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798:), ordering the civilian population to move out of the city and into the countryside along with the army, and to burn everything left behind to hinder the enemy's advance. The retreat was orderly, with Díaz Vélez's troops protecting the rearguard. On 3 September he made contact with the enemy, whose advanced elements had chased the cavalry to the Las Piedras river. Taking advantage of the terrain, and with Holmberg's help, Belgrano opened fire with his new artillery and turned the tables on the enemy, taking the leader of the royalist advance, Colonel Huici, prisoner. Ten days later, they encamped in Tucumán, where they decided to end the retreat. On the 24th they confronted Tristán at the
1082:, taking over Tarija. The victory gave the Army of the North a lot of arms, ammunition, supplies and prisoners, plus over a thousand new volunteers from Upper Peru who joined the army. La Madrid stayed in Tarija until 5 May 1817. He named Francisco Pérez de Uriondo governor of Tarija and marched towards Chuquisaca. In the course of his march, he captured an entire royalist company on Cachimayo hill. La Madrid attacked Chuquisaca on 21 May in a frontal assault, but his forces were beaten off. On 12 June the army was caught by surprise at Sopachuy (120 kilometres (75 mi) southeast of Chuquisaca) and was defeated after a brief battle. They had to retreat to Salta, by the same road.
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1161:, and ordered him to go to Upper Peru to attack Olañeta from the south, starting his march on 3 January 1825. In March 1825 Álvarez de Arenales started another campaign but when at his headquarters at Tilcara he received the news that lieutenant colonel Carlos Medinaceli had turned to the independentist cause, so he sent Pérez de Urdininea from Humahuaca to support Medinaceli. On 1 April 1825 they fought at Tumusla where Medinaceli defeated Olañeta, finally liberating Upper Peru.
896:. The rebel army, with 2,000 men and 8 pieces of artillery (even though they counted 3,400 men, 1,400 were not in fighting conditions) they confronted a superior army with 3,500 men and 18 pieces of artillery. The fight was bloody for both sides, with a rebel defeat, but they were not chased by the royalists as they had suffered 500 loses and after a very trying battle. As a consequence of these defeats, Upper Peru returned to royalist control and Belgrano returned to Jujuy.
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Cañas lieutenant colonel Rojas was killed but the force of 400 royalists was defeated. On 8 June there was a new independentist victory at Cuesta de la
Pedrera (southeast of Salta), dispersing 2,000 royalists who retreated to Jujuy. At the battle of Yala another royalist force was defeated and colonel Vigil, their commander, was captured. De La Serna ordered a retreat to Tupiza.
462:, about 400 km (249 mi) North of San Salvador de Jujuy, on 27 October. The battle was not favorable to Balcarce and the outcome undecided, in part for the numerical superiority of the royalist, forcing the expeditionary troops to retreat to the South without pursuit. Balcarce reorganized his troops two days later in
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as commander of the
Royalist forces in Upper Peru. On 12 May Orozco commanding a force of 4,000 men advanced to Jujuy, and on 28 May occupied the city, then on 31 May occupied Salta. On 2 June the royalist forces defeated the patriots at Chamical (southwest of the city of Salta). At the battle of Las
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Colonel José Canterac after pacifying Tarija and Cinti, started a new invasion with three columns under command of Olañeta (through
Humahuaca), Vigil (through Orán) and Valdez (through Despoblado). On 26 March the occupied San Salvador de Jujuy for a few hours but had to retreat to Yala under risk of
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who was put in charge of the 1st
Regiment and on the 30 of the month, the government separated Belgrano from the Army of the North and returned to Buenos Aires, where he was arrested and processed, but in the end his merits and accomplishments were recognized and honored. San Martín, quit four months
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The force was composed of about 1,000 men in two companies with the 1st and 2nd
Patricios Regiments, 3rd Arribeños, 4th Montañeses, and 5th Andaluces, plus the Pardos and Morenos regiments and 50 soldiers of the Buenos Aires regiment, all infantry. The artillery was formed by a group of 60 men with 4
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was named as replacement for
Rondeau. The Army of the North's officers mutinied and told to Rondeau they would only accept orders from him and disregard Alvear's and they asked him to initiate the campaign. Rondeau accepted and ordered the start of the operation in January 1815. During the first ten
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did not make his job easy. He utilized the few friendships with the locals, La Madrid among them, to help with troop recruiting. Crucial in this task was Güemes, who with his troubled personal relations with
Belgrano would force the latter to release him in June before even having had a chance to do
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was decisive, and Tristán surrender unconditionally. 3,700 patriots with 12 pieces of artillery annihilated 3,700 royalists with 10 pieces of artillery, with 480 royalist dead and 114 wounded, while
Belgrano's troops only had 13 dead and 433 wounded. In exchange for the swearing to never again take
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In
January 1816, Lieutenant Colonel Gregorio Aráoz de Lamadrid was sent to the north, but on 31 January was defeated at Culpina. On 2 February he won a victory at Utarango but was later defeated on 12 February by the San Juan river. Rondeau received an order to retreat to Tucumán. The army, almost
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On 31 July the royalist commanders in Córdoba had fled to Upper Peru after the dissolution of their regiments, to join the royalist army there. Liniers was captured on 6 August in the Córdoba highlands along with others officers from his command, who were sent to Buenos Aires against the execution
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The four months he had to reorganize after the victory at Tucumán allowed
Belgrano to double the number of men and improve on training and discipline, even though he lost Holmberg, who had made enemies of other officers and was recalled to Buenos Aires. The lack of a chief of staff with tactical
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regime imposed by Holmberg. Order was strict and Belgrano ordered capital punishment inflicted for whom disobeyed express orders. One of the deserters due to the strict discipline was Venancio Benavídez, who moved to Goyeneche's forces, which had already taken Cochabamba and he told of the harsh
