103:
405:
1061:
619:
129:
551:
527:
829:
539:
1512:, where it is most commonly excavated. Despite the fact that this semiprecious gemstone is classified as “stone”, wood anatomy reveals it was fossilized pieces of trunks of Araucariacea. Oltustone, also called ‘Black Amber’ is unique to Turkey. It is dull and black, but when polished, acquires an attractive black sheen.
507:
Female cones are also very large. They are spherical to ovoid in shape and borne erect on thick, short shoots at branch tips. The numerous bracts and scales are either fused to each other or separate for half of their lengths. The scales almost always bear only one seed on its upper surface, in
512:). They are very large, among the largest seeds among conifers. They are dispersed by wind, usually using wing-like structures. On maturity, the female cones detach and fall to the ground. Due to their size, they can cause serious injuries if they hit a person. The cones of the bunya bunya,
1484:
Several species are very popular ornamental trees in gardens in subtropical regions, and some are also very important timber trees, producing wood of high quality. Several have edible seeds similar to pine nuts, and others produce valuable
591:
2071:
Stull, Gregory W.; Qu, Xiao-Jian; Parins-Fukuchi, Caroline; Yang, Ying-Ying; Yang, Jun-Bo; Yang, Zhi-Yun; Hu, Yi; Ma, Hong; Soltis, Pamela S.; Soltis, Douglas E.; Li, De-Zhu (July 19, 2021).
421:
Members of
Araucariaceae are typically extremely tall evergreen trees, reaching heights of 60 m (200 ft) or more. They can also grow very large stem diameters; a New Zealand
504:
arranged in whorls or spirals. Each has four to 20 elongated pollen sacs attached to the lower surface at one end. The pollen grains are round and do not possess wings or air sacs.
2468:
Pye, Matthew G.; Henwood, Murray J.; Gadek, Paul A. (2009). "Differential levels of genetic diversity and divergence among populations of an ancient
Australian rainforest conifer,
1504:
Skillful artisans in the
Erzurum Province, Turkey, have used fossilized wood of Araucariaceae for centuries to manufacture jewelry and decorative items. It is known as "
1458:
By far the greatest diversity is in New
Caledonia (18 species), with others in Australia, Argentina, New Zealand, Chile, southern Brazil, and Malesia. In Malesia,
1588:
211:
474:
The leaves can be small, needle-like, and curved, or they can be large, broadly ovate, and flattened. They are spirally arranged, persistent, and usually have
441:
of 491 cm (16.11 ft). Its total wood volume is calculated to be 516.7 m (18,250 cu ft), making it the third-largest conifer after
518:, for example, weigh up to 10 kg (22 lb), about the size and weight of a large pineapple. They can drop from heights of 23 m (75 ft).
2418:
Kershaw, Peter; Wagstaff, Barbara (2001). "The
Southern Conifer Family Araucariaceae: History, Status, and Value for Paleoenvironmental Reconstruction".
2210:"Emwadea microcarpa gen. et sp. nov.—anatomically preserved araucarian seed cones from the Winton Formation (late Albian), western Queensland, Australia"
1813:
1549:
471:. The branching is usually horizontal and tiered, arising regularly in whorls of three to seven branches or alternating in widely separated pairs.
2917:
2167:
Leslie, Andrew B.; Beaulieu, Jeremy; Holman, Garth; Campbell, Christopher S.; Mei, Wenbin; Raubeson, Linda R.; Mathews, Sarah (September 2018).
1561:
2956:
2265:"Wairarapaia mildenhallii gen. et sp. nov., a New Araucarian Cone Related to Wollemia from the Cretaceous (Albian-Cenomanian) of New Zealand"
1620:
326:
3069:
1555:
335:
1997:
Derived from papers by A. Farjon and C. J. Quinn & R. A. Price in the
Proceedings of the Fourth International Conifer Conference,
1606:
308:
2865:
2310:
Escapa, Ignacio H.; Iglesias, Ari; Wilf, Peter; Catalano, Santiago A.; Caraballo-Ortiz, Marcos A.; Rubén Cúneo, N. (August 2018).
2930:
2878:
2764:
1904:
1870:
492:
Male cones are among the largest among all conifer cones, on average. They are cylindrical and drooping, somewhat resembling
1493:. In the forests where they occur, they are usually dominant trees, often the largest species in the forest; the largest is
388:
periods, in their native distribution they are now largely confined to the
Southern Hemisphere, except for a few species of
2935:
2639:
583:. The division includes all living conifers. Recently however, some authorities treat Araucariaceae as a separate order,
2818:
1947:
102:
2961:
2904:
3010:
1085:
Endemic to
Australia. It was known only from fossil remains before the discovery of the living species in 1994.
