20:
162:
34:
348:
113:
311:
333:. Their main aim was to pose resistance to the Ottoman Forces and to act as the defender of the Armenian nation. The ARF gained major importance during WWI on the Caucasus front, where they joined the Russian Army. Their participation contributed to the defeat of the Ottoman army in January 1916. Primary legions fighting with Russia in the Caucasus were the Armenian volunteer legion, staffed by the Armenian National Bureau (ANB) and through that indirectly through the ARF, dominating the ANB. The number of the fighters reached an estimated amount 5.000.
149:
circumvent the
Ottoman censoring, new modes of expression were employed. Such were quoting of biblical passages and literary works, which enabled a restricted spreading of the knowledge of the genocide in international media and politics. Such information provoked international support systems such as the ABCFM, Armenian Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions and the founding of the US Armenian relive committee, leading to fundraising and enacting international pressure.
522:
82:(1915), in Musa Dag and Urfa. Still, violent resistance was rare and often not effective, compared to the humanitarian network which saved up to 200,000 Armenians from death. Local resistance movements were notably supported by a transnational network of help, namely the ABCFM, US Armenian relief committee and missionaries.
108:
committees, doctors and nurses, local
Muslims, and influential Armenian dignitaries and foreign missionaries. Those established a self-help network, which supplied deportees in camps with basic needs, such as food, fuelwood, and financial support through money transfer. This network saved thousands
129:
In the private sphere, resistance was present in the tiny moments of life. Family ties in the camps were attempts to create through their traditional functions a sense of normality. This social support system aimed to establish relative safety, cared for orphans, and provided health care under the
120:
From this onwards, the resistance conducted fewer public actions. Refugees were hidden in private homes, community centres, and children in orphanages. Military factories and hospitals under the influence of network members served the purpose of employing
Armenians, providing them with a permit to
432:
148:
officials on deportees and advice on how to survive in the camps helped
Armenians to adapt to the new life realities. The full impact of the genocide was long withheld from the Ottoman and international public. Censorship of foreign embassies impeded international attention and intervention. To
157:
The majority of the
Armenian population resented military resistance against the genocide and hoped instead for survival through displayed loyalty. Important actors of the Armenian community as the church toned down rebellious actions and emphasised patience instead.
77:
Those efforts were countered by
Armenian attempts to mitigate the plight through the establishment of humanitarian networks. Those provided for basic needs like food and hiding places. Several armed uprisings attempted to resist deportation are notable, namely the
109:
of
Armenians from death. At the beginning of the deportations, such efforts were still legal but with increasing tensions, those efforts faced crackdowns in 1915, criminalization and forcing to move into the underground.
1067:
David, Monger (2018). "Networking against
Genocide during the First World War: the international network behind the British Parliamentary report on the Armenian Genocide". Journal of Transatlantic Studies. 16 no. 3:
392:, in the mountains of Zeitun deserters resisting the draft were joined by raiders. This drew the attention of the Ottoman Empire and contributed to Ottoman considerations about rebellion in this region.
1093:
Kaiser, Hilmar. "Regional resistance to central government policies: Ahmed Djemal Pasha, the governors of Aleppo, and
Armenian deportees in the spring and summer of 1915". Journal of Genocide Research.
474:. While the city withhold the efforts of the ottoman Army, the surrounding villages were massacred. The initial armed resistance lasted for a period of less than a month. In May, the
1685:
676:
David, Monger (2018). "Networking against
Genocide during the First World War: the international network behind the British Parliamentary report on the Armenian Genocide".
1715:
1125:
Morris, Benny (2019). The thirty-year genocide: Turkey's destruction of its Christian minorities, 1894-1924. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 486.
1073:
Gunn, Christopher (2019). "In Search of the "Immortal" Volunteers: The Legacy of Armenian Fedayis on the Caucasus Front, 1914–1916". Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs.
2160:
1705:
1690:
104:
refers to illegal conduct to mitigate the effects of deportation and prevent annihilation. Core actors of this resistance were religious and civic leaders, such as
74:
into uninhabitable deserts and mountain regions. The result was the homogenisation of the Ottoman Empire and elimination of 90% of the Armenian Ottoman population.