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On 5 November the royalist forces started their march towards Tupiza, so Balcarce left that town the next day, and it was then occupied by 1,200 royalist troops. He stopped at Nazareno, where he received a reinforcement of 200 men from Jujuy with two pieces of artillery. On 7 November they again
710:), 14 pieces of artillery, the "Provisional Cavalry of the Río de la Plata" commanded by Balcarce (after the joining of the Dragoon and the Hussar regiments) and the Cochabamba Regiment. There were also local militias such as the Salta Militia commanded by Güemes. The military comptroller was
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In August 1817 colonel Olañeta launched a new invasion with 1,000 men. On 15 August they fought at the second battle of Humahuaca, resulting in the city being evacuated by colonel Arias. On 12 September they fought at Huacalera, where Arias captured royalist prisoners. On 3 January 1818, the
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After having protected the Argentine north for a year, the Army of the North received orders for a third campaign to Upper Peru (present-day Bolivia). The objective this time was to occupy all of Upper Peru, closing the door on the royalists and therefore establishing the sovereignty of the
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and to the new flag recently created by Belgrano por Belgrano (today's Argentina's flag). With the help of captain Aparicio, a local from the area, allowed them to reach the road to Jujuy through a not-well known road and confront Tristán by his rear on 20 February. After a slow start, the
645:, was part politics and part military; they counted on him to restore the morale on the region and try to disarm the local royalists among the population, many of whom were priests or rich citizens. He was preferred for the post, instead of other more experienced or capable officers as
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experience would be felt later. He received reinforcements from Buenos Aires: 1st Infantry Regiment, commanded by lieutenant colonel Gregorio Perdriel with 395 men, 4 companies of 2nd Infantry Regiment with 360 men commanded by lieutenant colonel Benito Alvarez and 70 to 80 mulattoes.
802:, where a decisive cavalry charge gave the rebels a victory. 1,800 patriots (800 infantry, 900 cavalry and 100 artillery men) defeated 3,000 royalists (2,000 infantry and 1,000 artillery men). The royalists suffered 450 casualties, 687 prisoners and lossof ammunition and
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Objectives were not met and the provinces were left surrounded by potential enemies. British and French could arrive by sea, Portuguese from the East and Spaniards from the North. Had they conquered Upper Peru, the biggest threat, the royalists, would have been ended.
597:, the Junta decided to fund a second expeditionary campaign to Upper Peru with the objective of finally defeating the royalist troops, conquer Upper Peru and avenge the overwhelming defeat at Huaqui, and also to raise the moral of the troops and citizenry.
481:, where the Argentine army obtained its first victory. The battle was favorable to Balcarce even though he again had numerical inferiority (800 royalist against 600 rebels, and in Cotagaita 2,000 royalists against 1,100 rebels). Balcarce earned the rank of
918:. Warnes and Álvarez de Arenales continued with the resistance in Upper Peru but the first one was killed at El Pari, and the latter obtained victory at La Florida (24 May 1814) and Postrer Valley (4 June), but was later defeated at Sumarpata on 5 August.
738:, and he had a new white and light blue flag blessed by the chaplain. The well-planned solemn ceremony helped gain the support of the locals who were distrustful and some supported the royalist army and the dislike of the troops to the
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On 20 June 1811, Castelli violated the armistice and tried to surround the royalist troops crossing the Desaguadero River, Goyeneche ordered and attack (according to other sources he violated the armistice first), at what became the
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Belgrano moved the army to the citadel built by San Martín in the city of Tucumán. There he attempted to rebuild the morale, and materials, in search for a new action in Upper Peru, combining with San Martín actions in the Andes.
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which ended in a defeat for the rebels. The 3,500 men and 9 artillery pieces could not deal with the 5,100 royalists and 23 artillery pieces and had to escape with about 1,000 casualties, while the royalists only counted 32 dead.
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Olañeta made his last incursion into Argentine territory in June 1822, reaching Volcán (40 kilometres (25 mi) north of Jujuy). On 6 December 1822 he left Argentina for the last time, therefore ending the royalist invasion.
548:, which had been abandoned by Pueyrredón when he took the silver treasure from the city, then in Jujuy and finally in Salta's territory, where they would receive help from Güemes and where Balcarce was replaced by Pueyrredón.
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In Salta he found an intelligence net who was passing information to Goyeneche's royalist army, headed by the city's bishop, whom he forced to leave the territories controlled by the Junta. Even though they suffered from
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Balcarce and Castelli were considered responsible for the debacle and were put on trial. Castelli died before sentence was pronounced, and Balcarce absolved and rejoined the fight, this time under the command of
286:. The Junta's order followed its creation documents from 25 May of the same year, which required them to send an expeditionary force to the provinces. It was also in response to the Junta decree that created the
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The fourth campaign was the last attempt to liberate Upper Peru. Belgrano sent troops with the objective of supporting the resistance in Oruro. The army also intervened in this stage in internecine quarrels.
262:, the army was basically a militia. Most of the commanders were civilians or junior officers, put in charge more for their political leanings, status in society or charisma than for their military capacity.
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On 18 March 1817 a troop of 400 soldiers left San Miguel de Tucumán under the command of general La Madrid to advance to Oruro. Once in Upper Peru they were joined by local rebels under the command of
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The Junta started a recruiting drive in Buenos Aires to equip the expeditionary force and created a small army of 1,150 men, which left from Monte de Castro on 6 July 1810 under the command of colonel
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On 1 February 1820 the Army of the North received orders to abandon Tucumán and go to Buenos Aires to fight the autonomist risings. Defense of the northwest was left to the gaucho soldiers of Güemes.
