1298:, a village approximately 20 kilometres (12 mi) north of Arad, on the afternoon of 21 September 1944. Soviet forces were already in the village, and Phleps and his men were captured and brought in for interrogation. When the building in which they were held was attacked by German aircraft later that afternoon, the prisoners tried to escape and were shot by their guards. Bergel suspects that Phleps had been set up by Hungarian army officers who had found out that he knew of plans for Hungary to switch sides as Romania had done shortly before. Phleps' personal effects, including his identity card, tags and decorations, were found by a Hungarian patrol and handed over to German authorities on 29 September 1944. Phleps had been listed as missing in action since 22 September 1944 when he did not show up for his meeting with Himmler, who had issued a warrant for his arrest.
175:
1202:, about 40 men, women, and children gathered in a "church". The division claimed that "bandits" in the village had opened fire, but the police could not discover any traces of combat. Such incidents, which jeopardized the plan to raise a Muslim SS division, led to a dispute between Kammerhofer and Phleps' successor Oberkamp. Himmler ordered Phleps to intervene, and he reported on 7 September 1943 that he could not discover anything wrong with the shootings in Kosutica and that Kammerhofer and Oberkamp had resolved their dispute. The war crimes committed by the 7th SS Division became the subject of international controversy when Waldheim's service in the Balkans became public in the mid-1980s, during his successful bid for the
1349:
of ages ranging from 6 months to 14 years, were executed on this occasion in the horrible manner narrated above. The villages were burnt down and razed to the ground. ... For all of these most serious War Crimes those responsible besides the actual culpritsâthe members of the SS Division Prinz Eugenâare all superior and all subordinate commanders as the persons issuing and transmitting the orders for murder and devastation. Among others the following war criminals are known: SS Gruppenfuehrer and
Lieutenant General of the Waffen-SS Phleps; Divisional Commander, Major General of the Waffen-SS Karl von Oberkamp; Commander of the 13th Regiment, later Divisional Commander, Major General Gerhard Schmidhuber...
119:
487:
148:
1058:
188:
33:
201:
3117:
133:
3027:
3129:
731:, subsequently invading Phleps' homeland of SiebenbĂŒrgen. On 27 August, Phleps became the chief of staff of the 72nd Infantry Division, which was involved in Austro-Hungarian operations to repel the Romanian invasion. He remained in this theatre of operations for the next two years, ultimately serving as the chief quartermaster of the German
838:(major general) despite his reported disdain for the corruption, intrigue and hypocrisy of the royal court. After criticising the government's policy and publicly calling King Carol a liar when another general tried to twist his words, he was transferred to the reserves in 1940 and finally dismissed from service at his own request in 1941.
1191:
distinctive reputation for cruelty. These charges have been denied by Kumm, among others. Still, the divisional orders routinely called for the annihilation of hostile civilian population and Waffen-SS documents show that these orders were regularly put into practice. For example, Himmler's police representative in the NDH,
1348:
committed crimes of an outrageous cruelty on this occasion. The victims were shot, slaughtered and tortured, or burnt to death in burning houses. ... It has been established from the investigations entered upon that 121 persons, mostly women, and including 30 persons aged 60â92 years and 29 children
1242:
coastline and islands, V SS Mountain Corps forced the mass evacuation of male civilians between the ages of 17 and 50 from that area. Phleps was criticised by both NDH and German authorities for the harshness with which the evacuation was carried out. During the first six months of 1944, elements of
1179:
for toning down his language, saying "Listen
Waldheim, I know some Italian and you are not translating what I am telling this so-and-so". On another occasion, he threatened to shoot Italian sentries who were delaying his passage through a checkpoint. On 15 May 1943, Phleps handed over command of the
1137:
killing, according to Kumm, 250 Partisans and capturing over 500. The historian Thomas
Casagrande notes that all German units fighting partisans routinely counted the civilians they had murdered as partisans. Therefore, it can be assumed that the reported number of inflicted casualties included many
1233:
Due to the unreliable nature of the troops loyal to the NDH government, Phleps utilised
Chetnik forces as auxiliaries, stating to a visiting officer that he could not disarm the Chetniks unless the NDH government provided him with the same strength in reliable troops. In January 1944, due to fears
1190:
While under Phleps' command, the division committed many crimes against the civilian population of the NDH, especially during Case White and Case Black. These included "burning villages, massacre of inhabitants, torture and murder of captured partisans", thence the division thereby developed a
1353:
The post-war
Nuremberg trials made the declaratory judgement that the Waffen-SS was a criminal organisation due to its major involvement in war crimes and crimes against humanity, including the killing of prisoners-of-war and atrocities committed in occupied countries.
1054:, the division continued its training. Some artillery batteries, the anti-aircraft battalion, the motorcycle battalion and cavalry squadron continued to form in the Banat. During his time with the 7th SS Division, Phleps was referred to as "Papa Phleps" by his troops.
823:
in 1926, which became the standard work on logistics for the
Romanian Army. Ironically, after the book was published, Phleps failed his first general's examination on the topic of logistics. He commanded various Romanian units, including the 1st Brigade of the
1230:(ball lightning) and "Schneesturm" (blizzard), which were part of a major offensive in eastern Bosnia in December 1943, but they were only a limited success. Phleps had met personally with Hitler to discuss the planning for Operation "Kugelblitz".
