406:"samara" (meaning "black") constituting the most typical insults. The EIPR attributes the violence and abuse to both a lack of government efforts at disseminating information, raising awareness and dispelling myths with regard to the economic contributions made by the newcomers, and stereotyping on the part of the Egyptian media. Black women are also targets of sexual harassment. As a remedy, the EIPR recommends that the Egyptian government "should intensify and accelerate efforts to combat racist xenophobic views towards migrant workers, especially those of Black African origin, and to promote awareness of their positive contribution to society. The government should train all personnel working in the field of criminal justice and law enforcement officials in the spirit of respect for human rights and non-discrimination on ethnic or racial grounds."
3114:
35:
3134:
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during the bombings of
Halabja in northern Iraq. "The Kurds, a non-Arab people whose language belongs to the Iranian group, have suffered from persecution under the Baath of Iraq and Syria, especially since the departure of British and French forces in the late 1940s." (Kurds are also claiming rights
619:
In
Algeria victims of racism include Sub-Saharan immigrants who suffer daily from verbal attacks and other forms of discrimination. Many Sub-Saharan immigrants find themselves on the street due to lack of public resources. The homeless immigrants often quote the Quran in an effort to appeal to the
263:
Contrary to many present-day stereotypes of early Islam, throughout much of the seventh and early eighth centuries, admission into the umma was reserved exclusively for Arabs. Religious conversion was predicated on ethnic conversion. For a non-Arab to become Muslim, that individual first
405:
According to the
Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights (EIPR), Black African immigrants to Egypt often face physical violence and verbal abuse at the hands of the general public and law enforcement officials. Refugees from Sudan are especially targeted, with racial slurs like "oonga boonga" and
620:
country's Muslim unity and divert attention from their race. On the world stage the country has declared that members of its national football team must undergo a stricter selection process if they possess dual citizenship to ensure their loyalty to the country.
264:
had to gain membership in an Arab tribe by becoming the mawlā (client) of an Arab sponsor. From a seventh-century
Islamic perspective, ethnicity and religion were not independent variables. All Muslims were Arabs, and ideally all Arabs were Muslims.
310:. In the decade and a half after the Ba'ath party came to power, up to 200,000 Feyli Kurds were expelled from Iraq. In claiming to be "defenders of Arabism", Halliday asserts the Ba'ath promoted a myth of Persian migrants and communities in the
397:
stopped playing football for some time due to racist slurs by rival
Egyptian fans during a game. A group was shouting out "Shikabala" while pointing a black dog wearing the number 10, which was Zamalek football shirt.
330:, in a statement made in testimony before the Congress of the United States, "It is fair to say that the Mauritanian government practices undeclared apartheid and severely discriminates on the basis of race."
1268:
608:, including the 2000 anti-African racist violence. They have reported facing racism in the country, with one witness reporting being called a "slave" and "animal." From the start of
510:
activists have also expressed that "Arabism is racism, pure and simple." There was Sheikh
Mustafa al-Maraghi, who in a famous 1938 essay dismissed the goal of Arab unity as racist.
528:
Minister of
Defense and Finance, envisioning a peaceful Iraq: "Arabism, racism and sectarianism – would be dethroned. Iraq would be at peace with itself and with its region."
1445:
Arab-Iranian relations By Khair el-Din Haseeb, K. Haseeb, Markaz Dirāsāt al-Waḥdah al-Arabīyah, Beirut, Lebanon, published by Centre for Arab Unity
Studies, 1998, p. 368
2040:, Gerry Rodgers, Charles G. Gore, José B. Figueiredo, International Institute for Labour Studies, United Nations Development Programme – Business & Economics, p. 181
565:
Some charge that "ultra-Arabism and
Jihadism have been responsible for widespread persecution and genocide." such Saddam's using chemical weapons and gas against the
1382:
Part 4 about "Jihadi
Movements Worldwide: Abstracts & Documents", p. 1111, from Library Information and Research Service Published by Northumberland Press, 2004
177:
The previously taboo topics of race and racism in the Arab world have been explored more since the rise of foreign, private, and independent media. In one example,
543:
to fight against all kinds of racism, this was followed by a paper by Shlomo Friedrich on "Pan-Arabism: A New Racist Menace?" who offered a sharp critique of
356:
has accused the Sudanese government of "deftly manipulat(ing) Arab solidarity" to carry out policies of apartheid and ethnic cleansing against non-Arabs in
2905:
353:
2153:
1211:
535:
Comite d' Action de Defense De- mocratique published a pamphlet titled Racism and Pan-Arabism, its introduction followed by an article by the well known
495:
conference regarding racism suggests: That stressing out that "Arabism is racism" would have been an interesting debating topic. Yet, he adds that "the
540:
323:
3057:
1107:
Alan Dershowitz, The Case Against Israel's Enemies: Exposing Jimmy Carter and Others Who Stand in the Way of Peace, John Wiley and Sons, 2009, p. 24.
