373:
439:
332:
175:
provides information not critical to identifying the phrase in apposition. It provides non-essential information, and the essential meaning of the sentence would not change if the appositive were removed. In
English, non-restrictive appositives are typically set off by commas. The sentences below
1020:
On the apposition vs. double subject issue in
Romanian, see: Appositions Versus Double Subject Sentences – What Information the Speech Analysis Brings to a Grammar Debate, by Horia-Nicolai Teodorescu and Diana Trandabăţ. In: Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer Berlin, Heidelberg, ISSN
128:
provides information essential to identifying the phrase in apposition. It limits or clarifies that phrase in some crucial way, such that the meaning of the sentence would change if the appositive were removed. In
English, restrictive appositives are not set off by
116:, or figures of disorder, because they can disrupt the flow of a sentence. For example, in the phrase: "My wife, a surgeon by training,...", it is necessary to pause before the parenthetical modification "a surgeon by training".
248:
If there is any doubt that the appositive is non-restrictive, it is safer to use the restrictive punctuation. In the example above, the restrictive first sentence is still correct even if there is only one brother.
112:
type and often results when the verbs (particularly verbs of being) in supporting clauses are eliminated to produce shorter descriptive phrases. That makes them often function as
544:
905:
133:. The sentences below use restrictive appositives. Here and elsewhere in this section, the relevant phrases are marked as the
1031:
652:
In several languages, the same syntax that is used to express such relations as possession can also be used appositively:
1011:
981:
949:
885:
500:
482:
420:
359:
1048:
464:
402:
1067:
Appositions Versus Double
Subject Sentences – What Information the Speech Analysis Brings to a Grammar Debate
51:, are placed side by side so one element identifies the other in a different way. The two elements are said to be
449:
398:
996:
A comprehensive treatment of apposition in
English is given in §§17.65–93 (pages 1300–1320) and elsewhere in:
218:
The same phrase can be a restrictive appositive in one context and a non-restrictive appositive in another:
969:
394:
345:
20:
676:
539:
1052:
754:
692:
383:
625:
appears without an article as if it were a title. The grammatical correctness of false titles is
460:
387:
856:
837:
796:
783:
917:
725:
714:
59:, but its identification requires consideration of how the elements are used in a sentence.
860:
109:
27:
8:
1036:
766:
563:
130:
997:
897:
1061:
153:– I have many friends, but I am restricting my statement to the one named Alice Smith.
1081:
1007:
1000:
977:
945:
881:
745:
626:
456:
1086:
822:
523:
772:
1066:
1042:
965:
832:
787:
576:
533:
351:
253:
243:– Non-restrictive: I have only one brother and, as an aside, his name is Nathan.
807:
705:
1075:
1021:
0302-9743, Volume 4629/2007, "Text, Speech and
Dialogue", pp. 286–293.
570:, was one of the most successful military commanders of the ancient world.
306:
48:
30:, an apposition-like structure whose elements are not placed side by side.
876:
Chapter 5, §14.3 (pages 447–448), Rodney
Huddleston, Geoffrey K. Pullum,
614:
584:
230:– Restrictive: I have several brothers, and the one named Nathan is here.
203:– The appositive (that it is beautiful) is not needed to identify Canada.
44:
513:
In the following examples, the appositive phrases are shown in italics:
19:
This article is about the grammatical construction. For other uses, see
1057:
998:
Randolph Quirk; Sidney
Greenbaum; Geoffrey Leech; Jan Svartvik (1985).
827:
113:
34:
467:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
372:
189:– The fact that Alice is my friend is not necessary to identify her.
166:– There are many television shows, and he likes that particular one.
105:("placement"), although the English form is now more commonly used.
286:– The appositive is the noun phrase with dependent relative clause
1049:
Apposition and double subject in
Romanian – a controversial issue
904:, Cambridge, Massachusetts : Harvard University Press, 1956
518:
317:
of nearly a hundred mystery novels and stories, was born in 1891.
70:
are in apposition, with the appositive identified with italics:
90:
589:– Explains why Aretha Franklin is performing at that venue.
