Anti-vaccine activism

642:, Facebook announced in March 2019 that it would provide users with "authoritative information" on the topic of vaccines. Facebook introduced several policies chosen to reduce the impact of anti-vaccine content, without actually removing it. These included reducing the ranking of anti-vaccine sources in searches and not recommending them; rejecting ads and targeted advertising that contained vaccine misinformation; and using banners to present vaccine information from authoritative sources. A study examined the six months before and after the policy changes. It found a moderate but significant decrease in the number of likes for anti-vaccine posts following the policy changes. Likes of pro-vaccine posts were unchanged. Facebook has been criticized for not being more aggressive in countering disinformation. In response to efforts to police misinformation, anti-vaccine communities on social media have adopted coded language to refer to vaccinated persons and the vaccines themselves. 161:, two medical historians suggested that the arguments made against the safety and effectiveness of vaccines in the late 20th century are similar to those of the early anti-vaccinationists. Both the 19th and 20th century arguments included "vaccine safety issues, vaccine failures, infringement of personal liberty, and an unholy alliance between the medical establishment and the government to reap huge profits for the medical establishment at the expense of the public." However, the authors only considered the use of "newspaper articles and letters, books, journals, and pamphlets to warn against the dangers of vaccination", and did not address the impact of the internet. Comments on YouTube videos during the COVID-19 pandemic clustered similarly around "concerns about side-effects, effectiveness, and lack of trust in corporations and government". 33: 829:, including from parents who alleged that their children had died through the procedure, and complaining that these petitions had not been made public. The journal reported the formation of the Anti-Compulsory Vaccination League "To overthrow this huge piece of physiological absurdity and medical tyranny", and quoted Richard Gibbs (a cousin of John Gibbs) who ran the Free Hospital at the same address as stating "I believe we have hundreds of cases here, from being poisoned with vaccination, I deem incurable. One member of a family dating syphilitic symptoms from the time of vaccination, when all the other members of the family have been clear. We strongly advise parents to go to prison, rather than submit to have their helpless offspring inoculated with scrofula, syphilis, and mania". 905: 49: 1259:

infected) and 5,520 cases (2.75% of the population) of measles in Samoa. Sixty-one out of the first 70 deaths were four years old and under, and all but seven were under 15. After the outbreak, anti-vaxxers employed racist tropes and misinformation to credit the scores of measles deaths to poverty and poor nutrition or even to the vaccine itself, but this has been discounted by the international emergency medical support that arrived in November and December. There was no evidence of acute malnutrition, clinical vitamin A deficiency, or immune deficiency as claimed by various anti-vaxxers.

764:, the earliest arguments against vaccination, were soon advanced. For example, in a 1722 sermon entitled "The Dangerous and Sinful Practice of Inoculation", the English theologian Reverend Edmund Massey argued that diseases are sent by God to punish sin and that any attempt to prevent smallpox via inoculation is a "diabolical operation". It was customary at the time for popular preachers to publish sermons, which reached a wide audience. This was the case with Massey, whose sermon reached North America, where there was early religious opposition, particularly by 1364:, asserted that he and other American scientists who publicly defend vaccines have been attacked on social media, harassed with threatening emails, intimidated, and confronted physically by opponents of vaccination. He further attributes the increase in aggressiveness of the anti-vaccination movement to the influence of the extreme wing of the Republican Party. Hotez estimates that roughly 200,000 preventable deaths from COVID-19, mainly among Republicans, occurred in the US because of refusal to be vaccinated. A 2023 study published in the 618:" of disinformation can be effective, at least in the short term. Elements that may help to correct inaccurate information include: warning people before they are exposed to misinformation; high perceived credibility of message sources, affirmations of identity and social norms; graphical presentation; and focusing attention on clear core messages. Alternative explanations of a situation need to fit plausibly into the original scenario and ideally indicate why the incorrect explanation was previously thought to be correct. 229:, which can prevent some types of cancer. Anti-vaccine posts were more likely than pro-vaccine posts to be sent by non-healthcare individuals, to include personal narratives, and to reference other Instagram users, links, or reposts. Anti-vaccine posts were also more likely to involve concealment or distortion, particularly conspiracy theories and unsubstantiated claims. In total, 72.3% of antivaccine posts made inaccurate claims, including exaggerating the risks of vaccines and minimizing risks of disease. 591:, Hotez describes how he and other scientists who publicly defend vaccines have been attacked on social media, harassed with threatening emails, intimidated, and confronted physically by opponents of vaccination. He attributes the increase in aggressiveness of the anti-vaccination movement to the influence of the extreme wing of the Republican Party. Hotez estimates that roughly 200,000 preventable deaths from COVID-19, mainly among Republicans, occurred in the US because of refusal to be vaccinated. 1281:, anti-vaccine activists undertook various efforts to hinder people who wanted to receive the vaccines, with such activities occurring in countries including Australia, Israel, the United Kingdom, and the United States. These included attempts to physically blockade vaccination sites, and making false reservations for vaccination appointments to clog up vaccination booking systems. Protests were also organized by the activists to raise awareness for their cause. 1408: 1422: 1380: 1394: 795:"Such are the falsehoods which impede the progress of the brightest discovery which has ever been made! But the contest is in vain! Time has drawn aside the veil which obstructed our knowledge of this invaluable blessing; and in the examples of the Emperor of Constantinople, of the Dowager Empress of Russia, and the King of Spain, we may date the downfall of further opposition." 631:

disinformation. Other possibilities include flagging or removing misleading information on social media platforms. Research suggests that a majority of individuals in the United States would support the removal of harmful misinformation posts and the suspension of accounts. This position is less popular with Republicans than Democrats.

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disinformation campaigns. Networked communities of public health officials and other stakeholders, connecting with the public through a variety of credible and trusted messengers, are recommended. Sharing of messages through such networks could help to debunk and counter highly networked and coordinated disinformation attacks.

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detect disinformation than those who rely on few sources from a particular viewpoint. Particularly on social media, beware of sensational headlines that appeal to emotion, fact-check information broadly (not just through your usual sources), and consider possible agendas or conflicts of interest of those relaying information.

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gain attention and obtain funding displayed a "hybrid monetization strategy". They attracted attention by combining eye-catching aspects of "junk news" and online celebrity promotion. At the same time, they developed campaign-specific communities to publicize and legitimize their position, similar to radical social movements.

1183:, in which a signed editorial stated of the journalist, "It has taken the diligent scepticism of one man, standing outside medicine and science, to show that the paper was in fact an elaborate fraud." A 2011 journal article described the vaccine-autism connection as "the most damaging medical hoax of the last 100 years". 516:

examined the spread of false claims about vaccines. The House Judiciary Committee sent letters, subpoenas, and threats of legal action to researchers, demanding notes, emails and other records from researchers and even student interns, dating back to 2015. Institutions subjected to such inquiries included the

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activities designed to create social dissension. Worldwide, foreign disinformation campaigns have been associated with declining vaccination rates in target countries. Anti-vaccine activism online both before and during the pandemic has been linked to extreme levels of falsehoods, rumors, hoaxes, and

990:. Members were opposed to compulsory vaccination laws. Higgins was the League's chief spokesman and pamphleteer. Historian James Colgrove noted that Higgins "attempted to overturn the New York State's law mandating vaccination of students in public schools". The League should not be confused with the 716:

Recommendations for combating vaccine disinformation include increasing the presence of trusted health agencies and credible information on social media, partnering with social media platforms to promote evidence-based public health information, and identifying and responding to emerging concerns and

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In July 2018, two 12-month-old children died in Samoa after receiving incorrectly prepared MMR vaccinations. These two deaths were picked up by anti-vaccine groups and used to incite fear towards vaccination on social media, causing the government to suspend its measles vaccination programme for ten

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ruled that Wakefield had acted "dishonestly and irresponsibly" in doing his research, carrying out unauthorized procedures for which he was not qualified, and acting with "callous disregard" for the children involved. Wakefield was found guilty by the General Medical Council of serious professional

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disinformation through appeals for donations, sales of content-based media and other merchandise, third-party advertising, and membership fees. Some maintained a group of linked websites, attracting visitors with one site and appealing for money and selling merchandise on others. Their activities to

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disagreed, saying that the outbreak was "directly related to Dr. Wakefield's theory". Wakefield and other anti-vaccine activists were active in the American-Somali community in Minnesota, where a drop in vaccination rates was followed by the largest measles outbreak in the state in nearly 30 years

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The claims in the paper were widely reported, leading to a sharp drop in vaccination rates in the UK and Ireland. Promotion of the claimed link, which continued in anti-vaccination propaganda for the next three decades despite being refuted, was estimated to have led to an increase in the incidence

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Best practices for combating vaccine mis- and disinformation include addressing issues openly, clearly identifying areas of scientific consensus and areas of uncertainty, and being sensitive to the cultural and religious values of communities. In countering anti-vaccine disinformation, both factual

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Algorithms and user data can be used to identify selected subgroups who can then be provided with specialized content. This type of approach has been used both by anti-vaccine activists and by health providers who hope to counter vaccine-related disinformation. For example, in the United States,

173:(USA), Vaccination Risk Awareness Network (Canada), Australian Vaccination Network. In November 2013 the Australian Vaccination Network was ordered by the New South Wales Administrative Decisions Tribunal to change their name so that consumers are aware of the anti-vaccination nature of the group. 895:

that "the liberty secured by the Constitution of the United States to every person within its jurisdiction does not import an absolute right in each person to be, at all times and in all circumstances, wholly freed from restraint. There are manifold restraints to which every person is necessarily

680:"severely limits the ability of the White House, the surgeon general, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention... to communicate with social media companies about content related to Covid-19... that the government views as misinformation". In October 2023, this injunction was paused by the 821:. By the 1860s, anti-vaccinationism in Britain was active in the working class, labor aristocracy, and lower middle class. It had become associated with alternative medicine and was part of a larger culture of social and political dissent that included both labor unions and religious dissenters. 799:

Coxe's expectation of an end to opposition to vaccination proved premature, and through much of the nineteenth century, the principles, practices and impact of vaccination were matters of active scientific debate. The principles behind vaccination were not clearly understood until the end of the

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The cultivation of critical thinking, health and science awareness, and media literacy skills are all recommended to help people more critically assess the credibility of the information they see. People who seek out multiple reputable news sources at local and national levels are more likely to

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Despite conservative claims that the government acted to censor speech online, "no evidence has emerged that government officials coerced the companies to take action against accounts". The actions of the House Judiciary Committee have been described as an "attempt to chill research,” creating a

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After Republicans gained a majority in the U.S. House of Representatives in January 2023, the House Judiciary Committee used legal action to oppose both disinformation research and government involvement in fighting disinformation. One of the projects targeted was the Virality Project, which has

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as a tactic, repeating false information to make it feel familiar and influence belief. Anti-vaccine activists have leveraged social media to develop interconnected networks of influencers that shape people's opinion, recruit allies, impact policy and monetize vaccine-related disinformation. In

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Although physicians and nurses are still rated as the most trusted source for vaccine information, some vaccine-hesitant individuals report being more comfortable discussing vaccines with providers of complementary and alternative (CAM) treatments. With the rise of the internet, many people have

713:(SAGE)'s 3C's model, outreach to communities has focused on addressing mistrust and increasing Confidence, providing information to improve risk assessment (Complacency), and improving access to COVID-19 vaccines (Convenience). It has been necessary to counter disinformation in all three areas. 634:

While private entities like Facebook, Twitter and Telegram could legally establish guidelines for moderation of information and disinformation on their platforms (subject to local and international laws) such companies do not have strong incentives to control disinformation or to self-regulate.

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Other suggestions for countering anti-vaccine activism focus on changing the operation of social media platforms. Interventions such as accuracy nudges and source labeling change the context in which information is presented. For example, correct information can be directly presented to counter

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At the extreme end, opposition to vaccination has resulted in substantial violence against vaccinators. In Pakistan, "more than 200 polio team workers have lost their lives" (team members include not only vaccinators but police and security personnel) from "targeted killing and terrorism" while

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The anti-vaccination movement was historically apolitical, but in the 2010s and 2020s the movement in the United States has increasingly targeted conservatives. As measles outbreaks increased, so did calls to eliminate exemptions from vaccine administration. As of 2015, 19 American states had

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Steps have been taken to counter anti-vaccine messaging by directly engaging with communities. Outreach efforts include call centers and texting campaigns, partnering with local community leaders, and holding community-based vaccine clinics. Creating digital and science literacy resources and

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and 83 deaths, out of a Samoan population of 200,874. Over three percent of the population were infected. The cause of the outbreak was attributed to decreased vaccination rates, from 74% in 2017 to 31–34% in 2018, even though nearby islands had rates near 99%. a rate of 14.3 deaths per 1000

724:) and is susceptible to disinformation attacks. To deal with disinformation, community networks would need to address issues of liberty and human rights as well as vaccine safety, effectiveness and access. Networks could also help to show support for those attacked by anti-vaccine activists. 1021:

In the United States, numerous measles outbreaks occurred in the 1960s and 1970s, and were shown to be more frequent in states that lacked mandatory vaccination requirements. This led to calls in the 1970s for a national level vaccination requirement for children entering schools.

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of 1853 required that every child be vaccinated within three or four months of birth. It set a precedent for the state regulation of physical bodies, and was fiercely resisted. The following year, in 1854, John Gibbs published the first anti-compulsory-vaccination pamphlet,

507:. Raw, unverified data from VAERS has often been used by the anti-vaccine community to justify misinformation regarding the safety of vaccines; it is generally not possible to find out from VAERS data if a vaccine caused an adverse event, or how common the event might be. 652:

examined advertisements posted in the three months prior to the Facebook's 2019 policy changes. It found that 54% of the anti-vaccine advertisements on Facebook were placed by just two organizations, funded by well-known anti-vaccination activists. The

697:(SVI) has been used to identify communities that have traditionally been under-served or are at elevated risk for infection, morbidity, and mortality. Programs have been developed in such communities to address disinformation and vaccine hesitancy. 800:

nineteenth century. The importance of hygiene in the preparation, storage, and administration of vaccines was not always understood or practiced. Reliable statistics on vaccine efficacy and side effects were difficult to obtain before the 1930s.

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Anti-vaccine activism ebbed for much of the twentieth century, but never completely vanished. In the UK, the National Anti-Vaccination League continued to publish new issues of its journal until 1972, by which time the global campaign for

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A series of American legal cases, beginning in various states and culminating with that of Henning Jacobson of Massachusetts in 1905, upheld the mandating of compulsory smallpox vaccination for the good of the public. The court ruled in

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for smallpox from the final decades of the 19th century through the 1910s. During this period, smallpox vaccination was the only form of vaccination that was widely practiced, and the society published a periodical opposing it, called

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appealed to state governors, and by 1980, all 50 states legally required vaccination for school entrance. Many of these laws allowed exemptions in response to lobbyists. In New York State, a 1967 law allowed exemptions from receiving

665:, run by campaigner Larry Cook, posted 54% of the advertisements. The ads often linked to commercial products, such as natural remedies and books. Kennedy was suspended from Facebook in August 2022, but reinstated in June 2023. 2306: 7466: 1207:

to broaden their base. While earlier anti-vaccination activists focused on health impacts and safety of vaccines, recent themes increasingly involve philosophical arguments about liberty, medical freedom and parental rights.

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Anti-vaccine activists have falsely claimed in social media posts that numerous deaths or injuries had to do with reactions to vaccines. In one highly publicized instance in early 2023, after Buffalo Bills football player

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In 1880, William Tebb enlarged and reorganized the Anti-Compulsory Vaccination League in the UK with the formation of the London Society for the Abolition of Compulsory Vaccination, with William Young as secretary. The

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Supply-side interventions reduce circulation of misinformation directly at their sources through actions such as application of social media policies, regulation, and legislation. A study published in the journal

787:, who published his findings on the efficacy of the practice for smallpox in 1798. By 1801, the practice had been widely endorsed in the scientific community, and by several world leaders. Philadelphia physician 1215:. The measles virus lost its elimination status in the US as the number of measles cases continued to rise in the late 2010s with a total of 17 outbreaks in 2018 and 465 outbreaks in 2019 (as of April 4, 2019). 552:

Persons undertaking efforts to counter vaccine misinformation, including public health experts who use social media, have been targeted for harassment by anti-vaccine activists. For example, Slovakian physician

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In June 1867, the publication "Human Nature" campaigned in the United Kingdom against "The Vaccination Humbug", reporting that many petitions had been presented to Parliament against Compulsory Vaccination for

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suggested legislation to eliminate or increase the difficulty of exemptions, including California. Concurrently, American anti-vaccine activists reached out to libertarian and right-leaning groups such as the

994:, that was formed in 1879. Higgins was criticized by medical experts for spreading misinformation and ignoring facts as to the efficacy of vaccination. The League dissolved after the death of Higgins in 1929. 1356:

and other anti-vaccine activists. Some unvaccinated persons opposed to COVID-19 vaccination began referring to themselves in social media groups as "purebloods", a term historically connoting racial purity.

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in September 1883 which argued against compulsory vaccination. The London Society focused on lobbying parliamentary support in the 1880s and early 1890s. They gained support from several members of the

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found "evidence of higher excess mortality for Republican voters compared with Democratic voters in Florida and Ohio after, but not before, COVID-19 vaccines were available to all adults in the US".

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MMR autism fraud, which Dennis K Flaherty at the University of Charleston characterized as "perhaps the most damaging medical hoax of the last 100 years". The fraudulent research paper authored by

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among unvaccinated children that year. He also reaffirmed his discredited belief that "MMR contributes to the current autism epidemic". By that time, at least 166 measles cases had been reported.

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Whether people will update a mistaken belief is complicated and involves psychological factors and social goals as well as accuracy of information. There is some evidence that both debunking and "

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The Black Doctors COVID-19 Consortium in Philadelphia is one example of a successful direct outreach initiative. Another is the New York State Vaccine Equity Task Force. In line with the

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The UK movement grew, and as the influence of the London Society overshadowed the Hume-Rotherys and it took the national lead, it was decided in February 1896 to re-form the Society as

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all found no link between the MMR vaccine and autism. Physicians, medical journals, and editors have described Wakefield's actions as fraudulent and tied them to epidemics and deaths.