2180:"Berber Leader Belkacem Lounes_ 'There Is No Worse Colonialism Than That of the Pan-Arabist Clan that Wants to Dominate Our People' - CIJR Databank"
402:, the Egyptian journalist, found a deep-seated anti-black racism in her country, mainly against Sudanese, Nubian or other darker-skinned people.
203:
expresses no racial prejudice, ethnocentric prejudice towards black people is widely evident among medieval Arabs, for a variety of reasons: their
1988:
441:
517:
Much ink has flowed on the issue of Arab nationalism. Some people believe it to be a racist movement, advocating the superiority of the Arabs.
433:
1646:
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1839:
1704:
247:. By the 14th century, a significant number of slaves came from either West or Central Africa; Lewis argues that this led to the likes of
2840:
1736:
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1321:
251:
historian Al-Abshibi (1388–1446) writing that "t is said that when the slave is sated, he fornicates, when he is hungry, he steals."
3027:
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2324:
570:
in Iran and Turkey.) The Berbers, the pre-Arab native peoples of North Africa, have been victimized by the Arabs in North Africa.
2763:
2361:
731:
population was enslaved with a correlation with skin color – darker-skinned Mauritanians were often enslaved by lighter-skinned.
194:
875:
El Hamel, Chouki (2002). "'Race', slavery and Islam in Maghribi Mediterranean thought: the question of the Haratin in Morocco".
3099:
1671:
974:
919:
859:
828:
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region, from 1955 to 2005, it is estimated that nearly 4 million black people were killed or ethnically cleansed. During the
1685:
1075:
Hilde F. Johnson, Waging Peace in Sudan: The Inside Story of the Negotiations That Ended, Trans Pacific Press, 2011, p. 38.
601:, about 2.5 million people were killed in attacks widely regarded as racially motivated against black indigenous Africans.
1347:
2512:
2259:
2013:
199:
Medieval Arab attitudes to Black people varied over time and individual attitude, but tended to be negative. Though the
3168:
1558:"JewishPost.com - Remarkable Speech by Simon Deng, Once a Sudanese Slave, Addressing the Durban Conference in New York"
1546:
1184:
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1579:
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1026:
1001:
77:
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has pointed to Sudan as an example of a government that deserves the appellation "apartheid", and former Canadian
2845:
99:
44:
3017:
2874:
2157:
1483:
1424:
1066:
Yambo Ouologuem: postcolonial writer, Islamic militant, Christopher Wise, Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1999, p. 4.
740:
712:
17:
1764:
1853:
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1918:
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1158:
780:
365:
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1932:
1133:
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1992:
3163:
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3037:
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775:
750:
598:
240:
1793:
2281:"Saudi Arabia: Asian immigrant forced to clean mosques for 'skipping prayers' - Adnkronos Religion"
2280:
1446:
801:: Issues 234-235; Issues 237-241, Middle East Research & Information Project, 2005, p. 54, p 32
623:
Some of the persecuted victims of racism and discrimination in the Arab world include: Sub-Saharan
216:
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3127:
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2792:
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2507:
2404:
2347:
1619:
966:
960:
851:
845:
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464:" empire, embracing not merely the ethnically Arab peninsula-homeland, but also the regions of
307:
204:
48:
1956:
1895:
1516:
1473:
1461:
1376:
3067:
2959:
2954:
2869:
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2637:
2632:
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1414:
745:
613:
609:
687:, as well as slaves who fight the stigma of their status as 'slaves' in impoverished Yemen,
3022:
2888:
2532:
2469:
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2424:
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2054:
770:
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against black Africans. Black Africans were reportedly targeted by rebel forces during the
59:
55:
8:
3042:
2797:
2676:
2429:
2302:
2091:"Press kit: Issues - Racism against Indigenous peoples - World Conference Against Racism"
1557:
457:
2179:
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faced insults of not looking "Egyptian enough" and "Nasser's black poodle". An Egyptian
3072:
3052:
2711:
2642:
2610:
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2567:
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1967:
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Autonomy, sovereignty, and self-determination: the accommodation of conflicting rights,
1624:
892:
813:
676:
423:
419:
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of Sudan complained that they were victims of an intensifying Arab apartheid campaign.