2943:
1828:
1431:
Molecular evidence supports
Araucariaceae and Podocarpaceae having diverged from each other during the late
2769:
1690:"New amber deposit provides evidence of Early Paleogene extinctions, paleoclimates, and past distributions"
2073:"Gene duplications and phylogenomic conflict underlie major pulses of phenotypic evolution in gymnosperms"
128:
2751:
2312:"Agathis trees of Patagonia's Cretaceous-Paleogene death landscapes and their evolutionary significance"
404:
3005:
2857:
2831:
628:
234:
3064:
2971:
838:
438:
2883:
2209:
2852:
2742:
2632:
712:
3059:
2997:
2826:
2704:
730:
704:
689:
637:
531:
111:
3074:
2992:
2922:
2844:
2431:
1894:
1860:
927:
919:
2984:
2790:
2590:
2581:
Stockey, Ruth A (1994). "Mesozoic
Araucariaceae: morphology and systematic relationships".
2561:
2481:
2448:
2221:
2084:
979:
847:
779:
719:
681:
674:
443:
2439:
Krasilov, Valentin A (1978). "Araucariaceae as indicators of climate and paleolatitudes".
1649:
1592:
from the Middle Jurassic of Argentina and England respectively. The oldest records of the
8:
2136:"First Report of Araucariaceae wood (Agathoxylon sp.) from the Late Cretaceous of Turkey"
1921:
1637:
1582:
1521:
1497:, reported to 89 m tall in New Guinea, with several other species reaching 50–65 m tall.
1462:
extends a short distance into the Northern Hemisphere, reaching 18°N in the Philippines.
955:
737:
697:
663:
514:
2594:
2565:
2485:
2452:
2225:
2088:
2016:"Phylogenetic Analysis of Araucariaceae: Integrating Molecules, Morphology, and Fossils"
1501:, the Norfolk Island pine, is a well-known landscaping and house plant from this taxon.
1060:
481:
Like other conifers, they produce cones. Each tree can have both male and female cones (
3031:
2839:
2625:
2606:
2532:
2497:
2410:
2359:
2292:
2245:
2116:
2053:
2015:
1712:
1689:
939:
911:
875:
786:
772:
758:
751:
656:
645:
123:
2264:
1973:
437:("The Lord of the Forest") has been measured at 45.2 m (148 ft) tall with a
2979:
2777:
2573:
2540:
2460:
2351:
2343:
2284:
2249:
2237:
2190:
2120:
2108:
2100:
2072:
2045:
1900:
1866:
1572:, though there are potential earlier Late Triassic records. Early representatives of
947:
863:
744:
577:
475:
427:
413:
2610:
2501:
2363:
2296:
2057:
1716:
3036:
2651:
2598:
2569:
2522:
2489:
2456:
2427:
2406:
2382:"Tertiary Araucariaceae from South-eastern Australia, with notes on living species"
2333:
2323:
2276:
2229:
2180:
2169:"An overview of extant conifer evolution from the perspective of the fossil record"
2147:
2092:
2035:
2027:
1787:
1704:
1666:
1615:
1077:
1003:
570:
563:
555:
2782:
2756:
2233:
1577:
1238:
1194:
1019:
987:
972:
891:
765:
543:
468:
2948:
618:
2381:
2096:
1765:
1743:
1569:
1537:
1104:
of molecular data. It shows the position of Araucariaceae within the division.
1027:
995:
799:
449:
153:
2511:"Phylogenetic relationships within Araucariaceae based on rbcL gene sequences"
2493:
2152:
2135:
433:
408:
3053:
2727:
2672:
2347:
2288:
2241:
2104:
2049:
1543:
1163:
1011:
795:
299:
281:
59:
1951:
590:
3023:
2682:
2544:
2355:
2194:
2112:
1216:
868:
454:
317:
196:
116:
2552:
Stockey, Ruth A (1982). "The Araucariaceae: an evolutionary perspective".
1475:
2891:
2736:
2677:
1661:
1531:
1525:
1052:
1036:
290:
272:
34:
2386:
Australian Journal of Scientific Research Series B (Biological Sciences)
1708:
1479:
550:
2602:
2536:
2338:
1628:
of New Zealand. The oldest fossils currently confidently assignable to
1625:
1601:
1505:
1101:
932:
852:
807:
501:
482:
381:
220:
166:
79:
44:
2328:
2311:
2185:
2168:
2040:
1471:
2896:
2803:
2648:
2617:
1641:
1097:
1044:
856:
811:
803:
580:
573:
486:
385:
356:
257:
228:
84:
2909:
2870:
2698:
2527:
2510:
526:
3018:
2721:
2687:
2662:
2397:
Kendall, Mabel W (1949). "A Jurassic member of the Araucariaceae".
