237:
249:
166:
22:
364:, threatened the expansion of normalization agreements with Arab nations, and particularly Saudi Arabia. Speaking alongside Blinken earlier in June, the Saudi foreign minister had stated that "without finding a pathway to peace for the Palestinian people ... any normalization will have limited benefits". In August 2023, Israeli Foreign Minister
392:
had a significant impact on diplomatic efforts. On 14 October 2023, Saudi Arabia suspended talks on the possible normalization of relations with Israel. While Qatar and the UAE desire to maintain relations with Israel, the governments also faced widespread protests against Israel on the ongoing war.
408:
and the "collective punishment" of
Palestinians in Gaza. On 1 November 2023, Jordan recalled its ambassador to Israel, accusing the country of creating an “unprecedented humanitarian catastrophe” and “killing innocent people in Gaza”. Jordan also declared that Israel's ambassador, who had departed
324:, met in Uganda, where they both agreed to normalize the ties between the two countries. Later that month, Israeli planes were allowed to fly over Sudan. This was followed by the Abraham Accords, signed by Israel and the United Arab Emirates in August 2020, which
788:
576:
539:
268:
The Arab–Israeli alliance against Iran emerged by
November 2017, upon warming ties between Israel and the Gulf States and received broad media attention in light of the
681:
1263:
506:"Relations between Israel, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Saudi Arabia continue in the shadows, with reports of senior Israeli officials regularly visiting
557:
1522:
1312:
830:
1502:
1441:
1012:
137:
1673:
727:
663:
236:
1226:
1220:
1208:
1198:
1180:
1174:
1170:
405:
1057:
1051:
1045:
1032:
1022:
1016:
1006:
1002:
996:
970:
753:
141:
133:
129:
118:
701:
248:
1575:
1192:
344:. On 31 May 2022, Israel and the United Arab Emirates signed a free trade agreement, the first of its kind between Israel and an Arab state.
1286:
771:
380:, to discuss normalizing relations between the two countries. The news triggered mass protests in Libya, leading to Mangoush's dismissal.
953:
947:
1278:
1268:
341:
337:
82:
325:
1273:
823:
333:
78:
800:
1678:
227:
1492:
205:
58:
645:
289:
1643:
1507:
840:
816:
427:
26:
1617:
1497:
941:
865:
646:"Blinken says US told Israel that violence with Palestinians could jeopardize possible normalization with Saudi Arabia"
503:
1683:
1532:
365:
261:
257:
479:
357:
38:
520:
1319:
1188:
507:
329:
269:
165:
1512:
1184:
1114:
1108:
986:
285:
216:
107:
62:
33:
Since the 1970s, there has been a parallel effort made to find terms upon which peace can be agreed to in the
1036:
893:
808:
801:
Over 10,000 Palestinians killed in Gaza, Hamas-run health ministry says; UN calls Gaza a children’s graveyard
510:. Israeli cabinet ministers have openly visited the UAE and Oman, with more set to take place in the future."
156:
50:
190:
1456:
980:
103:
1405:
1360:
1345:
1126:
1104:
1040:
422:
624:"UAE minister ThaniAlZeyoudi signs with Israeli minister OrnaBarbivay Israel-UAE free trade agreement"
1092:
976:
923:
871:
99:
34:
1466:
1461:
887:
883:
577:"With Trump's help, Israel and the United Arab Emirates reach historic deal to normalize relations"
293:
601:
1638:
1612:
1451:
1154:
929:
85:(2020). Moreover, numerous Arab League members established semi-official relations with Israel.