327:
2236:
1392:
Out of step: life-story of a politician : politics and religion in a world at war
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299:
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147:
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2572:
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1119:"Ex-minister speaks out against Sudan's al-Bashir" Montreal Gazette, march 6, 2009.
884:
760:
704:
547:'s book The Philosophy of the Revolution, and it terms it a mere pale imitation of
453:
427:
380:
343:
208:
2090:
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2419:
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1091:
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460:, both were "likewise evolving into the "racial" stage, the ideal being a great "
361:
339:
289:
224:
212:
151:
1816:, Volumes 30-31 By Sophia University. Institute of International Relations p. 31
3094:
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477:
349:
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163:
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135:
127:
888:
3152:
2910:
2557:
2522:
2434:
2394:
2017:
1716:
1247:"III. Racist attitudes and Racially-Motivated Identity Checks and Detentions"
1223:
956:
521:
399:
390:
295:
182:
1269:"At a Tense Border Crossing, a Systematic Effort To Keep Black Africans Out"
409:
3077:
2922:
1085:
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481:
368:
311:
285:
167:
3002:
2969:
2547:
2527:
668:
465:
386:
303:
171:
1953:
Minorities in the Middle East: a history of struggle and self-expression
1908:
Volume 14, Issues 5-8, published by Elsevier/Geo Abstracts 2002, p. 852
843:
723:
unfavorably). Although slavery was officially abolished in 1981, a 2012
573:
There are historic racial divisions, racial and religious prejudices in
2898:
2552:
2542:
2479:
1185:"Egypt arrests 14 for racism against top Zamalek footballer, Shikabala"
728:
644:
553:
503:
issue that could so easily have been turned on them with a vengeance."
469:
115:
91:
1545:
John Burns Q and A: Ending the War in Iraq – NYTimes.com Sep 29, 2009
1294:
936:"Medieval Sourcebook: Abû Ûthmân al-Jâhiz: From The Essays, c. 860 CE"
3062:
2997:
2502:
1403:
Africa events, Volume 7, published by Dar es Salaam Ltd., 1991, p. 21
680:
632:
394:
228:
200:
123:
103:
1737:"Video campaign tackles dual-national 'racism' in Algerian football"
612:
in 2011, blacks were massacred for their skin color according to an
3032:
2260:"World Service - World Have Your Say: South Asian workers in Saudi"
1647:"UN Watch Turns Tables on Libyan Chair, Exposes Durban 2 Hypocrisy"
461:
232:
155:
131:
107:
227:
ideas regarding divisions among humankind. On the other hand, the
2992:
692:
640:
500:
437:
268:
2370:
993:
Envisioning Islam: Syriac Christians and the Early Muslim World
672:
636:
548:
544:
536:
532:
507:
492:
357:
185:
led to the arrest and conviction of its Khartoum bureau chief.
95:
1840:"Opinion | Black in Algeria? Then You'd Better Be Muslim"
3007:
684:
664:
656:
652:
628:
605:
586:
566:
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473:
248:
143:
111:
1686:"Amnesty finds widespread use of torture by Libyan militias"
1517:
https://books.google.com/books?id=DTc2ACWFt18C&pg=PA109
1295:"UNHCR concerned as sub-Saharan Africans targeted in Libya"
1098:
in Sudan," 19 September 2006, Norwegian Council for Africa.
844:
Kevin Reilly; Stephen Kaufman; Angela Bodino (2002-09-30).