1159:
In May 1943, Phleps became frustrated by the failure of his
Italian allies to cooperate with German operations, which was demonstrated in his reputation for forthright speech. During a meeting with his Italian counterpart in
1244:
2725:
Die
RitterkreuztrĂ€ger 1939â1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbĂŒndeter StreitkrĂ€fte nach den Unterlagen des
2730:
The Knight's Cross
Bearers 1939â1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal
1343:
At the end of May 1943 the division came to
Montenegro to the area of Niksic in order to take part in the fifth enemy offensive in conjunction with the Italian troops. ... The officers and men of the SS division
3194:
2750:
Die Generale der Waffen-SS und der Polizei : : die militĂ€rischen WerdegĂ€nge der Generale, sowie der Ărzte, VeterinĂ€re, Intendanten, Richter und Ministerialbeamten im Generalsrang / 3 Lammerding â
362:, the Waffen-SS – of which Phleps was a senior officer – was declared to be a criminal organisation due to its major involvement in war crimes and crimes against humanity. An
1097:. The operation ended with little success, since the Chetniks had forewarning of the operation and were able to avoid contact. After a quiet winter, in January 1943 Phleps deployed the division to the
3224:
1517:
Phleps was married; his wife's name was Grete and in addition to their son Reinhart, they had a daughter, Irmingard. One of Phleps' brothers became a doctor, and the other was a professor at the
526:. He was the third son of a surgeon, Dr. Gustav Phleps and Sophie (nĂ©e Stolz), the daughter of a peasant. Both families had lived in SiebenbĂŒrgen for centuries. After finishing the Lutheran
1142:
for his role in organising the 7th SS Division, it was for the achievements of his division during Case Black that Phleps received the award. Phleps was also portrayed in the SS-magazine
1073:
Macholz and Phleps (with briefcase) at Podgorica airfield in Montenegro during Case Black, 22 May 1943. This photograph caused much controversy when it was published while Waldheim was
1294:, after receiving reports of Soviet advances in that area. Accompanied only by his adjutant and his driver, and unaware of the presence of Red Army units in the vicinity, he entered
1339:
on 6 August 1946, a document from the Yugoslav State Commission for Crimes of Occupiers and their Collaborators regarding the crimes of the 7th SS Division was quoted as follows:
1106:
429:
3199:
3189:
3164:
674:
army. The Second Army continued to fight the Russians in and around the Carpathians through the winter of 1914â1915. In 1915 Phleps was again transferred, this time to
3249:
2440:
3169:
2953:
Eyre, Wayne Lt.Col. (Canadian Army) (2006). "Operation Rösselsprung and the Elimination of Tito, May 25, 1944: A Failure in Planning and Intelligence Support".
3244:
3264:
3219:
2564:
Skull and Edelweiss :General Artur Phleps and the Southeastern European Mountain Units of the Waffen-SS in the Partisan Struggle in the Balkans 1942â1945
1481:
475:
296:
1290:
which deposed Antonescu, while en route to a meeting with Himmler in Berlin, Phleps and his entourage made a detour to reconnoitre the situation near
3254:
2560:
Totenkopf und Edelweiss: General Artur Phleps und die sĂŒdosteuropĂ€ischen GebirgsverbĂ€nde der Waffen-SS im Partisanenkampf auf dem Balkan 1942â1945
1113:
in the NDH in addition to his duties commanding the 7th SS Division. In his strongly apologetic history of the division which he later commanded,
2516:
The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939â1945 â The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches
2512:
Die TrĂ€ger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939â1945 â Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile
3054:
422:
252:
1125:, killed over 2,000 Partisans and captured nearly 400 during Case White. After a short rest and refit in April, the division was committed to
3234:
1035:
894:
445:
1327:
Phleps was accused by the Yugoslav authorities of war crimes in association with the atrocities committed by 7th SS Division in the area of
3184:
986:(senior colonel). In July 1941 he was awarded the 1939 clasp to his Iron Cross (1914) 2nd Class and then the Iron Cross (1939) 1st Class.
3259:
3209:
2410:
WĂŒrfelspiele des Lebens: vier PortrĂ€ts bedeutender SiebenbĂŒrger: Conrad Haas, Johann Martin Honigberger, Paul Richter, Artur Phleps
1393:
1015:(ethnic Germans) of Yugoslavia. In the meantime, Phleps reverted to his birth name from his mother's maiden name. Two weeks later,
3174:
777:
formed of the German-speaking people of SiebenbĂŒrgen. In this role he opposed the Hungarian communist revolutionary government of
3159:
2414:
The Dice of Life: Four portraits of Important Transylvanians, Conrad Haas, Johann Martin Honigberger, Paul Richter, Artur Phleps
3204:
2955:
1387:
1368:
1308:(first lieutenant) Dr.med. Reinhart Phleps, a battalion doctor serving in the 7th SS Division. Soon after his death, the 13th
2935:
2914:
2895:
2876:
2855:
2831:
2808:
2785:
2762:
2738:
2713:
2687:
2664:
2641:
2616:
2597:
2571:
2545:
2523:
2490:
2462:
2421:
1138:
civilians. The division played a decisive role during the fighting. Although Himmler had already planned to award Phleps the
1301:
Phleps was posthumously awarded the Oak Leaves to his Knight's Cross on 24 November 1944, which was presented to his son,
3229:
2995:
1214:
The formations under the command of V SS Mountain Corps varied during Phlep's command. In July 1944, it consisted of the
1139:
1074:
804:
467:
1222:
in addition to the 7th SS and 13th SS divisions. Throughout Phlep's command, the corps was under the overall control of
1442:
1219:
976:
1522:
3179:
1403:
1134:
449:
799:(colonel). He commanded the 84th Infantry Regiment, then joined the general army headquarters and started teaching
680:
663:
3239:
2478:
Die volksdeutsche SS-Division "Prinz Eugen": Die Banater Schwaben und die nationalsozialistischen Kriegsverbrechen
1248:
1287:
3214:
3070:
1226:
and conducted anti-Partisan operations throughout the NDH and Montenegro. These operations included Operations
1034:
region in October 1942, the two regiments and supporting arms were deployed into the southwestern part of the
1019:
Phleps was selected to organise the new division. On 1 March 1942, the division was officially designated the
712:
of the 10th Army, responsible for organising the supply of the troops fighting the Italians in the mountains.
3031:
1449:
929:
415:
239:
869:
offering his services to the Third Reich. He subsequently asked for permission to leave Romania to join the
2445:
1416:
1098:
441:
411:
3269:
1435:
1429:
858:(ethnic Germans in Romania), Andreas Schmidt, Phleps had written to the key Waffen-SS recruiting officer
750:
651:
793:. The trial concluded that he had saved the Romanian forces through his actions, and he was promoted to
3107:
2801:
The Knight's Cross Bearers of the German Wehrmacht 1939â1945 Part VI: The Mountain Troops Volume 2: LâZ
2589:
2507:
2483:
The volksdeutsche SS-Division "Prinz Eugen": The Banater Swabians and the National Socialist War Crimes
2435:
782:
571:
277:
947:
in late June 1941, Phleps took over command of that regiment. He distinguished himself in fighting at
400:. After he spoke out against the government he was sidelined and asked to be dismissed from the army.
