371:"as a free and sovereign province (Córdoba) does not know dependency nor owes subordination to another; and sees as one of its principal obligations the fraternity and union with all and the most close friendship with the provinces, while all united in a General Congress abide by the treaties for a true federation in peace and in war, which aspires to the conformity of all the others. Which will respond with all its efforts and what depended on its resources to fight the enemies of common freedom, even when the federation had not yet been organized in the provinces...."
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416:
Bustos then dedicated himself to govern and organize the province, and he mediated between López and the Buenos Aires
Province government, who were still fighting each other. He sent Colonel Heredia with a portion of the army to the provinces of the north, as an advance party of the promised march to
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In effect, the rebellion of the Army of the North permitted the provinces to impose their will for the first time over the central government in Buenos Aires, made the odd and almost monarchist
Unitarian Party constitution of 1819 disappear, permitted the birth of the autonomous government in Buenos
448:
The
Arequito Revolt was reported by early historians in a bad light. The chronicles by Lamadrid and Paz called it treason to the motherland or an obscure event organized to place Bustos in the Córdoba government house and nothing more. Historians in the second half of the 19th century, starting with
461:
Many years later, the school of
Argentina historical revisionism started to see the Arequito Revolt with different eyes. Also, Córdoba historians valued their first autonomous governors, who had supported or participated in the events. In the mid-20th century, with the historical revisionism firmly
337:
Bustos ordered
Heredia to pursue his former commander, which occurred when he was already surrounded by López's federalist troops (they were already in Santa Fe Province, a federalist stronghold). Seeing that he could not continue forward, Fernández de la Cruz decided to give his army to Bustos and
111:
The cities from the interior of the country, in the name of their respective territories, insistently requested to have equal participation in the national government and to elect their own local governments. For years, the different governments from Buenos Aires made an effort in the opposite way.
329:
in the middle of the night, traveled to a short distance from Fernández de la Cruz encampment, and decided to negotiate with him. They told him that they refused to continue with the civil war and to go back to the northern front against the royalists instead. They explicitly declared themselves
270:
The bulk of the Army of the North was established in Córdoba to the annoyance of many of their members, as it was far from the royalist enemies. In April, a peace treaty signed between the governments of Buenos Aires and Santa Fe gave hopes of a solution to the internal quarrels, and the offices
179:. The central government vehemently denied them the right of separation, as its territory was the obligatory route of communication with the interior of the country. No less than five military expeditions were launched from Buenos Aires to crush Santa Fe's resistance, but none of them succeeded.
469:
Possibly, if the Army of the North would have followed its path to the north, the war between Buenos Aires and the federalists from the
Litoral provinces would have lasted much longer, and the inevitable formation of a modern federalist Argentine nation would have been more difficult.
397:
While in Córdoba, Bustos learned of the end of the
Directorship, and he started a campaign to reorganize the country, delaying the return of the Northern Army to the northern border. At the same time, interim Governor Díaz announced that he was thinking of an association with the
345:
The next day, Bustos started his return to Córdoba, and on
January 12, he reached Esquina, at Córdoba's border. He wrote to López and Rondeau from there to explain what had occurred and his plans to return to the fight in the north. In one of those letters he clarified:
262:
with a double attack. While an army attacked from the south, a division of the Army of the North would advance from the west. The quick reaction of
Estanislao López dislodged the offensive. López captured the commander of the west column from Córdoba,
333:
Bustos demanded to receive half of their armament, munitions, and head of cattle, which Cruz seemed to accept at the beginning. However, at noon, he started a march towards the south although the promised goods had not been delivered.
466:
Aires
Province, equalized the rights of the people, and opened the way for an equal treatment and relations between the provinces (a path that would prove to be difficult, as it would take 50 years of more civil wars in Argentina).
462:
established and the apogee of the historical overvaluation of San Martín, who also had refused to participate in the civil war, the Arequito Revolt was seen as an important step in the formation of modern Argentina.
457:
accused him of both. Nobody dared to defend Bustos and his followers, and as the defeat of the federalist party in the civil wars carried forward their enemies, that point of view was the one which survived.
330:
neutral in the conflict between the Federalists and the Directory to avoid being accused of having supported the enemy. Bustos then had about 1,600 men, and Fernández de la Cruz, slightly fewer than 1,400.
350:"The weapons of the motherland, distracted from their main objective, as they were not used but to spill the blood of their citizens, the same ones from which sweat and labor insured their subsistence."
