Arabic grammar - Knowledge

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in spoken Arabic dialects (Moroccan, Egyptian, Syrian, and Kuwaiti), Brustad, K. (2000) notes that sentence typologies found in spoken Arabic are not limited to these two word orders. She adds that almost any basic constituent may begin an Arabic sentence. She argues that sentences other than VS and SV are marked forms of topic-prominent or subject-prominent sentences.

6353:'write', q-r-’ 'read', ’-k-l 'eat'. Changes to the vowels in between the consonants, along with prefixes or suffixes, specify grammatical functions such as tense, person and number, in addition to changes in the meaning of the verb that embody grammatical concepts such as mood (e.g. indicative, subjunctive, imperative), voice (active or passive), and 7912:

Brustad, K. (2000) points out that if both VSO and SVO are basic typologies in spoken Arabic, then functional typology investigating the semantic and pragmatic roles can shed light on the different contexts where these word orders appear. Despite the analysis that both VS and SV typologies are found

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Brustad, K. (2000) notes that in the dialects she studied (Moroccan, Egyptian, Syrian, and Kuwaiti) verb initial (VSO) and subject initial (SVO) word orders are present. In the case of verb initial word order, it is common that the subject is marked on the verb and is not expressed as an independent

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grammatical structure, more recent work has shown that there is evidence for a VP constituent in Arabic, that is, a closer relationship between verb and object than verb and subject. This suggests a hierarchical grammatical structure, not a flat one. An analysis such as this one can also explain the

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In Modern Standard Arabic, the VSO and SVO word orders results in an agreement asymmetry between the verb and the subject: the verb shows person, number, and gender agreement with the subject in SVO constructions, but only gender (and possibly person) agreement in VS, to the exclusion of number. In

5440:

Unitary numbers from 20 on (i.e. 20, 30, ... 90, 100, 1000, 1000000, etc.) behave entirely as nouns, showing the case required by the surrounding syntax, no gender agreement, and a following noun in a fixed case. 20 through 90 require their noun to be in the accusative singular; 100 and up require

7712:

in Arabic. In such clauses, the subject tends to precede the predicate, unless there is a clear demarcating pause between the two, suggesting a marked information structure. It is a matter of debate in Arabic literature whether there is a null present tense copula which syntactically precedes the

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Early Arabic grammars were more or less lists of rules, without the detailed explanations which would be added in later centuries. The earliest schools were different not only in some of their views on grammatical disputes, but also their emphasis. The school of Kufa excelled in Arabic poetry and

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El-Yasin (1985) examined colloquial Jordanian Arabic, and concluded that it exhibits a SVO order. This, according to El-Yasin, provides evidence of a language changing from a VSO (CA) into a SVO language (Jordanian Arabic). On the other hand, Mohammad, M. A. (2000) showed that MSA allows all six

7720:

Subject pronouns are normally omitted except for emphasis or when using a participle as a verb (participles are not marked for person). Because the verb agrees with the subject in person, number, and gender, no information is lost when pronouns are omitted. Auxiliary verbs precede main verbs,

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Regarding subject-verb order, Owens et al. (2009), examined three dialects of the Arabian peninsula from a discourse informational and a morpholexical perspective. They show that subject-verb or verb-subject word order is correlated with the lexical class (i.e. pronoun, pronominal, noun),

3143:

In the above cases, when there are two combining forms, one is used with "... me" and the other with all other person/number/gender combinations. (More correctly, one occurs before vowel-initial pronouns and the other before consonant-initial pronouns, but in Classical Arabic, only

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while, when cases are used, the subsequent noun must be in the genitive case. The construction is typically equivalent to the English construction "(noun) of (noun)". This is a very widespread way of forming possessive constructions in Arabic, and is typical of a Semitic language.

4755:, as used in Classical Arabic, is extremely complex. The system of rules is presented below. In reality, however, this system is never used: Large numbers are always written as numerals rather than spelled out, and are pronounced using a simplified system, even in formal contexts. 7035:) do not stem from the triconsonantal roots. These true prepositions cannot have prepositions preceding them, in contrast to the derived triliteral prepositions. True prepositions can also be used with certain verbs to convey a particular meaning. For example, 7341:. The different Arabic word orders have an agreement asymmetry: the verb shows person, number, and gender agreement with the subject in SVO constructions but only gender (and possibly person) agreement in VSO, to the exclusion of number. 9415: 703:, there are a number of simplifications such as the loss of certain final vowels and the loss of case. A number of derivational processes exist for forming new nouns and adjectives. Adverbs can be formed from adjectives. 7705:

agreement asymmetries between subjects and verbs in SVO versus VSO sentences, and can provide insight into the syntactic position of pre- and post-verbal subjects, as well as the surface syntactic position of the verb.

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rules leading to a large number of complex alternations, depending on the particular affixes involved, the way they are put together, and whether the preceding verb ends in a vowel, a single consonant, or two

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is attached to nouns whose construct state ends in a short vowel, in which case that vowel is elided (e.g. in the sound feminine plural, as well as the singular and broken plural of most nouns). Furthermore,

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definiteness, and the discourse-defined lexical specificity of a noun. Owens et al. (2009) argue that verb-subject order usually presents events, while subject-verb indicates available referentiality.

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Monique Bernards, "Pioneers of Arabic Linguistic Studies." Taken from In the Shadow of Arabic: The Centrality of Language to Arabic Culture, pg. 213. Ed. Bilal Orfali. Leiden: Brill Publishers, 2011.

501:

drops out as a vowel, if a word is preceding it. This word will then produce an ending vowel, "helping vowel" to facilitate pronunciation. This short vowel may be, depending on the preceding vowel, a

786:

forms, while the 1st person does not. In the dual, there is no 1st person, and only a single form for each 2nd and 3rd person. Traditionally, the pronouns are listed in the order 3rd, 2nd, 1st.

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The above system is mostly unchanged in the colloquial varieties, other than the loss of the dual forms and (for most varieties) of the feminine plural. Some of the more notable changes:

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is universally acknowledged as the founder, though his own writings are considered lost, with most of the school's development undertaken by later authors. The efforts of al-Farahidi and

22: 6349:) are based on a root made up of three or four consonants (called a triliteral or quadriliteral root, respectively). The set of consonants communicates the basic meaning of a verb, e.g. 5506:

in the indefinite state. There is agreement in gender with the numerals 1 and 2, and polarity for numerals 3–9. The whole construct is followed by the accusative singular indefinite.

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They are adjectives, hence there is agreement in gender with the noun, not polarity as with the cardinal numbers. Note that "sixth" uses a different, older root than the number six.

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such as t, d, r, s, n and a few others, it is replaced by the sound of the initial consonant of the following noun, thus doubling it. For example: for "the Nile", one does not say

4577:

Affixation of dual and sound plural nouns has largely vanished. Instead, all varieties possess a separate preposition with the meaning of "of", which replaces certain uses of the

8401:) is an adverbial structure used to indicate purpose, motive, or reason for an action. It consists of a verbal noun derived from the main verb that appears in the accusative ( 5219:"the twelve nights". Numbers 11 and 12 show gender agreement in the ones, and 13–19 show polarity in the ones. Number 12 also shows case agreement in the units. The gender of 5207:

Numerals 11 and 13–19 are indeclinable for case, perpetually in the accusative. The form is always that of the construct state, whether preceded by a definite article or not:

1201:(topicalizing particle), where they have the meaning of subject pronouns, e.g. "because I ...", "because you ...", "because he ...". (These particles are known in Arabic as 7697:

Despite the fact that the subject in the latter two above examples is plural, the verb lacks plural marking and instead surfaces as if it were in the singular form.

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In compound numbers, the number formed with the last two digits dictates the declension of the associated noun, e.g. 212, 312, and 54,312 would all behave like 12.

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variation is preserved exactly (including the different circumstances in which these variants are used), and new variants appear for many forms. For example, in

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For all but the first person singular, the same forms are used regardless of the part of speech of the word attached to. In the third person masculine singular,

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in numbers 11–19 agrees with the counted noun (unlike the standalone numeral 10 which shows polarity). The counted noun takes indefinite accusative singular.

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Note that the relative pronoun agrees in gender, number and case, with the noun it modifies—as opposed to the situation in other inflected languages such as

8132: 7161:("annexation, addition") and in English is known as the "genitive construct", "construct phrase", or "annexation structure". The first noun must be in the 7767:

adjectives, however, usually do not agree with the noun they modify, and sometimes even precede their noun while requiring it to be in the genitive case.

4554:'he didn't write it (fem.) to me'. (Egyptian Arabic in particular has many variant pronominal affixes used in different circumstances, and very intricate 466:, depending on the preceding consonant. Short vowels are not usually represented in the written language, although they may be indicated with diacritics. 8378: 9320:

Fassi Fehri, Abdelkader. 1982. Linguistique Arabe: Forme et Interprétation. Rabat, Morocco, Publications de la Faculté des Lettres et Sciences Humaines.

4724:"ten" require a following noun in the genitive plural, but disagree with the noun in gender, while taking the case required by the surrounding syntax. 9329:

Jelinek, Eloise. 1981. On Defining Categories: Aux and Predicate in Egyptian Colloquial Arabic. Doctoral dissertation. University of Arizona, Tucson.

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for ease of pronunciation. This doesn't make a difference to the spelling as the diacritics used to represent short vowels are not usually written.

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Benmamoun, Elabbas. 2000. The Feature Structure of Functional Categories: A Comparative Study of Arabic Dialects. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

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construction is very varied, though it usually consists of some relationship of possession or belonging. In the case of words for containers, the

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Shlonsky, Ur 1997. Clause Structure and Word order in Hebrew and Arabic: An Essay in Comparative Semitic Syntax. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

8090: 8069: 8035:'as if' introduce subjects while requiring that they be immediately followed by a noun in the accusative case, or an attached pronominal suffix. 9743: 9260: 4386:

is with the modified noun, but the case marking follows the usage of the relative pronoun in the embedded clause (as in formal English "the man

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renewed the call for a reform of the commonly used description of Arabic grammar, suggesting to follow trends in Western linguistics instead.

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possible word orders (VSO, SVO, VOS, SOV, OSV, OVS) while Palastinian Arabic (PA) allows only three word orders, namely: VSO, VOS, and SVO.

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depending on various factors (e.g. the phonology of the preceding word); likewise, the third person masculine singular appears variously as

469:

Word stress varies from one Arabic dialect to another. A rough rule for word-stress in Classical Arabic is that it falls on the penultimate

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Some of the independent pronouns have slightly different forms compared with their Classical forms. For example, usually forms similar to

11514: 7923:

The subject of a sentence can be topicalized and emphasized by moving it to the beginning of the sentence and preceding it with the word

4740:"nineteen" require a following noun in the accusative singular, agree with the noun in gender, and are invariable for case, except for 5628:"1,000" can themselves be modified by numbers (to form numbers such as 200 or 5,000) and will be declined appropriately. For example, 2596:"to" (also used for indirect objects) — have irregular or unpredictable combining forms when the enclitic pronouns are added to them: 1613:

is attached to nouns whose construct state ends in a long vowel or diphthong (e.g. in the sound masculine plural and the dual), while

9883: 1102:

are likewise avoided, except by speakers of conservative colloquial varieties that still possess separate feminine plural pronouns.

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Only the first person singular makes a distinction between the genitive and accusative function. As a possessive it takes the form

10009: 8383: 4085:'you'. These combinations had not yet become completely fixed in Qur'anic Arabic and other combinations sometimes occurred, e.g. 9731:

Einleitung in das studium der arabischen grammatiker: Die Ajrūmiyyah des Muh'ammad bin Daūd By Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad Ibn Ājurrūm

9288:

Benmamoun, Elabbas 1992. “Structural conditions on agreement.” Proceedings of NELS (North-Eastern Linguistic Society) 22: 17–32.

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Lebanese Arabic and Moroccan Arabic, there is agreement between verb and subject in number under both the SV and the VS orders.

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like in Classical Arabic are relatively rare across the world's languages, occurring only in a few language families including

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Various forms of the demonstrative pronouns occur, usually shorter than the Classical forms. For example, Moroccan Arabic uses

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Alexis Neme (2011), A lexicon of Arabic verbs constructed on the basis of Semitic taxonomy and using finite-state transducers

9556: 9119: 9134:"At 1 minute 10 seconds, Cairo Radio Music Program network opening of the transmission with clock chime of Cairo University" 12633: 9059:, pg. 12. Volume 23 of Studies in Semitic Languages and Linguistics. Ed. Monique Bernards. Leiden: Brill Publishers, 1997. 1127:) are used both as accusative and genitive forms of the pronouns. As genitive forms they appear in the following contexts: 221:

and Arab genealogy. The more rationalist school of Basra, on the other hand, focused more on the formal study of grammar.

193:

consolidated Basra's reputation as the analytic school of grammar, while the Kufan school was regarded as the guardian of

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The prepositions arising from the triliteral root system are called "adverbs of place and time" in the native tradition (

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The numbers 20–99 are expressed with the units preceding the tens. Both parts decline like independent nouns, taking the

355:, an expert on Arabic grammar, divides Arabic grammar in Egypt into five different types based on the speaker's level of 7724:

Adjectives follow the noun they are modifying, and agree with the noun in case, gender, number, and state: For example,

10477: 9216: 9191: 7094: 3741:

Qur'anic Arabic has another demonstrative, normally followed by a noun in a genitive construct and meaning 'owner of':

9374:

Aoun, Joseph, Elabbas Benmamoun, and Lina Choueiri. 2010. The Syntax of Arabic. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

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An overhaul of the native systematic categorization of Arabic grammar was first suggested by the medieval philosopher

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A noun may be defined more precisely by adding another noun immediately afterwards. In Arabic grammar, this is called

3152:

is vowel-initial. This becomes clearer in the spoken varieties, where various vowel-initial enclitic pronouns exist.)

9311:

Bakir, Murtadha. 1980. Aspects of clause structure in Arabic. Doctoral dissertation, Indiana University, Bloomington.

9064: 9044: 9024: 8930: 756: 8988: 12717: 9076: 9671: 8992: 12446: 12245: 11543: 11507: 11124: 10021: 1456: 734: 174: 4643:"that" (masculine/feminine/plural). Egyptian Arabic is unusual in that the demonstrative follows the noun, e.g. 12679: 11568: 10651: 9917: 9772: 5204:) "three girls". The noun counted takes indefinite genitive plural (as the attribute in a genitive construct). 738: 202: 170: 5113:

It is very common, even by news announcers and in official speeches, to pronounce numerals in local dialects.

169:

as the main source for Arabic grammar rules. From the school of Basra, generally regarded as being founded by

11558: 11538: 11099: 9876: 5605: 5588: 5047: 2127: 1964: 1883: 4420:

The relative pronoun is normally omitted entirely when an indefinite noun is modified by a relative clause:

1138:

After prepositions, where they have the meaning of objects of the prepositions, e.g. "to me, to you, to him"

11553: 10416: 9967: 9155: 8615: 7701: 4528:'to him'), become fused onto the verb, following a direct object. These same varieties generally develop a 8639: 8610: 8581: 8536: 8520: 8494: 7775:

Colloquial spoken Arabic may employ different word order than Classical Arabic or Modern Standard Arabic.

5149: 5129: 4551: 4532: 603: 570: 546: 522: 11875: 11729: 9159: 8794: 7334: 7322: 7314: 7300:

can mean "house of the (certain, known) students", but is also the normal term for "the student hostel".

642: 8984: 12740: 12383: 12138: 12133: 11573: 11500: 11060: 10539: 9690: 7048:

means "to discuss" as a transitive verb, but can mean "to search for" when followed by the preposition

9737:

Alexis Neme and Eric Laporte (2013) Pattern-and-root inflectional morphology: the Arabic broken plural

9338:

Fassi Fehri, Abdelkader. 1993. Issues in the Structure of Arabic Clauses and Words. Dordrecht: Kluwer.

9039:, pg. 339. Volume 66 of Studies in Semitic Languages and Linguistics. Leiden: Brill Publishers, 2012. 8829: 7961: 5928: 5520: 4959: 4937: 4915: 1781: 872: 12615: 12421: 12292: 12255: 11734: 10813: 10803: 10780: 135: 95: 7279:"a wooden ring, ring made of wood". In many cases the two members become a fixed coined phrase, the 7097:. However, prepositions can take whole clauses as their object too if succeeded by the conjunctions 12267: 11481: 11389: 10871: 9869: 9593:

The Syntax of Spoken Arabic: A Comparative Study of Moroccan, Egyptian, Syrian and Kuwaiti Dialects

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Benmamoun, Elabbas. 2015. Verb-initial orders, with a special emphasis on Arabic. Syncom, 2 edition

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Changing Traditions: Al-Mubarrad's Refutation of Sībawayh and the Subsequent Reception of the Kitāb

9008: 8773: 1515: 1473: 321: 269: 9720: 9706: 5180:

in oblique cases. This form is also commonly used in a less formal Arabic in the nominative case.

12780: 12456: 11792: 11787: 11719: 11590: 11578: 11563: 10636: 10579: 9982: 9816: 8227: 727: 10938: 9752:

Alexis Neme and Eric Laporte (2015), Do computer scientists deeply understand Arabic morphology?

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further developed grammatical rules in the late 8th century with the rapid rise of Islam, using

12536: 12526: 12403: 12018: 11895: 11769: 11649: 10744: 10704: 10629: 10624: 10388: 9924: 9634: 9606: 9356:

Heggie, Lorie. 1988. The Syntax of Copular Structures. Doctoral dissertation. USC, Los Angeles.

9004: 8824: 8804: 8009: 7896:

VSO in Syrian Arabic, where the subject is marked on the verb. Adapted from Brustad, K. (2000)

7284: 7123:, in which case the subject of the clause is in the nominative or the accusative respectively. 6998: 6851: 6830: 6809: 6725: 5478: 5091: 5069: 5025: 4981: 4893: 1869: 1763: 1672: 930: 889: 652: 494: 397: 60: 9725: 4628:

The declined relative pronoun has vanished. In its place is an indeclinable particle, usually

12751: 12641: 12602: 12479: 12388: 12250: 12232: 12046: 12036: 11492: 11470: 11303: 11255: 11065: 11047: 11040: 11030: 11025: 11017: 10837: 10572: 10544: 10534: 10338: 9962: 9826: 9730: 9094:

Understanding Arabic: Essays in Contemporary Arabic Linguistics in Honor of El-Said M. Badawi

8819: 4397:

When the relative pronoun serves a function other than the subject of the embedded clause, a

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Attached to verbs, where they have the meaning of direct object pronouns, e.g. "me, you, him"

178: 52: 26: 11900: 8971: 7338: 3738:), which doesn't exist on Arabic keyboards and is seldom written, even in vocalised Arabic. 493:, is a phonetic object prefixed to the beginning of a word for ease of pronunciation, since 12582: 12041: 11960: 11669: 11654: 11206: 10966: 10886: 10366: 8263: 8251: 7709: 229:

For classical Arabic grammarians, the grammatical sciences are divided into five branches:

12115: 10007: 8632: 8603: 8574: 8531: 8515: 8489: 4117:, and the old Arabic grammarians noted the existence of a separate nominative plural form 2501:, even though in this case it has the meaning of "me" (rather than "my"). The "sisters of 8: 12735: 12730: 12337: 12187: 12179: 12051: 11627: 11265: 11075: 10948: 10771: 10322: 10236: 10173: 9831: 8809: 8554: 8270:("the mosque"). This affects only the pronunciation and not the spelling of the article. 7764: 348: 134:

The identity of the oldest Arabic grammarian is disputed; some sources state that it was

64: 12300: 10164: 9133: 8174: 8153: 8111: 8023: 7995: 6977: 6935: 6914: 6872: 6788: 6767: 6746: 6680: 6575: 6554: 6533: 5945: 5911: 5894: 5494: 5472: 5105: 5003: 4871: 3550: 3544: 3382: 2191: 1787: 1686: 1589:

In the first person singular, however, the situation is more complicated. Specifically,

1354: 974: 913: 855: 828: 811: 657: 12610: 12469: 12312: 12217: 12168: 12163: 12143: 11983: 11910: 11870: 11865: 11855: 11837: 11799: 11599: 11527: 11433: 11119: 11035: 10832: 10757: 10496: 10482: 9713: 9485: 9443: 8765: 8243: 8239: 8235: 6386: 5187: 4398: 696: 692: 12393: 10502: 10299: 10281: 10074: 9507: 8674:'I see her'. Possessive pronouns are likewise attached to the noun they modify; e.g., 5183:

The numerals 1 and 2 are adjectives. Thus they follow the noun and agree with gender.

4613:). In Egyptian Arabic, the construct-state genitive is still productive, hence either 4025:

Note that the demonstrative and relative pronouns were originally built on this word.

12725: 12689: 12497: 12416: 12370: 12350: 12207: 12090: 11925: 11915: 11860: 11759: 11707: 11659: 11644: 11607: 11180: 10853: 10793: 10556: 10448: 10359: 10002: 9562: 9552: 9527: 9523: 9477: 9447: 9435: 9212: 9187: 9166:مع is, as the Arab grammarians remark, properly the accusative of a noun, signifying 9060: 9040: 9020: 8926: 8586: 5190:: A feminine referrer agrees with a numeral in masculine gender and vice versa, e.g. 1439: 1135:

of nouns, where they have the meaning of possessive determiners, e.g. "my, your, his"

688: 111: 83: 48: 10933: 10463: 10290: 9236:. Translated by Rodger, Jonathan (3rd ed.). Yale University Press. p. 153. 8849: 12549: 12487: 12431: 12426: 12378: 12282: 12277: 12202: 12125: 12105: 12080: 12072: 12013: 11988: 11978: 11973: 11890: 11847: 11824: 11814: 11804: 11746: 11684: 11201: 10999: 10980: 10943: 10822: 10752: 10695: 10607: 10453: 10438: 10383: 10345: 10049: 9992: 9952: 9836: 9735: 9519: 9427: 8247: 7330: 5739:

ba‘da arba‘atin wa-tis‘īna alfan wa-thamānī mi’atin wa-thalāthin wa-sittīna sanatan

5441:

the genitive singular. The unitary numbers themselves decline in various fashions:

4752: 4383: 4193: 779: 775: 674: 648: 435: 412: 360: 151: 119: 87: 75: 56: 12702: 11343: 10680: 8834: 12697: 12651: 12574: 12564: 12554: 12544: 12436: 12411: 12345: 12322: 12317: 12153: 12148: 12095: 12085: 12058: 12008: 11993: 11968: 11943: 11933: 11905: 11885: 11832: 11809: 11774: 11754: 11697: 11674: 11664: 11634: 11622: 11384: 11313: 11250: 11244: 11113: 10988: 10928: 10788: 10732: 10717: 10712: 10685: 10675: 10619: 10592: 10567: 10468: 10425: 10407: 9997: 9977: 9912: 9821: 9678: 8954: 8906: 8814: 8789: 8195: 7973: 7714: 6956: 6893: 6701: 6659: 6638: 6617: 6596: 5978: 4598: 4582: 4578: 4548: 4543:'not ... a thing', composed of two separate words). This can lead to complicated 4509: 4462: 4379: 4133: 3774: 2620: 2255: 1504: 1412: 1371: 1310: 1294: 1132: 1032: 1015: 991: 957: 783: 452: 143: 115: 103: 44: 36: 185:

authored the first book on theories of Arabic grammar. From the school of Kufa,

70:

The largest differences between classical and colloquial Arabic are the loss of

12759: 12707: 12656: 12592: 12587: 12521: 12516: 12360: 12272: 12262: 12197: 12192: 12158: 12110: 11998: 11938: 11880: 11764: 11692: 11639: 11612: 11464: 11394: 11328: 11007: 10896: 10891: 10876: 10861: 10827: 10612: 9987: 9929: 9811: 9682: 9548:

Word order, agreement, and pronominalization in standard and Palestinian Arabic

9016: 8292: 7162: 4555: 4505:(no ending, but stress is moved onto the preceding vowel, which is lengthened). 352: 146:

in the mid-600s, Others have said that the earliest grammarian would have been

9431: 7721:

prepositions precede their objects, and nouns precede their relative clauses.

