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Eastern Roman Empire, kept Roman principles of architecture and art alive, yet gave it a more
Eastern twist, and were famous for their slightly flatter domes, and richer usage of gilded mosaics and icons rather than statues. Since the Byzantines resided in Sicily for some time, their architectural influence can still be seen today, for example in the Cathedral of
53:, which cannot be simply classified by period or region, due to Italy's division into various small states until 1861. This has created a highly diverse and eclectic range in architectural designs. Italy is known for its considerable architectural achievements, such as the construction of aqueducts, temples and similar structures during
162:
Along with pre-historic architecture, the first people in Italy to truly begin a sequence of designs were the Greeks and the
Etruscans. In Northern and Central Italy, it was the Etruscans who led the way in architecture in that time. Etruscan buildings were made from brick and wood, thus few Etruscan
178:
used to build their buildings in their own style. They built bigger, better and technologically advanced houses which influenced Roman architecture too. Yet, by the 4th century BC, the
Hellenistic Age, less concentration was put on constructing temples, rather more time was spent building theatres.
415:
to support the buildings. Church walls using the
Romanesque tended to be bulky and heavy to support the roof, however this meant that Romanesque church interiors in Italy tended to be far more banal and bland than those of the Early Christian and Byzantine periods. They used to simply consist of
328:
was also widely diffused in Italy. When the
Western Roman Empire fell in 476 AD, the Byzantines were the leaders in the world regarding aspects of culture, arts, music, literature, fashion, science, technology, business and architecture. The Byzantines, which technically were the people of the
317:
was invented in Rome. They were known for being long, rectangular buildings, which were built in an almost ancient Roman style, often rich in mosaics and decorations. The early
Christians' art and architecture was also widely inspired by that of the pagan Romans; statues, mosaics and paintings
743:. By the end of the 15th century, the old basilica had fallen into disrepair. In 1505, Pope Julius II made a decision to demolish the ancient basilica and replace it with a new one. A succession of popes and architects followed in the next 120 years, their combined efforts resulting in the
642:
between 1420 and 1436. The
Cathedral, built by Arnolfo di Cambio, was left unfinished by the end of the 14th century; it had a huge hole at the centre, where the dome was meant to be. The competition to build it was won by Brunelleschi, who built the largest dome since Roman times.
104:
are found in Italy. Italy has an estimated total of 100,000 monuments of all varieties (museums, palaces, buildings, statues, churches, art galleries, villas, fountains, historic houses and archaeological remains). Now Italy is in the forefront of modernist and
924:. In the late 18th and early 19th centuries Italy was affected by the Neoclassical architectural movement. Everything from villas, palaces, gardens, interiors and art began to be based on ancient Roman and Greek themes, and buildings were widely themed on the
655:
in
Florence was designed by Brunelleschi using all the things he had learnt by studying the architecture of Ancient Rome. It has arches, columns and round-topped windows in the Roman style. It looks completely different from the pointy-arched churches of the
377:
Between the
Byzantine and the Gothic period was the Romanesque movement, which went from approximately 800 AD to 1100 AD. This was one of the most fruitful and creative periods in Italian architecture, when several masterpieces such as the
672:
as a monument to themselves. There are several of these monuments in Rome as well as in other parts of Italy, and the general design is that of a big arch at the centre, and a smaller lower arch or doorway on either side. The architect
710:
When it came to building palaces, the rich people of the
Renaissance had different needs to the Roman Emperors, so the architects had to use the rules to make a new sort of grand building. These Renaissance palaces, of which the
1228:. Fascist-styles of architecture are a branch of modernist architecture which became popular in the early 20th century. The Italian Fascist style was also greatly influenced by the rationalist movement in Italy in the 1920s.
242:
in Roman villas as a place and manner of dining. The Romans, similarly, were indebted to their Etruscan neighbours who supplied them with a wealth of knowledge essential for future architectural solutions such as
685:
in Mantua. He used the same pattern of tall and arched, low and square, all down the inside of the church as well. This was copied by many other architects. It was also the first building to use columns in the
588:
Italian architects had always preferred forms that were clearly defined and structural elements that expressed their purpose. Many Tuscan Romanesque buildings demonstrate these characteristics, as seen in the
460:
always maintained a peculiar characteristic which differentiated its evolution from that in France, where it had originated. In particular, the bold architectural solutions and technical innovations of the
3786:
182:
The Greek temples were known for containing bulky stone or marble pillars. Today, there are several remains of Greek architecture in Italy, notably in Calabria, Apulia, and Sicily. The temples in the
1818:
146:
258:, together with a sound knowledge of building materials, enabled them to achieve unprecedented successes in the construction of imposing structures for public use. Prominent examples include the
465:
never appeared: Italian architects preferred to keep the construction tradition established in the previous centuries. Aesthetically, in Italy the vertical development was rarely important.