2280:
2031:
1896:
The European Garden Flora: Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae, Angiospermae
1260:
1121:
1048:
828:
509:
377:
368:
264:
74:
69:
54:
49:
39:
2808:
2208:
Dettmann, Mary E.; Clifford, H. Trevor; Peters, Mark (June 2012).
1652:
of the same region, which date to the very end of the Cretaceous.
1432:
1040:
968:
880:
597:
Araucariaceae contains three extant genera and about 41 species.
566:
538:
393:
362:
250:
186:
176:
89:
64:
1611:
1520:
Fossils widely believed to belong to Araucariaceae include the
884:
819:
493:
354:– is a family of coniferous trees, with three living genera,
2795:
1490:
1486:
815:
465:
422:
373:
140:
2166:
1811:
1568:
The oldest definitive records of Araucariaceae are from the
1509:
964:
497:
461:
2309:
2014:
Escapa, Ignacio H.; Catalano, Santiago A. (October 2013).
2070:
1328:
Relationships between living members of Araucariaceae.
496:. They are borne singly on the tips of branches or the
2207:
1688:
Poinar, George; Archibald, Bruce; Brown, Alex (1999).
1023:—Queensland kauri (Queensland, Australia; New Guinea)
2214:
Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology
1858:
1687:
1648:-like leaves are also known from the slightly older
2263:Cantrill, David J.; Raine, J. Ian (November 2006).
2009:
2007:
1892:
1455:, distributed largely in the Southern Hemisphere.
460:The trunks are columnar and have relatively large
1768:. University of California Museum of Paleontology
372:. While the family was a common component of the
3051:
2004:
2467:
2417:
1644:, approximately 64.67–63.49 million years ago.
2013:
1950:. Wayne's Word, Paloma College. Archived from
1945:
1576:are widespread across both hemispheres by the
1443:Today, 41 species are known, in three genera:
485:) or they can have only male or female cones (
2633:
2379:
2262:
1974:"Araucaria biwillii (Bunya pine) description"
1862:Conifers of the world: the complete reference
1681:
521:
1438:
2640:
2626:
2127:
1899:. Cambridge University Press. p. 72.
101:
2526:
2508:
2337:
2327:
2184:
2151:
2039:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1812:Fu Liguo; Li Nan; Robert R. Mill (1999).
1766:"Araucariaceae: life history and ecology"
2509:Setoguchi, Hiroaki; et al. (1998).
2438:
2432:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.32.081501.114059
2420:Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics
589:
549:
537:
525:
403:
2580:
2551:
2396:
2269:International Journal of Plant Sciences
2020:International Journal of Plant Sciences
1919:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1848:
3052:
2647:
2380:Cookson, I. C.; Duigan, S. L. (1951).
2133:
1879:
1508:", the name deriving from the town of
1070:W.G. Jones, K.D. Hill & J.M. Allen
562:Araucariaceae is classified under the
508:contrast to two in true pines (family
453:(both from the Cupressaceae subfamily
2703:
2702:
2621:
2554:Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology
2441:Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology
1948:"The Araucaria Family: Araucariaceae"
1738:
1736:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1726:
2972:925f7e2c-c5b6-4ca8-b86f-be26302ad204
2819:8734d3c2-9585-419a-989b-9e31a73ed07c
1941:
1939:
1845:
1807:
1805:
1780:
3070:Extant Hettangian first appearances
1966:
1913:
1758:
1043:, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea,
983:—bull kauri (Queensland, Australia)
13:
3011:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77126765-1
2411:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a083211
2373:
1723:
411:("Lord of the Forest"), a massive
14:
3086:
1936:
1802:
1640:of Patagonia, which dates to the
500:of leaves. They contain numerous
1515:
1059:
827:
798:(where 13 species are endemic),
617:
127:
95:(possible Late Triassic records)
32:
2474:Plant Systematics and Evolution
2303:
2256:
2201:
2160:
2064:
1991:
399:
1:
1859:James E. Eckenwalder (2009).
1675:
693:- Moreton Bay pine, hoop pine
2574:10.1016/0034-6667(82)90041-0
2461:10.1016/0034-6667(78)90008-8
2234:10.1080/03115518.2012.622155
2134:Kutluk; et al. (2012).
1865:. Timber Press. p. 70.
1091:
999:—white kauri (New Caledonia)
7:
1893:Stuart Max Walters (1986).