5733:بَعْدَ أَرْبَعةٍ وَتِسْعِينَ أَلْفًا وَثَمانِي مِئةٍ وَثَلاثٍ وَسِتِّينَ سَنةً 1254:

Most of the enclitic forms are clearly related to the full personal pronouns.

205:

favoring the Kufan school due to its concern with poetry as a primary source.

12774: 12671: 12661: 12646: 12622: 12559: 12464: 12355: 12305: 12222: 11948: 11779: 11724: 11702: 11617: 11426: 11421: 11407: 11353: 11288: 11270: 11156: 11141: 11135: 11104: 10923: 10918: 10903: 10866: 10727: 10722: 10646: 10602: 10458: 10432: 9957: 9944: 9841: 9721:

Arabic Grammar: Paradigms, Literature, Exercises and Glossary By Albert Socin

9531: 9481: 9439: 9211:(6th printing ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University press. p. 366. 9012: 8506: 8483:, when they are descended from a famous ancestor, start their last name with 8250:. The sound of the final -l consonant, however, can vary; when followed by a 5724:

arba‘atun wa-tis‘ūna alfan wa-thamānī mi’atin wa-thalāthun wa-sittūna sanatan

4571: 4544: 3329: 778:

have 12 forms. In singular and plural, the 2nd and 3rd persons have separate

700: 462:

phonemes (three short vowels and three long vowels). These appear as various

194: 147: 123: 91: 9566: 9416:"Subject-verb order in spoken Arabic: Morpholexical and event-based factors" 7145: 3312:

and many others have their final short vowel dropped, for example, كِتابُكَ

473:

of a word if that syllable is closed, and otherwise on the antepenultimate.

12441: 12327: 12100: 12003: 11714: 11399: 11358: 11298: 11278: 11238: 11151: 11146: 10913: 10908: 10798: 10521: 10507: 10211: 10121: 10094: 8864: 8844: 7019: 6372:

with the pronominal suffixes are used to describe possession. For example:

6354: 6327: 4126: 201:. The differences were polarizing in some cases, with early Muslim scholar 198: 186: 11224: 10309: 10300: 10291: 10282: 10273: 10264: 10263: 10255: 10246: 10237: 10228: 10219: 10209: 10201: 10191: 10183: 10174: 10165: 10156: 10147: 10137: 10129: 10119: 10111: 10102: 10092: 10084: 10075: 10066: 10065: 9384: 7018:

There are two types of prepositions, based on whether they arise from the

6512: 6491: 6470: 6441: 6420: 1395: 1337: 1279: 663: 12492: 12212: 11293: 11223: 11185: 11129: 10881: 10042: 9546: 8799: 8777: 8644: 8296: 5763:بَعْدَ ٱثْنَيْ عَشَرَ أَلْفًا وَمِئَتَيْنِ وَٱثْنَتَيْنِ وَعِشْرينَ سَنةً 3722: 679: 297: 139: 107: 10182: 10128: 10101: 9764: 7700:

Though early accounts of Arabic word order variation argued for a flat,

7241:

The range of relationships between the first and second elements of the

5718:أَرْبَعةٌ وَتِسْعُونَ أَلْفًا وَثَمَانِي مِئةٍ وَثَلاثٌ وَسِتُّونَ سَنةً 5116:

The endings in brackets are dropped in less formal Arabic and in pausa.

21: 10443: 10352: 10218: 9489: 9465: 7326: 5769:

ba‘da thnay ‘ashara alfan wa-mi’atayni wa-thnatayni wa-‘ishrīna sanatan

4849: 4581:

genitive (to varying degrees, depending on the particular variety). In

741: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 670: 626: 448: 292: 250: 79: 10308: 10254: 10245: 10200: 10193: 10146: 10139: 10110: 4605:, which agrees in gender and number with the preceding noun (feminine 4597:"my book", since the construct-state genitive is mostly unproductive. 630: 497:

doesn't allow consonant clusters at the beginning of a word. Elidable

90:, along with the evolution of a new system; the loss of the inflected 12508: 11348: 9055:"Sibawayh, His Kitab, and the Schools of Basra and Kufa." Taken from 8883:

Some grammarians classify the word مَعَ as a noun, not a preposition.

8854: 4529: 463: 441: 214: 10272: 10083: 9466:"Agreement, Word Order, and Conjunction in Some Varieties of Arabic" 7717:, or whether there is simply no verb, only a subject and predicate. 6332: 5807:

Note also the special construction when the final number is 1 or 2:

2588:

Some very common prepositions — including the proclitic preposition

1586:). The same alternation occurs in the third person dual and plural. 716: 11333: 11323: 10026: 8839: 8761: 1111: 470: 356: 340: 190: 182: 71: 11216: 9861: 9263:' (unpublished BA thesis, Univerzita Karlova v Praze, 2015), §7.1. 9261:

The Idafa construction in Arabic and its morphosyntactic behaviour

7936:'indeed' (or 'verily' in older translations). An example would be 94:, except in a few relict varieties; restriction in the use of the 11523: 11368: 10032: 9414:

Owens, Jonathan; Dodsworth, Robin; Rockwood, Trent (March 2009).

8502: 7090:) and work very much in the same way as the 'true' prepositions. 6360:

Since Arabic lacks a verb meaning "to have", constructions using

3308:

In a less formal Arabic, as in many spoken dialects, the endings

444: 246: 7287:

noun used in some Indo-European languages such as English. Thus

4562:

Other varieties instead use a separate Classical pseudo-pronoun

4512:

forms, which appear in Classical Arabic as separate words (e.g.

173:, two representatives laid important foundations for the field: 11283: 11211: 9907: 9892: 9795: 9464:

Aoun, Joseph; Benmamoun, Elabbas; Sportiche, Dominique (1994).

8859: 8658: 8480: 5748:اِثْنَا عَشَرَ أَلْفًا وَمِئَتانِ وَٱثْنَتانِ وَعِشْرُونَ سَنةً 4845: 4708:"two" are adjectives, following the noun and agreeing with it. 4433:"a man that I spoke with", literally "a man I spoke with him". 4074: 3346: 3210:; but other pronouns with the same base form are regular, e.g. 288: 218: 210: 99: 11522: 9164:. Vol. 2 (3rd ed.). Librarie Du Liban. p. 165. 5852:

of a whole smaller than "half" are expressed by the structure

118:

begin with a n- (ن). This phenomenon can also be found in the

11363: 11318: 11308: 10227: 10155: 10037: 7325:(subject before verb) to emphasize the subject. Verb-initial 6350: 5754:

iṯnā ‘ašara alfan wa-mi’atāni wa-thnatāni wa-‘ishrūna sanatan

5139: 4375: 459: 166: 158: 4797:بَعْدَ أَلْفَيْنِ وَتِسْعِمِئَةٍ وَٱثْنَتَيْ عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً 3709:, although the unvocalised script is not written with alif ( 11338: 9803: 9508:"Basic word order in classical Arabic and Jordanian Arabic" 9276:(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005), pp. 206–11 . 9250:(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005), pp. 205–24 . 8498: 8372: 8349:

tadūru l-'arḍu ḥawla sh-shamsi fi s-sanati dawratan wāḥida

7317:(verb before subject before object), but uses the particle 162: 114:. Unlike in other dialects, first person singular verbs in 9298: 9296: 9294: 6928:

on the part of; at; at the house of; in the possession of

2551:

The second-person masculine plural past tense verb ending

9083:, pg. 350. Leiden: Brill Archive, 1954. New edition 1980. 8526: 8221: 7770: 5186:

Numerals 3–10 have a peculiar rule of agreement known as

4803:

ba‘da alfayni wa-tis‘i mi’atin wa-thnatay ‘asharata sanah

587:), meaning that it is not followed by a short vowel, the 9660:

Introduction to Ibn Mada's Refutation of the Grammarians

8273: 4465:, the second person feminine singular appears either as 4453:

variants disappear. On the other hand, the first person

177:

authored the first Arabic dictionary and book of Arabic

9291: 8764:, though it was not until two hundred years later when 5793:بَعْدَ ٱثْنَيْ عَشَرَ أَلْفًا وَمِئَتَيْنِ وَسَنَتَيْنِ 4109:

was originally composed based on the genitive singular

4033:, for example, was originally composed from the prefix 9463: 9413: 8299:

derived from the main verb appears in the accusative (

6382:) – literally: At him (is) a house. → He has a house. 5994:) higher than "second" are formed using the structure 9757:هل يفهم المهندسون الحاسوبيّون علم الصرف فهمًا عميقًا؟ 9109:(Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1997), p. 90. 4574:

the resulting construct fuses with a preceding verb).

8746: 8733: 8720: 8707: 8694: 8681: 8668: 8408: 8395: 8306: 8285: 8201: 8180: 8159: 8138: 8117: 8096: 8075: 8058: 8029: 8015: 8001: 7987: 7979: 7966: 7953: 7943: 7930: 7757: 7744: 7731: 7294: 7273: 7256: 7232: 7218: 7204: 7191: 7178: 7156: 7133: 7117: 7104: 7084: 7068: 7055: 7042: 7029: 7004: 6983: 6962: 6941: 6920: 6899: 6878: 6857: 6836: 6815: 6794: 6773: 6752: 6731: 6707: 6686: 6665: 6644: 6623: 6602: 6581: 6560: 6539: 6518: 6497: 6476: 6457: 6447: 6426: 6308: 6295: 6279: 6266: 6250: 6237: 6221: 6208: 6192: 6179: 6163: 6150: 6134: 6121: 6105: 6092: 6076: 6063: 6050: 6034: 6021: 6004: 5996: 5988: 5954: 5937: 5920: 5903: 5886: 5868: 5854: 5828: 5812: 5797: 5782: 5767: 5752: 5737: 5722: 5707: 5692: 5670: 5662: 5654: 5646: 5638: 5630: 5622: 5614: 5597: 5580: 5563: 5546: 5529: 5512: 5486: 5464: 5454: 5446: 5423: 5408: 5393: 5373: 5358: 5343: 5328: 5313: 5293: 5278: 5263: 5214: 5208: 5192: 5174: 5161: 5123: 5097: 5083: 5061: 5039: 5017: 4995: 4973: 4951: 4929: 4907: 4885: 4863: 4834: 4817: 4801: 4785: 4769: 4742: 4734: 4726: 4718: 4710: 4702: 4694: 4672: 4660: 4564: 4537: 4522: 4514: 4499: 4491: 4483: 4475: 4467: 4455: 4447: 4427: 4408: 4363: 4341: 4326: 4311: 4286: 4264: 4249: 4234: 4178: 4162: 4146: 4119: 4111: 4103: 4095: 4087: 4079: 4067: 4059: 4051: 4043: 4035: 4027: 4014: 3992: 3977: 3962: 3940: 3925: 3910: 3885: 3863: 3848: 3833: 3811: 3796: 3781: 3732: 3703: 3695: 3689:

hādhā, hādhihi, hādhāni, hādhayni, hā’ulā’i, dhālika

3687: 3682:

The dual forms are only used in very formal Arabic.

3671: 3649: 3634: 3609: 3587: 3572: 3557: 3503: 3481: 3466: 3441: 3419: 3404: 3389: 3339: 3293: 3281: 3268: 3253: 3240: 3232: 3217: 3204: 3191: 3178: 3165: 3146: 3132: 3117: 3102: 3087: 3067: 3052: 3037: 3022: 3002: 2987: 2972: 2957: 2937: 2922: 2907: 2892: 2872: 2857: 2842: 2827: 2807: 2792: 2777: 2762: 2742: 2727: 2712: 2697: 2677: 2662: 2647: 2632: 2590: 2574: 2561: 2553: 2542: 2529: 2516: 2503: 2495: 2472: 2442: 2414: 2384: 2372: 2360: 2342: 2323: 2304: 2274: 2261: 2231: 2197: 2167: 2133: 2103: 2069: 2056: 2032: 2013: 1983: 1970: 1940: 1926: 1889: 1875: 1845: 1832: 1818: 1769: 1739: 1725: 1692: 1678: 1660: 1648: 1640: 1632: 1624: 1615: 1607: 1599: 1591: 1580: 1564: 1556: 1540: 1522: 1496: 1480: 1463: 1446: 1419: 1402: 1378: 1361: 1344: 1317: 1300: 1285: 1245: 1220: 1203: 1195: 1182: 1169: 1156: 1121: 1091: 1078: 1065: 1052: 1039: 1022: 998: 981: 964: 937: 920: 896: 879: 862: 835: 818: 680: 619: 597: 589: 575: 551: 527: 503: 477: 421: 406: 391: 380: 369: 328: 309: 298: 276: 257: 234: 8776:were made. In the modern era, Egyptian litterateur 8772:that concrete suggestions regarding word order and 8468:He wrote his beloved a letter out of love for her. 5799:

ba‘da thnay ‘ashara alfan wa-mi’atayni wa-sanatayni

4765:أَلْفَانِ وَتِسْعُمِئَةٍ وَٱثْنَتَا عَشْرَةَ سَنَةً 343:) which elucidates stylistic quality, or eloquence. 9037:The Subjunctive Mood in Arabic Grammatical Thought 6010:, the same as active participles of Form I verbs: 5152:, while the rest of the ending is not pronounced. 359:and the degree to which the speaker deviates from 98:and (for most varieties) the loss of the feminine 8972:"The Beginnings of Arabic Grammar | IlmGate" 8755: 7308: 7131: 4771:alfāni wa-tis‘u mi’atin wa-thnatā ‘asharata sanah 86:morphosyntax, the loss of the previous system of 63:have largely the same grammar; colloquial spoken 12772: 7344:Modern Standard Arabic tends to use SVO without 7313:Classical Arabic tends to prefer the word order 7266:may indicate the material something is made of: 1630:of the masculine sound plural is assimilated to 9595:. Georgetown University Press, Washington, D.C. 8352:The earth revolves around the sun once a year. 7971:"sister" terms in the native tradition) ‏ 7901:jabita min maṣɘr min hɘnik la-hOn 7554: 3715:). Instead of an alif, they have the diacritic 3303: 1605:"my" is attached to nouns. In the latter case, 272:) determining the form of the individual words. 51:and its grammar has many similarities with the 9760:, available also in Arabic, Indonesian, French 8909:, "Ibn Mada's Criticism of Arab Grammarians." 8454:She went to the university seeking knowledge. 7906:brought-she-her from Egypt from there to here 7061:, and "to do research about" when followed by 5498:‎) declines as a masculine singular noun 4692:Numbers behave in a very complicated fashion. 1050:Informal Arabic tends to avoid the dual forms 11508: 9877: 9780: 9635:"Quranic Grammar – The Accusative of Purpose" 9274:A Reference Grammar of Modern Standard Arabic 9248:A Reference Grammar of Modern Standard Arabic 9209:A reference grammar of Modern Standard Arabic 8501:meaning "family" or "clan", like the dynasty 8440:He left his country in search of sustenance. 8343:تَدُورُ الأَرْضُ حَوْلَ الشَمْسِ فِي السَنةِ 5703:بَعْدَ أَلْفٍ وَتِسْعِ مِئةٍ وَتِسْعِ سِنِينَ 5482:‎) declines as a feminine singular noun 4041:'this' and the masculine accusative singular 2583: 9755: 9506:El-Yasin, Mohammed Khalid (1 January 1985). 9186:. Berlin, Germany: createspace. p. 65. 8740: 8727: 8714: 8701: 8688: 8675: 8662: 8622: 8593: 8564: 8524: 8510: 8484: 8402: 8389: 8300: 8279: 8051: 7937: 7924: 7751: 7738: 7725: 7615: 7538: 7444: 7363: 7288: 7267: 7250: 7227: 7212: 7199: 7186: 7173: 7151: 7111: 7098: 7078: 7062: 7049: 7036: 7023: 6373: 6357:such as causative, intensive, or reflexive. 6341: 6302: 6289: 6273: 6260: 6244: 6231: 6215: 6202: 6186: 6173: 6157: 6144: 6128: 6115: 6099: 6086: 6070: 6057: 6044: 6028: 6015: 5982: 5961: 5875: 5861: 5836: 5820: 5791: 5778:اِثْنَا عَشَرَ أَلْفًا وَمِئَتانِ وَسَنَتانِ 5776: 5761: 5746: 5731: 5716: 5709:ba‘da alfin wa-tis‘i mi’atin wa-tis‘i sinīna 5701: 5686: 5570: 5553: 5536: 5430: 5415: 5400: 5380: 5365: 5350: 5335: 5320: 5300: 5285: 5270: 5220: 5199: 5168: 5155: 5143: 5133: 5117: 5077: 5055: 5033: 5011: 4989: 4967: 4945: 4923: 4901: 4879: 4857: 4828: 4819:ba‘da alfayn wa-tis‘ mīya wa-ithna‘shar sana 4811: 4795: 4779: 4763: 4421: 4417:, literally "the man who I spoke with him". 4402: 4356: 4334: 4319: 4304: 4279: 4257: 4242: 4227: 4007: 3985: 3970: 3955: 3933: 3918: 3903: 3878: 3856: 3841: 3826: 3804: 3789: 3726: 3716: 3710: 3664: 3642: 3627: 3602: 3580: 3565: 3496: 3474: 3459: 3434: 3412: 3397: 3333: 3275: 3262: 3247: 3226: 3211: 3198: 3185: 3172: 3159: 3125: 3110: 3095: 3080: 3060: 3045: 3030: 3015: 2995: 2980: 2965: 2950: 2930: 2915: 2900: 2885: 2865: 2850: 2835: 2820: 2800: 2785: 2770: 2755: 2735: 2720: 2705: 2690: 2670: 2655: 2640: 2625: 2568: 2536: 2523: 2510: 2466: 2408: 2336: 2317: 2298: 2268: 2225: 2161: 2097: 2063: 2050: 2026: 2007: 1977: 1934: 1920: 1839: 1826: 1812: 1733: 1719: 1239: 1209: 1189: 1176: 1163: 1150: 1149:Attached to conjunctions and particles like 1115: 1097: 1084: 1071: 1058: 613: 607: 582: 564: 558: 540: 534: 516: 510: 484: 416: 401: 386: 375: 364: 334: 315: 282: 263: 240: 8465:kataba li-ḥabībatih risālatan 'ishqan laha 5784:ithnā ‘ashara alfan wa-mi’atāni wa-sanatāni 2203:"judge" (active participle nouns ending on 249:) concerned with collecting and explaining 11515: 11501: 9884: 9870: 9787: 9773: 9672:"The Emergency of Modern Standard Arabic," 9007:, vol. 5, pg. 174, fascicules 81–82. Eds. 7959:, along with its related terms (or ‏ 9794: 8479:Some people, especially in the region of 7183:"the daughter of Hasan/Hasan's daughter". 7093:A noun following a preposition takes the 4658:"you (masc./fem. sg.)" occur in place of 757:Learn how and when to remove this message 25:Visualization of Arabic grammar from the 9544: 9505: 9181: 8935: 8902: 8900: 8451:dhahabat ila l-jāmi'ati ṭalban lil-'ilm 8373:Object of purpose (al-maf'ūl li-'ajlihi) 8266:, like m-, no replacement occurs, as in 7708:In the present tense, there is no overt 7571: 7402: 7375: 6331: 1234:while as an object form it has the form 347:The grammar or grammars of contemporary 20: 9607:"Quranic Grammar – Cognate Accusatives" 9590: 9231: 8959:Introduction to the Science of Language 7671: 7660: 7652: 7640: 7635: 7590: 7579: 7559: 7500: 7483: 7464: 7456: 7419: 7383: 7237:"the house of the man/the man's house". 5682:Large compound numbers can have, e.g.: 4436: 636: 12773: 9206: 8523:is distinct from the definite article 7771:Word order in colloquial spoken Arabic 7687:'The (female) teachers read the book.' 7516:'The (female) teachers read the book.' 6385:For the negation of Arabic verbs, see 5694:alfun wa-tis‘u mi’atin wa-tis‘u sinīna 5688:أَلْفٌ وَتِسْعُ مِئةٍ وَتِسْعُ سِنِينَ 5460:"90" decline as masculine plural nouns 4787:alfayn wa-tis‘ mīya wa-ithna‘shar sana 4410:al-rajul(u) (a)lladhī takallamtu ma‘a- 4404:اَلَّرَجُلُ ٱلَّذِي تَكَلَّمْتُ مَعَهُ 4200:Relative pronoun ("who, that, which") 11496: 9865: 9768: 9629: 9627: 9586: 9584: 9582: 9580: 9578: 9576: 9501: 9499: 9459: 9457: 9409: 9407: 9405: 9284: 9282: 9092:Alaa Elgibali and El-Said M. Badawi. 8921: 8919: 8897: 8700:is a clitic, as are the prepositions 8274:Absolute object (al-maf'ūl al-muṭlaq) 7656: 7575: 7488: 7460: 7407: 7379: 4621:can be used for "my book" , but only 3238:"to" has an irregular combining form 106:in particular, also have significant 8943:Difference in Philosophy of Religion 8830:Wiktionary: appendix on Arabic verbs 8661:and are attached to the verb; e.g., 8474: 8437:taraka baladahu baḥthan 'an ar-rizq 7631: 7606:'The (male) teachers read the book.' 7509:the-teachers-F.PL-NOM read.PAST-3.F. 7479: 7435:'The (male) teachers read the book.' 7428:the-teachers-M.PL.NOM read.PAST-3.M. 7398: 5132:in these cases. If a noun ending in 4687: 3184:"on" have irregular combining forms 2580:"you (masc. pl.) wrote it (masc.)". 1658:plurals is similarly assimilated to 1105: 769: 739:adding citations to reliable sources 710: 655:(MSA), nouns and adjectives (‏ 324:) examining the origin of the words. 9891: 9756: 9551:. Amsterdam: J. Benjamins Pub. Co. 8741: 8728: 8715: 8702: 8689: 8676: 8663: 8623: 8594: 8565: 8511: 8485: 8403: 8390: 8301: 8280: 8215: 8194: 8173: 8152: 8131: 8110: 8089: 8068: 8052: 8022: 8008: 7994: 7985:'that' (as in "I think that ..."), 7972: 7960: 7938: 7925: 7752: 7739: 7726: 7616: 7539: 7445: 7364: 7289: 7268: 7251: 7228: 7224:"the house of a man/a man's house". 7213: 7200: 7187: 7174: 7152: 7112: 7099: 7079: 7063: 7050: 7037: 7024: 6997: 6976: 6955: 6934: 6913: 6892: 6871: 6850: 6829: 6808: 6787: 6766: 6745: 6724: 6700: 6679: 6658: 6637: 6616: 6595: 6574: 6553: 6532: 6511: 6490: 6484:certainly (also used before verbs) 6469: 6455:only used in the expression تٱللهِ 6440: 6419: 6374: 6342: 6303: 6290: 6274: 6261: 6245: 6232: 6216: 6203: 6187: 6174: 6158: 6145: 6129: 6116: 6100: 6087: 6071: 6058: 6045: 6029: 6016: 5983: 5973: 5962: 5944: 5927: 5910: 5893: 5876: 5862: 5837: 5821: 5792: 5777: 5762: 5747: 5732: 5717: 5702: 5687: 5604: 5587: 5571: 5554: 5537: 5519: 5493: 5477: 5471: 5431: 5416: 5401: 5381: 5366: 5351: 5336: 5321: 5301: 5286: 5271: 5221: 5200: 5169: 5156: 5144: 5134: 5118: 5104: 5090: 5078: 5068: 5056: 5046: 5034: 5024: 5012: 5002: 4990: 4980: 4968: 4958: 4946: 4936: 4924: 4914: 4902: 4892: 4880: 4870: 4858: 4829: 4812: 4796: 4780: 4764: 4422: 4403: 4357: 4335: 4320: 4305: 4280: 4258: 4243: 4228: 4187: 4008: 3986: 3971: 3956: 3934: 3919: 3904: 3879: 3857: 3842: 3827: 3805: 3790: 3773: 3727: 3711: 3701:) should be pronounced with a long 3665: 3643: 3628: 3603: 3581: 3566: 3549: 3543: 3497: 3475: 3460: 3435: 3413: 3398: 3381: 3349:('this') and far-deictic ('that'): 3334: 3276: 3263: 3248: 3227: 3212: 3199: 3186: 3173: 3160: 3126: 3111: 3096: 3081: 3061: 3046: 3031: 3016: 2996: 2981: 2966: 2951: 2931: 2916: 2901: 2886: 2866: 2851: 2836: 2821: 2801: 2786: 2771: 2756: 2736: 2721: 2706: 2691: 2671: 2656: 2641: 2626: 2569: 2537: 2524: 2511: 2467: 2409: 2337: 2318: 2299: 2269: 2254: 2226: 2190: 2162: 2126: 2098: 2064: 2051: 2027: 2008: 1978: 1963: 1935: 1921: 1882: 1868: 1840: 1827: 1813: 1786: 1780: 1762: 1734: 1720: 1685: 1671: 1514: 1503: 1472: 1455: 1438: 1411: 1394: 1370: 1353: 1336: 1309: 1293: 1278: 1240: 1210: 1190: 1177: 1164: 1151: 1116: 1098: 1085: 1072: 1059: 1031: 1014: 990: 973: 956: 929: 912: 888: 871: 854: 827: 810: 656: 629:or consonant doubling. See more in 614: 583: 559: 535: 511: 485: 417: 402: 387: 376: 365: 335: 316: 283: 264: 241: 40: 13: 11469:Languages between parentheses are 9726:A Practical Arabic Grammar, Part 1 9624: 9573: 9496: 9454: 9402: 9279: 9154: 9019:. Leiden: Brill Publishers, 1980. 8948: 8916: 7627: 7550: 7475: 7394: 7283:being used as the equivalent of a 4101:. Similarly, the relative pronoun 573:. If the preceding word ends in a 82:, an overall shift towards a more 53:grammar of other Semitic languages 14: 12792: 9700: 8687:'his book'. The definite article 7684:the-teacher-F.PL-NOM the-book-ACC 7603:the-teacher-M.PL.NOM the-book-ACC 7022:or not. The 'true prepositions' ( 4813:بعد ألفين وتسعمئة واثنتا عشرة سنة 3323: 1215: 1142:As accusative forms they appear: 11477: 11476: 9161:A Grammar of the Arabic Language 9077:Hamilton Alexander Rosskeen Gibb 8726:'in, with' and the conjunctions 7365:المُعَلِّمُونَ قَرَؤُوا الكِتابَ 1533: 715: 374:), Semi-literate Spoken Arabic ( 9665: 9652: 9599: 9538: 9377: 9368: 9359: 9350: 9341: 9332: 9323: 9314: 9305: 9266: 9253: 9240: 9225: 9200: 9175: 9148: 9126: 9112: 9099: 9086: 9069: 8877: 8104:that (followed by noun clause) 7750:'the beautiful girl'. (Compare 7617:قَرَأَتْ المُعَلِّماتُ الكِتابَ 7446:المُعَلِّماتُ قَرَأْنَ الكِتابَ 7249:may express what is contained: 6392: 2567:before enclitic pronouns, e.g. 1597:"me" is attached to verbs, but 726:needs additional citations for 175:Al-Khalil ibn Ahmad al-Farahidi 11473:of the language on their left. 9708:Arabic conjugation 24000 Verbs 9545:Mohammad, Mohammad A. (2000). 9232:Fischer, Wolfdietrich (2002). 9049: 9029: 8998: 8989:Encyclopædia Britannica Online 8978: 8964: 8756:Reform of the Arabic tradition 7677:qara’at al-mu‘allimātu l-kitāb 7540:قَرَأَ المُعَلِّمُونَ الكِتابَ 7506:al-mu‘allimātu qara’na l-kitāb 7309:Word order in classical Arabic 4429:rajul(un) takallamtu ma‘a-h(u) 2267:"father", long construct form 16:Grammar of the Arabic language 1: 9420:Language Variation and Change 9234:A Grammar of Classical Arabic 8993:Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 8890: 8770:Refutation of the Grammarians 8459:كَتَبَ لِحَبِيبَتِهِ رِسالةً 7425:al-mu‘allimūna qara’u l-kitāb 7303: 4781:ألفين وتسعمئة واثنتا عشرة سنة 4535:for negation (from Classical 2535:), but the longer form (e.g. 203:Muhammad ibn `Isa at-Tirmidhi 9968:Ancient South Arabian script 9935:Influence on other languages 9524:10.1016/0024-3841(85)90022-1 8616:Bandar bin Abdulaziz Al Saud 8167:to express a wish or desire 7596:qara’a l-mu‘allimūna l-kitāb 7530:Partial agreement: VSO order 5844: 5660:in the plural genitive, but 5216:al-ithnatā ‘ašarata laylatan 4744:ithnā ‘ashara/ithnay ‘ashara 3685:Some of the demonstratives ( 3304:Less formal pronominal forms 2559:changes to the variant form 2509:" can use either form (e.g. 1895:"hospital" (nouns ending on 1114:forms of personal pronouns ( 1076:. The feminine plural forms 429: 363:: Illiterate Spoken Arabic ( 122:, which itself emerged from 67:can vary in different ways. 7: 11225: 10310: 10301: 10292: 10283: 10274: 10265: 10256: 10247: 10238: 10229: 10220: 10210: 10202: 10192: 10184: 10175: 10166: 10157: 10148: 10138: 10130: 10120: 10112: 10103: 10093: 10085: 10076: 10067: 10008: 8795:List of Arabic dictionaries 8783: 8747: 8734: 8721: 8708: 8695: 8682: 8669: 8633: 8604: 8575: 8532: 8516: 8490: 8409: 8396: 8307: 8286: 8202: 8181: 8160: 8139: 8118: 8097: 8076: 8059: 8030: 8016: 8002: 7988: 7980: 7967: 7954: 7944: 7931: 7864:slept.3Ms the-children-NoM 7822:the-children-NoM slept.3MP 7758: 7745: 7732: 7295: 7274: 7257: 7233: 7219: 7205: 7192: 7179: 7157: 7134: 7118: 7105: 7085: 7080:ظُرُوف مَكان وَظُرُوف زَمان 7069: 7056: 7043: 7030: 7020:triconsonantal roots system 7005: 6984: 6963: 6942: 6921: 6900: 6879: 6858: 6837: 6816: 6795: 6774: 6753: 6732: 6708: 6687: 6666: 6645: 6624: 6603: 6582: 6561: 6540: 6519: 6498: 6477: 6458: 6448: 6427: 6309: 6296: 6280: 6267: 6251: 6238: 6222: 6209: 6193: 6180: 6164: 6151: 6135: 6122: 6106: 6093: 6077: 6064: 6051: 6035: 6022: 6005: 5997: 5989: 5955: 5938: 5921: 5904: 5887: 5869: 5855: 5829: 5813: 5798: 5783: 5768: 5753: 5738: 5723: 5708: 5693: 5676:appears to have no plural. 5671: 5663: 5655: 5647: 5644:"2,000" with dual endings; 5639: 5631: 5623: 5615: 5598: 5581: 5564: 5547: 5530: 5513: 5487: 5465: 5455: 5447: 5424: 5409: 5394: 5374: 5359: 5344: 5329: 5314: 5294: 5279: 5264: 5215: 5209: 5193: 5175: 5162: 5124: 5098: 5084: 5062: 5040: 5018: 4996: 4974: 4952: 4930: 4908: 4886: 4864: 4835: 4818: 4802: 4786: 4770: 4743: 4735: 4727: 4719: 4711: 4703: 4695: 4682: 4673: 4661: 4570:for direct objects (but in 4565: 4538: 4523: 4515: 4500: 4492: 4484: 4476: 4468: 4456: 4448: 4428: 4409: 4364: 4342: 4327: 4312: 4287: 4265: 4250: 4235: 4179: 4163: 4147: 4132:This word also shows up in 4120: 4112: 4104: 4096: 4088: 4080: 4068: 4060: 4052: 4044: 4036: 4028: 4015: 3993: 3978: 3963: 3941: 3926: 3911: 3886: 3864: 3849: 3834: 3812: 3797: 3782: 3733: 3704: 3696: 3688: 3672: 3650: 3635: 3610: 3588: 3573: 3558: 3504: 3482: 3467: 3442: 3420: 3405: 3390: 3340: 3294: 3282: 3269: 3254: 3241: 3233: 3218: 3205: 3192: 3179: 3166: 3147: 3133: 3118: 3103: 3088: 3068: 3053: 3038: 3023: 3003: 2988: 2973: 2958: 2938: 2923: 2908: 2893: 2873: 2858: 2843: 2828: 2808: 2793: 2778: 2763: 2743: 2728: 2713: 2698: 2678: 2663: 2648: 2633: 2591: 2575: 2562: 2554: 2543: 2530: 2517: 2504: 2496: 2473: 2443: 2415: 2385: 2373: 2361: 2343: 2324: 2305: 2275: 2262: 2232: 2198: 2168: 2134: 2104: 2070: 2057: 2033: 2014: 1984: 1976:"teachers", acc./gen. dual 1971: 1941: 1927: 1890: 1876: 1846: 1833: 1819: 1770: 1740: 1726: 1698:(most of nouns in general). 1693: 1679: 1661: 1649: 1641: 1633: 1625: 1616: 1608: 1600: 1592: 1581: 1565: 1557: 1541: 1523: 1497: 1481: 1464: 1447: 1420: 1403: 1379: 1362: 1345: 1318: 1301: 1286: 1246: 1221: 1204: 1196: 1183: 1170: 1157: 1122: 1092: 1079: 1066: 1053: 1040: 1023: 999: 982: 965: 938: 921: 897: 880: 863: 836: 819: 706: 681: 664: 643:Arabic nouns and adjectives 620: 598: 590: 576: 552: 528: 504: 478: 422: 407: 392: 385:), Educated Spoken Arabic ( 381: 370: 329: 310: 299: 291:) primarily concerned with 277: 258: 235: 224: 10: 12797: 9691:Edinburgh University Press 9081:The Encyclopaedia of Islam 8913:, v. 10, pgs. 89–113. 1974 8219: 8209:there is no, there is not 7949:'The sky is blue indeed'. 7939:إِنَّ ٱلسَّمَاءَ زَرْقَاءُ 7763:'the girl is beautiful'.) 