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varied greatly in Italy in both style and construction. Arguably, the most artistic was the Tuscan Romanesque, especially Florentine and Pisan, yet that of Sicily, influenced by the
3791:
715:
is a fine example, are usually three stories high and quite plain on the outside. On the inside there is a courtyard, surrounded by beautiful columns and windows. Architects like
394:
were built. The style was called "Roman"-esque because of its usage of the Roman arches, stained glass windows, and also its curved columns which commonly featured in cloisters.
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3796:
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604:, largely the work of German builders, few Italian churches show the emphasis on verticality, the clustered shafts, ornate tracery and complex ribbed vaulting that characterise
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The theatres were semi-circular and had an auditorium and a stage. They used to be built only on hills, unlike the Romans who would artificially construct the audience's seats.
3801:
1364:
1144:" linked to the rediscovery of the imperial Rome. Piacentini was author of several works in many Italian cities, the most important of which is the controversial creation of
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1320:
585:". The scholarly approach to the architecture of the ancient coincided with the general revival of learning. A number of factors were influential in bringing this about.
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was an Italian architectural style developed during the Fascist regime and in particular starting from the late 1920s. It was promoted and practiced initially by the
882:. In this large complex, the grandiose Baroque style interiors and gardens are opposed to a more sober building envelope, which seems to anticipate the motifs of the
1002:
in Milan, built in 1865, was the first building in iron, glass and steel in Italy, and the world's oldest purpose-built shopping gallery, which later influenced the
250:
Social elements such as wealth and high population densities in cities forced the ancient Romans to discover new (architectural) solutions of their own. The use of
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The Romans absorbed Greek influence, apparent in many aspects closely related to architecture; for example, this can be seen in the introduction and use of the
270:. These were reproduced at smaller scale in major towns and cities throughout the Empire, with some structures surviving almost completely intact, such as the
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1340:
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A return to more classical architectural forms as a reaction to the Rococo style can be detected in early 18th century, most vividly represented in the
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1124:, which rejected the avant-garde themes and aimed instead to revive the art of the past. Its most important members in the field of architecture were
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171:, Umbria. The Etruscans built temples, fora, public streets, aqueducts and city gates which had a significant influence on Roman architecture.
124:, popular abroad since the 19th century, was used to describe foreign architecture which was built in an Italian style, especially modelled on
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1264:(1998). Some of the main architects working in Italy between the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st are Renzo Piano,
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2053:
1360:
3257:
3164:
1871:
Ghirardo, Diane (May 1980). "Italian Architects and Fascist Politics: An Evaluation of the Rationalist's Role in Regime Building".
1531:
407:
Romanesque architecture in Italy halted the construction of wooden roofs in churches, and also experimented with the usage of the
404:
settlers, was considerable too. Lombard Romanesque was certainly more structurally progressive than the Tuscan but less artistic.
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1220:, but can extend to modern aesthetics as well. Fascist-era buildings are frequently constructed with particular concern given to
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1941:
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a late Gothic phase from 1385 to the 16th century, with the completion of the great Gothic edifices begun previously, as the
17:
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747:. By the time it was finished, many important artists had worked on the design, which changed dramatically, becoming more
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marble or stone, and had little decoration, unlike the rich mosaics found in Italian Byzantine architectural works.
29:
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1232:, with the help of Italian government support, celebrated the new fascist age of culture and government in Italy.
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813:(Hunting Lodge of Stupinigi), dating back to 18th century. Featuring a highly articulated plant based upon a
573:. It is in Florence that the new architectural style had its beginning, not slowly evolving in the way that
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The transition from Gothic to Renaissance architecture coincides with the construction of the dome of the
69:, and influenced the designs which noblemen built their country houses all over the world, notably in the
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order was, through their new edifices, the main carrier of this new architectural style. It spread from
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45:, which has the largest brick dome in the world, and is considered a masterpiece of world architecture.
581:, but consciously brought to being by particular architects who sought to revive the order of a past "
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provided an inspiration to artists at a time when philosophy was also turning towards the Classical.
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Italy, in the mid-19th century, was also well known for some relatively avant-garde structures. The
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Influenced by Greek architecture (which had left important signs in Magna Grecia, in the temples of
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783:. It has one of the most magnificent domes in the world, which has been copied in many countries.
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Gothic architecture was imported in Italy, just as it was in many other European countries. The
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In Southern Italy, from the 8th century BC, the Greek colonists who created what was known as
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1089:, formed in 1926. After the dissolution of the group, it was adopted by single artists like
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decorated all their churches. Late-Christian frescos can be easily seen in some of the many
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Italy was widely affected by the Early Christian age, with Rome being the new seat of the
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The presence, particularly in Rome, of ancient architectural remains showing the ordered
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Italian architecture has also widely influenced the architecture of the world. Moreover,
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or barrels. The buildings' weight tended to buckle on the outside, and there used to be
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479:(in what is now eastern France), their original area, over the rest of Western Europe.
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Italy of the 15th century, and the city of Florence in particular, was home to the
310:, several buildings, palaces and churches were built in the Roman-Byzantine style.
