529:
mid-ranking party leaders dead, imprisoned, exiled, or having defected. Rural populations had also begun to resist the caudillos' efforts at mass mobilization which had a dramatic impact on the size of
Federalist armies. The success of the national state, and the lack of free labor as a result of the newly formed national army, contributed significantly to the fall of the Federalist party and political movement. Much of the Federalist leadership became convinced that the new Argentine order, based around a strong central power, was inevitable and sought accommodation and political settlement with the Unitarians. Lacking the military numbers or the economic clout to put up a fight, much of the Federalist power structure collapsed in these later years. Some caudillos and former generals were allowed to stay in Argentina, though many were exiled to Chile in the 1880s.
515:, gauchos were itinerant horsemen of the pampas with their own customs and folklore. Due to Argentina's chronic labor shortages, the caudillos' ability to galvanize the large gaucho population was vital to their economic interests and to their capacity to field armies and militias. Living outside of the national census and only occasionally joining the traditional labor force, gauchos were ideal soldiers in the Argentine civil wars due to their knowledge of the terrain, their culture of violence, and a pervasive lack of knowledge in Buenos Aires about the actual number of gauchos in the countryside. The prospect of monetary reward, as well as long-standing patron-client relationships and adherence to various cults of personality regarding the caudillos, fueled these mobilizations. As caudillos began increasingly rounding up gauchos for work on their
36:
1304:
247:
498:
the provinces and his fellow caudillos. At the end of his term, Rosas left office and embarked on a military campaign to suppress
Argentina's indigenous population and secure the western frontier. Following a military coup in Buenos Aires, Rosas was asked to return as Governor. He accepted the offer, returning to the office and beginning a brutal campaign of political repression.
593:, the Unitarians of Buenos Aires broke away from the interior provinces after Urquiza nationalized customs receipts and allowed free flow of trade on the Parana and Uruguay rivers. In 1859, Buenos Aires was forced to accept the federal constitution of 1853 after six years of secession. This was because on October 23,
519:
and as the pampas were settled, the nomadic gaucho lifestyle grew strained. Many retreated to the wilds of
Argentina's west or joined Rosas' army in Buenos Aires following the civil war. Gauchos culture, with no domesticity to anchor, soon disappeared and the free-roaming cattlemen became the subject
460:
to form both agricultural labor forces and large-scale militias. Typically divorced from politics in the metropolitan capital of Buenos Aires, caudillos disdained the rising tide of urban liberalism and sought to form their own autonomous fiefdoms in the
Argentine interior using the region's history
506:
Led by the caudillos were the
Argentine gauchos, a group demographically defined by their nomadic lifestyle in Argentina's interior as well as by their mixed heritage. Typically illiterate and lacking formal education, the gauchos remain a romanticized figure in the mythology of Argentina and were
497:
for a number of years before finally consolidating power in Buenos Aires. In this time, Rosas would go on to gain a monopoly on military manpower. He signed the
Federal Pact three years later, essentially transforming the unitary Argentina into a confederation with significant autonomy allotted to
477:
in Buenos Aires as a threat to the existing power structure in
Argentina. Foreign investment from the United States and European powers and foreign ownership of Argentine assets were seen as analogous to the spread of European ideas while at the same time undermining the caudillos' share of the
537:
Also in 1829, Juan Manuel de Rosas, the boss of a troop of Gaucho
Federalists, became governor of Buenos Aires after defeating General Lavalle, who was then forced into exile. Although Rosas was a Federalist, he kept the customs receipts of Buenos Aires under the exclusive control of the city,
528:
Federalism was a dominant force in
Argentina, and especially in the La Rioja region of the country, through much of the early and mid-nineteenth century, yet had almost entirely disappeared by the late 1870s. The wars of the 1860s had decimated the Federalist leadership, with numerous high and
403:
allowed for a balance between the ideas of
Unitarians and Federalists: “It provided for a centralized national authority while leaving the provinces with considerable local powers.” However, the constitution was rejected by provincial caudillos, military leaders, and the conflict continued.