1151:
Mouradian, Khatchig (2021). The Resistance Network, The Armenian Genocide and Humanitarianism in Ottoman Syria, 1915–1918. Michigan State University Press. p. 28.
1138:
Mouradian, Khatchig (2021). The Resistance Network, The Armenian Genocide and Humanitarianism in Ottoman Syria, 1915–1918. Michigan State University Press. p. 28.
144:
established an important part of the resistance and was essential for survival. Smuggled letters of information about the developments in other camps, abuses of
1941:
1619:
1169:
Suny, Ronald Grigor (2015). A history of the Armenian genocide: They can live in the desert but nowhere else. Princeton: Princeton University Press. p. 282.
1206:
797:"Regional resistance to central government policies: Ahmed Djemal Pasha, the governors of Aleppo, and Armenian deportees in the spring and summer of 1915"
1120:
Kurdoghlian, Mihran (1996). Hayots Badmoutioun (Armenian History) (in Armenian). Hradaragutiun Azkayin Oosoomnagan Khorhoortee, Athens Greece. pp. 92–93.
202:
deportation important the ottoman troops in August 1915 and held out 25 days only to be defeated. Most of the population was killed or conducted suicide.
2043:
2033:
377:
in the Ottoman Empire) to secure the participation of the Armenians in the military operations against each other. The Ottomans held talks with the
70:. Early in World War I, the Ottoman Empire commenced efforts to eradicate Armenian culture and eliminate Armenian life, through acts of killing and
1832:
1164:
Mouradian, Khatchig. "Genocide and Humanitarian Resistance in Ottoman Syria, 1915-1916". Études arméniennes contemporaines, 2016. Vol.7 (7): 2, 4.
2175:
1634:
133:
Individuals, from the Muslim population, and officers as city authorities resisted orders of deportation and faced removal from their posts.
85:
Additionally, military efforts to counter the Ottoman Army were conducted by Armenian forces, such as the Armenian Resistance Forces (called
1916:
1837:
1519:
2170:
2070:
2017:
1262:
841:
Gunn, Christopher (2019). "In Search of the "Immortal" Volunteers: The Legacy of Armenian Fedayis on the Caucasus Front, 1914–1916".
1199:
478:
entered the city of Van and the Ottoman army retreated. After the ambush, estimated 50% of the population surrounding Van had died.
1103:
Kaligian, Dikran (2014). "Anatomy of Denial: Manipulating Sources and Manufacturing a Rebellion". Genocide Studies International.
470:
around 30,000 Armenians in the city of Van, joined by Armenian refugees from surrounding villages, defended themselves during the
321:
The Armenian Resistance Forces (ARF) were established in 1890 out of Armenian volunteers called fedayis and of members of the
1890:
1174:
1130:
995:
958:
774:
704:
655:
630:
337:
517:. Both parties had serious losses, serious enough to prevent the Ottoman army from advancing deeper into Armenian territory.
2155:
1664:
2124:
2087:
2077:
1906:
1750:
1192:
475:
51:
365:
before the World War I, both the Russian and the Turkish governments officially appealed to Armenian organizations (the
121:
move freely in the city and integrating them successfully into their new environment. This prevented their deportation.
1929:
2065:
1911:
1644:
1454:
1322:
1312:
1156:
1143:
924:
378:
1181:
The Hugh Chisholm, 1920, Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Company ltd., twelve edition p. 198.
1949:
1448:
435:
235:
1853:
1614:
1542:
1512:
145:
2134:
1720:
1297:
1292:
180:
in the village of Adana 1915. The village of Adana circumvented deportation by withdrawing to the mountains of
973:
The Hugh Chisholm, 1920, Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Company ltd., twelve edition p.198.
47:
2050:
2038:
1964:
1700:
1593:
1981:
1624:
1588:
382:
2129:
2004:
1767:
1745:
1695:
410:
The Russian success was along the Southern shoulders of the offence, where Armenian volunteers occupied
1680:
1639:
1505:
1215:
950:
374:
366:
322:
2165:
1820:
1375:
439:
19:
2055:
1800:
1725:
1474:
1365:
161:
90:
62:
included military, political, and humanitarian efforts to counter Ottoman forces and mitigate the
2011:
1997:
1583:
1267:
216:
188:
Other resistance movements were shattered and had the effect of annihilation of entire villages.