720:
708:
660:
648:
574:
525:
235:, himself having a Zanj grandfather, wrote a book entitled
220:
139:
118:) groups as well as Black, European, and Asian groups that
2079:
https://books.google.com/books?id=WdjvedBeMHYC&pg=PA32
2075:
Race and slavery in the Middle East: an historical enquiry
815:
Race and slavery in the Middle East: an historical enquiry
314:
region to be comparable to "Zionists" settling Palestine.
2339:
2329:
1705:"Opinion | Black in Algeria? Then You'd Better Be Muslim"
1620:"New Status in Africa Empowers an Ever-Eccentric Qaddafi"
1458:
The occupation of Iraq: winning the war, losing the peace
724:
716:
496:
410:
Maghreb (Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria, Libya and Mauritania)
1212:"'Black Panther' and the anti-black racism of Egyptians"
1505:
The Confrontation: Winning the War Against Future Jihad
1416:
Radical Islam: medieval theology and ... - Google Books
2154:"kalebeul » Berbers attack Moroccan state racism"
2112:"The Maghreb in Black and White - By Brian T. Edwards"
1991:. Orderofmaltacolombia.org. 1997-02-12. Archived from
1021:. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner. pp. 117–118.
707:(migrant workers and maids in the Gulf Arab nations),
647:– fighting off racist policies in these countries, in
2133:"Berbers: The Proud Raiders | BBC World Service"
1759:
Racism The Arab world's dirty secret, Mona Eltahawy,
499:
countries were very clever in how they deflected the
1933:"Kurdistan issues in press interviews: Dr Fuad Omar"
1776:"Egypt crackdown on African migrants hits Eritreans"
539:
sociologist, anthropologist & political leader:
239:, and explained why the Zanj were black in terms of
909:
577:, including on Kurds, on Shia and the Marsh Arabs.
1854:"IRAQ: Black Iraqis hoping for a Barack Obama win"
812:
3058:Racial bias in criminal news in the United States
2014:"A Struggle Against Intolerance Embattled Coptic"
1968:"القردة الزانية - الأقباط الأحرار The Free Copts"
513:Arab Muslim authors in "Arab-Iranian relations":
3150:
1794:"Egyptian troops execute another Darfur refugee"
1159:"Shikabala ends Egypt career over racist taunts"
912:African origins of the major "Western religions"
719:poll, 90% of the Middle East were found to view
691:historic struggle against the 'Arab supremacy,'
98:targets non-Arabs and the expat majority of the
2051:"Slaves in impoverished Yemen dream of freedom"
1394:by Jack Brian Bloom, Indiana University, p. 112
1127:
1125:
1060:
1035:
294:According to a statement by Fred Halliday, the
2200:Donald, James; Rattansi, Ali (21 April 1992).
2199:
2038:Social exclusion: rhetoric, reality, responses
2355:
2316:
2257:
810:
434:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
269:Accusations against specific Arab governments
2303:"Poll: 90% of ME views [ews unfavorably"
1122:
371:has also criticized Sudan in similar terms.
2053:. Alarabiya.net. 2010-07-21. Archived from
1672:"In Tripoli, African 'mercenaries' at risk"
1598:"Libya: Dreamland of "One Africa" Betrayed"
1375:by Lothrop Stoddard, 2009, History, p. 201
436:confirmed allegations of discrimination by
122:Muslim; non-Arab ethnic minorities such as
2362:
2348:
1475:The myth of the Jewish race - Google Books
1471:
1101:
58:. Please do not remove this message until
3028:Interminority racism in the United States
1507:, p. 109, by W. Phares, Macmillan, 2009.
78:Learn how and when to remove this message
1906:Geographical abstracts: Human geography,
1617:
1472:Patai, Raphael; Patai, Jennifer (1989).
1322:"Rebels settle scores in Libyan capital"
1319:
1266:
1209:
1134:"The Root: Race And Racism Divide Egypt"
1016:
874:
727:report suggested that 10% to 20% of the
54:Relevant discussion may be found on the
2300:
2237:"Asian maids in Gulf face maltreatment"
1241:
1239:
1069:
237:Superiority of the Blacks to the Whites
195:Medieval Arab attitudes to Black people
14:
3151:
3100:Sociology of race and ethnic relations
2322:
1577:
1131:
1078:
1041:
1019:Nation and Religion in the Middle East
804:
699:(Moroccos, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya ),
2343:
2239:. Middle East Online. 10 October 2004
1837:
1702:
1580:"African Disputes Pit Arab Vs. Black"
1413:Sivan, Emmanuel (26 September 1990).