7501: 4651: 7458: 7221: 10100: 8660: 5050: 8726: 1018:. In the UK, these were often introduced on a voluntary basis, without arousing the same kind of anti-vaccination response that had accompanied compulsory smallpox vaccination. 1186:

Wakefield continues to promote anti-vaccine beliefs and conspiracy theories in the United States. In February 2015, Wakefield denied that he bore any responsibility for the

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and anti-vaccine activism exist within a broader context that involves cultural tradition, religious belief, approaches to health and disease, and political affiliation.

565:. Due to his prominent role in the vaccination campaign, Krčméry and his family became a target of anti-vaccine activists, who physically threatened him and his family. 482:

underlying vaccine disinformation. Researchers identified 59 English-language "actors" that provided "almost exclusively anti-vaccination publications". Their websites

9140: 917:, established by Tebb in 1879, was adopted as the official organ of the Society. A series of fourteen "Vaccination Tracts" was begun by Young in 1877 and completed by 8488: 1944: 10452: 706:

distributing them via schools, libraries, municipal offices, churches and other community groups can help to counter misinformation in under-resourced communities.

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turned online for medical information. In some instances, anti-vaccine activists seek to steer people away from vaccination and health-care providers and towards

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Anti-vaccination writings on the internet have been argued to be characterized by a number of differences from medical and scientific literature. These include:

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and counter anti-vaccine disinformation. Efforts include social media advertising campaigns, by public health organizations, in support of public health goals.

9534: 4271: 4002: 1254:. A full outbreak of measles began on the island in October 2019 and continued for the next four months. As of January 6, 2020, there were over 5,700 cases of 760:(a predecessor to vaccination) was organized as early as the 1720s around the premise that vaccination was unnatural and an attempt to thwart divine judgment. 720:

A networked community approach would differ from the current model of US public health communication, which tends to rely on a single credible messenger (e.g.

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wrote a supportive letter to the National Anti-Vaccination League, equating methods of vaccination with "rubbing the contents of the dustpan into the wound".

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Flaherty, Dennis K. (October 2011). "The vaccine-autism connection: a public health crisis caused by unethical medical practices and fraudulent science".

844:. After the death of Richard B. Gibbs in 1871, the Anti-Compulsory Vaccination League "languished" until 1876 when it was revived under the leadership of 8895: 8648: 6212:

Flaherty, Dennis K (October 2011). "The vaccine-autism connection: a public health crisis caused by unethical medical practices and fraudulent science".

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published a detailed investigation of the distortion and misrepresentation of the circumstances surrounding the death of 24-year-old George Watts Jr. by

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Impossible expectations: claiming that anything less than 100% certainty in a scientific claim implies doubt, and that doubt means there is no consensus

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In the United States, many states and local school boards established immunization requirements, beginning with a compulsory school vaccination law in

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as "clear and unambiguous". At the same time, however, the anti-vax movement has partially succeeded in distorting common understandings of science in

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Ideas that would eventually coalesce into anti-vaccine activism have existed for longer than vaccines themselves. Some philosophical approaches (e.g.

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Shifting hypotheses: Continually introducing new theories about vaccines being harmful; moving to new claims when existing ones are shown to be false

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Ozturk, Pinar; Li, Huaye; Sakamoto, Yasuaki (January 2015). "Combating Rumor Spread on Social Media: The Effectiveness of Refutation and Warning".

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In August 2019, an infected passenger on one of the more than 8,000 annual flights between New Zealand and Samoa probably brought the disease from

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asked Hotez to participate in a debate on the podcast. Upon declining the invitation, Hotez was harassed by their fans, with anti-vaccine activist

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Anti-vaccine activism in the 2000s regained prominence through exploratory research based on 12 cases that made claims about a link between the

11002: 10510: 8780: 8696: 8582: 6582: 3097:"Transparency, communication and trust: The role of public communication in responding to the wave of disinformation about the new Coronavirus" 1841:"Anti-vaccine activists, Web 2.0, and the postmodern paradigm – An overview of tactics and tropes used online by the anti-vaccination movement" 7814: 7303: 6343: 3784: 1243:

estimate that the measles vaccination rate in Samoa fell from 74% in 2017 to 34% in 2018, similar to some of the poorest countries in Africa.

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Algorithms that are used to maximize user engagement and profits can lead to unbalanced, poorly sourced, and actively misleading information.

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through vaccination had made the disease so uncommon that compulsory vaccination for smallpox was no longer required in the United Kingdom.

130:, legal, and medical matters related to vaccines), no serious sense of hesitancy or of debate (in the broad sense) exists within mainstream 11042: 11037: 10322: 9762: 9431: 6952: 1187: 1156: 9559: 8606: 6130: 4710:

Citing Edmund Massey, "A Sermon against the Dangerous and Sinful Practice of Inoculation, preached at St. Andrew's Holborn", July 8, 1722.

3648:"In Related News, That Was Wrong: The Correction of Misinformation Through Related Stories Functionality in Social Media: In Related News" 11959: 10358: 8962: 8952: 7213: 1365: 483: 179:

reported that former AVN president Meryl Dorey "claimed she was a victim of hate groups and vested interests" in response to the ruling.

9089: 8750: 4310:"Federal appeals court extends limits on Biden administration communications with social media companies to top US cybersecurity agency" 3023:"Digital public health interventions at scale: The impact of social media advertising on beliefs and outcomes related to COVID vaccines" 1177:

described it as "utterly false" and said that the journal had been deceived. In January 2011, Deer published a series of reports in the

499:(VAERS) is used to gather information on potential vaccine adverse reactions, but is susceptible to unverified reports, misattribution, 9639: 9427: 6070: 1128: 1116: 8576: 5296:. Breconshire Local & Family History Society (BLFHS) Cymdeithas Hanes Lleol a Theuluoedd Brycheiniog Newsletter 70 – October 2017. 10327: 10092: 9128: 9018: 8756: 8464: 4084:"The impact of Facebook's vaccine misinformation policy on user endorsements of vaccine content: An interrupted time series analysis" 5369: 5105: 4595:"Addressing racial/ethnic inequities in vaccine hesitancy and uptake: lessons learned from the California alliance against COVID-19" 3977: 8570: 8374: 7919: 4157: 2822: 3078: 2702: 2131: 11434: 9402: 7435: 7382: 5280: 447:

Targeting China's vaccine: During the pandemic, as retaliation for China's attempts to blame the United States for the pandemic,

32: 11223: 9170: 7607: 7144: 6446: 6373:"BMJ Declares Vaccine-Autism Study 'an Elaborate Fraud', 1998 Lancet Study Not Bad Science but Deliberate Fraud, Claims Journal" 5258: 11052: 9789: 9245: 8826: 8636: 6152:

Di Pietrantonj, Carlo; Rivetti, Alessandro; Marchione, Pasquale; Debalini, Maria Grazia; Demicheli, Vittorio (April 20, 2020).

2245:"Dimensions of Misinformation About the HPV Vaccine on Instagram: Content and Network Analysis of Social Media Characteristics" 943: 496: 8786: 11905: 11833: 10575: 10447: 10439: 10075: 9496: 9463: 9158: 9122: 8856: 8476: 6086: 5567: 5492: 5472: 5449: 5392: 5254: 5227: 5128: 5089: 4928: 4898: 4850: 4689: 3804:"Misinformation and Disinformation: The Potential Disadvantages of Social Media in Infectious Disease and How to Combat Them" 3702: 451: 402: 9059: 1077:

The idea of an autism link was first suggested in the early 1990s and came to public notice largely as a result of the 1998

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Andrew Dickson White (1896). "Chapter X. Theological Opposition To Inoculation, Vaccination, And The Use Of Anaesthetics".

955: 765: 8588: 7405:"Samoa, Fiji and Tonga – Measles outbreak (DG ECHO, WHO, UNICEF and media) (ECHO Daily Flash of 25 November 2019) – Samoa" 6372: 3728:"Use of bot and content flags to limit the spread of misinformation among social networks: a behavior and attitude survey" 11471: 11228: 11154: 11007: 10348: 9733: 9700: 9370: 8684: 5442:

The Antivaccine Heresy: Jacobson v. Massachusetts and the Troubled History of Compulsory Vaccination in the United States

3647: 2748: 1902: 1435: 991: 959: 869: 710: 170: 10834: 103:, with vaccination of the young receiving pushback, and they have sought to expand beyond niche subgroups into national 11881: 11193: 10826: 10640: 10458: 10373: 9524: 9468: 8883: 8624: 7980: 5223: 4423:"How We Achieved More Equitable Vaccine Distribution: Social Vulnerability Analytics Are Necessary, But Not Sufficient" 2948: 1460: 1235:

months, despite advice from the WHO. The incident caused many Samoan residents to lose trust in the healthcare system.

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found that Wakefield, the author of the original research paper linking the vaccine to autism, had multiple undeclared

681: 9240: 9077: 7586: 7098: 6100: 4741: 2823:"A prominent vaccine scientist says he was 'stalked' in front of home after Joe Rogan Twitter exchange | CNN Business" 11293: 10468: 9982: 9423: 9286: 8738: 8612: 8058: 7998:"Excess Death Rates for Republican and Democratic Registered Voters in Florida and Ohio During the COVID-19 Pandemic" 5293: 5012: 4954: 3305:"The Prevalence, Features, Influencing Factors, and Solutions for COVID-19 Vaccine Misinformation: Systematic Review" 1925: 1329: 908:"Death the Vaccinator", published by the London Society for the Abolition of Compulsory Vaccination in the late 1800s 532:'s Digital Forensic Research Lab and the social media analytics firm Graphika. Researchers emphasized that they have 6925:"Andrew Wakefield, Father of the Anti-Vaccine Movement, Responds to the Current Measles Outbreak for the First Time" 5761: 668:

In 2023, however, state governments that were politically aligned with anti-vaccine activists successfully sought a

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Selective cherry-picking: using obscure or debunked sources while ignoring counter-evidence and scientific consensus

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With the growing anti-vaccine movement from the 2010s onwards, the United States has seen a resurgence of certain

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In some instances, anti-vaccine organizations have used names intended to sound non-partisan on the issue: e.g.

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Lewandowsky, Stephan; Ecker, Ullrich K. H.; Seifert, Colleen M.; Schwarz, Norbert; Cook, John (December 2012).

2668: 2565:"The political economy of digital profiteering: communication resource mobilization by anti-vaccination actors" 1440: 1150:, had manipulated evidence, and had broken other ethical codes. After a subsequent 2.5-year investigation, the 1120: 1062:

is that there is no link between the MMR vaccine and autism, and that the MMR vaccine's benefits in preventing

7938: 2966:"The History and Current Killings of Polio Vaccinators in Pakistan: A Need for Targeted Surveillance Strategy" 11954: 11337: 11047: 10480: 10393: 10254: 10244: 10163: 8225: 7752: 5537: 4886: 558: 517: 7997: 6672: 2471: 745:) are incompatible with the microbiological paradigm that explains how the immune system and vaccines work. 10620: 10580: 10388: 9865: 9832: 9827: 9706: 9584: 9274: 8850: 8600: 8179: 8051: 7375:"National Emergency Operation Centre, update on the measles outbreak: (press release 36) 22 December, 2019" 3609:

Tay, Li Qian; Lewandowsky, Stephan; Hurlstone, Mark J.; Kurz, Tim; Ecker, Ullrich K. H. (October 5, 2023).

2902: 1212: 1111:, resulting in deaths and serious permanent injuries. Following the initial claims in 1998, multiple large 769: 654: 118:

alongside outright disinformation and misinformation have been spread by the anti-vaccination movement and

4576:"Addressing the Social Determinants of Health May Help Increase COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake | Urban Institute" 4083: 10784: 10757: 10418: 10413: 10341: 10188: 9777: 9738: 9539: 9392: 8817: 8774: 8387: 8383: 8346: 8083: 5306: 1966: 1228: 777: 10274: 8889: 7896: 7266: 11964: 11949: 11459: 10901: 10884: 10630: 10332: 9767: 8444: 5424:"Contemporary debates on vaccination policies have historical parallels in Ransom Center's collections" 3802:

Desai, Angel N; Ruidera, Diandra; Steinbrink, Julie M; Granwehr, Bruno; Lee, Dong Heun (May 15, 2022).

918: 904: 833: 662: 8558: 8379: 1840: 415:

A number of specific disinformation tactics have been noted in anti-vaccination messaging, including:

11509: 10476: 10128: 9875: 9817: 9579: 8874: 8809: 8654: 8500: 8331: 8255: 6475: 5178: 4329:"Supreme Court lifts restrictions on Biden administration communications with social media companies" 3364:"Evaluating the Impact of Attempts to Correct Health Misinformation on Social Media: A Meta-Analysis" 2903:"In 'Deadly Rise of Anti-Science,' vaccine researcher Peter Hotez sounds the alarm on science denial" 2398: 1504:"The "anti-vax" movement: a quantitative report on vaccine beliefs and knowledge across social media" 1348:

died in 2022 from the COVID-19 vaccine, while in actuality it was a drug overdose. In December 2023,

1285: 1240: 891: 395: 134:

circles about the benefits of vaccination. One scholarly article from 2021 has described the present

7428:"National Emergency Operation Centre, update on the measles outbreak: (press release 23) 9 December" 6590: 4800: 4786:

Noble M (December 2005). "Ethics in the trenches: a multifaceted analysis of the stem cell debate".

4139:"Misinformation 'superspreaders': Covid vaccine falsehoods still thriving on Facebook and Instagram" 1650:"Vaccine Hesitancy, Acceptance, and Anti-Vaccination: Trends and Future Prospects for Public Health" 544:"chilling effect" through increased time demands, legal costs and online harassment of researchers. 11464: 11429: 11424: 11419: 10570: 10176: 9860: 9754: 9659: 9596: 9407: 9296: 9264: 9134: 8918: 8702: 8494: 8277: 8260: 7295: 6398:

Poland GA, Jacobson RM (January 13, 2011). "The age-old struggle against the antivaccinationists".

5792: 4705: 3419:"Evaluation of a template for countering misinformation—Real-world Autism treatment myth debunking" 791:, noting that even then false accounts were circulated of negative effects of vaccination, wrote, 761: 525: 474: 7869:"Social media post claims without evidence Foo Fighters drummer Taylor Hawkins died from COVID-19" 6037: 5585:

Vaccinating Britain: Mass vaccination and the public since the Second World War [Internet]

4353:"An iterative algorithm for optimizing COVID-19 vaccination strategies considering unknown supply" 676:

from seeking to pressure social media companies into fighting misinformation. The order issued by

554: 11910: 11843: 11824: 11620: 11592: 11554: 11549: 11529: 11057: 10714: 10708: 10408: 10284: 9895: 9890: 9870: 9784: 9453: 9397: 9363: 9252: 8832: 8708: 8356: 8209: 8134: 6126: 5174:"The Politics of Prevention: Anti-Vaccinationism and Public Health in Nineteenth-Century England" 3978:"Whistleblower says Facebook routinely chose 'profit over safety' when it came to misinformation" 2849:"Vaccine specialist Peter Hotez: scientists are 'under attack for someone else's political gain'" 1586:"Confronting the evolution and expansion of anti-vaccine activism in the USA in the COVID-19 era" 1480: 1337: 1272: 1179: 1174: 1151: 1132: 1049: 157: 48: 8762: 8666: 444:, and threats, to offline activities such as legal actions, targeting of employers, and violence 11891: 11820: 10819: 10752: 10615: 9485: 9375: 9358: 8714: 8630: 8564: 8470: 8405: 8235: 8002: 6058: 4795: 4509:

Dada, Debbie; Djiometio, Joseph Nguemo; McFadden, SarahAnn M.; et al. (February 1, 2022).

3859:

Kozyreva, Anastasia; Herzog, Stefan M.; Lewandowsky, Stephan; et al. (February 14, 2023).

2769: 1475: 1465: 1055: 1023: 669: 359: 80: 9812: 5506:"School Vaccination Wars: The Rise of Anti-Science in the American Anti-Vaccination Societies" 4421:

Fressin, Francois; Wen, Amy; Shukla, Samta; Mok, Kelly; Chaguturu, Sreekanth (July 23, 2021).

2430: 11886: 11720: 11715: 11171: 11117: 11027: 10224: 10080: 9743: 9448: 9443: 9382: 9164: 9006: 8868: 8838: 8678: 8458: 8452: 7753:"Right-Wingers Are Exploiting Damar Hamlin's Medical Emergency to Push Anti-Vax Conspiracies" 6066: 5602:

Di Pietrantonj, C; Rivetti, A; Marchione, P; Debalini, MG; Demicheli, V (November 22, 2021).

4003:"Doomscrolling and negativity bias: The way we consume news may be detrimental to our health" 3131:"Systematic Literature Review on the Spread of Health-related Misinformation on Social Media" 1666: 1649: 1450: 1353: 1147: 1124: 841: 658: 468: 283: 84: 9104: 7427: 7374: 1696:

the scientific and medical consensus on the benefits of vaccination is clear and unambiguous

11769: 11710: 11501: 11144: 11022: 10973: 10940: 10874: 10666: 10661: 10551: 10289: 10143: 10085: 10052: 9837: 9475: 9438: 9215: 9068: 8230: 7697: 4955:"Childhood vaccination requirements: Lessons from history, Mississippi, and a path forward" 4757:

Bazin H (September 2001). "The ethics of vaccine usage in society: lessons from the past".

4679: 4656: 4511:"Strategies That Promote Equity in COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake for Black Communities: a Review" 4364: 3872: 3523: 3430: 3034: 2860: 2169: 2156:

Johnson, Neil F.; Velásquez, Nicolas; Restrepo, Nicholas Johnson; et al. (June 2020).

2020: 1894: 1059: 1032: 1004: 877: 773: 673: 388: 369: 189: 135: 2964:

Wahid, Braira; Kumari, Babita; Saifullah, Khaled Mohammed; Idrees, Muhammad (March 2023).