1136:
1132:
623:
321:
253:
221:
1232:
905:
1587:
1527:
1517:
1487:
1214:
1120:
432:
401:
389:
297:
70:
8:
992:
917:
899:
877:
272:. The coordination is taking place in light of the mutual regional security interests of
1446:
1202:
1158:
1026:
394:
361:
305:
152:
452:
1375:
1342:
1164:
1069:
859:
373:
1564:
1555:
1436:
1350:
1252:
1075:
728:"Normalisation of ties with Israel contingent on Palestinian issue: Saudi minister"
194:
54:
320:
In
February 2020, Netanyahu and the chairman of the Sovereignty Council of Sudan,
1581:
1415:
1258:
911:
682:"Saudi Arabia pauses normalisation talks with Israel amid ongoing war with Hamas"
241:
231:
123:
66:
29:
in purple, countries that once recognised but have withdrawn recognition in pink
1654:
1410:
1390:
1370:
1305:
377:
353:
160:
838:
292:. The Arab states participating in the coordination group are the core of the
1667:
1400:
1395:
1365:
309:
177:
540:"Netanyahu, Sudanese Leader Meet in Uganda, Agree to Start Normalizing Ties"
88:
1604:
1380:
1098:
284:, and their standoff against Iranian interests across the Middle East: the
281:
222:
Israeli normalization with Gulf and North Africa Arab states (2017–present)
173:
1633:
1420:
1385:
1148:
277:
169:
42:
21:
935:
1063:
686:
1355:
772:"Jordan recalls ambassador to Israel to protest Gaza 'catastrophe'"
754:"Egypt's Sisi, Jordan king condemn 'collective punishment' in Gaza"
457:
180:
after the signature of the Egypt–Israel peace treaty in
Washington
1142:
74:
184:
664:"Libya's Foreign Minister Najla al-Mangoush dismissed: Sources"
273:
46:
702:"Arab nations scramble to keep back channels open with Israel"
602:"Israel and United Arab Emirates strike historic peace accord"
124:
1973–1974 United
Nations resolutions and cease fire agreements
1328:
558:"Netanyahu says Israeli planes have started overflying Sudan"
410:
369:
368:
revealed that he had attended a secret meeting in Rome with
146:
45:
countries have signed peace and normalization treaties with
720:
694:
301:
93:
789:
Jordan open to 'all options' as Gaza conflict intensifies
89:
Cease fire attempts and indirect negotiations (1949–1974)
1297:
328:. Concurrently, Israel agreed to suspend plans for the
210:
199:
397:said that normalisation talks remain on the table.
138:
112:
1665:
1548:
332:. This normalization agreement was followed by
472:
326:normalized relations between the two countries
142:United Nations Security Council Resolution 350
134:United Nations Security Council Resolution 339
130:United Nations Security Council Resolution 338
119:United Nations Security Council Resolution 242
1313:
824:
185:Israeli–Lebanese normalization attempt (1983)
53:(1979). Despite the failure to implement the
480:"Saudi Arabia and Israel anti-Iran alliance"
453:"What's shaping the Israel-Saudi 'alliance'"
413:' attack, would not be permitted to return.
16:Peace efforts between Arab states and Israel
334:official confirmation of the one with Sudan
1320:
1306:
1287:Israeli–Lebanese maritime border agreement
831:
817:
997:UN Security Council (UNSC) Resolution 242
971:UN General Assembly (UNGA) Resolution 194
393:On 8 November, Saudi Investment Minister
147:Egyptian–Israeli peace treaty (1978–1979)
57:(1983), more treaties continued with the
521:"Netanyahu makes historic visit to Oman"
247:
235:
164:
20:
574:
94:1949 cease fire and Lausanne conference
1666:
1279:Israel–Morocco normalization agreement
1269:Bahrain–Israel normalization agreement
568:
537:
450:
376:organized by Italian Foreign Minister
308:led a delegation to Oman and met with
83:Israel–Morocco normalization agreement
1674:Politics of the Arab–Israeli conflict
1301:
812:
791:reuters.com Retrieved 8 November 2023
504:The solidifying Arab-Israeli Alliance
451:Marcus, Jonathan (24 November 2017).