701:
1545:
732:
1243:
the V SS Mountain Corps were involved in Operation "Waldrausch" (Forest Fever) in central Bosnia,
2533:
1105:. Between 13 February and 9 March 1943 he was responsible for the initial aspects of raising the
765:, and Phleps returned to his homeland, which had become part of the Kingdom of Romania under the
619:
511:
2755:
Germany's Generals and Admirals â Part V: The Generals of the Waffen-SS and the Police 1933â1945
1215:
1468:
1235:
1198:, reported on 15 July 1943 that units of the 7th SS Division had shot the Muslim population of
1195:
826:
739:
2nd Class, on 27 January 1917. In 1918 he returned to the mountains when he was transferred to
720:
2797:
Die RitterkreuztrĂ€ger der Deutschen Wehrmacht 1939â1945 Teil VI: Die Gebirgstruppe Band 2: LâZ
2555:
1410:
1267:
1031:
935:, where he commanded Dutch, Flemish, Danish, Norwegian, Swedish and Finnish volunteers. When
762:
457:
363:
180:
1090:
3154:
3149:
2472:
1498:
1227:
1203:
999:
770:
685:
659:
523:
193:
1199:
346:
227:
8:
3086:
1153:
831:
578:. He completed his studies in two years, and was endorsed as suitable for service in the
437:
397:
259:
915:
406:
2976:
1502:
1144:
1082:
1039:
972:
893:
instead, enlisting under his mother's maiden name of Stolz. According to the historian
800:
724:
667:
533:
519:
440:. Units under his command committed many crimes against the civilian population of the
337:
138:
103:
1304:
936:
921:
2980:
2931:
2910:
2891:
2872:
2851:
2827:
2804:
2781:
2758:
2734:
2709:
2702:
2683:
2660:
2637:
2612:
2593:
2567:
2541:
2519:
2486:
2458:
2417:
1184:
1122:
766:
2774:
588:(first lieutenant) he was transferred to the staff of the 13th Infantry Regiment at
3133:
2968:
1557:
According to Scherzer as commander of SS-Volunteer-Mountain-Division "Prinz Eugen".
1336:
1165:
1062:
1030:(major general) on 20 April 1942. After recruitment, formation and training in the
925:
693:
647:
579:
371:
359:
1051:
1026:
861:
2925:
2866:
2845:
2841:
2652:
2476:
1263:
1252:
1223:
1057:
716:
623:
575:
552:
385:
333:
124:
79:
789:
river against Kun's forces, Phleps disobeyed direct orders and was subsequently
555:
3121:
2431:
2405:
1004:
952:
899:
866:
745:
728:
671:
380:
3003:
2972:
3143:
2697:
1291:
1176:
1066:
886:
812:
790:
709:
462:
389:
200:
75:
1148:. He received the Knight's Cross in July 1943, while being also promoted to
982:
877:
486:
2634:
German War Crimes 1941â1945, the judgements of the Yugoslav Military Courts
1259:
1008:
967:
830:(mountain ranger troops), while serving also as a military advisor to King
658:. This Army was soon withdrawn from the Serbian front and deployed via the
615:
584:
507:
491:
471:
453:
355:
341:
283:
153:
32:
2704:
Betrayal: The Untold Story of the Kurt Waldheim Investigation and Cover-Up
2868:
War and Revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941â1945: Occupation and Collaboration
1328:
957:
639:
627:
367:
272:
99:
2657:
Scraping the Barrel: The Military Use of Sub-Standard Manpower 1860â1960
778:
410:(colonel) under his mother's maiden name of Stolz. Seeing action on the
1421:
Officers cross with swords on ribbon of military merit on 12 March 1920
1332:
1313:
1126:
1102:
948:
736:
655:
537:
528:
2609:
Himmler's Bosnian Division: The Waffen-SS Handschar Division 1943â1945
2964:
2629:
NemaÄki Ratni ZloÄini 1941â1945, presude jugoslovenskih vojnih sudova
2586:
Prinz Eugen: The History of the 7. SS-Mountain Division "Prinz Eugen"
2581:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1161:
1114:
962:
890:
871:
808:
689:
642:, Phleps was serving with the staff of the 32nd Infantry Division in
602:
375:
351:
205:
2538:
Ein General im Zwielicht: K.u.k. Generalstabsoffizier und Historiker
1518:
1295:
1251:(Knight's Move), the attempt to capture or kill the Partisan leader
1011:
had authorised the raising of a seventh Waffen-SS division from the
816:
567:
95:
2927:
German Minorities in Europe: Ethnic Identity and Cultural Belonging
2682:] (in German). Norderstedt, Germany: Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall.
2263:
1275:
1239:
1094:
1043:
882:
643:
611:
593:
546:
541:
3195:
Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves
2627:
1599:
1266:
general of German occupation troops in South Transylvania and the
1118:
1047:
466:(ethnic Germans) of SiebenbĂŒrgen to the Reich. In addition to the
2047:
1086:
989:
774:
705:
515:
499:
71:
3225:
German prisoners of war in World War II held by the Soviet Union
2316:
2314:
2312:
2310:
1164:, Montenegro, Phleps called the Italian corps commander General
606:(captain) in 1911, along with a position on the staff of the XV
474:, and after he was killed in September 1944, he was awarded the
452:. His final appointment was as plenipotentiary general in south
3026:
2326:
2308:
2306:
2304:
2302:
2300:
2298:
2296:
2294:
2292:
2290:
1130:
795:
589:
2653:"The Ethnic Germans of the Waffen-SS in Combat: Dregs or Gems"
2338:
2119:
1773:
2733:] (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Militaer-Verlag.
2107:
2059:
2035:
1960:
1802:
1800:
786:
607:
503:
332:(29 November 1881 – 21 September 1944) was an
2287:
1950:
1948:
749:(lieutenant colonel) and chief quartermaster for the entire
2676:
Das Deutsche Kreuz 1941â1945 Geschichte und Inhaber Band II
1627:
1625:
1623:
1497:, commanding general of the V SS Mountain Corps and higher
1378:
in Bronze with war decoration and swords on 13 October 1914
944:
875:, and this was approved by the recently installed Romanian
773:
and was appointed commander of the Saxon National Guard, a
597:
570:(in modern-day Hungary), and in 1905 was accepted into the
490:
Phleps' birthplace of BirthĂ€lm in SiebenbĂŒrgen (modern-day
2680:
The German Cross 1941â1945 History and Recipients Volume 2
2377:
2355:
2353:
2227:
2215:
2191:
1797:
2871:. Vol. 2. San Francisco: Stanford University Press.
2850:. Vol. 1. San Francisco: Stanford University Press.
2847:
War and Revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941â1945: The Chetniks
2239:
2203:
2095:
2071:
2023:
1945:
1587:
1406:
3rd Class with war decoration and swords on 24 April 1917
1362:
Phleps received the following awards during his service:
2659:. New York: Fordham University Press. pp. 225â253.