572:

tweeted his concerns about Robert F. Kennedy Jr. sharing misinformation about vaccines on

8: 11692: 11658: 11544: 11367: 11310: 11305: 11256: 11087: 10955: 10927: 10879: 10625: 9676: 9353: 9210: 9205: 8930: 8768: 8506: 8145: 7819: 7531: 7506: 7129:"Samoa's perfect storm: How a collapse in vaccination rates killed more than 70 children" 5805: 4453:

Schmitzberger, Florian F.; Scott, Kirstin W.; Nham, Wilson; et al. (June 30, 2022).

3362:

Walter, Nathan; Brooks, John J.; Saucier, Camille J.; Suresh, Sapna (November 10, 2021).

2753: 2733: 1470: 1099:

disorders. The paper was retracted in 2010 but is still cited by anti-vaccine activists.

967: 939: 872:

was founded in 1879, after a visit to the United States by British anti-vaccine activist

521: 467:

Information is more likely to be believed after repeated exposure. Disinformers use this

11362: 11107: 8024: 7701: 4652:"Meet the Black Physicians Bringing Covid Vaccines to Hard-Hit Philadelphia Communities" 4368: 3876: 3527: 3434: 3038: 2990: 2965: 2864: 2589: 2173: 2024: 1223:

Vaccine hesitancy led to declining rates of vaccination for measles, culminating in the

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AuYoung, Mona; Rodriguez Espinosa, Patricia; Chen, Wei-ting; et al. (April 2023).

4556: 4543: 4510: 4479: 4454: 4395: 4352: 4201: 4176: 4119: 3901: 3860: 3836: 3803: 3760: 3708: 3667: 3628: 3554: 3511: 3461: 3418: 3399: 3339: 3304: 3285: 3220: 3187: 3186:

Stolle, Lucas B.; Nalamasu, Rohit; Pergolizzi, Joseph V.; et al. (November 2020).

3163: 3130: 3055: 3022: 3003: 2884: 2770:"Zachránil tisícky životov, antivaxeri sa mu vyhrážali smrťou. Zomrel Vladimír Krčméry" 2707: 2645: 2620: 2542: 2452: 2411: 2347: 2334: 2271: 2244: 2203: 2100: 2051: 2008: 1876: 1802: 1745: 1712: 1687: 1618: 1585: 1538: 1503: 1204: 979: 615: 374: 10193: 9900: 7843:"Bronny James' Collapse Caused by Heart Defect; Confidence He'll Return to Basketball" 6564: 6539: 6256: 5051:"Philip Hoare: When you play virtual war games, spare a thought for the real veterans" 4770: 4434: 3861:"Resolving content moderation dilemmas between free speech and harmful misinformation" 2075: 2007:

Zollo, Fabiana; Bessi, Alessandro; Vicario, Michela Del; et al. (July 24, 2017).

1601: 11848: 11815: 11648: 11489: 11379: 11273: 11134: 10959: 10922: 10812: 10264: 10234: 9822: 9680: 9611: 9343: 8240: 8074: 8029: 7976: 7733: 7715: 7666: 7648: 7322: 7190: 7136: 7128: 7008: 7000: 6886: 6835: 6760: 6721: 6415: 6229: 6191: 6173: 6092: 6082: 6015: 5966: 5917: 5899: 5858: 5840: 5735: 5727: 5676: 5668: 5633: 5563: 5488: 5468: 5445: 5388: 5338: 5205: 5124: 5085: 5018: 5008: 4977: 4924: 4894: 4846: 4813: 4774: 4685: 4636: 4624: 4560: 4548: 4530: 4484: 4466: 4400: 4382: 4206: 4123: 4111: 4103: 3924: 3906: 3888: 3841: 3823: 3765: 3747: 3698: 3671: 3632: 3559: 3541: 3466: 3448: 3403: 3391: 3383: 3344: 3326: 3289: 3277: 3269: 3225: 3207: 3168: 3150: 3060: 3007: 2995: 2944: 2888: 2876: 2848: 2650: 2594: 2546: 2534: 2526: 2456: 2435: 2415: 2403: 2372:"The psychological drivers of misinformation belief and its resistance to correction" 2351: 2339: 2276: 2207: 2195: 2187: 2105: 2056: 2038: 1989: 1868: 1860: 1806: 1794: 1750: 1732: 1691: 1679: 1671: 1623: 1605: 1543: 1525: 1278: 983: 845: 746: 648: 639: 604: 537: 479: 354: 321: 311: 241: 202:

Ignoring corrections, even when an initial report or data point is shown to be false.

115: 76: 72: 37: 11794: 8128: 8015: 7411:. UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA). November 25, 2019. 7020: 6847: 6772: 6427: 6306: 6241: 5747: 5688: 5350: 5281:"The Anti-Vaccination Society of America: Correspondence | History of Vaccines" 5106:"Rothery, Mary Catherine Hume (1824–1885), campaigner for medical reform and author" 4825: 4351:

Bicher, Martin; Rippinger, Claire; Zechmeister, Melanie; et al. (May 2, 2022).

4056:"Facebook announces anti-vaxx crackdown, will block ads with vaccine misinformation" 3146: 3129:

Wang, Yuxi; McKee, Martin; Torbica, Aleksandra; Stuckler, David (November 1, 2019).

3021:

Athey, Susan; Grabarz, Kristen; Luca, Michael; Wernerfelt, Nils (January 26, 2023).

2370:

Ecker, Ullrich K. H.; Lewandowsky, Stephan; Cook, John; et al. (January 2022).

1880: 99:. Activists have primarily (though far from entirely) focused on issues surrounding 11774: 11759: 11615: 11476: 11389: 10735: 10353: 10148: 9885: 9880: 9671: 9654: 9634: 9529: 9279: 8314: 8250: 8141: 8019: 8011: 7723: 7705: 7656: 7640: 7612: 7527:"Anti-vaxxers block-book appointments to stop people getting life-saving Covid jab" 7482:"Anti-vaxxers trying to disrupt Australian rollout by making fake vaccine bookings" 7072: 6992: 6876: 6827: 6752: 6711: 6559: 6551: 6407: 6294: 6221: 6181: 6169: 6165: 6074: 6005: 5997: 5956: 5948: 5907: 5889: 5848: 5830: 5719: 5660: 5623: 5619: 5615: 5517: 5380: 5328: 5320: 5195: 5187: 5116: 5026: 4969: 4865: 4805: 4766: 4614: 4606: 4538: 4522: 4474: 4430: 4390: 4372: 4196: 4188: 4095: 3896: 3880: 3831: 3815: 3755: 3739: 3712: 3690: 3659: 3618: 3549: 3531: 3456: 3438: 3375: 3334: 3316: 3259: 3215: 3199: 3158: 3142: 3050: 3042: 2985: 2977: 2868: 2640: 2632: 2584: 2576: 2516: 2444: 2393: 2383: 2329: 2321: 2266: 2256: 2177: 2095: 2087: 2046: 2028: 1981: 1852: 1784: 1773:"Using big data to understand the online ecology of COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy" 1740: 1724: 1661: 1613: 1597: 1533: 1515: 1333: 1317: 1136: 1082: 935: 848:

and the Rev. W. Hume-Rothery. The Anti-Compulsory Vaccination League published the

837: 788: 562: 533: 529: 331: 301: 11315: 7183:"'These babies should not have died': How the measles outbreak took hold in Samoa" 5409: 5145: 4973: 4455:"Identifying Strategies to Boost COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance in the United States" 4192: 4099: 4030:"'Disinformation is a business': media execs explore how to demonetize falsehoods" 3417:

Paynter, Jessica; Luskin-Saxby, Sarah; Keen, Deb; et al. (January 30, 2019).

3379: 2729:"Analysis | GOP legal attacks create a chilling effect on misinformation research" 2636: 2563:

Herasimenka, Aliaksandr; Au, Yung; George, Anna; et al. (December 24, 2022).

2505:"Misinformation: susceptibility, spread, and interventions to immunize the public" 1856: 490: 11779: 11577: 11384: 11342: 11233: 11213: 11183: 11166: 11092: 11082: 11012: 10951: 10947: 10896: 10725: 10656: 10635: 10423: 10403: 10133: 10032: 9847: 8924: 8844: 8732: 8364: 8309: 7710: 7568:"How COVID-conspiracists and anti-vaxxers are getting organised and making money" 7502:"Facebook removes anti-vaxxer group encouraging public to make fake appointments" 6001: 5894: 4918: 4377: 3443: 3248:"Misinformation and Its Correction: Continued Influence and Successful Debiasing" 2797:"COVID-19 expert Peter Hotez harassed outside his home by anti-vaccine advocates" 2132:"Peter Hotez is not alone: Online harassment of doctors is a public health issue" 2033: 1413: 1399: 1301: 1096: 813: 139: 122:

doctors in a way that has significantly increased vaccine hesitancy (and altered

88: 8996: 7686:"Medical disinformation and the unviable nature of COVID-19 conspiracy theories" 7459:"Decorated with butterflies, infant-sized coffins sent to measles-ravaged Samoa" 6862: 6813: 6740: 6699: 6644: 6613: 6059:

Institute of Medicine (US) Immunization Safety Review Committee (May 17, 2004).

5952: 5583: 4742:"Theological opposition to inoculation, vaccination, and the use of anæsthetics" 3582:"Social media must balance 'right of free speech' with audience 'right to know'" 3363: 1648:

Dubé, Ève; Ward, Jeremy K.; Verger, Pierre; MacDonald, Noni E. (April 1, 2021).

11916: 11643: 11534: 11494: 11374: 11200: 11139: 10779: 10747: 10742: 10138: 9723: 9571: 9257: 9235: 8792: 8204: 8184: 5384: 5120: 4610: 4526: 3865:

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

3743: 3203: 2872: 2521: 2504: 2388: 2371: 1789: 1772: 1520: 1427: 1385: 1345: 1288: 1015: 926: 809: 500: 349: 119: 7644: 6555: 6282: 5191: 4809: 4721: 4175:

Jamison, Amelia M.; Broniatowski, David A.; Dredze, Mark; et al. (2020).

2981: 2325: 2182: 2157: 419:

Conspiracies theories alleging lies, trickery, cover-ups, and secret knowledge

11943: 11799: 11784: 11754: 11749: 11604: 11357: 11352: 11261: 10906: 10671: 10042: 9807: 9310: 8544: 8194: 8189: 7719: 7652: 7194: 7160:"Samoa measles outbreak: WHO blames anti-vaccine scare as death toll hits 39" 7140: 7004: 6177: 6036:. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. August 22, 2008. Archived from 5903: 5844: 5731: 5672: 5022: 4534: 4470: 4386: 4107: 3892: 3827: 3751: 3727: 3545: 3452: 3387: 3330: 3273: 3264: 3247: 3211: 3154: 2530: 2407: 2191: 2042: 1985: 1864: 1798: 1736: 1728: 1675: 1609: 1584:

Carpiano, Richard M; Callaghan, Timothy; DiResta, Renee; et al. (2023).

1529: 1227:. The most significant of these in proportion to national population was the 1112: 1028: 899: 865: 784: 721: 326: 306: 278: 123: 11161: 9686: 7954:"Purebloods: The Anti-Semitism and White Supremacy of the Anti-Vax Movement" 6906:"How disgraced anti-vaxxer Andrew Wakefield was embraced by Trump's America" 6787: 4997:"Review: The Anti-Vaccination Movement in England, 1853–1907. Nadja Durbach" 4225:"Majority of anti-vaxx ads on Facebook are funded by just two organizations" 3884: 3536: 3046: 2703:"G.O.P. Targets Researchers Who Study Disinformation Ahead of 2024 Election" 2448: 1304:, there was an increase in rhetoric and disinformation from figures such as 962:

was elected as president. In 1898, the league took on a school leaver named

11876: 11519: 11414: 11347: 11288: 10968: 10859: 10839: 10789: 10433: 10017: 9992: 9972: 9799: 9728: 9718: 9644: 9619: 9566: 9417: 8947: 8415: 8397: 8336: 8159: 8033: 7737: 7670: 7486: 7012: 6890: 6839: 6764: 6725: 6419: 6233: 6195: 6096: 6019: 5970: 5921: 5862: 5739: 5703: 5680: 5637: 5560:

State of Immunity: The Politics of Vaccination in Twentieth-Century America

5465:

State of Immunity: The Politics of Vaccination in Twentieth-Century America

5342: 4981: 4817: 4778: 4749: 4628: 4552: 4488: 4404: 4229: 4210: 4115: 3910: 3845: 3769: 3694: 3563: 3486:"3. Misinformation and competing views of reality abounded throughout 2020" 3470: 3395: 3348: 3281: 3229: 3172: 3064: 2999: 2880: 2654: 2598: 2538: 2343: 2280: 2199: 2109: 2060: 1993: 1872: 1754: 1683: 1627: 1547: 1341: 1325: 1321: 1305: 1297: 987: 873: 504: 448: 9305: 7628: 7055:"Anti-vaccine activists spark a state's worst measles outbreak in decades" 6981:"Measles outbreak in Somali American community follows anti-vaccine talks" 6523: 5324: 5209: 4291:"Instagram reinstates Robert Kennedy Jr. after launch of presidential bid" 3819: 3785:"How should social media platforms combat misinformation and hate speech?" 2580: 11663: 11653: 11514: 11320: 11208: 11176: 11102: 10964: 10855: 10847: 10772: 9772: 9624: 9028: 8410: 8341: 8265: 8112: 7267:"Samoa: WHO and UNICEF estimates of immunization coverage: 2018 revision" 6411: 3951: 3623: 2621:"Safety monitoring in the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS)" 1361: 1309: 753: 569: 316: 263: 249: 226: 68: 6322:"Brian Deer: Piltdown medicine: The missing link between MMR and autism" 5835: 3303:

Zhao, Sihong; Hu, Simeng; Zhou, Xiaoyu; et al. (January 11, 2023).

2472:"Pentagon ran secret anti-vax campaign to incite fear of China vaccines" 2091: 1407: 1166:

paper was partially retracted in 2004 and fully retracted in 2010, when

11789: 11764: 11454: 11404: 10762: 10590: 10585: 10057: 9629: 9230: 9225: 9047: 8392: 8154: 8122: 5522: 5505: 4870:

Practical Observations on Vaccination, Or, Inoculation for the Cow-pock

3663: 1945:"For Some Anti-Vaccine Advocates, Misinformation Is Part Of A Business" 1195: 1191: 1143: 1087: 1011: 738: 581: 268: 212: 92: 8043: 6996: 6881: 6831: 6756: 6716: 6496: 6225: 6151: 5664: 5601: 3726:

Lanius, Candice; Weber, Ryan; MacKenzie, William I. (March 12, 2021).

3103:. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. July 3, 2020 2564: 2222: 11838: 11409: 11282: 10851: 10767: 10607: 10500: 10110: 9962: 8420: 8245: 8174: 8164: 5817:

Hussain, Azhar; Ali, Syed; Ahmed, Madiha; Hussain, Sheharyar (2018).

5723: 4174: 4060: 963: 577: 573: 455: 41: 7996:

Wallace, Jacob; Goldsmith-Pinkham, Paul; Schwartz, Jason L. (2023).

7346: 7237:"Samoan government takes drastic measures to fight measles outbreak" 6980: 6298: 4254:"Majority of anti-vaccine ads on Facebook were funded by two groups" 2307:"Fake news and science denier attacks on vaccines. What can you do?" 2243:

Massey, PM; Kearney, MD; Hauer, MK; et al. (December 3, 2020).

11680: 11673: 11668: 11638: 11394: 11330: 11325: 10216: 8272: 8169: 6957: 6929: 6863:"Wakefield's article linking MMR vaccine and autism was fraudulent" 6814:"Wakefield's article linking MMR vaccine and autism was fraudulent" 6649: 6348: 6078: 4920:

Bodily Matters: The Anti-Vaccination Movement in England, 1853–1907

4592: 2619:

Shimabukuro, TT; Nguyen, M; Martin, D; DeStefano, F (August 2015).

2130:

Pendergrast, Tricia; Royan, Regina; Arora, Vineet (June 23, 2023).

1247: 832:

Notable members of the Anti-Compulsory Vaccination League included

826: 757: 742: 206: 175: 131: 104: 100: 96: 3321: 2261: 1421: 557:

was a prominent member of the government advisory team during the

422:

Messages crafted for psychological appeal rather than truthfulness

225:

For example, a 2020 study examined Instagram posts related to the

11399: 10843: 9315: 9301: 8549: 8369: 8199: 7815:"False: Damar Hamlin collapsed due to COVID-19 vaccine poisoning" 6867: 6818: 6443:"Healthwatch: Disputed autism study sparks debate about vaccines" 6154:"Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children" 5604:"Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children" 5311: 5082:

Independent Spirits Spiritualism and English Plebeians, 1850–1910

4158:"How anti-vaccine groups are camouflaging themselves on Facebook" 3611:"A focus shift in the evaluation of misinformation interventions" 2562: 2476: 1255: 1104: 1092: 1071: 1063: 273: 111: 7995: 6953:"Doctor blames discredited autism research for measles outbreak" 5819:"The Anti-vaccination Movement: A Regression in Modern Medicine" 4746:

A History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom

4723:

A History Of The Warfare Of Science With Theology In Christendom

4681:

Vaccine Wars: The Two-Hundred Year Fight for School Vaccinations

3858: 3185: 2922:"Anti-Science Views Are Literally Killing Us, Peter Hotez Warns" 2618: 2158:"The online competition between pro- and anti-vaccination views" 1159:, meaning he could no longer practise as a physician in the UK. 925:

and after his death in 1885, he was succeeded by Alfred Milnes.

11702: 11687: 10978: 10556: 9480: 7099:"Ministry of Health Press Release 1 – Measles Epidemic – Samoa" 1236: 978:

In 1908, the Anti-Vaccination League of America was created by

491:

Misrepresentation of the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System

441: 127: 7181:

Jackson, Lagipoiva Cherelle; Lyons, Kate (December 17, 2019).