7143: 7086:ẓurūf makān wa-ẓurūf zamān 6719: 6412: 6325: 5830:mi’atu kitābin wa-kitābāni 5138:is the first member of an 5128:) is pronounced as simple 4852:" are ultimately derived. 3259:"in, with, by" is regular. 2611:With "... you" (masc. sg.) 2584:Pronouns with prepositions 2448:(more commonly loanwords). 2390:(more commonly loanwords). 2062:"teachers", acc./gen. pl. 1117:اَلضَّمَائِر الْمُتَّصِلَة 640: 433: 351:are a different question. 129: 12749: 12716: 12688: 12670: 12631: 12601: 12573: 12535: 12506: 12478: 12455: 12402: 12369: 12336: 12291: 12231: 12177: 12124: 12071: 12029: 11959: 11924: 11846: 11823: 11745: 11683: 11598: 11589: 11534: 11456: 11449:Islam and Arabic language 11442: 11377: 11264: 11194: 11173: 11098: 11016: 10998: 10959: 10852: 10812: 10779: 10770: 10743: 10703: 10694: 10668: 10555: 10415: 10406: 10397: 10376: 10330: 10321: 10058: 9943: 9900: 9850: 9802: 9432:10.1017/S0954394509000027 9207:Ryding, Karin C. (2005). 9182:Drissner, Gerald (2015). 8525: 8050: 7837: 7801: 7355:Full agreement: SVO order 7169:Simple examples include: 7126: 5822:أَلْفُ لَيْلةٍ وَلَيْلةٌٌ 5814:alfu laylatin wa-laylatun 5421: 5406: 5291: 5276: 5210:ithnatā ‘ašarata laylatan 4423:رَجُلٌ تَكَلَّمْتُ مَعَهُ 4333: 4303: 4295: 4256: 4226: 4218: 4204: 4169: 4153: 4137: 4129:tribe in Qur'anic times. 3984: 3969: 3894: 3855: 3840: 3763: 3749: 3717: 3626: 3618: 3579: 3541: 3533: 3519: 3458: 3450: 3411: 3379: 3371: 3357: 2465: 2437: 2436:From any nouns ending on 2407: 2379: 2367: 2355: 2354:From any nouns ending on 2224: 2204: 2160: 2140: 2139:"chosen" (regular plural 2096: 2076: 2025: 1933: 1919: 1896: 1825: 1811: 1776: 1732: 1718: 1453: 1428: 1351: 1326: 1307: 1273: 1259: 971: 946: 869: 844: 825: 805: 791: 608: 565: 541: 517: 377:عامِّيّة المُتَنَوِّرِينَ 11390:Arabic script in Unicode 11125:Jordanian Bengali Pidgin 10485:(North-Eastern Tunisian) 9120:"Direct Object Pronouns" 9009:Clifford Edmund Bosworth 8870: 8652: 8509:(family of the Sheikh). 8445:ذَهَبَتْ إلَى الجامِعةِ 8335:ḍaḥaka l-waladu ḍaḥikan 8295:construction in which a 7916: 6321: 5838:مِائةُ كِتابٍ وَكِتابانِ 5095:‎) (feminine form 4844:, from which the words " 4670:"we" occurs in place of 4196:is declined as follows: 2548:) is usually preferred. 1775:"word" (nouns ending on 1546:occurs after the vowels 1123:aḍ-ḍamā’ir al-muttaṣilah 569: ), pronounced as 545: ), pronounced as 521: ), pronounced as 440:Classical Arabic has 28 388:عامِّيّة اَلمُثَقَّفِينَ 382:‘āmmīyat al-mutanawwirīn 102:. Many Arabic dialects, 43:) is the grammar of the 12246:Central Atlas Tamazight 10652:Western Egyptian Bedawi 9817:Al-Alfiyya of Ibn Malik 9715:Wright's Arabic Grammar 8363:uḥibbuki ḥubban jamman 7945:inna s-samā’a zarqā’(u) 7797:Modern Standard Arabic 7737:'a beautiful girl' but 7262:"a cup of coffee". The 7132:Genitive construction ( 5565:thalāthatun wa-‘ishrūna 5524:‎) (plural of 10) 4508:In many varieties, the 4382:, where the gender and 1654:of masculine defective 451:, which constitute the 393:‘āmmīyat al-muthaqqafīn 9168:association, connexion 9005:Encyclopaedia of Islam 8995:Accessed 10 June 2013. 8835:WikiBook: Learn Arabic 8825:Romanization of Arabic 8338:The boy laughed much. 7875:'The children slept.' 7872:'The children slept.' 7869:'The children slept.' 7861:slept.3p the-children 7858:slept.3p the-children 7833:'The children slept.' 7830:'The children slept.' 7827:'The children slept.' 7819:the-children slept-3P 7816:the-children slept.3p 7811:ʔal-ʔawlaad-u naamuu. 7666: 7647: 7622: 7585: 7566: 7545: 7495: 7470: 7451: 7414: 7389: 7370: 6337: 5990:al-a‘dād al-tartībīyah 4065:, an infixed syllable 3287:"on" double the final 2280:(long construct nouns) 2207:‎ as nominative) 1962:From nom. dual ‏ 653:Modern Standard Arabic 398:Modern Standard Arabic 366:عامِّيّة الأُمِّيِّينِ 136:Abu al-Aswad al-Du'ali 72:morphological markings 61:Modern Standard Arabic 29: 11256:Quranic Arabic Corpus 9963:Ancient North Arabian 9827:Poem of Sidi Boushaki 9796:Arabic language books 9689:by permission of the 9662:(Cairo, 1947), p. 48. 8820:Quranic Arabic Corpus 8774:linguistic governance 8433:بَحْثًا عَنِ الرِزْقِ 8278:The absolute object ( 8262:. When followed by a 8234:does not inflect for 7993:'that' (after ‏ 7746:al-fatātu al-jamīlatu 7196:"the house of peace". 6335: 4840:) from 0–10. Zero is 4830:الأَعْداد الأَصْلِيّة 4751:The formal system of 4623:il-mu‘allimūn bitū‘-i 4593:before a noun), e.g. 4390:saw me" vs. "the man 4125:in the speech of the 3316:would become كِتابُك 142:marks and vowels for 41:النَّحْوُ العَرَبِيُّ 27:Quranic Arabic Corpus 24: 11207:Sun and moon letters 10367:Pre-classical Arabic 9677:4 March 2016 at the 9591:Brustad, K. (2000). 8657:Object pronouns are 8505:(family of Saud) or 8397:al-maf'ūl li-'ajlihi 8366:I love you so much. 8060:'inna wa ’akhawātuha 8053:إِنَّ وَأَخَوَاتُهَا 7740:الفَتاةُ ٱلْجَمِيلةُ 7209:"a kilo of bananas". 6398:Common prepositions 5803:"after 12,202 years" 5773:"after 12,222 years" 5743:"after 94,863 years" 4641:dak l-/dik l-/duk l- 4552:/ma-katab-ha-ˈliː-ʃ/ 4547:constructs, such as 4437:Colloquial varieties 3155:Note in particular: 1779:‎), pl ‏ 735:improve this article 637:Nouns and adjectives 371:‘āmmīyat al-ummiyyīn 11876:Old Church Slavonic 11061:Judeo-Tripolitanian 10540:Judeo-Tripolitanian 9687:The Arabic Language 9107:The Arabic Language 8941:Goodchild, Philip. 8810:Varieties of Arabic 8447:طَلْبًا لِلْعِلْمِ 8287:al-maf'ūl al-muṭlaq 7759:al-fatātu jamīlatun 7702:non-configurational 7532: 7357: 6399: 5963:ثَلَاثَةُ أَرْبَاعٍ 5866:) in the singular, 5713:"after 1,909 years" 5572:ثَلاثةٌ وَعِشْرُونَ 5555:اثْنانِ وَعِشْرُونَ 5548:ithnāni wa-‘ishrūna 5531:wāḥidun wa-‘ishrūna 4836:al-a‘dād al-aṣlīyah 4827:Cardinal numerals ( 4823:"after 2,912 years" 4807:"after 2,912 years" 4352:accusative/genitive 4275:accusative/genitive 4201: 3746: 3660:accusative/genitive 3598:accusative/genitive 3516: 3492:accusative/genitive 3430:accusative/genitive 3354: 1558:-a, -ā, -u, -ū, -aw 699:. In colloquial or 349:varieties of Arabic 65:varieties of Arabic 12741:Lingua Franca Nova 12384:Classical Japanese 11434:MacArabic encoding 9470:Linguistic Inquiry 9385:"Arabic, Standard" 7852:Naama l-ʔawlaad-u. 7715:verbless sentences 7528: 7353: 6720:Semi-prepositions 6589:on, over; against 6397: 6387:Negation in Arabic 6338: 5956:thalāthatu arbā‘in 5538:واحِدٌ وَعِشْرُونَ 5476:‎ or ‏ 5410:thalāthata ‘ashara 5382:اِثْنَتَيْ عَشْرةَ 5375:ithnatay ‘ashratan 5194:thalāthu fatayātin 4399:resumptive pronoun 4199: 4057:was composed from 3744: 3514: 3352: 2687:"in", "with", "by" 1785:‎ or ‏ 1684:"book", pl ‏ 181:, and his student 171:Abu Amr ibn al-Ala 138:, who established 112:consonant clusters 30: 12768: 12767: 12422:Classical Chinese 12067: 12066: 11528:world's languages 11490: 11489: 11465:extinct languages 11404:MS-DOS codepages 11169: 11168: 11165: 11164: 10848: 10847: 10766: 10765: 10664: 10663: 10360:Old Hijazi Arabic 9859: 9858: 9558:978-90-272-9965-9 9272:Karin C. Ryding, 9246:Karin C. Ryding, 9096:, 1996. Page 105. 9011:, E. van Donzel, 8945:, 2003. Page 153. 8650: 8649: 8587:Maytham al-Tammar 8475:Dynasty or family 8472: 8471: 8379:object of purpose 8370: 8369: 8291:) is an emphatic 8213: 8212: 8021:'but' and ‏ 7910: 7909: 7879: 7878: 7808:Lə-wlaad naʕs-u. 7753:الفَتاةُ جَمِيلةٌ 7733:fatātun jamīlatun 7727:فَتَاةٌ جَمِيلَةٌ 7693: 7692: 7522: 7521: 7296:baytu al-ṭalabati 7275:khātamu khashabin 7016: 7015: 6652:with, along with 6463:'I swear to God' 6340:Verbs in Arabic ( 6336:Arabic Verb Chart 5984:الأعداد الترتيبية 5880:) in the plural. 5648:thalāthatu ālāfin 5438: 5437: 5425:thalātha ‘ashrata 5395:thalāthata ‘ashar 5367:اِثْنَتَا عَشْرةَ 5213:"twelve nights", 5201:ثَلَاثُ فَتَيَاتٍ 5148:is pronounced as 4753:cardinal numerals 4732:"eleven" through 4688:Cardinal numerals 4445:The third-person 4372: 4371: 4353: 4301: 4276: 4224: 4136:, e.g. masculine 4023: 4022: 4004: 3952: 3900: 3875: 3823: 3769: 3728:أَلِف خَنْجَرِيّة 3680: 3679: 3661: 3624: 3599: 3539: 3512: 3511: 3493: 3456: 3431: 3377: 3310:-ka, -ki, and -hu 3141: 3140: 2493:Prepositions use 2491: 2490: 2433: 2432: 2351: 2350: 2250: 2249: 2186: 2185: 2122: 2121: 2046: 2045: 1959: 1958: 1864: 1863: 1758: 1757: 1531: 1530: 1492: 1434: 1390: 1332: 1106:Enclitic pronouns 1048: 1047: 1010: 952: 908: 850: 776:personal pronouns 770:Personal pronouns 767: 766: 759: 217:, in addition to 12788: 12437:Mandarin Chinese 12268:Levantine Arabic 11596: 11595: 11517: 11510: 11503: 11494: 11493: 11480: 11479: 11228: 10777: 10776: 10701: 10700: 10637:Western Algerian 10584:Eastern Algerian 10580:Algerian Saharan 10510:(Lesser Kabylia) 10413: 10412: 10404: 10403: 10346:Nabataean Arabic 10328: 10327: 10313: 10304: 10295: 10286: 10277: 10268: 10259: 10250: 10241: 10232: 10223: 10215: 10205: 10197: 10187: 10178: 10169: 10160: 10151: 10143: 10133: 10125: 10115: 10106: 10098: 10088: 10079: 10070: 10050:Maltese alphabet 10013: 9993:Algerian Braille 9983:Eastern numerals 9953:Nabataean script 9886: 9879: 9872: 9863: 9862: 9789: 9782: 9775: 9766: 9765: 9759: 9758: 9694: 9669: 9663: 9656: 9650: 9649: 9647: 9645: 9639:corpus.quran.com 9631: 9622: 9621: 9619: 9617: 9611:corpus.quran.com 9603: 9597: 9596: 9588: 9571: 9570: 9542: 9536: 9535: 9503: 9494: 9493: 9461: 9452: 9451: 9411: 9400: 9399: 9397: 9395: 9381: 9375: 9372: 9366: 9363: 9357: 9354: 9348: 9345: 9339: 9336: 9330: 9327: 9321: 9318: 9312: 9309: 9303: 9300: 9289: 9286: 9277: 9270: 9264: 9259:Adam Pospíšil, ' 9257: 9251: 9244: 9238: 9237: 9229: 9223: 9222: 9204: 9198: 9197: 9184:Arabic for Nerds 9179: 9173: 9172: 9152: 9146: 9145: 9143: 9141: 9136:. September 1987 9130: 9124: 9123: 9122:. 7 August 2012. 9116: 9110: 9105:Kees Versteegh, 9103: 9097: 9090: 9084: 9073: 9067: 9053: 9047: 9033: 9027: 9002: 8996: 8982: 8976: 8975: 8968: 8962: 8952: 8946: 8939: 8933: 8923: 8914: 8904: 8884: 8881: 8750: 8744: 8743: 8737: 8731: 8730: 8724: 8718: 8717: 8711: 8705: 8704: 8698: 8692: 8691: 8685: 8679: 8678: 8672: 8666: 8665: 8641: 8636: 8629:tribe/people of 8626: 8625: 8612: 8607: 8597: 8596: 8583: 8578: 8568: 8567: 8542: 8541: 8538: 8535: 8530: 8529: 8522: 8519: 8514: 8513: 8496: 8493: 8488: 8487: 8431:تَرَكَ بَلَدَهُ 8423:transliteration 8417: 8416: 8412: 8406: 8405: 8399: 8393: 8392: 8387: 8329:ضَحَكَ الوَلَدُ 8321:transliteration 8315: 8314: 8310: 8304: 8303: 8289: 8283: 8282: 8248:grammatical case 8216:Definite article 8205: 8198: 8184: 8177: 8163: 8156: 8142: 8135: 8121: 8114: 8100: 8093: 8079: 8072: 8062: 8055: 8054: 8038: 8037: 8033: 8026: 8019: 8012: 8005: 7998: 7991: 7983: 7976: 7970: 7964: 7957: 7947: 7941: 7940: 7934: 7928: 7927: 7893: 7892: 7805:Lə-wlaad neemo. 7794:Moroccan Arabic 7791:Lebanese Arabic 7786: 7785: 7761: 7755: 7754: 7748: 7742: 7741: 7735: 7729: 7728: 7673: 7662: 7658: 7654: 7642: 7637: 7633: 7629: 7619: 7618: 7592: 7581: 7577: 7573: 7561: 7556: 7552: 7542: 7541: 7533: 7527: 7502: 7490: 7485: 7481: 7477: 7466: 7462: 7458: 7448: 7447: 7421: 7409: 7404: 7400: 7396: 7385: 7381: 7377: 7367: 7366: 7358: 7352: 7298: 7292: 7291: 7290:بَيْتُ الطَلَبةِ 7277: 7271: 7270: 7260: 7258:finjānu qahwatin 7254: 7253: 7252:فِنْجانُ قَهْوةٍ 7236: 7231: 7230: 7222: 7216: 7215: 7208: 7203: 7202: 7195: 7190: 7189: 7182: 7177: 7176: 7160: 7155: 7154: 7139: 7121: 7115: 7114: 7108: 7102: 7101: 7088: 7082: 7081: 7072: 7066: 7065: 7059: 7053: 7052: 7046: 7040: 7039: 7033: 7027: 7026: 7008: 7001: 6987: 6980: 6966: 6959: 6945: 6938: 6924: 6917: 6903: 6896: 6882: 6875: 6861: 6854: 6840: 6833: 6819: 6812: 6798: 6791: 6777: 6770: 6756: 6749: 6735: 6728: 6711: 6704: 6690: 6683: 6669: 6662: 6648: 6641: 6627: 6620: 6606: 6599: 6585: 6578: 6564: 6557: 6543: 6536: 6522: 6515: 6501: 6494: 6480: 6473: 6461: 6451: 6444: 6430: 6423: 6400: 6396: 6377: 6376: 6345: 6344: 6312: 6306: 6305: 6299: 6293: 6292: 6283: 6277: 6276: 6270: 6264: 6263: 6254: 6248: 6247: 6241: 6235: 6234: 6225: 6219: 6218: 6212: 6206: 6205: 6196: 6190: 6189: 6183: 6177: 6176: 6167: 6161: 6160: 6154: 6148: 6147: 6138: 6132: 6131: 6125: 6119: 6118: 6109: 6103: 6102: 6096: 6090: 6089: 6080: 6074: 6073: 6067: 6061: 6060: 6056:(definite form: 6054: 6048: 6047: 6038: 6032: 6031: 6025: 6019: 6018: 6008: 6000: 5992: 5986: 5985: 5979:Ordinal numerals 5974:Ordinal numerals 5965: 5964: 5958: 5948: 5941: 5931: 5924: 5914: 5907: 5897: 5890: 5879: 5878: 5872: 5865: 5864: 5858: 5840: 5839: 5832: 5824: 5823: 5816: 5801: 5795: 5794: 5786: 5780: 5779: 5771: 5765: 5764: 5756: 5750: 5749: 5741: 5735: 5734: 5726: 5720: 5719: 5711: 5705: 5704: 5696: 5690: 5689: 5674: 5666: 5664:thalāthu mi’atin 5658: 5650: 5642: 5634: 5626: 5618: 5608: 5601: 5591: 5584: 5574: 5573: 5567: 5557: 5556: 5550: 5540: 5539: 5533: 5523: 5516: 5497: 5492:"1,000" (‏ 5490: 5481: 5475: 5468: 5458: 5450: 5434: 5433: 5427: 5419: 5418: 5412: 5404: 5403: 5397: 5384: 5383: 5377: 5369: 5368: 5362: 5360:ithnatā ‘ashrata 5354: 5353: 5347: 5339: 5338: 5332: 5324: 5323: 5317: 5304: 5303: 5297: 5289: 5288: 5282: 5274: 5273: 5267: 5228: 5227: 5224: 5223: 5218: 5212: 5203: 5202: 5196: 5178: 5172: 5171: 5165: 5159: 5158: 5151: 5147: 5146: 5137: 5136: 5131: 5127: 5121: 5120: 5108: 5101: 5094: 5087: 5081: 5080: 5072: 5065: 5059: 5058: 5050: 5043: 5037: 5036: 5028: 5021: 5015: 5014: 5006: 4999: 4993: 4992: 4984: 4977: 4971: 4970: 4962: 4955: 4949: 4948: 4940: 4933: 4927: 4926: 4918: 4911: 4905: 4904: 4896: 4889: 4883: 4882: 4874: 4867: 4861: 4860: 4838: 4832: 4831: 4821: 4815: 4814: 4805: 4799: 4798: 4789: 4783: 4782: 4773: 4767: 4766: 4746: 4738: 4730: 4722: 4716:"three" through 4714: 4706: 4698: 4676: 4664: 4619:il-kitāb bitā‘-i 4568: 4553: 4541: 4534: 4526: 4518: 4503: 4495: 4487: 4479: 4471: 4459: 4451: 4431: 4425: 4424: 4415: 4406: 4405: 4384:number agreement 4367: 4360: 4359: 4351: 4345: 4338: 4337: 4330: 4323: 4322: 4315: 4308: 4307: 4299: 4290: 4283: 4282: 4274: 4268: 4261: 4260: 4253: 4246: 4245: 4238: 4231: 4230: 4222: 4202: 4198: 4194:relative pronoun 4188:Relative pronoun 4182: 4171: 4166: 4155: 4150: 4139: 4123: 4115: 4107: 4099: 4091: 4083: 4071: 4063: 4055: 4047: 4039: 4031: 4018: 4011: 4010: 4002: 3996: 3989: 3988: 3981: 3974: 3973: 3966: 3959: 3958: 3950: 3944: 3937: 3936: 3929: 3922: 3921: 3914: 3907: 3906: 3898: 3889: 3882: 3881: 3873: 3867: 3860: 3859: 3852: 3845: 3844: 3837: 3830: 3829: 3821: 3815: 3808: 3807: 3800: 3793: 3792: 3785: 3777: 3767: 3747: 3743: 3736: 3734:alif khanjarīyah 3730: 3729: 3720: 3719: 3714: 3713: 3707: 3699: 3691: 3675: 3668: 3667: 3659: 3653: 3646: 3645: 3638: 3631: 3630: 3622: 3613: 3606: 3605: 3597: 3591: 3584: 3583: 3576: 3569: 3568: 3561: 3553: 3548:‎ ،‏ 3547: 3537: 3517: 3513: 3507: 3500: 3499: 3491: 3485: 3478: 3477: 3470: 3463: 3462: 3454: 3445: 3438: 3437: 3429: 3423: 3416: 3415: 3408: 3401: 3400: 3393: 3385: 3375: 3355: 3351: 3343: 3341:asmā’ al-ishārah 3337: 3336: 3297: 3285: 3279: 3278: 3272: 3266: 3265: 3257: 3251: 3250: 3244: 3236: 3230: 3229: 3221: 3215: 3214: 3208: 3202: 3201: 3195: 3189: 3188: 3182: 3176: 3175: 3169: 3163: 3162: 3150: 3136: 3129: 3128: 3121: 3114: 3113: 3106: 3099: 3098: 3091: 3084: 3083: 3071: 3064: 3063: 3056: 3049: 3048: 3041: 3034: 3033: 3026: 3019: 3018: 3006: 2999: 2998: 2991: 2984: 2983: 2976: 2969: 2968: 2961: 2954: 2953: 2941: 2934: 2933: 2926: 2919: 2918: 2911: 2904: 2903: 2896: 2889: 2888: 2876: 2869: 2868: 2861: 2854: 2853: 2846: 2839: 2838: 2831: 2824: 2823: 2811: 2804: 2803: 2796: 2789: 2788: 2781: 2774: 2773: 2766: 2759: 2758: 2746: 2739: 2738: 2731: 2724: 2723: 2716: 2709: 2708: 2701: 2694: 2693: 2681: 2674: 2673: 2666: 2659: 2658: 2651: 2644: 2643: 2636: 2629: 2628: 2605:Independent form 2599: 2598: 2594: 2578: 2572: 2571: 2565: 2557: 2546: 2540: 2539: 2533: 2527: 2526: 2520: 2514: 2513: 2507: 2499: 2476: 2470: 2469: 2452: 2451: 2446: 2439: 2418: 2412: 2411: 2394: 2393: 2388: 2381: 2376: 2369: 2364: 2357: 2346: 2340: 2339: 2327: 2321: 2320: 2308: 2302: 2301: 2284: 2283: 2278: 2272: 2271: 2265: 2258: 