2365:
2275:
1989:
1987:
1909:
1875:
1873:
1751:
1749:
1620:
1462:
Clasp to the Iron Cross (1939) 2nd Class on 10 July 1941
1129:
in May and June 1943, during which it advanced from the
854:
In November 1940, with the support of the leader of the
544:) in 1900, and on 1 November 1901 was commissioned as a
2994:
2350:
2269:
2143:
1848:
1846:
1736:
1734:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1575:
1493:
670th Oak Leaves on 24 November 1944 (posthumously) as
1399:
Prussian Iron Cross (1914) 2nd Class on 27 January 1917
1390:
3rd Class with war decoration and swords on 3 July 1915
646:. His division was involved in the early stages of the
403:
In 1941 he left Romania and joined the Waffen-SS as an
384:(lieutenant colonel) by the end of the war. During the
2826:] (in German). OsnabrĂŒck, Germany: Biblio-Verlag.
2803:] (in German). OsnabrĂŒck, Germany: Biblio-Verlag.
2518:] (in German). Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas.
1897:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1046:, with its two mountain infantry regiments centred on
518:). At the time, SiebenbĂŒrgen was densely populated by
3200:
Academic staff of Carol I National Defence University
3105:
2485:] (in German). Frankfurt am Main: Campus Verlag.
2251:
2179:
2167:
2083:
1999:
1984:
1933:
1921:
1885:
1870:
1858:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1746:
1642:
1640:
3190:
Recipients of the clasp to the Iron Cross, 2nd class
2532:
2155:
2131:
1972:
1843:
1831:
1785:
1761:
1731:
1719:
1696:
1614:
1274:
of North Transylvania ahead of the advancing Soviet
2776:
The Waffen SS: Hitler's Elite Guard at War, 1939â45
1686:
1684:
1682:
1652:
1335:during Case Black, while under his command. At the
1152:(lieutenant general), and placed in command of the
670:), to defend against a successful offensive by the
3165:Austro-Hungarian military personnel of World War I
2773:
2701:
2011:
1812:
1637:
460:, during which he organised the evacuation of the
3250:Grand Crosses of the Order of the Crown (Romania)
3141:
2673:
2332:
1679:
1482:Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves
1396:2nd Class with war decoration on 23 October 1915
1075:running for the Austrian presidency in 1985â1986
297:Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves
2696:
2441:Ăsterreichisches Biographisches Lexikon ab 1815
2053:
1488:SS-BrigadefĂŒhrer und Generalmajor der Waffen SS
1182:SS-BrigadefĂŒhrer und Generalmajor der Waffen SS
1027:GruppenfĂŒhrer und Generalleutnant der Waffen SS
1017:SS-BrigadefĂŒhrer und Generalmajor der Waffen SS
846:
821:Logistics: Basics of Organisation and Execution
396:(major general), and also became an adviser to
3170:Commanders of the Order of the Star of Romania
2824:The Oak Leaves Bearers 1939â1945 Volume 2: LâZ
2452:
1966:
1495:SS-ObergruppenfĂŒhrer und General der Waffen-SS
1476:SS-ObergruppenfĂŒhrer und General der Waffen-SS
1413:with war decoration and swords on 23 July 1918
1381:in Silver with war decoration on 15 March 1916
1312:Regiment of the 7th SS Division was given the
1081:In early October 1942, the division commenced
347:SS-ObergruppenfĂŒhrer und General der Waffen-SS
228:SS-ObergruppenfĂŒhrer und General der Waffen-SS
3245:Recipients of the Order of the Yugoslav Crown
2909:. Oxford, United Kingdom: Osprey Publishing.
2794:
2611:. Atglen, Philadelphia: Schiffer Publishing.
2416:] (in German). Munich: H. Meschendörfer.
2320:
1193:SS-BrigadefĂŒhrer und Generalmajor der Polizei
650:, during which Phleps was transferred to the
3265:Officers of the Order of the Star of Romania
2436:"Phleps (Stolz), Artur (1881â1944), General"
1322:
862:BrigadefĂŒhrer und Generalmajor der Waffen SS
562:In 1903, Phleps was transferred to the 11th
2747:
2674:Patzwall, Klaus D.; Scherzer, Veit (2001).
2554:
2383:
2245:
2233:
2221:
2197:
2125:
1806:
1779:
1631:
1150:ObergruppenfĂŒhrer und General der Waffen-SS
532:school in Hermannstadt, Phleps entered the
3220:German people who died in Soviet detention
2885:
2864:
2840:
2820:Die EichenlaubtrĂ€ger 1939â1945 Band 2: LâZ
2506:
2471:
2371:
2344:
2209:
2113:
2101:
2077:
2065:
2041:
1954:
1915:
1490:and commander of SS-Division "Prinz Eugen"
761:After the war the Austro-Hungarian Empire
700:became the basis for the formation of the
31:
2636:]. Belgrade: Muzej ĆŸrtava genocida .
2540:(in German). Vienna: Böhlau Verlag Wien.
2453:Bishop, Chris; Williams, Michael (2003).
1546:[ËaÉÌŻtuËÉÌŻËÉĄuËstafËmaÉÌŻtinËflÉps]
1117:claims that the 7th SS Division captured
834:in the 1930s. Phleps reached the rank of
715:On 1 August 1916, Phleps was promoted to
144:
129:
3255:Recipients of the Czechoslovak War Cross
2722:
2359:
1474:German Cross in Gold on 20 June 1944 as
1394:Decoration for Services to the Red Cross
1262:in Gold. In September, he was appointed
1258:On 20 June 1944, Phleps was awarded the
1107:13th Waffen Mountain Division of the SS
1056:
708:. Phleps subsequently became the deputy
550:(lieutenant) in the 3rd Regiment of the
485:
430:13th Waffen Mountain Division of the SS
2996:"Nuremberg Trial Proceedings Volume 20"
2904:
2795:Thomas, Franz; Wegmann, GĂŒnter (1994).
2748:Schulz, Andreas; Zinke, Dieter (2008).
2625:
2257:
1593:
1581:
596:, then to the 6th Infantry Division in
3142:
2956:The Journal of Slavic Military Studies
2817:
2650:
2566:] (in German). Graz: Ares Verlag.
2430:
2404:
2185:
2173:
2161:
2089:
2005:
1993:
1879:
1837:
1791:
1767:
1755:
1725:
1713:
1673:
1288:Romanian coup d'Ă©tat of 23 August 1944
1281:
1209:
1168:a "lazy macaroni". Phleps scolded his
1021:SS-Freiwilligen-Division "Prinz Eugen"
904:, Phleps joined the Waffen-SS because
600:. This was followed by a promotion to
2923:
2890:. St. Paul, Minnesota: Zenith Press.