1655:
907:)—Bindang (eastern Malesia)
867:—kauri, New Zealand kauri (
794:19 living species found in
10:
3091:
2515:American Journal of Botany
2316:American Journal of Botany
2173:American Journal of Botany
2097:10.1038/s41477-021-00964-4
1469:
1100:of the Pinophyta based on
851:—black kauri, blue kauri (
2711:
2658:
2583:Journal of Plant Research
2494:10.1007/s00606-008-0120-1
2153:10.1163/22941932-90000097
1790:. The Gymnosperm Database
1746:. The Gymnosperm Database
1697:The Canadian Entomologist
1388:
1373:
1366:
1351:
1344:
1336:
1258:
1251:
1236:
1229:
1214:
1207:
1192:
1185:
1161:
1148:
1141:
1134:
1119:
1112:
522:Classification and genera
439:diameter at breast height
246:
241:
226:
219:
124:Scientific classification
122:
109:
100:
23:
1621:Wairarapaia mildenhallii
1439:Distribution and habitat
963:)—Pacific kauri, dakua (
1978:The Gymnosperm Database
1465:
713:Araucaria humboldtensis
2470:Araucaria cunninghamii
1924:. University of Hawaii
1827:: 9–10. Archived from
1589:Araucaria sphaerocarpa
731:Araucaria laubenfelsii
705:Araucaria heterophylla
690:Araucaria cunninghamii
638:Araucaria angustifolia
594:
559:
547:
535:
532:Araucaria heterophylla
418:
285:(leaves, ovulate cone)
112:Araucaria angustifolia
30:Early Jurassic–Present
2993:Paleobiology Database
1476:Araucaria § Uses
1470:Further information:
928:Agathis labillardieri
920:Agathis kinabaluensis
915:(Peninsular Malaysia)
708:– Norfolk Island pine
593:
553:
541:
529:
417:tree from New Zealand
407:
2816:Euro+Med PlantBase:
1946:Wayne P. Armstrong.
1495:Araucaria hunsteinii
1480:Wollemia § Uses
980:Agathis microstachya
848:Agathis atropurpurea
780:Araucaria scopulorum
720:Araucaria hunsteinii
682:Araucaria columnaris
675:Araucaria biramulata
376:globally during the
214:& W. Hochstetter
2595:1994JPlR..107..493S
2566:1982RPaPa..37..133S
2486:2009PSyEv.277..173P
2453:1978RPaPa..26..113K
2226:2012Alch...36..217D
2089:2021NatPl...7.1015S
1954:on December 3, 2011
1788:"Agathis australis"
1709:10.4039/ent131171-2
1638:Salamanca Formation
1583:Araucaria mirabilis
1472:Agathis § Uses
956:Agathis macrophylla
738:Araucaria luxurians
698:Araucaria goroensis
664:Araucaria bidwillii
649:– monkey-puzzle or
515:Araucaria bidwillii
2603:10.1007/BF02344070
1999:Acta Horticulturae
1634:Agathis immortalis
1607:Emwadea microcarpa
1102:cladistic analysis
940:Agathis lanceolata
912:Agathis flavescens
876:Agathis borneensis
787:Araucaria subulata
773:Araucaria schmidii
759:Araucaria nemorosa
752:Araucaria muelleri
657:Araucaria bernieri
646:Araucaria araucana
595:
560:
548:
536:
419:
321:(foliage, in part)
303:(foliage, in part)
3047:
3046:
2980:Open Tree of Life
2705:Taxon identifiers
2696:
2695:
2521:(11): 1507–1516.
2329:10.1002/ajb2.1127
2186:10.1002/ajb2.1143
1906:978-0-521-24859-4
1872:978-0-88192-974-4
1650:Lefipán Formation
1618:of Australia and
1600:lineage from the
1428:
1427:
1419:
1418:
1410:
1409:
1401:
1400:
1325:
1324:
1316:
1315:
1307:
1306:
1298:
1297:
1289:
1288:
1280:
1279:
1271:
1270:
1174:
1173:
1089:
1088:
1071:
948:Agathis lenticula
864:Agathis australis
841:
745:Araucaria montana
631:
476:parallel venation
428:Agathis australis
414:Agathis australis
345:
344:
215:
3082:
3065:Pinales families
3040:
3039:
3027:
3026:
3014:
3013:
3001:
3000:
2988:
2987:
2975:
2974:
2965:
2964:
2952:
2951:
2949:NBNSYS0000159416
2939:
2938:
2926:
2925:
2913:
2912:
2900:
2899:
2887:
2886:
2874:
2873:
2861:
2860:
2848:
2847:
2835:
2834:
2822:
2821:
2812:
2811:
2799:
2798:
2786:
2785:
2773:
2772:
2760:
2759:
2747:
2746:
2745:
2732:
2731:
2730:
2700:
2699:
2642:
2635:
2628:
2619:
2618:
2614:
2577:
2560:(1–2): 133–154.
2548:
2530:
2505:
2480:(3/4): 173–185.
2464:
2447:(1–4): 113–124.