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On 15 April 1821 colonel Guillermo Marquiegui entered Jujuy which he had to abandon a while later. On 27 April they fought at León (12 kilometres (7 mi) north of Yala), where general
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on 19 June. Belgrano named colonel Figueroa as governor of Potosí, colonel Álvarez de Arenales as governor of Cochabamba and colonel Warnes in Santa Cruz. As president of Charcas he named
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and taking side roads bypassed Tres Cruces and Chañi and on 7 June took Salta by surprise, where one of his advance parties wounded Güemes, who died on 17 June 1821 in Chamical. Colonel
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On 11 July 1817, commander Mariano Ricafort reoccupied Tarija and committed acts of vengeance against the local population, ordering the burning of the Cabildo and the Tarija Archives.
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had to do without. The scarcity of arms and supplies forced them to impose strict control and organization. Belgrano spent the first months of his command in establishing a hospital,
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The campaign objectives were partially accomplished. The royalist army was not defeated, but they could contain their advance into northern Argentina and keep the revolution going.
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Well equipped and with high morale, they started on 12 January the march north to Salta, where Tristán had entrenched. A month later, on the margins of the Juramento river (today's
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assumed command of Güemes' army. On 22 June Olañeta took Jujuy and advanced to Salta, where finding himself surrounded, he signed an armistice 14 July and returned to Upper Peru.
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On 26 March, Belgrano received command from Pueyrredón at Yatasto (Salta Province) and immediately advanced towards Jujuy Province, where he established a defensive perimeter.
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with 800 soldiers was sent by Pueyrredón to support the insurrection at Cochabamba in a new attempt to advance on Upper Peru, but were repealed at Nazareno on 12 January 1812.
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and with 4,000 men and 12 pieces of artillery confronted a patriot army with a high morale composed of 3,500 men, 14 pieces of artillery and cavalry mounted mostly on mules.
806:. Tristán was forced to retreat north to Salta, lost his artillery and most of his wagons to the independentist army, who needed the supplies and could put them to good use.
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for Liniers and the Córdoba governor, Juan Gutiérrez de la Concha, lieutenant-governor Victorio Rodríguez, Santiago Alejo de Allende and Joaquín Moreno, but pardoned bishop
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arms against the United Provinces, Belgrano guaranteed Tristán and his men their freedom; took all his arms and supplies, which improved the army's situation considerably.
125:, the last attempt to advance into Upper Peru. Since then, only defensive operations on the Northern frontier were carried on, as the offensive had been transferred to the
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with them could not deal with the strongly armed 6.500 royalist soldiers and suffered their biggest defeat to date. As a consequence of this battle, Goyeneche captured
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orders, but on 26 August they were met in Cabeza de Tigre by the new political command of the Army of the North sent by Moreno. Castelli then ordered and immediate
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With the insurrections in Upper Peru, Balcarce initiated the march towards it with 400 men. The first armed action of the Army of the North in Upper Peru was the
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630:): under the command of Martín Rodríguez, with 264 men. By decree of 26 November 1811, they were incorporated by Belgrano into the Fatherland Dragoons Regiment (
408:
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940:
766:, one of the main revolutionary leaders, was a lawyer and economist; had to improvise himself as a soldier to take charge of the independentist armies sent to
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was commander of the royalist troops. The spontaneous joining of several cabildos augmented Balcarce's troops. In Salta he received more troops, commanded by
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led by the independentist veterans who refused to fight a civil war instead of an independence war, effectively ended the existence of the Army of the North.
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Güemes, unhappy with Rondeau, abandoned the army along with his gaucho forces and returned to Salta, carrying with him many of the supplies left in Jujuy.
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on 27 September where they awaited reinforcement. Meanwhile, rebel scouts, under the command of Colonel Cornelio Zelaya, defeated a royalist squadron at
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653:, both colonels at the time and veterans of many battles. Among the junior officers there were several that would make a name for themselves such as
177:
1001:, abandoning towns that were later occupied by Rondeau's forces, who took control of Potosí and Charcas and established a headquarters at Chayanta.
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The army was thus formed by 6th Infantry Regiment, Battalion of Peru Rifle Huntsmen commanded by Carlos Forest, a battalion of Pardos and Morenos (
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558:
On 26 March 1812 the first campaign of the expeditionary army ended officially when Pueyrredón was replaced by brigadier general Manuel Belgrano.
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1644:
1078:, who helped to stop reinforcements from reaching Tarija's royalist commander, Mateo Ramírez. On 15 April 1817 the rebels were victorious at the
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Second campaign to Upper Peru (1812–1813). Triangles represent the main battles: blue for independentist victories and red for royalist victories
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to last for forty days from 16 May. The army moved from the encampment at La Laja, where they were since April, to the new encampment at Huaqui.
1059:, defeating Juan Francisco Borges's troops at Pitambalá. On 1 January 1817 Borges was executed by firing squad in Santo Domingo by order of the
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where Belgrano established his headquarters and managed to receive reinforcements following the royalist withdrawal after the rebel success at
328:. Vieytes carried instructions to arrange in each province for elections so the people could designate their representative to the new Junta.
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863:, disapproved of this agreement. The royalists attacked by surprise, disregarding the agreement, before the arrival of reinforcements at the
235:
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1417:
371:, gave the coup de grâce to the French officer. By order of the Junta, González Balcarce replaced Ortiz de Ocampo as troop commander, with
747:, decided to advance towards the south and press the advantage. Belgrano ordered conscription of all able men, forming a troop of cavalry
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was named president of the Audiencia de Charcas. On 21 November, a decree from the Primera Junta in Buenos Aires created the 7th Infantry
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The only great battle of the campaign happened on 29 November 1815. When the patriot army was situated north of Venta y Media, nearing
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On 19 February they fought the battle of El Tejar, where the patriot vanguard was surprised by the whole of the royalist army. Colonel
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was named governor, assuming the post that same month. Later they continued their march towards Upper Peru, where the Spanish general
59:
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Light Dragoons of Peru: under the command of lieutenant colonel Antonio González Balcarce, with 305 men. Created on 3 November 1810.