919:. Vol. iv. Persia: The Stepping Stone To India. New York: Marshall Cavendish. p. 500.
459:
Armenian deserters in the city of Zeitun, once more resisted the Ottoman army but were defeated.
2107:
1480:
1282:
1805:
1629:
1578:
1562:
1370:
1302:
1086:
1029:
988:
The Resistance Network, The Armenian Genocide and Humanitarianism in Ottoman Syria, 1915–1918
767:
The Resistance Network, The Armenian Genocide and Humanitarianism in Ottoman Syria, 1915–1918
697:
The Resistance Network, The Armenian Genocide and Humanitarianism in Ottoman Syria, 1915–1918
471:
385:. The ARF declared that Armenians should fight for the countries of which they were citizens.
347:
330:
290:
283:
250:
184:. There they withstand the Ottoman forces where they secured the survival of 4,200 villagers.
174:
79:
24:
1015:(in Armenian). Hradaragutiun Azkayin Oosoomnagan Khorhoortee, Athens Greece. pp. 92–93.
1924:
1598:
1287:
944:
648:
The thirty-year genocide : Turkey's destruction of its Christian minorities, 1894-1924
426:
112:
8:
1755:
1552:
1317:
1307:
1277:
1272:
310:
282:) refers to the subsequent Armenian militia's response to the aftermaths killings of the
265:
211:
Previous Armenian military resistances against forces of the Ottoman Empire were namely:
513:
Armenian forces were able to prevent the penetration of Ottoman forces in the region of
1971:
1557:
1338:
1255:
940:
897:
858:
816:
492:
403:
258:
243:
242:, was the Armenian military response to prevent massacres from taking place during the
1883:
1959:
1652:
1547:
1528:
1421:
1350:
1170:
1152:
1139:
1126:
991:
954:
920:
901:
862:
770:
700:
651:
626:
552:
407:
326:
273:
224:
63:
41:
820:
2060:
1993:
1825:
1760:
1657:
1327:
1250:
1108:
889:
850:
808:
740:
592:
510:
415:
93:. Those supported Russian efforts to advance on the Ottoman front in the Caucasus.
1033:
854:
2082:
1815:
1792:
1468:
1442:
1380:
812:
315:
196:
105:
623:
A history of the Armenian genocide: They can live in the desert but nowhere else
2112:
1567:
1426:
1406:
1344:
796:
548:
535:
370:
2149:
1878:
1416:
1401:
1184:
1954:
1868:
1858:
206:
1873:
1863:
1572:
71:
67:
411:
1773:
1112:
893:
878:"Anatomy of Denial: Manipulating Sources and Manufacturing a Rebellion"
431:
1810:
1710:
1385:
745:
728:
597:
580:
560:
181:
1497:
946:
Ordered to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War
1411:
877:
650:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 486.
429:. Armenian contributed on the side of Russian forces to the defeat.
729:"Genocide and Humanitarian Resistance in Ottoman Syria, 1915-1916"
581:"Genocide and Humanitarian Resistance in Ottoman Syria, 1915-1916"
521:
514:
96:
2117:
1396:
1035:
Why Armenia Should be Free: Armenia's Role in the Present War
298:
563:
resistance. Current practice renamed the dish as "hreesi".
152:
136:
257:
was the response by the Armenian population in Van to the
342:
207:
Previous military resistance against the Ottoman forces
1620:
Deportation of Armenian intellectuals on 24 April 1915
1028:
625:. Princeton: Princeton University Press. p. 282.
16:
Armenian resistance in the Ottoman Empire during WWI
547:
Armenian resistance has left a symbolic dish. The "
169:In some cases, military resistance was successful:
297:was the resistance of the Armenian militia in the
1083:The Armenian People from Ancient to Modern Times.
534:, Murad of Sebastia and his volunteers fought at
406:was launched. It was the first engagement of the
2161:Armenian resistance during the Armenian genocide
2147:
1051:The Armenian People from Ancient to Modern Times
1004:
990:. Michigan State University Press. p. 28.
769:. Michigan State University Press. p. 28.
699:. Michigan State University Press. p. 28.
1214:
277:
1513:
1200:
305:
1053:. New York: St. Martin's Press. p. 299.