2435:
2414:
2399:Annals of Botany
2393:
2368:
2367:
2341:
2331:
2322:(8): 1345–1368.
2307:
2301:
2300:
2275:(6): 1259–1269.
2260:
2254:
2253:
2205:
2199:
2198:
2188:
2179:(9): 1531–1544.
2164:
2158:
2157:
2155:
2131:
2125:
2124:
2083:(8): 1015–1025.
2068:
2062:
2061:
2043:
2026:(8): 1153–1170.
2011:
2002:
1995:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1970:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1943:
1934:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1917:
1911:
1910:
1890:
1877:
1876:
1856:
1843:
1842:
1840:
1839:
1833:
1818:
1809:
1800:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1784:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1762:
1756:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1740:
1721:
1720:
1694:
1685:
1667:Te Matua Ngahere
1624:from the Albian-
1616:Winton Formation
1369:
1368:
1347:
1346:
1339:
1338:
1332:
1331:
1254:
1253:
1232:
1231:
1210:
1209:
1188:
1187:
1144:
1143:
1137:
1136:
1115:
1114:
1108:
1107:
1078:Wollemia nobilis
1069:
1063:
1004:Agathis orbicula
905:A. loranthifolia
837:
831:
627:
621:
600:
599:
556:Wollemia nobilis
350:– also known as
210:
132:
131:
105:
94:
31:
27:Temporal range:
21:
20:
16:Family of plants
3090:
3089:
3085:
3084:
3083:
3081:
3080:
3079:
3050:
3049:
3048:
3043:
3035:
3030:
3022:
3017:
3009:
3004:
2996:
2991:
2983:
2978:
2970:
2968:
2960:
2955:
2947:
2942:
2934:
2929:
2921:
2916:
2908:
2903:
2895:
2890:
2882:
2877:
2869:
2864:
2856:
2851:
2843:
2838:
2830:
2825:
2817:
2815:
2807:
2802:
2794:
2789:
2781:
2776:
2768:
2763:
2755:
2750:
2741:
2740:
2735:
2726:
2725:
2720:
2707:
2697:
2692:
2678:Sciadopityaceae
2654:
2646:
2528:10.2307/2446478
2405:(50): 151–161.
2376:
2374:Further reading
2371:
2308:
2304:
2261:
2257:
2206:
2202:
2165:
2161:
2132:
2128:
2069:
2065:
2012:
2005:
1996:
1992:
1982:
1980:
1972:
1971:
1967:
1957:
1955:
1944:
1937:
1927:
1925:
1922:"Araucariaceae"
1918:
1914:
1907:
1891:
1880:
1873:
1857:
1846:
1837:
1835:
1834:on May 24, 2011
1831:
1816:
1814:"Araucariaceae"
1810:
1803:
1793:
1791:
1786:
1785:
1781:
1771:
1769:
1764:
1763:
1759:
1749:
1747:
1744:"Araucariaceae"
1742:
1741:
1724:
1692:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1672:
1658:
1578:Middle Jurassic
1518:
1499:A. heterophylla
1482:
1468:
1441:
1429:
1420:
1411:
1402:
1326:
1317:
1308:
1299:
1290:
1281:
1272:
1239:Cephalotaxaceae
1195:Sciadopityaceae
1175:
1094:
1020:Agathis robusta
1015:(New Caledonia)
991:(New Caledonia)
988:Agathis montana
973:Solomon Islands
943:(New Caledonia)
892:Agathis dammara
766:Araucaria rulei
544:Agathis robusta
524:
402:
276:(wood, in part)
237:
232:
209:
126:
96:
93:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
42:
37:
29:
28:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3088:
3078:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3045:
3044:
3042:
3041:
3037:wfo-7000000044
3028:
3015:
3002:
2989:
2976:
2966:
2953:
2940:
2927:
2914:
2901:
2888:
2875:
2862:
2849:
2836:
2823:
2813:
2800:
2787:
2774:
2761:
2748:
2733:
2717:
2715:
2709:
2708:
2694:
2693:
2691:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2659:
2656:
2655:
2645:
2644:
2637:
2630:
2622:
2616:
2615:
2589:(4): 493–502.
2578:
2549:
2506:
2465:
2436:
2415:
2401:. New Series.
2394:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2369:
2302:
2281:10.1086/507608
2255:
2220:(2): 217–237.
2200:
2159:
2146:(3): 319–326.
2126:
2063:
2032:10.1086/672369
2003:
1990:
1965:
1935:
1912:
1905:
1878:
1871:
1844:
1821:Flora of China
1801:
1779:
1757:
1722:
1703:(2): 171–177.
