339:
reason being the regurgitation of freshly eaten food upon capture in nets as a defense mechanism. They are likely visually based predators and adult individuals can easily engulf relatively large prey, fishes with 20–30 cm fork length, whole due to their unattached pectoral girdles and distensible stomachs. Observations of slash marks on numerous young
Pacific salmon in the northern Pacific prompted an investigation into the potential impact of daggertooth depredation on young salmon stocks by assessment of the tooth marks left on the salmon and estimations of daggertooth abundance. The subsequent findings showed that slashes from failed daggertooth attacks could be distinguished from failed
367:
217:
66:
44:
374:
Hubbs et al., (1953) speculated that daggertooths have an anti-tropical distribution and live in temperate and boreal latitudes at either pole. Later work investigating the distributional overlap between daggertooths and
Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus sp.) seemed to verify this assertion although some
338:
and it is generally assumed that they predate the most abundant fishes available. This ignorance of diet is partly due to the potential prevalence of regurgitation among net caught specimens, where nearly 100% of net caught daggertooths were documented with completely empty stomachs, the supposed
200:
which easily differentiates them from their close allies, especially the similar-looking lancetfishes. Another feature that distinguishes daggertooths from lancetfishes is the placement of the large, fang-like teeth. In lancetfishes, the fangs appear on both the upper and lower jaws while in
379:
in certain areas of the tropical, west
Pacific. It is possible that the latitudinal distribution of daggertooths is anti-tropical in the epipelagic with preferred temperatures being available at depth worldwide, which would also explain the conservation of such few species with near global
343:
attacks by the placement of the tooth marks, as daggertooths only have fang-like teeth along their upper jaw while lancetfish have fang like teeth along both the upper and lower jaws. Whether daggertooth have a significant impact on northern
Pacific Salmon stock remained inconclusive.
375:
lack of findings pointed to a spotty distribution in certain pole-ward regions. Counter to this assumption, however, are the findings of Kim et al. (1997) who discovered that daggertooths can comprise a sizable portion of the diets of deep diving
220:
A daggertooth trawled from the mesopelagic near Bear's
Seamount in the North Atlantic. The Yellow coloration in this photo is the yellow of a hi-vis life jacket reflecting off this fish's silvery skin. Photo by Dr. Jon A.
552:
Nagasawa, K.; Azumaya, T.; Ishida, Y (2010). "Impact of
Predation by Salmon Sharks (Lamna ditropis) and Daggertooths (Anotopterus nikparini) on Pacific Salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) Stocks in the North Pacific Ocean".
196:. They are elongate, silvery, predatory marine fishes that lack scales and have sharp teeth likely used for hunting fishes. However, as their scientific name (meaning "without fins on its back") suggests, they lack
347:
It has been noted that as daggertooths age their teeth begin to diminish and their stomachs and intestines atrophy while their gonads increase greatly in size. This observed,
201:
daggertooths the fangs are only seen along the upper jaw. Whether the fangs or the distinctly protruding mandible inspired the common name "daggertooth" remains unclear.
241:
355:
reproductive modality, while this aspect of life history has not yet been fully substantiated. Like their relatives, it is thought that daggertooths are simultaneous
450:
Davis, M.P.; Fielitz, C. (2010). "Estimating divergence times of lizardfishes and their allies (Euteleostei: Aulopiformes) and the timing of deep-sea adaptations".
319:
have been reported to do. Like its close cousins, it is likely that these fishes readily avoid collecting nets at the depths they most frequently occur in the
335:
619:
323:, especially larger individuals. Daggertooth are predators of other fishes and are prey to larger fishes including its close cousins the lancetfishes.