97:Humanitarian resistance against the genocide
1048:
1010:
1520:
1506:
1263:Liberation struggle of Artsakh (1724-1731)
1207:
1193:
1024:
1022:
933:
914:
559:): is generally served to commemorate the
985:
764:
744:
726:
694:
596:
578:
351:Seventy-year-old priest leading Armenians
1673:
1313:Battle of Holy Apostles Monastery (1901)
967:
939:
875:
520:
430:
346:
309:
160:
153:Military resistance against the genocide
137:Resistance through Information gathering
124:
111:
18:
1019:
917:Illustrated Encyclopedia of World War I
425:, the Ottoman Army was defeated at the
52:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
2148:
981:
979:
794:
645:
2176:Rebellions against the Ottoman Empire
1527:
1501:
1188:
1013:Hayots Badmoutioun (Armenian History)
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675:
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669:
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343:Resistance against the Ottoman Empire
338:Armenian national liberation movement
323:Armenian national liberation movement
840:
836:
834:
832:
830:
790:
788:
786:
620:
2125:Armenian genocide and the Holocaust
1907:May 1915 Triple Entente declaration
1323:Yıldız assassination attempt (1905)
976:
23:Armenian defenders during the 1915
13:
1930:National Armenian Relief Committee
843:Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs
753:
713:
664:
605:
542:
116:Armenian orphanage in Aleppo Syria
14:
2187:
2171:Armenians from the Ottoman Empire
2066:Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day
1455:Armenian Revolutionary Federation
827:
783:
733:Études arméniennes contemporaines
688:
585:Études arméniennes contemporaines
572:
566:
379:Armenian Revolutionary Federation
54: instead of Armenian letters.
1237:Organizations and military units
678:Journal of Transatlantic Studies
538:, where he died in the fighting.
165:Armenian resistance in Urfa 1915
32:
1854:Committee of Union and Progress
1543:Armenians in the Ottoman Empire
1081:Hohanissian, Richard G. (1997)
1060:
1049:Hohanissian, Richard G (1997).
1042:
908:
869:
1558:Hamidian massacres (1894–1897)
1359:Resistance during the genocide
1234:Political and military leaders
882:Genocide Studies International
639:
1:
1965:Assassination of Talaat Pasha
1594:Ottoman Empire in World War I
1283:Kum Kapu demonstration (1890)
855:10.1080/13602004.2019.1654187
1563:Young Turk Revolution (1908)
1298:Ottoman Bank Takeover (1896)
1231:Persecution of the Armenians
1011:Kurdoghlian, Mihran (1996).
986:Mouradian, Khatchig (2021).
813:10.1080/14623528.2010.528999
801:Journal of Genocide Research
765:Mouradian, Khatchig (2021).
727:Mouradian, Khatchig (2016).
695:Mouradian, Khatchig (2021).
621:Suny, Ronald Grigor (2015).
579:Mouradian, Khatchig (2016).
383:Armenian congress at Erzurum
7:
2156:1910s in the Ottoman Empire
2135:Hitler's Armenian reference
2130:Assassination of Hrant Dink
2005:The Forty Days of Musa Dagh
915:Hinterhoff, Eugene (1984).
229:ŐŤŐˇŐ˝Ő¶Ő¸Őµ ŐˇŐĽŐˇŐ»Ő«Ő¶ ŐˇŐşŐ˝ŐżŐˇŐ´Ő˘Ő¸Ö‚Ő©Ő«Ö‚Ő¶
10:
2192:
1308:Khanasor Expedition (1897)
1293:Zeitun rebellion (1895–96)
1278:Gugunian Expedition (1890)
1216:Armenian national movement
1032:; Torossian, Aram (1918).
375:Armenian National Assembly
367:Armenian National Congress
335:
306:Armenian Resistance Forces
2100:
2034:Witnesses and testimonies
2026:
1980:
1940:
1899:
1846:
1783:
1738:
1607:
1535:
1256:Battle of Halidzor (1727)
1222:
876:Kaligian, Dikran (2014).
556:
325:. Important members were
278:
228:
191:Unsuccessful resistance:
1756:Post-genocide population
1475:Armenian volunteer units
91:Armenian irregular units
1921:Foreign aid and relief
1746:Pre-genocide population
1584:1914 Greek deportations
1328:Battle of Sulukh (1907)
1251:Syunik rebellion (1722)
1038:. Hairenik. p. 22.