79:
730:. The advanced elements consisting of the battalion of mulattoes and the two cavalry regiments of Hussars and Dragoons, reached
714:. On 1 July 1812, Belgrano created the 8th Infantry Regiment with men from Upper Peru, but it was disbanded after the defeat at
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invaded Yavi again with 2,400 men. On 14 January they occupied Jujuy, but had to evacuate on 16 January and returned to Yavi.
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On 3 November, the Junta created the 3rd Infantry Regiment in the Argentine north, and placed it under the command of colonel
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pieces and 40 veteran artillery men. They were accompanied by two surgeons and two chaplains. The cavalry was divided into 50
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986:, a small village that was occupied by royalists forces. General Rondeau, advanced with 500 men defeating the 300 defenders.
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commanded by Olañeta. They prepared a plan to attack them by surprise, but they failed and the royalists escaped. General
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489:, border of the viceroyalty in colonial times. Due to internal disagreements Castelli had to dismiss Güemes and his
324:. The military command was subject to the political representative and he to the Junta through the Secretary of War
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676:, and only a little more than 600 had firearms. Bayonets were in short supply, so they had to improvise by adding
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and the Pacific Ocean. In 1820 the Army of the North was summoned to intervene in the internal strife between the
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Third Campaign to Upper Peru (1815). Red triangle represents the only important battle, the royalist victory at
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beaten, marched for nine months going through Potosí and Humahuaca until reaching Tucumán. On 7 August 1816 at
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months there were some skirmishes against the royalist troops, but never of the size of the previous campaign.
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301:. After receiving their orders they took the road to Córdoba to confront Liniers. Similar to the armies in the
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Continuing forward with the march into Upper Peru, a reconnaissance group found royalist troops encamped at
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Even though it started as a victory for the rebels the tables turned and they were defeated, retreating to
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734:, while the rest of the army positioned itself in Jujuy. He celebrated there the second anniversary of the
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On 4 August 1824 governor of Salta, general Juan Antonio Álvarez de Arenales, named commandant to general
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The lack of trained military was one of the most pressing difficulties of the revolutionary government in
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Five days later the royalist army arrived, commanded by General Joaquín de la Pezuela, to fight at the
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The offensive operations started in 1810 and ended in 1817, with the defeat of the forces commanded by
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Artillery: under the command of captain Francisco Villanueva, with 10 pieces of artillery and 106 men.
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473:, with the infantry obtained from Buenos Aires and contingents from Tucumán and Santiago del Estero.
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544:) on 13 August 1811. The disorganized remainder of the army retreated south, taking refuge first in
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and the 1838 assassination of Heredia. The war ended in 1839 with a decisive Chilean victory at the
176:. The Army would disband itself without conducting any major operations after the uprising known as
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became part of the new political committee. With Córdoba occupied on 8 August, they replaced their
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This article is about the army of the Spanish American wars of independence. For other uses, see
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was captured with his subordinates. Rodríguez was later released in an exchange of prisoners.
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royalists retreated to Yavi and returned to Upper Peru. A while later Olañeta and colonel
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conditions at Belgrano's army. With that intelligence, Goyeneche, who had just reinforced
172:, a new military corps received the name of Army of the North (1837) under the command of
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with veteran forces from Upper Peru, composed of 12 companies of 100 soldiers each, with
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With central and northwest Argentina free of royalist governors, as also the cabildos of
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Belgrano decided to leave nothing available for the enemy to use as supplies, he used
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and clothing. The relative hostility of the local population over the demands of the
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446:(14 September) professed allegiance to the Junta in Buenos Aires and sent deputies.
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as most of the officers and more than half their soldiers were lost at the battle.
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On 10 December 1816 Belgrano sent La Madrid to quelch the autonomist movement in
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His army's numbers were also low, only about 1,500 men at first, two-thirds were
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When Belgrano took charge, the Army of the North comprised the following units:
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militia recruited to patrol the borders of the territories still controlled by
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2482:
899:
In January 1814, at Tucumán, Manuel Belgrano was replaced by the then colonel
28:
3286:
3218:
3184:
3117:
3017:
2818:
2769:
2739:
2087:
2024:
1884:
775:
275:
270:
What would later become the Army of the North started with troops drafted by
3193:
3022:
2154:
1874:
1090:
791:
779:
305:, they were accompanied by the Junta's representative (political command),
223:
150:
36:
967:
While the troops were being prepared to start the third campaign, general
316:, who reached the army later on 28 July at Fraile Muerto and continued to
310:
1139:
1013:
840:
771:
748:
727:
693:
516:
203:
71:
32:
697:
3122:
3107:
1557:
731:
706:
619:
501:
482:
67:
2927:
836:
545:
184:, so the Peruvian-Bolivian army retreated from Argentine territory.
803:
767:
642:
333:
154:
3052:
830:
754:
3132:
1285:
1131:
1130:
defeated 400 royalists, so Olañeta had to withdraw his forces to
886:
739:
723:
673:
610:
6th (Peruvian) Infantry Regiment commanded by lieutenant colonel
337:
251:
247:
239:
206:(1810–1811). Triangles show battles; red for royalist victories (
75:
1016:
they found the army commanded by General Pezuela and fought the
540:
and Cochabamba after the battle at Amiraya (also known as first
16:
One of the armies of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata
1279:
680:
to their arsenal. Those officers who could not bring their own
537:
522:
490:
463:
2997:
1085:
1007:
878:
681:
677:
623:): commanded by lieutenant colonel José Superí, with 305 men.