1412:
1380:The Middle East, abstracts and index,
1132:Khalid, Sunni M. (February 7, 2011).
1110:
955:
3123:
1814:The Journal of international studies
1753:
1260:
1236:
990:Penn, Michael Philip (5 June 2015).
989:
914:. Black Classic Press. p. 231.
877:The Journal of North African Studies
837:
560:
215:ideas regarding slavery, which some
28:
2513:Discrimination based on nationality
1919:"Syria's Kurds Struggle for Rights"
1872:"Black Iraqis In Basra Face Racism"
965:. Oxford University Press. p.
962:Race and Slavery in the Middle East
819:. Oxford University Press. p.
580:
24:
2206:by James Donald, Ali Rattansi p 27
432:In March 2011, officials from the
25:
3180:
348:Beginning in 1991, elders of the
3132:
3122:
3113:
3112:
1618:Slackman, Michael (2009-03-22).
1600:. Theperspective.org. 2000-10-23
1320:Sengupta, Kim (27 August 2011).
938:. Medieval Sourcebook. July 1998
675:and with the empowerment of the
254:
243:in the "On the Zanj" chapter of
170:living in Arab countries of the
33:
3133:
2294:
2273:
2251:
2229:
2193:
2172:
2146:
2125:
2104:
2083:
2068:
2043:
2031:
2016:. Netanyahu.org. Archived from
2006:
1981:
1960:
1955:by Mordechai Nisan, pp 143–144
1946:
1925:
1911:
1899:
1885:
1864:
1846:
1831:
1819:
1807:
1786:
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1521:
1498:
1465:
1450:
1439:
1406:
1397:
1385:
1366:
1340:
1313:
1287:
1267:Saunders, Doug (1 March 2011).
1203:
1177:
1151:
100:Arab states of the Persian Gulf
3018:Go back to where you came from
2323:Sutter, John D. (March 2012).
1578:Brooke, James (June 5, 1988).
1010:
983:
949:
928:
903:
868:
792:
741:Antisemitism in the Arab world
713:Antisemitism in the Arab world
604:Racism has been documented in
452:Author draws parallel between
302:and with rhetoric tinged with
259:According to Dr. Michael Penn:
13:
1:
2301:Prusher, Ilene (2009-06-16).
1649:. Unwatch.org. Archived from
1210:Eltahawy, Mona (2021-10-28).
786:
317:
2258:Rabiya Parekh (2006-04-04).
2204:Race, Culture and Difference
2114:. Foreign Policy. 2005-01-05
1894:Hurst Hannum – 1996, p. 198
1838:Daoud, Kamel (May 2, 2016).
1828:, Volumes 23-24, 1993, p. 45
1094:"The slow, violent death of
910:Yosef Ben-Jochannan (1991).
781:Racism in Muslim communities
181:'s critical coverage of the
7:
2325:"Slavery's last stronghold"
2283:. Adnkronos.com. 2003-04-07
1703:Daoud, Kamel (2016-05-02).
734:
447:
60:conditions to do so are met
10:
3185:
2369:
1796:. israel today. 2008-08-06
651:where blacks face racism,
413:
378:
337:
283:
277:
192:
188:
3169:Racism in the Middle East
3108:
2985:
2818:
2586:
2488:
2377:
1044:"IRAQ vii. IRAN-IRAQ WAR"
889:10.1080/13629380208718472
776:Racism in the Middle East
751:Geography of antisemitism
599:Second Sudanese Civil War
385:Black Egyptian President
241:environmental determinism
102:coming from South Asian (
1842:– via NYTimes.com.
1301:. Geneva. 25 August 2011
850:. M.E. Sharpe. pp.
374:
333:
3048:Psychometrics of racism
2498:Anti-miscegenation laws
2077:by Bernard Lewis p. 32
1935:. Ekurd.net. 2008-06-20
1017:Halliday, Fred (2000).
847:Racism: A Global Reader
273:
3013:Ethnic plastic surgery
2508:Biological determinism
1373:The New World of Islam
811:Bernard Lewis (1992).