795:Kaiser, Hilmar (2010).
499:
482:
449:
355:
102:Humanitarian resistance
2108:Late Ottoman genocides
1900:International response
1481:French Armenian Legion
1288:Sasun rebellion (1894)
1268:Zeitun uprising (1862)
1030:Pasdermadjian, Garegin
646:Morris, Benny (2019).
526:
442:
352:
318:
166:
117:
40:This article contains
27:
1630:20 Hunchakian gallows
1579:1914 Armenian reforms
1568:Adana massacre (1909)
1318:Sasun uprising (1904)
1273:Bashkale clash (1889)
524:
476:Russian Caucasus Army
434:
350:
331:Karekin Pastermadjian
313:
164:
130:given circumstances.
125:Individual resistance
115:
22:
1925:Near East Foundation
1891:Special Organization
1649:Concentration camps
1599:Battle of Sarikamish
427:Battle of Sarikamish
1982:Cultural depictions
1833:Rescue of Armenians
1751:Genocide casualties
1589:Congress at Erzerum
1553:Turkish nationalism
941:Erickson, Edward J.
266:Khanasor Expedition
60:Armenian resistance
1972:Treaty of Lausanne
1838:Turkish opposition
1339:Hamidian massacres
1303:Van Defense (1896)
1113:10.3138/gsi.8.2.06
1087:St. Martin's Press
894:10.3138/gsi.8.2.06
527:
493:Battle of Erzinjan
443:
440:The Twenty Martyrs
404:Bergmann Offensive
353:
319:
279:Ô˝ŐˇŐ¶ŐˇŐ˝Ő¸Ö€Ő« Ô±Ö€Ő·ŐˇÖ‚ŐˇŐ¶Ö„Ő¨
259:Hamidian massacres
244:Hamidian massacres
167:
118:
28:
2143:
2142:
2071:100th anniversary
1960:Operation Nemesis
1734:
1733:
1548:Armenian question
1529:Armenian genocide
1495:
1494:
1490:
1489:
1437:Political parties
1422:Drastamat Kanayan
1351:Armenian genocide
1245:Until World War I
1175:978-1-4008-6558-1
1131:978-0-674-91645-6
997:978-1-61186-385-7
960:978-0-313-31516-9
776:978-1-61186-385-7
706:978-1-61186-385-7
657:978-0-674-91645-6
632:978-1-4008-6558-1
423:December 29, 1914
408:Caucasus Campaign
327:Murad of Sebastia
314:Defenders of the
87:fedayeen/ fedayis
64:Armenian genocide
48:rendering support
2183:
2166:1910s in Armenia
2088:notable visitors
2061:Hidden Armenians
1990:Ravished Armenia
1912:Imperial Germany
1821:Shabin-Karahisar
1793:Armenian militia
1761:Hidden Armenians
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1522:
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1508:
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1376:Shabin-Karahisar
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576:
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525:Armenian harissa
511:Battle of Abaran
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236:Zeitun Rebellion
230:
217:Sasun resistance
36:
35:
2191:
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2180:
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2139:
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2083:Tsitsernakaberd
2022:
1976:
1936:
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1884:Bahaeddin Ĺžakir
1842:
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507:May 24–26, 1918
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316:Urfa Resistance
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195:The village of
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127:
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68:first World War
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56:
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46:Without proper
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33:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2113:Greek genocide
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1950:Courts-martial
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1917:Press coverage
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1627:
1622:
1617:
1611:
1609:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1539:
1537:
1533:
1532:
1525:
1524:
1517:
1510:
1502:
1493:
1492:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1484:
1478:
1472:
1464:
1463:
1459:
1458:
1452:
1446:
1439:
1438:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1429:
1427:Garegin Nzhdeh
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1407:Kevork Chavush
1404:
1399:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1362:
1361:
1355:
1354:
1348:
1345:Adana massacre
1342:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1259:
1258:
1247:
1246:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1212:
1211:
1204:
1197:
1189:
1183:
1182:
1179:
1166:
1161:
1148:
1135:
1122:
1117:
1107:(2): 208–223.