5485:

Vaccination in America: Medical Science and Children's Welfare

4350: 3952:"Social Media, Free Speech, and the Scourge of Misinformation" 3801: 3416: 3245: 1583: 1336:; it was later revealed that the episode had been caused by a 1332:, leading to assertions that this was a result of receiving a 1010:

New vaccines were developed and used against diseases such as

966:, who was elected as the league's Secretary by 1909. In 1906, 603:

Various efforts have been suggested and undertaken to address

11697: 11582: 11188: 11122: 10730: 10428: 8117: 7036:"Understanding The History Behind Communities' Vaccine Fears" 6376: 4452: 4082:

Gu, Jiayan; Dor, Avi; Li, Kun; et al. (March 25, 2022).

2749:"Misinformation research is buckling under GOP legal attacks" 2155: 1251: 1108: 1067: 67:, is a set of organized activities proclaiming opposition to 7939:"Unvaccinated TikTokers Are Calling Themselves 'Purebloods'" 7318:"Two more deaths from measles in samoa over new year period" 4887:"Chapter 12 – The rise of anti-vaccine societies in Britain" 3687:

2015 48th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences

1967:"Content and design attributes of antivaccination web sites" 1284:

In some instances, anti-vaccine rhetoric has been traced to

458:

by spreading anti-vaccine misinformation in the Philippines.

440:

Personal attacks on critics, ranging from online criticism,

10997: 7627:

Wilson, Steven Lloyd; Wiysonge, Charles (October 1, 2020).

4508: 3608: 6344:"Link between MMR Vaccines and Autism conclusively broken" 3020: 2963: 2369: 1502:

Benoit, Staci L.; Mauldin, Rachel F. (November 17, 2021).

986:, with anti-vaccination campaigns focused on New York and 900:

London Society for the Abolition of Compulsory Vaccination

7591: 7552: 4333: 3361: 2223:"The Anti-Immunization Activists: A Pattern of Deception" 946:, which was described as the "Mecca of antivaccination". 91:, it has utilized multiple tools both within traditional 7608:"Russian Anti-Vaccine Disinformation Campaign Backfires" 7214:"Anatomy of an epidemic: How measles took hold of Samoa" 6512: 4177:"Vaccine-related advertising in the Facebook Ad Archive" 3128: 2463: 2242: 1895:"Australian Vaccination Network told to change its name" 1771:

Teng, Shasha; Jiang, Nan; Khong, Kok Wei (May 6, 2022).

1115:

studies were undertaken. Reviews of the evidence by the

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The Deadly Rise of Anti-science: A Scientist's Warning

2006: 1320:. In another 2023 incident, college basketball player 859: 589:

The Deadly Rise of Anti-science: A Scientist's Warning

462: 437:

Misrepresentation, false logic and illogical analogies

52:

Rally of the Anti-Vaccination League of Canada in 1919

7920:"Vaccine misinformation spawns 'pure blood' movement" 7259: 6811: 4953:

Cawkwell, Philip B.; Oshinsky, David (October 2015).

3510:

West, Jevin D.; Bergstrom, Carl T. (April 13, 2021).

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Vaccination itself was invented by British physician

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Myers, Steven Lee; Frenkel, Sheera (June 19, 2023).

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United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit

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Johns Hopkins University Press. 2795:Munce, Megan Fan (June 19, 2023). 2727:Starks, Tim (September 25, 2023). 2314:Canada Communicable Disease Report 1324:experienced cardiac arrest at the 1316:about Hamlin's cardiac arrest and 1300:experienced an in-game episode of 974:Anti-Vaccination League of America 804:Anti-Compulsory Vaccination League 682:Supreme Court of the United States 221:Dishonest or fallacious arguments. 192:sold by certain of the activists. 95:and also through various forms of 25: 11976: 11472:Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) 10101:Western-backed Iranian Revolution 9983:Finger-pinching conspiracy theory 9833:Proposed "Islamo-leftism" inquiry 7937:Owen, Tess (September 15, 2021). 7751:Ecarma, Caleb (January 3, 2023). 7127:Deer, Brian (December 20, 2019). 6474:Deer, Brian (February 22, 2004). 5937:"Improving uptake of MMR vaccine" 5249:Karie Youngdahl (March 8, 2012). 4435:10.1377/forefront.20210721.568098 4156:Kennedy, Brigid (July 22, 2021). 4137:Beckett, Lois (January 6, 2021). 3484:Atske, Sara (February 22, 2021). 2821:Maruf, Ramishah (June 19, 2023). 1924:Rainie, Lee (November 26, 2000). 1330:University of Southern California 150: 11861:Alternative vaccination schedule 10836:Artificial induction of immunity 9560:Gas chambers for Poles in Warsaw 9497:Pont-Saint-Esprit mass poisoning 8863:South African Airways Flight 295 7989: 7945: 7930: 7912: 7879: 7860: 7834: 7806: 7775: 7744: 7599: 7578: 7560: 7539: 7518: 7494: 7473: 7397: 7220:. Australian Broadcasting Corp. 7065: 6904:Boseley, Sarah (July 18, 2018). 6779: 6645:"MMR doctor struck off register" 6581:Deer, Brian (February 8, 2009). 6476:"Revealed: MMR research scandal" 6371:Broyd, Nicky (January 6, 2011). 6283:"The fraud behind the MMR scare" 6145: 5869: 5810: 5783:Goldacre, B. 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February 6, 1915. 5367:Kramer, Molly Baer (2004). 5312:The British Medical Journal 1839:Kata, Anna (May 28, 2012). 1371: 1229:2019 Samoa measles outbreak 1225:2019–2020 measles outbreaks 778:Fellow of the Royal Society 638:Criticized for its role in 10: 11981: 10069:Middle East / North Africa 9469:oral polio AIDS hypothesis 9333: 7351:Samoa Bureau of Statistics 6281:Godlee, F (January 2011). 5984:Pepys MB (December 2007). 5440:Walloch, Karen L. (2015). 5084:. 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(2006). 5463:Colgrove, James. (2006). 5192:10.1017/s0025727300048225 2982:10.1177/10105395231158866 2376:Nature Reviews Psychology 2326:10.14745/ccdr.v46i1112a11 2183:10.1038/s41586-020-2281-1 1241:World Health Organization 892:Jacobson v. Massachusetts 876:, and opposed compulsory 655:Children's Health Defense 626:Operation of social media 540:to report their results. 478:published a study of the 11224:Clostridioides difficile 10598:Shakespearean authorship 10576:Shadow government claims 10379:Election denial movement 10275:Lilla Saltsjöbadsavtalet 8727:Diana, Princess of Wales 8278:Psychological projection 8261:Mass psychogenic illness 7971:Hotez, Peter J. (2023). 6589:. London. Archived from 5791:. London. Archived from 5504:Tolley, Kim (May 2019). 5422:Yang, Jennifer. (2014). 3652:Journal of Communication 3265:10.1177/1529100612451018 2939:Hotez, Peter J. (2023). 2569:Journal of Communication 1986:10.1001/jama.287.24.3245 1729:10.1136/bmj.325.7361.430 772:, a medical graduate of 526:University of Washington 475:Journal of Communication 456:Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine 11482:Tick-borne encephalitis 10715:Conspiracy Encyclopedia 10709:Argument from ignorance 10409:Philadelphia Experiment 10028:Avro Arrow cancellation 9853:Denial of mass killings 9535:COVID-19 and xenophobia 9019:Free energy suppression 8210:Urban legends and myths 8135:power behind the throne 5080:Barrow, Logie. (2016). 4917:Durbach, Nadja (2005). 4885:Tizard, Ian R. (2023). 4515:Journal of Urban Health 3885:10.1073/pnas.2210666120 3537:10.1073/pnas.1912444117 3047:10.1073/pnas.2208110120 2449:10.1126/science.1162339 1481:Thiomersal and vaccines 1338:congenital heart defect 1273:COVID-19 misinformation 1180:British Medical Journal 1152:General Medical Council 1133:National Health Service 1050:Lancet MMR autism fraud 1044:Lancet MMR autism fraud 605:concerns about vaccines 158:British Medical Journal 155:In a 2002 paper in the 11892:List of vaccine topics 10892:Mathematical modelling 10753:Historical negationism 10182:Operation Sledgehammer 9948:Cow vigilante violence 9640:during the Black Death 8827:Great Kantō earthquake 8697:GEC-Marconi scientists 8643:Martin Luther King Jr. 8406:Lake Michigan Triangle 8375:Black Knight satellite 8236:Communal reinforcement 8150:Political conspiracies 8003:JAMA Internal Medicine 6524:"The Wakefield factor" 6518:2004 BBC documentary: 5385:10.1093/ref:odnb/50749 5121:10.1093/ref:odnb/49483 3695:10.1109/HICSS.2015.288 3689:. pp. 2406–2414. 1476:MMR vaccine and autism 1466:Vaccine misinformation 1219:2019 measles outbreaks 1056:MMR vaccine and autism 1024:Joseph A. Califano Jr. 909: 797: 670:preliminary injunction 360:Vaccine misinformation 233:Disinformation tactics 215:on individual doctors. 146:Strategies and tactics 73:collaborating networks 53: 45: 11887:Vaccinate Your Family 11338:Japanese encephalitis 10481:Stab-in-the-back myth 10285:Clockwork Orange plot 9813:Bihar human sacrifice 9744:Stab-in-the-back myth 9567:German POWs post-WWII 9449:Germ theory denialism 9444:Electronic harassment 9165:Smolensk air disaster 9129:Oklahoma City bombing 9007:Climate change denial 8803:Accidents / disasters 8739:Nepalese royal family 8226:Attitude polarization 7353:. December 22, 2019. 6067:Institute of Medicine 5325:10.1136/bmj.2.2166.50 5319:(2166): 50–52. 1902. 4752:on February 23, 2023. 4459:Rand Health Quarterly 2909:. September 19, 2023. 2907:WBUR / Here & Now 2757:. September 23, 2023. 1451:Germ theory denialism 1354:Robert F. Kennedy Jr. 1292:conspiracy theories. 1267:Further information: 1148:conflicts of interest 1125:Institute of Medicine 907: 842:Charles Thomas Pearce 819:Our Medical Liberties 793: 733:18th and 19th century 659:Robert F. Kennedy Jr. 469:illusory truth effect 365:Anti-vaccine activism 317:Measles/Mumps/Rubella 284:COVID-19 vaccine card 190:alternative medicines 85:active disinformation 57:Anti-vaccine activism 51: 35: 11955:Autism pseudoscience 11770:John Franklin Enders 10552:Dead Internet theory 10053:Daktari Ranch affair 9838:Trojan Horse scandal 9216:anti-gender movement 9196:Gender and sexuality 9153:Madrid train bombing 9099:Lufthansa Flight 615 8787:Sushant Singh Rajput 8327:Apollo Moon landings 8231:Cognitive dissonance 7900:on December 15, 2023 7465:. New York, NY, US. 6861:Deer, Brian (2011). 6593:on February 27, 2014 6538:Deer, Brian (2004). 6522:Deer, Brian (2007). 6497:"The Lancet scandal" 6495:Deer, Brian (2007). 6412:10.1056/NEJMp1010594 4678:Tolley, Kim (2023). 4657:Smithsonian Magazine 3814:(Suppl 3): e34–e39. 3624:10.37016/mr-2020-124 3368:Health Communication 1060:scientific consensus 1033:Christian Scientists 1005:smallpox eradication 931:Vaccination Inquirer 923:Vaccination Inquirer 915:Vaccination Inquirer 878:smallpox vaccination 774:Edinburgh University 701:Community engagement 674:Biden Administration 370:Vaccine line jumping 136:scientific consensus 97:online communication 10956:Virus-like particle 10880:Vaccine ingredients 10626:Redemption movement 10394:Georgia Guidestones 9677:Cultural Bolshevism 9316:Soy and masculinity 8986:Energy, environment 8890:EgyptAir Flight 990 8631:Lal Bahadur Shastri 8601:Subhas Chandra Bose 8075:Conspiracy theories 7926:. January 25, 2023. 7702:2021PLoSO..1645900G 7532:The Daily Telegraph 7507:The Times of Israel 7326:. January 7, 2020. 6103:on October 26, 2009 5836:10.7759/cureus.2919 5795:on February 6, 2015 5487:. Palgrave. p. 51. 4841:Williams G (2010). 4810:10.1385/SCR:1:4:345 4427:Health Affairs Blog 4369:2022PLoSO..1765957B 4233:. November 14, 2019 3877:2023PNAS..12010666K 3820:10.1093/cid/ciac109 3528:2021PNAS..11812444W 3522:(15): e1912444117. 3435:2019PLoSO..1410746P 3192:Advances in Therapy 3085:. November 3, 2021. 3039:2023PNAS..12008110A 2865:2023Natur.621..681N 2754:The Washington Post 2734:The Washington Post 2675:. February 27, 2019 2581:10.1093/joc/jqac043 2174:2020Natur.582..230J 2092:10.1136/adc.87.1.22 2025:2017PLoSO..1281821Z 1905:. November 25, 2013 1471:Vaccines and autism 968:George Bernard Shaw 940:Peter Alfred Taylor 850:Occasional Circular 522:Stanford University 503:, and inconsistent 258:General information 183:Information quality 116:conspiracy theories 11927:Never to phase III 11726:Hexavalent vaccine 11540:Epstein–Barr virus 11435:Oxford–AstraZeneca 11128:NmVac4-A/C/Y/W-135 10721:Conspiracy fiction 10631:Sovereign citizens 10384:FBI secret society 10369:Clinton body count 10189:Gezi Park protests 10154:Ukraine bioweapons 9953:Greater Bangladesh 9695:Judeo-Masonic plot 9492:Water fluoridation 9459:HIV/AIDS denialism 9206:Alpha / beta males 9105:Widerøe Flight 933 8583:Władysław Sikorski 8322:Ancient astronauts 7892:The New York Times 7300:The New York Times 6751:(jan11 4): c5258. 6710:(jan05 1): c5347. 6133:on January 7, 2013 5523:10.1017/heq.2019.3 5058:. April 20, 2003. 4278:. August 19, 2022. 4009:. October 26, 2020 3871:(7): e2210666120. 3664:10.1111/jcom.12166 3033:(5): e2208110120. 2708:The New York Times 1596:(10380): 967–970. 1350:The New York Times 1205:Tea Party movement 1173:s editor-in-chief 982:and industrialist 980:Charles M. Higgins 910: 375:Vaccine resistance 54: 46: 11965:Activism by issue 11950:Vaccine hesitancy 11937: 11936: 11849:Vaccines and SIDS 11736: 11735: 11510:Hepatitis A and B 11486:Varicella zoster 10948:Subunit/component 10802: 10801: 10798: 10797: 10689: 10688: 10685: 10684: 10667:Birds Aren't Real 10532: 10531: 10528: 10527: 10524: 10523: 10354:Black helicopters 10265:Mano Negra affair 10235:Itavia Flight 870 10172:2016 coup attempt 10076:In the Arab world 10008: 9918: 9917: 9914: 9913: 9906:Serbs during WWII 9823:Great Replacement 9681:Jewish Bolshevism 9597:War against Islam 9576:Product labeling 9545:French Revolution 9505: 9504: 9344:5G misinformation 9324: 9323: 9186: 9185: 9141:advance knowledge 9123:Pan Am Flight 103 9037: 9036: 8975: 8974: 8971: 8970: 8919:Yemenite children 8649:Robert F. Kennedy 8625:Lee Harvey Oswald 8607:Johnny Stompanato 8524: 8523: 8520: 8519: 8516: 8515: 8477:Aztec, New Mexico 8380:Cryptoterrestrial 8290: 8289: 8286: 8285: 8241:Confirmation bias 7633:BMJ Global Health 7514:on April 5, 2021. 7323:Radio New Zealand 6997:10.1136/bmj.j2378 6882:10.1136/bmj.c5347 6832:10.1136/bmj.c7452 6757:10.1136/bmj.c5258 6717:10.1136/bmj.c5347 6352:. January 7, 2011 6324:. BMJ Group Blogs 6226:10.1345/aph.1Q318 6088:978-0-309-09237-1 5990:Clinical Medicine 5665:10.1345/aph.1Q318 5659:(10): 1302–1304. 5568:978-0-520-24749-9 5493:978-3-319-96348-8 5473:978-0-520-24749-9 5450:978-1-58046-537-3 5408:(Subscription or 5394:978-0-19-861412-8 5144:(Subscription or 5130:978-0-19-861412-8 5090:978-1-138-66565-1 4968:(43): 5884–5887. 4930:978-0-8223-3423-1 4900:978-0-443-13434-0 4852:978-0-230-27471-6 4788:Stem Cell Reviews 4740:White AD (1896). 4691:978-1-4214-4761-2 4094:(14): 2209–2214. 3704:978-1-4799-7367-5 3374:(13): 1776–1784. 3198:(11): 4481–4490. 2859:(7980): 681–682. 2801:Houston Chronicle 2631:(36): 4398–4405. 2320:(1112): 432–435. 2168:(7811): 230–233. 1851:(25): 3778–3789. 1723:(7361): 430–432. 1508:BMC Public Health 1318:COVID-19 vaccines 1279:COVID-19 pandemic 1085:and published in 984:John Pitcairn Jr. 942:, the member for 846:Mary Hume-Rothery 747:Vaccine hesitancy 640:vaccine hesitancy 538:freedom of speech 480:political economy 413: 412: 355:Vaccine hesitancy 165:Misrepresentation 105:political debates 79:by disseminating 77:vaccine hesitancy 38:Tea Party Express 16:(Redirected from 11972: 11828:MMR autism fraud 11775:Maurice Hilleman 11760:Hilary Koprowski 11073: 11072: 10829: 10822: 10815: 10806: 10805: 10736:pseudoskepticism 10695: 10694: 10604: 10603: 10538: 10537: 10489: 10488: 10374:Cultural Marxism 10006: 9935: 9934: 9924: 9923: 9724:Killing of Jesus 9672:Committee of 300 9655:Holocaust denial 9608: 9607: 9592:Tartarian Empire 9562: 9553: 9530:CERN ritual hoax 9525:Bhagwa Love Trap 9511: 9510: 9464:origins theories 9349:Anti-vaccination 9330: 9329: 9280:Transvestigation 9192: 9191: 9043: 9042: 8981: 8980: 8941:Body double hoax 8775:Alejandro Castro 8673:Pope John Paul I 8655:Salvador Allende 8589:Benito Mussolini 8541: 8540: 8530: 8529: 8483:Southern England 8441: 8440: 8384:Extraterrestrial 8353: 8352: 8315:Nibiru cataclysm 8296: 8295: 8251:Locus of control 8205:Secret societies 8103: 8102: 8092: 8091: 8068: 8061: 8054: 8045: 8044: 8038: 8037: 8027: 7993: 7987: 7986: 7968: 7962: 7961: 7949: 7943: 7942: 7934: 7928: 7927: 7916: 7910: 7909: 7907: 7905: 7899: 7894:. Archived from 7883: 7877: 7876: 7864: 7858: 7857: 7855: 7853: 7841:Polacek, Scott. 7838: 7832: 7831: 7829: 7827: 7810: 7804: 7803: 7801: 7799: 7779: 7773: 7772: 7770: 7768: 7748: 7742: 7741: 7731: 7713: 7681: 7675: 7674: 7664: 7624: 7618: 7617: 7613:Voice of America 7603: 7597: 7596: 7582: 7576: 7575: 7564: 7558: 7557: 7543: 7537: 7536: 7522: 7516: 7515: 7498: 7492: 7491: 7477: 7471: 7470: 7454: 7448: 7447: 7445: 7443: 7423: 7417: 7416: 7401: 7395: 7394: 7392: 7390: 7370: 7359: 7358: 7343: 7332: 7331: 7314: 7308: 7307: 7291: 7285: 7284: 7282: 7271: 7263: 7257: 7256: 7254: 7252: 7232: 7226: 7225: 7209: 7203: 7202: 7178: 7172: 7171: 7155: 7149: 7148: 7124: 7111: 7110: 7095: 7089: 7088: 7086: 7084: 7079:. 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Archived from 6056: 6050: 6049: 6047: 6045: 6040:on April 7, 2008 6030: 6024: 6023: 6013: 5981: 5975: 5974: 5964: 5947:(7647): 729–30. 5932: 5926: 5925: 5915: 5897: 5873: 5867: 5866: 5856: 5838: 5814: 5808: 5804: 5802: 5800: 5780: 5774: 5773: 5771: 5769: 5758: 5752: 5751: 5724:10.1136/bmj.c696 5699: 5693: 5692: 5648: 5642: 5641: 5631: 5614:(11): CD004407. 5599: 5590: 5589: 5579: 5570: 5556: 5550: 5549: 5534: 5528: 5527: 5525: 5501: 5495: 5481: 5475: 5461: 5452: 5438: 5427: 5420: 5414: 5413: 5405: 5403: 5401: 5372: 5364: 5355: 5354: 5336: 5303: 5297: 5291: 5285: 5284: 5277: 5271: 5270: 5268: 5266: 5261:on March 2, 2015 5257:. 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Kennedy 8565:Louis Le Prince 8548: 8535: 8512: 8439: 8365:Alien abduction 8351: 8310:2012 phenomenon 8301: 8282: 8214: 8097: 8086: 8077: 8072: 8042: 8041: 7994: 7990: 7983: 7969: 7965: 7950: 7946: 7935: 7931: 7918: 7917: 7913: 7903: 7901: 7884: 7880: 7865: 7861: 7851: 7849: 7847:Bleacher Report 7839: 7835: 7825: 7823: 7811: 7807: 7797: 7795: 7780: 7776: 7766: 7764: 7749: 7745: 7696:(3): e0245900. 7682: 7678: 7639:(10): e004206. 7625: 7621: 7604: 7600: 7583: 7579: 7566: 7565: 7561: 7544: 7540: 7523: 7519: 7500: 7499: 7495: 7478: 7474: 7455: 7451: 7441: 7439: 7424: 7420: 7403: 7402: 7398: 7388: 7386: 7371: 7362: 7345: 7344: 7335: 7316: 7315: 7311: 7292: 7288: 7280: 7269: 7265: 7264: 7260: 7250: 7248: 7233: 7229: 7210: 7206: 7179: 7175: 7156: 7152: 7125: 7114: 7097: 7096: 7092: 7082: 7080: 7071: 7070: 7066: 7059:Washington Post 7051: 7047: 7032: 7028: 6977: 6973: 6963: 6961: 6949: 6945: 6935: 6933: 6921: 6917: 6902: 6898: 6859: 6855: 6810: 6806: 6796: 6794: 6784: 6780: 6737: 6733: 6698:Deer B (2011). 