519:
308:anti-Iranian sentiment
266:
2933:In Jewish communities
2911:Hispanic & Latino
1515:, 978-0-230-61130-6
746:Antisemitism in Islam
614:Amnesty International
515:
261:
223:and the influence of
193:Further information:
3023:Herrenvolk democracy
2093:. Un.org. 1999-04-01
1763:, December 10, 2008
1535:. November 18, 1991.
1348:"Gadhafi Loyalists?"
1048:Encyclopædia Iranica
1042:M. GIELING, SASKIA.
771:Racism in Mauritania
667:, it worsened under
3043:Perpetual foreigner
1191:. November 30, 2020
1084:Vukoni Lupa Lasaga
458:Turkish nationalism
366:Minister of Justice
217:Muslim philosophers
211:; the influence of
205:extensive conquests
47:of this article is
3073:Racial integration
3053:Race and sexuality
2858:Japanese Americans
2578:Racial segregation
2568:Racial nationalism
2160:on 28 October 2006
1921:. 28 October 2009.
1709:The New York Times
1625:The New York Times
1584:The New York Times
1533:The New York Times
1273:The Globe and Mail
1090:2014-09-01 at the
799:Middle East report
677:Muslim Brotherhood
424:Slavery in Algeria
420:Slavery in Tunisia
416:Slavery in Morocco
354:Vukoni Lupa Lasaga
328:Human Rights Watch
296:Ba'athists in Iraq
3146:
3145:
2894:African Americans
2841:Chinese Americans
2538:Ethnic stereotype
1989:"A Test of Faith"
1858:Los Angeles Times
976:978-0-19-505326-5
921:978-0-933121-29-4
861:978-0-7656-1060-7
830:978-0-19-505326-5
756:Racism by country
635:, and oppressing
561:Racism – overview
298:were inspired by
219:directed towards
148:Coptic Christians
88:
87:
80:
16:(Redirected from
3176:
3164:Racism by region
3159:Racism in Africa
3136:
3135:
3126:
3125:
3116:
3115:
2970:Racial supremacy
2928:Jewish Americans
2906:Native Americans
2875:Zainichi Koreans
2863:Japanese Koreans
2846:Zainichi Chinese
2819:Racism by target
2596:Global apartheid
2588:Racism by region
2573:Racial profiling
2563:Racial hierarchy
2364:
2357:
2350:
2341:
2340:
2335:
2334:
2320:
2314:
2313:
2311:
2310:
2298:
2292:
2291:
2289:
2288:
2277:
2271:
2270:
2268:
2267:
2255:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2244:
2233:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2223:
2197:
2191:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2176:
2170:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2156:. Archived from
2150:
2144:
2143:
2141:
2140:
2129:
2123:
2122:
2120:
2119:
2108:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2098:
2087:
2081:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2062:
2047:
2041:
2035:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2025:
2010:
2004:
2003:
2001:
2000:
1985:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1975:
1964:
1958:
1950:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1940:
1929:
1923:
1922:
1915:
1909:
1903:
1897:
1889:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1879:
1868:
1862:
1861:
1850:
1844:
1843:
1835:
1829:
1823:
1817:
1811:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1801:
1790:
1784:
1783:
1772:
1766:
1757:
1751:
1750:
1748:
1747:
1733:
1727:
1726:
1724:
1723:
1700:
1694:
1693:
1682:
1676:
1675:
1668:
1662:
1661:
1659:
1658:
1643:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1633:
1615:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1605:
1594:
1588:
1587:
1575:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1554:
1548:
1543:
1537:
1536:
1525:
1519:
1502:
1496:
1495:
1493:
1492:
1469:
1463:
1454:
1448:
1443:
1437:
1436:
1434:
1433:
1410:
1404:
1401:
1395:
1389:
1383:
1370:
1364:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1354:. 31 August 2011
1344:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1317:
1311:
1310:
1308:
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1291:
1285:
1284:
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1280:
1264:
1258:
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1255:
1253:
1243:
1234:
1233:
1231:
1230:
1207:
1201:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1181:
1175:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1155:
1149:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1129:
1120:
1114:
1108:
1105:
1099:
1082:
1076:
1073:
1067:
1064:
1058:
1057:
1055:
1054:
1039:
1033:
1032:
1014:
1008:
1007:
987:
981:
980:
953:
947:
946:
944:
943:
932:
926:
925:
907:
901:
900:
872:
866:
865:
841:
835:
834:
818:
808:
802:
796:
761:Racism in Africa
705:Southeast Asians
610:Libyan Civil War
589:, including the
581:Affected victims
541:Jackes Soustelle
491:A writer on the
454:Arab nationalism
442:Libyan civil war
428:Slavery in Libya