317:
142:
114:(1816–1819) and Francisco Fernández de la Cruz (1819–1820).
1241:
952:
138:
641:
Belgrano's task in the north, same as his previous one in
265:
924:
519:'s governor Francisco del Rivero as their new commander.
35:, area of operations of the Army of the North sent from
962:
1486:
O'Donnell notes (comments on the defeat at Vilcapugio)
1225:
appointed in January 1815, he could not assume command
951:. Afterward, they planned to continue the advance to
904:
later for health reasons and was replaced by colonel
817:), the troops were the first to swear loyalty to the
496:
The royalist defenses were left in charge of general
254:). Until 1812, with the arrival of veterans from the
214:
and battle of Amiraya) and blue for rebel victories (
3245:
Historia de Belgrano y de la Independencia Argentina
3176:
997:, the royalist commander, moved his forces back to
320:with a small guard, where he was named governor of
1112:being isolated. Later on they returned to Tupiza.
569:
477:confronted the same troops they had met before at
379:occupied the post of political representative and
1520:
1040:
453:
407:a battalion of Patricios was formed commanded by
282:, who headed a counter-revolutionary movement at
3284:
692:company and in negotiating the manufacturing of
234:, the only troops with some experience were the
133:, who devised the strategy of reaching the main
1179:(14 June 1810 – August 1810) Military commander
1173:(14 June 1810 – August 1810) Political command
1134:. On 7 June he sent 600 infantry under colonel
1118:In February 1820 José Canterac was replaced by
831:Second Upper Peru campaign and retreat to Jujuy
755:Jujuy's exodus and battles of Tucumán and Salta
665:. While in Salta, he would receive the help of
187:
3272:Equestrian monument to General Manuel Belgrano
1470:Reorganization of the Army of the North – 1816
450:, in today's Bolivia, also joined on 25 June.
3068:
2943:
1563:Retroversion of the sovereignty to the people
1506:
1304:Fatherland (Peruvian) Light Dragoons Regiment
1193:(August 1810 – June 1811) Military commander
1187:(August 1810 – June 1811) Political command
523:Defeat at Huaqui and retreat from Upper Peru
485:, and the confidence to advance towards the
375:as his second in command replacing Vieytes.
1298:1st and 2nd Regiments of Patrician Infantry
835:Continuing his march to the north, he took
588:
3298:Military units and formations of Argentina
3075:
3061:
2950:
2936:
1513:
1499:
1478:Peace and the end of the Army of the North
1270:Representative Company, Buenos Aires Regt.
1086:Last royalist invasion and death of Güemes
1008:Defeat at Sipe-Sipe and retreat to Tucumán
870:The royalist army, commanded by brigadier
290:on 29 May, five days after its formation.
1391:Learn how and when to remove this message
982:The following April, the army stopped at
859:in Buenos Aires and the viceroy of Peru,
58:), was one of the armies deployed by the
1604:British invasions of the Río de la Plata
1354:This article includes a list of general
1242:Component units of the Army of the North
1089:
934:
758:
579:
197:
27:
2872:Exposición Internacional del Centenario
1415:Reestructuración del Ejército del Norte
949:United Provinces of the Río de la Plata
367:, who was sent as a prisoner to Luján.
355:. On 8 August they arrived in Córdoba.
266:Army's formation and Liniers' execution
60:United Provinces of the Río de la Plata
3285:
955:to try to liberate the capital of the
925:Third Auxiliary Campaign to Upper Peru
500:, who met with Castelli and signed an
3056:
2957:
2931:
2795:
2437:
2075:
1905:
1860:Argentine Declaration of Independence
1680:
1532:
1494:
1307:7th Regiment of Infantry "Cochabamba"
64:Spanish American wars of independence
2978:British invasions of the River Plate
1588:The Representation of the Landowners
1340:
963:Mutiny and new advance on Upper Peru
3082:
1237:(11 November 1819 – 8 January 1820)
532:. The 5,000 rebel soldiers and the
309:as commissioner and for the army's
168:, between Chile, Argentina and the
13:
3098:Commerce Consulate of Buenos Aires
2877:Copa Centenario Revolución de Mayo
2796:
1360:it lacks sufficient corresponding
1231:(7 August 1816 – 11 November 1819)
278:on 14 June 1810, to fight viceroy
230:and other corps formed during the
147:central government in Buenos Aires
21:Army of the North (disambiguation)
14:
3324:
1444:
1264:5th Infantry Regiment "Andaluces"
1258:3rd Infantry Regiment "Arribenos"
1207:(26 March 1812 – 30 January 1814)
849:Francisco Antonio Ortiz de Ocampo
3131:
2996:
2832:
2616:
2144:
1994:
1731:
1571:
1345:
1323:6th (Peruvian) Infantry Regiment
1080:Battle of la Tablada de Tolomosa
593:In 1812, with the new commander
343:On 14 July the force arrived in
66:. Its objective was freeing the
2243:José Ignacio Fernández Maradona