456:. These personalistic leaders governed through patron-client relationships, relying on rural masses for income and, in return, granting a measure of power and influence through association. These regional strongmen regularly used their patron status to mobilize huge numbers of nomadic
335:
Its leaders were charismatic local caudillos who had great roots and prestige among the rural popular sectors, made up of farm laborers, free gauchos and freedmen. These federal chiefs defended the idea that each province should have its own government, laws, and lifestyle.
448:, a class of wealthy rural elite who benefited from protectionist trade and tariff policies due to their dependence on agriculture and exports for wealth and influence. Pioneering figures, many caudillos became symbols of Argentina's wild
597:
was defeated at Cepeda by Urquiza. However, the federal constitution was “amended to allow Buenos Aires greater influence.” After the Battle of Pavón, Mitre was chosen president of a new national government.
1480:
383:, which was followed by several months of anarchy. However, the Unitarios were forced to sign a treaty with other provinces. This did not solve the conflicts between the Federalists and the Unitarians.
1405:
1351:
156:
1506:
1536:
1511:
1361:
305:
The federalists advocated a form of political organization that would ensure coexistence between autonomous provinces and a central government with limited powers. They took as a model the
473:
of Buenos Aires were prominent caudillo leaders and used their personalistic influence to consolidate rural bases of power. These caudillo leaders rejected the unitary power structure and
1369:
1289:
1267:
1475:
478:
export and agriculture economy. Tariffs and strict price controls allowed them to remain powerful economic actors. Until unification pacts were signed in order to fight the
428:
in order to defeat the Federalists, easily taking power in nine provinces. The Federalist governments of Buenos Aires, Santa Fe, Entre Ríos and Corrientes, united under the
379:, known as the Federalists. These were evident at least as early as the declaration of Argentine independence in 1816. The Unitarios lost their controlling power after the
581:
was signed by the provincial governors. The pact reinstated the treaty signed in 1831 by Argentina and the interior provinces and called for a constitutional convention.
1556:
1134:
1099:
1139:
1089:
1356:
1180:
1094:
538:
whereas the other provinces expected to have a part of the revenue. Rosas considered that this was a fair measure because only Buenos Aires was paying the
1282:
1074:
1716:
709:
320:
is considered by his detractors as a "dictator". Among the various possible ways of characterizing him, his supporters call him a "man of order."
1701:
493:
in 1829. Independently wealthy as a result of massive inherited landholdings and with no serious rivals, Rosas had led the Federalist party as a
1711:
1297:
1275:
1445:
885:
1721:
760:
1665:
1501:
432:, confronted Paz and his troops on May 31, 1831. The Unitarios were defeated after Paz was captured by the troops of Santa Fe Governor,
1726:
1591:
1206:
352:
1706:
1516:
161:
1470:
1374:
482:
under Juan Manuel de Rosas, caudillos were primarily independent with their influence confined to their regional bases of power.
1435:
1298:
262:
801:
1485:
1379:
689:
17:
1675:
1460:
302:
supported the autonomy of the provincial governments and the distribution of external commerce taxes among the provinces.
1621:
1465:
738:
1611:
1455:
1531:
878:
79:
57:
50:
1581:
1576:
1440:
1425:
1346:
1246:
590:
936:
1256:
1009:
400:
1450:
348:
332:, limiting the entry of foreign merchandise and protecting local productions by imposing tariffs on imports.
1190:
1039:
1696:
1626:
1571:
1546:
1400:
871:
181:
725:
1221:
986:
1084:
558:
1561:
1049:
1616:
1331:
976:
152:
1004:
1410:
1384:
1336:
490:
44:
1185:
971:
921:
617:
578:
562:
126:
110:
1606:
1541:
1341:
1231:
1124:
1114:
1069:
761:"Cudes | Instituto de Cultura | Con Rosas o contra Rosas: Una polémica siempre vigente"
656:
380:
1586:
1034:
629:
376:
295:
267:
61:
570:
1670:
1420:
1251:
913:
372:
339:
Except for Rosas, they defended the free navigation of the interior rivers by foreign ships.