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155:
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1670:
The Architecture of Rome: An Architectural History in 400 Individual Presentations
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architectural sites are now in evidence in Italy, with the exception of a few in
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1762:(first published 1896, current edition 2001, Elsevier Science & Technology
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Italy had never fully adopted the Gothic style of architecture. Apart from the
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Other remarkable figures for contemporary architecture in Italy are the Swiss
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660:. The building, with alterations, was not completed until after his death.
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in San Giovanni Rotondo. Among Fuksas' projects (As of January 2011) are
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being the most prominent exponent, and a conservative branch of which
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than Renaissance. Among the architects present on the site there were
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When the Roman Emperors came back from winning a battle, they built a
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231:) and by the Etruscan architecture (which aroused the attentions of
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One of the most original works of late Baroque architecture is the
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65:, a style of construction which inspired movements such as that of
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A possible timeline of Gothic architecture in Italy can comprise:
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Several of the finest works in Western architecture, such as the
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In the 1920s and following years a new architectural language,
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The main innovation of Italian Romanesque architecture was the
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101:
1847:"Dictionary, Encyclopedia and Thesaurus - The Free Dictionary"
1409:
1300:. Gae Aulenti's Italian works feature the renovation works of
2167:
1950:
1558:"BBC - History - Historic Figures: Inigo Jones (1573 - 1652)"
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1037:
897:
391:
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Parkstone International, 2008. p. 81. Web. 17 November 2013.
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in the late-14th to 16th century, and being the homeland of
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In Rome, some of the most significant achievements are the
841:
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since AD 1144, making it the oldest town hall in the world.
558:
535:
303:
275:
255:
1841:
1839:
1819:"Neoclassical architecture and the influence of antiquity"
1321:
Museo d'arte moderna e contemporanea di Trento e Rovereto
1120:
During the Fascist period, Razionalismo was outranked by
948:, but were later inspired by these archaeological sites.
511:
1914:
Letters of an Architect, From France, Italy, and Greece
1836:
963:
Examples of Neoclassical architecture in Italy include
349:
is also an example of Byzantine architecture in Italy.
235:), Roman architecture assumed its own characteristics.
1398:
1169:
in Rome is a perfect example of Fascist architecture.
1066:
in Milan, while the second projected an expansion of
2434:
Austrian occupation and Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia
886:. The gigantic size of the palace is echoed by the
1873:Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians
1606:Italy Architecture: Early Christian and Byzanthine
786:
131:
1813:
1811:
1760:History of Architecture on the Comparative Method
739:, built over a small shrine believed to mark the
3956:
932:. Before the discoveries of the lost cities of
1808:
1657:
1054:, had its main and most original exponents in
518:Italian Renaissance and Mannerist architecture
81:during the late-17th to early 20th centuries.
3467:
1935:
1666:"High Renaissance and Mannerism – Tempietto"
1625:
1623:
1621:
1589:Italy Architecture: The Greeks and Etruscans
1584:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1236:Post–World War II and Modernist architecture
1020:Italian modern and contemporary architecture
1505:"brunelleschi's dome - Brunelleschi's Dome"
1115:Firenze Santa Maria Novella railway station
3481:
3474:
3460:
1942:
1928:
1789:
1784:A thousand years of architecture in Europe
898:Neoclassical and 19th century architecture
542:. This small temple marks the place where
352:
294:The lavish mosaics in the interior of the
286:Early Christian and Byzantine architecture
1680:: Edition Axel Menges. pp. 123–125.
1663:
1618:
1575:
1252:Two Italian architects have received the
1025:Art Nouveau (Liberty style) architecture
1870:
1480:"The Duomo of Florence | Tripleman"
1341:National Museum of the 21st Century Arts
1239:
1161:
1028:
950:
907:
796:
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549:
525:
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341:, with their richly decorated churches.
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28:
1712:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1197:. Two branches have been identified, a
1151:
735:The most famous church in Rome was the
456:appeared in Italy in the 12th century.
14:
3957:
1216:Fascist styles often resemble that of
1013:
890:in Naples, built in the same years by
878:began in 1752 the construction of the
848:church in Venice (completed in 1738).
512:Renaissance and Mannerist architecture
493:an "early Gothic" phase (c. 1228–1290)
426:
3455:
1923:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1694:from the original on 22 November 2022
1460:List of architecture schools in Italy
1280:in Rome, the renovation works of the
2480:Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy
1594:
867:has more austere, classical traits.
522:History of Italian Renaissance domes
1482:. www.tripleman.com. Archived from
1450:Gold Medal for Italian Architecture
888:Ospedale L'Albergo Reale dei Poveri
247:and in the construction of arches.
49:Italy has a very broad and diverse
24:
3811:Dependencies and other territories
1949:
1744:
1648:Charles, Victoria; Carl, Klaus H.