2076:
1329:Fatherland Hussars and Dragoons
1254:Regiments of Patrician Infantry
570:Second expedition to Upper Peru
2824:Argentine Constitution of 1819
2670:Pedro Ignacio de Castro Barros
2438:
2228:José Antonio Olmos de Aguilera
1778:Second Banda Oriental campaign
1719:Regiment of Mounted Grenadiers
1426:
1405:
1261:4th Mountain Infantry Regiment
1235:Francisco Fernández de la Cruz
1157:as per a request from marshal
1041:Fourth Campaign and Gaucho War
822:independentist victory at the
790:tactics, during the so-called
726:he decided to advance towards
454:First operations in Upper Peru
1:
3308:Military history of Argentina
3293:Argentine War of Independence
3251:Belgranian National Institute
2720:Teodoro Sánchez de Bustamante
1880:Revolution of October 8, 1812
1522:Argentine War of Independence
1336:
1301:6th Regiment of Foot Infantry
1276:Blandengues Cavalry Battalion
1164:
1155:José María Pérez de Urdininea
851:. Knowing that Goyeneche and
712:Teodoro Sánchez de Bustamante
617:Pardos and Morenos Regiment (
202:Map of the first campaign to
2775:Francisco Narciso de Laprida
2402:Antonio González de Balcarce
1655:Baltasar Hidalgo de Cisneros
1267:Pardos and Morenos Regiments
1213:(30 January 1814 – May 1814)
418:(13 June), Salta (19 June),
405:Santiago del Estero Province
383:the comptroller. French and
188:First campaign to Upper Peru
157:leaders. Shortly after, the
50:), contemporaneously called
7:
2725:José Andrés Pacheco de Melo
2650:Justo de Santa María de Oro
2377:Gervasio Antonio de Posadas
2193:José Simón García de Cossio
1906:
1326:Pardos and Morenos Regiment
1201:(June 1811 – 26 March 1812)
663:Gregorio Aráoz de La Madrid
170:Peru-Bolivian Confederation
119:Gregorio Aráoz de La Madrid
10:
3329:
2695:Pedro Francisco de Uriarte
2268:Feliciano Antonio Chiclana
2258:Pedro Francisco de Uriarte
1768:Liniers Counter-revolution
1758:Second Upper Peru campaign
1533:
1219:(May 1814 – 7 August 1816)
1138:from Yavi, who marched to
1076:Francisco Pérez de Uriondo
1047:Fourth Upper Peru campaign
1044:
928:
576:Second Upper Peru campaign
573:
191:
18:
3259:
3231:
3177:2nd Upper Peru expedition
3175:
3147:
3140:
3129:
3090:
3031:
3005:
2994:
2965:
2901:First National Government
2892:
2859:
2841:
2830:
2806:
2802:
2791:
2625:
2614:
2448:
2444:
2433:
2407:Juan Martín de Pueyrredón
2367:
2324:
2316:Juan Martín de Pueyrredón
2291:
2253:Francisco Ortiz de Ocampo
2153:
2142:
2086:
2082:
2071:
2033:
2012:
2003:
1992:
1969:
1923:
1916:
1912:
1901:
1852:
1786:
1763:Third Upper Peru campaign
1753:First Upper Peru campaign
1740:
1729:
1702:
1698:
1676:
1637:
1596:
1580:
1569:
1545:
1541:
1528:
1199:Juan Martín de Pueyrredón
1191:Antonio González Balcarce
1177:Francisco Ortiz de Ocampo
931:Third Upper Peru campaign
393:Juan Martín de Pueyrredón
361:execution by firing squad
299:Antonio González Balcarce
297:, and lieutenant colonel
295:Francisco Ortiz de Ocampo
194:First Upper Peru campaign
96:Juan Martín de Pueyrredón
2680:Mariano Sánchez de Loria
2578:Andrés Pardo de Figueroa
2198:Juan Francisco Tarragona
2046:Francisco Javier de Elío
1741:Campaigns & Theaters
1685:Campaigns & Theaters
1660:Francisco Javier de Elío
1420:16 November 2006 at the
889:arriving on 9 November.
861:José Fernando de Abascal
589:Belgrano assumes command
498:José Manuel de Goyeneche
166:War of the Confederation
2745:Cayetano José Rodríguez
2730:José Ignacio de Gorriti
2608:Pedro Ignacio de Rivera
2223:Juan Ignacio de Gorriti
2218:Francisco de Gurruchaga
1956:Martín Miguel de Güemes
1375:more precise citations.
916:Santa Cruz de la Sierra
819:Constitutional Assembly
401:Martín Miguel de Güemes
397:José de Córdoba y Rojas
3267:National Flag Memorial
2973:Regiment of Patricians
2884:Argentina Bicentennial
2735:Manuel Antonio Acevedo
2700:Esteban Agustín Gazcón
2573:José Miguel de Cabrera
2548:Ramón Eduardo Anchoris
2498:Carlos María de Alvear
2468:Vicente López y Planes
2397:Ignacio Álvarez Thomas
2382:Carlos María de Alvear
2339:Nicolás Rodríguez Peña
2263:Nicolás Rodríguez Peña
2041:Ferdinand VII of Spain
1931:Carlos María de Alvear
1724:Regiment of Patricians
1293:November–December 1810
1223:Carlos María de Alvear
1097:
969:Carlos María de Alvear
943:
783:
585:
381:Bernardo de Monteagudo
219:
55:
47:
39:
3157:Battle of Campichuelo
2518:José Fermín Sarmiento
2450:Assembly of Year XIII
2344:Antonio Álvarez Jonte
2233:Manuel Ignacio Molina
1946:José Gervasio Artigas
1748:Crossing of the Andes
1614:Chuquisaca Revolution
1093:
995:Joaquín de la Pezuela
938:
885:. He then marched to
872:Joaquín de la Pezuela
853:Joaquín de la Pezuela
762:
632:Dragones de la Patria
583:
513:"Cochabamba Regiment"
444:San Salvador de Jujuy
424:San Miguel de Tucumán
409:Juan Francisco Borges
347:, continuing through
340:and 100 blandengues.