6696: 6692: 6682: 6680: 6669: 6665: 6655: 6653: 6641: 6637: 6627: 6625: 6610: 6606: 6596: 6594: 6579: 6575: 6528: 6526: 6517: 6513: 6501: 6499: 6485: 6483: 6466: 6462: 6452: 6450: 6439: 6435: 6396: 6392: 6382: 6380: 6369: 6365: 6355: 6353: 6342: 6341: 6337: 6327: 6325: 6318: 6314: 6299:10.1136/bmj.d22 6279: 6275: 6265: 6263: 6253: 6249: 6210: 6203: 6164:(4): CD004407. 6150: 6146: 6136: 6134: 6123:"MMR The facts" 6121: 6120: 6116: 6106: 6104: 6089: 6057: 6053: 6043: 6041: 6032: 6031: 6027: 5982: 5978: 5933: 5929: 5888:(5): e1000114. 5874: 5870: 5815: 5811: 5798: 5796: 5781: 5777: 5767: 5765: 5760: 5759: 5755: 5700: 5696: 5649: 5645: 5600: 5593: 5580: 5573: 5557: 5553: 5536: 5535: 5531: 5502: 5498: 5482: 5478: 5462: 5455: 5439: 5430: 5421: 5417: 5407: 5399: 5397: 5395: 5365: 5358: 5305: 5304: 5300: 5292: 5288: 5279: 5278: 5274: 5264: 5262: 5247: 5243: 5233: 5231: 5230:. March 8, 2012 5222: 5221: 5217: 5179:Medical History 5170: 5153: 5143: 5135: 5133: 5131: 5103: 5102: 5095: 5079: 5075: 5065: 5063: 5056:The Independent 5048: 5047: 5040: 5015: 4993: 4989: 4957: 4951: 4938: 4931: 4915: 4908: 4901: 4883: 4876: 4872:(1802), p. 125. 4864: 4860: 4853: 4839: 4835: 4801:10.1.1.465.2410 4735: 4731: 4718: 4714: 4704: 4703: 4699: 4692: 4676: 4672: 4662: 4660: 4648: 4644: 4591: 4587: 4580:Urban Institute 4572: 4568: 4507: 4496: 4451: 4442: 4419: 4412: 4363:(5): e0265957. 4349: 4342: 4325: 4321: 4306: 4302: 4295:Washington Post 4287: 4283: 4270: 4269: 4265: 4258:Washington Post 4250: 4246: 4236: 4234: 4223: 4222: 4218: 4173: 4169: 4154: 4150: 4135: 4131: 4080: 4076: 4066: 4064: 4052: 4048: 4038: 4036: 4026: 4022: 4012: 4010: 4001: 4000: 3996: 3986: 3984: 3974: 3970: 3960: 3958: 3948: 3944: 3934: 3932: 3931:. June 13, 2008 3923: 3922: 3918: 3857: 3853: 3800: 3796: 3781: 3777: 3724: 3720: 3705: 3683: 3679: 3644: 3640: 3607: 3600: 3590: 3588: 3578: 3571: 3508: 3504: 3494: 3492: 3482: 3478: 3429:(1): e0210746. 3415: 3411: 3360: 3356: 3301: 3297: 3244: 3237: 3184: 3180: 3127: 3116: 3106: 3104: 3095: 3094: 3090: 3077: 3076: 3072: 3019: 3015: 2962: 2958: 2951: 2937: 2933: 2918: 2914: 2901: 2900: 2896: 2845: 2841: 2831: 2829: 2819: 2815: 2805: 2803: 2793: 2789: 2779: 2777: 2766: 2762: 2747: 2746: 2742: 2725: 2716: 2699: 2688: 2678: 2676: 2667: 2666: 2662: 2617: 2613: 2603: 2601: 2561: 2554: 2509:Nature Medicine 2501: 2492: 2482: 2480: 2468: 2464: 2427: 2423: 2368: 2359: 2309: 2303: 2288: 2241: 2237: 2227: 2225: 2219: 2215: 2154: 2150: 2140: 2138: 2128: 2117: 2072: 2068: 2019:(7): e0181821. 2005: 2001: 1969: 1963: 1956: 1941: 1937: 1922: 1918: 1908: 1906: 1893: 1892: 1888: 1837: 1814: 1769: 1762: 1709: 1702: 1646: 1635: 1582: 1555: 1500: 1496: 1491: 1426: 1419: 1414:Politics portal 1412: 1405: 1400:Medicine portal 1398: 1393: 1391: 1384: 1379: 1377: 1374: 1302:commotio cordis 1286:state-sponsored 1275: 1265: 1221: 1170: 1113:epidemiological 1097:autism spectrum 1052: 1046: 1041: 1000: 976: 952: 919:Garth Wilkinson 902: 862: 806: 735: 730: 703: 690: 672:to prevent the 628: 601: 550: 513: 493: 465: 409: 380: 379: 345: 337: 336: 297: 289: 288: 259: 235: 185: 167: 153: 148: 140:popular culture 89:social movement 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 11978: 11968: 11967: 11962: 11957: 11952: 11935: 11934: 11931: 11930: 11929: 11928: 11925: 11914: 11908: 11902: 11901: 11898: 11897: 11895: 11894: 11889: 11884: 11879: 11873: 11871: 11867: 11866: 11864: 11863: 11858: 11851: 11846: 11841: 11836: 11831: 11818: 11812: 11810: 11806: 11805: 11803: 11802: 11797: 11795:Katalin Karikó 11792: 11787: 11782: 11777: 11772: 11767: 11762: 11757: 11752: 11746: 11744: 11738: 11737: 11734: 11733: 11731: 11730: 11729: 11728: 11723: 11718: 11713: 11705: 11700: 11695: 11690: 11685: 11684: 11683: 11678: 11677: 11676: 11671: 11661: 11656: 11651: 11641: 11635: 11633: 11629: 11628: 11626: 11625: 11624: 11623: 11618: 11609: 11607: 11601: 11600: 11598: 11597: 11596: 11595: 11587: 11586: 11585: 11574: 11572: 11568: 11567: 11565: 11564: 11563: 11562: 11557: 11552: 11550:Herpes simplex 11547: 11542: 11537: 11532: 11524: 11523: 11522: 11517: 11512: 11504: 11499: 11498: 11497: 11492: 11484: 11479: 11474: 11469: 11468: 11467: 11462: 11457: 11452: 11450:Sinopharm BIBP 11447: 11442: 11437: 11432: 11427: 11422: 11417: 11412: 11407: 11402: 11400:Bharat Biotech 11397: 11387: 11382: 11377: 11372: 11371: 11370: 11365: 11355: 11350: 11345: 11340: 11335: 11334: 11333: 11328: 11318: 11313: 11308: 11303: 11298: 11297: 11296: 11291: 11286: 11271: 11270: 11269: 11259: 11254: 11248: 11246: 11242: 11241: 11239: 11238: 11237: 11236: 11231: 11226: 11218: 11217: 11216: 11211: 11203: 11198: 11197: 11196: 11191: 11181: 11180: 11179: 11169: 11164: 11159: 11158: 11157: 11152: 11142: 11137: 11132: 11131: 11130: 11125: 11115: 11110: 11105: 11100: 11095: 11090: 11085: 11079: 11077: 11070: 11066: 11065: 11063: 11062: 11061: 11060: 11055: 11050: 11045: 11040: 11032: 11031: 11030: 11028:Vaccine injury 11025: 11020: 11015: 11010: 11005: 11000: 10991: 10989: 10988:Administration 10985: 10984: 10982: 10981: 10976: 10971: 10962: 10945: 10944: 10943: 10938: 10930: 10925: 10919: 10917: 10913: 10912: 10910: 10909: 10904: 10899: 10894: 10889: 10888: 10887: 10877: 10871: 10869: 10865: 10864: 10832: 10831: 10824: 10817: 10809: 10800: 10799: 10796: 10795: 10793: 10792: 10787: 10782: 10780:Radicalization 10777: 10776: 10775: 10765: 10760: 10755: 10750: 10748:Fringe science 10745: 10743:Falsifiability 10740: 10739: 10738: 10728: 10723: 10718: 10711: 10705: 10702: 10701: 10691: 10690: 10687: 10686: 10683: 10682: 10680: 10679: 10674: 10669: 10664: 10659: 10653: 10651: 10647: 10646: 10644: 10643: 10641:Tax protesters 10638: 10633: 10628: 10623: 10618: 10612: 10610: 10601: 10600: 10595: 10594: 10593: 10588: 10583: 10573: 10571:New chronology 10564: 10559: 10554: 10548: 10545: 10544: 10534: 10533: 10530: 10529: 10526: 10525: 10522: 10521: 10519: 10518: 10516:Stop the Steal 10513: 10508: 10503: 10497: 10495: 10486: 10485: 10484: 10483: 10471: 10466: 10461: 10456: 10450: 10445: 10444: 10443: 10436: 10426: 10421: 10416: 10411: 10406: 10401: 10396: 10391: 10386: 10381: 10376: 10371: 10366: 10361: 10356: 10351: 10346: 10345: 10344: 10335: 10330: 10325: 10316: 10314: 10308: 10307: 10305: 10304: 10303: 10302: 10297: 10292: 10287: 10279: 10278: 10277: 10269: 10268: 10267: 10259: 10258: 10257: 10249: 10248: 10247: 10239: 10238: 10237: 10229: 10228: 10227: 10219: 10213: 10211: 10210:Other European 10207: 10206: 10204: 10203: 10196: 10191: 10186: 10185: 10184: 10179: 10168: 10166: 10160: 10159: 10157: 10156: 10151: 10146: 10141: 10139:Golden billion 10136: 10131: 10129:Alaska payment 10125: 10123: 10119: 10118: 10116: 10115: 10114: 10113: 10105: 10104: 10103: 10095: 10090: 10089: 10088: 10083: 10072: 10070: 10066: 10065: 10063: 10062: 10061: 10060: 10055: 10047: 10046: 10045: 10037: 10036: 10035: 10030: 10022: 10021: 10020: 10011: 10009: 10001: 10000: 9998: 9997: 9996: 9995: 9987: 9986: 9985: 9977: 9976: 9975: 9967: 9966: 9965: 9957: 9956: 9955: 9950: 9941: 9939: 9931: 9930: 9920: 9919: 9916: 9915: 9912: 9911: 9909: 9908: 9903: 9898: 9893: 9888: 9883: 9878: 9873: 9868: 9863: 9857: 9855: 9844: 9843: 9841: 9840: 9835: 9830: 9825: 9820: 9815: 9810: 9804: 9802: 9796: 9795: 9793: 9792: 9787: 9782: 9781: 9780: 9775: 9770: 9759: 9757: 9755:Anti-Christian 9750: 9749: 9747: 9746: 9741: 9736: 9731: 9726: 9721: 9716: 9715: 9714: 9709: 9704: 9697: 9692: 9691: 9690: 9674: 9664: 9663: 9662: 9660:Trivialization 9652: 9647: 9642: 9637: 9632: 9627: 9622: 9616: 9614: 9605: 9604: 9602:White genocide 9599: 9594: 9589: 9588: 9587: 9582: 9574: 9572:Priory of Sion 9569: 9564: 9556: 9555: 9554: 9537: 9532: 9527: 9521: 9518: 9517: 9507: 9506: 9503: 9502: 9500: 9499: 9494: 9489: 9483: 9478: 9473: 9472: 9471: 9466: 9456: 9451: 9446: 9441: 9436: 9435: 9434: 9420: 9415: 9410: 9405: 9395: 9390: 9385: 9380: 9379: 9378: 9376:misinformation 9373: 9368: 9367: 9366: 9361: 9346: 9340: 9337: 9336: 9326: 9325: 9322: 9321: 9319: 9318: 9313: 9308: 9299: 9294: 9289: 9284: 9283: 9282: 9277: 9272: 9267: 9262: 9261: 9260: 9258:Lavender scare 9250: 9249: 9248: 9238: 9236:gay Nazis myth 9233: 9228: 9223: 9218: 9208: 9202: 9199: 9198: 9188: 9187: 9184: 9183: 9181: 9180: 9174: 9168: 9162: 9156: 9150: 9149: 9148: 9143: 9132: 9126: 9120: 9114: 9111:KAL Flight 007 9108: 9102: 9096: 9087: 9081: 9078:Reichstag fire 9075: 9066: 9056: 9053: 9052: 9039: 9038: 9035: 9034: 9032: 9031: 9026: 9021: 9016: 9015: 9014: 9012:false theories 9004: 8999: 8993: 8990: 8989: 8985: 8977: 8976: 8973: 8972: 8969: 8968: 8966: 8965: 8960: 8958:Vladimir Putin 8955: 8950: 8948:Paul McCartney 8944: 8942: 8938: 8937: 8935: 8934: 8928: 8922: 8916: 8909: 8907: 8903: 8902: 8900: 8899: 8893: 8887: 8884:TWA Flight 800 8881: 8872: 8866: 8860: 8854: 8851:JAT Flight 367 8848: 8842: 8836: 8833:Lynmouth Flood 8830: 8824: 8815: 8806: 8804: 8800: 8799: 8797: 8796: 8790: 8784: 8778: 8772: 8766: 8760: 8754: 8751:Benazir Bhutto 8748: 8742: 8736: 8730: 8724: 8718: 8712: 8706: 8700: 8694: 8688: 8682: 8676: 8670: 8667:Renny Ottolina 8664: 8658: 8652: 8646: 8640: 8634: 8628: 8622: 8616: 8613:Marilyn Monroe 8610: 8604: 8598: 8592: 8586: 8580: 8574: 8571:Lord Kitchener 8568: 8562: 8559:Zachary Taylor 8555: 8553: 8537: 8536: 8526: 8525: 8522: 8521: 8518: 8517: 8514: 8513: 8511: 8510: 8504: 8498: 8492: 8486: 8480: 8474: 8468: 8462: 8456: 8449: 8447: 8438: 8437: 8432: 8431: 8430: 8418: 8413: 8408: 8403: 8395: 8390: 8377: 8372: 8367: 8361: 8359: 8350: 8349: 8344: 8339: 8334: 8329: 8324: 8319: 8318: 8317: 8306: 8303: 8302: 8292: 8291: 8288: 8287: 8284: 8283: 8281: 8280: 8275: 8270: 8269: 8268: 8258: 8253: 8248: 8243: 8238: 8233: 8228: 8222: 8220: 8216: 8215: 8213: 8212: 8207: 8202: 8197: 8192: 8187: 8185:Hidden message 8182: 8177: 8172: 8167: 8162: 8157: 8152: 8139: 8138: 8137: 8132: 8129:éminence grise 8125: 8115: 8109: 8107: 8099: 8098: 8088: 8087: 8082: 8079: 8078: 8071: 8070: 8063: 8056: 8048: 8040: 8039: 8010:(9): 916–923. 7988: 7982:978-1421447223 7981: 7963: 7944: 7929: 7911: 7878: 7859: 7833: 7805: 7774: 7743: 7676: 7619: 7598: 7577: 7559: 7538: 7517: 7493: 7472: 7449: 7418: 7396: 7360: 7333: 7309: 7286: 7258: 7227: 7204: 7173: 7150: 7135:. London, UK. 7112: 7090: 7064: 7045: 7026: 6971: 6943: 6915: 6896: 6853: 6804: 6778: 6731: 6690: 6663: 6635: 6604: 6573: 6571: 6570: 6550:(7477): 1293. 6535: 6511: 6509: 6508: 6492: 6460: 6433: 6390: 6363: 6335: 6312: 6273: 6247: 6220:(10): 1302–4. 6201: 6144: 6114: 6087: 6079:10.17226/10997 6051: 6025: 5976: 5927: 5868: 5809: 5785:"The MMR hoax" 5775: 5753: 5694: 5643: 5591: 5571: 5551: 5529: 5516:(2): 161–194. 5496: 5476: 5453: 5428: 5415: 5393: 5356: 5298: 5286: 5272: 5241: 5215: 5186:(3): 231–252. 5151: 5129: 5093: 5073: 5038: 5013: 4987: 4936: 4929: 4906: 4899: 4874: 4858: 4851: 4833: 4831: 4830: 4794:(4): 345–376. 4783: 4765:(3): 104–108. 4754: 4729: 4712: 4697: 4690: 4670: 4642: 4585: 4566: 4494: 4440: 4410: 4340: 4319: 4300: 4281: 4263: 4244: 4216: 4187:(3): 512–520. 4167: 4148: 4129: 4074: 4046: 4020: 3994: 3968: 3942: 3916: 3851: 3794: 3775: 3718: 3703: 3677: 3658:(4): 619–638. 3638: 3598: 3569: 3502: 3476: 3409: 3354: 3295: 3258:(3): 106–131. 3235: 3178: 3114: 3088: 3070: 3013: 2956: 2950:978-1421447223 2949: 2931: 2912: 2894: 2839: 2813: 2787: 2760: 2740: 2714: 2686: 2660: 2611: 2575:(2): 126–137. 2552: 2515:(3): 460–467. 2490: 2462: 2421: 2357: 2286: 2255:(12): e21451. 2235: 2213: 2148: 2115: 2080:Arch Dis Child 2066: 1999: 1980:(24): 3245–8. 1954: 1935: 1916: 1886: 1812: 1760: 1700: 1660:(1): 175–191. 1633: 1553: 1493: 1492: 1490: 1487: 1486: 1485: 1484: 1483: 1478: 1468: 1463: 1458: 1453: 1448: 1443: 1438: 1432: 1431: 1428:Society portal 1417: 1403: 1389: 1386:History portal 1373: 1370: 1346:Taylor Hawkins 1289:internet troll 1264: 1261: 1220: 1217: 1175:Richard Horton 1048:Main article: 1045: 1042: 1040: 1037: 1016:whooping cough 999: 996: 975: 972: 951: 948: 927:Frances Hoggan 901: 898: 868:in 1855. The 861: 858: 810:United Kingdom 805: 802: 752:Opposition to 734: 731: 729: 726: 702: 699: 689: 686: 627: 624: 600: 597: 549: 546: 512: 509: 501:underreporting 492: 489: 464: 461: 460: 459: 445: 438: 435: 432: 429: 426: 423: 420: 411: 410: 408: 407: 400: 393: 385: 382: 381: 378: 377: 372: 367: 362: 357: 352: 350:Vaccine equity 346: 343: 342: 339: 338: 335: 334: 329: 324: 319: 314: 309: 304: 298: 295: 294: 291: 290: 287: 286: 281: 276: 271: 266: 260: 257: 256: 253: 252: 246: 245: 234: 231: 223: 222: 219: 216: 210: 203: 200: 184: 181: 166: 163: 152: 151:Arguments used 149: 147: 144: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11977: 11966: 11963: 11961: 11958: 11956: 11953: 11951: 11948: 11947: 11945: 11926: 11924: 11921: 11920: 11918: 11915: 11912: 11909: 11907: 11904: 11903: 11899: 11893: 11890: 11888: 11885: 11883: 11880: 11878: 11875: 11874: 11872: 11868: 11862: 11859: 11857: 11856: 11852: 11850: 11847: 11845: 11842: 11840: 11837: 11835: 11832: 11829: 11827: 11822: 11819: 11817: 11814: 11813: 11811: 11807: 11801: 11800:Drew Weissman 11798: 11796: 11793: 11791: 11788: 11786: 11785:H. Fred Clark 11783: 11781: 11778: 11776: 11773: 11771: 11768: 11766: 11763: 11761: 11758: 11756: 11755:Louis Pasteur 11753: 11751: 11750:Edward Jenner 11748: 11747: 11745: 11739: 11727: 11724: 11722: 11721:DTwP-HepB-Hib 11719: 11717: 11716:DTaP-IPV-HepB 11714: 11712: 11709: 11708: 11707:combination: 11706: 11704: 11701: 11699: 11696: 11694: 11691: 11689: 11686: 11682: 11679: 11675: 11672: 11670: 11667: 11666: 11665: 11662: 11660: 11657: 11655: 11652: 11650: 11647: 11646: 11645: 11642: 11640: 11637: 11636: 11634: 11630: 11622: 11619: 11617: 11614: 11613: 11611: 11610: 11608: 11606: 11605:Helminthiasis 11602: 11594: 11591: 11590: 11588: 11584: 11581: 11580: 11579: 11576: 11575: 11573: 11569: 11561: 11558: 11556: 11553: 11551: 11548: 11546: 11543: 11541: 11538: 11536: 11533: 11531: 11528: 11527: 11525: 11521: 11518: 11516: 11513: 11511: 11508: 11507: 11506:combination: 11505: 11503: 11500: 11496: 11493: 11491: 11488: 11487: 11485: 11483: 11480: 11478: 11475: 11473: 11470: 11466: 11463: 11461: 11458: 11456: 11453: 11451: 11448: 11446: 11443: 11441: 11438: 11436: 11433: 11431: 11428: 11426: 11423: 11421: 11418: 11416: 11413: 11411: 11408: 11406: 11403: 11401: 11398: 11396: 11393: 11392: 11391: 11388: 11386: 11383: 11381: 11378: 11376: 11373: 11369: 11366: 11364: 11361: 11360: 11359: 11356: 11354: 11351: 11349: 11346: 11344: 11341: 11339: 11336: 11332: 11329: 11327: 11324: 11323: 11322: 11319: 11317: 11314: 11312: 11309: 11307: 11304: 11302: 11299: 11295: 11292: 11290: 11287: 11284: 11280: 11277: 11276: 11275: 11272: 11268: 11265: 11264: 11263: 11260: 11258: 11255: 11253: 11250: 11249: 11247: 11243: 11235: 11232: 11230: 11227: 11225: 11222: 11221: 11219: 11215: 11212: 11210: 11209:DPT/DTwP/DTaP 11207: 11206: 11205:combination: 11204: 11202: 11199: 11195: 11192: 11190: 11187: 11186: 11185: 11182: 11178: 11175: 11174: 11173: 11170: 11168: 11165: 11163: 11160: 11156: 11153: 11151: 11148: 11147: 11146: 11143: 11141: 11138: 11136: 11133: 11129: 11126: 11124: 11121: 11120: 11119: 11118:Meningococcus 11116: 11114: 11111: 11109: 11108:Leptospirosis 11106: 11104: 11101: 11099: 11096: 11094: 11091: 11089: 11086: 11084: 11081: 11080: 11078: 11074: 11071: 11067: 11059: 11056: 11054: 11051: 11049: 11046: 11044: 11043:Vaccine court 11041: 11039: 11036: 11035: 11033: 11029: 11026: 11024: 11021: 11019: 11016: 11014: 11011: 11009: 11006: 11004: 11001: 10999: 10998:GAVI Alliance 10996: 10995: 10993: 10992: 10990: 10986: 10980: 10977: 10975: 10972: 10970: 10966: 10963: 10961: 10957: 10953: 10949: 10946: 10942: 10939: 10937: 10934: 10933: 10931: 10929: 10926: 10924: 10921: 10920: 10918: 10914: 10908: 10905: 10903: 10900: 10898: 10895: 10893: 10890: 10886: 10883: 10882: 10881: 10878: 10876: 10873: 10872: 