291:
257:
1109:
1104:
787:
1526:
1521:
1241:
1165:
1019:
966:
941:
894:
641:
486:
466:
462:
392:
317:
207:
122:
1631:
8:
1566:
1430:
1236:
1079:
1029:
453:
425:
931:
433:
215:
1129:
961:
625:
620:'s betrayal and defeat over the governor of Buenos Aires, Juan Manuel de Rosas at the
594:
1160:
1119:
956:
685:
621:
574:
494:
474:
1601:
1596:
1551:
1226:
417:
413:
1170:
1660:
1647:
1321:
1216:
1155:
996:
951:
863:
479:
396:
364:
287:
118:
1014:
946:
613:
470:
368:
114:
1044:
1690:
981:
651:
539:
508:
329:
310:
195:
677:. Encyclopædia Britannica. 2008. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 5 Nov. 2008
671:. Encyclopædia Britannica. 2008. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 3 Nov. 2008
1211:
1175:
1024:
926:
646:
601:
Opposition to the Unitarios continued until 1890 under the Córdoba League.
554:
543:
429:
187:
173:
674:
668:
489:, Juan Manuel de Rosas rose to prominence after attaining the position of
557:
attempted to take military action against Rosas, but was defeated at the
553:
Afterward, a series of civil wars ensued that lasted nearly two decades.
191:
788:"Unitarios y Federales - ¿Quienes fueron?, características, diferencias"
726:
http://biblioteca.clacso.edu.ar/clacso/otros/20130610085809/ANSALDI.pdf
306:
283:
220:
203:
1303:
516:
445:
282:
was the nineteenth century Argentine political party that supported
1415:
512:
360:
199:
246:
457:
461:
of violence and anarchy to justify swift and brutal repression.
547:
546:
loan to Rivadavia, the war of independence and the war against
449:
371:
of 1810, disagreements arose between the dominant province of
444:
Argentina's Federalist party was primarily led by landowning
356:
802:"Rosas: El caudillo que gobernó para la élite terrateniente"
782:
780:
778:
776:
774:
772:
770:
298:
of the custom taxes benefits of the Buenos Aires port. The
721:
719:
511:. Similar in lifestyle to American cowboys or the Iberian
767:
233:
737:
Argüello, Santiago; Cavallo, Yanela (14 October 2020).
716:
520:
of predatory labor policies issued from Buenos Aires.
1486:
Justicialist Front for National Liberation (FREJULI)
1446:
Revolutionary and Popular Indo-american Front (FRIP)
316:
The view on its historical leader is controversial.
1299:
Former political parties and alliances in Argentina
359:royalists who attempted to regain control of their
1517:Alliance for Work, Justice and Education (ALIANZA)
893:
739:"Liberalismo y Federalismo: De Constant a Alberdi"
1688:
736:
399:gained control for a short period of time. The
1283:
879:
561:in 1829. With support from other provinces,
375:, who were known as Unitarios, and the other
1532:Front for a Country in Solidarity (FREPASO)
1461:Socialist Party of the National Left (PSIN)
507:immortalized in José Hernández' epic poem,
1290:
1276:
886:
872:
851:
849:
847:
845:
843:
323:
245:
1537:Argentines for a Republic of Equals (ARI)
1456:Argentine Socialist Vanguard Party (PSAV)
743:Revista de Historia Americana y Argentina
523:
290:that claimed a centralised government of
80:Learn how and when to remove this message
1717:Political parties disestablished in 1868
1431:Radical Civic Union of the People (UCRP)
710:"La Argentina de Rosas / Fernando Operé"
616:of 1810, diminished with the Federalist
43:This article includes a list of general
1426:Intransigent Radical Civic Union (UCRI)
1207:United Provinces of the Río de la Plata
840:
821:
819:
817:
815:
813:
811:
584:
353:United Provinces of the Río de la Plata
14:
1702:Defunct political parties in Argentina
1689:
1451:Union of the Argentine People (UDELPA)
1406:Radical Civic Union (Junta Renovadora)
1712:Political parties established in 1816
1352:National Autonomist Party (Modernist)
1271:
867:
532:
294:, with no participation of the other
1512:Autonomist-Liberal Pact (Corrientes)
1481:Revolutionary Popular Alliance (APR)
895:Argentine Civil Wars (1814–76)
808:
604:The several armed conflicts between
501:
29:
1722:1868 disestablishments in Argentina
837:The Invention of Argentina, Shumway
577:on February 3, 1852. That May, the
439:
407:
27:Former political party in Argentina
24:
1676:Argentine active political parties
684:. University of California Press.
49:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
1738:
1727:Conservative parties in Argentina
1562:Civic and Social Agreement (ACyS)
1507:Federalist Popular Force (FUFEPO)
1476:Federalist Popular Alliance (APF)
1375:Independent Socialist Party (PSI)
1191:Pact of San José de Flores (1859)
342:
1707:1816 establishments in Argentina
1436:Democratic Socialist Party (PSD)
1302:
624:in 1852, and ended in 1862 when
573:, finally defeated Rosas at the
34:
1441:Argentine Socialist Party (PSA)
1380:National Democratic Party (PDN)
1332:National Autonomist Party (PAN)
1247:Revolution of 11 September 1852
591:Revolution of 11 September 1852
1592:Union of the Democratic Centre
1471:Worker's Socialist Party (PST)
1337:Civic Union of the Youth (UCJ)
1257:Argentine Constitution of 1853
831:
794:
753:
730:
702:
13:
1:
1577:People's Reconstruction Party
1466:Popular Socialist Party (PSP)
662:
349:Argentine War of Independence
1627:United for a New Alternative
1572:Front for Change/Social Pole
1502:Workers' Revolutionary Party
386:
7:
1365:Radical Civic Union (UCR-A)
1222:Revolution of the Restorers
635:
465:of the La Rioja region and
10:
1743:
1347:National Civic Union (UCN)
1212:League of the Free Peoples
1181:Protocol of Palermo (1852)
1050:Domingo Faustino Sarmiento
1040:Gregorio Aráoz de Lamadrid
485:Following the internecine
1666:List of political parties
1656:
1640:
1617:Liberal Libertarian Party
1494:
1393:
1312:
1199:
1148:
1062:
1010:Juan Martín de Pueyrredón
995:
912:
901:
682:The Epic of Latin America
424:) was created by General
253:
244:
239:
226:
214:
180:
169:
148:
140:
132:
106:
94:
1582:Everybody's Front (1996)
1557:An Advanced Nation (UNA)
559:Battle of Márquez Bridge
491:Governor of Buenos Aires
452:and generated their own
99:
1622:Broad Progressive Front
1607:Solidarity and Equality
1232:Argentine Confederation
657:Argentine Confederation
612:that started after the
381:Battle of Cepeda (1820)
367:. After the victorious
328:They promoted economic
324:Ideology and principles
216:Political position
64:more precise citations.
1612:Movement for Socialism
1587:Federalist Unity Party
1370:Rightist Confederation
1035:Juan Esteban Pedernera
1005:Carlos María de Alvear
524:The fall of federalism
421:
377:provinces of Argentina
351:saw the forces of the
1671:Politics of Argentina
1421:Female Peronist Party
1401:Democratic Union (UD)
1252:State of Buenos Aires
1135:Pozo de Vargas (1867)
1085:Márquez Bridge (1829)
972:Justo José de Urquiza
922:José Gervasio Artigas
680:Crow, John A. (1992)
618:Justo José de Urquiza
579:San Nicolás Agreement
563:Justo José de Urquiza
292:Buenos Aires Province
258:Politics of Argentina
127:Justo José de Urquiza
111:José Gervasio Artigas
18:Federales (Argentina)
1522:Commitment to Change
1242:Freemen of the South
1171:Cañuelas Pact (1829)
1166:Quadrilateral (1822)
1115:Laguna Limpia (1846)
1020:Bernardino Rivadavia
977:Ricardo López Jordán
967:Juan Manuel de Rosas
942:Juan Bautista Bustos
675:"Cepeda, battles of"
642:History of Argentina
585:Federal constitution
487:Argentine Civil Wars
467:Juan Manuel de Rosas
463:Juan Facundo Quiroga
454:cults of personality
401:Constitution of 1826
393:Bernardino Rivadavia
318:Juan Manuel de Rosas
208:Classical liberalism
123:Juan Manuel de Rosas
1697:Argentine Civil War
1567:Recreate for Growth
1416:Peronist Party (PP)
1357:Lencinism (Mendoza)
1315:–early 20th century
1237:Uruguayan Civil War
1176:Federal Pact (1831)
1100:Sauce Grande (1840)
856:Children of Facundo
571:Entre Ríos Province
363:colonies after the
1186:San Nicolás (1852)
1140:Don Gonzalo (1873)
826:Argentine Caudillo
533:Gaucho Federalists
286:. It opposed the
107:Historical leaders
1684:
1683:
1648:Everybody's Front
1632:Union for Córdoba
1411:Labour Party (PL)
1265:
1264:
1090:La Tablada (1829)
1058:
1057:
957:Alejandro Heredia
937:Francisco Ramírez
690:978-0-520-07723-2
622:Battle of Caseros
575:Battle of Caseros
542:generated by the
502:Party composition
495:brigadier general
475:market liberalism
395:(1826–1827), the
276:
275:
263:Political parties
149:Succeeded by
90:
89:
82:
16:(Redirected from
1734:
1602:Plural Consensus
1597:Broad Front UNEN
1552:Encuentro Amplio
1547:Front for Change
1542:United Left (IU)
1363:Antipersonalista
1327:Federalist Party
1307:
1306:
1292:
1285:
1278:
1269:
1268:
1227:Unitarian League
1080:San Roque (1829)
932:Estanislao López
910:
909:
888:
881:
874:
865:
864:
859:
853:
838:
835:
829:
823:
806:
805:
798:
792:
791:
790:. 6 August 2018.