1511:from the original on 16 April 2010
1440:North-Western Italian architecture
1294:Roma Convention Center - La Nuvola
1185:, Guido Frette, Sebastiano Larco,
59:Renaissance architectural movement
25:
3976:
1903:
1796:Italy Architecture: Neoclassicism
1248:in Milan, built from 1956 to 1958
1181:group, whose architects included
1140:in his creation of a "simplified
904:Italian Neoclassical architecture
3436:
3435:
3424:
1547:Eyewitness Travel (2005), pg. 19
1455:Timeline of Italian architecture
1420:
1408:
1365:Firenze Belfiore railway station
811:Palazzina di caccia di Stupinigi
496:the "mature Gothic" of 1290–1385
3770:States with limited recognition
3165:Orders, decorations, and medals
1864:
1773:
1706:
1664:Grundmann, Stefan, ed. (1998).
1077:, was introduced. This form of
832:there was a rapprochement with
787:Baroque and Rococo architecture
761:Antonio da Sangallo the Younger
196:
132:Magna Graecia and the Etruscans
1642:
1630:Italy Architecture: Romanesque
1550:
1541:
1522:
1497:
1472:
1387:and Marco Brizio; skyscraper "
1167:Palazzo della CiviltĂ Italiana
557:, seat of the municipality of
486:an initial development of the
13:
1:
1465:
1278:Auditorium Parco della Musica
1213:group were most influential.
1000:Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II
957:Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II
308:Justinian reconquest of Italy
1290:Piedmont Region Headquarters
793:Italian Baroque architecture
681:to the church facade of the
100:and the building designs of
7:
3205:Water supply and sanitation
2629:Italian geographical region
2497:Monarchy and the World Wars
2439:Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
2325:War of the Sicilian Vespers
1978:Timeline of Italian history
1394:
1286:Padre Pio Pilgrimage Church
1254:Pritzker Architecture Prize
1062:. The former was author of
940:, buildings were themed on
433:Italian Gothic architecture
10:
3981:
3124:Inventions and discoveries
2534:Fall of the Fascist regime
2517:Fourth War of Independence
2475:Expedition of the Thousand
2465:Second War of Independence
1713:Falconi, Fabrizio (2015).
1244:The influential modernist
1155:
1017:
901:
790:
773:Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola
619:Dome of Florence Cathedral
608:in other parts of Europe.
515:
430:
203:Ancient Roman architecture
200:
138:Ancient Greek architecture
135:
94:Mole Antonelliana in Turin
3856:
3810:
3787:Nagorno-Karabakh Republic
3769:
3489:
3420:
3218:
3064:
3055:
2919:
2910:
2898:Security and intelligence
2771:
2762:
2624:
2615:
2558:
2485:Third War of Independence
2460:First War of Independence
2447:
2340:
2249:
2130:
2067:
1986:
1970:
1961:
1716:Roma segreta e misteriosa
1507:. Brunelleschisdome.com.
1136:. This movement inspired
741:burial place of St. Peter
388:Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio
313:The Christian concept of
67:Neoclassical architecture
2576:Istrian–Dalmatian exodus
2571:Institutional referendum
1672:(2nd Revised ed.).
1383:in Turin, together with
1272:. Piano's works include
1230:Rationalist architecture
1193:, Ubaldo Castagnola and
926:Villa Capra "La Rotonda"
861:San Giovanni in Laterano
737:Old St. Peter's Basilica
126:Renaissance architecture
79:United States of America
3099:Emigration and diaspora
2308:Guelphs and Ghibellines
2293:the Sardinian Judicates
1445:Italianate architecture
1146:Via della Conciliazione
991:(Genoa, 1827), and the
880:Royal Palace of Caserta
713:Palazzo Medici Riccardi
704:Palazzo Medici-Riccardi
683:Basilica of Sant'Andrea
664:Basilica of Sant'Andrea
653:Basilica di San Lorenzo
647:Basilica of San Lorenzo
544:St. Peter was crucified
398:Romanesque architecture
353:Romanesque architecture
122:Italianate architecture
3532:Bosnia and Herzegovina
3483:Architecture of Europe
2981:Science and technology
2929:Italian regions by GDP
2730:Marine protected areas
2402:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
1721:Newton Compton Editori
1355:and cover building of
1249:
1170:
1044:
977:San Francesco di Paola
960:
922:Palladian architecture
917:
859:, while the façade of
834:Palladian architecture
828:In the same period in
806:
731:Saint Peter's Basilica
723:, looked at the Roman
707:
694:Medici Riccardi Palace
631:
566:
547:
532:San Pietro in Montorio
449:
374:
326:Byzantine architecture
299:
280:Hispania Tarraconensis
216:
193:, are a fine example.