274:
The treaty pacified its signatories, but Artigas, who considered himself as López's superior, and the Directorio were displeased. Artigas wanted the national government to unite against the
301:
and invaded the north of Buenos Aires Province, later retreating. Rondeau organised his army in the capital and marched to meet the threat. The Army of the North entered Santa Fe Province.
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All governors were appointed directly by the central government, and the city of Buenos Aires had a representation that was always greater than the rest in the assemblies that followed.
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Caudillos (Santa Fé, Entre Ríos and Corrientes Provinces) in their fight against Buenos Aires; that is, the signing of some alliance pact with
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The reaction of the interior provinces was surprisingly slow but inevitable. The first effective response to the porteño control came from the
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had recently resigned and a new interim governor, José Javier Díaz, the chief of the local Federalists was elected. An assembly declared:
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denied the capital the right to govern his province. In 1815, after more than a year of civil war, he gained complete control of the
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by citing the argument that when the king's governance ceased, its rights reverted to the people. After the dissolution of the
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That was not Bustos's objective and so he actively opposed Díaz's policies. Looking for allies, he reached the Federalists of
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decided to use the army to suppress internal rebellions in 1816. A fraction of the army was used to reinstate the governor of
230:. In theory, its mission was to wait until the conditions permitted to restart the reconquest of the provinces in Upper Peru.
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organized in Buenos Aires exclusively, and the national governments that followed them were invariably named by the
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because of pressure from López and Ramírez, Buenos Aires designated a provincial governor who signed the
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and then succeeded in repelling the attack from the south. Another similar attempt was thwarted in 1819.
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That means the same sentiments that Bustos and the other participants of the Arequito rebellion had.
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clearly desired to dominate the country, with as little input from the other cities as possible.
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native tribes and the following year to repel the combined attack of Francisco Ramírez and
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returned to Buenos Aires almost alone and followed by only a few loyal officers like
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and was thoroughly defeated. Only a week later, he resigned and dissolved the
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The remaining forces were used for the defense of the province against the
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247:. A little later, another part of the army helped deposed the governor of
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68:. Their intention was to return to the front of the war against the
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elected its own governor, José Javier Díaz, a follower of Artigas.
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His example was followed by the bordering provinces, starting with
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Rondeau confronted Ramírez and López with its own forces at the
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and was one of the main causes of the centralist defeat at the
152:, where several caudillos deposed the governors placed by the
115:
On the other hand, several of the central governments fell by
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and, at the beginning of the following year, the governor of
54:, January 8, 1820), was a military revolt by officers of the
313:, on January 8, 1820, General Bustos, supported by Colonels
164:
followed and ended its obedience to the central government.
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through which they recused themselves from the fight in the
359:
After meeting with López's envoys at La Herradura, by the
321:, directed the military rebellion. The arrested Colonels
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was formed to fight the War of Independence against the
629:
Historia de Belgrano y de la independencia argentina
552:
Arequito: ¿por qué se sublevó el Ejército del Norte?
271:believed they would go back to the northern front.
186:established an autonomous government under General
674:
577:Núñez, M. (1975). "Bustos, el caudillo olvidado".
425:in the rebellion against the governor of Tucumán.
205:
594:
226:, it was left weakened and with a single base at
1050:
554:(in Spanish). Buenos Aires: Ed. Círculo Militar.
505:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
87:
160:as the leader in the province. A little later,
92:The successive Argentine governments since the
660:
297:By the order of Artigas, Ramírez crossed the
563:(in Spanish). Buenos Aires: Ed. La Bastilla.
572:(in Spanish). Buenos Aires: Ed. Plus Ultra.
558:
294:, who initiated a march towards the south.
194:refused the replacement of their governor,
667:
653:
609:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
635:
536:Learn how and when to remove this message
96:tried to govern all the provinces of the
631:(in Spanish). Buenos Aires: Ed. Estrada.
567:
27:Military revolt by the Army of the North
988:United Provinces of the Río de la Plata
549:
14:
1051:
640:(in Spanish). Buenos Aires: Ed. Solar.
590:(in Spanish). Buenos Aires: Ed. Emecé.
182:The Northern provinces followed suit,
648:
626:
617:
576:
676:Argentine Civil Wars (1814–76)
595:Aráoz de Lamadrid, Gregorio (1895).
477:
443:
278:, who had invaded his province from
222:, but after the third defeat at the
622:(in Spanish). Buenos Aires: Sopena.
585:
24:
620:Historia de la República Argentina
98:Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata
25:
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972:Pact of San José de Flores (1859)
561:Entre la monarquía y la república
354:
482:
1028:Revolution of 11 September 1852
473:
206:Army of the North and civil war
1038:Argentine Constitution of 1853
13:
1:
636:Busaniche, José Luis (1969).