2888:The SS: Hitler's Instrument of Terror
2771:
2606:
2281:
2137:
2029:
1978:
1903:
1852:
1544:
3235:Waffen-SS personnel killed in action
2952:
2580:
2149:
2017:
1939:
1927:
1891:
1864:
1825:
1740:
1690:
1646:
1465:Iron Cross 1st Class on 26 July 1941
1424:Commanders cross on 28 February 1933
811:. He attended the V Army Corps
662:to the Austro-Hungarian province of
421:, he later raised and commanded the
3185:Recipients of the Gold German Cross
3055:7th SS Volunteer Mountain Division
2444:(online) (in German). Vol. 8.
1569:
1036:German-occupied territory of Serbia
990:7th SS Volunteer Mountain Division
979:, and was subsequently promoted to
756:
446:German-occupied territory of Serbia
423:7th SS Volunteer Mountain Division
414:as a regimental commander with the
253:7th SS Volunteer Mountain Division
13:
2757:]. Bissendorf: Biblio-Verlag.
1220:369th (Croatian) Infantry Division
955:in the Ukraine, commanded his own
344:army officer who held the rank of
14:
3281:
3260:Missing in action of World War II
3210:Romanian people of German descent
3019:
1486:Knight's Cross on 4 July 1943 as
1247:(Maypole) in eastern Bosnia, and
1135:Italian governorate of Montenegro
450:Italian governorate of Montenegro
3127:
3115:
3091:8 July 1943 â 21 September 1944
3025:
2780:. Ithaca, New York: Cornell UP.
2708:. New York: St. Martin's Press.
1512:
1140:Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross
696:declaration of war in May 1915.
468:Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross
199:
186:
173:
146:
131:
117:
1551:
1523:GdaĆsk University of Technology
1270:, organising the flight of the
939:, the commander of SS-Regiment
908:were not permitted to join the
841:
3160:Austro-Hungarian Army officers
3099:Karl Reichsritter von Oberkamp
3071:Karl Reichsritter von Oberkamp
3062:30 January 1942 â 15 May 1943
2536:(1980). Broucek, Peter (ed.).
1535:
819:, and published a book titled
783:fought against Romania in 1919
633:
622:, in the difficult terrain of
1:
3205:Romanian Land Forces generals
2455:SS: Hell on the Western Front
1564:
889:. Phleps volunteered for the
704:, which was headquartered in
481:
16:Waffen-SS officer (1881â1944)
3175:GebirgsjÀger of World War II
2930:. New York: Berghahn Books.
2655:. In Marble, Sanders (ed.).
2534:Glaise von Horstenau, Edmund
2446:Austrian Academy of Sciences
2333:Patzwall & Scherzer 2001
1471:in Bronze on 7 November 1943
1417:Order of the Star of Romania
1099:Independent State of Croatia
943:, was killed in action near
442:Independent State of Croatia
350:(lieutenant general) in the
7:
2988:
2946:
2886:Williamson, Gordon (2004).
2457:. St Paul: MBI Publishing.
2270:Nuremberg Trial proceedings
2054:Rosenbaum & Hoffer 1993
1454:Commander on 1 January 1927
1436:Order of the Yugoslav Crown
1061:From left: Italian General
614:. There, he specialised in
378:, and had been promoted to
10:
3286:
3230:Yugoslavia in World War II
2700:; Hoffer, William (1993).
2651:Lumans, Valdis O. (2012).
2590:J.J. Fedorowicz Publishing
2392:
1967:Bishop & Williams 2003
1521:technical university, now
1478:in the V SS Mountain Corps
1457:Grand Cross on 10 May 1939
1445:2nd Class on 26 April 1934
743:, and ended the war as an
688:, which was formed in the
572:Theresian Military Academy
522:, commonly referred to as
514:(modern-day Transylvania,
366:officer before and during
330:Artur Gustav Martin Phleps
46:Artur Gustav Martin Phleps
3093:
3083:
3077:
3064:
3051:
3045:
3040:
2973:10.1080/13518040600697969
2865:Tomasevich, Jozo (2001).
2772:Stein, George H. (1984).
2321:Thomas & Wegmann 1994
1615:Glaise von Horstenau 1980
1357:
1323:Accusations of war crimes
1023:. Phleps was promoted to
785:. During a battle at the
719:. Later that month, King
582:. Following promotion to
470:, Phleps was awarded the
310:
302:
292:
265:
248:
235:
222:
214:
163:
109:
85:
58:
50:
42:
30:
23:
3180:People from Sibiu County
2905:Windrow, Martin (1992).
2508:Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer
2397:
1528:
1249:Operation "Rösselsprung"
1101:(NDH) to participate in
1042:force. Headquartered in
370:, Phleps specialised in
2723:Scherzer, Veit (2007).
2626:LopiÄiÄ, ÄorÄe (2009).
2234:Schulz & Zinke 2008
2198:Schulz & Zinke 2008
1443:Order of Military Merit
1404:Order of the Iron Crown
1238:would invade along the
856:Volksgruppe in RumÀnien
512:Austro-Hungarian Empire
478:to his Knight's Cross.
456:(Transylvania) and the
392:, reaching the rank of
3002:. 2015. Archived from
2924:Wolff, Stefan (2000).
2818:Thomas, Franz (1998).
2607:Lepre, George (1997).
1469:Infantry Assault Badge
1430:Czechoslovak War Cross
1409:Officers cross of the
1351:
1196:Konstantin Kammerhofer
1078:
930:SS Motorised Division
912:. He was appointed an
847:SS Motorised Division
735:, and was awarded the
721:Ferdinand I of Romania
681:General der Kavallerie
495:
416:SS Motorised Division
278:HungarianâRomanian War
240:SS Motorised Division
3215:SS and Police Leaders
1542:German pronunciation:
1411:Order of Franz Joseph
1341:
1060:
1007:advised Himmler that
997:On 30 December 1941,
692:, in response to the
684:(lieutenant general)
566:(rifle) Battalion in
559:(mountain infantry).
510:, then a part of the
489:
364:Austro-Hungarian Army
215:Years of service
181:Austro-Hungarian Army
3240:SS-ObergruppenfĂŒhrer
3034:at Wikimedia Commons
2347:, pp. 338, 499.
2032:, pp. 154, 161.
1499:SS and police leader
1388:Military Merit Cross
1369:Military Merit Medal
1216:118th JĂ€ger Division
1000:Generalfeldmarschall
977:16th Panzer Division
686:Franz Rohr von Denta
660:Carpathian Mountains
524:Transylvanian Saxons
472:German Cross in Gold
436:, and commanded the
231:(Lieutenant General)
3087:V SS Mountain Corps
3006:on 21 November 2015
2556:Kaltenegger, Roland
2284:, pp. 250â251.
2128:, pp. 181â189.
2116:, pp. 319â320.
2068:, pp. 71, 147.
2044:, pp. 258â260.