186:, which are currently
159:
57:, the founding of the
46:
3965:Architecture in Italy
3180:Public administration
2288:the Holy Roman Empire
1851:TheFreeDictionary.com
1529:Architecture in Italy
1343:in Rome, skyscraper "
1243:
1189:, Carlo Enrico Rava,
1165:
1079:Futurist architecture
1032:
954:
928:, the masterpiece by
911:
821:, who also built the
817:, it was designed by
800:
701:
675:Leon Battista Alberti
626:
553:
529:
505:San Petronio Basilica
440:
380:Leaning Tower of Pisa
360:
293:
210:
149:
142:Etruscan architecture
109:with architects like
35:Santa Maria del Fiore
32:
18:Architecture of Italy
3408:World Heritage Sites
2863:Council of Ministers
2601:Coronavirus pandemic
1999:Currency and coinage
1435:Architecture of Rome
1175:Fascist architecture
1158:Fascist architecture
1152:Fascist architecture
1068:Palazzo Montecitorio
1050:, known in Italy as
815:Saint Andrew's Cross
679:Roman triumphal arch
640:Filippo Brunelleschi
448:church in the world.
191:World Heritage Sites
43:Filippo Brunelleschi
2939:Automotive industry
2878:Metropolitan cities
2424:Early Modern period
2397:Kingdom of Sardinia
2348:Italian city-states
1385:Pier Paolo Maggiora
1266:Massimiliano Fuksas
1207:Marcello Piacentini
1138:Marcello Piacentini
1111:Giovanni Michelucci
1064:Palazzo Castiglioni
1034:Palazzo Castiglioni
1014:Modern architecture
989:Teatro Carlo Felice
987:, (Posagno, 1819),
846:San Simeone Piccolo
823:Basilica di Superga
803:Basilica of Superga
777:Giacomo della Porta
591:Florence Baptistery
454:Gothic architecture
427:Gothic architecture
384:Piazza dei Miracoli
371:Piazza dei Miracoli
264:Baths of Diocletian
152:Temple of Concordia
51:architectural style
3001:Telecommunications
2368:Maritime republics
1801:2013-03-28 at the
1635:2013-03-28 at the
1611:2013-03-28 at the
1534:2012-01-15 at the
1381:Palasport Olimpico
1304:in Venice and the
1250:
1171:
1122:Novecento Italiano
1056:Giuseppe Sommaruga
1045:
1040:, designed in the
1004:Galleria Umberto I
961:
955:Glass roof of the
918:
884:Neoclassical style
865:Alessandro Galilei
807:
708:
636:Florence Cathedral
632:
629:Florence Cathedral
602:Cathedral of Milan
567:
548:
450:
375:
343:St Mark's Basilica
300:
296:Monreale Cathedral
217:
160:
107:sustainable design
98:Florence cathedral
47:
3952:
3951:
3449:
3448:
3416:
3415:
3051:
3050:
2986:Southern question
2906:
2905:
2838:Political parties
2786:Foreign relations
2758:
2757:
2611:
2610:
2332:Kingdom of Naples
2320:Kingdom of Sicily
1805:, ItalyTravel.com
1756:Banister Fletcher
1687:978-3-936681-16-1
1639:, ItalyTravel.com
1615:, ItalyTravel.com
1591:, ItalyTravel.com
1538:, ItalyTravel.com
1359:, both in Rome),
1282:Old Port of Genoa
1274:Stadio San Nicola
1203:Giuseppe Terragni
1191:Giuseppe Terragni
1091:Giuseppe Terragni
1083:Antonio Sant'Elia
1081:was pioneered by
995:(Livorno, 1829).
973:San Carlo Theatre
912:The Neoclassical
872:Kingdom of Naples
727:for inspiration.
721:Cosimo de' Medici
719:, who worked for
638:, carried out by
555:Palazzo Senatorio
260:aqueducts of Rome
16:(Redirected from
3972:
3490:Sovereign states
3476:
3469:
3462:
3453:
3452:
3439:
3438:
3431:Italy portal
3428:
3427:
3368:National symbols
3062:
3061:
2917:
2916:
2769:
2768:
2622:
2621:
2502:Kingdom of Italy
2429:Napoleonic Italy
1968:
1967:
1944:
1937:
1930:
1921:
1920:
1897:
1896:
1868:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1843:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1830:
1821:. Archived from
1815:
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1425:
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1375:" in Milan) and
1369:Daniel Libeskind
1323:, renovation of
1195:Adalberto Libera
1099:Adalberto Libera
985:Tempio Canoviano
979:(Naples, 1817),
975:(Naples, 1810),
946:Classical Athens
914:Tempio Canoviano
876:Luigi Vanvitelli
874:, the architect
745:present building
561:. It has been a
184:Valle dei Templi
156:Valle dei Templi
21:
3980:
3979:
3975:
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3971:
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3969:
3955:
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3852:
3806:
3792:Northern Cyprus
3765:
3662:North Macedonia
3485:
3480:
3450:
3445:
3425:
3412:
3383:Public holidays
3214:
3160:Life expectancy
3047:
2902:
2818:Law enforcement
2754:
2607:
2554:
2543:Social Republic
2507:Colonial Empire
2490:Capture of Rome
2443:
2336:
2245:
2138:Ancient peoples
2126:
2063:
2024:Historic states
1982:
1957:
1948:
1906:
1901:
1900:
1869:
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1855:
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1845:
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1837:
1828:
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1809:
1803:Wayback Machine
1794:
1790:
1780:Renato De Fusco
1778:
1774:
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1637:Wayback Machine
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1399:
1397:
1306:"Museo" station
1238:
1160:
1154:
1130:Pietro Aschieri
1103:Villa Malaparte
1095:Casa del Fascio
1027:
1022:
1016:
983:(Padua, 1816),
969:Arco della Pace
930:Andrea Palladio
906:
900:
892:Ferdinando Fuga
819:Filippo Juvarra
795:
789:
753:Donato Bramante
613:Classical style
524:
516:Main articles:
514:
501:Milan Cathedral
442:Milan Cathedral
435:
429:
355:
288:
205:
199:
144:
136:Main articles:
134:
23:
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15:
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5:
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3896:
3891:
3889:Pre-Romanesque
3886:
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3854:
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3739:United Kingdom
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3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