1100:
1090:
1079:
1070:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1056:
1041:
1018:
1003:
996:
975:
966:
959:
953:. p. 54.
932:
925:
907:
888:(2): 208–223.
868:
849:(3): 432–455.
826:
782:
775:
752:
712:
705:
687:
663:
656:
638:
631:
604:
570:
568:
567:Reference list
565:
549:Harissa (dish)
544:
541:
540:
539:
536:Battle of Baku
519:
518:
501:
498:
497:
496:
484:
481:
480:
479:
472:Defense of Van
460:
457:March 25, 1915
451:
448:
447:
446:
445:
444:
419:
386:
371:Russian Empire
357:
354:
344:
341:
307:
304:
303:
302:
291:Sasun uprising
287:
284:Defense of Van
262:
251:Defense of Van
247:
232:
208:
205:
204:
203:
186:
185:
178:
175:Defence of Van
154:
151:
138:
135:
126:
123:
98:
95:
80:Defence of Van
50:, you may see
38:
31:
30:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2188:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2099:
2089:
2086:
2085:
2084:
2081:
2080:
2079:
2076:
2072:
2069:
2068:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2045:
2044:United States
2042:
2041:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2025:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2013:
2009:
2007:
2006:
2002:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1979:
1973:
1970:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1939:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1904:
1902:
1898:
1892:
1889:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1856:
1855:
1852:
1851:
1849:
1845:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1782:
1776:
1775:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1762:
1759:
1758:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1743:
1741:
1737:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1672:
1666:
1663:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1640:Forced labour
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1610:
1606:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1540:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1523:
1518:
1516:
1511:
1509:
1504:
1503:
1500:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1470:
1466:
1465:
1461:
1460:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1440:
1436:
1435:
1433:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1417:Aram Manukian
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1402:Aghbiur Serob
1400:
1398:
1395:
1394:
1392:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1356:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1336:
1334:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1244:
1243:
1241:
1240:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1226:
1221:
1217:
1210:
1205:
1203:
1198:
1196:
1191:
1190:
1187:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1172:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1157:1-61186-385-6
1154:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1144:1-61186-385-6
1141:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1091:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1071:
1069:
1065:
1064:
1052:
1045:
1037:
1036:
1031:
1025:
1023:
1014:
1007:
999:
993:
989:
982:
980:
970:
962:
956:
952:
948:
947:
942:
936:
928:
926:0-86307-181-3
922:
918:
911:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
872:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
837:
835:
833:
831:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
791:
789:
787:
778:
772:
768:
761:
759:
757:
747:
742:
739:(7): 87–103.
738:
734:
730:
723:
721:
719:
717:
708:
702:
698:
691:
683:
679:
672:
670:
668:
659:
653:
649:
642:
634:
628:
624:
617:
615:
613:
611:
609:
599:
594:
591:(7): 87–103.
590:
586:
582:
575:
571:
564:
562:
554:
550:
537:
533:
529:
528:
523:
516:
512:
509:, during the
508:
504:
503:
494:
490:
487:
486:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
458:
454:
453:
441:
437:
433:
428:
424:
420:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
398:
394:
393:
391:
387:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
359:
349:
339:
334:
332:
328:
324:
317:
312:
300:
296:
292:
288:
285:
275:
271:
270:July 25, 1897
267:
263:
260:
256:
252:
248:
245:
241:
237:
233:
226:
222:
218:
214:
213:
212:
201:
199:
194:
193:
192:
189:
183:
179:
176:
172:
171:
170:
163:
159:
150:
147:
143:
134:
131:
122:
114:
110:
107:
103:
94:
92:
88:
83:
81:
75:
73:
72:death marches
69:
65:
61:
53:
49:
45:
43:
26:
21:
2010:
2003:
1989:
1955:Malta exiles
1847:Perpetrators
1797:By location
1784:
1772:
1658:Ra's al-'Ayn
1635:Confiscation
1467:
1358:
1168:
1163:
1150:
1137:
1124:
1119:
1104:
1102:
1095:
1092:
1082:
1074:
1072:
1066:
1061:Bibliography
1050:
1044:
1034:
1012:
1006:
987:
969:
945:
935:
916:
910:
885:
881:
871:
846:
842:
807:(3–4): 174.