2235: 2229: 2228: 2211: 2210: 2206: 2201: 2194: 2171: 2165: 2164: 2147: 2146: 2142: 2137: 2130: 2125:From pl. ‏ 2107: 2101: 2100: 2083: 2082: 2078: 2075:(regular plural 2073: 2067: 2066: 2060: 2054: 2053: 2036: 2030: 2029: 2017: 2011: 2010: 1993: 1992: 1987: 1981: 1980: 1974: 1967: 1944: 1938: 1937: 1930: 1924: 1923: 1903: 1902: 1898: 1893: 1886: 1881:"world"; ‏ 1879: 1872: 1849: 1843: 1842: 1836: 1830: 1829: 1822: 1816: 1815: 1795: 1794: 1790: 1784: 1778: 1773: 1766: 1743: 1737: 1736: 1729: 1723: 1722: 1702: 1701: 1696: 1689: 1682: 1675: 1664: 1652: 1644: 1636: 1628: 1619: 1611: 1603: 1595: 1584: 1568: 1560: 1544: 1526: 1518: 1507: 1500: 1490: 1484: 1476: 1467: 1459: 1450: 1442: 1432: 1423: 1415: 1406: 1398: 1388: 1382: 1374: 1365: 1357: 1348: 1340: 1330: 1321: 1313: 1304: 1297: 1289: 1283:‎ (poss.) 1282: 1257: 1256: 1249: 1243: 1242: 1224: 1217: 1213: 1212: 1207: 1199: 1193: 1192: 1186: 1180: 1179: 1173: 1167: 1166: 1160: 1154: 1153: 1125: 1119: 1118: 1101: 1100: 1095: 1088: 1087: 1082: 1075: 1074: 1069: 1062: 1061: 1056: 1043: 1035: 1026: 1018: 1008: 1002: 994: 985: 977: 968: 960: 950: 941: 933: 924: 916: 906: 900: 892: 883: 875: 866: 858: 848: 839: 831: 822: 814: 789: 788: 762: 755: 751: 748: 742: 719: 711: 691:(definiteness), 684: 667: 660: 649:Classical Arabic 623: 617: 616: 611: 610: 605: 601: 593: 586: 585: 579: 572: 568: 567: 562: 561: 555: 548: 544: 543: 538: 537: 531: 524: 520: 519: 514: 513: 507: 488: 487: 481: 458:It also has six 447:, including two 436:Arabic phonology 425: 420: 419: 413:Classical Arabic 410: 405: 404: 395: 390: 389: 384: 379: 378: 373: 368: 367: 361:Classical Arabic 338: 337: 332: 319: 318: 313: 302: 286: 285: 280: 267: 266: 261: 244: 243: 238: 150:(died AD 735/6, 120:Maltese language 88:grammatical mood 76:grammatical case 57:Classical Arabic 49:Semitic language 42: 12796: 12795: 12791: 12790: 12789: 12787: 12786: 12785: 12771: 12770: 12769: 12764: 12745: 12712: 12684: 12666: 12634:Native American 12627: 12597: 12569: 12531: 12502: 12474: 12451: 12398: 12365: 12332: 12287: 12227: 12173: 12120: 12063: 12025: 11955: 11920: 11842: 11819: 11741: 11720:Scottish Gaelic 11679: 11585: 11530: 11521: 11491: 11486: 11452: 11438: 11385:Arabic keyboard 11373: 11268: 11260: 11245:Mater lectionis 11239:Triliteral root 11190: 11161: 11102: 11094: 11012: 10994: 10955: 10844: 10808: 10762: 10739: 10690: 10660: 10551: 10531:Judeo-Maghrebi 10399: 10393: 10389:Modern Standard 10372: 10317: 10054: 9998:Maltese Braille 9978:Arabic numerals 9939: 9896: 9890: 9860: 9855: 9846: 9822:Nahj al-Balagha 9798: 9793: 9703: 9698: 9697: 9679:Wayback Machine 9670: 9666: 9657: 9653: 9643: 9641: 9633: 9632: 9625: 9615: 9613: 9605: 9604: 9600: 9589: 9574: 9559: 9543: 9539: 9504: 9497: 9462: 9455: 9412: 9403: 9393: 9391: 9383: 9382: 9378: 9373: 9369: 9364: 9360: 9355: 9351: 9346: 9342: 9337: 9333: 9328: 9324: 9319: 9315: 9310: 9306: 9301: 9292: 9287: 9280: 9271: 9267: 9258: 9254: 9245: 9241: 9230: 9226: 9219: 9205: 9201: 9194: 9180: 9176: 9156:Wright, William 9153: 9149: 9139: 9137: 9132: 9131: 9127: 9118: 9117: 9113: 9104: 9100: 9091: 9087: 9074: 9070: 9054: 9050: 9034: 9030: 9003: 8999: 8983: 8979: 8970: 8969: 8965: 8955:Archibald Sayce 8953: 8949: 8940: 8936: 8924: 8917: 8907:Kojiro Nakamura 8905: 8898: 8893: 8888: 8887: 8882: 8878: 8873: 8815:Arabic alphabet 8805:Literary Arabic 8790:Arabic language 8786: 8758: 8655: 8600:family/clan of 8477: 8381: 8375: 8345:دَوْرةً واحِدةً 8276: 8224: 8218: 8007:'say'), ‏ 7921: 7847:naʕs-u lə-wlaad 7842:Neemo lə-wlaad. 7773: 7689: 7675: 7664: 7645: 7620: 7608: 7594: 7583: 7564: 7543: 7518: 7504: 7493: 7468: 7449: 7437: 7423: 7412: 7387: 7368: 7311: 7306: 7229:بَيْتُ الرَجُلِ 7148: 7142: 7129: 7025:حُرُوف اَلْجَرّ 6760:between, among 6414: 6395: 6330: 6324: 5976: 5952:three-quarters 5847: 5835: 5819: 5429: 5414: 5399: 5379: 5364: 5352:اِثْنَيْ عَشَرَ 5349: 5334: 5319: 5299: 5284: 5269: 5253: 5248: 5243: 5238: 4736:tis‘ata ‘ashara 4690: 4685: 4599:Egyptian Arabic 4583:Moroccan Arabic 4549:Egyptian Arabic 4510:indirect object 4463:Egyptian Arabic 4439: 4361: 4339: 4324: 4309: 4284: 4262: 4247: 4232: 4190: 4012: 3990: 3987:ذَواتِ، أُولاتِ 3975: 3960: 3938: 3935:ذَواتُ، أُولاتُ 3923: 3908: 3883: 3861: 3846: 3831: 3809: 3794: 3779: 3669: 3647: 3632: 3607: 3585: 3570: 3555: 3501: 3479: 3464: 3439: 3417: 3402: 3387: 3335:أَسْماء الإشارة 3326: 3306: 3130: 3115: 3100: 3085: 3065: 3050: 3035: 3020: 3000: 2985: 2970: 2955: 2935: 2920: 2905: 2890: 2870: 2855: 2840: 2825: 2805: 2790: 2775: 2760: 2740: 2725: 2710: 2695: 2675: 2660: 2645: 2630: 2621:indirect object 2614:With "... him" 2586: 1838: 1536: 1520: 1478: 1461: 1444: 1417: 1400: 1376: 1359: 1342: 1315: 1298:‎ (obj.) 1291: 1251:"you saw me"). 1175:"because ...", 1133:construct state 1108: 1037: 1020: 996: 979: 962: 935: 918: 894: 877: 860: 833: 816: 772: 763: 752: 746: 743: 732: 720: 709: 673:, according to 645: 639: 495:Literary Arabic 453:Arabic alphabet 438: 432: 418:فُصْحَى التُراث 403:فُصْحَى العَصْر 227: 157:The schools of 132: 124:Sicilian Arabic 116:Maghrebi Arabic 104:Maghrebi Arabic 45:Arabic language 17: 12: 11: 5: 12794: 12784: 12783: 12781:Arabic grammar 12766: 12765: 12763: 12762: 12756: 12754: 12747: 12746: 12744: 12743: 12738: 12733: 12728: 12722: 12720: 12714: 12713: 12711: 12710: 12705: 12700: 12694: 12692: 12686: 12685: 12683: 12682: 12676: 12674: 12668: 12667: 12665: 12664: 12659: 12654: 12649: 12644: 12638: 12636: 12629: 12628: 12626: 12625: 12620: 12619: 12618: 12607: 12605: 12599: 12598: 12596: 12595: 12590: 12585: 12579: 12577: 12571: 12570: 12568: 12567: 12562: 12557: 12552: 12547: 12541: 12539: 12533: 12532: 12530: 12529: 12524: 12519: 12513: 12511: 12504: 12503: 12501: 12500: 12495: 12490: 12484: 12482: 12476: 12475: 12473: 12472: 12467: 12461: 12459: 12453: 12452: 12450: 12449: 12444: 12439: 12434: 12429: 12424: 12419: 12414: 12408: 12406: 12400: 12399: 12397: 12396: 12391: 12386: 12381: 12375: 12373: 12367: 12366: 12364: 12363: 12358: 12353: 12348: 12342: 12340: 12334: 12333: 12331: 12330: 12325: 12320: 12315: 12310: 12309: 12308: 12297: 12295: 12289: 12288: 12286: 12285: 12280: 12275: 12270: 12265: 12260: 12259: 12258: 12248: 12243: 12237: 12235: 12229: 12228: 12226: 12225: 12220: 12215: 12210: 12205: 12200: 12195: 12190: 12184: 12182: 12175: 12174: 12172: 12171: 12166: 12161: 12156: 12151: 12146: 12141: 12136: 12130: 12128: 12122: 12121: 12119: 12118: 12113: 12108: 12103: 12098: 12093: 12088: 12083: 12077: 12075: 12069: 12068: 12065: 12064: 12062: 12061: 12056: 12055: 12054: 12049: 12039: 12033: 12031: 12027: 12026: 12024: 12023: 12022: 12021: 12011: 12006: 12001: 11996: 11991: 11986: 11981: 11976: 11971: 11965: 11963: 11957: 11956: 11954: 11953: 11952: 11951: 11941: 11936: 11930: 11928: 11922: 11921: 11919: 11918: 11913: 11908: 11903: 11898: 11896:Serbo-Croatian 11893: 11888: 11883: 11878: 11873: 11868: 11863: 11858: 11852: 11850: 11844: 11843: 11841: 11840: 11835: 11829: 11827: 11821: 11820: 11818: 11817: 11812: 11807: 11802: 11797: 11796: 11795: 11790: 11782: 11777: 11772: 11770:Istro-Romanian 11767: 11762: 11757: 11751: 11749: 11743: 11742: 11740: 11739: 11738: 11737: 11732: 11722: 11717: 11712: 11711: 11710: 11700: 11695: 11689: 11687: 11681: 11680: 11678: 11677: 11672: 11667: 11662: 11657: 11652: 11647: 11642: 11637: 11632: 11631: 11630: 11620: 11615: 11610: 11604: 11602: 11593: 11587: 11586: 11584: 11583: 11582: 11581: 11576: 11571: 11566: 11561: 11556: 11546: 11541: 11535: 11532: 11531: 11520: 11519: 11512: 11505: 11497: 11488: 11487: 11485: 11484: 11474: 11467: 11457: 11454: 11453: 11451: 11450: 11446: 11444: 11440: 11439: 11437: 11436: 11431: 11430: 11429: 11424: 11419: 11416: 11413: 11410: 11402: 11397: 11395:ISO/IEC 8859-6 11392: 11387: 11381: 11379: 11375: 11374: 11372: 11371: 11366: 11361: 11356: 11351: 11346: 11341: 11336: 11331: 11329:Naskh (script) 11326: 11321: 11316: 11311: 11306: 11301: 11296: 11291: 11286: 11281: 11275: 11273: 11262: 11261: 11259: 11258: 11253: 11248: 11241: 11236: 11231: 11221: 11220: 11219: 11214: 11209: 11198: 11196: 11192: 11191: 11189: 11188: 11183: 11177: 11175: 11171: 11170: 11167: 11166: 11163: 11162: 11160: 11159: 11154: 11149: 11144: 11139: 11132: 11127: 11122: 11117: 11109: 11107: 11096: 11095: 11093: 11092: 11091: 11090: 11087: 11084: 11081: 11073: 11072: 11071: 11066:Judeo-Tunisian 11063: 11058: 11057: 11056: 11053: 11048:Judeo-Moroccan 11045: 11044: 11043: 11033: 11031:Judeo-Egyptian 11028: 11026:Judeo-Algerian 11022: 11020: 11014: 11013: 11011: 11010: 11008:Bedouin Arabic 11004: 11002: 10996: 10995: 10993: 10992: 10985: 10984: 10983: 10978: 10975: 10972: 10963: 10961: 10957: 10956: 10954: 10953: 10952: 10951: 10946: 10941: 10936: 10931: 10921: 10916: 10911: 10906: 10901: 10900: 10899: 10894: 10889: 10879: 10874: 10869: 10864: 10858: 10856: 10850: 10849: 10846: 10845: 10843: 10842: 10841: 10840: 10830: 10825: 10819: 10817: 10810: 10809: 10807: 10806: 10801: 10796: 10791: 10785: 10783: 10774: 10768: 10767: 10764: 10763: 10761: 10760: 10755: 10749: 10747: 10741: 10740: 10738: 10737: 10736: 10735: 10730: 10720: 10715: 10709: 10707: 10698: 10692: 10691: 10689: 10688: 10683: 10678: 10672: 10670: 10666: 10665: 10662: 10661: 10659: 10658: 10657: 10656: 10655: 10654: 10641: 10640: 10639: 10634: 10633: 10632: 10627: 10620:Moroccan koiné 10617: 10616: 10615: 10605: 10597: 10596: 10595: 10593:Tunisian koiné 10589:Eastern Hilal 10587: 10586: 10585: 10582: 10577: 10576: 10575: 10573:Judeo-Algerian 10568:Algerian koiné 10564:Central Hilal 10561: 10559: 10553: 10552: 10550: 10549: 10548: 10547: 10545:Judeo-Tunisian 10542: 10537: 10535:Judeo-Moroccan 10529: 10528: 10527: 10526: 10525: 10519: 10513: 10512: 10511: 10505: 10500: 10488: 10487: 10486: 10475: 10474: 10473: 10472: 10471: 10466: 10461: 10456: 10451: 10446: 10429: 10421: 10419: 10410: 10401: 10395: 10394: 10392: 10391: 10386: 10380: 10378: 10374: 10373: 10371: 10370: 10363: 10356: 10349: 10342: 10334: 10332: 10325: 10319: 10318: 10316: 10315: 10306: 10297: 10288: 10279: 10270: 10261: 10252: 10243: 10234: 10225: 10216: 10207: 10198: 10189: 10180: 10171: 10162: 10153: 10144: 10135: 10126: 10117: 10108: 10099: 10090: 10081: 10072: 10062: 10060: 10056: 10055: 10053: 10052: 10047: 10046: 10045: 10040: 10035: 10030: 10024: 10019: 10014: 10000: 9995: 9990: 9988:Arabic Braille 9985: 9980: 9975: 9974: 9973: 9965: 9960: 9955: 9949: 9947: 9941: 9940: 9938: 9937: 9932: 9927: 9922: 9921: 9920: 9910: 9904: 9902: 9898: 9897: 9889: 9888: 9881: 9874: 9866: 9857: 9856: 9853:Arabic grammar 9851: 9848: 9847: 9845: 9844: 9839: 9834: 9829: 9824: 9819: 9814: 9812:Al-Ajurrumiyya 9808: 9806: 9800: 9799: 9792: 9791: 9784: 9777: 9769: 9763: 9762: 9748: 9741: 9733: 9728: 9723: 9718: 9711: 9702: 9701:External links 9699: 9696: 9695: 9683:Kees Versteegh 9664: 9651: 9623: 9598: 9572: 9557: 9537: 9518:(1): 107–122. 9495: 9476:(2): 195–220. 9453: 9401: 9376: 9367: 9358: 9349: 9340: 9331: 9322: 9313: 9304: 9290: 9278: 9265: 9252: 9239: 9224: 9218:978-0521777711 9217: 9199: 9193:978-1517538385 9192: 9174: 9147: 9125: 9111: 9098: 9085: 9068: 9048: 9028: 9017:Charles Pellat 8997: 8977: 8963: 8961:. p. 28, 1880. 8947: 8934: 8915: 8895: 8894: 8892: 8889: 8886: 8885: 8875: 8874: 8872: 8869: 8868: 8867: 8862: 8857: 8852: 8847: 8842: 8837: 8832: 8827: 8822: 8817: 8812: 8807: 8802: 8797: 8792: 8785: 8782: 8757: 8754: 8654: 8651: 8648: 8647: 8642: 8637: 8630: 8627: 8619: 8618: 8613: 8608: 8601: 8598: 8590: 8589: 8584: 8579: 8572: 8569: 8561: 8560: 8557: 8552: 8551:transcription 8549: 8546: 8476: 8473: 8470: 8469: 8466: 8463: 8456: 8455: 8452: 8449: 8442: 8441: 8438: 8435: 8428: 8427: 8424: 8421: 8374: 8371: 8368: 8367: 8364: 8361: 8354: 8353: 8350: 8347: 8340: 8339: 8336: 8333: 8326: 8325: 8322: 8319: 8293:cognate object 8281:المفعول المطلق 8275: 8272: 8220:Main article: 8217: 8214: 8211: 8210: 8207: 8190: 8189: 8186: 8169: 8168: 8165: 8148: 8147: 8144: 8127: 8126: 8125:as, as though 8123: 8106: 8105: 8102: 8085: 8084: 8081: 8065: 8048: 8047: 8044: 8041: 8017:(wa-)lākin(na) 7920: 7915: 7908: 7907: 7903: 7902: 7898: 7897: 7887:Spoken Arabic, 7877: 7876: 7873: 7870: 7866: 7865: 7862: 7859: 7855: 7854: 7849: 7844: 7839: 7835: 7834: 7831: 7828: 7824: 7823: 7820: 7817: 7813: 7812: 7809: 7806: 7803: 7799: 7798: 7795: 7792: 7789: 7772: 7769: 7695: 7694: 7691: 7690: 7680:read.PAST-3.F. 7665: 7648:al-mu‘allimātu 7646: 7621: 7614: 7613: 7610: 7609: 7584: 7565: 7544: 7537: 7536: 7524: 7523: 7520: 7519: 7494: 7469: 7452:al-mu‘allimātu 7450: 7443: 7442: 7439: 7438: 7413: 7388: 7371:al-mu‘allimūna 7369: 7362: 7361: 7310: 7307: 7305: 7302: 7239: 7238: 7225: 7210: 7197: 7184: 7163:construct form 7144:Main article: 7141: 7130: 7128: 7125: 7014: 7013: 7010: 6993: 6992: 6989: 6972: 6971: 6968: 6951: 6950: 6947: 6930: 6929: 6926: 6909: 6908: 6905: 6888: 6887: 6884: 6867: 6866: 6863: 6846: 6845: 6842: 6825: 6824: 6821: 6804: 6803: 6800: 6783: 6782: 6779: 6762: 6761: 6758: 6741: 6740: 6737: 6721: 6717: 6716: 6713: 6696: 6695: 6692: 6675: 6674: 6671: 6654: 6653: 6650: 6633: 6632: 6629: 6612: 6611: 6608: 6591: 6590: 6587: 6570: 6569: 6566: 6549: 6548: 6545: 6528: 6527: 6524: 6507: 6506: 6503: 6486: 6485: 6482: 6465: 6464: 6453: 6436: 6435: 6432: 6416: 6410: 6409: 6406: 6403: 6394: 6391: 6326:Main article: 6323: 6320: 6316: 6315: 6286: 6257: 6228: 6199: 6170: 6141: 6112: 6083: 6041: 5975: 5972: 5971: 5970: 5967: 5950: 5933: 5916: 5899: 5846: 5843: 5842: 5841: 5825: 5818:"1,001 nights" 5805: 5804: 5789: 5788:"12,202 years" 5774: 5759: 5758:"12,222 years" 5744: 5729: 5728:"94,863 years" 5714: 5699: 5611: 5610: 5593: 5576: 5559: 5542: 5525: 5500: 5499: 5483: 5470:"100" (‏ 5461: 5436: 5435: 5432:ثَلاثَ عَشْرةَ 5420: 5417:ثَلاثةَ عَشَرَ 5405: 5390: 5386: 5385: 5370: 5355: 5345:ithnay ‘ashara 5340: 5337:اِثْنَا عَشَرَ 5325: 5310: 5306: 5305: 5302:إحْدَى عَشْرةَ 5290: 5275: 5260: 5256: 5255: 5250: 5245: 5240: 5235: 5232: 5167:is changed to 5111: 5110: 5074: 5052: 5041:thamāniya(tun) 5030: 5008: 4986: 4964: 4942: 4920: 4898: 4876: 4825: 4824: 4808: 4792: 4776: 4689: 4686: 4684: 4681: 4680: 4679: 4652: 4633: 4626: 4625:"my teachers". 