667:. The fleet required constant maintenance and outfitting. The Venetian Arsenal was not only able to function as a major shipyard, but was also responsible for these routine maintenance stops that most Venetian galleys required. This required financing, for which the Venetian government spent almost 10% of its revenues. This naval power resulted in the domination of Mediterranean commerce. Venice's leading families, largely merchants and noblemen, were responsible for creating some of the grandest palaces and employing some of the most famous artists ever known. This opulence and wealth would not have been possible without the naval force constructed by the Arsenal. With the creation of the Great Galley and the mass production capacity of the Arsenal, "the fleets of Venice were the basis for the greatest commercial power the European world had yet seen".
564:, and the development and introduction of the Great Galley, the Venetian Arsenal would start to take on its industrial form. The invention of the Great Galley itself is significant because they were able to be built frame-first. This process used less timber than the earlier hull-first building system, resulting in much faster build times. This was crucial to the process that would lead to the Arsenal becoming a mass-production center. By the 16th century, the Arsenal had become the most powerful and efficient shipbuilding enterprise in the world. Not only did it supply ships, rigging, and other nautical supplies, it was also a major munitions depot for the Venetian navy and was capable of outfitting and producing fully equipped merchant or naval vessels at the rate of one per day.
93:
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572:, planking and cabins, and final assembly. Each stage employed its own workers who specialized in that particular stage of production as well as using standardized parts to produce an almost assembly-line process. The Arsenal often kept up to 100 galleys in different stages of production and maintenance. That way, once a galley was launched, another could be immediately put into the finishing stages of production. The layout of the Arsenal itself was modified to enable minimal handling of materials during the stages of production. The Arsenal also saw the use of standardized, interchangeable parts.
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192:, building ships that sailed from the city's port. With high walls shielding the Arsenal from public view and guards protecting its perimeter, different areas of the Arsenal each produced a particular prefabricated ship part or other maritime implement, such as munitions, rope, and rigging. These parts could then be assembled into a ship in as little as one day. An exclusive forest owned by the Arsenal navy, in the
1158:
635:'s questions concerning shipbuilding and navigation, found in the Mechanical Questions of Aristotle. As a result of these investigations, which were pursued by observing the work of the shipwrights, Galileo was asked to help in resolving a specific problem with the rowing units of the galleys. As a result of his study of Aristotle, and in particular Question 4 regarding the
548:
The
Arsenal's capacity for production was rare in a time when "most of Europe had no manufacturing abilities more efficient than the guild system, the slow and tradition-bound way craftsmen had of passing on skills to their sons or apprentices while monopolizing production and sale of craft pieces
567:
In the rest of Europe the production of a similar sized vessel could often take months. This large production capacity was a result of the massive number of people that the
Arsenal employed, almost 16,000, and the streamlining of production within the Arsenal itself. Production was divided into 3
579:, were moved along during their stages of construction, allowing them to be brought to the materials and workers, instead of the materials and workers going to the galley itself. This assembly approach was repeated in the rest of the world only starting from the early 20th century when
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practice. This new system was much faster and required less wood. At the peak of its efficiency in the early 16th century, the
Arsenal employed some 16,000 people who apparently were able to produce nearly one
639:
of ships by oar, Galileo was able to produce a response to this question and ended up becoming a major source of information for the shipbuilders of the
Arsenal concerning matters of rowing, instruments, and
1143:ή τεχνίτες εργάζονται όμως και στα βενετσιάνικα ναυπηγεία και τους ναυσταθμους στο Αιγαίο (Χανιά, Ηράκλειο, Μεθώνη, Κορώνη, Χαλκίδα, Πρέβεζα και Κέρκυρα) όπως επίσης και στο ναύσταθμο της ίδιας της Βενετίας
659:. This would not have been possible without an extremely large navy and merchant force. By 1450, over 3,000 Venetian merchant ships were in operation, both as supply ships for Venetian merchants and as
238:, although there is no evidence for such a precise date. It definitely existed by the early 13th century. However, if this date is precise, that would make the factory 920 years old today (2024).