1782:, pp. 100â101.
1596:, pp. 112â113.
1282:Death and aftermath
1245:Operation "Maibaum"
1210:V SS Mountain Corps
1204:Austrian presidency
1154:V SS Mountain Corps
975:, commander of the
638:At the outbreak of
498:Phleps was born in
438:V SS Mountain Corps
260:V SS Mountain Corps
194:Royal Romanian Army
3270:Nazi war criminals
2473:Casagrande, Thomas
2152:, p. 373â376.
2056:, pp. 32, 79.
1503:commander-in-chief
1450:Order of the Crown
1145:Das Schwarze Korps
1095:Kopaonik Mountains
1091:Dragutin KeseroviÄ
1083:Operation Kopaonik
1079:
973:Hans-Valentin Hube
836:General-locotenent
725:Kingdom of Romania
668:Poland and Ukraine
534:Imperial and Royal
496:
394:General-locotenent
358:. At the post-war
3104:
3103:
3094:Succeeded by
3065:Succeeded by
3041:Military offices
3030:Media related to
2937:978-1-57181-738-9
2916:978-0-7603-1933-8
2897:978-0-7603-1933-8
2878:978-0-8047-3615-2
2857:978-0-8047-0857-9
2833:978-3-7648-2300-9
2810:978-3-7648-2430-3
2787:978-0-8014-9275-4
2764:978-3-7648-2375-7
2740:978-3-938845-17-2
2715:978-0-312-08219-2
2698:Rosenbaum, Eli M.
2689:978-3-931533-45-8
2666:978-0-8232-3977-1
2643:978-86-906329-8-5
2618:978-0-7643-0134-6
2599:978-0-921991-29-8
2573:978-3-902475-57-2
2547:978-3-205-08740-3
2525:978-3-7909-0284-6
2492:978-3-593-37234-1
2464:978-0-7603-1402-9
2448:. pp. 45â46.
2423:978-3-87538-011-8
1942:, pp. 43â53.
1930:, pp. 30â40.
1906:, pp. 20â24.
1894:, pp. 27â28.
1867:, pp. 19â21.
1584:, pp. 26â30.
1438:2nd Class in 1933
1185:Karl von Oberkamp
1123:Bosanski Petrovac
827:vĂąnÄtori de munte
767:Treaty of Trianon
741:Armeegruppe Tirol
327:
326:
89:21 September 1944
3277:
3132:
3131:
3130:
3120:
3119:
3118:
3111:
3097:SS-BrigadefĂŒhrer
3078:Preceded by
3068:SS-BrigadefĂŒhrer
3046:Preceded by
3038:
3037:
3029:
3015:
3013:
3011:
2984:
2941:
2920:
2901:
2882:
2861:
2842:Tomasevich, Jozo
2837:
2814:
2791:
2779:
2768:
2744:
2719:
2707:
2693:
2670:
2647:
2622:
2603:
2577:
2551:
2529:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2468:
2449:
2427:
2387:
2384:Kaltenegger 2008
2381:
2375:
2369:
2363:
2357:
2348:
2342:
2336:
2330:
2324:
2318:
2285:
2279:
2273:
2267:
2261:
2255:
2249:
2246:Kaltenegger 2008
2243:
2237:
2231:
2225:
2222:Kaltenegger 2008
2219:
2213:
2207:
2201:
2195:
2189:
2183:
2177:
2171:
2165:
2159:
2153:
2147:
2141:
2135:
2129:
2126:Kaltenegger 2008
2123:
2117:
2111:
2105:
2099:
2093:
2087:
2081:
2075:
2069:
2063:
2057:
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2015:
2009:
2003:
1997:
1991:
1982:
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1807:Kaltenegger 2008
1804:
1795:
1789:
1783:
1780:Kaltenegger 2008
1777:
1771:
1765:
1759:
1753:
1744:
1743:, pp. 9â10.
1738:
1729:
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1711:
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1644:
1635:
1632:Kaltenegger 2008
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1579:
1570:Inline citations
1558:
1555:
1549:
1548:
1543:
1539:
1505:in SiebenbĂŒrgen.
1337:Nuremberg trials
1319:in his honour.
1166:Ercole Roncaglia
1085:, targeting the
1063:Ercole Roncaglia
1003:(field marshal)
926:Heinrich Himmler
916:StandartenfĂŒhrer
903:
803:at the Romanian
791:court-martialled
769:. He joined the
757:Between the wars
698:Armeegruppe Rohr
676:Armeegruppe Rohr
672:Russian Imperial
652:operations staff
648:Serbian campaign
536:cadet school in
502:(Biertan), near
407:StandartenfĂŒhrer
372:mountain warfare
360:Nuremberg trials
334:Austro-Hungarian
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2078:Tomasevich 1975
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2042:Casagrande 2003
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1432:on 1 March 1928
1360:
1325:
1305:ObersturmfĂŒhrer
1284:
1264:plenipotentiary
1253:Josip Broz Tito
1224:2nd Panzer Army
1212:
1089:force of Major
995:
937:Hilmar WĂ€ckerle
928:and joined the
922:ReichsfĂŒhrer-SS
897:
852:
844:
759:
727:in joining the
636:
576:Wiener Neustadt
484:
386:interwar period
323:
317:Reinhart Phleps
288:
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3020:External links
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2008:, p. 237.
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1996:, p. 236.
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1981:, p. 210.
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1944:
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1133:area into the
1111:(1st Croatian)
1005:Wilhelm Keitel
994:
988:
953:Dnipropetrovsk
881:(leader), the
867:Gottlob Berger
851:
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843:
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746:Oberstleutnant
729:Triple Entente
654:of the Second
635:
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520:ethnic Germans
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388:he joined the
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289:
287:
286:
281:
275:
269:
267:
263:
262:
250:
246:
245:
237:
233:
232:
224:
220:
219:
216:
212:
211:
209:
208:
196:
183:
169:
167:
161:
160:
158:
157:
142:
127:
113:
111:
107:
106:
93:(aged 62)
87:
83:
82:
60:
56:
55:
52:
48:
47:
44:
40:
39:
37:Phleps in 1942
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3282:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3147:
3145:
3135:
3125:
3123:
3113:
3112:
3109:
3098:
3089:
3088:
3085:Commander of
3080:New formation
3076:
3072:
3069:
3060:
3059:
3058:
3053:Commander of
3048:New formation
3044:
3039:
3033:
3028:
3024:
3023:
3005:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2992:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2957:
2951:
2950:
2939:
2933:
2929:
2928:
2922:
2918:
2912:
2908:
2907:The Waffen-SS
2903:
2899:
2893:
2889:
2884:
2880:
2874:
2870:
2869:
2863:
2859:
2853:
2849:
2848:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2816:
2812:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2793:
2789:
2783:
2778:
2777:
2770:
2766:
2760:
2756:
2752:
2746:
2742:
2736:
2732:
2727:
2721:
2717:
2711:
2706:
2705:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2685:
2681:
2677:
2672:
2668:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2649:
2645:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2630:
2624:
2620:
2614:
2610:
2605:
2601:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2543:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2494:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2479:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2460:
2456:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2442:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2402:
2385:
2380:
2374:, p. 93.