4607:bitā‘it/bita‘t 4595:l-kitab dyal-i 4585:, the word is 4575: 4560: 4556:morphophonemic 4506: 4438: 4435: 4370: 4369: 4354: 4348: 4347: 4332: 4317: 4302: 4297: 4293: 4292: 4277: 4271: 4270: 4255: 4240: 4225: 4220: 4216: 4215: 4212: 4209: 4206: 4189: 4186: 4021: 4020: 4005: 3999: 3998: 3994:dhawāti, ulāti 3983: 3968: 3953: 3947: 3946: 3942:dhawātu, ulātu 3931: 3916: 3901: 3896: 3892: 3891: 3876: 3870: 3869: 3854: 3839: 3824: 3818: 3817: 3802: 3787: 3770: 3765: 3761: 3760: 3757: 3754: 3751: 3678: 3677: 3662: 3656: 3655: 3640: 3625: 3620: 3616: 3615: 3600: 3594: 3593: 3578: 3563: 3559:dhālika, dhāka 3540: 3535: 3531: 3530: 3527: 3524: 3521: 3515:"That, those" 3510: 3509: 3494: 3488: 3487: 3472: 3457: 3452: 3448: 3447: 3432: 3426: 3425: 3410: 3395: 3378: 3373: 3369: 3368: 3365: 3362: 3359: 3353:"This, these" 3330:demonstratives 3328:There are two 3325: 3324:Demonstratives 3322: 3305: 3302: 3301: 3300: 3260: 3224: 3139: 3138: 3123: 3108: 3093: 3078: 3074: 3073: 3058: 3043: 3028: 3013: 3009: 3008: 2993: 2978: 2963: 2948: 2944: 2943: 2928: 2913: 2898: 2883: 2879: 2878: 2863: 2848: 2833: 2818: 2814: 2813: 2798: 2783: 2768: 2753: 2749: 2748: 2733: 2718: 2703: 2688: 2684: 2683: 2668: 2653: 2638: 2623: 2616: 2615: 2612: 2609: 2606: 2603: 2585: 2582: 2489: 2488: 2484: 2483: 2479: 2478: 2464: 2460: 2459: 2456: 2450: 2449: 2431: 2430: 2426: 2425: 2421: 2420: 2406: 2402: 2401: 2398: 2392: 2391: 2349: 2348: 2334: 2330: 2329: 2315: 2311: 2310: 2296: 2292: 2291: 2288: 2282: 2281: 2248: 2247: 2243: 2242: 2238: 2237: 2223: 2219: 2218: 2215: 2209: 2208: 2184: 2183: 2179: 2178: 2174: 2173: 2159: 2155: 2154: 2151: 2145: 2144: 2143:‎ nouns) 2120: 2119: 2115: 2114: 2110: 2109: 2095: 2091: 2090: 2087: 2081: 2080: 2079:‎ nouns) 2049:From nom. pl. 2044: 2043: 2039: 2038: 2024: 2020: 2019: 2005: 2001: 2000: 1997: 1991: 1990: 1957: 1956: 1952: 1951: 1947: 1946: 1932: 1918: 1914: 1913: 1910: 1907: 1901: 1900: 1862: 1861: 1857: 1856: 1852: 1851: 1824: 1810: 1806: 1805: 1802: 1799: 1793: 1792: 1756: 1755: 1751: 1750: 1746: 1745: 1731: 1717: 1713: 1712: 1709: 1706: 1700: 1699: 1535: 1532: 1529: 1528: 1516:ـهُنَّ, ـهِنَّ 1511: 1493: 1487: 1486: 1469: 1457:ـهُمَا, ـهِمَا 1452: 1435: 1430: 1426: 1425: 1408: 1391: 1385: 1384: 1367: 1350: 1333: 1328: 1324: 1323: 1306: 1275: 1271: 1270: 1267: 1264: 1261: 1228: 1227: 1211:أَخَوَات إِنَّ 1147: 1140: 1139: 1136: 1107: 1104: 1046: 1045: 1028: 1011: 1005: 1004: 987: 970: 953: 948: 944: 943: 926: 909: 903: 902: 885: 868: 851: 846: 842: 841: 824: 807: 803: 802: 799: 796: 793: 771: 768: 765: 764: 723: 721: 714: 708: 705: 641:Main article: 638: 635: 591:hamzat al-waṣl 486:هَمْزة الوَصْل 479:Hamzat al-waṣl 434:Main article: 431: 428: 423:fuṣḥá t-turāth 353:Said M. Badawi 345: 344: 325: 306: 273: 254: 226: 223: 131: 128: 47:. Arabic is a 33:Arabic grammar 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 12793: 12782: 12779: 12778: 12776: 12761: 12758: 12757: 12755: 12753: 12748: 12742: 12739: 12737: 12734: 12732: 12729: 12727: 12724: 12723: 12721: 12719: 12715: 12709: 12706: 12704: 12701: 12699: 12696: 12695: 12693: 12691: 12687: 12681: 12678: 12677: 12675: 12673: 12669: 12663: 12660: 12658: 12655: 12653: 12650: 12648: 12645: 12643: 12640: 12639: 12637: 12635: 12630: 12624: 12621: 12617: 12614: 12613: 12612: 12609: 12608: 12606: 12604: 12600: 12594: 12591: 12589: 12586: 12584: 12581: 12580: 12578: 12576: 12572: 12566: 12563: 12561: 12558: 12556: 12553: 12551: 12548: 12546: 12543: 12542: 12540: 12538: 12534: 12528: 12525: 12523: 12520: 12518: 12515: 12514: 12512: 12510: 12505: 12499: 12496: 12494: 12491: 12489: 12486: 12485: 12483: 12481: 12477: 12471: 12468: 12466: 12463: 12462: 12460: 12458: 12457:Austroasiatic 12454: 12448: 12445: 12443: 12440: 12438: 12435: 12433: 12430: 12428: 12425: 12423: 12420: 12418: 12415: 12413: 12410: 12409: 12407: 12405: 12401: 12395: 12392: 12390: 12387: 12385: 12382: 12380: 12377: 12376: 12374: 12372: 12368: 12362: 12359: 12357: 12354: 12352: 12349: 12347: 12344: 12343: 12341: 12339: 12335: 12329: 12326: 12324: 12321: 12319: 12316: 12314: 12311: 12307: 12304: 12303: 12302: 12299: 12298: 12296: 12294: 12290: 12284: 12281: 12279: 12276: 12274: 12271: 12269: 12266: 12264: 12261: 12257: 12254: 12253: 12252: 12249: 12247: 12244: 12242: 12239: 12238: 12236: 12234: 12230: 12224: 12221: 12219: 12216: 12214: 12211: 12209: 12206: 12204: 12201: 12199: 12196: 12194: 12191: 12189: 12186: 12185: 12183: 12181: 12176: 12170: 12167: 12165: 12162: 12160: 12157: 12155: 12152: 12150: 12147: 12145: 12142: 12140: 12137: 12135: 12132: 12131: 12129: 12127: 12123: 12117: 12114: 12112: 12109: 12107: 12104: 12102: 12099: 12097: 12094: 12092: 12089: 12087: 12084: 12082: 12079: 12078: 12076: 12074: 12070: 12060: 12057: 12053: 12050: 12048: 12045: 12044: 12043: 12040: 12038: 12035: 12034: 12032: 12028: 12020: 12017: 12016: 12015: 12012: 12010: 12007: 12005: 12002: 12000: 11997: 11995: 11992: 11990: 11987: 11985: 11982: 11980: 11977: 11975: 11972: 11970: 11967: 11966: 11964: 11962: 11958: 11950: 11947: 11946: 11945: 11942: 11940: 11937: 11935: 11932: 11931: 11929: 11927: 11923: 11917: 11914: 11912: 11909: 11907: 11904: 11902: 11899: 11897: 11894: 11892: 11889: 11887: 11884: 11882: 11879: 11877: 11874: 11872: 11869: 11867: 11864: 11862: 11859: 11857: 11854: 11853: 11851: 11849: 11845: 11839: 11836: 11834: 11831: 11830: 11828: 11826: 11822: 11816: 11813: 11811: 11808: 11806: 11803: 11801: 11798: 11794: 11791: 11789: 11786: 11785: 11783: 11781: 11778: 11776: 11773: 11771: 11768: 11766: 11763: 11761: 11758: 11756: 11753: 11752: 11750: 11748: 11744: 11736: 11733: 11731: 11728: 11727: 11726: 11723: 11721: 11718: 11716: 11713: 11709: 11706: 11705: 11704: 11701: 11699: 11696: 11694: 11691: 11690: 11688: 11686: 11682: 11676: 11673: 11671: 11668: 11666: 11663: 11661: 11658: 11656: 11653: 11651: 11648: 11646: 11643: 11641: 11638: 11636: 11633: 11629: 11626: 11625: 11624: 11621: 11619: 11616: 11614: 11611: 11609: 11606: 11605: 11603: 11601: 11597: 11594: 11592: 11591:Indo-European 11588: 11580: 11577: 11575: 11572: 11570: 11567: 11565: 11562: 11560: 11557: 11555: 11552: 11551: 11550: 11547: 11545: 11544:Orthographies 11542: 11540: 11537: 11536: 11533: 11529: 11525: 11518: 11513: 11511: 11506: 11504: 11499: 11498: 11495: 11483: 11475: 11472: 11468: 11466: 11462: 11459: 11458: 11455: 11448: 11447: 11445: 11441: 11435: 11432: 11428: 11425: 11423: 11420: 11417: 11414: 11411: 11409: 11406: 11405: 11403: 11401: 11398: 11396: 11393: 11391: 11388: 11386: 11383: 11382: 11380: 11376: 11370: 11367: 11365: 11362: 11360: 11357: 11355: 11354:Sini (script) 11352: 11350: 11347: 11345: 11344:Ruqʿah script 11342: 11340: 11337: 11335: 11332: 11330: 11327: 11325: 11322: 11320: 11317: 11315: 11312: 11310: 11307: 11305: 11302: 11300: 11297: 11295: 11292: 11290: 11289:Hijazi script 11287: 11285: 11282: 11280: 11277: 11276: 11274: 11272: 11267: 11263: 11257: 11254: 11252: 11249: 11247: 11246: 11242: 11240: 11237: 11235: 11232: 11230: 11227: 11222: 11218: 11215: 11213: 11210: 11208: 11205: 11204: 11203: 11200: 11199: 11197: 11193: 11187: 11184: 11182: 11179: 11178: 11176: 11172: 11158: 11155: 11153: 11150: 11148: 11145: 11143: 11140: 11138: 11137: 11133: 11131: 11128: 11126: 11123: 11121: 11118: 11116: 11115: 11111: 11110: 11108: 11106: 11101: 11097: 11088: 11085: 11082: 11079: 11078: 11077: 11074: 11069: 11068: 11067: 11064: 11062: 11059: 11054: 11051: 11050: 11049: 11046: 11042: 11039: 11038: 11037: 11034: 11032: 11029: 11027: 11024: 11023: 11021: 11019: 11015: 11009: 11006: 11005: 11003: 11001: 10997: 10991: 10990: 10986: 10982: 10979: 10976: 10973: 10970: 10969: 10968: 10967:Central Asian 10965: 10964: 10962: 10958: 10950: 10947: 10945: 10942: 10940: 10939:Taʽizzi-Adeni 10937: 10935: 10932: 10930: 10927: 10926: 10925: 10922: 10920: 10917: 10915: 10912: 10910: 10907: 10905: 10902: 10898: 10895: 10893: 10890: 10888: 10885: 10884: 10883: 10880: 10878: 10875: 10873: 10870: 10868: 10865: 10863: 10860: 10859: 10857: 10855: 10851: 10839: 10836: 10835: 10834: 10831: 10829: 10826: 10824: 10821: 10820: 10818: 10815: 10811: 10805: 10802: 10800: 10797: 10795: 10792: 10790: 10787: 10786: 10784: 10782: 10778: 10775: 10773: 10769: 10759: 10756: 10754: 10751: 10750: 10748: 10746: 10742: 10734: 10731: 10729: 10726: 10725: 10724: 10721: 10719: 10716: 10714: 10711: 10710: 10708: 10706: 10702: 10699: 10697: 10693: 10687: 10684: 10682: 10679: 10677: 10674: 10673: 10671: 10667: 10653: 10650: 10649: 10648: 10645: 10644: 10642: 10638: 10635: 10631: 10628: 10626: 10623: 10622: 10621: 10618: 10614: 10611: 10610: 10609: 10606: 10604: 10601: 10600: 10598: 10594: 10591: 10590: 10588: 10583: 10581: 10578: 10574: 10571: 10570: 10569: 10566: 10565: 10563: 10562: 10560: 10558: 10554: 10546: 10543: 10541: 10538: 10536: 10533: 10532: 10530: 10523: 10520: 10518:Traras-Msirda 10517: 10516: 10514: 10509: 10506: 10504: 10501: 10498: 10495: 10494: 10492: 10491: 10489: 10484: 10481: 10480: 10479: 10476: 10470: 10467: 10465: 10462: 10460: 10457: 10455: 10452: 10450: 10447: 10445: 10442: 10441: 10440: 10437: 10436: 10435: 10434: 10430: 10428: 10427: 10423: 10422: 10420: 10418: 10414: 10411: 10409: 10405: 10402: 10396: 10390: 10387: 10385: 10382: 10381: 10379: 10375: 10369: 10368: 10364: 10362: 10361: 10357: 10355: 10354: 10350: 10348: 10347: 10343: 10341: 10340: 10336: 10335: 10333: 10329: 10326: 10324: 10320: 10314: 10312: 10307: 10305: 10303: 10298: 10296: 10294: 10289: 10287: 10285: 10280: 10278: 10276: 10271: 10269: 10267: 10262: 10260: 10258: 10253: 10251: 10249: 10244: 10242: 10240: 10235: 10233: 10231: 10226: 10224: 10222: 10217: 10214: 10213: 10208: 10206: 10204: 10199: 10196: 10195: 10190: 10188: 10186: 10181: 10179: 10177: 10172: 10170: 10168: 10163: 10161: 10159: 10154: 10152: 10150: 10145: 10142: 10141: 10136: 10134: 10132: 10127: 10124: 10123: 10118: 10116: 10114: 10109: 10107: 10105: 10100: 10097: 10096: 10091: 10089: 10087: 10082: 10080: 10078: 10073: 10071: 10069: 10064: 10063: 10061: 10057: 10051: 10048: 10044: 10041: 10039: 10036: 10034: 10031: 10028: 10025: 10023: 10020: 10018: 10015: 10012: 10011: 10006: 10005: 10004: 10001: 9999: 9996: 9994: 9991: 9989: 9986: 9984: 9981: 9979: 9976: 9971: 9970: 9969: 9966: 9964: 9961: 9959: 9958:Arabic script 9956: 9954: 9951: 9950: 9948: 9946: 9942: 9936: 9933: 9931: 9928: 9926: 9923: 9919: 9916: 9915: 9914: 9911: 9909: 9906: 9905: 9903: 9899: 9894: 9887: 9882: 9880: 9875: 9873: 9868: 9867: 9864: 9854: 9849: 9843: 9842:Lisan al-Arab 9840: 9838: 9837:Kitab al-'Ayn 9835: 9833: 9830: 9828: 9825: 9823: 9820: 9818: 9815: 9813: 9810: 9809: 9807: 9805: 9801: 9797: 9790: 9785: 9783: 9778: 9776: 9771: 9770: 9767: 9761: 9753: 9749: 9747: 9746: 9742: 9740: 9738: 9734: 9732: 9729: 9727: 9724: 9722: 9719: 9717: 9716: 9712: 9710: 9709: 9705: 9704: 9692: 9688: 9685:. Taken from 9684: 9680: 9676: 9673: 9668: 9661: 9658:Shawqi Daif, 9655: 9640: 9636: 9630: 9628: 9612: 9608: 9602: 9594: 9587: 9585: 9583: 9581: 9579: 9577: 9568: 9564: 9560: 9554: 9550: 9549: 9541: 9533: 9529: 9525: 9521: 9517: 9513: 9509: 9502: 9500: 9491: 9487: 9483: 9479: 9475: 9471: 9467: 9460: 9458: 9449: 9445: 9441: 9437: 9433: 9429: 9425: 9421: 9417: 9410: 9408: 9406: 9390: 9386: 9380: 9371: 9362: 9353: 9344: 9335: 9326: 9317: 9308: 9299: 9297: 9295: 9285: 9283: 9275: 9269: 9262: 9256: 9249: 9243: 9235: 9228: 9220: 9214: 9210: 9203: 9195: 9189: 9185: 9178: 9171: 9169: 9163: 9162: 9157: 9151: 9135: 9129: 9121: 9115: 9108: 9102: 9095: 9089: 9082: 9078: 9072: 9066: 9065:9789004105959 9062: 9058: 9052: 9046: 9045:9789004232952 9042: 9038: 9032: 9026: 9025:9789004060562 9022: 9018: 9014: 9013:Bernard Lewis 9010: 9006: 9001: 8994: 8990: 8986: 8981: 8974:. 6 May 2014. 8973: 8967: 8960: 8956: 8951: 8944: 8938: 8932: 8931:9789004215375 8928: 8922: 8920: 8912: 8908: 8903: 8901: 8896: 8880: 8876: 8866: 8863: 8861: 8858: 8856: 8853: 8851: 8848: 8846: 8843: 8841: 8838: 8836: 8833: 8831: 8828: 8826: 8823: 8821: 8818: 8816: 8813: 8811: 8808: 8806: 8803: 8801: 8798: 8796: 8793: 8791: 8788: 8787: 8781: 8779: 8775: 8771: 8767: 8763: 8753: 8751: 8749: 8738: 8736: 8725: 8723: 8712: 8710: 8699: 8697: 8686: 8684: 8673: 8671: 8660: 8646: 8643: 8638: 8635: 8631: 8628: 8621: 8620: 8617: 8614: 8609: 8606: 8602: 8599: 8592: 8591: 8588: 8585: 8580: 8577: 8573: 8570: 8563: 8562: 8558: 8556: 8553: 8550: 8547: 8544: 8543: 8540: 8534: 8528: 8518: 8508: 8507:Al ash-Sheikh 8504: 8500: 8492: 8482: 8467: 8464: 8462: 8461:عِشْقًا لَهَا 8458: 8457: 8453: 8450: 8448: 8444: 8443: 8439: 8436: 8434: 8430: 8429: 8425: 8422: 8419: 8418: 8415: 8413: 8411: 8400: 8398: 8391:المفعول لأجله 8385: 8380: 8365: 8362: 8360: 8359:حُبًّا جَمًّا 8356: 8355: 8351: 8348: 8346: 8342: 8341: 8337: 8334: 8332: 8328: 8327: 8323: 8320: 8317: 8316: 8313: 8311: 8309: 8298: 8294: 8290: 8288: 8271: 8269: 8265: 8261: 8257: 8253: 8249: 8245: 8241: 8237: 8233: 8229: 8223: 8208: 8206: 8204: 8197: 8192: 8191: 8187: 8185: 8183: 8176: 8171: 8170: 8166: 8164: 8162: 8155: 8150: 8149: 8145: 8143: 8141: 8134: 8129: 8128: 8124: 8122: 8120: 8113: 8108: 8107: 8103: 8101: 8099: 8092: 8087: 8086: 8082: 8080: 8078: 8071: 8066: 8064: 8063: 8061: 8049: 8045: 8042: 8040: 8039: 8036: 8034: 8032: 8025: 8020: 8018: 8011: 8006: 8004: 7997: 7992: 7990: 7984: 7982: 7975: 7969: 7963: 7958: 7956: 7950: 7948: 7946: 7935: 7933: 7919: 7914: 7905: 7904: 7900: 7899: 7895: 7894: 7891: 7888: 7883: 7874: 7871: 7868: 7867: 7863: 7860: 7857: 7856: 7853: 7850: 7848: 7845: 7843: 7840: 7836: 7832: 7829: 7826: 7825: 7821: 7818: 7815: 7814: 7810: 7807: 7804: 7800: 7796: 7793: 7790: 7788: 7787: 7784: 7780: 7776: 7768: 7766: 7762: 7760: 7749: 7747: 7736: 7734: 7722: 7718: 7716: 7711: 7706: 7703: 7698: 7688: 7685: 7683: 7678: 7674: 7668: 7663: 7649: 7644: 7643: 7624: 7612: 7611: 7607: 7604: 7602: 7599:read.PAST-3M. 7597: 7593: 7587: 7582: 7568: 7567:l-mu‘allimūna 7563: 7562: 7547: 7535: 7534: 7531: 7526: 7525: 7517: 7514: 7512: 7507: 7503: 7497: 7492: 7491: 7472: 7467: 7455:the-teachers- 7453: 7441: 7440: 7436: 7433: 7431: 7426: 7422: 7416: 7411: 7410: 7391: 7386: 7374:the-teachers- 7372: 7360: 7359: 7356: 7351: 7350: 7349: 7347: 7342: 7340: 7336: 7332: 7328: 7324: 7320: 7316: 7301: 7299: 7297: 7286: 7282: 7278: 7276: 7269:خاتَمُ خَشَبٍ 7265: 7261: 7259: 7248: 7244: 7235: 7234:baytu‿r-rajul 7226: 7223: 7221: 7214:بَيْتُ رَجُلٍ 7211: 7207: 7201:كِيلُو مَوْزٍ 7198: 7194: 7188:دارُ السَلامِ 7185: 7181: 7175:بِنْتُ حَسَنٍ 7172: 7171: 7170: 7167: 7164: 7159: 7147: 7138: 7137: 7124: 7122: 7120: 7109: 7107: 7096: 7095:genitive case 7091: 7089: 7087: 7075: 7073: 7071: 7060: 7058: 7047: 7045: 7034: 7032: 7031:ḥurūf al-jarr 7021: 7011: 7009: 7007: 7000: 6995: 6994: 6990: 6988: 6986: 6979: 6974: 6973: 6969: 6967: 6965: 6958: 6953: 6952: 6948: 6946: 6944: 6937: 6932: 6931: 6927: 6925: 6923: 6916: 6911: 6910: 6906: 6904: 6902: 6895: 6890: 6889: 6885: 6883: 6881: 6874: 6869: 6868: 6864: 6862: 6860: 6853: 6848: 6847: 6843: 6841: 6839: 6832: 6827: 6826: 6822: 6820: 6818: 6811: 6806: 6805: 6801: 6799: 6797: 6790: 6785: 6784: 6781:under, below 6780: 6778: 6776: 6769: 6764: 6763: 6759: 6757: 6755: 6748: 6743: 6742: 6738: 6736: 6734: 6727: 6722: 6718: 6714: 6712: 6710: 6703: 6698: 6697: 6693: 6691: 6689: 6682: 6677: 6676: 6672: 6670: 6668: 6661: 6656: 6655: 6651: 6649: 6647: 6640: 6635: 6634: 6630: 6628: 6626: 6619: 6614: 6613: 6609: 6607: 6605: 6598: 6593: 6592: 6588: 6586: 6584: 6577: 6572: 6571: 6568:until, up to 6567: 6565: 6563: 6556: 6551: 6550: 6546: 6544: 6542: 6535: 6530: 6529: 6525: 6523: 6521: 6514: 6509: 6508: 6504: 6502: 6500: 6493: 6488: 6487: 6483: 6481: 6479: 6472: 6467: 6466: 6462: 6460: 6454: 6452: 6450: 6443: 6438: 6437: 6434:with, in, at 6433: 6431: 6429: 6422: 6417: 6415:prepositions 6411: 6407: 6404: 6402: 6401: 6390: 6388: 6383: 6381: 6371: 6367: 6363: 6358: 6356: 6352: 6348: 6334: 6329: 6319: 6313: 6311: 6300: 6298: 6287: 6284: 6282: 6271: 6269: 6258: 6255: 6253: 6242: 6240: 6229: 6226: 6224: 6213: 6211: 6200: 6197: 6195: 6184: 6182: 6171: 6168: 6166: 6155: 6153: 6142: 6139: 6137: 6126: 6124: 6113: 6110: 6108: 6097: 6095: 6084: 6081: 6079: 6068: 6066: 6055: 6053: 6042: 6039: 6037: 6026: 6024: 6013: 6012: 6011: 6009: 6007: 6001: 5999: 5993: 5991: 5980: 5968: 5959: 5957: 5951: 5947: 5942: 5940: 5934: 5930: 5925: 5923: 5917: 5913: 5908: 5906: 5900: 5896: 5891: 5889: 5883: 5882: 5881: 5873: 5871: 5859: 5857: 5851: 5833: 5831: 5826: 5817: 5815: 5810: 5809: 5808: 5802: 5800: 5790: 5787: 5785: 5775: 5772: 5770: 5760: 5757: 5755: 5745: 5742: 5740: 5730: 5727: 5725: 5715: 5712: 5710: 5700: 5698:"1,909 years" 5697: 5695: 5685: 5684: 5683: 5680: 5677: 5675: 5673: 5667: 5665: 5659: 5657: 5652:"3,000" with 5651: 5649: 5643: 5641: 5635: 5633: 5627: 5625: 5619: 5617: 5607: 5602: 5600: 5594: 5590: 5585: 5583: 5577: 5568: 5566: 5560: 5551: 5549: 5543: 5534: 5532: 5526: 5522: 5517: 5515: 5509: 5508: 5507: 5505: 5496: 5491: 5489: 5484: 5480: 5474: 5469: 5467: 5462: 5459: 5457: 5452:"20" through 5451: 5449: 5444: 5443: 5442: 5428: 5426: 5413: 5411: 5402:ثَلاثةَ عَشَر 5398: 5396: 5391: 5388: 5387: 5378: 5376: 5371: 5363: 5361: 5356: 5348: 5346: 5341: 5333: 5331: 5330:ithnā ‘ashara 5326: 5322:اِثْنَا عَشَر 5318: 5316: 5311: 5308: 5307: 5298: 5296: 5295:iḥdá ‘ashrata 5287:أَحَدَ عَشَرَ 5283: 5281: 5280:aḥada ‘ashara 5268: 5266: 5261: 5258: 5257: 5251: 5246: 5241: 5236: 5233: 5230: 5229: 5226: 5217: 5211: 5205: 5197: 5195: 5189: 5184: 5181: 5179: 5177: 5166: 5164: 5153: 5141: 5126: 5114: 5107: 5102: 5100: 5093: 5088: 5086: 5075: 5071: 5066: 5064: 5053: 5049: 5044: 5042: 5031: 5027: 5022: 5020: 5009: 5005: 5000: 4998: 4987: 4983: 4978: 4976: 4965: 4961: 4956: 4954: 4943: 4939: 4934: 4932: 4931:thalātha(tun) 4921: 4917: 4912: 4910: 4899: 4895: 4890: 4888: 4877: 4873: 4868: 4866: 4855: 4854: 4853: 4851: 4847: 4843: 4839: 4837: 4822: 4820: 4809: 4806: 4804: 4793: 4791:"2,912 years" 4790: 4788: 4777: 4775:"2,912 years" 4774: 4772: 4761: 4760: 4759: 4756: 4754: 4749: 4747: 4745: 4739: 4737: 4731: 4729: 4728:aḥada ‘ashara 4723: 4721: 4715: 4713: 4707: 4705: 4699: 4697: 4677: 4675: 4669: 4665: 4663: 4657: 4653: 4650: 4647:"this book", 4646: 4642: 4638: 4634: 4631: 4627: 4624: 4620: 4616: 4612: 4608: 4604: 4600: 4596: 4592: 4588: 4584: 4580: 4576: 4573: 4572:Hijazi Arabic 4569: 4567: 4561: 4557: 4550: 4546: 4545:agglutinative 4542: 4540: 4533:/ma-...