294:
My sister, whose name is Alice Smith, likes jelly beans.
16:
Modifying noun phrases by placing them next to each other
606:, Ann campaigned against the king's authoritarian rule.
675:. That has also been invoked as an explanation for the
759:
296:– There is no appositive. There is a relative clause:
119:
801:
559:– Provides context on my relation to Ren and Stimpy.
719:
529:– Appositives are not limited to describing people.
999:
659:"Appositive oblique", a prepositional phrase with
632:Appositive phrases can also serve as definitions:
1073:
89:Traditionally, appositives were called by their
1002:A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language
880:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
1032:Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar, §282
878:The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language
599:– Provides additional strength to the phrase.
62:For example, in these sentences, the phrases
47:construction in which two elements, normally
617:is a kind of restrictive appositive, as in "
401:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
360:Learn how and when to remove these messages
974:An Introduction to Biblical Hebrew Syntax
918:"Noun-related Particles | Learn Japanese"
621:Jane Smith has arrived". Here the phrase
608:– Indicates the reason for Ann's actions.
572:– Substantiates the sentence's predicate.
501:Learn how and when to remove this message
483:Learn how and when to remove this message
421:Learn how and when to remove this message
976:, Winona Lake, Ind.: Eisenbrauns, 1990.
850:
724:, "a monster (great affair) of a boar" (
108:Apposition is a figure of speech of the
55:, and one of the elements is called the
865:princeton.edu/writing/center/resources/
1074:
944:. The Japan Times. 1986. p. 312.
942:A dictionary of basic Japanese Grammar
732:is inflected for the genitive singular
647:
432:
399:adding citations to reliable sources
366:
325:
313:The English writer Agatha Christie,
269:– The appositive is the noun phrase
791:
786:, "genitive of association" as in:
549:– Clarifies who Barry Goldwater is.
13:
568:the Macedonian conqueror of Persia
288:a doctor whose name is Alice Smith
282:a doctor whose name is Alice Smith
120:Restrictive versus non-restrictive
14:
1098:
1025:
728:, 1.36), where ὑὸς, the word for
341:This section has multiple issues.
176:use non-restrictive appositives.
1006:. London and New York: Longman.
900:, revised by Gordon M. Messing,
704:"Genitive of explanation" as in
642:– Emphatic semantic duplication.
604:A staunch supporter of democracy
437:
371:
330:
208:The first to arrive at the house
1053:Sounds of the Romanian Language
640:– should ever suffer that way.
349:or discuss these issues on the
958:
934:
910:
890:
870:
857:"Commas: Some Common Problems"
1:
990:
859:, Princeton Writing Program,
545:Republican nomination in 1964
256:is not always an appositive.
593:You are better than anyone,
583:, will be performing at the
524:the land of a thousand lakes
7:
816:
802:
760:
720:
463:the claims made and adding
321:
21:Apposition (disambiguation)
10:
1103:
173:non-restrictive appositive
32:
25:
18:
749:
709:
298:whose name is Alice Smith
97:, derived from the Latin
970:Michael Patrick O'Connor
843:
214:unlocked the front door.
33:Not to be confused with
26:Not to be confused with
1039:at AmericanRhetoric.com
922:www.guidetojapanese.org
906:Perseus Digital Library
896:§1322 (pages 317–318),
557:, are starting a band.
726:Histories of Herodotus
126:restrictive appositive
693:In Dublin's Fair City
665:the month of December
581:a very popular singer
284:, likes jelly beans.
267:, likes jelly beans.
187:, likes jelly beans.
861:Princeton University
780:In Biblical Hebrew:
773:the Mountain of Fuji
701:In Classical Greek:
696:, which is uncommon.
673:the city of New York
595:anyone I've ever met
555:both friends of mine
540:senator from Arizona
395:improve this section
139:phrase in apposition
85:, likes jelly beans.
78:, likes jelly beans.
1037:Audio illustrations
648:Appositive genitive
638:not a single person
564:Alexander the Great
199:a beautiful country
159:the television show
151:likes jelly beans.