244:signing ceremony on 15 September 2020
69:normalizing relations between Israel–
1274:Israel–Sudan normalization agreement
1013:Israel–Syria disengagement agreement
352:In June 2023, US secretary of state
79:Israel–Sudan normalization agreement
1644:List of Nobel Peace Prize laureates
1576:Conventional Forces in Europe (CFE)
525:The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com
428:List of Middle East peace proposals
404:, King Abdullah condemned Israel's
383:
13:
1264:Israel–UAE normalization agreement
1155:Beirut Summit and peace initiative
803:cnbc.com Retrieved 8 November 2023
497:
312:and other senior Omani officials.
304:. In 2018, Israeli prime minister
228:Arab–Israeli alliance against Iran
14:
1695:
1533:List of periods of regional peace
575:Holland, Steve (13 August 2020).
211:Israel–Jordan peace treaty (1994)
206:Israeli–Palestinian peace process
200:Israeli–Palestinian peace process
59:Israeli–Palestinian peace process
1193:Agreement on Movement and Access
290:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict
1227:Israeli–Palestinian peace talks
1221:Israeli–Palestinian peace talks
1189:Israeli disengagement from Gaza
794:
782:
764:
746:
674:
656:
638:
538:Landau, Noa (3 February 2020).
330:annexation of the Jordan Valley
270:February 2019 Warsaw Conference
866:McMahon–Hussein Correspondence
616:
594:
550:
531:
513:
444:
360:, including through advancing
358:tensions with the Palestinians
296:. Those include Saudi Arabia,
113:1967 United Nations resolution
108:Tripartite Declaration of 1950
55:Israeli–Lebanese peace accords
1:
954:American trusteeship proposal
438:
400:In October 2023, during the
39:Israeli–Palestinian conflict
7:
1457:Environmental peacebuilding
416:
104:Lausanne Conference of 1949
41:. Over the years, numerous
10:
1702:
1679:Arab–Israeli peace process
1565:Vienna + Moscow Mechanisms
1406:Religion and peacebuilding
1361:Peace and conflict studies
1127:Sharm El Sheikh Memorandum
1115:Beilin–Abu Mazen agreement
1109:Israel–Jordan peace treaty
1041:Palestinian autonomy talks
406:blockade of the Gaza Strip
356:warned Israel that rising
286:Iran–Israel proxy conflict
225:
217:Israel–Jordan peace treaty
214:
203:
188:
150:
127:
116:
97:
63:Israel–Jordan peace treaty
37:and also specifically the
1652:
1626:
1603:
1541:
1475:
1429:
1335:
1327:
1241:
1084:
1037:Egypt–Israel peace treaty
962:
894:Faisal–Weizmann agreement
851:
336:, as well as others with
157:Egypt–Israel peace treaty
100:1949 Armistice Agreements
51:Egypt–Israel peace treaty
1467:Territorial peace theory
1462:Infrastructure for Peace
1076:Israel–Lebanon agreement
888:Anglo-French Declaration
884:Declaration to the Seven
294:Gulf Cooperation Council
258:Minister of Intelligence
191:Israel–Lebanon relations
1639:List of peace activists
1452:Democratic peace theory
1442:Complex system approach
347:
315:
1476:Regional peacebuilding
1185:Sharm El Sheikh Summit
1105:Gaza–Jericho Agreement
987:Tripartite Declaration
423:Arab–Israeli relations
322:Abdel Fattah al-Burhan
265:
254:Abdel Fattah al-Burhan
245:
181:
30:
25:Countries that do not
1233:John Kerry Parameters
906:Churchill White Paper
872:Sykes–Picot Agreement
845:Arab–Israeli conflict
604:. FT. August 13, 2020
251:
239:
168:
49:, beginning with the
35:Arab–Israeli conflict
24:
1684:Gaza–Israel conflict
1588:Treaty on Open Skies
1215:Annapolis Conference
1209:UNSC Resolution 1701
1199:UNSC Resolution 1850
1181:UNSC Resolution 1583
1175:UNSC Resolution 1566
1171:UNSC Resolution 1559
1121:Wye River Memorandum
977:Armistice agreements
298:United Arab Emirates
71:United Arab Emirates
61:(1991–present), the
1058:UNSC Resolution 497
1052:UNSC Resolution 478
1046:UNSC Resolution 452
1033:UNSC Resolution 446
1023:UNSC Resolution 425
1017:UNSC Resolution 350
1007:UNSC Resolution 339
1003:UNSC Resolution 338
993:Khartoum Resolution
981:Lausanne Conference
930:Morrison–Grady Plan
900:San Remo conference
878:Balfour Declaration
564:. 16 February 2020.