291:. Recent Bayesian assessment of fossil records, taxonomic relationships and four key molecular markers have determined a much closer kinship between
315:
suggests that of a swift swimmer, at least of a fish that can dart through water quickly for short distances, like some of its closest relatives in
884:
729:
370:
Close up of an
Anotopterus pharao and its "daggertooth". Collected from Bear's Seamount in the western North Atlantic. Photo by Dr. Jon A. Moore
768:
587:
Kim, J.C.; Moon, D.Y.; Kwon, J.N.; Kim, T.I.; Jo, H.S. (1997). "Diets of Bigeye and
Yellowfin tunas in the Western Tropical Pacific".
858:
703:
897:
742:
992:
902:
747:
574:
The
Widespread, Probably Antitropical Distribution and the Relationship of the Bathypelagic Iniomous Fish Anotopterus Pahrao
406:
959:
804:
773:
997:
205:
have been reported to grow to as long as 147 cm (4.82 ft). The skin of daggertooths makes them highly
910:
755:
17:
426:
690:
677:
326:
Very little is known about the feeding habits of daggertooths, although they have been said to eat young
695:
65:
572:
Hubbs, C.L.; Mead, G.W. & Wilmovsky, N.J. (1953). Zobell, C.D.; Fox, D.L. & Munk,W.H. (eds.).
964:
925:
809:
783:
514:
Radchenko, V.I.; Semenchenko, A.Y. (1996). "Predation of doggertooth on immature
Pacific salmon".
951:
987:
630:
734:
946:
889:
668:
235:
938:
366:
216:
796:
523:
459:
303:
might more appropriately be considered a member of the barracudina family, Paralepididae.
8:
527:
463:
535:
283:
has long been considered a unique taxonomic family with close affinity to the families
271:
250:
60:
933:
845:
791:
475:
402:
265:
52:
682:
531:
467:
169:
850:
836:
915:
760:
471:
356:
327:
256:
148:
107:
981:
653:
576:. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. pp. 173–191.
422:
397:
Johnson, R.K.; Eschmeyer, W.N. (1998). Paxton, J.R.; Eschmeyer, W.N. (eds.).
316:
288:
284:
479:
210:
173:
117:
871:
716:
662:
352:
348:
331:
320:
193:
708:
340:
206:
197:
189:
876:
721:
77:
863:
624:
571:
830:
647:
435:
360:
97:
180:. They are found in oceans worldwide, but prefer cooler waters.
87:
43:
396:
376:
496:
Rofen R.R. (1966). Olsen, Y.H. & Atz, J.W. (eds.).
188:
Daggertooths are similar in appearance to the related
551:
498:
Fishes of the Western North Atlantic Number 1. Part 5
513:
363:
and actual reproductive behavior remains a mystery.
230:
The currently recognized species in this genus are:
979:
547:
545:
209:to light. Like their close relatives, they lack
589:Korean Journal of Fisheris and Aquatic Sciences
500:. New Haven: Yale University. pp. 482–497.
605:
586:
610:. San Diego: Academic Press. pp. 79–115.
542:
606:Haedrich, R.L. (1997). Randall, D.P. (ed.).
509:
507:
449:
299:, with the implication being that the genus
306:
580:
495:
401:. San Diego: Academic Press. p. 126.
42:
599:
565:
504:
443:
365:
215:
421:
225:
14:
980:
491:
489:
629:
628:
452:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
926:18831229-b0a3-4c31-8dc0-6f435f5873b3
784:67052f12-f73c-4320-b4aa-85ed31925a98
486:
24:
536:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1996.tb01799.x
390:
25:
1009:
64:
176:, the sole genus of the family
415:
183:
13:
1:
608:Deep-Sea Fishes. 16th edition
383:
351:shift hints to a potentially
295:to basal Paralepididae, like
993:Taxa named by Erich Zugmayer
7:
472:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.09.003
246:(North Pacific daggertooth)
10:
1014:
820:
637:
276:(south ocean daggertooth)
61:Scientific classification
59:
50:
41:
34:
439:. February 2012 version.
425:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
307:Ecology and life history
168:) are a genus of marine
516:Journal of Fish Biology
998:Ray-finned fish genera
555:NPAFC Technical Report
399:Encyclopedia of Fishes
371:
222:
947:Paleobiology Database
369:
236:Anotopterus nikparini
219:
620:access.afsc.noaa.gov
226:Species and taxonomy
528:1996JFBio..49.1323R
464:2010MolPE..57.1194D
427:"Species in genus
372:
336:mesopelagic fishes
251:Anotopterus pharao
223:
975:
974:
934:Open Tree of Life
792:Open Tree of Life
631:Taxon identifiers
275:
266:Anotopterus vorax
260:
245:
156:
155:
152:
133:
53:Anotopterus vorax
16:(Redirected from
1005:
968:
967:
955:
954:
942:
941:
929:
928:
919:
918:
916:NHMSYS0000328802
906:
905:
893:
892:
880:
879:
867:
866:
854:
853:
841:
840:
839:
813:
812:
800:
799:
787:
786:
777:
776:
764:
763:
761:NHMSYS0019995551
751:
750:
738:
737:
725:
724:
712:
711:
699:
698:
686:
685:
673:
672:
671:
658:
657:
656:
626:
625:
612:
611:
603:
597:
596:
584:
578:
577:
569:
563:
562:
549:
540:
539:
522:(6): 1323–1325.
511:
502:
501:
493:
484:
483:
458:(3): 1194–1208.
447:
441:
440:
419:
413:
412:
394:
270:
255:
240:
203:Anotopterus spp.
170:mesopelagic fish
147:
131:
69:
68:
46:
32:
31:
21:
1013:
1012:
1008:
1007:
1006:
1004:
1003:
1002:
978:
977:
976:
971:
963:
958:
950:
945:
937:
932:
924:
922:
914:
909:
901:
896:
888:
883:
875:
870:
862:
857:
849:
844:
835:
834:
829:
816:
808:
803:
795:
790:
782:
780:
772:
767:
759:
754:
746:
741:
733:
728:
720:
715:
707:
702:
694:
689:
681:
676:
667:
666:
661:
652:
651:
646:
633:
616:
615:
604:
600:
585:
581:
570:
566:
550:
543:
512:
505:
494:
487:
448:
444:
420:
416:
409:
395:
391:
386:
380:distributions.
309:
297:Magnisudis spp.
228:
186:
146:
130:
63:
28:
27:Genus of fishes
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1011:
1001:
1000:
995:
990:
973:
972:
970:
969:
956:
943:
930:
920:
907:
894:
881:
868:
855:
842:
826:
824:
818:
817:
815:
814:
801:
788:
778:
765:
752:
739:
726:
713:
700:
687:
674:
659:
643:
641:
635:
634:
623:
622:
614:
613:
598:
579:
564:
541:
503:
485:
442:
423:Froese, Rainer
414:
407:
388:
387:
385:
382:
357:hermaphrodites
328:Pacific salmon
308:
305:
278:
277:
262:
247:
227:
224:
185:
182:
154:
153:
139:
135:
134:
132:Zugmayer, 1911
125:
121:
120:
115:
111:
110:
108:Actinopterygii
105:
101:
100:
95:
91:
90:
85:
81:
80:
75:
71:
70:
57:
56:
48:
47:
39:
38:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1010:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
988:Anotopteridae
986:
985:
983:
966:
961:
957:
953:
948:
944:
940:
935:
931:
927:
921:
917:
912:
908:
904:
899:
895:
891:
886:
882:
878:
873:
869:
865:
860:
856:
852:
847:
843:
838:
832:
828:
827:
825:
823:
822:Anotopteridae
819:
811:
806:
802:
798:
793:
789:
785:
779:
775:
770:
766:
762:
757:
753:
749:
744:
740:
736:
731:
727:
723:
718:
714:
710:
705:
701:
697:
692:
688:
684:
679:
675:
670:
664:
660:
655:
649:
645:
644:
642:
640:
636:
632:
627:
621:
618:
617:
609:
602:
595:(5): 719–729.