2373:
2368:
2361:
2360:Scherzer 2007
2356:
2354:
2346:
2341:
2334:
2329:
2322:
2317:
2315:
2313:
2311:
2309:
2307:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2299:
2297:
2295:
2293:
2291:
2283:
2278:
2271:
2266:
2260:, p. 14.
2259:
2254:
2248:, p. 15.
2247:
2242:
2235:
2230:
2223:
2218:
2211:
2206:
2199:
2194:
2187:
2182:
2175:
2170:
2164:, p. 46.
2163:
2158:
2151:
2146:
2139:
2134:
2127:
2122:
2115:
2110:
2103:
2098:
2091:
2086:
2079:
2074:
2067:
2062:
2055:
2050:
2043:
2038:
2031:
2026:
2020:, p. 55.
2019:
2014:
2007:
2002:
1995:
1990:
1988:
1980:
1975:
1968:
1963:
1956:
1951:
1949:
1941:
1936:
1929:
1924:
1918:, p. 25.
1917:
1912:
1905:
1900:
1893:
1888:
1881:
1876:
1874:
1866:
1861:
1854:
1849:
1847:
1840:, p. 92.
1839:
1834:
1828:, p. 10.
1827:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1808:
1803:
1801:
1794:, p. 89.
1793:
1788:
1781:
1776:
1770:, p. 88.
1769:
1764:
1757:
1752:
1750:
1742:
1737:
1735:
1728:, p. 87.
1727:
1722:
1715:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1692:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1676:, p. 45.
1675:
1670:
1668:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1656:
1648:
1643:
1641:
1634:, p. 96.
1633:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1616:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1595:
1590:
1583:
1578:
1574:
1554:
1547:
1538:
1534:
1526:
1524:
1520:
1513:Personal life
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1489:
1485:
1484:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1451:
1447:
1444:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1423:
1420:
1419:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1408:
1405:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1389:
1385:
1380:
1377:
1376:
1374:
1373:Signum Laudis
1370:
1366:
1365:
1363:
1355:
1350:
1347:
1340:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1306:
1299:
1297:
1293:
1292:Arad, Romania
1289:
1279:
1277:
1273:
1272:Volksdeutsche
1269:
1265:
1261:
1256:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1241:
1237:
1231:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1207:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1194:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1178:
1177:Kurt Waldheim
1175:
1172:interpreter,
1171:
1167:
1163:
1157:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1110:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1067:Kurt Waldheim
1064:
1059:
1055:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1028:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1013:Volksdeutsche
1010:
1006:
1002:
1001:
993:
987:
985:
984:
978:
974:
970:
969:
964:
960:
959:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
933:
927:
924:
923:
919:(colonel) by
918:
917:
911:
907:
906:Volksdeutsche
901:
896:
892:
888:
887:Ion Antonescu
884:
880:
879:
874:
873:
868:
864:
863:
857:
850:
839:
837:
833:
829:
828:
822:
818:
814:
813:staff college
810:
806:
802:
798:
797:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
771:Romanian Army
768:
764:
763:was dissolved
754:
752:
748:
747:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
713:
711:
710:quartermaster
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
690:Austrian Alps
687:
683:
682:
678:commanded by
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
631:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
604:
599:
595:
591:
587:
586:
581:
580:General Staff
577:
573:
569:
565:
560:
558:
557:
554:
549:
548:
543:
539:
535:
531:
530:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
493:
488:
479:
477:
473:
469:
465:
464:
463:Volksdeutsche
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
433:
428:, raised the
427:
426:
420:
419:
413:
412:Eastern Front
409:
408:
401:
399:
395:
391:
390:Romanian Army
387:
383:
382:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
348:
343:
339:
335:
331:
319:
316:
315:
313:
309:
305:
301:
298:
295:
291:
285:
282:
279:
276:
274:
271:
270:
268:
264:
261:
257:
256:
251:
247:
244:
243:
238:
234:
230:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
207:
202:
197:
195:
184:
182:
171:
170:
168:
162:
155:
143:
140:
128:
126:
115:
114:
112:
108:
105:
101:
97:
88:
84:
81:
77:
76:Szeben County
73:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
34:
29:
22:
19:
3096:
3084:
3067:
3056:
3052:
3032:Artur Phleps
3008:. Retrieved
3004:the original
2999:
2960:
2954:
2926:
2906:
2887:
2867:
2846:
2823:
2819:
2800:
2796:
2775:
2754:
2749:
2729:
2724:
2703:
2679:
2675:
2656:
2633:
2628:
2608:
2588:. Winnipeg:
2585:
2563:
2559:
2537:
2515:
2511:
2496:. Retrieved
2482:
2477:
2454:
2439:
2432:Bergel, Hans
2413:
2409:
2406:Bergel, Hans
2379:
2367:
2340:
2328:
2277:
2265:
2258:Windrow 1992
2253:
2241:
2229:
2217:
2205:
2193:
2181:
2169:
2157:
2145:
2133:
2121:
2109:
2097:
2085:
2073:
2061:
2049:
2037:
2025:
2013:
2001:
1974:
1962:
1935:
1923:
1911:
1899:
1887:
1860:
1833:
1787:
1775:
1763:
1721:
1693:, p. 9.
1594:LopiÄiÄ 2009
1589:
1582:LopiÄiÄ 2009
1577:
1553:
1537:
1516:
1494:
1487:
1475:
1372:
1361:
1352:
1345:
1342:
1326:
1317:Artur Phleps
1316:
1310:GebirgsjÀger
1309:
1302:
1300:
1285:
1271:
1260:German Cross
1257:
1232:
1228:"Kugelblitz"
1213:
1192:
1189:
1181:
1180:division to
1173:
1169:
1158:
1149:
1143:
1108:
1080:
1070:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1009:Adolf Hitler
998:
996:
991:
980:
971:(brigadier)
968:Generalmajor
966:
956:
940:
931:
920:
913:
909:
905:
876:
870:
865:(brigadier)
859:
855:
853:
848:
842:World War II
835:
825:
820:
794:
760:
751:Alpine front
744:
740:
714:
697:
679:
675:
666:(modern-day
637:
616:mobilisation
601:
585:Oberleutnant
583:
563:
561:
551:
545:
540:(modern-day
527:
508:SiebenbĂŒrgen
504:Hermannstadt
497:
492:Transylvania
461:
454:SiebenbĂŒrgen
431:
424:
417:
404:
402:
393:
379:
356:World War II
345:
329:
328:
284:World War II
266:Battles/wars
254:
241:
226:
91:(1944-09-21)
25:Artur Phleps
18:
3155:1944 deaths
3150:1881 births
3057:Prinz Eugen
3010:21 November
2967:: 343â376.