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was simply a larger and more efficient version of the original. Prior to this time the
Arsenal had served mainly as a place to maintain privately built ships. With the creation of the
1758:
1718:
1936:
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of the
Arsenal. As a result of his interactions with the Arsenal, Galileo published a book later in his life addressing a new field of modern science, that concerned with the
360:
Gianmaria
Maffioletti's print depicting the Venetian Arsenal in 1797, with ships, facilities, and equipment, immediately before the pillage by Bonaparte's occupation forces. (
1708:
234:-style establishment may have existed as early as the 8th century, though the present structure is usually said to have been begun in 1104 during the reign of
675:
After years of disuse and neglect, parts of the
Venetian Arsenal complex have been modernized and repurposed to serve as the operations centre for Venice's
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442:, with guns mounted on wheeled carriages along the sides in the modern fashion. It was slow and unwieldy in battle, however, and few were ever built. The
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In the late 16th century, the
Arsenal's designers experimented with larger ships as platforms for heavy naval guns. The largest was the
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Iordanou, Ioanna (2015). "Pestilence, Poverty, and
Provision: Re-evaluating the Role of the Popolani in Early Modern Venice".
184:, spanning an area of about 45 hectares (110 acres), or about fifteen percent of Venice. Surrounded by a 2-mile (3.2 km)
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339:, creating armor-piercing rounds. Arsenal-produced arms were also noteworthy for their multi-purpose utility; the Venetian
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One revolutionary aspect of the Arsenal was its employment of the moving assembly line. The galleys, through the use of a
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The Venetian Arsenal was not the mass production facility that it was to become until about 1320 with the creation of the
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Dolinsky, Anton. "Inventory Management History Part Three: Venetian Arsenal - Ahead of Their Time". Almyta Systems.
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Venice built also a network of Venetian arsenals, serving primarily the purpose of repair, and naval stations in
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was unique for its time and resulted in possibly the single largest industrial complex in Europe prior to the
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Trade, piracy, and naval warfare in the central Mediterranean: The maritime history and archaeology of Malta
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to be both constructed and maintained in one place. The Arsenal incidentally became an important center for
1972:
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A multicriteria approach for the evaluation of the sustainability of re-use of historic buildings in Venice
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The Arsenal produced the majority of Venice's maritime trading vessels, which generated much of the city's
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Launching a Thousand Ships: Entrepreneurs, War Workers, and the State in American Shipbuilding, 1940-1945
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began using the modern assembly line, which was later changed into a moving assembly line by Henry Ford.
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and instrument makers and helping to solve shipbuilders' problems, many of them relating to matters of
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The staff of the Arsenal, who were united by their distinct professional identity, also developed new
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defacements that were purportedly carved into it by Scandinavian mercenaries in the 11th century.
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Sustainability indicators and environmental valuation paper - Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei.
631:'s initial visits to the Arsenal were as a result of his initiative to further investigate
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261:) was built, much larger than the original. It enabled all the state's navy and the larger
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2007:
450:". It was useful in major naval battles, but not in the small bays and off the extensive
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and resistance of materials. This science largely saw its roots in the knowledge of the
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in a given region... The Arsenal was something different, a harbinger of future times."
434:, and developed from the old merchanting "great galley". It was huge, propelled by both
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Central Connecticut State University Master of Science in International Studies Thesis.
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349:, is usually given credit as being the first to mount the Arsenal's new lighter-weight
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Shipbuilders of the Venetian Arsenal: Workers and Workplace in the Pre-Industrial City
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College of Fine and Professional Arts of Kent State University Master of Arts Thesis.
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Shipbuilders of the Venetian Arsenal: Workers and Workplace in the preindustrial city
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615:. He was also responsible for creating some major innovations in the production and
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The Art of Renaissance Venice: Architecture, Sculpture, and Painting, 1460-1590
927:. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 201, back cover.
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A Concise Economic History of the World: From Paleolithic Times to the Present
168:. It was "one of the earliest large-scale industrial enterprises in history".