381:Slavery in Egypt
344:Slavery in Sudan
324:Holly Burkhalter
136:Southeast Asians
83:
76:
72:
69:
63:
37:
36:
29:
21:
3184:
3183:
3179:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3174:
3173:
3149:
3148:
3147:
3142:
3104:
3083:Racism in sport
2981:
2975:White supremacy
2814:
2582:
2518:Ethnic conflict
2490:
2484:
2378:Types of racism
2373:
2368:
2338:
2321:
2317:
2308:
2306:
2299:
2295:
2286:
2284:
2279:
2278:
2274:
2265:
2263:
2256:
2252:
2242:
2240:
2235:
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2221:
2219:
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2198:
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2178:
2177:
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2152:
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2147:
2138:
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2131:
2130:
2126:
2117:
2115:
2110:
2109:
2105:
2096:
2094:
2089:
2088:
2084:
2073:
2069:
2060:
2058:
2049:
2048:
2044:
2036:
2032:
2023:
2021:
2012:
2011:
2007:
1998:
1996:
1987:
1986:
1982:
1973:
1971:
1970:. Freecopts.net
1966:
1965:
1961:
1951:
1947:
1938:
1936:
1931:
1930:
1926:
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1774:
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1754:
1745:
1743:
1741:Middle East Eye
1735:
1734:
1730:
1721:
1719:
1701:
1697:
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1683:
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1670:
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1544:
1540:
1527:
1526:
1522:
1503:
1499:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1470:
1466:
1456:Ali A. Allawi,
1455:
1451:
1444:
1440:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1411:
1407:
1402:
1398:
1390:
1386:
1371:
1367:
1357:
1355:
1346:
1345:
1341:
1331:
1329:
1326:The Independent
1318:
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1293:
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1288:
1278:
1276:
1265:
1261:
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1249:
1245:
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1237:
1228:
1226:
1216:Washington Post
1208:
1204:
1194:
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1182:
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1168:
1166:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1142:
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1130:
1123:
1115:
1111:
1106:
1102:
1092:Wayback Machine
1083:
1079:
1074:
1070:
1065:
1061:
1052:
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941:
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904:
873:
869:
862:
842:
838:
831:
809:
805:
797:
793:
789:
737:
631:, including on
583:
563:
531:In 1960's, the
450:
430:
412:
383:
377:
362:Alan Dershowitz
346:
340:Racism in Sudan
338:Main articles:
336:
320:
292:
290:Slavery in Iraq
282:
276:
271:
257:
225:Judeo-Christian
197:
191:
84:
73:
67:
64:
53:
38:
34:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3182:
3172:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3140:
3130:
3120:
3109:
3106:
3105:
3103:
3102:
3097:
3095:Reverse racism
3092:
3091:
3090:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3068:Racial figleaf
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2989:
2987:
2986:Related topics
2983:
2982:
2980:
2979:
2978:
2977:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2945:Middle Eastern
2942:
2937:
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2935:
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2920:
2919:
2918:
2908:
2903:
2902:
2901:
2896:
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2865:
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2737:United Kingdom
2734:
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2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2494:
2492:
2489:Manifestations
2486:
2485:
2483:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
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2315:
2293:
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2250:
2228:
2215:
2192:
2171:
2145:
2124:
2103:
2082:
2067:
2042:
2030:
2005:
1995:on 23 May 2012
1980:
1959:
1945:
1924:
1910:
1898:
1884:
1863:
1845:
1830:
1826:Africa insight
1818:
1806:
1785:
1767:
1761:New York Times
1752:
1728:
1695:
1677:
1663:
1638:
1628:. Libya;Africa
1610:
1589:
1570:
1549:
1538:
1529:"NEWS SUMMARY"
1520:
1497:
1484:
1464:
1449:
1438:
1425:
1405:
1396:
1384:
1365:
1339:
1312:
1286:
1259:
1235:
1202:
1176:
1165:. Dec 31, 2010
1150:
1121:
1109:
1100:
1077:
1068:
1059:
1034:
1027:
1009:
1002:
996:. p. 59.