964:§9.5.3h (p. 153),
898:Herbert Weir Smyth
448:possibly contains
1045:at chompchomp.com
800:
770:
758:
718:
643:
609:
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560:
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450:original research
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135:appositive phrase
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823:Figure of speech
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721:hyòs méga chrêma
713:
711:
681:a friend of mine
669:the sin of pride
641:
607:
598:
588:
571:
558:
553:Ren and Stimpy,
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833:Literary device
819:
677:double genitive
650:
623:noted biologist
619:Noted biologist
577:Aretha Franklin
543:, received the
534:Barry Goldwater
507:
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305:More examples:
254:relative clause
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808:Garden of Eden
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710:ὑὸς μέγα χρῆμα
699:
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517:I was born in
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902:Greek Grammar
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886:0-521-43146-8
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740:Postpositive
739:
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737:In Japanese:
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446:This section
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380:This section
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101:("near") and
100:
96:
92:
84:
81:Alice Smith,
80:
77:
73:
72:
71:
69:
65:
60:
58:
54:
53:in apposition
50:
46:
42:
36:
29:
22:
1001:
973:
960:
941:
936:
925:. Retrieved
921:
912:
901:
892:
877:
872:
864:
852:
761:Fuji no Yama
741:
729:
691:
687:
680:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:In English:
651:
637:
631:
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618:
612:
603:
594:
580:
567:
554:
537:
522:
512:
497:
479:
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447:
417:
408:
393:Please help
381:
357:
350:
344:
343:Please help
340:
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307:Zero article
304:
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162:The Simpsons
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49:noun phrases
40:
39:
28:dislocations
1062:Appositives
1043:Appositives
838:Parenthesis
686:The ending
615:false title
585:White House
538:the junior
271:Alice Smith
265:Alice Smith
241:, is here.
181:Alice Smith
149:Alice Smith
114:hyperbatons
76:Alice Smith
74:My sister,
64:Alice Smith
45:grammatical
1076:Categories
1058:Purdue OWL
991:References
927:2016-05-10
828:Hyperbaton
792:גַּן עֵדֶן
457:improve it
346:improve it
235:My brother
223:My brother
193:I visited
57:appositive
41:Apposition
35:adposition
803:Gan 'Ēden
797:romanized
784:Construct
755:romanized
715:romanized
636:No one –
473:June 2020
461:verifying
411:June 2020
382:does not
352:talk page
278:My sister
261:My sister
228:is here.
185:my friend
157:He likes
146:My friend
95:appositio
83:my sister
68:my sister
1082:Rhetoric
863:, 1999,
817:See also
746:Japanese
322:Examples
1087:Grammar
806:, "the
799::
769:
757::
744:as in:
717::
663:as in:
519:Finland
455:Please
403:removed
388:sources
137:or the
103:positio
1010:
980:
948:
884:
788:Hebrew
690:as in
315:author
239:Nathan
226:Nathan
195:Canada
131:commas
110:scheme
1051:in *
844:Notes
775:'
771:'
706:Greek
671:, or
93:name
91:Latin
43:is a
1008:ISBN
978:ISBN
968:and
946:ISBN
882:ISBN
767:lit.
750:ふじの山
730:boar
386:any
384:cite
66:and
688:-'s
459:by
397:by
309::
212:she
1078::
1060::
972:,
920:.
794:,
790::
764:,
752:,
748::
742:no
712:,
708::
679::
667:,
661:of
629:.
613:A
597:.
587:.
579:,
566:,
547:.
536:,
527:.
521:,
355:.
280:,
263:,
252:A
237:,
210:,
201:.
197:,
183:,
171:A
164:.
141:.
124:A
99:ad
1016:.
954:.
930:.
867:.
810:"
683:.
504:)
498:(
486:)
480:(
475:)
471:(
453:.
424:)
418:(
413:)
409:(
405:.
391:.
362:)
358:(
300:.
290:.
273:.
37:.
23:.
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