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manufacture, and housing for the Arsenal workers grew up outside its walls.
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Venice, the lagoon and the Adriatic Sea: a historic struggle for survival
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situated beside it were added in 1687. One of the lions, known as the
152:. Owned by the state, the Arsenal was responsible for the bulk of the
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Arsenale di Venezia - Official webpage by the Municipality of Venice
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era. It became the largest industrial complex in Europe before the
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Entrance to the Arsenal ca. 1860–70. Photo by Venetian photographer
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H.W. Longfellow trans. from Canto xxi of Inferno, quoted in Lane,
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Carnage and Culture: Landmark Battles in the Rise to Western Power
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Construction of the Arsenal began around 1104, during Venice's
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each day, and could fit out, arm, and provision a newly built
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in the 1370s and numerous small arms for use against the
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http://www.almyta.com/Inventory_Management_History_3.asp
188:, laborers and shipbuilders regularly worked within the
1115:(Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1973): 1-2.
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481:, and is home to a historic boat preservation center.
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Significant parts of the Arsenal were destroyed under
1128:Nautikḗ parádosē sto Aigaío: tarsanádes kai skariá
627:of the Venetian Arsenal. It is also supposed that
1124:
679:, a flood defence system intended to protect the
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954:
961:. Oxford, U.K.: Osprey Publishing. p. 22.
881:: A vignette of fifteenth-century Venetian life
541:This one makes oars and that one cordage twists
500:The Venetian Arsenal's ability to mass-produce
1118:
27:Shipbuilding factory of the Republic of Venice
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537:The ribs of that which many a voyage has made
222:of Venice, and it is now owned by the state.
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543:Another mends the mainsail and the mizzen…
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1061:, p. 13, 1993, University of Chicago Press
773:List of buildings and structures in Venice
535:One makes his vessel new, and one recaulks
331:a few years later. The muzzle velocity of
245:worked merely to maintain privately built
1741: Administrative magistracies
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823:Hanson, Victor Davis (18 December 2007).
539:One hammers at the prow, one at the stern
533:For sail they cannot; and instead thereof
531:To smear their unsound vessels over again
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862:October 2008. Accessed 30 January 2010.
854:Giove, S., Rosato, P. & Breil, M. "
809:. Oxford University Press. p. 161.
647:
512:. So much so, that it was mentioned in
311:View of the Entrance to the Arsenal by
276:warships in the Arsenal, including the
14:
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1397:
1013:August 2005. Accessed 30 January 2010.
994:Texas A&M University Ph.D. Thesis.
894:August 2007. Accessed 30 January 2010.
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200:, provided the Arsenal's wood supply.
85:Click on the map for a fullscreen view
1371:
1220:
1057:Wolters, Wolfgang and Huse, Norbert,
920:
909:Northwestern University Ph.D. Thesis.
53:The main gate at the Venetian Arsenal
1246:
911:June 2003. Accessed 30 January 2010.
829:. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group.
818:
816:
488:Venetian Arsenal, 1724 engraving by
1716: Judicial magistracies
996:May 2004. Accessed 30 January 2010.
529:Boils in winter the tenacious pitch
353:on mobile carriages for field use.
24:
1789:Riformatori dello studio di Padova
1179:High-resolution 360° Panoramas of
1131:. Hypourgeio Aigaiou. p. 26.
805:Rondo Cameron; Larry Neal (2003).
778:
527:As in the Arsenal of the Venetians
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144:clustered together in the city of
100:above the main gate at the Arsenal
25:
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1754:Provveditori sopra beni communali
1731: Fiscal magistracies
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788:, Johns Hopkins University Press.
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374:Venetian Renaissance architecture
323:at an early date, beginning with
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958:Renaissance War Galley 1470-1590
335:was improved beyond that of the
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1759:Provveditori sopra beni inculti
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955:Konstam, A.; Bryan, T. (2002).