618:López, Vicente Fidel (1954).
559:López Rosas, José R. (1981).
88:Federalism in Río de la Plata
1059:History of Santa Fe Province
386:. There was not to be a new
282:. The new Supreme Director,
245:Santiago del Estero Province
7:
1003:Revolution of the Restorers
599:(in Spanish). Buenos Aires.
581:(in Spanish). Buenos Aires.
579:Cuadernos de revista Crisis
251:and support his successor.
10:
1095:
993:League of the Free Peoples
962:Protocol of Palermo (1852)
831:Domingo Faustino Sarmiento
821:Gregorio Aráoz de Lamadrid
980:
929:
843:
791:Juan Martín de Pueyrredón
776:
693:
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627:Mitre, Bartolomé (1947).
568:Bischoff, Efraín (1989).
304:
586:Paz, José María (2000).
491:This article includes a
167:The dissent followed to
1013:Argentine Confederation
550:Serrano, Mario (1996).
520:more precise citations.
423:Martín Miguel de Güemes
816:Juan Esteban Pedernera
786:Carlos María de Alvear
394:with the Federalists.
373:
352:
327:Manuel Guillermo Pinto
254:In 1818, the director
39:
1033:State of Buenos Aires
916:Pozo de Vargas (1867)
866:Márquez Bridge (1829)
753:Justo José de Urquiza
703:José Gervasio Artigas
404:José Gervasio Artigas
369:
365:Manuel Antonio Castro
348:
175:, later succeeded by
1023:Freemen of the South
952:Cañuelas Pact (1829)
947:Quadrilateral (1822)
896:Laguna Limpia (1846)
801:Bernardino Rivadavia
758:Ricardo López Jordán
748:Juan Manuel de Rosas
723:Juan Bautista Bustos
417:resume war with the
406:, Ramírez or López.
265:Juan Bautista Bustos
258:decided to suppress
78:Supreme Directorship
1064:Argentine Civil War
1018:Uruguayan Civil War
957:Federal Pact (1831)
881:Sauce Grande (1840)
570:Historia de Córdoba
455:Vicente Fidel López
438:José Miguel Carrera
384:Congress of Tucumán
162:Corrientes Province
967:San Nicolás (1852)
921:Don Gonzalo (1873)
638:Historia argentina
493:list of references
196:José de San Martín
143:Provincia Oriental
1074:1820 in Argentina
1069:Conflicts in 1820
1046:
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871:La Tablada (1829)
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738:Alejandro Heredia
718:Francisco Ramírez
588:Memorias póstumas
546:
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444:Historical review
411:Juan Pablo Bulnes
315:Alejandro Heredia
288:Army of the Andes
260:Santa Fe Province
241:La Rioja Province
212:Army of the North
169:Santa Fe Province
158:Francisco Ramírez
123:of Buenos Aires.
56:Army of the North
48:Santa Fe Province
40:Motín de Arequito
16:(Redirected from
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861:San Roque (1829)
713:Estanislao López
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380:Battle of Cepeda
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937:Pilar (1820)
911:Pavón (1861)
806:Juan Lavalle
796:José Rondeau
708:Mariano Vera
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512:Please help
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309:Arriving at
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299:Paraná River
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284:José Rondeau
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173:Mariano Vera
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139:José Artigas
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117:coups d'état
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106:Buenos Aires
102:Junta Grande
91:
63:
62:against the
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826:Pedro Ferré
695:Federalists
518:introducing
1053:Categories
778:Unitarians
276:Portuguese
256:Pueyrredón
236:Directorio
220:Upper Peru
150:Entre Ríos
74:Upper Peru
687:(leaders)
605:cite book
419:royalists
224:Sipe Sipe
154:Directory
70:royalists
65:federales
60:civil war
52:Argentina
1079:Mutinies
981:See also
930:Treaties
685:involved
597:Memorias
400:Littoral
340:Lamadrid
311:Arequito
136:caudillo
44:Arequito
844:Battles
683:Parties
514:improve
228:Tucumán
200:Córdoba
156:; with
132:Uruguay
121:cabildo
36:Spanish
430:Pampas
305:Revolt
280:Brazil
198:, and
190:, the
188:Güemes
499:, or
434:Chaco
184:Salta
130:(now
611:link
453:and
432:and
325:and
317:and
233:The
210:The
30:The
218:in
72:in
42:) (
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603:{{
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