10870: 10866: 10861: 10857: 10853: 10849: 10845: 10841: 10837: 10830: 10825: 10823: 10818: 10816: 10811: 10810: 10807: 10791: 10788: 10786: 10783: 10781: 10778: 10774: 10771: 10770: 10769: 10766: 10764: 10761: 10759: 10756: 10754: 10751: 10749: 10746: 10744: 10741: 10737: 10734: 10733: 10732: 10729: 10727: 10724: 10722: 10719: 10717: 10716: 10712: 10710: 10707: 10706: 10703: 10696: 10692: 10678: 10675: 10673: 10670: 10668: 10665: 10663: 10660: 10658: 10655: 10654: 10652: 10648: 10642: 10639: 10637: 10634: 10632: 10629: 10627: 10624: 10622: 10619: 10617: 10616:Admiralty law 10614: 10613: 10611: 10609: 10605: 10599: 10596: 10592: 10589: 10587: 10584: 10582: 10579: 10578: 10577: 10574: 10572: 10568: 10565: 10563: 10560: 10558: 10557:NESARA/GESARA 10555: 10553: 10550: 10549: 10546: 10539: 10535: 10517: 10514: 10512: 10509: 10507: 10504: 10502: 10499: 10498: 10496: 10494: 10493:2020 election 10490: 10482: 10478: 10477:POW/MIA issue 10475: 10474: 10472: 10470: 10467: 10465: 10464:Trump–Ukraine 10462: 10460: 10457: 10454: 10451: 10449: 10446: 10442: 10441: 10437: 10435: 10432: 10431: 10430: 10427: 10425: 10422: 10420: 10417: 10415: 10412: 10410: 10407: 10405: 10402: 10400: 10397: 10395: 10392: 10390: 10387: 10385: 10382: 10380: 10377: 10375: 10372: 10370: 10367: 10365: 10362: 10360: 10357: 10355: 10352: 10350: 10349:Biden–Ukraine 10347: 10343: 10339: 10336: 10334: 10331: 10329: 10326: 10324: 10321: 10320: 10319:Barack Obama 10318: 10317: 10315: 10313: 10312:United States 10309: 10301: 10300:Voting pencil 10298: 10296: 10295:Harold Wilson 10293: 10291: 10288: 10286: 10283: 10282: 10280: 10276: 10273: 10272: 10270: 10266: 10263: 10262: 10260: 10256: 10253: 10252: 10250: 10246: 10243: 10242: 10240: 10236: 10233: 10232: 10230: 10226: 10223: 10222: 10220: 10218: 10215: 10214: 10212: 10208: 10202: 10201: 10197: 10195: 10192: 10190: 10187: 10183: 10180: 10178: 10175: 10174: 10173: 10170: 10169: 10167: 10165: 10161: 10155: 10152: 10150: 10147: 10145: 10142: 10140: 10137: 10135: 10132: 10130: 10127: 10126: 10124: 10120: 10112: 10109: 10108: 10106: 10102: 10099: 10098: 10096: 10094: 10091: 10087: 10084: 10082: 10079: 10078: 10077: 10074: 10073: 10071: 10067: 10059: 10056: 10054: 10051: 10050: 10048: 10044: 10043:Casa Matusita 10041: 10040: 10038: 10034: 10031: 10029: 10026: 10025: 10023: 10019: 10016: 10015: 10013: 10012: 10010: 10002: 9994: 9991: 9990: 9988: 9984: 9981: 9980: 9978: 9974: 9971: 9970: 9968: 9964: 9961: 9960: 9958: 9954: 9951: 9949: 9946: 9945: 9943: 9942: 9940: 9936: 9932: 9925: 9921: 9907: 9904: 9902: 9899: 9897: 9894: 9892: 9889: 9887: 9884: 9882: 9881:The Holocaust 9879: 9877: 9874: 9872: 9869: 9867: 9864: 9862: 9859: 9858: 9856: 9854: 9849: 9845: 9839: 9836: 9834: 9831: 9829: 9826: 9824: 9821: 9819: 9816: 9814: 9811: 9809: 9808:Counter-jihad 9806: 9805: 9803: 9801: 9797: 9791: 9790:Giuseppe Siri 9788: 9786: 9783: 9779: 9776: 9774: 9771: 9769: 9766: 9765: 9764: 9763:Anti-Catholic 9761: 9760: 9758: 9756: 9751: 9745: 9742: 9740: 9737: 9735: 9732: 9730: 9727: 9725: 9722: 9720: 9717: 9713: 9710: 9708: 9705: 9703: 9702: 9698: 9696: 9693: 9689: 9688: 9684: 9683: 9682: 9678: 9675: 9673: 9670: 9669: 9668: 9665: 9661: 9658: 9657: 9656: 9653: 9651: 9648: 9646: 9643: 9641: 9638: 9636: 9635:Doctors' plot 9633: 9631: 9628: 9626: 9623: 9621: 9618: 9617: 9615: 9613: 9609: 9603: 9600: 9598: 9595: 9593: 9590: 9586: 9583: 9581: 9578: 9577: 9575: 9573: 9570: 9568: 9565: 9561: 9557: 9551: 9546: 9543: 9542: 9541: 9538: 9536: 9533: 9531: 9528: 9526: 9523: 9522: 9519: 9512: 9508: 9498: 9495: 9493: 9490: 9487: 9484: 9482: 9479: 9477: 9474: 9470: 9467: 9465: 9462: 9461: 9460: 9457: 9455: 9452: 9450: 9447: 9445: 9442: 9440: 9437: 9433: 9432:United States 9429: 9425: 9421: 9419: 9416: 9414: 9411: 9409: 9406: 9404: 9401: 9400: 9399: 9396: 9394: 9391: 9389: 9386: 9384: 9381: 9377: 9374: 9372: 9369: 9365: 9362: 9360: 9357: 9356: 9355: 9352: 9351: 9350: 9347: 9345: 9342: 9341: 9338: 9331: 9327: 9317: 9314: 9312: 9311:Satanic panic 9309: 9307: 9303: 9300: 9298: 9295: 9293: 9290: 9288: 9285: 9281: 9278: 9276: 9273: 9271: 9268: 9266: 9263: 9259: 9256: 9255: 9254: 9251: 9247: 9246:United States 9244: 9243: 9242: 9239: 9237: 9234: 9232: 9229: 9227: 9224: 9222: 9219: 9217: 9214: 9213: 9212: 9209: 9207: 9204: 9203: 9200: 9193: 9189: 9178: 9175: 9172: 9169: 9166: 9163: 9160: 9157: 9154: 9151: 9147: 9144: 9142: 9139: 9138: 9136: 9133: 9130: 9127: 9124: 9121: 9118: 9115: 9112: 9109: 9106: 9103: 9100: 9097: 9094: 9093: 9088: 9085: 9082: 9079: 9076: 9073: 9072: 9067: 9064: 9063: 9058: 9057: 9054: 9049: 9044: 9040: 9030: 9027: 9025: 9022: 9020: 9017: 9013: 9010: 9009: 9008: 9005: 9003: 9000: 8998: 8995: 8994: 8991: 8982: 8978: 8964: 8963:Melania Trump 8961: 8959: 8956: 8954: 8953:Avril Lavigne 8951: 8949: 8946: 8945: 8943: 8939: 8932: 8929: 8926: 8925:Elvis Presley 8923: 8920: 8917: 8914: 8911: 8910: 8908: 8904: 8897: 8894: 8891: 8888: 8885: 8882: 8879: 8878: 8873: 8870: 8867: 8864: 8861: 8858: 8855: 8852: 8849: 8846: 8843: 8840: 8837: 8834: 8831: 8828: 8825: 8822: 8821: 8816: 8813: 8812: 8808: 8807: 8805: 8801: 8794: 8791: 8788: 8785: 8782: 8779: 8776: 8773: 8770: 8767: 8764: 8761: 8758: 8755: 8752: 8749: 8746: 8745:Yasser Arafat 8743: 8740: 8737: 8734: 8731: 8728: 8725: 8722: 8721:Yitzhak Rabin 8719: 8716: 8713: 8710: 8707: 8704: 8701: 8698: 8695: 8692: 8689: 8686: 8683: 8680: 8677: 8674: 8671: 8668: 8665: 8662: 8659: 8656: 8653: 8650: 8647: 8644: 8641: 8638: 8635: 8632: 8629: 8626: 8623: 8620: 8617: 8614: 8611: 8608: 8605: 8602: 8599: 8596: 8593: 8590: 8587: 8584: 8581: 8578: 8575: 8572: 8569: 8566: 8563: 8560: 8557: 8556: 8554: 8551: 8546: 8545:Assassination 8542: 8538: 8531: 8527: 8508: 8505: 8502: 8501:Alien autopsy 8499: 8496: 8493: 8490: 8487: 8484: 8481: 8478: 8475: 8472: 8469: 8466: 8463: 8460: 8457: 8454: 8451: 8450: 8448: 8446: 8442: 8436: 8435:Project Serpo 8433: 8429: 8428: 8424: 8423: 8422: 8419: 8417: 8414: 8412: 8409: 8407: 8404: 8401: 8400: 8396: 8394: 8391: 8389: 8385: 8381: 8378: 8376: 8373: 8371: 8368: 8366: 8363: 8362: 8360: 8358: 8354: 8348: 8345: 8343: 8340: 8338: 8335: 8333: 8330: 8328: 8325: 8323: 8320: 8316: 8313: 8312: 8311: 8308: 8307: 8304: 8297: 8293: 8279: 8276: 8274: 8271: 8267: 8264: 8263: 8262: 8259: 8257: 8254: 8252: 8249: 8247: 8244: 8242: 8239: 8237: 8234: 8232: 8229: 8227: 8224: 8223: 8221: 8217: 8211: 8208: 8206: 8203: 8201: 8198: 8196: 8195:Pseudoscience 8193: 8191: 8190:Pseudohistory 8188: 8186: 8183: 8181: 8178: 8176: 8173: 8171: 8168: 8166: 8163: 8161: 8160:Crisis actors 8158: 8156: 8153: 8151: 8147: 8143: 8140: 8136: 8133: 8131: 8130: 8126: 8124: 8121: 8120: 8119: 8116: 8114: 8111: 8110: 8108: 8104: 8100: 8093: 8089: 8085: 8080: 8076: 8069: 8064: 8062: 8057: 8055: 8050: 8049: 8046: 8035: 8031: 8026: 8021: 8017: 8013: 8009: 8005: 8004: 7999: 7992: 7984: 7978: 7974: 7967: 7959: 7955: 7948: 7940: 7933: 7925: 7921: 7915: 7898: 7893: 7889: 7882: 7874: 7870: 7863: 7848: 7844: 7837: 7822: 7821: 7816: 7809: 7793: 7789: 7785: 7778: 7762: 7758: 7754: 7747: 7739: 7735: 7730: 7725: 7721: 7717: 7712: 7707: 7703: 7699: 7695: 7691: 7687: 7680: 7672: 7668: 7663: 7658: 7654: 7650: 7646: 7642: 7638: 7634: 7630: 7623: 7615: 7614: 7609: 7602: 7594: 7593: 7588: 7581: 7573: 7569: 7563: 7555: 7554: 7549: 7542: 7534: 7533: 7528: 7521: 7513: 7509: 7508: 7503: 7497: 7489: 7488: 7483: 7476: 7468: 7464: 7460: 7453: 7437: 7433: 7429: 7422: 7414: 7410: 7406: 7400: 7384: 7380: 7376: 7369: 7367: 7365: 7356: 7352: 7348: 7342: 7340: 7338: 7329: 7325: 7324: 7319: 7313: 7305: 7301: 7297: 7290: 7279: 7275: 7268: 7262: 7246: 7242: 7241:New Scientist 7238: 7231: 7223: 7219: 7215: 7208: 7200: 7196: 7192: 7188: 7184: 7177: 7169: 7165: 7161: 7154: 7146: 7142: 7138: 7134: 7133:The Telegraph 7130: 7123: 7121: 7119: 7117: 7108: 7104: 7100: 7094: 7078: 7074: 7068: 7060: 7056: 7049: 7041: 7037: 7030: 7022: 7018: 7014: 7010: 7006: 7002: 6998: 6994: 6990: 6986: 6982: 6975: 6960: 6959: 6954: 6947: 6932: 6931: 6926: 6919: 6911: 6907: 6900: 6892: 6888: 6883: 6878: 6874: 6870: 6869: 6864: 6857: 6849: 6845: 6841: 6837: 6833: 6829: 6825: 6821: 6820: 6815: 6808: 6793: 6789: 6782: 6774: 6770: 6766: 6762: 6758: 6754: 6750: 6746: 6742: 6735: 6727: 6723: 6718: 6713: 6709: 6705: 6701: 6694: 6678: 6674: 6667: 6652: 6651: 6646: 6639: 6623: 6619: 6615: 6608: 6592: 6588: 6584: 6577: 6566: 6561: 6557: 6553: 6549: 6545: 6541: 6536: 6529:September 23, 6525: 6520: 6519: 6515: 6502:September 23, 6498: 6493: 6486:September 23, 6481: 6477: 6472: 6471: 6469: 6464: 6448: 6444: 6437: 6429: 6425: 6421: 6417: 6413: 6409: 6405: 6401: 6394: 6378: 6374: 6367: 6351: 6350: 6345: 6339: 6323: 6316: 6308: 6304: 6300: 6296: 6292: 6288: 6284: 6277: 6262: 6261:MedPage Today 6258: 6251: 6243: 6239: 6235: 6231: 6227: 6223: 6219: 6215: 6208: 6206: 6197: 6193: 6188: 6183: 6179: 6175: 6171: 6167: 6163: 6159: 6155: 6148: 6137:September 19, 6132: 6128: 6124: 6118: 6102: 6098: 6094: 6090: 6084: 6080: 6076: 6072: 6068: 6064: 6063: 6055: 6039: 6035: 6029: 6021: 6017: 6012: 6007: 6003: 5999: 5996:(6): 562–78. 5995: 5991: 5987: 5980: 5972: 5968: 5963: 5958: 5954: 5950: 5946: 5942: 5938: 5931: 5923: 5919: 5914: 5909: 5905: 5901: 5896: 5891: 5887: 5883: 5879: 5872: 5864: 5860: 5855: 5850: 5846: 5842: 5837: 5832: 5828: 5824: 5820: 5813: 5807: 5794: 5790: 5786: 5779: 5763: 5757: 5749: 5745: 5741: 5737: 5733: 5729: 5725: 5721: 5717: 5713: 5709: 5707: 5698: 5690: 5686: 5682: 5678: 5674: 5670: 5666: 5662: 5658: 5654: 5647: 5639: 5635: 5630: 5625: 5621: 5617: 5613: 5609: 5605: 5598: 5596: 5587: 5586: 5578: 5576: 5569: 5565: 5561: 5555: 5547: 5543: 5539: 5533: 5524: 5519: 5515: 5511: 5507: 5500: 5494: 5490: 5486: 5480: 5474: 5470: 5466: 5460: 5458: 5451: 5447: 5443: 5437: 5435: 5433: 5425: 5419: 5411: 5400:September 13, 5396: 5390: 5386: 5382: 5378: 5377: 5371: 5363: 5361: 5352: 5348: 5344: 5340: 5335: 5330: 5326: 5322: 5318: 5314: 5313: 5308: 5302: 5295: 5290: 5282: 5276: 5260: 5256: 5252: 5245: 5229: 5225: 5219: 5211: 5207: 5202: 5197: 5193: 5189: 5185: 5181: 5180: 5175: 5168: 5166: 5164: 5162: 5160: 5158: 5156: 5147: 5132: 5126: 5122: 5118: 5114: 5113: 5107: 5100: 5098: 5091: 5087: 5083: 5077: 5066:September 13, 5061: 5057: 5052: 5045: 5043: 5033: 5028: 5024: 5020: 5016: 5014:0-8223-3423-2 5010: 5006: 5002: 4998: 4991: 4983: 4979: 4975: 4971: 4967: 4963: 4956: 4949: 4947: 4945: 4943: 4941: 4932: 4926: 4922: 4921: 4913: 4911: 4902: 4896: 4892: 4888: 4881: 4879: 4871: 4867: 4862: 4854: 4848: 4844: 4837: 4827: 4823: 4819: 4815: 4811: 4807: 4802: 4797: 4793: 4789: 4784: 4780: 4776: 4772: 4768: 4764: 4760: 4755: 4751: 4747: 4743: 4738: 4737: 4733: 4725: 4724: 4716: 4707: 4701: 4693: 4687: 4683: 4682: 4674: 4659: 4658: 4653: 4646: 4638: 4634: 4630: 4626: 4621: 4616: 4612: 4608: 4604: 4600: 4596: 4589: 4581: 4577: 4570: 4562: 4558: 4554: 4550: 4545: 4540: 4536: 4532: 4528: 4524: 4520: 4516: 4512: 4505: 4503: 4501: 4499: 4490: 4486: 4481: 4476: 4472: 4468: 4464: 4460: 4456: 4449: 4447: 4445: 4436: 4432: 4428: 4424: 4417: 4415: 4406: 4402: 4397: 4392: 4388: 4384: 4379: 4374: 4370: 4366: 4362: 4358: 4354: 4347: 4345: 4336: 4335: 4330: 4323: 4315: 4311: 4304: 4296: 4292: 4285: 4277: 4273: 4267: 4259: 4255: 4248: 4232: 4231: 4226: 4220: 4212: 4208: 4203: 4198: 4194: 4190: 4186: 4182: 4178: 4171: 4163: 4159: 4152: 4144: 4140: 4133: 4125: 4121: 4117: 4113: 4109: 4105: 4101: 4097: 4093: 4089: 4085: 4078: 4063: 4062: 4057: 4050: 4035: 4031: 4024: 4008: 4004: 3998: 3983: 3979: 3972: 3957: 3953: 3946: 3930: 3926: 3920: 3912: 3908: 3903: 3898: 3894: 3890: 3886: 3882: 3878: 3874: 3870: 3866: 3862: 3855: 3847: 3843: 3838: 3833: 3829: 3825: 3821: 3817: 3813: 3809: 3805: 3798: 3790: 3786: 3779: 3771: 3767: 3762: 3757: 3753: 3749: 3745: 3741: 3737: 3733: 3729: 3722: 3714: 3710: 3706: 3700: 3696: 3692: 3688: 3681: 3673: 3669: 3665: 3661: 3657: 3653: 3649: 3642: 3634: 3630: 3625: 3620: 3616: 3612: 3605: 3603: 3587: 3583: 3576: 3574: 3565: 3561: 3556: 3551: 3547: 3543: 3538: 3533: 3529: 3525: 3521: 3517: 3513: 3506: 3491: 3487: 3480: 3472: 3468: 3463: 3458: 3454: 3450: 3445: 3440: 3436: 3432: 3428: 3424: 3420: 3413: 3405: 3401: 3397: 3393: 3389: 3385: 3381: 3377: 3373: 3369: 3365: 3358: 3350: 3346: 3341: 3336: 3332: 3328: 3323: 3322:10.2196/40201 3318: 3314: 3310: 3306: 3299: 3291: 3287: 3283: 3279: 3275: 3271: 3266: 3261: 3257: 3253: 3249: 3242: 3240: 3231: 3227: 3222: 3217: 3213: 3209: 3205: 3201: 3197: 3193: 3189: 3182: 3174: 3170: 3165: 3160: 3156: 3152: 3148: 3144: 3140: 3136: 3132: 3125: 3123: 3121: 3119: 3102: 3098: 3092: 3084: 3080: 3074: 3066: 3062: 3057: 3052: 3048: 3044: 3040: 3036: 3032: 3028: 3024: 3017: 3009: 3005: 3001: 2997: 2992: 2987: 2983: 2979: 2975: 2971: 2967: 2960: 2952: 2946: 2942: 2935: 2927: 2926:Texas Monthly 2923: 2916: 2908: 2904: 2898: 2890: 2886: 2882: 2878: 2874: 2870: 2866: 2862: 2858: 2854: 2850: 2843: 2832:September 19, 2828: 2824: 2817: 2806:September 19, 2802: 2798: 2791: 2775: 2771: 2764: 2756: 2755: 2750: 2744: 2736: 2735: 2730: 2723: 2721: 2719: 2710: 2709: 2704: 2697: 2695: 2693: 2691: 2674: 2670: 2664: 2656: 2652: 2647: 2642: 2638: 2634: 2630: 2626: 2622: 2615: 2600: 2596: 2591: 2586: 2582: 2578: 2574: 2570: 2566: 2559: 2557: 2548: 2544: 2540: 2536: 2532: 2528: 2523: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2499: 2497: 2495: 2479: 2478: 2473: 2466: 2458: 2454: 2450: 2446: 2442: 2438: 2437: 2432: 2425: 2417: 2413: 2409: 2405: 2400: 2395: 2390: 2385: 2381: 2377: 2373: 2366: 2364: 2362: 2353: 2349: 2345: 2341: 2336: 2331: 2327: 2323: 2319: 2315: 2308: 2301: 2299: 2297: 2295: 2293: 2291: 2282: 2278: 2273: 2268: 2263: 2262:10.2196/21451 2258: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2239: 2224: 2217: 2209: 2205: 2201: 2197: 2193: 2189: 2184: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2167: 2163: 2159: 2152: 2137: 2133: 2126: 2124: 2122: 2120: 2111: 2107: 2102: 2097: 2093: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2077: 2070: 2062: 2058: 2053: 2048: 2044: 2040: 2035: 2030: 2026: 2022: 2018: 2014: 2010: 2003: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1983: 1979: 1975: 1968: 1961: 1959: 1950: 1946: 1939: 1931: 1927: 1920: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1890: 1882: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1842: 1835: 1833: 1831: 1829: 1827: 1825: 1823: 1821: 1819: 1817: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1796: 1791: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1767: 1765: 1756: 1752: 1747: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1730: 1726: 1722: 1718: 1714: 1707: 1705: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1668: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1644: 1642: 1640: 1638: 1629: 1625: 1620: 1615: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1580: 1578: 1576: 1574: 1572: 1570: 1568: 1566: 1564: 1562: 1560: 1558: 1549: 1545: 1540: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1522: 1517: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1498: 1494: 1482: 1479: 1477: 1474: 1473: 1472: 1469: 1467: 1464: 1462: 1459: 1457: 1454: 1452: 1449: 1447: 1444: 1442: 1439: 1437: 1434: 1433: 1429: 1423: 1418: 1415: 1409: 1404: 1401: 1390: 1387: 1376: 1369: 1367: 1363: 1358: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1293: 1290: 1287: 1282: 1280: 1274: 1270: 1260: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1244: 1242: 1238: 1232: 1230: 1226: 1216: 1214: 1209: 1206: 1200: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1184: 1182: 1181: 1176: 1169: 1165: 1160: 1158: 1153: 1149: 1145: 1140: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1106: 1100: 1098: 