407:. Two marble lions looted from
300:basis not seen again until the
1595: Principal organs
1347:Santa Maria Gloriosa dei Frari
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215:in 1797. It is located in the
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1:
1764:Esecutori contro la bestemmia
1450:Serrata del Maggior Consiglio
1175:thetis - What is the Arsenale
792:
710:, including shipyards in the
368:The Arsenal's main gate, the
296:with standardized parts on a
209:fall of the Venetian Republic
207:and power, lasting until the
1937:Venetian commercial shipping
1847:Provveditore Generale da Mar
1301:History of the Doge's Palace
376:. It was based on the Roman
272:Venice developed methods of
7:
1454:Wars of expansion in Italy
1113:Venice: A Maritime Republic
1072:Venice, a Maritime Republic
1025:The Economic History Review
761:
730:). Such locations included
171:
10:
2103:
2082:Military history of Venice
1842:Captain General of the Sea
1779:Cinque savi alla mercanzia
1125:Kōstas Damianidēs (1997).
1102:. Springer: New York, 2010
586:
465:Venetian Arsenal main gate
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2003:Accademia degli Incogniti
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595:Statue of Galileo Galilei
136:) is a complex of former
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1342:Santa Maria della Salute
768:Venetian arsenal, Gouvia
1968:Scuole Grandi of Venice
1307:Gallerie dell'Accademia
784:Robert C.Davis (1991).
426:, already used at the
249:ships, but in 1320 the
120:Venetian Arsenal towers
1794:Magistrato alla Sanità
1749:Provveditori all'Armar
1352:Santi Giovanni e Paolo
1111:Frederic Chapin Lane,
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1744:Magistrato alle acque
1709:Correttori alle Leggi
1480:Ottoman–Venetian wars
1445:Venetian–Genoese wars
1292:Ca' Vendramin Calergi
1165:at Wikimedia Commons
875:Hunting on the lagoon
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683:from tidal flooding.
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506:assembly-line process
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1526:Domini di Terraferma
1337:San Giorgio Maggiore
1181:Arsenale | Art Atlas
1098:Valleriani, Matteo.
921:Davis, R.C. (2007).
648:Venice's naval power
362:Naval History Museum
241:Initially the state
2008:Accademia Veneziana
1973:Gothic architecture
1704:Avogadoria de Comùn
879:two Venetian ladies
347:Bartolomeo Colleoni
166:early modern period
134:Arsenale di Venezia
2087:Industrial history
2025:Carnival of Venice
1724:Lords of the Night
1648:Savi di Terraferma
1643:Savi del Consiglio
1633:Signoria of Venice
1609:promissione ducale
1435:Chrysobull of 1082
1400:Republic of Venice
1357:St Mark's Basilica
1322:Punta della Dogana
1193:St Mark's Basilica
886:2013-12-04 at the
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1163:Arsenale (Venice)
1161:Media related to
1138:978-960-7859-03-7
1037:10.1111/ehr.12131
1005:O'Connell, G.C. "
968:978-1-84176-443-6
934:978-0-8018-8625-6
836:978-0-307-42518-8
724:Kingdom of Candia
428:Battle of Lepanto
403:from a design by
154:Venetian Republic
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16:(Redirected from
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1815:Military history
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1619:(abolished 1423)
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259:New Arsenal
158:naval power
110:Carlo Ponti
2066:Categories
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793:References
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364:, Venice).
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1988:Humanists
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1503:Geography
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1251:landmarks
1045:143028544
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633:Aristotle
617:logistics
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599:In 1593,
456:Dalmatian
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1998:Painting
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1581:Politics
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884:Archived
762:See also
726:(modern
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621:strength
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337:crossbow
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172:Overview
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75:Location
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570:framing
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315:, 1732.
255:Italian
226:History
190:Arsenal
186:rampart
164:to the
130:Italian
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294:galley
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146:Venice
96:Stone
2050:Index
1993:Music
1898:Zecca
1852:Ranks
1675:Zonta
1566:Morea
1561:Crete
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417:runic
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390:Istra
282:Roman
247:naval
150:Italy
67:Owner
2020:Flag
1942:Muda
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1598:Doge
1485:Fall
1133:ISBN
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