1679:
1677:
1674:
1670:
1669:
1664:
1657:
1654:
1570:Early Jurassic
1559:(pollen), and
1550:Araucariacites
1538:Araucarioxylon
1517:
1514:
1467:
1464:
1440:
1437:
1426:
1425:
1422:
1421:
1417:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1408:
1407:
1404:
1403:
1399:
1398:
1395:
1394:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1380:
1379:
1372:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1350:
1345:
1343:
1342:Araucariaceae
1337:
1335:
1330:
1323:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1314:
1313:
1310:
1309:
1305:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1296:
1295:
1292:
1291:
1287:
1286:
1283:
1282:
1278:
1277:
1274:
1273:
1269:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1257:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1246:
1243:
1242:
1235:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1213:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1191:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1172:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1153:
1152:
1150:Araucariaceae
1147:
1142:
1140:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1118:
1113:
1111:
1106:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1081:
1072:
1064:
1056:
1055:
1034:
1033:
1032:
1028:Agathis silbae
1024:
1016:
1008:
1000:
996:Agathis moorei
992:
984:
976:
952:
944:
936:
924:
916:
908:
888:
872:
871:, New Zealand)
860:
842:
832:
824:
823:
800:Norfolk Island
792:
791:
790:
783:
776:
769:
762:
755:
748:
741:
734:
727:
716:
709:
701:
694:
686:
678:
671:
660:
653:
642:
632:
622:
614:
613:
610:
609:Living Species
607:
604:
523:
520:
450:Sequoiadendron
401:
398:
343:
342:
341:
340:
331:
330:(ovulate cone)
322:
313:
312:(ovulate cone)
304:
295:
294:(ovulate cone)
286:
277:
268:
261:
254:
244:
243:
239:
238:
233:
224:
223:
217:
216:
204:
200:
199:
194:
190:
189:
184:
180:
179:
174:
170:
169:
164:
157:
156:
151:
144:
143:
138:
134:
133:
120:
119:
107:
106:
98:
97:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
38:
33:
26:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3087:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3060:Araucariaceae
3058:
3057:
3055:
3038:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3020:
3016:
3012:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2994:
2990:
2986:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2967:
2963:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2906:
2902:
2898:
2893:
2889:
2885:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2845:Araucariaceae
2841:
2837:
2833:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2814:
2810:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2770:Araucariaceae
2766:
2762:
2758:
2753:
2749:
2744:
2743:Araucariaceae
2738:
2734:
2729:
2723:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2714:
2713:Araucariaceae
2710:
2706:
2701:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2673:Podocarpaceae
2671:
2669:
2668:Araucariaceae
2666:
2664:
2661:
2660:
2657:
2653:
2650:
2643:
2638:
2636:
2631:
2629:
2624:
2623:
2620:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2378:
2377:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2306:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2259:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2204:
2196:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2163:
2154:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2130:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2077:Nature Plants
2074:
2067:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2010:
2008:
2000:
1994:
1979:
1975:
1969:
1953:
1949:
1942:
1940:
1923:
1920:Gerald Carr.
1916:
1908:
1902:
1898:
1897:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1874:
1868:
1864:
1863:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1815:
1808:
1806:
1789:
1783:
1767:
1761:
1745:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1691:
1684:
1680:
1673:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1659:
1653:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1632:are those of
1631:
1627:
1623:
1622:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1608:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1590:
1585:
1584:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1566:
1564:
1563:
1558:
1557:
1552:
1551:
1546:
1545:
1544:Brachyphyllum
1540:
1539:
1534:
1533:
1528:
1527:
1523:
1516:Fossil record
1513:
1511:
1507:
1502:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1463:
1461:
1456:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1436:
1434:
1424:
1423:
1415:
1414:
1406:
1405:
1397:
1396:
1393:
1392:
1386:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1378:
1377:
1371:
1370:
1364:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1349:
1348:
1341:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1329:
1321:
1320:
1312:
1311:
1303:
1302:
1294:
1293:
1285:
1284:
1276:
1275:
1267:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1256:
1255:
1249:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1241:
1240:
1234:
1233:
1227:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1219:
1218:
1212:
1211:
1205:
1204:
1201:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1190:
1189:
1183:
1182:
1179:
1178:
1170:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1164:Podocarpaceae
1159:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1151:
1146:
1145:
1139:
1138:
1132:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1117:
1116:
1110:
1109:
1105:
1103:
1099:
1096:Below is the
1084:
1080:
1079:
1075:
1074:
1073:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1058:
1057:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1039:, Australia,
1038:
1035:
1030:
1029:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1012:Agathis ovata
1009:
1006:
1005:
1001:
998:
997:
993:
990:
989:
985:
982:
981:
977:
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
957:
953:
950:
949:
945:
942:
941:
937:
934:
930:
929:
925:
922:
921:
917:
914:
913:
909:
906:
902:
898:
894:
893:
889:
886:
882:
878:
877:
873:
870:
866:
865:
861:
858:
854:
850:
849:
845:
844:
843:
840:
836:
833:
830:
826:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
796:New Caledonia
793:
789:
788:
784:
782:
781:
777:
775:
774:
770:
768:
767:
763:
761:
760:
756:
754:
753:
749:
747:
746:
742:
740:
739:
735:
733:
732:
728:
726:
722:
721:
717:
715:
714:
710:
707:
706:
702:
700:
699:
695:
692:
691:
687:
684:
683:
679:
677:
676:
672:
670:
666:
665:
661:
659:
658:
654:
652:
648:
647:
643:
641:– Paraná pine
640:
639:
635:
634:
633:
630:
626:
623:
620:
616:
615:
612:Distribution
611:
608:
605:
602:
601:
598:
592:
588:
586:
582:
579:
575:
572:
568:
565:
558:
557:
552:
546:
545:
540:
534:
533:
528:
519:
517:
516:
511:
505:
503:
499:
495:
490:
488:
484:
479:
477:
472:
470:
467:
463:
458:
456:
452:
451:
446:
445:
440:
436:
435:
430:
429:
424:
416:
415:
410:
406:
397:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
370:
365:
364:
359:
358:
353:
349:
348:Araucariaceae
338:
337:
332:
329:
328:
323:
320:
319:
314:
311:
310:
305:
302:
301:
300:Brachyphyllum
296:
293:
292:
287:
284:
283:
282:Araucarioides
278:
275:
274:
269:
267:
266:
262:
260:
259:
255:
253:
252:
248:
247:
245:
240:
236:
231:
230:
225:
222:
218:
213:
208:
207:Araucariaceae
205:
202:
201:
198:
195:
192:
191:
188:
185:
182:
181:
178:
175:
172:
171:
168:
165:
162:
159:
158:
155:
154:Tracheophytes
152:
149:
146:
145:
142:
139:
136:
135:
130:
125:
121:
118:
114:
113:
108:
104:
99:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
41:
36:
24:Araucariaceae
22:
19:
3075:Araucariales
2712:
2683:Cupressaceae
2667:
2586:
2582:
2557:
2553:
2518:
2514:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2444:
2440:
2423:
2419:
2402:
2398:
2389:
2385:
2319:
2315:
2305:
2272:
2268:
2258:
2217:
2213:
2203:
2176:
2172:
2162:
2143:
2140:IAWA Journal
2139:
2129:
2080:
2076:
2066:
2023:
2019:
1998:
1993:
1981:. Retrieved
1977:
1968:
1958:November 19,
1956:. Retrieved
1952:the original
1928:November 19,
1926:. Retrieved
1915:
1895:
1861:
1836:. Retrieved
1829:the original
1824:
1820:
1794:November 19,
1792:. Retrieved
1782:
1772:November 19,
1770:. Retrieved
1760:
1750:November 19,
1748:. Retrieved
1700:
1696:
1683:
1671:
1645:
1633:
1629:
1619:
1605:
1604:, including
1597:
1593:
1587:
1581:
1573:
1567:
1562:Protodammara
1560:
1554:
1548:
1542:
1536:
1530:
1524:
1519:
1503:
1498:
1494:
1483:
1459:
1457:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1442:
1430:
1390:
1389:
1375:
1374:
1353:
1352:
1327:
1259:
1237:
1217:Cupressaceae
1215:
1193:
1162:
1149:
1120:
1095:
1076:
1066:
1026:
1018:
1010:
1002:
994:
986:
978:
961:A. vitiensis
960:
954:
946:
938:
926:
918:
910:
904:
900:
896:
890:
874:
869:North Island
862:
846:
834:
785:
778:
771:
764:
757:
750:
743:
736:
729:
724:
718:
711:
703:
696:
688:
680:
673:
668:
662:
655:
650:
644:
636:
624:
596:
585:Araucariales
584:
561:
554:
542:
530:
513:
506:
491:
480:
473:
459:
455:Sequoioideae
448:
442:
432:
426:
420:
412:
389:
367:
361:
355:
351:
347:
346:
334:
325:
318:Pagiophyllum
316:
307:
298:
289:
280:
271:
263:
256:
249:
227:
206:
197:Araucariales
167:Gymnospermae
160:
147:
117:Minas Gerais
110:
18:
2892:iNaturalist
2737:Wikispecies
2426:: 397–414.
2339:11336/87592
1662:Paleobotany
1532:Agathoxylon
1529:(various),
1526:Araucarites
1522:form genera
1053:Philippines
1037:New Zealand
901:A. celebica
685:- Cook pine
669:bunya-bunya
502:sporophylls
434:Tāne Mahuta
409:Tāne Mahuta
400:Description
352:Araucarians
327:Wairarapaia
291:Araucarites
273:Agathoxylon
3054:Categories
2910:77126765-1
2392:: 415–449.