784:
765:
764:
757:
751:
750:
734:
728:
723:
714:
713:
706:
440:Party leadership
434:Estanislao López
414:Unitarian League
408:Unitarian League
391:Under president
280:Federalist Party
249:
232:
210:
165:
157:Republican Party
153:Autonomist Party
97:Federalist Party
92:
91:
85:
78:
74:
71:
65:
60:this article by
51:inline citations
38:
37:
30:
21:
1742:
1741:
1737:
1736:
1735:
1733:
1732:
1731:
1687:
1686:
1685:
1680:
1661:Portal:Politics
1652:
1636:
1490:
1389:
1322:Unitarian Party
1314:
1308:
1301:
1296:
1266:
1261:
1217:Arequito Revolt
1195:
1144:
1110:Caaguazú (1841)
1105:Famaillá (1841)
1095:Oncativo (1830)
1054:
991:
987:Chacho Peñaloza
962:Pascual Echagüe
952:Facundo Quiroga
905:
903:
897:
892:
862:
854:
841:
836:
832:
824:
809:
800:
799:
795:
786:
785:
768:
759:
758:
754:
735:
731:
724:
717:
708:
707:
703:
665:
638:
626:Bartolomé Mitre
587:
544:Baring Brothers
535:
526:
504:
442:
410:
389:
365:Napoleonic Wars
345:
326:
288:Unitarian Party
272:
230:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
159:
125:
121:
119:Facundo Quiroga
117:
113:
102:
101:
100:Partido Federal
98:
86:
75:
69:
66:
56:Please help to
55:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1740:
1730:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1651:
1650:
1644:
1642:
1638:
1637:
1635:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1498:
1496:
1492:
1491:
1489:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1397:
1395:
1391:
1390:
1388:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1318:
1316:
1310:
1309:
1295:
1294:
1287:
1280:
1272:
1263:
1262:
1260:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1203:
1201:
1197:
1196:
1194:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1161:Benegas (1820)
1158:
1152:
1150:
1146:
1145:
1143:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1120:Caseros (1852)
1117:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1075:Navarro (1828)
1072:
1066:
1064:
1060:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1053:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1030:José María Paz
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1001:
999:
993:
992:
990:
989:
984:
979:
974:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
947:Manuel Dorrego
944:
939:
934:
929:
924:
918:
916:
907:
899:
898:
891:
890:
883:
876:
868:
861:
860:
858:, de la Fuente
839:
830:
807:
793:
766:
752:
729:
715:
700:
699:
698:
694:
693:
678:
672:
664:
661:
660:
659:
654:
649:
644:
637:
634:
614:May Revolution
589:Following the
586:
583:
534:
531:
525:
522:
503:
500:
471:Manuel Dorrego
441:
438:
426:José María Paz
409:
406:
388:
385:
369:May Revolution
344:
343:Early conflict
341:
325:
322:
274:
273:
271:
270:
265:
260:
254:
251:
250:
242:
241:
237:
236:
228:
224:
223:
218:
212:
211:
184:
178:
177:
171:
167:
166:
150:
146:
145:
142:
138:
137:
134:
130:
129:
115:Manuel Dorrego
108:
104:
103:
96:
95:
88:
87:
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1739:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1694:
1692:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1658:
1655:
1649:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1639:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1527:Federal Party
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1497:
1493:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1398:
1396:
1392:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1317:
1313:19th century
1311:
1305:
1300:
1293:
1288:
1286:
1281:
1279:
1274:
1273:
1270:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1204:
1202:
1198:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1151:
1147:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1125:Cepeda (1859)
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1070:Cepeda (1820)
1068:
1067:
1065:
1061:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1002:
1000:
998:
994:
988:
985:
983:
982:Felipe Varela
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
919:
917:
915:
911:
908:
900:
896:
889:
884:
882:
877:
875:
870:
869:
866:
857:
852:
850:
848:
846:
844:
834:
827:
822:
820:
818:
816:
814:
812:
803:
797:
789:
783:
781:
779:
777:
775:
773:
771:
762:
756:
749:(2): 127–150.
