians including Pusta and
Tomingas have argued that the death was an act of
332:
Between 1934 and 1935 he directed Vaps activity from his
Finnish base and even became involved in a conspiracy to overthrow the Estonian government with his allies in the
480:
671:
676:
260:
where he was allowed to complete his studies. Leaving the army in 1926 he went to work in the legal firm of
Theodor Rõuk, who had briefly served as
265:
241:, Sirk came from a humble background, being a farmer's son. As a student he was amongst the first to volunteer to fight against the mobilising
661:
304:
Sirk's speech at their 1932 conference gave the impetus for a change in direction as he called for a party that could take advantage of
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political and military figure. A veteran of the country's struggle for independence, Sirk later became a leading figure within the
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in 1924. Sirk was soon involved in politics too, initially with the
Settlers' Party, a vaguely rightist group led by
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by agents of Päts, although local police in
Luxembourg stated that it was a suicide. Sirk's funeral was held in
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312:. Vaps adopted an increasingly paramilitary style that mirrored many of the characteristics of the
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280:(Estonian Demobilised Soldiers League) upon its formation in 1921 and its successor movement,
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120 years since the birth of Artur Sirk. Commemorative stamp. Estonia. Oma Mark 2020.
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as it became known, in 1929. Whilst the chairman of the new group was
General
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Estonian military personnel of the
Estonian War of Independence
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30:
481:
Biographical
Dictionary of the Extreme Right Since 1890
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Following the war Sirk was demobilised and went to the
268:, whom Sirk knew from both his school and army days.
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the following year. The government had claimed that
608:
495:The Baltic States: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania
356:Sirk died after a fall from a hotel window in
256:to study law before in 1923 enlisting in the
229:and an outspoken opponent of the government.
672:Recipients of the Cross of Liberty (Estonia)
218:(25 September 1900 – 2 August 1937) was an
510:, Lanham MD: Scarecrow Press, 2004, p. 305
368:on 9 October. The eulogy was delivered by
29:
405:, London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2000, p. 26
372:whilst hundreds of members of Simojoki's
677:Estonian politicians who died by suicide
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278:Eesti Demobiliseeritud Sõjaväelaste Liit
397:
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609:
471:
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586:The Radical Right in Interwar Estonia
534:The Radical Right in Interwar Estonia
455:The Radical Right in Interwar Estonia
442:The Radical Right in Interwar Estonia
429:The Radical Right in Interwar Estonia
416:The Radical Right in Interwar Estonia
403:The Radical Right in Interwar Estonia
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662:Estonian expatriates in Luxembourg
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693:
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262:Estonian Minister of the Interior
508:Historical Dictionary of Estonia
497:, London: Routledge, 2002, p. 18
271:
602:About A. Sirk and Vaps Movement
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565:
552:
539:
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286:Eesti Vabadussõjalaste Keskliit
682:Burials at Hietaniemi Cemetery
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652:20th-century Estonian lawyers
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647:Members of the Vaps Movement
247:Estonian War of Independence
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282:Eesti Vabadussõjalaste Liit
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698:
657:University of Tartu alumni
562:, Geislingen, 1964, vol. 1
308:to ensure the transfer to
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637:People from Kreis Jerwen
378:Academic Karelia Society
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632:People from Tapa Parish
376:youth movement and the
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67:Governorate of Estonia
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57:, Lehtse Parish (now
573:Vaikiv ajastu Eestis
306:citizen's initiative
201:Hilda Sirk (Arnover)
493:David James Smith,
254:University of Tartu
183:Politician, soldier
115:Hietaniemi cemetery
100:Cause of death
642:Estonian Lutherans
354:
237:A native of rural
103:Fall from a window
51:September 25, 1900
35:Artur Sirk in 1933
547:The Baltic States
521:The Baltic States
401:Andres Kasekamp,
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575:, New York, 1961
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310:authoritarianism
166:Tartu University
149:Tartu University
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319:Konstantin Päts
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188:Political party
162:Alma mater
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16:Estonian lawyer
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596:External links
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560:Saadiku päevik
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506:Toivo Miljan,
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370:Elias Simojoki
362:defenestration
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334:Lapua Movement
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85:(aged 36)
81:August 2, 1937
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71:Russian Empire
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571:W. Tomingas,
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290:Vaps Movement
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272:Vaps Movement
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258:Estonian Army
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108:Resting place
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323:Andres Larka
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294:Ernst Põdder
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276:Sirk joined
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266:Ilmar Raamot
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215:
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83:(1937-08-02)
63:Kreis Jerwen
627:1937 deaths
617:1900 births
549:, pp. 20–21
476:Philip Rees
457:, pp. 24–25
233:Early years
131:Citizenship
121:Nationality
59:Tapa Parish
611:Categories
584:Kasekamp,
558:K. Pusta,
532:Kasekamp,
453:Kasekamp,
440:Kasekamp,
427:Kasekamp,
414:Kasekamp,
384:References
374:Sinimustat
358:Echternach
338:Luxembourg
224:right-wing
216:Artur Sirk
209:Viivu Sirk
172:Occupation
93:Luxembourg
89:Echternach
47:1900-09-25
23:Artur Sirk
155:cum laude
145:Education
588:, p. 118
484:, p. 361
366:Helsinki
243:Red Army
239:Järvamaa
220:Estonian
206:Children
139:Estonian
125:Estonian
112:Helsinki
545:Smith,
523:, p. 20
519:Smith,
444:, p. 24
431:, p. 55
418:, p. 10
327:Finland
314:fascist
299:Tallinn
245:in the
152:Justice
135:Russian
536:, p. 2
198:Spouse
175:Lawyer
55:Pruuna
344:Death
288:, or
157:1926
78:Died
41:Born
61:),
613::
478:,
462:^
392:^
340:.
329:.
301:.
249:.
137:,
91:,
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49:)
45:(
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