-ʃ(i)/ 4531: 4527: 4525: 4519: 4517: 4511: 4507: 4504: 4502: 4496: 4494: 4488: 4486: 4480: 4478: 4472: 4470: 4464: 4460: 4458: 4452: 4450: 4444: 4443: 4442: 4434: 4432: 4430: 4418: 4416: 4414: 4413: 4401:is required: 4400: 4395: 4393: 4389: 4385: 4381: 4377: 4368: 4366: 4355: 4350: 4349: 4346: 4344: 4331: 4329: 4318: 4316: 4314: 4298: 4294: 4291: 4289: 4278: 4273: 4272: 4269: 4267: 4254: 4252: 4241: 4239: 4237: 4221: 4217: 4213: 4210: 4207: 4203: 4197: 4195: 4185: 4183: 4181: 4175: 4167: 4165: 4159: 4151: 4149: 4143: 4135: 4130: 4128: 4124: 4122: 4116: 4114: 4108: 4106: 4100: 4098: 4092: 4090: 4084: 4082: 4076: 4072: 4070: 4064: 4062: 4056: 4054: 4049:; similarly, 4048: 4046: 4040: 4038: 4032: 4030: 4019: 4017: 4006: 4001: 4000: 3997: 3995: 3982: 3980: 3967: 3965: 3954: 3949: 3948: 3945: 3943: 3932: 3930: 3928: 3917: 3915: 3913: 3902: 3897: 3893: 3890: 3888: 3877: 3872: 3871: 3868: 3866: 3858:ذَوِي، أُولِي 3853: 3851: 3838: 3836: 3825: 3820: 3819: 3816: 3814: 3806:ذَوُو، أُولُو 3803: 3801: 3799: 3788: 3786: 3784: 3776: 3771: 3766: 3762: 3758: 3755: 3752: 3748: 3742: 3739: 3737: 3735: 3724: 3708: 3706: 3700: 3698: 3692: 3690: 3683: 3676: 3674: 3663: 3658: 3657: 3654: 3652: 3641: 3639: 3637: 3621: 3617: 3614: 3612: 3601: 3596: 3595: 3592: 3590: 3577: 3575: 3564: 3562: 3560: 3552: 3546: 3536: 3532: 3528: 3525: 3522: 3518: 3508: 3506: 3495: 3490: 3489: 3486: 3484: 3473: 3471: 3469: 3453: 3449: 3446: 3444: 3433: 3428: 3427: 3424: 3422: 3409: 3407: 3396: 3394: 3392: 3384: 3374: 3370: 3366: 3363: 3360: 3356: 3350: 3348: 3344: 3342: 3331: 3321: 3319: 3315: 3311: 3298: 3296: 3290: 3286: 3284: 3273: 3271: 3261: 3258: 3256: 3245: 3243: 3237: 3235: 3225: 3222: 3220: 3209: 3207: 3196: 3194: 3183: 3181: 3170: 3168: 3158: 3157: 3156: 3153: 3151: 3149: 3137: 3135: 3124: 3122: 3120: 3109: 3107: 3105: 3094: 3092: 3090: 3079: 3077:"on", "about" 3076: 3075: 3072: 3070: 3059: 3057: 3055: 3044: 3042: 3040: 3029: 3027: 3025: 3014: 3011: 3010: 3007: 3005: 2994: 2992: 2990: 2979: 2977: 2975: 2964: 2962: 2960: 2949: 2946: 2945: 2942: 2940: 2929: 2927: 2925: 2914: 2912: 2910: 2899: 2897: 2895: 2884: 2881: 2880: 2877: 2875: 2864: 2862: 2860: 2849: 2847: 2845: 2834: 2832: 2830: 2819: 2816: 2815: 2812: 2810: 2799: 2797: 2795: 2784: 2782: 2780: 2769: 2767: 2765: 2754: 2751: 2750: 2747: 2745: 2734: 2732: 2730: 2719: 2717: 2715: 2704: 2702: 2700: 2689: 2686: 2685: 2682: 2680: 2669: 2667: 2665: 2654: 2652: 2650: 2639: 2637: 2635: 2624: 2622: 2618: 2617: 2613: 2610: 2608:With "... me" 2607: 2604: 2601: 2600: 2597: 2595: 2593: 2581: 2579: 2577: 2570:كَتَبْتُمُوهُ 2566: 2564: 2558: 2556: 2549: 2547: 2545: 2534: 2532: 2521: 2519: 2508: 2506: 2500: 2498: 2486: 2485: 2481: 2480: 2477: 2475: 2462: 2461: 2457: 2454: 2453: 2447: 2445: 2435: 2434: 2428: 2427: 2423: 2422: 2419: 2417: 2404: 2403: 2399: 2396: 2395: 2389: 2387: 2377: 2375: 2365: 2363: 2353: 2352: 2347: 2345: 2335: 2332: 2331: 2328: 2326: 2316: 2313: 2312: 2309: 2307: 2297: 2294: 2293: 2289: 2286: 2285: 2279: 2277: 2266: 2264: 2257: 2252: 2251: 2245: 2244: 2240: 2239: 2236: 2234: 2221: 2220: 2216: 2213: 2212: 2202: 2200: 2193: 2188: 2187: 2181: 2180: 2176: 2175: 2172: 2170: 2157: 2156: 2152: 2149: 2148: 2138: 2136: 2129: 2124: 2123: 2117: 2116: 2112: 2111: 2108: 2106: 2093: 2092: 2088: 2085: 2084: 2074: 2072: 2061: 2059: 2048: 2047: 2041: 2040: 2037: 2035: 2022: 2021: 2018: 2016: 2006: 2003: 2002: 1998: 1995: 1994: 1988: 1986: 1975: 1973: 1966: 1961: 1960: 1954: 1953: 1949: 1948: 1945: 1943: 1936:مُسْتَشْفَايَ 1931: 1929: 1916: 1915: 1911: 1908: 1905: 1904: 1894: 1892: 1885: 1880: 1878: 1871: 1866: 1865: 1859: 1858: 1854: 1853: 1850: 1848: 1837: 1835: 1823: 1821: 1808: 1807: 1803: 1800: 1797: 1796: 1789: 1783: 1774: 1772: 1765: 1760: 1759: 1753: 1752: 1748: 1747: 1744: 1742: 1730: 1728: 1715: 1714: 1710: 1707: 1704: 1703: 1697: 1695: 1688: 1683: 1681: 1674: 1669: 1668: 1667: 1666:). Examples: 1665: 1663: 1657: 1653: 1651: 1646:(presumably, 1645: 1643: 1637: 1635: 1629: 1627: 1620: 1618: 1612: 1610: 1604: 1602: 1596: 1594: 1587: 1585: 1583: 1577: 1573: 1570:occurs after 1569: 1567: 1561: 1559: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1543: 1534:Variant forms 1527: 1525: 1524:-hunna/-hinna 1517: 1512: 1510: 1506: 1501: 1499: 1494: 1489: 1488: 1485: 1483: 1475: 1470: 1468: 1466: 1458: 1451: 1449: 1441: 1436: 1431: 1427: 1424: 1422: 1414: 1409: 1407: 1405: 1397: 1392: 1387: 1386: 1383: 1381: 1373: 1368: 1366: 1364: 1356: 1349: 1347: 1339: 1334: 1329: 1325: 1322: 1320: 1312: 1305: 1303: 1296: 1290: 1288: 1281: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1265: 1262: 1258: 1255: 1252: 1250: 1248: 1237: 1233: 1225: 1223: 1208: 1206: 1200: 1198: 1187: 1185: 1174: 1172: 1161: 1159: 1148: 1145: 1144: 1143: 1137: 1134: 1130: 1129: 1128: 1126: 1124: 1113: 1103: 1096: 1094: 1083: 1081: 1070: 1068: 1057: 1055: 1044: 1042: 1034: 1029: 1027: 1025: 1017: 1012: 1007: 1006: 1003: 1001: 993: 988: 986: 984: 976: 969: 967: 959: 954: 949: 945: 942: 940: 932: 927: 925: 923: 915: 910: 905: 904: 901: 899: 891: 886: 884: 882: 874: 867: 865: 857: 852: 847: 843: 840: 838: 830: 823: 821: 813: 808: 804: 800: 797: 794: 790: 787: 785: 781: 777: 761: 758: 750: 740: 736: 730: 729: 724:This section 722: 718: 713: 712: 704: 702: 701:spoken Arabic 698: 694: 690: 686: 685: 683: 676: 672: 668: 666: 659: 654: 650: 644: 634: 632: 628: 624: 622: 606:. The symbol 602: 600: 594: 592: 580: 578: 556: 554: 532: 530: 508: 506: 500: 496: 492: 482: 480: 474: 472: 467: 465: 461: 456: 454: 450: 446: 443: 437: 427: 424: 414: 409: 399: 394: 383: 372: 362: 358: 354: 350: 342: 333: 331: 326: 323: 314: 312: 307: 304: 303: 301: 294: 290: 281: 279: 274: 271: 262: 260: 255: 252: 248: 239: 237: 232: 231: 230: 222: 220: 216: 212: 206: 204: 200: 196: 195:Arabic poetry 192: 188: 184: 180: 176: 172: 168: 164: 160: 155: 153: 149: 148:Ibn Abi Ishaq 145: 141: 137: 127: 125: 121: 117: 113: 109: 105: 101: 97: 93: 92:passive voice 89: 85: 81: 78:; changes in 77: 73: 68: 66: 62: 58: 54: 50: 46: 38: 34: 28: 23: 19: 12583:Massachusett 12537:Austronesian 12404:Sino-Tibetan 12240: 11670:West Frisian 11569:Prepositions 11548: 11460: 11400:Windows-1256 11359:Taliq script 11299:Jeli Thuluth 11279:Ajami script 11243: 11233: 11147:Pidgin madam 11134: 11112: 11076:Judeo-Yemeni 11018:Judeo-Arabic 11000:Sociological 10987: 10949:Judeo-Yemeni 10772:Mesopotamian 10647:Libyan koiné 10431: 10424: 10417:Pre-Hilalian 10365: 10358: 10351: 10344: 10339:Proto-Arabic 10337: 9972:Zabūr script 9925:Romanization 9852: 9832:Qatr al-Nada 9751: 9744: 9736: 9714: 9707: 9686: 9667: 9659: 9654: 9642:. Retrieved 9638: 9614:. Retrieved 9610: 9601: 9592: 9547: 9540: 9515: 9511: 9473: 9469: 9426:(1): 39–67. 9423: 9419: 9392:. Retrieved 9388: 9379: 9370: 9361: 9352: 9343: 9334: 9325: 9316: 9307: 9273: 9268: 9255: 9247: 9242: 9233: 9227: 9208: 9202: 9183: 9177: 9167: 9165: 9160: 9150: 9138:. Retrieved 9128: 9114: 9106: 9101: 9093: 9088: 9080: 9071: 9056: 9051: 9036: 9035:Arik Sadan, 9031: 9000: 8980: 8966: 8958: 8950: 8942: 8937: 8910: 8879: 8865:Semitic root 8845:Ibn Adjurrum 8769: 8759: 8752:'then, so'. 8745: 8732: 8719: 8706: 8693: 8680: 8667: 8656: 8478: 8460: 8446: 8432: 8407: 8394: 8376: 8358: 8344: 8330: 8305: 8284: 8277: 8267: 8259: 8255: 8231: 8225: 8200: 8179: 8158: 8137: 8116: 8095: 8074: 8057: 8056: 8028: 8014: 8000: 7986: 7978: 7952: 7951: 7942: 7929: 7922: 7917: 7911: 7886: 7885:In her book 7884: 7880: 7851: 7846: 7841: 7781: 7777: 7774: 7756: 7743: 7730: 7723: 7719: 7707: 7699: 7696: 7686: 7681: 7679: 7676: 7669: 7651:the-teacher- 7650: 7639: 7625: 7605: 7600: 7598: 7595: 7588: 7570:the-teacher- 7569: 7558: 7548: 7529: 7515: 7513:the-book-ACC 7510: 7508: 7505: 7498: 7487: 7473: 7454: 7434: 7432:the-book-ACC 7429: 7427: 7424: 7417: 7406: 7392: 7373: 7354: 7345: 7343: 7335:Austronesian 7318: 7312: 7293: 7280: 7272: 7263: 7255: 7246: 7242: 7240: 7217: 7193:dāru‿s-salām 7168: 7149: 7135: 7116: 7103: 7092: 7083: 7076: 7067: 7054: 7041: 7028: 7017: 7003: 6982: 6961: 6940: 6919: 6898: 6877: 6856: 6835: 6814: 6793: 6772: 6751: 6739:in front of 6730: 6706: 6685: 6664: 6643: 6622: 6610:from, about 6601: 6580: 6559: 6547:to, towards 6538: 6517: 6496: 6475: 6456: 6446: 6425: 6393:Prepositions 6384: 6380:ʿindahu bayt 6379: 6369: 6365: 6361: 6359: 6346: 6339: 6328:Arabic verbs 6317: 6307: 6294: 6278: 6265: 6249: 6236: 6220: 6207: 6191: 6178: 6162: 6149: 6133: 6120: 6104: 6091: 6075: 6062: 6049: 6033: 6020: 6003: 5995: 5987: 5977: 5953: 5936: 5935:one-quarter 5919: 5902: 5885: 5867: 5853: 5849: 5848: 5827: 5811: 5806: 5796: 5781: 5766: 5751: 5736: 5721: 5706: 5691: 5681: 5678: 5669: 5668:"300" since 5661: 5653: 5645: 5637: 5629: 5621: 5613: 5612: 5596: 5579: 5562: 5545: 5528: 5511: 5503: 5501: 5485: 5463: 5453: 5445: 5439: 5422: 5407: 5392: 5372: 5357: 5342: 5327: 5315:ithnā ‘ashar 5312: 5292: 5277: 5272:أَحَدَ عَشَر 5265:aḥada ‘ashar 5262: 5206: 5191: 5185: 5182: 5173: 5160: 5154: 5125:tā’ marbūṭah 5115: 5112: 5096: 5085:‘ashara(tun) 5082: 5060: 5038: 5016: 4994: 4972: 4950: 4928: 4906: 4884: 4862: 4841: 4833: 4826: 4816: 4800: 4784: 4768: 4757: 4750: 4741: 4733: 4725: 4717: 4709: 4701: 4693: 4691: 4671: 4667: 4659: 4655: 4651:"this girl". 4648: 4644: 4640: 4636: 4629: 4622: 4618: 4614: 4610: 4606: 4602: 4594: 4590: 4586: 4563: 4559:consonants.) 4539:mā ... shay’ 4536: 4521: 4513: 4498: 4490: 4482: 4474: 4466: 4454: 4446: 4440: 4426: 4419: 4411: 4407: 4396: 4391: 4387: 4373: 4362: 4358:اَللَّتَيْنِ 4340: 4325: 4310: 4285: 4281:اَللَّذَيْنِ 4263: 4248: 4233: 4191: 4177: 4173: 4161: 4157: 4152:), feminine 4145: 4141: 4131: 4118: 4110: 4102: 4094: 4086: 4078: 4066: 4058: 4050: 4042: 4034: 4026: 4024: 4013: 3991: 3976: 3961: 3939: 3924: 3909: 3884: 3862: 3847: 3832: 3810: 3795: 3780: 3740: 3731: 3702: 3694: 3686: 3684: 3681: 3670: 3648: 3633: 3608: 3586: 3571: 3556: 3502: 3480: 3465: 3440: 3418: 3403: 3388: 3338: 3327: 3317: 3313: 3309: 3307: 3292: 3288: 3280: 3267: 3252: 3239: 3231: 3216: 3203: 3190: 3177: 3164: 3154: 3145: 3142: 3131: 3116: 3101: 3086: 3066: 3051: 3036: 3021: 3001: 2986: 2971: 2956: 2936: 2921: 2906: 2891: 2871: 2856: 2841: 2826: 2806: 2791: 2776: 2761: 2741: 2726: 2711: 2696: 2676: 2661: 2646: 2631: 2589: 2587: 2573: 2560: 2552: 2550: 2541: 2528: 2515: 2502: 2494: 2492: 2471: 2441: 2413: 2383: 2371: 2359: 2341: 2322: 2303: 2273: 2260: 2253:From ‏ 2230: 2196: 2189:From ‏ 2166: 2132: 2128:مُصْطَفَوْنَ 2105:mu‘allimiyya 2102: 2099:مُعَلِّمِيَّ 2068: 2065:مُعَلِّمِينَ 2055: 2052:مُعَلِّمُونَ 2034:mu‘allimayya 2031: 2028:مُعَلِّمَيَّ 2012: 1989:(dual nouns) 1982: 1979:مُعَلِّمَينَ 1969: 1939: 1925: 1888: 1874: 1867:From ‏ 1844: 1831: 1817: 1768: 1761:From ‏ 1738: 1724: 1691: 1677: 1670:From ‏ 1659: 1655: 1647: 1639: 1631: 1623: 1614: 1606: 1598: 1590: 1588: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1563: 1555: 1551: 1547: 1539: 1537: 1521: 1509: 1495: 1479: 1474:ـهُمْ, ـهِمْ 1462: 1445: 1418: 1401: 1377: 1360: 1343: 1316: 1299: 1284: 1253: 1244: 1235: 1231: 1229: 1219: 1218:"sisters of 1205:akhawāt inna 1202: 1194: 1181: 1178:وَ)لٰكِنَّ)) 1168: 1162:"that ...", 1155: 1141: 1120: 1109: 1090: 1077: 1064: 1051: 1049: 1038: 1021: 997: 980: 963: 936: 919: 895: 878: 861: 834: 817: 773: 753: 744: 733:Please help 728:verification 725: 678: 662: 646: 625:) indicates 618: 596: 588: 574: 550: 526: 502: 498: 490: 489:), elidable 476: 475: 468: 457: 439: 408:fuṣḥá l-‘aṣr 346: 327: 317:اَلِاشْتِقاق 308: 296: 275: 256: 233: 228: 207: 199:Arab culture 156: 133: 110:and unusual 108:vowel shifts 69: 32: 31: 18: 12752:constructed 12736:Interlingue 12731:Interlingua 12603:Uto-Aztecan 12293:Niger–Congo 12233:Afroasiatic 11559:Determiners 11539:Phonologies 11294:Jawi script 11266:Calligraphy 11195:Linguistics 11120:Gulf Pidgin 11036:Judeo-Iraqi 10977:Kashkadarya 10833:Judeo-Iraqi 10758:Palestinian 10669:Nile Valley 10331:Pre-Islamic 10043:Dagger alif 8778:Shawqi Daif 8645:Ahl al-Bayt 8382: [ 8297:verbal noun 8264:moon letter 7838:VS example 7802:SV example 7713:subject in 7327:word orders 7220:baytu‿rajul 7180:bintu Ḥasan 6673:from; than 6107:thālithatun 6059:اَلثَّانِيُ 5918:two-thirds 5834:"102 books" 5606:أَرْبَعُونَ 4975:khamsa(tun) 4953:arba‘a(tun) 4645:il-kitāb da 4632:or similar. 4266:alladhīn(a) 3745:"Owner of" 3723:dagger alif 3274:"from" and 2576:katabtumūhu 2482:Accusative 2463:Nominative 2424:Accusative 2405:Nominative 2314:Accusative 2295:Nominative 2241:Accusative 2222:Nominative 2177:Accusative 2163:مُصْطَفَيَّ 2158:Nominative 2113:Accusative 2094:Nominative 2023:Accusative 2015:mu‘allimāya 2009:مُعَلِّمايَ 2004:Nominative 1985:mu‘allimayn 1965:مُعَلِّمانَ 1950:Accusative 1942:mustashfāya 1917:Nominative 1897:ـَا ـَى ـًى 1884:مُسْتَشْفًى 1855:Accusative 1809:Nominative 1749:Accusative 1716:Nominative 1582:-i, -ī, -ay 1465:-humā/-himā 1241:رَأَيْتَنِي 1188:"but ...", 1184:(wa)lākinna 774:In Arabic, 449:semi-vowels 442:consonantal 330:al-balāghah 311:al-ishtiqāq 219:Islamic law 140:diacritical 96:dual number 12509:East Asian 12470:Vietnamese 12256:Historical 12218:Mingrelian 11984:Hindustani 11961:Indo-Aryan 11911:Slovincian 11871:Macedonian 11856:Belarusian 11838:Lithuanian 11800:Portuguese 11730:colloquial 11554:Adjectives 11181:Literature 10854:Peninsular 10794:Khuzestani 10524:(Mountain) 10444:Australian 10353:Old Arabic 10003:Diacritics 9930:Numerology 9739:|year=2013 9394:8 February 9389:Ethnologue 9140:22 January 8891:References 8768:wrote his 8357:أُحِبُّكِ 8252:sun letter 7304:Word order 6310:‘āshiratun 6252:thāminatun 6165:khāmisatun 6078:thāniyatun 5901:one-third 5636:"200" and 5620:"100" and 5582:thalāthūna 5249:nominative 5239:nominative 5176:ithnayn(i) 5170:اِثْنَيْنِ 5063:tis‘a(tun) 5048:ثَمَانِيةٌ 5019:sab‘a(tun) 4997:sitta(tun) 4748:"twelve". 4712:thalāthat- 4700:"one" and 4662:anta, anti 4656:inta, inti 4649:il-bint di 4457:-nī/-ī/-ya 4321:اَللَّتانِ 4300:nominative 4288:alladhayni 4259:اَلَّذِينَ 4244:اَللَّذانِ 4223:nominative 4219:Masculine 4168:), plural 4073:, and the 3951:accusative 3899:nominative 3865:dhawī, ulī 3822:accusative 3813:dhawū, ulū 3768:nominative 3764:Masculine 3623:nominative 3538:nominative 3534:Masculine 3455:nominative 3376:nominative 3372:Masculine 2169:muṣṭafayya 2071:mu‘allimīn 2058:mu‘allimūn 1972:mu‘allimān 1891:mustashfan 1828:كَلِمَاتِي 1247:raʼayta-nī 1131:After the 627:gemination 595:assumes a 464:allophones 322:derivation 293:inflection 270:morphology 251:vocabulary 245:(language/ 80:word order 12726:Esperanto 12718:auxiliary 12616:Classical 12527:Mongolian 12417:Cantonese 12351:Malayalam 12338:Dravidian 12208:Kabardian 12116:Meänkieli 12091:Hungarian 11916:Ukrainian 11861:Bulgarian 11760:Dalmatian 11660:Ripuarian 11655:Old Norse 11650:Norwegian 11645:Icelandic 11608:Afrikaans 11471:varieties 11463:indicate 11378:Technical 11349:Shahmukhi 11304:Kairouani 11202:Phonology 10981:Khorasani 10971:Bakhtiari 10823:Anatolian 10753:Jordanian 10733:Damascene 10696:Levantine 10608:Hassaniya 10449:Cottenera 10384:Classical 10323:Varieties 9901:Overviews 9532:0024-3841 9482:0024-3892 9448:145573719 9440:1469-8021 8985:al-Aṣmaʿī 8855:Ibn Malik 8850:Ajārūmīya 8766:Ibn Maḍāʾ 8739:'as' and 8713:'to' and 8683:kitābu-hu 8677:كِتَابُهُ 8268:al-masjid 8010:وَلٰكِنَّ 7670:the-book- 7589:the-book- 7499:the-book- 7418:the-book- 7206:kīlū mawz 6526:like, as 6355:functions 6281:tāsi‘atun 6227:"seventh" 6223:sābi‘atun 6194:sādisatun 6136:rābi‘atun 6094:thālithun 6072:ثَانِيَةٌ 6006:fā‘ilatun 5929:ثُلُثَانِ 5922:thulthāni 5850:Fractions 5845:Fractions 5589:ثَلاتُونَ 5521:عِشْرُونَ 5242:Masculine 5237:Masculine 5163:ithnān(i) 5099:‘ashr(un) 4960:أَرْبَعةٌ 4909:ithnān(i) 4887:wāḥid(un) 4758:Example: 4720:‘asharat- 4609:, plural 4579:construct 4530:circumfix 4520:"to me", 4449:-hi, -him 4394:I saw"). 