594:
590:
583:
575:
568:
560:
556:
548:
546:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
510:
508:
499:
492:
490:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
446:
438:
437:
432:
430:
424:
418:
410:
408:0-12-547665-5
404:
400:
393:
389:
381:
378:
368:
364:
362:
358:
354:
350:
345:
342:
337:
333:
329:
324:
322:
318:
317:Paralepididae
314:
304:
302:
298:
294:
290:
289:Alepisauridae
286:
285:Paralepididae
282:
273:
268:
267:
263:
261:(daggertooth)
258:
253:
252:
248:
243:
238:
237:
233:
232:
231:
218:
214:
212:
211:swim bladders
208:
204:
199:
195:
191:
181:
179:
178:Anotopteridae
175:
172:in the order
171:
167:
166:
161:
150:
145:
144:
140:
137:
136:
129:
128:Anotopteridae
126:
123:
122:
119:
116:
113:
112:
109:
106:
103:
102:
99:
96:
93:
92:
89:
86:
83:
82:
79:
76:
73:
72:
67:
62:
58:
55:
54:
49:
45:
40:
37:
33:
30:
19:
18:Anotopteridae
821:
638:
607:
601:
592:
588:
582:
573:
567:
558:
554:
519:
515:
497:
455:
451:
445:
434:
428:
417:
398:
392:
373:
359:while their
346:
334:, and other
325:
312:
311:The form of
310:
300:
296:
292:
280:
279:
264:
249:
234:
229:
202:
190:lancetfishes
187:
177:
174:Aulopiformes
164:
163:
160:daggertooths
159:
157:
142:
141:
127:
118:Aulopiformes
51:
35:
29:
872:iNaturalist
717:iNaturalist
683:Anotopterus
669:Anotopterus
663:Wikispecies
639:Anotopterus
429:Anotopterus
353:semelparous
349:ontogenetic
332:barracudina
321:mesopelagic
313:Anotopterus
301:Anotopterus
293:Anotopterus
281:Anotopterus
198:dorsal fins
194:barracudina
184:Description
165:Anotopterus
143:Anotopterus
36:Anotopterus
982:Categories
384:References
341:lancetfish
207:refractive
837:Q12782208
84:Kingdom:
78:Eukaryota
831:Wikidata
648:Wikidata
561:: 51–52.
480:20854916
436:FishBase
361:spawning
257:Zugmayer
149:Zugmayer
124:Family:
98:Chordata
94:Phylum:
88:Animalia
74:Domain:
735:1280286
709:2401107
654:Q291621
524:Bibcode
460:Bibcode
162:(genus
138:Genus:
114:Order:
104:Class:
965:125440
952:355228
939:587923
923:NZOR:
903:162532
890:111457
810:125662
781:NZOR:
774:172141
748:162533
478:
405:
274:, 1913
259:, 1911
244:, 1998
242:Kukuev
151:, 1911
960:WoRMS
885:IRMNG
877:85584
805:WoRMS
797:86547
730:IRMNG
722:86498
696:33972
272:Regan
221:Moore
898:ITIS
864:2960
859:GBIF
769:NCBI
743:ITIS
704:GBIF
691:BOLD
476:PMID
403:ISBN
377:tuna
287:and
192:and
158:The
911:NBN
851:6GC
846:CoL
756:NBN
678:AFD
532:doi
468:doi
984::
962::
949::
936::
913::
900::
887::
874::
861::
848::
833::
807::
794::
771::
758::
745::
732::
719::
706::
693::
680::
665::
650::
593:30
591:.
557:.
544:^
530:.
520:49
518:.
506:^
488:^
474:.
466:.
456:57
454:.
433:.
330:,
269:,
254:,
239:,
213:.
559:4
538:.
534::
526::
482:.
470::
462::
431:"
411:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