982:
975:
957:Lewis, Bernard
948:
927:
920:
902:
867:
860:
836:
829:
803:
790:
788:
785:
784:
783:
778:
773:
768:
766:Racism in Asia
763:
758:
753:
748:
743:
736:
733:
591:Nuba Mountains
582:
579:
562:
559:
449:
446:
411:
408:
393:soccer player
376:
373:
350:Zaghawa people
335:
332:
319:
316:
300:Sati' al-Husri
280:Racism in Iraq
278:Main article:
275:
272:
270:
267:
256:
253:
190:
187:
164:Turkic peoples
86:
85:
41:
39:
32:
18:Arab supremacy
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3181:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3156:
3154:
3139:
3131:
3129:
3121:
3119:
3111:
3110:
3107:
3101:
3098:
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3093:
3089:
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3085:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
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3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2990:
2988:
2984:
2976:
2973:
2972:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2965:Wine industry
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2934:
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2909:
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2880:
2876:
2873:
2872:
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2868:
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2854:
2851:
2847:
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2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2823:
2821:
2817:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2795:
2794:
2793:South America
2791:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2781:United States
2779:
2777:
2774:
2773:
2772:
2771:North America
2769:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2746:
2745:
2742:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
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2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
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2690:
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2684:
2683:
2680:
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2675:
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2658:
2657:
2656:
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2649:
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2599:
2597:
2594:
2593:
2591:
2589:
2585:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2558:Racialization
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2523:Ethnic hatred
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2495:
2493:
2487:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2440:Laissez-faire
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2425:Institutional
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2410:Environmental
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2382:
2380:
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2372:
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2326:
2319:
2304:
2297:
2282:
2276:
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2254:
2238:
2232:
2218:
2216:9780803985803
2212:
2208:
2207:
2203:
2196:
2181:
2175:
2159:
2155:
2149:
2134:
2128:
2113:
2107:
2092:
2086:
2080:
2076:
2071:
2057:on 2012-01-12
2056:
2052:
2046:
2039:
2034:
2020:on 2001-01-28
2019:
2015:
2009:
1994:
1990:
1984:
1969:
1963:
1957:
1954:
1949:
1934:
1928:
1920:
1914:
1907:
1902:
1896:
1893:
1888:
1873:
1867:
1860:. 2008-08-14.
1859:
1855:
1849:
1841:
1834:
1827:
1822:
1815:
1810:
1795:
1789:
1781:
1780:Sudan Tribune
1777:
1771:
1765:
1762:
1756:
1742:
1738:
1732:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1699:
1691:
1687:
1681:
1673:
1667:
1653:on 2011-11-22
1652:
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1574:
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1513:0-230-61130-3
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1190:
1186:
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1128:
1126:
1118:
1116:Hubert Bauch
1113:
1104:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1086:
1081:
1072:
1063:
1049:
1045:
1038:
1030:
1028:1-55587-910-1
1024:
1020:
1013:
1005:
1003:9780812291445
999:
995:
994:
986:
978:
972:
968:
964:
963:
958:
952:
937:
931:
923:
917:
913:
906:
898:
894:
890:
886:
883:(3): 29–52 .
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871:
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853:
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840:
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568:
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555:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
529:
527:
524:, the former
523:
522:Ali A. Allawi
518:
514:
511:
509:
504:
502:
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494:
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487:
483:
479:
475:
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467:
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2548:Hate speech
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2450:Neocolonial
2305:. Jpost.com
2135:. Bbc.co.uk
1358:14 February
1332:14 February
1305:14 February
1195:December 1,
729:Mauritanian
669:pan-Arabism
466:Mesopotamia
387:Anwar Sadat
304:pan-Arabism
209:slave trade
172:Middle East
3153:Categories
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2655:Arab world
2553:Hate group
2543:Hate crime
2480:Xenophobia
2460:Scientific
2445:Linguistic
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470:The Levant
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245:The Essays
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