748:
744:
740:
733:
727:
722:
720:
711:
705:
701:
696:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
676:
673:
670:
667:
666:
658:
655:
653:
652:Pacto Federal
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
639:
633:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
602:
599:
596:
592:
582:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
551:
549:
545:
541:
540:external debt
530:
521:
518:
514:
510:
509:Martin Fierro
499:
496:
492:
488:
483:
481:
476:
472:
468:
464:
459:
455:
451:
447:
437:
435:
431:
427:
423:
422:Liga Unitaria
419:
415:
412:In 1829, the
405:
402:
398:
394:
384:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
340:
337:
333:
331:
330:protectionism
321:
319:
314:
312:
311:United States
308:
303:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
269:
266:
264:
261:
259:
256:
255:
252:
248:
243:
238:
235:
229:
225:
222:
219:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
196:Protectionism
193:
189:
185:
183:
179:
175:
172:
168:
163:
158:
154:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
109:
105:
93:
84:
81:
73:
63:
59:
53:
52:
46:
41:
32:
31:
19:
1385:Concordancia
1362:
1326:
1156:Pilar (1820)
1130:Pavón (1861)
1025:Juan Lavalle
1015:José Rondeau
927:Mariano Vera
855:
833:
825:
796:
755:
746:
742:
732:
704:
681:
647:Liga Federal
609:
605:
603:
600:
588:
566:
555:Juan Lavalle
552:
536:
527:
505:
484:
443:
430:Federal Pact
411:
390:
373:Buenos Aires
346:
338:
334:
327:
315:
304:
299:
279:
277:
188:Conservatism
174:Buenos Aires
170:Headquarters
76:
70:January 2016
67:
48:
1641:since 2020s
1495:1970s–2010s
1394:1930s–1970s
1342:Civic Union
1045:Pedro Ferré
914:Federalists
192:Nationalism
176:, Argentina
160: [
62:introducing
1691:Categories
997:Unitarians
669:"Unitario"
663:References
628:was named
480:Unitarians
397:Unitarians
307:federalism
284:federalism
240:Party flag
221:Right-wing
204:Federalism
200:Caudillism
45:references
906:(leaders)
630:president
610:Unitarios
606:Federales
517:estancias
446:caudillos
387:Unitarios
355:fighting
300:federales
296:provinces
268:Elections
141:Dissolved
1200:See also
1149:Treaties
904:involved
636:See also
567:caudillo
513:vaqueros
361:American
182:Ideology
1063:Battles
902:Parties
828:, Lynch
458:gauchos
418:Spanish
357:Spanish
309:of the
133:Founded
58:improve
688:
548:Brazil
450:pampas
231:
227:Colors
47:, but
697:Notes
595:Mitre
164:]
686:ISBN
608:and
469:and
347:The
278:The
144:1868
136:1816
569:of
234:Red
1693::
842:^
810:^
769:^
747:55
745:.
741:.
718:^
632:.
565:,
550:.
436:.
420::
313:.
162:es
155:,
1291:e
1284:t
1277:v
887:e
880:t
873:v
804:.
763:.
712:.
692:.
416:(
83:)
77:(
72:)
68:(
54:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