2041:11336/3583
1983:20 January
1838:2011-11-19
1676:References
1626:Cenomanian
1602:Cretaceous
1580:, such as
1556:Dilwynites
1547:(leaves),
1051:, and the
933:New Guinea
853:Queensland
808:New Guinea
483:monoecious
382:Cretaceous
336:Dilwynites
221:Type genus
173:Division:
2649:Pinophyta
2348:0002-9122
2289:1058-5893
2250:129171237
2242:0311-5518
2121:236141481
2105:2055-0278
2050:1058-5893
2001:2003; 615
1642:Paleocene
1636:from the
1610:from the
1574:Araucaria
1565:(cones).
1506:Oltustone
1449:Araucaria
1354:Araucaria
1098:phylogeny
1092:Phylogeny
1045:Indonesia
1031:(Vanuatu)
879:(western
857:Australia
839:Salisbury
812:Argentina
804:Australia
625:Araucaria
581:Pinophyta
574:Pinopsida
487:dioecious
386:Paleogene
357:Araucaria
258:Araucaria
229:Araucaria
187:Pinopsida
177:Pinophyta
137:Kingdom:
3024:42000458
3019:Tropicos
2722:Wikidata
2688:Taxaceae
2663:Pinaceae
2652:families
2611:20148157
2545:21680310
2502:21846658
2364:51908977
2356:30074620
2297:85365035
2195:30157290
2113:34282286
2058:56238574
1717:85718312
1656:See also
1594:Wollemia
1541:(wood),
1453:Wollemia
1376:Wollemia
1261:Taxaceae
1122:Pinaceae
1067:Wollemia
1049:Malaysia
1007:(Borneo)
951:(Borneo)
923:(Borneo)
578:division
510:Pinaceae
469:cortices
466:resinous
431:) named
378:Jurassic
369:Wollemia
339:(pollen)
265:Wollemia
203:Family:
2728:Q217697
2591:Bibcode
2562:Bibcode
2537:2446478
2482:Bibcode
2449:Bibcode
2222:Bibcode
2085:Bibcode
1646:Agathis
1630:Agathis
1598:Agathis
1460:Agathis
1445:Agathis
1433:Permian
1391:Agathis
1041:Vanuatu
969:Vanuatu
897:A. alba
881:Malesia
835:Agathis
629:Jussieu
576:of the
567:Pinales
494:catkins
444:Sequoia
394:Malesia
390:Agathis
363:Agathis
309:Emwadea
251:Agathis
242:Genera
193:Order:
183:Class:
141:Plantae
2985:786678
2969:NZOR:
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2609:
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1715:
1612:Albian
1478:, and
959:(syn.
895:(syn.
885:Borneo
820:Brazil
818:, and
725:klinki
651:pehuén
464:with
425:tree (
366:, and
212:Henkel
2998:54789
2962:25664
2936:18049
2918:IRMNG
2897:49382
2858:10059
2840:FoAO2
2832:10059
2809:1ARUF
2757:54676
2607:S2CID
2533:JSTOR
2498:S2CID
2360:S2CID
2293:S2CID
2246:S2CID
2117:S2CID
2054:S2CID
1832:(PDF)
1817:(PDF)
1713:S2CID
1693:(PDF)
1614:aged
1491:amber
1487:resin
816:Chile
606:Genus
603:Image
571:class
564:order
498:axils
462:piths
423:kauri
374:flora
235:Juss.
161:Clade
148:Clade
3006:POWO
2957:NCBI
2931:ITIS
2905:IPNI
2879:GRIN
2871:3924
2866:GBIF
2804:EPPO
2796:4067
2765:ATRF
2752:APNI
2541:PMID
2352:PMID
2344:ISSN
2285:ISSN
2238:ISSN
2191:PMID
2109:PMID
2101:ISSN
2046:ISSN
1985:2023
1960:2011
1930:2011
1901:ISBN
1867:ISBN
1796:2011
1774:2011
1752:2011
1586:and
1553:and
1535:and
1510:Oltu
1489:and
1466:Uses
1451:and
965:Fiji
447:and
384:and
35:PreꞒ
3032:WFO
2944:NBN
2853:FoC
2827:FNA
2791:EoL
2783:6MH
2778:CoL
2599:doi
2587:107
2570:doi
2523:doi
2490:doi
2478:277
2472:".
2457:doi
2428:doi
2407:doi
2334:hdl
2324:doi
2320:105
2277:doi
2273:167
2230:doi
2181:doi
2177:105
2148:doi
2093:doi
2036:hdl
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