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3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3552:Czech Republic
3549:
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3013:
3008:
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2998:
2993:
2991:Stock exchange
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2963:
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2901:
2900:
2895:
2893:Municipalities
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2853:Prime Minister
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2835:
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2740:Regional parks
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2735:National parks
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2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
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2695:
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2644:Climate change
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2407:Duchy of Savoy
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2315:Lombard League
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2253:
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2247:
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2242:
2241:
2240:
2239:
2237:Western Empire
2229:
2224:
2222:Roman conquest
2219:
2214:
2204:
2203:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2176:
2175:
2170:
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2160:
2155:
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2143:Italic peoples
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1905:
1904:External links
1902:
1899:
1898:
1885:10.2307/989580
1879:(2): 109–127.
1863:
1835:
1807:
1788:
1772:
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1719:(in Italian).
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1353:Jubilee Church
1329:Michele Valori
1302:Palazzo Grassi
1237:
1234:
1156:Main article:
1153:
1150:
1134:Giovanni Muzio
1060:Ernesto Basile
1026:
1023:
1018:Main article:
1015:
1012:
981:Pedrocchi Café
902:Main article:
899:
896:
857:Trevi Fountain
825:, near Turin.
791:Main article:
788:
785:
733:
732:
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695:
670:triumphal arch
666:
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648:
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595:Pisa Cathedral
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458:Italian Gothic
446:fourth-largest
431:Main article:
428:
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167:, Tuscany and
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3259:
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3097:
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3019:
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3009:
3007:
3004:
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2999:
2997:
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2989:
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2632:
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2627:
2626:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2614:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2586:Years of Lead
2584:
2582:
2581:Economic Boom
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2568:
2567:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2557:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2524:Fascist Italy
2522:
2518:
2515:
2514:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2499:
2498:
2495:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2470:Niçard exodus
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2457:
2456:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2446:
2440:
2437:
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2425:
2422:
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2326:
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2318:
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2301:
2299:
2296:
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2289:
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2259:
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2255:
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2238:
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2234:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2209:
2208:
2205:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2190:Magna Graecia
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2145:
2144:
2141:
2140:
2139:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2129:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
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2081:
2078:
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2076:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2066:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1991:
1989:
1985:
1979:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1945:
1940:
1938:
1933:
1931:
1926:
1925:
1922:
1915:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1867:
1852:
1848:
1842:
1840:
1825:on 2004-08-15
1824:
1820:
1814:
1812:
1804:
1800:
1797:
1792:
1785:
1781:
1776:
1769:
1768:0-7506-2267-9
1765:
1761:
1757:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1732:
1730:9788854188075
1726:
1722:
1718:
1717:
1709:
1693:
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1598:
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1579:
1563:
1559:
1553:
1544:
1537:
1533:
1530:
1525:
1510:
1506:
1500:
1486:on 2009-12-06
1485:
1481:
1475:
1471:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
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1438:
1436:
1433:
1432:
1428:
1418:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1405:
1402:
1392:
1391:" in Milan).