1094: 1090: 1089: 1084: 1080: 1075: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1051: 1036: 1034: 1030: 1029:polio vaccine 1025: 1019: 1017: 1013: 1008: 1006: 995: 993: 989: 985: 981: 971: 969: 965: 961: 960:Arthur Phelps 957: 947: 945: 941: 937: 932: 928: 924: 920: 916: 906: 897: 894: 893: 886: 884: 879: 875: 871: 867: 866:Massachusetts 857: 855: 851: 847: 843: 839: 835: 830: 828: 822: 820: 815: 811: 801: 796: 792: 790: 786: 785:Edward Jenner 781: 779: 775: 771: 767: 766:John Williams 763: 759: 755: 750: 748: 744: 740: 725: 723: 722:Anthony Fauci 718: 714: 712: 707: 698: 696: 685: 683: 679: 675: 671: 666: 664: 660: 656: 651: 650: 643: 641: 636: 632: 623: 619: 617: 612: 608: 606: 596: 592: 590: 585: 583: 579: 575: 571: 566: 564: 560: 556: 545: 541: 539: 535: 531: 527: 523: 519: 508: 506: 502: 498: 488: 485: 481: 477: 476: 470: 457: 453: 450: 446: 443: 439: 436: 433: 430: 427: 424: 421: 418: 417: 416: 406: 401: 399: 394: 392: 387: 386: 384: 383: 376: 373: 371: 368: 366: 363: 361: 358: 356: 353: 351: 348: 347: 341: 340: 333: 330: 328: 325: 323: 320: 318: 315: 313: 310: 308: 305: 303: 300: 299: 293: 292: 285: 282: 280: 279:Vaccine trial 277: 275: 272: 270: 267: 265: 262: 261: 255: 254: 251: 248: 247: 243: 239: 238: 230: 228: 220: 217: 214: 211: 208: 204: 201: 198: 197: 196: 193: 191: 180: 178: 177: 172: 162: 160: 159: 143: 141: 137: 133: 129: 125: 124:public policy 121: 117: 113: 108: 106: 102: 98: 94: 90: 86: 82: 78: 74: 70: 66: 62: 58: 50: 43: 39: 34: 30: 19: 11877:Epidemiology 11853: 11825: 11711:DTaP-IPV/Hib 11502:Yellow fever 11415:EpiVacCorona 11172:Tuberculosis 11145:Pneumococcal 11113:Lyme disease 10941:Heterologous 10840:Immunization 10790:Superstition 10713: 10569: / 10567:Phantom time 10506:"Pence Card" 10479: / 10473:Vietnam War 10438: 10399:Jade Helm 15 10340: / 10198: 10134:Dulles' Plan 10018:Andinia Plan 9993:Finland Plot 9979:South Korea 9973:Tallano gold 9969:Philippines 9800:Islamophobic 9753:Christian / 9729:Kalergi Plan 9719:Judeopolonia 9707:World War II 9699: 9685: 9679: / 9650:George Soros 9645:Epsilon Team 9620:Andinia Plan 9476:Lepers' plot 9430: / 9426: / 9418:turbo cancer 9348: 9304: / 9146:WTC collapse 9135:9/11 attacks 9091: 9084:Pearl Harbor 9070: 9061: 8876: 8869:Khamar-Daban 8839:Dyatlov Pass 8819: 8811:Mary Celeste 8810: 8709:Vince Foster 8595:Adolf Hitler 8459:Maury Island 8453:Dundy County 8425: 8416:Men in black 8398: 8386: / 8382: / 8337:Hollow Earth 8266:moral panics 8256:Manipulation 8148: / 8144: / 8127: 8007: 8001: 7991: 7972: 7966: 7957: 7947: 7932: 7923: 7914: 7904:December 18, 7902:. 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Retrieved 1898: 1889: 1848: 1844: 1780: 1776: 1720: 1716: 1695: 1657: 1653: 1593: 1589: 1511: 1507: 1497: 1359: 1349: 1342:Foo Fighters 1326:Galen Center 1322:Bronny James 1306:Charlie Kirk 1298:Damar Hamlin 1294: 1283: 1276: 1245: 1233: 1222: 1210: 1201: 1185: 1178: 1167: 1163: 1161: 1141: 1101: 1086: 1078: 1076: 1053: 1039:21st century 1020: 1009: 1001: 998:20th century 988:Pennsylvania 977: 953: 930: 922: 914: 911: 890: 887: 882: 874:William Tebb 863: 853: 849: 831: 823: 818: 807: 798: 794: 782: 751: 736: 719: 715: 708: 704: 691: 667: 647: 644: 637: 633: 629: 620: 613: 609: 602: 593: 588: 587:In his book 586: 567: 551: 542: 514: 511:Legal action 505:data quality 494: 473: 466: 449:The Pentagon 425:Fake experts 414: 364: 224: 194: 186: 174: 168: 156: 154: 109: 71:, and these 64: 60: 56: 55: 29: 11913:from market 11809:Controversy 11743:researchers 11659:Hepatitis B 11545:Hepatitis C 11490:Chicken pox 11316:Hepatitis E 11311:Hepatitis B 11306:Hepatitis A 11257:Chikungunya 11234:Shigellosis 11088:Brucellosis 10974:Therapeutic 10928:Inactivated 10868:Development 10856:Inoculation 10848:Vaccination 10773:hate speech 10359:CIA and JFK 10338:"Obamagate" 10323:citizenship 10225:German Plot 9773:Popish Plot 9739:Rothschilds 9625:Blood libel 9612:Antisemitic 9548: [ 9428:Philippines 9265:Recruitment 9050:allegations 9029:Red mercury 8913:Joan of Arc 8906:Other cases 8847:(1950s–60s) 8793:John McAfee 8763:Hugo Chávez 8715:Kurt Cobain 8703:Turgut Özal 8699:(1980s–90s) 8679:Airey Neave 8637:Harold Holt 8577:Tom Thomson 8495:Gulf Breeze 8489:Ilkley Moor 8342:Hollow Moon 8113:Antiscience 8106:Core topics 7826:February 7, 7757:Vanity Fair 7251:December 8, 7077:www.cdc.gov 6683:January 14, 6628:January 28, 6597:February 9, 6379:Health News 5768:February 3, 4039:January 26, 4013:January 27, 3987:January 26, 3961:January 24, 3935:January 25, 3591:January 24, 3495:January 19, 3107:January 25, 2776:(in Slovak) 2679:December 6, 2673:www.cdc.gov 2604:January 27, 2228:November 2, 2086:(1): 22–5. 1909:January 30, 1783:(1): 1–15. 1514:(1): 2106. 1362:Peter Hotez 1310:Drew Pinsky 1277:During the 883:Vaccination 834:James Burns 754:variolation 616:pre-bunking 570:Peter Hotez 312:Chicken pox 264:Vaccination 250:Vaccination 227:HPV vaccine 126:around the 69:vaccination 11944:Categories 11844:Thiomersal 11790:Paul Offit 11765:Jonas Salk 11741:Inventors/ 11612:research: 11589:research: 11526:research: 11455:Skycovione 11445:Sanofi–GSK 11390:SARS-CoV-2 11301:Hantavirus 11267:rVSV-ZEBOV 11252:Adenovirus 11220:research: 11098:Diphtheria 10936:Attenuated 10763:Paranormal 10672:Li's field 10591:synarchism 10586:Illuminati 10581:Bilderberg 10453:Sandy Hook 10389:FEMA camps 10241:Lithuania 10086:Cairo fire 10058:Golpe Azul 10049:Venezuela 10014:Argentina 9866:Bangladesh 9828:Love jihad 9687:Żydokomuna 9630:Cohen Plan 9540:Freemasons 9403:Ivermectin 9393:Chemtrails 9388:Big Pharma 9364:Thiomersal 9231:gay agenda 9226:drag panic 9211:Anti-LGBTQ 9048:False flag 8691:Zia-ul-Haq 8685:Olof Palme 8507:Morristown 8471:Twin Falls 8427:Die Glocke 8393:Dulce Base 8347:Reptilians 8332:Flat Earth 8219:Psychology 8155:Conspiracy 8123:deep state 7873:PolitiFact 7852:August 26, 7798:January 5, 7767:January 4, 7432:@samoagovt 7379:@samoagovt 6453:January 7, 6383:January 8, 6356:January 8, 6328:January 8, 6266:January 8, 5799:August 30, 5412:required.) 5148:required.) 4706:"Smallpox" 3315:: e40201. 3141:: 112552. 1489:References 1196:Paul Offit 1192:Disneyland 1144:Brian Deer 1135:, and the 1088:The Lancet 1012:diphtheria 739:homeopathy 693:the CDC's 582:Alex Rosen 548:Harassment 472:2022, the 269:Vaccinator 207:references 93:news media 11923:Phase III 11911:Withdrawn 11839:Pox party 11649:ALVAC-CEA 11571:Protozoan 11460:Sputnik V 11410:CoronaVac 11380:Rotavirus 11283:Pandemrix 11135:Pertussis 11076:Bacterial 10960:Synthetic 10923:Conjugate 10875:Adjuvants 10852:Infection 10768:Prejudice 10662:Bielefeld 10650:Satirical 10608:Pseudolaw 10501:Italygate 10440:incidents 10414:Pizzagate 10333:parentage 10245:Statesmen 10177:Ergenekon 10111:Pallywood 10081:10 agorot 9989:Thailand 9963:Jinnahpur 9959:Pakistan 9886:Holodomor 9876:Cambodian 9383:Aspartame 9292:GamerGate 9253:Homintern 9221:Chemicals 9071:Lusitania 8997:Agenda 21 8931:Jonestown 8921:(1948–54) 8769:Seth Rich 8661:Aldo Moro 8497:(1987–88) 8421:Nazi UFOs 8246:Denialism 8175:Espionage 8165:Deception 7924:France 24 7820:Logically 7720:1932-6203 7653:2059-7908 7409:ReliefWeb 7195:0261-3077 7141:0307-1235 7103:ReliefWeb 7083:March 28, 7005:1756-1833 6991:: j2378. 6875:: c5347. 6826:: c7452. 6797:August 5, 6178:1469-493X 5904:1544-9173 5845:2168-8184 5732:0959-8138 5673:1542-6270 5023:0141-0768 4796:CiteSeerX 4759:Endeavour 4637:246166545 4561:245856528 4535:1468-2869 4471:2162-8254 4465:(3): 12. 4387:1932-6203 4124:247206495 4108:0264-410X 4061:USA Today 3893:1091-6490 3828:1058-4838 3789:Brookings 3752:1869-5469 3738:(1): 32. 3672:142769329 3633:263715886 3546:0027-8424 3453:1932-6203 3404:221076451 3388:1041-0236 3331:2369-2960 3290:261453468 3274:1529-1006 3212:1865-8652 3155:0277-9536 3008:257257554 2889:262073883 2547:247384353 2531:1546-170X 2457:153706560 2416:245916820 2408:2731-0574 2352:230647269 2208:218625185 2192:1476-4687 2043:1932-6203 1970:(Reprint) 1865:0264-410X 1807:257095447 1799:2662-9992 1737:0959-8138 1692:232774243 1676:0163-7525 1610:0140-6736 1530:1471-2458 1199:in 2017. 1131:, the UK 964:Lily Loat 944:Leicester 578:Elon Musk 574:Joe Rogan 484:monetized 322:Influenza 110:Although 42:Minnesota 40:rally in 11681:Prostvac 11674:Gardasil 11669:Cervarix 11616:Hookworm 11495:Shingles 11477:Smallpox 11395:Corbevax 11331:Gardasil 11326:Cervarix 11069:Vaccines 11023:Schedule 10994:Global: 10902:Timeline 10844:Vaccines 10699:See also 10562:New Coke 10419:The Plan 10328:religion 10221:Ireland 10217:Euromyth 10200:Üst akıl 10149:Rasputin 10004:Americas 9928:Regional 9861:Armenian 9413:vaccines 9408:lab leak 9398:COVID-19 9270:Grooming 8552:theories 8273:Paranoia 8170:Dystopia 8146:Criminal 8096:Overview 8034:37486680 8025:10366951 7958:The EDGE 7792:Archived 7761:Archived 7738:33711025 7690:PLOS ONE 7671:33097547 7572:Sky News 7467:Archived 7436:Archived 7413:Archived 7383:Archived 7355:Archived 7328:Archived 7304:Archived 7278:Archived 7276:. 2018. 7245:Archived 7222:Archived 7218:ABC News 7199:Archived 7168:Archived 7145:Archived 7107:Archived 7021:27124692 7013:28512183 6958:CBS News 6930:Newsweek 6891:21209059 6848:43640126 6840:21209060 6773:37724643 6765:21224310 6726:21209059 6679:. London 6650:BBC News 6622:Archived 6618:BBC News 6482:. London 6428:39229852 6420:21226573 6349:IB Times 6307:73020733 6242:39479569 6234:21917556 6196:32309885 6107:June 13, 6097:20669467 6020:18193704 5971:18309963 5922:19478850 5863:30186724 5748:43465004 5740:20124366 5718:: c696. 5689:39479569 5681:21917556 5638:34806766 5351:32125316 5343:20760356 5060:Archived 4982:26409142 4826:21775014 4818:17142878 4779:11725304 4629:35066696 4553:35018612 4489:35837516 4405:35499997 4357:PLOS ONE 4276:Le Monde 4211:31732327 4162:The Week 4116:35246311 4067:March 8, 4034:The Drum 3911:36749721 3846:35568471 3770:33747252 3586:The Hill 3564:33837146 3471:30699155 3423:PLOS ONE 3396:32762260 3349:36469911 3282:26173286 3230:32965654 3173:31561111 3065:36701366 3000:36856226 2991:10185917 2881:37735191 2655:26209838 2599:37016634 2590:10066223 2539:35273402 2483:June 18, 2344:33447164 2281:33270038 2200:32499650 2141:June 23, 2110:12089115 2061:28742163 2013:PLOS ONE 1994:12076221 1899:Lateline 1881:38720733 1873:22172504 1755:12193361 1684:33798403 1628:36871571 1548:34789206 1372:See also 1344:drummer 1248:Auckland 1239:and the 827:smallpox 758:smallpox 743:vitalism 454:China's 452:targeted 332:COVID-19 302:Smallpox 296:Vaccines 242:a series 240:Part of 205:Lack of 176:Lateline 112:concepts 101:children 65:movement 61:anti-vax 44:in 2010. 11870:Related 11816:General 11578:Malaria 11465:Valneva 11430:Novavax 11425:Moderna 11420:Janssen 11405:CanSino 11385:Rubella 11343:Measles 11214:Td/Tdap 11184:Typhoid 11167:Tetanus 11162:Q fever 11093:Cholera 11083:Anthrax 10952:Peptide 10916:Classes 10897:Storage 10342:Spygate 10271:Sweden 10107:Israel 10024:Canada 9896:Rwandan 9891:Nanjing 9871:Bosnian 9818:Eurabia 9778:Vatican 9768:Jesuits 9563:(1940s) 9481:Medbeds 9306:Gaylors 9302:Larries 9137:(2001) 9092:Liberty 8877:Estonia 8820:Titanic 8550:suicide 8465:Roswell 8370:Area 51 8200:Secrecy 7788:Fortune 7729:7954317 7698:Bibcode 7662:7590343 7463:Reuters 6868:The BMJ 6819:The BMJ 6792:The BMJ 6745:The BMJ 6704:The BMJ 6656:May 24, 6544:The BMJ 6287:The BMJ 6187:7169657 6069:of the 6011:4954362 5962:2287215 5941:The BMJ 5913:2682483 5854:6122668 5806:Alt URL 5629:8607336 5334:2401264 5210:3063903 5201:1139881 5136:May 28, 5032:1181850 4962:Vaccine 4620:8783654 4544:8751469 4480:9242559 4396:9060336 4365:Bibcode 4202:6954281 4181:Vaccine 4088:Vaccine 3982:Fortune 3902:9963596 3873:Bibcode 3837:9384020 3761:7954364 3713:1822644 3555:8054004 3524:Bibcode 3462:6353548 3431:Bibcode 3340:9838721 3221:7509825 3164:7117034 3056:9945974 3035:Bibcode 2861:Bibcode 2646:4632204 2625:Vaccine 2477:Reuters 2436:Science 2335:7799877 2272:7746500 2170:Bibcode 2101:1751143 2052:5524392 2021:Bibcode 1845:Vaccine 1746:1123944 1619:9981160 1539:8596085 1328:at the 1312:making 1256:measles 1127:of the 1105:measles 1093:colitis 1072:rubella 1064:measles 808:In the 728:History 649:Vaccine 274:Vaccine 132:medical 128:ethical 87:. As a 11906:WHO-EM 11826:Lancet 11703:TA-NIC 11688:NicVAX 11535:Dengue 11375:Rabies 11201:Typhus 11140:Plague 11018:Policy 10979:Toxoid 10907:Trials 10455:(2012) 10434:Pastel 10261:Spain 10231:Italy 10164:Turkey 10122:Russia 9944:India 9712:Z.O.G. 9585:Kosher 9488:(2003) 9424:Canada 9354:autism 9334:Health 9179:(2023) 9173:(2014) 9167:(2010) 9161:(2005) 9155:(2004) 9131:(1995) 9125:(1988) 9119:(1986) 9113:(1983) 9107:(1982) 9101:(1972) 9095:(1967) 9086:(1941) 9080:(1933) 9074:(1915) 9065:(1898) 8933:(1978) 8927:(1977) 8915:(1431) 8898:(2014) 8892:(1999) 8886:(1996) 8880:(1994) 8871:(1993) 8865:(1987) 8859:(1972) 8853:(1972) 8841:(1959) 8835:(1952) 8829:(1923) 8823:(1912) 8814:(1872) 8795:(2021) 8789:(2020) 8783:(2019) 8777:(2018) 8771:(2016) 8765:(2013) 8759:(2011) 8753:(2007) 8747:(2004) 8741:(2001) 8735:(1998) 8729:(1997) 8723:(1995) 8717:(1994) 8711:(1993) 8705:(1993) 8693:(1988) 8687:(1986) 8681:(1979) 8675:(1978) 8669:(1978) 8663:(1978) 8657:(1973) 8651:(1968) 8645:(1968) 8639:(1967) 8633:(1966) 8627:(1963) 8621:(1963) 8615:(1962) 8609:(1958) 8603:(1945) 8597:(1945) 8591:(1945) 8585:(1943) 8579:(1917) 8573:(1916) 8567:(1890) 8561:(1850) 8509:(2009) 8503:(1995) 8491:(1987) 8485:(1967) 8479:(1949) 8473:(1947) 8467:(1947) 8461:(1947) 8455:(1884) 8445:Hoaxes 8402:(1948) 8118:Cabals 8032: 8022: 7979: 7736: 7726: 7718: 7669: 7659: 7651: 7302:. US. 7193: 7189:. UK. 7166:. UK. 7139: 7019: 7011: 7003: 6889: 6846: 6838: 6771: 6763: 6724: 6565:534460 6562: 6470:2004: 6426: 6418: 6305: 6240: 6232: 6194: 6184: 6176: 6095: 6085: 6018: 6008: 5969: 5959: 5920: 5910: 5902: 5861: 5851: 5843: 5823:Cureus 5746: 5738: 5730: 5706:Lancet 5687: 5679: 5671: 5636: 5626: 5566: 5491: 5471: 5448: 5406: 5391: 5349: 5341: 5331: 5208: 5198: 5142: 5127: 5088: 5029: 5021: 5011: 4980: 4927: 4897: 4849: 4824: 4816: 4798: 4777: 4688: 4635: 4627: 4617: 4559: 4551: 4541: 4533: 4487: 4477: 4469: 4403: 4393: 4385: 4209: 4199: 4122: 4114: 4106: 3909: 3899: 3891: 3844: 3834: 3826: 3768: 3758: 3750: 3711: 3701: 3670: 3631: 3562: 3552: 3544: 3469: 3459: 3451: 3402: 3394: 3386: 3347: 3337: 3329: 3288: 3280: 3272: 3228: 3218: 3210: 3171: 3161: 3153: 3063: 3053: 3006: 2998: 2988: 2947: 2887: 2879: 2853:Nature 2653: 2643: 2597: 2587: 2545: 2537: 2529: 2455: 2414: 2406: 2350: 2342: 2332: 2279: 2269: 2206: 2198: 2190: 2162:Nature 2108: 2098: 2059: 2049: 2041: 1992: 1879: 1871: 1863: 1805: 1797: 1753: 1743: 1735: 1690: 1682: 1674: 1626: 1616: 1608: 1590:Lancet 1546: 1536: 1528: 1237:UNICEF 1168:Lancet 1164:Lancet 1123:, the 1119:, the 1079:Lancet 1070:, and 812:, the 776:and a 528:, the 524:, the 344:Issues 120:fringe 11834:NCVIA 11698:TA-CD 11632:Other 11583:RTS,S 11363:Sabin 11358:Polio 11353:Mumps 11262:Ebola 11245:Viral 11194:ViCPS 11189:Ty21a 11123:MeNZB 11053:VAERS 11003:NITAG 10932:Live 10731:Dogma 10542:Other 10429:QAnon 10097:Iran 10039:Peru 9901:Sayfo 9785:Bible 9580:Halal 9552:] 9439:Ebola 9062:Maine 9024:HAARP 8411:MJ-12 8142:Civil 7281:(PDF) 7270:(PDF) 7017:S2CID 6844:S2CID 6769:S2CID 6424:S2CID 6377:WebMD 6303:S2CID 6238:S2CID 5744:S2CID 5685:S2CID 5347:S2CID 4958:(PDF) 4822:S2CID 4633:S2CID 4557:S2CID 4120:S2CID 3709:S2CID 3668:S2CID 3629:S2CID 3400:S2CID 3286:S2CID 3004:S2CID 2885:S2CID 2543:S2CID 2453:S2CID 2412:S2CID 2348:S2CID 2310:(PDF) 2204:S2CID 1877:S2CID 1803:S2CID 1688:S2CID 1252:Upolu 1171:' 1109:mumps 1068:mumps 327:Ebola 307:Polio 11560:Zika 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