362:settlement activity
1447:Conflict continuum
1203:Quartet Principles
1137:Clinton Parameters
1027:Camp David Accords
778:. 1 November 2023.
760:. 19 October 2023.
690:. 14 October 2023.
306:Benjamin Netanyahu
266:
246:
182:
153:Camp David Accords
31:
1661:
1660:
1599:
1598:
1498:Jammu and Kashmir
1376:Peace enforcement
1343:Anti-war movement
1295:
1294:
1165:Geneva Initiative
1133:Camp David Summit
1093:Madrid Conference
1070:Reagan peace plan
1043:
948:UN Partition Plan
942:London Conference
924:London Conference
860:Damascus Protocol
758:The Straits Times
734:. 8 November 2023
732:The Straits Times
708:. 20 October 2023
706:The Straits Times
670:. 28 August 2023.
374:Najla El Mangoush
372:Foreign Minister
264:, in January 2021
1691:
1618:Index by country
1556:Helsinki Accords
1549:post-WWII Europe
1546:
1545:
1542:Peace mechanisms
1513:Northern Ireland
1493:Israel–Palestine
1437:Capitalist peace
1351:Cost of conflict
1322:
1315:
1308:
1299:
1298:
1253:Trump peace plan
1245:
1039:
833:
826:
819:
810:
809:
804:
798:
792:
786:
780:
779:
768:
762:
761:
750:
744:
743:
741:
739:
724:
718:
717:
715:
713:
698:
692:
691:
678:
672:
671:
660:
654:
653:
642:
636:
635:
633:
631:
620:
614:
613:
611:
609:
598:
592:
591:
589:
587:
572:
566:
565:
554:
548:
547:
535:
529:
528:
517:
511:
501:
495:
494:
492:
491:
484:Business Insider
476:
470:
469:
467:
465:
448:
433:Israel–Hamas war
409:Amman following
402:Israel–Hamas war
390:Israel–Hamas war
384:Israel–Hamas war
252:Sudanese leader
195:May 17 Agreement
27:recognise Israel
1701:
1700:
1694:
1693:
1692:
1690:
1689:
1688:
1664:
1663:
1662:
1657:
1648:
1622:
1595:
1582:Vienna Document
1537:
1503:Kurdish/Turkish
1471:
1425:
1416:War termination
1331:
1326:
1296:
1291:
1259:Abraham Accords
1243:
1237:
1080:
1062:1981–1982
958:
912:Peel Commission
847:
841:peace proposals
837:
807:
799:
795:
787:
783:
770:
769:
765:
752:
751:
747:
737:
735:
726:
725:
721:
711:
709:
700:
699:
695:
680:
679:
675:
662:
661:
657:
644:
643:
639:
629:
627:
622:
621:
617:
607:
605:
600:
599:
595:
585:
583:
573:
569:
556:
555:
551:
536:
532:
519:
518:
514:
508:the Gulf States
502:
498:
489:
487:
478:
477:
473:
463:
461:
449:
445:
441:
419:
395:Khalid Al-Falih
386:
350:
318:
242:Abraham Accords
234:
232:Abraham Accords
226:Main articles:
224:
219:
213:
208:
202:
197:
189:Main articles:
187:
163:
151:Main articles:
149:
144:
128:Main articles:
126:
121:
115:
110:
98:Main articles:
96:
91:
81:(2020) and the
67:Abraham Accords
17:
12:
11:
5:
1699:
1698:
1687:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1659:
1658:
1653:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1630:
1628:
1624:
1623:
1621:
1620:
1615:
1609:
1607:
1605:Peace treaties
1601:
1600:
1597:
1596:
1594:
1593:
1592:
1591:
1585:
1579:
1570:
1569:
1568:
1559:
1552:
1550:
1543:
1539:
1538:
1536:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1479:
1477:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1433:
1431:
1427:
1426:
1424:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1411:Separate peace
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1391:Peace movement
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1371:Peace congress
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1339:
1337:
1333:
1332:
1325:
1324:
1317:
1310:
1302:
1293:
1292:
1290:
1289:
1283:
1282:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1255:
1248:
1246:
1239:
1238:
1236:
1235:
1229:
1223:
1217:
1211:
1205:
1195:
1177:
1167:
1161:
1151:
1145:
1139:
1129:
1123:
1117:
1111:
1101:
1095:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1081:
1079:
1078:
1072:
1066:
1060:
1054:
1048:
1029:
1019:
1009:
999:
989:
983:
973:
966:
964:
960:
959:
957:
956:
950:
944:
938:
932:
926:
920:
914:
908:
902:
896:
890:
880:
874:
868:
862:
855:
853:
849:
848:
839:Diplomacy and
836:
835:
828:
821:
813:
806:
805:
793:
781:
763:
745:
719:
693:
673:
655:
637:
626:. May 31, 2022
615:
593:
567:
549:
530:
512:
496:
471:
442:
440:
437:
436:
435:
430:
425:
418:
415:
385:
382:
378:Antonio Tajani
354:Antony Blinken
349:
346:
317:
314:
256:with Israel's
223:
220:
215:Main article:
212:
209:
204:Main article:
201:
198:
186:
183:
161:Land for peace
148:
145:
125:
122:
117:Main article:
114:
111:
95:
92:
90:
87:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1697:
1696:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1669:
1656:
1651:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1625:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1602:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1573:
1571:
1566:
1563:
1562:
1561:human rights
1560:
1557:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1547:
1544:
1540:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1478:
1474:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1432:
1428:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1401:Peace symbols
1399:
1397:
1396:Peace process
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1366:Peacebuilding
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1340:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1323:
1318:
1316:
1311:
1309:
1304:
1303:
1300:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1260:
1256:
1254:
1250:
1249:
1247:
1240:
1234:
1230:
1228:
1224:
1222:
1218:
1216:
1212:
1210:
1206:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1166:
1162:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1150:
1146:
1144:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1128:
1124:
1122:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1100:
1096:
1094:
1090:
1089:
1087:
1083:
1077:
1073:
1071:
1067:
1065:
1061:
1059:
1055:
1053:
1049:
1047:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1008:
1004:
1000:
998:
994:
990:
988:
984:
982:
978:
974:
972:
968:
967:
965:
961:
955:
951:
949:
945:
943:
940:1946–47
939:
937:
933:
931:
927:
925:
921:
919:
915:
913:
909:
907:
903:
901:
897:
895:
891:
889:
885:
881:
879:
875:
873:
869:
867:
863:
861:
857:
856:
854:
850:
846:
842:
834:
829:
827:
822:
820:
815:
814:
811:
802:
797:
790:
785:
777:
773:
767:
759:
755:
749:
733:
729:
723:
707:
703:
697:
689:
688:
683:
677:
669:
665:
659:
651:
647:
641:
625:
619:
603:
597:
582:
578:
571:
563:
559:
553:
545:
541:
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1386:Peacemaking
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918:White Paper
278:Arab States
170:Anwar Sadat
73:and Israel–
43:Arab League
1668:Categories
1346:(category)
1285:2022
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1251:2019
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1225:2013
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464:20 January
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1356:Pacifism
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1159:Road map
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1244:present
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630:May 31,
581:Reuters
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342:Morocco
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370:Libyan
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