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1377:Arata Isozaki
1374:
1371:(skyscraper "
1370:
1366:
1362:
1361:Norman Foster
1358:
1354:
1350:
1349:Richard Meier
1347:" in Milan),
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1313:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1247:
1246:Pirelli Tower
1242:
1233:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1214:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1168:
1164:
1159:
1149:
1147:
1143:
1142:Neoclassicism
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1085:and hence by
1084:
1080:
1076:
1071:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1052:Liberty style
1049:
1043:
1042:Liberty style
1039:
1035:
1031:
1021:
1011:
1009:
1005:
1001:
996:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
971:(Milan), the
970:
966:
965:Luigi Cagnola
958:
953:
949:
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
915:
910:
905:
895:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
868:
866:
862:
858:
854:
853:Spanish Steps
849:
847:
843:
839:
836:, evident in
835:
831:
826:
824:
820:
816:
812:
804:
799:
794:
784:
782:
781:Carlo Maderno
778:
774:
770:
769:Pirro Ligorio
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
730:
729:
728:
726:
722:
718:
714:
705:
702:Courtyard of
700:
693:
692:
691:
689:
684:
680:
676:
671:
663:
662:
661:
659:
658:Gothic period
654:
646:
645:
644:
641:
637:
630:
625:
618:
617:
616:
614:
609:
607:
603:
598:
596:
592:
586:
584:
580:
576:
572:
564:
560:
556:
552:
545:
541:
537:
533:
530:Tempietto di
528:
523:
519:
506:
502:
498:
495:
492:
489:
485:
484:
483:
480:
478:
474:
471:
466:
464:
463:French Gothic
459:
455:
447:
443:
439:
434:
424:
422:
417:
414:
410:
409:groined vault
405:
403:
399:
395:
393:
389:
385:
381:
372:
368:
367:Leaning Tower
364:
359:
350:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
327:
323:
321:
316:
311:
309:
305:
297:
292:
283:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
248:
246:
241:
236:
234:
230:
226:
222:
214:
209:
204:
194:
192:
189:
185:
180:
177:
176:Magna Graecia
172:
170:
166:
157:
153:
148:
143:
139:
129:
127:
123:
118:
116:
115:Carlo Mollino
112:
108:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
82:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
44:
40:
37:cathedral in
36:
31:
27:
19:
3944:Contemporary
3924:Neoclassical
3802:Transnistria
3761:Vatican City
3268:Architecture
3238:Quattrocento
3195:Social class
3175:Prostitution
3089:Demographics
3011:Trade unions
2954:Central Bank
2796:Human rights
2776:Constitution
2559:Contemporary
2529:World War II
2417:Italian Wars
2341:Early modern
2283:Papal States
2261:Italy under
2207:Ancient Rome
1910:Joseph Woods
1876:
1872:
1866:
1854:. Retrieved
1850:
1827:. Retrieved
1823:the original
1791:
1783:
1775:
1759:
1734:. Retrieved
1715:
1708:
1696:. Retrieved
1669:
1659:
1650:
1644:
1565:. Retrieved
1561:
1552:
1543:
1524:
1513:. Retrieved
1499:
1488:. Retrieved
1484:the original
1474:
1415:Architecture
1314:
1310:Naples Metro
1251:
1218:ancient Rome
1215:
1201:branch with
1187:Gino Pollini
1183:Luigi Figini
1173:Rationalist-
1172:
1119:
1075:Razionalismo
1072:
1046:
997:
962:
942:Ancient Rome
919:
869:
850:
838:Villa Pisani
827:
808:
765:Michelangelo
734:
709:
677:adapted the
667:
650:
633:
627:Dome of the
610:
599:
587:
577:grew out of
568:
490:architecture
481:
467:
451:
418:
406:
396:
376:
324:
312:
306:. After the
301:
249:
237:
218:
197:Ancient Rome
181:
173:
161:
119:
83:
63:Palladianism
55:ancient Rome
48:
26:
3914:Renaissance
3843:Isle of Man
3724:Switzerland
3657:Netherlands
3333:Italophilia
3293:Coat of arm
3243:Cinquecento
3119:Immigration
3069:Aristocracy
2934:Agriculture
2828:Nationality
2801:LGBT rights
2715:Earthquakes
2596:Mani pulite
2512:World War I
2455:Unification
2448:Late modern
2412:Renaissance
2257:Middle Ages
2250:Middle Ages
2227:Roman Italy
1994:Citizenship
1698:22 November
1651:Gothic Art.
1333:it:Corviale
1327:in Milan),
1317:Mario Botta
1270:Gae Aulenti
1262:Renzo Piano
1260:(1990) and
1048:Art Nouveau
938:Herculaneum
916:in Possagno
844:(1721) and
688:giant order
571:Renaissance
538:, 1502, by
507:in Bologna.
470:Benedictine
111:Renzo Piano
3939:Postmodern
3929:Revivalism
3894:Romanesque
3652:Montenegro
3632:Luxembourg
3612:Kazakhstan
3517:Azerbaijan
3403:Traditions
3393:Television
3378:Philosophy
3343:Literature
3283:Cathedrals
3253:Settecento
3114:Healthcare
3079:Corruption
3074:Censorship
2833:Parliament
2791:Government
2591:Maxi Trial
2539:Resistance
2268:Ostrogoths
2200:Messapians
2085:Villanovan
2075:Prehistory
2068:Prehistory
1829:2005-04-10
1515:2010-03-25
1490:2010-03-25
1466:References
1337:Zaha Hadid
1258:Aldo Rossi
1226:simplicity
1211:La Burbera
993:Cisternone
805:near Turin
717:Michelozzo
706:, Florence
583:Golden Age
579:Romanesque
488:Cistercian
473:Cistercian
413:buttresses
272:town walls
266:, and the
245:hydraulics
240:triclinium
150:The Greek
3879:Byzantine
3864:Neolithic
3828:Gibraltar
3627:Lithuania
3363:Mythology
3338:Libraries
3258:Ottocento
3200:Terrorism
3141:Languages
3094:Education
3016:Transport
2966:Companies
2873:Provinces
2843:President
2808:Judiciary
2781:Elections
2693:Volcanoes
2688:Volcanism
2681:Apennines
2666:Mountains
2634:Peninsula
2617:Geography
2548:Civil War
2273:Byzantium
2180:Etruscans
2115:Canegrate
2110:Golasecca
2095:Rinaldone
2090:Terramare
2080:Neolithic
1786:. p. 443.