2498:11 November
2186:Bergel 1972
2174:Bergel 1972
2162:Bergel 1979
2090:Lumans 2012
2006:Lumans 2012
1994:Lumans 2012
1880:Lumans 2012
1838:Bergel 1972
1792:Bergel 1972
1768:Bergel 1972
1756:Lumans 2012
1726:Bergel 1972
1714:Thomas 1998
1674:Bergel 1979
1501:as well as
1346:Prinz Eugen
1038:as an anti-
992:Prinz Eugen
961:, became a
958:Kampfgruppe
898: [
895:Hans Bergel
805:War Academy
640:World War I
634:World War I
628:Herzegovina
556:KaiserjÀger
425:Prinz Eugen
368:World War I
273:World War I
255:Prinz Eugen
54:Papa Phleps
51:Nickname(s)
3144:Categories
2582:Kumm, Otto
2282:Stein 1984
2138:Lepre 1997
2030:Wolff 2000
1979:Stein 1984
1904:Lepre 1997
1853:Stein 1984
1565:References
1441:Bulgarian
1333:Montenegro
1314:cuff title
1127:Case Black
1103:Case White
983:OberfĂŒhrer
949:Kremenchuk
878:ConducÄtor
737:Iron Cross
608:Army Corps
529:Realschule
482:Early life
476:Oak Leaves
398:King Carol
110:Allegiance
65:1881-11-29
43:Birth name
3134:Biography
2981:144383512
2965:Routledge
2150:Eyre 2006
2018:Kumm 1995
1940:Kumm 1995
1928:Kumm 1995
1892:Kumm 1995
1865:Kumm 1995
1826:Kumm 1995
1741:Kumm 1995
1691:Kumm 1995
1647:Kumm 1995
1448:Romanian
1402:Austrian
1386:Austrian
1367:Austrian
1240:Dalmatian
1234:that the
1170:Wehrmacht
1162:Podgorica
1115:Otto Kumm
1109:Handschar
963:confidant
910:Wehrmacht
891:Waffen-SS
872:Wehrmacht
809:Bucharest
801:logistics
702:10th Army
603:Hauptmann
564:FeldjÀger
538:Pressburg
432:Handschar
376:logistics
352:Waffen-SS
320:Irmingard
303:Spouse(s)
218:1900â1944
206:Waffen-SS
2989:Websites
2947:Journals
2844:(1975).
2731:Archives
2584:(1995).
2558:(2008).
2510:(2000).
2475:(2003).
2434:(1979).
2408:(1972).
1276:Red Army
1200:Kosutica
1174:Leutnant
1044:Kraljevo
1040:Partisan
941:Westland
885:General
883:dictator
832:Carol II
781:, which
779:BĂ©la Kun
733:9th Army
723:led the
644:Budapest
612:Sarajevo
594:Slavonia
547:Leutnant
542:Slovakia
500:BirthÀlm
338:Romanian
311:Children
249:Commands
164:Service/
72:BirthÀlm
3122:Austria
3108:Portals
2393:Sources
1093:in the
1087:Chetnik
775:militia
706:Villach
694:Italian
664:Galicia
553:Tiroler
516:Romania
354:during
280:of 1919
154:Germany
139:Romania
104:Romania
2979:
2934:
2913:
2894:
2875:
2854:
2830:
2807:
2784:
2761:
2751:Plesch
2737:
2712:
2686:
2663:
2640:
2615:
2596:
2570:
2544:
2522:
2489:
2461:
2420:
1519:Danzig
1358:Awards
1329:NikĆĄiÄ
1296:Èimand
1131:Mostar
1071:Oberst
932:Wiking
849:Wiking
817:BraÈov
796:Oberst
624:Bosnia
418:Wiking
342:German
293:Awards
242:Wiking
191:
178:
166:branch
151:
136:
122:
96:Èimand
2977:S2CID
2963:(2).
2822:[
2799:[
2753:[
2728:[
2678:[
2632:[
2562:[
2514:[
2481:[
2412:[
2398:Books
1529:Notes
1268:Banat
1119:BihaÄ
1052:RaĆĄka
1048:UĆŸice
1032:Banat
902:]
787:Tisza
717:major
590:Esseg
458:Banat
306:Grete
3012:2015
2932:ISBN
2911:ISBN
2892:ISBN
2873:ISBN
2852:ISBN
2828:ISBN
2805:ISBN
2782:ISBN
2759:ISBN
2735:ISBN
2710:ISBN
2684:ISBN
2661:ISBN
2638:ISBN
2613:ISBN
2594:ISBN
2568:ISBN
2542:ISBN
2520:ISBN
2500:2016
2487:ISBN
2459:ISBN
2418:ISBN
1218:and
1121:and
1050:and
951:and
945:Lvov
656:Army
626:and
618:and
598:Graz
568:GĂŒns
448:and
374:and
340:and
236:Unit
223:Rank
100:Arad
86:Died
59:Born
2969:doi
1331:in
1303:SS-
1025:SS-
981:SS-
965:of
914:SS-
860:SS-
815:in
807:in
610:in
592:in
574:in
506:in
405:SS-
3146::
2998:.
2975:.
2961:19
2959:.
2592:.
2438:.
2352:^
2289:^
1986:^
1947:^
1872:^
1845:^
1814:^
1799:^
1748:^
1733:^
1698:^
1681:^
1654:^
1639:^
1622:^
1601:^
1525:.
1375:)
1278:.
1255:.
1206:.
1187:.
1156:.
1069:,
1065:,
900:de
753:.
630:.
444:,
336:,
102:,
98:,
78:,
74:,
3110::
3014:.
2983:.
2971::
2940:.
2919:.
2900:.
2881:.
2860:.
2836:.
2813:.
2790:.
2767:.
2743:.
2718:.
2692:.
2669:.
2646:.
2621:.
2602:.
2576:.
2550:.
2528:.
2502:.
2467:.
2426:.
2272:.
1371:(
1077:.
494:)
67:)
63:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