804:
800:
766:
736:
732:
696:
690:
681:
677:
647:
641:
622:
588:
584:
574:
546:
531:
506:
488:
467:
463:
456:
422:
399:
396:
389:
362:
320:
294:
269:
254:
240:1895-to 1896
239:
220:
210:
197:
190:
187:
168:
156:
141:
140:
132:
128:
119:
101:
100:
86:
84:
76:
59:
58:
39:
25:siege of Van
2051:Reparations
2039:Recognition
2012:The Promise
1942:Prosecution
1665:Terminology
1653:Deir ez-Zor
1575:(1912–1913)
1573:Balkan Wars
1483:(1916–1920)
1477:(1914–1917)
515:Bash Abaran
464:April / May
416:Doğubeyazıt
397:November 2,
390:August 1914
381:during the
142:Information
66:during the
2150:Categories
1785:Resistance
1774:Vorpahavak
1739:Demography
1696:Diyarbekir
1625:Tehcir Law
1536:Background
1085:New York.
1077:: 432–455.
436:Hunchakian
363:July 1914,
336:See also:
89:) and the
2078:Memorials
2027:Aftermath
1811:Musa Dagh
1768:Survivors
1721:Trebizond
1674:By region
1645:Mass rape
1443:Armenakan
1386:Musa Dagh
1341:(1894–96)
951:Greenwood
902:154744150
863:203108292
684:(3): 296.
561:Musa Dagh
532:September
438:leaders,
182:Musa Dagh
1608:Genocide
1412:Andranik
943:(2001).
821:72078559
553:Armenian
412:Karaköse
373:and the
274:Armenian
225:Armenian
200:resisted
42:Armenian
2101:Related
1874:Djevdet
1701:Erzurum
1449:Hunchak
1228:History
369:of the
301:region.
299:Sassoun
2056:Denial
2018:others
1879:Reshid
1869:Djemal
1859:Talaat
1801:Zeitun
1706:Harput
1691:Bitlis
1686:Aleppo
1615:Causes
1469:Fedayi
1457:(1890)
1451:(1887)
1445:(1885)
1366:Zeitun
1353:(1915)
1347:(1909)
1173:
1155:
1142:
1129:
1098:: 174.
1089:, 299.
994:
957:
923:
900:
861:
819:
773:
703:
654:
629:
557:Ő€ŐˇÖ€Ő«Ő˝Őˇ
402:, the
329:, and
106:church
2118:Sayfo
1864:Enver
1826:Azakh
1716:Sivas
1681:Adana
1462:Units
1397:Arabo
898:S2CID
859:S2CID
817:S2CID
489:1916,
238:from
177:1915.
44:text.
1998:film
1994:book
1816:Urfa
1381:Urfa
1171:ISBN
1153:ISBN
1140:ISBN
1127:ISBN
1068:296.
992:ISBN
955:ISBN
921:ISBN
771:ISBN
701:ISBN
652:ISBN
627:ISBN
500:1918
491:the
483:1916
468:1915
450:1915
414:and
400:1914
356:1914
295:1904
289:The
264:The
255:1896
249:The
234:The
221:1894
215:The
198:Urfa
173:the
1806:Van
1726:Van
1711:MuĹź
1371:Van
1109:doi
890:doi
851:doi
809:doi
741:doi
593:doi
551:" (
530:In
505:In
462:In
455:On
421:On
395:On
388:In
361:In
293:in
268:on
253:in
219:in
146:CUP
2152::
1996:,
1096:12
1075:39
1021:^
978:^
949:.
896:.
884:.
880:.
857:.
847:39
845:.
829:^
815:.
805:12
803:.
799:.
785:^
755:^
735:.
731:.
715:^
682:16
680:.
666:^
607:^
587:.
583:.
555::
466:,
276::
231:).
227::
2000:)
1992:(
1521:e
1514:t
1507:v
1208:e
1201:t
1194:v
1177:.
1159:.
1146:.
1133:.
1115:.
1111::
1105:8
1000:.
963:.
929:.
904:.
892::
886:8
865:.
853::
823:.
811::
779:.
749:.
743::
737:7
709:.
660:.
635:.
601:.
595::
589:7
495:.
418:.
286:.
272:(
261:.
246:.
223:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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