258:, that would join as
201:
31:
3209:Battle of Vilcapugio
2867:Argentina Centennial
2765:José Mariano Serrano
2715:Eduardo Pérez Bulnes
2685:Pedro Ignacio Rivera
2645:José Antonio Cabrera
2593:Simón Díaz de Ramila
2583:José Mariano Serrano
2568:Cosme Damián Urtubey
2203:Manuel Felipe Molina
1977:Bernardino Rivadavia
1703:Argentine Combatants
1645:Rafael de Sobremonte
1553:Age of Enlightenment
1462:Güemes and Goyeneche
1436:Portal Planeta Sedna
1128:José Ignacio Gorriti
865:Battle of Vilcapugio
647:Eustaquio Díaz Vélez
628:Húsares de la Patria
626:Fatherland Hussars (
553:Eustaquio Díaz Vélez
3303:Military of Bolivia
3162:Battle of Paraguarí
3103:Telégrafo Mercantil
2675:José Severo Malabia
2655:José Ignacio Thames
2627:Congress of Tucumán
2538:Agustín José Donado
2533:Juan Ramón Balcarce
2508:Bernardo Monteagudo
2503:Tomás Antonio Valle
2173:Miguel de Azcuénaga
2106:Miguel de Azcuénaga
2020:Santiago de Liniers
1650:Santiago de Liniers
1332:Peru Light Dragoons
1120:Juan Ramírez Orozco
1095:Juan Ramírez Orozco
1057:Santiago del Estero
1018:Battle of Sipe-Sipe
957:Viceroyalty of Peru
867:on 1 October 1813.
651:Juan Ramón Balcarce
542:Battle of Sipe Sipe
460:Battle of Cotagaita
428:Santiago del Estero
365:Rodrigo de Orellana
280:Santiago de Liniers
86:. It was headed by
2705:Pedro Miguel Aráoz
2635:Tomás de Anchorena
2588:Ángel Mariano Toro
2558:Francisco Argerich
2417:Juan Pedro Aguirre
2387:Juan José Viamonte
2326:Second Triumvirate
2306:Feliciano Chiclana
2301:Manuel de Sarratea
2273:Atanasio Gutiérrez
2116:Juan José Castelli
1941:José de San Martín
1211:José de San Martín
1185:Juan José Castelli
1098:
984:Puesto del Marqués
944:
901:José de San Martín
784:
586:
534:indigenous peoples
471:Juan José Viamonte
442:(4 September) and
377:Juan José Castelli
373:Juan José Viamonte
314:Feliciano Chiclana
272:Juan José Castelli
228:Patricios Regiment
220:
131:José de San Martín
123:Battle of Sopachuy
104:José de San Martín
92:Juan José Castelli
70:Northwest and the
48:Ejército del Norte
40:
3280:
3279:
3227:
3226:
3214:Battle of Ayohuma
3199:Battle of Tucumán
3189:Flag of Argentina
3167:Battle of Tacuarí
3149:Paraguay campaign
3050:
3049:
3040:Memoria autógrafa
2988:Army of the North
2959:Cornelio Saavedra
2925:
2924:
2921:
2920:
2917:
2916:
2787:
2786:
2783:
2782:
2665:Gerónimo Salguero
2640:Juan Agustín Maza
2598:Gregorio Ferreira
2473:José Julián Pérez
2429:
2428:
2425:
2424:
2369:Supreme Directors
2349:José Julián Pérez
2293:First Triumvirate
2213:José Julián Pérez
2163:Cornelio Saavedra
2096:Cornelio Saavedra
2067:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2059:
2058:
1990:
1989:
1936:Cornelio Saavedra
1897:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1773:Paraguay campaign
1714:Army of the North
1709:Army of the Andes
1672:
1671:
1668:
1667:
1619:La Paz revolution
1401:
1400:
1393:
1144:José Enrique Vidt
1136:José María Valdés
1103:José María Valdez
1072:José María Avilés
894:Battle of Ayohuma
800:Battle of Tucumán
686:military tribunal
487:Desaguadero River
322:Salta and Tucumán
303:French Revolution
232:British invasions
174:Alejandro Heredia
127:Army of the Andes
56:Ejército del Perú
44:Army of the North
3320:
3313:1810s in Bolivia
3145:
3144:
3135:
3091:Political career
3077:
3070:
3063:
3054:
3053:
3006:Political career
3000:
2983:Mutiny of Álzaga
2952:
2945:
2938:
2929:
2928:
2836:
2804:
2803:
2793:
2792:
2750:José Darragueira
2710:Tomás Godoy Cruz
2690:Pedro León Gallo
2620:
2513:Mariano Perdriel
2493:Gervasio Posadas
2458:Hipólito Vieytes
2446:
2445:
2435:
2434:
2354:Gervasio Posadas
2248:Hipólito Vieytes
2238:Marcelino Poblet
2148:
2084:
2083:
2073:
2072:
2051:Martín de Álzaga
2010:
2009:
1998:
1921:
1920:
1914:
1913:
1903:
1902:
1735:
1700:
1699:
1678:
1677:
1624:Mutiny of Álzaga
1575:
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1376:
1371:this article by
1362:inline citations
1349:
1348:
1341:
1247:July–August 1810
1171:Hipólito Vieytes
1068:Eustaquio Méndez
1061:Tucumán Congress
977:Martín Rodríguez
688:, supply corps,
530:Battle of Huaqui
307:Hipólito Vieytes
284:Córdoba Province
274:by order of the
88:Hipólito Vieytes
3328:
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3319:
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3223:
3204:Battle of Salta
3171:
3141:Military career
3136:
3127:
3086:
3084:Manuel Belgrano
3081:
3051:
3046:
3043:(Autobiography)
3027:
3001:
2992:
2966:Military Career
2961:
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2926:
2913:
2888:
2855:
2837:
2828:
2814:Operations plan
2798:
2779:
2621:
2612:
2440:
2421:
2363:
2320:
2287:
2283:Joaquín Campana
2149:
2140:
2111:Manuel Belgrano
2078:
2055:
2029:
1999:
1986:
1965:
1951:Manuel Belgrano
1908:
1889:
1865:Arequito Revolt
1848:
1782:
1736:
1727:
1694:
1664:
1633:
1592:
1576:
1567:
1546:Political ideas
1537:
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1519:
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1466:
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1422:Wayback Machine
1411:
1410:
1406:
1397:
1386:
1380:
1377:
1367:Please help to
1366:
1350:
1346:
1339:
1320:Artillery Group
1273:Artillery Group
1244:
1229:Manuel Belgrano
1205:Manuel Belgrano
1167:
1088:
1049:
1043:
1010:
965:
933:
927:
839:on 21 June and
833:
824:Battle of Salta
764:Manuel Belgrano
757:
614:, with 613 men.