1736:19 August
1674:Stuttgart
1562:bbc.co.uk
1389:Il Dritto
1357:Ara Pacis
1345:Lo Storto
1298:EUR, Rome
1276:in Bari,
1199:modernist
1148:in Rome.
1126:Gio Ponti
1097:, Como),
1070:in Rome.
725:Colosseum
563:town hall
322:in Rome.
320:catacombs
268:Colosseum
233:Vitruvius
225:Selinunte
221:Agrigento
213:Colosseum
86:Colosseum
75:Australia
3959:Category
3848:Svalbard
3833:Guernsey
3777:Abkhazia
3749:Scotland
3709:Slovenia
3704:Slovakia
3684:Portugal
3537:Bulgaria
3441:Category
3328:Internet
3318:Folklore
3248:Seicento
3233:Trecento
3228:Duecento
3190:Religion
3151:Regional
3129:Italians
3104:Gambling
2996:Taxation
2823:Military
2764:Politics
2566:Republic
2353:Florence
2278:Lombards
2217:Republic
2163:Samnites
2158:Picentes
2100:Apennine
2059:Railways
2039:Military
1987:By topic
1971:Overview
1955:articles
1912:(1828),
1856:10 April
1799:Archived
1692:Archived
1633:Archived
1609:Archived
1567:10 April
1532:Archived
1509:Archived
1395:See also
1373:Il Curvo
1325:La Scala
1222:symmetry
1209:and the
1179:Gruppo 7
1087:Gruppo 7
959:in Milan
855:and the
540:Bramante
477:Burgundy
386:and the
365:and the
339:Monreale
315:basilica
298:, Sicily
165:Volterra
158:, Sicily
77:and the
39:Florence
3919:Baroque
3909:Ottoman
3884:Moorish
3857:History
3744:England
3734:Ukraine
3689:Romania
3677:Silesia
3642:Moldova
3602:Ireland
3597:Iceland
3592:Hungary
3582:Germany
3577:Georgia
3567:Finland
3562:Estonia
3557:Denmark
3542:Croatia
3527:Belgium
3522:Belarus
3512:Austria
3507:Armenia
3502:Andorra
3497:Albania
3398:Theatre
3373:Palaces
3353:Museums
3323:Gardens
3308:Fashion
3298:Cuisine
3278:Castles
3220:Culture
3170:Poverty
3146:Italian
3057:Society
3038:Welfare
3006:Tourism
2976:Exports
2944:Banking
2924:Economy
2912:Economy
2868:Regions
2750:Valleys
2720:Islands
2700:Beaches
2671:Prealps
2651:Geology
2639:Climate
2303:Normans
2263:Odoacer
2212:Kingdom
2195:Ligures
2131:Ancient
2105:Nuragic
2054:Postage
2029:Judaism
2019:Genetic
2009:Fashion
2004:Economy
1963:History
1401:Portals
1308:of the
934:Pompeii
870:In the
757:Raphael
749:Baroque
444:is the
369:in the
335:Palermo
229:Paestum
215:in Rome
169:Perugia
154:in the
3934:Modern
3904:Gothic
3838:Jersey
3782:Kosovo
3729:Turkey
3719:Sweden
3699:Serbia
3694:Russia
3672:Poland
3667:Norway
3647:Monaco
3617:Latvia
3587:Greece
3572:France
3547:Cyprus
3429:
3303:Design
3288:Cinema
3263:Anthem
3185:Racism
3134:People
3109:Health
2971:Energy
2961:Brands
2888:Comune
2883:Cities
2745:Rivers
2705:Canals
2388:Amalfi
2373:Venice
2232:Empire
2173:Veneti
2148:Latins
2120:Latial
1953:
1893:989580
1891:
1766:
1727:
1684:
1678:London
1284:, and
1109:) and
1008:Naples
830:Veneto
779:, and
606:Gothic
575:Gothic
402:Norman
373:, Pisa
347:Venice
331:Cefalu
262:, the
256:arches
252:vaults
188:UNESCO
102:Venice
92:, the
88:, the
3818:Ă…land
3754:Wales
3714:Spain
3637:Malta
3607:Italy
3388:Sport
3358:Music
3348:Media
3210:Women
3084:Crime
2949:Banks
2725:Lakes
2710:Caves
2661:Flora
2656:Fauna
2378:Genoa
2363:Milan
2358:Siena
2298:Arabs
2185:Celts
2168:Umbri
2044:Music
2014:Flags
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