4365:allatayni 4336:اَللّاتِي 4296:Feminine 4251:alladhāni 4208:Singular 4121:alladhūna 3895:Feminine 3753:Singular 3619:Feminine 3523:Singular 3451:Feminine 3361:Singular 3171:"to" and 2487:Genitive 2458:Singular 2429:Genitive 2400:Singular 2333:Genitive 2290:Singular 2246:Genitive 2217:Singular 2182:Genitive 2135:muṣṭafawn 2118:Genitive 2042:Genitive 1955:Genitive 1922:دُنْيَايَ 1912:Singular 1909:Singular 1899:‎). 1860:Genitive 1814:كَلِمَتِي 1801:Singular 1754:Genitive 1708:Singular 1562:), while 1482:-hum/-him 1433:masculine 1331:masculine 1263:Singular 1086:أَنْتُنَّ 1060:أَنْتُمَا 951:masculine 931:أَنْتُنَّ 873:أَنْتُمَا 849:masculine 795:Singular 780:masculine 747:July 2024 430:Phonology 236:al-lughah 187:Al-Ru'asi 12775:Category 12690:artistic 12680:American 12642:Cherokee 12550:Hawaiian 12488:Has Hlai 12432:Kokborok 12427:Dzongkha 12389:Okinawan 12379:Japanese 12283:Ugaritic 12278:Tigrinya 12203:Georgian 12180:European 12106:Livonian 12081:Estonian 12037:Albanian 12014:Sanskrit 11989:Maithili 11979:Gujarati 11974:Bhojpuri 11891:Silesian 11815:Venetian 11805:Romanian 11784:Lombard 11735:literary 11600:Germanic 11574:Pronouns 11549:Grammars 11524:Grammars 11482:Category 11334:Nastaliq 11324:Muhaqqaq 11314:Maghrebi 11174:Academic 11114:Bimbashi 11070:Tunisene 11041:Baghdadi 10989:Shirvani 10929:Hadhrami 10887:Bahraini 10838:Baghdadi 10789:Baghdadi 10728:Aleppine 10718:Lebanese 10713:Cilician 10686:Sudanese 10676:Egyptian 10557:Hilalian 10515:Western 10493:Eastern 10490:Village 10469:Żurrieqi 10433:Sicilian 10426:Andalusi 10408:Maghrebi 10377:Literary 10029:(tanwin) 10027:Nunation 9913:Alphabet 9908:Language 9895:language 9675:Archived 9567:70764735 8991:. ©2013 8840:Sibawayh 8784:See also 8762:al-Jāḥiẓ 8664:أَرَاهَا 8559:example 8548:meaning 8426:English 8414:) case. 8324:English 8312:) case. 8228:particle 8199:‎ 8188:perhaps 8178:‎ 8157:‎ 8136:‎ 8115:‎ 8094:‎ 8073:‎ 8046:English 8027:‎ 8013:‎ 7999:‎ 7977:‎ 7968:’akhawāt 7965:‎ 7962:أَخَوَات 7285:compound 7002:‎ 6981:‎ 6960:‎ 6939:‎ 6918:‎ 6907:against 6897:‎ 6886:without 6876:‎ 6855:‎ 6834:‎ 6823:outside 6813:‎ 6792:‎ 6771:‎ 6750:‎ 6729:‎ 6705:‎ 6684:‎ 6663:‎ 6642:‎ 6621:‎ 6600:‎ 6579:‎ 6558:‎ 6537:‎ 6516:‎ 6505:to, for 6495:‎ 6474:‎ 6445:‎ 6424:‎ 6408:English 6375:عنده بيت 6297:‘āshirun 6256:"eighth" 6239:thāminun 6152:khāmisun 6140:"fourth" 6082:"second" 6065:al-thānī 5949:‎) 5943:(‏ 5932:‎) 5926:(‏ 5915:‎) 5909:(‏ 5905:thulthun 5898:‎) 5892:(‏ 5877:أَفْعَال 5632:mi’atāni 5609:‎) 5603:(‏ 5599:arba‘ūna 5592:‎) 5586:(‏ 5518:(‏ 5514:‘ishrūna 5448:‘ishrūna 5254:oblique 5252:Feminine 5247:Feminine 5234:Informal 5188:polarity 5157:اِثْنانِ 5109:‎) 5089:(‏ 5073:‎) 5067:(‏ 5051:‎) 5045:(‏ 5029:‎) 5023:(‏ 5007:‎) 5001:(‏ 4985:‎) 4979:(‏ 4963:‎) 4957:(‏ 4941:‎) 4935:(‏ 4919:‎) 4916:اِثْنانِ 4913:(‏ 4897:‎) 4891:(‏ 4875:‎) 4869:(‏ 4865:ṣifr(un) 4810:Spoken: 4794:Formal: 4778:Spoken: 4762:Formal: 4683:Numerals 4639:"this", 4328:allatāni 4306:اَلَّتِي 4229:اَلَّذِي 4172:‎ 4156:‎ 4140:‎ 4097:dhālikum 4003:genitive 3979:dhawātay 3972:ذَواتَيْ 3874:genitive 3666:تَيْنِكَ 3611:dhaynika 3604:ذَيْنِكَ 3582:أُولٰئكَ 3498:هاتَيْنِ 3443:hādhayni 3436:هٰذَيْنِ 3421:hā’ulā’i 3414:هٰؤُلاءِ 3345:), near- 3314:kitābuka 2932:عَلَيْهِ 2917:عَلَيْكَ 2440:‎ 2382:‎ 2370:‎ 2358:‎ 2259:‎ 2195:‎ 2131:‎ 1968:‎ 1887:‎ 1873:‎ 1834:kalimātī 1820:kalimatī 1791:‎. 1782:كَلِمَات 1767:‎ 1690:‎ 1676:‎ 1491:feminine 1440:ـهُ, ـهِ 1389:feminine 1280:ـِي, ـيَ 1112:enclitic 1009:feminine 907:feminine 890:أَنْتُمْ 784:feminine 707:Pronouns 671:declined 661:‎ 471:syllable 445:phonemes 357:literacy 341:rhetoric 336:البَلاغة 225:Division 211:exegesis 191:Sibawayh 183:Sibawayh 84:analytic 12698:Klingon 12652:Miskito 12611:Nahuatl 12565:Tagalog 12555:Ilocano 12545:Cebuano 12480:Kra–Dai 12447:Tibetan 12412:Burmese 12394:Hachijō 12371:Japonic 12346:Kannada 12323:Swahili 12154:Turkmen 12149:Turkish 12096:Ingrian 12086:Finnish 12059:Hittite 12047:Ancient 12009:Punjabi 11994:Marathi 11969:Bengali 11944:Persian 11934:Kurdish 11926:Iranian 11906:Slovene 11886:Russian 11833:Latvian 11810:Spanish 11793:Western 11788:Eastern 11775:Italian 11755:Catalan 11698:Cornish 11675:Yiddish 11665:Swedish 11635:Faroese 11623:English 11526:of the 11461:Italics 11369:Thuluth 11234:Grammar 11105:pidgins 11100:Creoles 11089:Sanʽani 10974:Bukhara 10934:Sanʽani 10897:Kuwaiti 10892:Emirati 10877:Dhofari 10862:Bahrani 10828:Cypriot 10816:(Qeltu) 10643:Sulaym 10630:Western 10625:Eastern 10503:Sfaxian 10499:(Sahel) 10454:Gozitan 10439:Maltese 10059:Letters 10033:Shaddah 10022:Harakat 10017:Tashkil 9945:Scripts 9918:History 9693:. 1997. 9490:4178858 8987:at the 8659:clitics 8545:Arabic 8503:Al Saud 8420:Arabic 8331:ضَحِكًا 8318:Arabic 8193:‏ 8182:la'alla 8175:لَعَلَّ 8172:‏ 8151:‏ 8140:lakinna 8130:‏ 8119:ka'anna 8112:كَأَنَّ 8109:‏ 8088:‏ 8083:indeed 8067:‏ 8031:ka-anna 8024:كَأَنَّ 7765:Elative 7667:l-kitāb 7623:qara’at 7586:l-kitāb 7496:l-kitāb 7471:qara’na 7415:l-kitāb 7044:baḥatha 7012:behind 6996:‏ 6975:‏ 6954:‏ 6933:‏ 6912:‏ 6891:‏ 6870:‏ 6865:inside 6859:dākhila 6849:‏ 6844:during 6838:khilāla 6828:‏ 6817:khārija 6807:‏ 6802:around 6786:‏ 6765:‏ 6744:‏ 6723:‏ 6699:‏ 6678:‏ 6657:‏ 6636:‏ 6631:in, at 6615:‏ 6594:‏ 6573:‏ 6552:‏ 6531:‏ 6510:‏ 6489:‏ 6468:‏ 6459:tallāhi 6439:‏ 6418:‏ 6314:"tenth" 6304:عاشِرةٌ 6285:"ninth" 6275:تاسِعةٌ 6268:tāsi‘un 6246:ثامِنةٌ 6217:سابِعةٌ 6210:sābi‘un 6204:سَابِعٌ 6198:"sixth" 6188:سادِسةٌ 6181:sādisun 6169:"fifth" 6159:خامِسةٌ 6130:رابِعةٌ 6123:rābi‘un 6111:"third" 6101:ثالِثةٌ 6040:"first" 6017:أَوَّلُ 5998:fā‘ilun 5456:tis‘ūna 5244:oblique 5103:‏ 5092:عَشَرةٌ 5070:تِسْعةٌ 5026:سَبْعةٌ 4982:خَمْسةٌ 4938:ثَلاثةٌ 4848:" and " 4704:ithnān- 4668:(n)iḥna 4615:kitāb-i 4236:alladhī 4214:Plural 4205:Gender 4127:Hudhayl 4105:alladhī 4077:suffix 4053:dhālika 3927:dhawātā 3778:‎ 3772:‏ 3759:Plural 3750:Gender 3697:ulā’ika 3673:taynika 3589:ulā’ika 3574:dhānika 3554:‎ 3542:‏ 3529:Plural 3520:Gender 3505:hātayni 3468:hādhihī 3406:hādhāni 3386:‎ 3380:‏ 3367:Plural 3358:Gender 3347:deictic 3318:kitābuk 3291:before 3223:"with". 3200:عَلَيْـ 2939:‘alayhi 2924:‘alayka 2909:‘alayya 2902:عَلَيَّ 2867:إلَيْهِ 2852:إلَيْكَ 2602:Meaning 2538:إنَّنِي 2518:inna-nī 2512:إنَّنِي 2455:Person 2397:Person 2287:Person 2233:qāḍiyya 2227:قاضِيَّ 2214:Person 2153:Plural 2150:Person 2089:Plural 2086:Person 1996:Person 1928:dunyāya 1906:Person 1870:دُنْيَا 1841:كَلِمِي 1804:Plural 1798:Person 1771:kalimah 1764:كَلِمةٌ 1735:كُتُبِي 1721:كِتابِي 1711:Plural 1705:Person 1638:before 1519:‎ 1513:‏ 1508:‎ 1502:‏ 1477:‎ 1471:‏ 1460:‎ 1454:‏ 1448:-hu/-hi 1443:‎ 1437:‏ 1416:‎ 1410:‏ 1399:‎ 1393:‏ 1375:‎ 1369:‏ 1358:‎ 1352:‏ 1341:‎ 1335:‏ 1314:‎ 1308:‏ 1292:‏ 1277:‏ 1269:Plural 1260:Person 1238:(e.g. ( 1171:li-anna 1165:لِأَنَّ 1080:antunna 1036:‎ 1030:‏ 1019:‎ 1013:‏ 995:‎ 989:‏ 978:‎ 972:‏ 961:‎ 955:‏ 939:antunna 934:‎ 928:‏ 917:‎ 911:‏ 893:‎ 887:‏ 876:‎ 870:‏ 859:‎ 853:‏ 832:‎ 826:‏ 815:‎ 809:‏ 801:Plural 792:Person 631:Tashkīl 621:shaddah 549:; or a 411:), and 284:النَحْو 278:an-naḥw 265:الصَرْف 259:aṣ-ṣarf 247:lexicon 213:of the 179:prosody 130:History 12760:Lojban 12750:Other 12708:Quenya 12657:Navajo 12632:Other 12593:Ojibwe 12588:Munsee 12522:Korean 12517:Evenki 12507:Other 12361:Telugu 12313:Herero 12273:Somali 12263:Kabyle 12251:Hebrew 12241:Arabic 12198:Basque 12193:Adyghe 12188:Abkhaz 12178:Other 12159:Uyghur 12139:Kyrgyz 12134:Kazakh 12126:Turkic 12111:Udmurt 12073:Uralic 11999:Nepali 11939:Pashto 11901:Slovak 11881:Polish 11848:Slavic 11825:Baltic 11765:French 11747:Italic 11693:Breton 11685:Celtic 11640:German 11613:Danish 11284:Diwani 11271:Script 11229:(case) 11226:ʾIʿrāb 11212:Tajwid 11157:Bongor 11136:Maridi 11086:Habban 10960:Others 10944:Tihami 10924:Yemeni 10919:Shihhi 10904:Hejazi 10872:Bedawi 10867:Bareqi 10723:Syrian 10681:Saʽidi 10613:Nemadi 10599:Maqil 10497:Sahili 10464:Żejtun 10400:spoken 10398:Modern 9893:Arabic 9644:28 May 9616:28 May 9565: 9555: 9530: 9512:Lingua 9488: 9480: 9446: 9438: 9215: 9190: 9063: 9043: 9023: 8929: 8911:Orient 8860:Alfiya 8670:arā-hā 8640:/ʔahl/ 8611:/ʔaːl/ 8521:/ʔaːl/ 8495:/ʔaːl/ 8481:Arabia 8410:manṣūb 8308:manṣūb 8260:an-Nīl 8258:, but 8256:al-Nīl 8244:person 8240:number 8236:gender 8154:لَيْتَ 8133:لكِنَّ 8043:Arabic 7890:verb. 7710:copula 7546:qara’a 7390:qara’u 7337:, and 7331:Celtic 7281:idafah 7264:idāfah 7247:idāfah 7243:idafah 7158:iḍāfah 7146:Iḍāfah 7136:iḍāfah 7127:Syntax 7038:بَحَثَ 7006:warā’a 6999:وَراءَ 6985:mithla 6978:مِثْلَ 6949:above 6936:فَوْقَ 6915:عِنْدَ 6852:داخِلَ 6831:خِلالَ 6810:خارِجَ 6789:حَوْلَ 6768:تَحْتَ 6747:بَيْنَ 6733:’amāma 6726:أَمامَ 6715:since 6694:since 6688:mundhu 6681:مُنْذُ 6555:حَتَّى 6405:Arabic 6368:, and 6291:عاشِرٌ 6262:تاسِعٌ 6233:ثامِنٌ 6175:سادِسٌ 6146:خامِسٌ 6117:رابِعٌ 6088:ثالِثٌ 6069:), f. 6052:thānin 6030:أُولَى 6023:awwalu 5946:رُبُعٌ 5939:rub‘un 5912:ثُلُثٌ 5895:نِصْفٌ 5888:niṣfun 5672:mi’at- 5640:alfāni 5616:mi’at- 5504:tanwīn 5479:مِائَة 5466:mi’at- 5231:Number 5142:, the 5106:عَشْرٌ 5004:سِتّةٌ 4894:واحِدٌ 4872:صِفْرٌ 4846:cipher 4696:wāḥid- 4666:, and 4611:bitū‘ 4603:bitā‘ 4589:(also 4380:German 4343:allātī 4313:allatī 4134:Hebrew 4075:clitic 3920:ذَواتا 3850:dhaway 3843:ذَوَيْ 3693:, and 3651:tānika 3644:تانِكَ 3629:تِلْكَ 3567:ذانِكَ 3545:ذٰلِكَ 3483:hātāni 3476:هاتانِ 3461:هٰذِهِ 3399:هٰذانِ 3246:, but 3206:‘alay- 3187:إلَيْـ 3127:عَنْهُ 3112:عَنْكَ 3097:عَنِّي 3062:مِنْهُ 3047:مِنْكَ 3032:مِنِّي 3012:"from" 3004:ma‘ahu 2997:مَعَهُ 2989:ma‘aka 2982:مَعَكَ 2947:"with" 2874:ilayhi 2859:ilayka 2844:ilayya 2837:إلَيَّ 2619:"to", 2544:innanī 2497:-ī/-ya 2344:abiyya 2338:أَبِيّ 2319:أَبايَ 2306:abiyya 2300:أَبِيّ 1847:kalimī 1741:kutubī 1727:kitābī 1687:كُتُبٌ 1673:كِتابٌ 1601:-ī/-ya 1421:-kunna 1413:ـكُنَّ 1355:ـكُمَا 1287:-ī/-ya 1054:antumā 914:أَنْتِ 881:antumā 856:أَنْتَ 829:نَحْنُ 697:number 693:gender 669:) are 658:اِسْمٌ 599:kasrah 584:سُكُون 553:ḍammah 536:كَسْرة 529:kasrah 512:فَتْحة 505:fatḥah 289:syntax 242:اللُغة 215:Qur'an 154:117). 144:Arabic 100:plural 37:Arabic 12703:Naʼvi 12662:Otomi 12647:Inuit 12623:Nawat 12575:Algic 12560:Malay 12465:Khmer 12356:Tamil 12318:Sotho 12306:Pular 12223:Ubykh 12169:Yakut 12164:Uzbek 12144:Tatar 12052:Koine 12042:Greek 12030:Other 12019:Vedic 11949:Tajik 11866:Czech 11780:Latin 11725:Welsh 11703:Irish 11618:Dutch 11579:Verbs 11564:Nouns 11443:Other 11364:Tawqi 11319:Mashq 11309:Kufic 11217:Imāla 11186:Names 11152:Turku 11080:Adeni 10914:Omani 10909:Najdi 10814:North 10804:South 10799:Shawi 10781:Gilit 10745:South 10705:North 10603:Fessi 10522:Jebli 10508:Jijel 10483:Tunis 10478:Urban 10459:Qormi 10068:ʾAlif 10038:Hamza 10010:i‘jām 9804:Books 9486:JSTOR 9444:S2CID 8871:Notes 8800:I‘rab 8653:Other 8404:منصوب 8386:] 8302:منصوب 8246:, or 8226:As a 8161:layta 8098:'anna 8091:أَنَّ 8077:'inna 8070:إِنَّ 7996:قَالَ 7974:أَنَّ 7955:’Inna 7926:إِنَّ 7918:’inna 7626:read. 7549:read. 7474:read. 7393:read. 7346:ʼinna 7339:Mayan 7319:ʼinna 7153:إضافة 7119:’anna 7113:أَنَّ 6991:like 6970:with 6943:fawqa 6922:‘inda 6901:ḍidda 6894:ضِدَّ 6873:دُونَ 6796:ḥawla 6775:taḥta 6754:bayna 6576:عَلَى 6562:ḥattá 6366:‘inda 6351:k-t-b 6322:Verbs 6301:, f. 6272:, f. 6243:, f. 6214:, f. 6185:, f. 6156:, f. 6127:, f. 6098:, f. 6046:ثَانٍ 6027:, f. 5884:half 5870:af‘āl 5863:فِعْل 5495:أَلْف 5222:عَشَر 5140:idafa 4674:naḥnu 4637:ha l- 4497:, or 4376:Latin 4211:Dual 4176:(cf. 4164:dhāt- 4160:(cf. 4144:(cf. 4089:dhāka 4029:hādhā 4016:dhāti 3964:dhāta 3957:ذَاتَ 3912:dhātu 3798:dhawā 3791:ذَوَا 3756:Dual 3636:tilka 3526:Dual 3391:hādhā 3383:هٰذَا 3364:Dual 3193:ilay- 3174:عَلَى 3134:‘anhu 3119:‘anka 3104:‘annī 3069:minhu 3054:minka 3039:minnī 2967:مَعِي 2887:عَلَى 2802:فِيهِ 2787:فِيكَ 2772:فِيَّ 2563:-tumū 2525:إِنِي 2474:-ayya 2468:ـَيَّ 2416:-iyya 2410:ـِيَّ 2325:abāya 2270:أَبُو 2199:qāḍin 2141:ـَوْن 1999:Dual 1877:dunyā 1788:كَلِم 1694:kutub 1680:kitāb 1372:ـكُمْ 1363:-kumā 1266:Dual 1191:إِنَّ 1152:أَنَّ 1099:هُنَّ 1093:hunna 1073:هُمَا 1041:hunna 1033:هُنَّ 975:هُمَا 898:antum 837:naḥnu 812:أَنَا 798:Dual 689:state 682:i‘rāb 615:شَدّة 577:sukūn 560:ضَمّة 499:hamza 491:hamza 460:vowel 300:i‘rāb 167:Quran 159:Basra 12672:sign 12498:Thai 12442:Mizo 12328:Zulu 12301:Fula 12101:Komi 12004:Odia 11715:Manx 11339:Rasm 11142:Nubi 11130:Juba 11103:and 11083:Beda 11055:Wqal 11052:Kjal 10882:Gulf 10230:Ġayn 10221:ʿAyn 9646:2021 9618:2021 9563:OCLC 9553:ISBN 9528:ISSN 9478:ISSN 9436:ISSN 9396:2022 9213:ISBN 9188:ISBN 9142:2022 9075:Sir 9061:ISBN 9041:ISBN 9021:ISBN 9015:and 8927:ISBN 8690:اَلـ 8582:/al/ 8571:the 8537:/al/ 8499:noun 8497:, a 8377:The 8146:but 8003:qāla 7989:inna 7981:anna 7932:inna 7628:PAST 7551:PAST 7476:PAST 7395:PAST 7321:and 7100:أَنْ 7051:عَنْ 6964:ma‘a 6957:مَعَ 6880:dūna 6709:mudh 6702:مُذْ 6646:ma‘a 6639:مَعَ 6583:‘alá 6541:’ilá 6534:إلَى 6413:True 6370:ma‘a 6347:fi‘l 5969:etc. 5856:fi‘l 5624:alf- 5488:alf- 5473:مِئة 5150:/at/ 4850:zero 4842:ṣifr 4630:illi 4601:has 4587:dyal 4566:īyā- 4524:lahu 4392:whom 4378:and 4192:The 4174:eleh 4069:-li- 4009:ذاتِ 3905:ذاتُ 3551:ذاكَ 3277:عَنْ 3264:مِنْ 3219:ma‘a 3213:مَعَ 3180:‘alá 3161:إلَى 3082:عَنْ 3017:مِنْ 2974:ma‘ī 2959:ma‘a 2952:مَعَ 2894:‘alá 2882:"on" 2822:إلَى 2817:"to" 2809:fīhi 2794:fīka 2779:fīya 2752:"in" 2744:bihi 2737:بِهِ 2729:bika 2722:بِكَ 2679:lahu 2672:لَهُ 2664:laka 2657:لَكَ 2555:-tum 2531:innī 2505:inna 2256:أَبٌ 2192:قاضٍ 2077:ـُون 1505:ـهَا 1429:3rd 1380:-kum 1327:2nd 1311:ـنَا 1295:ـنِي 1274:1st 1222:inna 1216:lit. 1197:inna 1158:anna 1110:The 1089:and 1067:humā 1063:and 1024:hiya 1016:هِيَ 992:هُمْ 983:humā 966:huwa 958:هُوَ 947:3rd 922:anti 864:anta 845:2nd 806:1st 782:and 695:and 675:case 651:and 525:; a 197:and 163:Kufa 161:and 59:and 12493:Lao 12213:Laz 11708:Old 11628:Old 11427:864 11422:720 11418:711 11415:710 11412:709 11408:708 11251:IPA 10311:Yāʾ 10302:Wāw 10293:Hāʾ 10284:Nūn 10275:Mīm 10266:Lām 10257:Kāf 10248:Qāf 10239:Fāʾ 10212:Ẓāʾ 10203:Ṭāʾ 10194:Ḍād 10185:Ṣād 10176:Šīn 10167:Sīn 10158:Zāy 10149:Rāʾ 10140:Ḏāl 10131:Dāl 10122:Ḫāʾ 10113:Ḥāʾ 10104:Ǧīm 10095:Ṯāʾ 10086:Tāʾ 10077:Bāʾ 9681:by 9520:doi 9428:doi 8748:fa- 8742:فَـ 8735:ka- 8729:كَـ 8722:bi- 8716:بِـ 8709:li- 8703:لِـ 8696:al- 8634:ahl 8624:أهل 8576:al- 8555:IPA 8533:al- 8232:al- 8222:al- 8196:لَا 7672:ACC 7661:NOM 7591:ACC 7580:NOM 7501:ACC 7465:NOM 7420:ACC 7384:NOM 7323:SVO 7315:VSO 7110:or 7106:’an 7064:فِي 7057:‘an 6667:min 6660:مِن 6618:فِي 6604:‘an 6597:عَن 6520:ka- 6499:li- 6492:لِـ 6478:la- 6471:لَـ 6449:ta- 6428:bi- 6364:-, 6343:فعل 6288:m. 6259:m. 6230:m. 6201:m. 6172:m. 6143:m. 6114:m. 6085:m. 6043:m. 6036:ūlá 6014:m. 5656:alf 5595:40 5578:30 5561:23 5544:22 5527:21 5510:20 5130:/a/ 5076:10 4617:or 4493:-hu 4477:-ki 4473:or 4469:-ik 4388:who 4184:). 4180:ulī 4170:אלה 4158:zot 4154:זאת 4148:dhī 4142:zeh 4113:dhī 4081:-ka 4061:dhā 4045:dhā 4037:hā- 3887:dhī 3880:ذِي 3835:dhā 3828:ذَا 3783:dhū 3775:ذُو 3283:‘an 3270:min 3255:bi- 3249:بِـ 3242:la- 3234:li- 3228:لِـ 3167:ilá 3089:‘an 3024:min 2829:ilá 2757:فِي 2707:بِي 2699:bi- 2692:بِـ 2642:لِي 2634:li- 2627:لِـ 2592:li- 2522:or 2444:-ay 2438:ـَي 2380:ـِي 2378:or 2374:-aw 2368:ـَو 2366:, 2356:ـُو 2276:abū 1662:-ay 1656:-an 1650:-aw 1642:-ya 1609:-ya 1593:-nī 1574:or 1566:-hi 1550:or 1542:-hu 1498:-hā 1404:-ki 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