595:Manuel Belgrano
591:
578:
572:
525:
456:
438:(1 September),
268:
256:Napoleonic Wars
196:
190:
178:North Coalition
159:Arequito Revolt
129:, commanded by
112:Manuel Belgrano
100:Manuel Belgrano
24:
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12:
11:
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3232:Historiography
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3113:May Revolution
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3032:Historiography
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3013:May Revolution
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2851:Historiography
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2807:Related topics
2800:
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2797:Related topics
2789:
2788:
2785:
2784:
2781:
2780:
2778:
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2772:
2767:
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2760:Juan José Paso
2757:
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2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
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2672:
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2662:
2660:José Colombres
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788:scorched earth
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667:Baron Holmberg
659:Manuel Dorrego
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288:Argentine Army
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3194:Jujuy Exodus
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3023:Junta Grande
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2860:Celebrations
2478:Pedro Agrelo
2412:José Rondeau
2392:José Rondeau
2155:Junta Grande
1875:Jujuy Exodus
1853:Other events
1713:
1682:Combatants
1483:(in Spanish)
1475:(in Spanish)
1467:(in Spanish)
1459:(in Spanish)
1451:(in Spanish)
1433:(in Spanish)
1428:
1412:(in Spanish)
1407:
1387:
1378:
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1313:
1292:
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1252:1st and 2nd
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1217:José Rondeau
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815:Salado River
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792:Jujuy Exodus
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780:Buenos Aires
774:. Statue in
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224:Buenos Aires
221:
163:
137:stronghold,
116:
108:José Rondeau
52:Army of Peru
51:
43:
41:
37:Buenos Aires
25:
2543:Pedro Vidal
2488:Juan Larrea
2483:José Moldes
2359:Juan Larrea
2278:Juan Alagón
2183:Juan Larrea
2126:Juan Larrea
2077:Governments
1824:San Lorenzo
1373:introducing
883:Tambo Nuevo
430:(29 June),
426:(26 June),
422:(25 June),
311:comptroller
236:Blandengues
164:During the
153:provincial
78:) from the
3287:Categories
2439:Congresses
1844:Vilcapugio
1356:references
1337:References
1315:March 1812
1165:Commanders
1140:Purmamarca
1014:Cochabamba
914:liberated
845:Pequereque
841:Vilcapugio
772:Upper Peru
749:irregulars
728:Cochabamba
716:Vilcapugio
694:ammunition
564:San Martín
517:Cochabamba
509:Pueyrredón
493:soldiers.
434:(7 July),
244:indigenous
204:Upper Peru
141:, through
72:Upper Peru
54:(Spanish:
46:(Spanish:
33:Upper Peru
3260:Monuments
3123:Inca plan
3108:Carlotism
2005:Royalists
1799:Chacabuco
1558:Carlotism
1454:Regiments
941:Sipe-Sipe
732:Humahuaca
707:mulattoes
620:mulattoes
502:armistice
483:brigadier
440:Catamarca
353:Pergamino
208:Cotagaita
68:Argentine
3185:Creation
2908:Flag day
2034:Civilian
2013:Military
1970:Civilian
1924:Military
1917:Patriots
1829:Suipacha
1418:Archived
857:Assembly
804:materiel
768:Paraguay
740:Prussian
701:combat.
698:porteños
643:Paraguay
551:General
507:General
479:Suipacha
436:La Rioja
432:San Juan
416:San Luis
334:dragoons
260:officers
246:people (
216:Suipacha
155:caudillo
149:and the
135:royalist
106:(1814),
90:(1810),
80:royalist
3187:of the
1907:Leaders
1839:Tucumán
1834:Tacuarí
1794:Ayohuma
1688:Battles
1581:Economy
1369:improve
1286:Dragoon
1132:Tilcara
1031:Trancas
887:Ayohuma
724:malaria
674:cavalry
420:Mendoza
389:cabildo
338:hussars
252:ranquel
248:mapuche
240:lancers
121:at the
76:Bolivia
62:in the
2843:Legacy
1804:Huaqui
1691:Events
1597:Events
1535:Causes
1358:, but
1280:Hussar
837:Potosí
682:sabers
678:lances
546:Potosí
538:La Paz
491:gaucho
464:Tupiza
448:Tarija
351:, and
212:Huaqui
182:Yungay
1819:Salta
1809:Maipú
1288:Troop
1282:Troop
1159:Sucre
999:Oruro
879:Macha
403:. In
349:Salto
345:Luján
336:, 50
318:Salta
143:Chile
1074:and
953:Lima
770:and
661:and
391:and
250:and
139:Lima
42:The
649:or
3289::
1070:,
1063:.
959:.
908:.
657:,
634:).
566:.
466:.
411:.
238:,
210:,
3076:e
3069:t
3062:v
2951:e
2944:t
2937:v
1514:e
1507:t
1500:v
1394:)
1388:(
1383:)
1379:(
1365:.
794:(
782:)
778:(
218:)
23:.
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